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Statsenko Y, Smetanina D, Simiyu GL, Belghali M, Ghenimi N, Mannaerts GHH, Almaramah L, Alhashmi M, Chun Mohammad N, Al Hamed R, Alblooshi SF, Talbi K, Albreiki M, Alkaabi F, Ponomareva A, Ljubisavljevic M. Race, Ethnicity, and Geography as Determinants of Excessive Weight and Low Physical Activity in Pediatric Population: Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1830. [PMID: 39337171 PMCID: PMC11431668 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12181830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The rationale for the current study is the sparsity of data on the combined effect of the environmental and individual risks of obesity and sedentary lifestyle in children of different races/ethnicities from different regions. An effective weight management strategy is hard to design due to insufficient evidence. This work was initiated to study race, ethnicity, and geography as determinants of excessive weight and low physical activity in the pediatric population. To achieve this aim, we systematically review publications on daily length of physical activity of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity, as well as sedentary time and BMI and its dynamics in children of different races/ethnicities and geographies. The extracted data are stratified into six major geographic regions and six races/ethnicities. Then, a random-effects meta-analysis is used to calculate the pooled mean of each outcome measure. A ridge regression is constructed to explore age-related change in BMI. A Kruskal-Wallis H test is applied to compare the pooled duration of physical activity and sedentary time in the subgroups. Finally, we calculate paired correlation coefficients between BMI and physical activity/inactivity for each group. The findings can be further used in public health surveillance to clarify the epidemiology of obesity, to guide priority setting and planning, and to develop and evaluate public health policy and strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen Statsenko
- Imaging Platform, ASPIRE Precision Medicine Institute in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Darya Smetanina
- Imaging Platform, ASPIRE Precision Medicine Institute in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Gillian Lylian Simiyu
- Imaging Platform, ASPIRE Precision Medicine Institute in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Maroua Belghali
- CIAMS Laboratory, Orléans University, 45062 Orléans, France;
| | - Nadirah Ghenimi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | | | - Leena Almaramah
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Maryam Alhashmi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Nazia Chun Mohammad
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Rahaf Al Hamed
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Sara F. Alblooshi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Khawla Talbi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Maitha Albreiki
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Fatima Alkaabi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (M.A.); (N.C.M.); (R.A.H.); (S.F.A.); (K.T.); (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Anna Ponomareva
- Scientific-Research Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia;
| | - Milos Ljubisavljevic
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Neuroscience Platform, ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Yen HK, Lin WH, Groot OQ, Chen CW, Yang JJ, Bongers MER, Karhade A, Shah A, Yang TC, Bindels BJ, Dai SH, Verlaan JJ, Schwab J, Yang SH, Hornicek FJ, Hu MH. Comparison of Classically and Machine Learning Generated Survival Prediction Models for Patients With Spinal Metastasis - A meta-Analysis of Two Recently Developed Algorithms. Global Spine J 2024:21925682231162817. [PMID: 39069660 DOI: 10.1177/21925682231162817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A systemic review and a meta-analysis. We also provided a retrospective cohort for validation in this study. OBJECTIVE (1) Using a meta-analysis to determine the pooled discriminatory ability of The Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) classical algorithm (CA) and machine learning algorithms (MLA); and (2) test the hypothesis that SORG-CA has less variability in performance than SORG-MLA in non-American validation cohorts as SORG-CA does not incorporates regional-specific variables such as body mass index as input. METHODS After data extraction from the included studies, logit-transformation was applied for extracted AUCs for further analysis. The discriminatory abilities of both algorithms were directly compared by their logit (AUC)s. Further subgroup analysis by region (America vs non-America) was also conducted by comparing the corresponding logit (AUC). RESULTS The pooled logit (AUC)s of 90-day SORG-CA was .82 (95% confidence interval [CI], .53-.11), 1-year SORG-CA was 1.11 (95% CI, .74-1.48), 90-day SORG-MLA was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.09-1.63), and 1-year SORG-MLA was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.17-1.98). All the algorithms performed better in United States than in Taiwan (P < .001). The performance of SORG-CA was less influenced by a non-American cohort than SORG-MLA. CONCLUSION These observations might highlight the importance of incorporating region-specific variables into existing models to make them generalizable to racially or geographically distinct regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Kuan Yen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jen Yang
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Aditya Karhade
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akash Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tse-Chuan Yang
- Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Bas Jj Bindels
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Shih-Hsiang Dai
- Department of International Business, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jorrit-Jan Verlaan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joseph Schwab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Hsiao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ayuningtyas D, Kusuma D, Amir V, Tjandrarini DH, Andarwati P. Disparities in Obesity Rates among Adults: Analysis of 514 Districts in Indonesia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163332. [PMID: 36014838 PMCID: PMC9413456 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, it was estimated that over 650 million adults 18 years old and older were obese in 2016. It is an increasing global health challenge with a significant health and economic impact. Thus, understanding geographic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity among adults is crucial. METHODS We combined geospatial and quantitative analyses to assess the disparity in obesity across 514 districts in Indonesia. We used the Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2018 for obesity data and the World Bank database for socioeconomic data. Dependent variables included obesity prevalence among all adults (18+ years), males, females, young adults (18-24 years), adults (25-59 years), and older adults (60+ years). RESULTS We found significant geographic and socioeconomic disparities in adult obesity in Indonesia. In terms of region, districts in Java and Bali had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity than those in Papua, Maluku, and Nusa Tenggara. Districts in Java had 29%, 32%, 60%, and 28% higher prevalence of obesity among all adults, female adults, young adults, and adults. By income, compared to the poorest ones, most affluent districts had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity; they had a 36%, 39%, 34%, 42%, 33%, and 73% higher prevalence of obesity among all adults, males, females, young adults, adults, and older adults. Similarly, by education, compared to the least educated ones, the most educated districts had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity; they had a 34%, 42%, 29%, 36%, and 80% higher prevalence of obesity among all adults, males, females, adults, and older adults. CONCLUSIONS There are significant disparities in adult obesity among 514 districts in Indonesia. Efforts by policymakers and stakeholders are needed to reduce obesity among adults, especially within districts with high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumilah Ayuningtyas
- Health Policy and Administration Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dian Kusuma
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Vilda Amir
- Health Policy and Administration Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16915, Indonesia
| | - Pramita Andarwati
- Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16915, Indonesia
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Letarte L, Samadoulougou S, McKay R, Quesnel-Vallée A, Waygood EOD, Lebel A. Neighborhood deprivation and obesity: Sex-specific effects of cross-sectional, cumulative and residential trajectory indicators. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115049. [PMID: 35724583 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a long-term health issue that is becoming increasingly prevalent. Very few studies have considered the life course effects of neighborhood characteristics on obesity. In a sample of 35,856 adult participants (representative of the population of the Province of Quebec in Canada), we measured the association between neighborhood deprivation and obesity using logistic modelling on indicators of cross-sectional neighborhood deprivation, cumulative neighborhood deprivation and trajectories of neighborhood deprivation. For cross-sectional exposure, we found that females in our sample had higher odds of being affected by obesity when living in high-deprivation (OR 1.73, CI 1.41-2.13) or medium-deprivation neighborhoods (OR 1.27, CI 1.07-1.51) compared to females living in low-deprivation neighborhoods. Males also had higher odds of being affected by obesity when living in medium or high deprivation. For cumulative exposure to neighborhood deprivation, only females in the second highest category for longitudinal exposure to deprived neighborhoods had significantly higher odds of living with obesity (OR 1.89 CI 1.12-3.19) compared to females in the low cumulative exposure category. Using sequence analysis to determine neighborhood deprivation trajectories for up to 17 years, we found that females with a Deprived upward (OR 1.75 CI 1.10-2.78), an Average downward (OR 1.75 CI 1.08-2.84) or a Deprived trajectory (OR 1.81 CI 1.45-2.86) had higher odds of living with obesity compared to the Privileged trajectory. For males, there were no significant associations. Using trajectory indicators was beneficial to our analyses because this method shows that not only are individuals in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods at the end of their trajectory more susceptible to living with obesity, but so are those exposed to neighborhood deprivation at the beginning of their trajectory. These results could help to more precisely identify individuals at higher risk of developing obesity-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Letarte
- Center for Research in Regional Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sekou Samadoulougou
- Center for Research in Regional Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel McKay
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Lebel
- Center for Research in Regional Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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Vart P. Understanding the social determinants of health. Lancet 2022; 399:1467. [PMID: 35430017 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, Netherlands.
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Samadoulougou S, Idzerda L, Letarte L, McKay R, Quesnel-Vallée A, Lebel A. Self-perceived health status among adults with obesity in Quebec: a cluster analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 67:43-49. [PMID: 34863927 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with obesity are a highly heterogeneous group. Characterizing this heterogeneity may help to improve public health by offering adapted interventions and treatments to more homogeneous sub-groups among obese patients. This research aims to (1) identify distinct clusters of people with obesity based on demographic, behavioural, and clinical factors in the province of Quebec (Canada) and (2) assess the association of these clusters with self-perceived health. METHODS We conducted a sex specific cluster analysis (multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering) of adults with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30kg/m2 from the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey in Quebec. Clusters were based on demographic, clinical, and behavioural characteristics. The clusters were tested for association with poor self-perceived health using logistic regression. RESULTS Three clusters of individuals with obesity were identified. These were (1) young individuals, (2) people with higher levels of depression and anxiety, and (3) older adults with high comorbidity. Those with high levels of depression and anxiety (9% of men versus 13% of women) were associated with the poorest self-perceived health. CONCLUSION People with obesity in Quebec can be categorized into three clusters based on demographic, clinical, and behavioural characteristics. The findings of this study draw attention to the need to examine the coexistence of obesity with depression and anxiety, particularly as it relates to self-perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sékou Samadoulougou
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Leanne Idzerda
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evidence Synthesis and Knowledge Translation Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laurence Letarte
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel McKay
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health and Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Lebel
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Shibre G, Zegeye B, Woldeamanuiel GG, Negash W, Lemma G, Taderegew MM. Observed magnitude and trends in socioeconomic and geographic area inequalities in obesity prevalence among non-pregnant women in Chad: evidence from three waves of Chad demographic and health surveys. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:133. [PMID: 34301337 PMCID: PMC8299664 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, the growing rates of overweight and obesity in developing countries are disquieting. Obesity is widely recognized as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Available evidence on whether obesity has been more prevalent among higher or lower socioeconomic groups, across regions and urban-rural women's are inconsistent. This study examined magnitude of and trends in socioeconomic, urban-rural and sub-national region inequalities in obesity prevalence among non-pregnant women in Chad. METHOD Using cross-sectional data from Chad Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted in 1996, 2004 and 2014; we used the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to analyze socio-economic, urban-rural and regional inequalities in obesity prevalence among non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years. Inequalities were assessed using four equity stratifiers namely wealth index, educational level, place of residence and subnational region. We presented inequalities using simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures such as Difference (D), Population Attributable Risk (PAR), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Ratio (R). RESULTS Though constant pattern overtime, both wealth-driven and place of residence inequality were observed in all three surveys by Difference measure and in the first and last surveys by Ratio measure. Similarly, including the recent survey (D = -2.80, 95% CI:-4.15, - 1.45, R = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.50) absolute (in 1996 & 2014 survey) and relative (in all three surveys) educational status inequality with constant pattern were observed. Substantial absolute (PAR = -2.2, 95% CI: - 3.21, - 1.34) and relative (PAF = - 91.9, 95% CI: - 129.58, - 54.29) regional inequality was observed with increasing and constant pattern by simple (D) and complex (PAR, PAF) measures. CONCLUSION The study showed socioeconomic and area-based obesity inequalities that disfavored women in higher socioeconomic status and residing in urban areas. Prevention of obesity prevalence should be government and stakeholders' priority through organizing the evidence, health promotion and prevention interventions for at risk population and general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebretsadik Shibre
- Department of Reproductive, Family and Population Health, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewarobit Field Office, Shewarobit, Ethiopia
| | | | - Wassie Negash
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Gorems Lemma
- Chacha Health Center, Angolela Tera Health Office, Chacha, Ethiopia
| | - Mitku Mamo Taderegew
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolketie University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, P.O. Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
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Liu J, Qu Q, Xuekelati S, Bai X, Wang L, Xiang H, Wang H. Geographic and Age Variations in Low Body Mass Index Among Community-Dwelling Older People in Xinjiang: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675931. [PMID: 34336883 PMCID: PMC8319472 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown an association between undernutrition and increased adverse outcome, as well as substantial geographic and age variations in undernutrition. Body mass index (BMI), a core indicator of undernutrition, is easy to measure and reflects the nutritional and health status of the human body. It is a simple and suitable tool for epidemiological investigations in large sample populations. Herein, we provide the first description of geographic and age variations in the prevalence of low BMI among community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2019, using a multi-stage random sampling method, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang at different latitudes. Of the 87,000 participants, the statistical analyses included 86,514 participants with complete data. Results: In Xinjiang, the prevalence of low BMI was 7.7% in the community-dwelling older people. The BMI gradually decreased with increasing age and gradually increased with latitude. The prevalence of low BMI in northern Xinjiang was 5.3%, which was significantly lower than that in eastern (7.7%) and southern (9.3%) Xinjiang. In the 60–69-, 70–79-, 80–89-, and ≥90-year age groups, the prevalence rates of low BMI were 5.8, 7.9, 10.0, and 13.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors (sex, ethnic group, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, smoking, and drinking), multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (95% CI) for low BMI in eastern and southern Xinjiang were 1.165 (1.056–1.285) and 1.400 (1.274–1.538), respectively, compared to northern Xinjiang. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for low BMI in the 70–79-, 80–89-, and ≥90-year age groups were 1.511 (1.39–1.635), 2.233 (2.030–2.456), and 3.003 (2.439–3.696), respectively, compared to the 60–69-year age group. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed geographic and age variations in the prevalence of low BMI in the community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang. The prevalence of low BMI gradually increased as the latitude decreased and as age increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Liu
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Qun Qu
- The Health Center for the Cadre of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Saiyare Xuekelati
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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9
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Zegeye B, Shibre G, Garedew Woldeamanuel G. Time trends in socio-economic, urban-rural and regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho: evidence from Lesotho demographic and health surveys (2004-2014). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:537. [PMID: 33740943 PMCID: PMC7976702 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing rates of obesity in developing countries are alarming. There is a paucity of evidence about disparities of obesity in Lesotho. This study examined socioeconomic and area-based inequalities in obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2004, 2009 and 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys (LDHS) and analyzed through the recently updated Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) of the World Health Organization. Obesity prevalence was disaggregated by four equity stratifiers, namely education, wealth, residence and sub-national region. For each equity stratifier, simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures were calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used to measure statistical significance of findings. RESULTS We noticed substantial wealth-driven (D = -21.10, 95% CI; - 25.94, - 16.26), subnational region (PAR = -11.82, 95%CI; - 16.09, - 7.55) and urban-rural (- 9.82, 95% CI; - 13.65, - 5.99) inequalities in obesity prevalence without the inequalities improved over time in all the studied years. However, we did not identify educational inequality in obesity. CONCLUSIONS Wealth-driven and geographical inequalities was identified in Lesotho in all the studied time periods while education related inequalities did not appear during the same time period. All population groups in the country need to be reached with interventions to reduce the burden of obesity in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewarobit Field Office, Shewarobit, Ethiopia.
| | - Gebretsadik Shibre
- Department of Reproductive, Family and Population Health, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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10
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Do EK, Rossi B, Miller CA, Ksinan AJ, Wheeler DC, Chukmaitov A, Cyrus JW, Fuemmeler BF. Area-Level Variation and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:13-21. [PMID: 33008874 PMCID: PMC8108385 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage varies by geography can help to identify areas of need for prevention and control efforts. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using a combination of keywords (HPV vaccination, geography, neighborhoods, and sociodemographic factors) on Medline and Embase databases. Studies had to provide information on HPV vaccination by area-level variables, be conducted in the United States, and be published in English (analyzing data from January 2006 to February 2020). Conference abstracts and opinion pieces were excluded. Of 733 records identified, 25 were included for systematic review. Across studies, the average initiation rate was 40.5% (range, 6.3%-78.0%). The average rate of completion was 23.4% (range, 1.7%-55.2%). Geographic regions and area-level factors were associated with HPV vaccination, including zip code tabulation area-level poverty, urbanicity/rurality, racial/ethnic composition, and health service region characteristics. Only three studies utilized geospatial approaches. None accounted for geospatial-temporal associations. Individual-level and area-level factors and their interactions are important for characterizing HPV vaccination. Results demonstrate the need to move beyond existing multilevel methods and toward the adoption of geospatial approaches that allow for the mapping and detection of geographic areas with low HPV vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Do
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Brianna Rossi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Carrie A Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Albert J Ksinan
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David C Wheeler
- Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Askar Chukmaitov
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John W Cyrus
- Tompkins-McCaw Library, Research and Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
- Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
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11
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Bono F, Matranga D. Socioeconomic inequality in non-communicable diseases in Europe between 2004 and 2015: evidence from the SHARE survey. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:105-110. [PMID: 30169634 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The scope of this work was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities among European adults aged 50 or older in chronic diseases and behavioural risk factors for these diseases, namely, smoking habits, obesity and physical inactivity, between 2004 and 2015. Methods Data for this study were drawn from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) in Europe, which is a panel database of microdata on health, socioeconomic status and social and family networks of people aged 50 years or older, covering most of the European Union. The predicted number of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was used to estimate the concentration index and to find the contributions of determinants to socioeconomic inequalities in chronic diseases. Results The inequality disfavoured the poor in both years, but the effect was stable from 2004 (C = -0.071) to 2015 (C = -0.081). Inequality was shown to be attributed mostly to physical inactivity and obesity and this contribution increased during the study period. Among socioeconomic status (SES) determinants, education and marital status were the most concentrated in both years, while physical inactivity and obesity were the most concentrated behavioural risk factors in both years. Conclusions To prevent chronic diseases, health policy should aim not only to improve individual health behaviours in the population, but also to reduce socioeconomic inequality. Our study suggests promoting a healthy lifestyle in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic classes as a strategy to improve the health conditions of the whole population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Bono
- Department of Economics, Business and Statistics (SEAS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenica Matranga
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kim R, Kawachi I, Coull BA, Subramanian SV. Contribution of socioeconomic factors to the variation in body-mass index in 58 low-income and middle-income countries: an econometric analysis of multilevel data. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2019; 6:e777-e786. [PMID: 29903378 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most epidemiological studies have not simultaneously quantified variance in health within and between populations. We aimed to estimate the extent to which basic socioeconomic factors contribute to variation in body-mass index (BMI) across different populations. METHODS We pooled data from the cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys (2005-16) for 15-49 year old women with complete data for anthropometric measures in 58 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared estimates from multilevel variance component models for BMI before and after adjusting for age and socioeconomic factors (place of residence, education, household wealth, and marital status). The hierarchical structure of the sample included three levels with women at level 1, communities at level 2, and countries at level 3. The primary outcome was BMI. We did a sensitivity analysis using the 2002-03 World Health Surveys. FINDINGS Of 1 212 758 women nested within 64 764 communities and 58 countries, we found that most unexplained variation for BMI was attributed to between-individual differences (80%) and the remaining was between-population differences (14% for countries and 6% for communities). Socioeconomic factors explained a large proportion of between-population variance in BMI (14·8% for countries and 47·1% for communities), but only about 2% of interindividual variance. In country-specific models, we found substantial variation in the magnitude of between-individual differences (variance estimates ranging from 7·6 to 31·4, or 86·0-98·6% of the total variation) and the proportion explained by socioeconomic factors (0·1-6·4%). The disproportionately large unexplained between-individual variance in BMI was consistently found in additional analyses including more comprehensive set of predictor variables, both men and women, and populations from low-income and high-income countries. INTERPRETATION Our findings on variance decomposition in BMI and explanation by socioeconomic factors at population and individual levels indicate that inferential questions that target within and between populations are importantly inter-related and should be considered simultaneously. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rockli Kim
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Biswas RK, Kabir E, Khan HTA. Socioeconomic transition and its influence on body mass index (BMI) pattern in Bangladesh. J Eval Clin Pract 2019; 25:130-141. [PMID: 30178477 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Bangladesh is an underdeveloped country that has recently joined the ranks of low-middle-income countries. This study aims to investigate how socioeconomic and developmental factors have influenced women towards a shift in their body mass index (BMI). METHODS The trend was analysed using data on ever-married women from 6 nationwide surveys covering the years 1996 to 2014, conducted by the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). To assess the relationship between the socioeconomic factors and BMI, binary regression models were fitted for 6 surveys and forest plots were applied to display the results. RESULTS Factors such as age, education, residence, economic status, and contraceptive use were found to have had an increasing influence on BMI over the years that were being analysed. Age and education for women were potential factors influencing BMI. Growing urbanization and economic inequality were found to have been substantial over time, and marital status and contraceptive use were influential whilst the employment status of women held no consequence. CONCLUSIONS Rapid urbanization allied with growing wealth inequality and dietary alteration seems to have forced a change in the capacity of women in Bangladesh to control their weight. Additional information is still needed on such factors as the amount of time that women are inactive and sitting down, for example, as well as their daily calorie intake in order to assemble all the pieces for addressing necessary health policy changes in Bangladesh. These factors will also help to indicate a shift of focus from rural malnutrition to urban obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas
- Transport and Road Safety Research, University of New South Wales, Old Main Building (K15)-Floor 1, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Enamul Kabir
- School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
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14
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Lebel A, Subramanian SV, Hamel D, Gagnon P, Razak F. Population-level trends in the distribution of body mass index in Canada, 2000-2014. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2018; 109:539-548. [PMID: 29981102 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research studying population-level body mass index (BMI) trends document increases in mean or prevalence of overweight/obese but less consideration has been given to describing the changing distribution of BMI. The objective of this research was to perform a detailed analysis of changes in the BMI distribution in Canada. METHODS Using data from the CCHS (2000-2014), we analyzed distributional parameters of BMI for 492,886 adults aged 25-64 years. We further stratified these analyses for women and men, education level, and region of residence. RESULTS Mean BMI has increased for most subgroups of the Canadian population. Mean BMI values were higher for men, while standard deviation (SD) of the BMI distribution was systematically higher in women. Increases in mean BMI were accompanied with increases in SD of BMI across cycles. Across survey cycles, the 95th percentile increased more than 10 times more rapidly compared to the 5th percentile, showing a very unequal change between extreme values in the BMI distribution over time. There was a relationship between SD with BMI, but these relations were generally not different between educational categories and regions. This suggests that the growing inter-individual inequalities (i.e., dispersion) in BMI were not solely attributable to socioeconomic and demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that the simultaneous increases in mean BMI and SD of the BMI distribution are occurring, and suggests the need to move beyond the mean-centric paradigm when studying a complex public health phenomenon such as population change in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lebel
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, 2725, chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada. .,Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Laval University, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Quebec, Canada.
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denis Hamel
- Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Gagnon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, 2725, chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Fahad Razak
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Gradidge PJL, Norris SA, Munthali R, Crowther NJ. Influence of socioeconomic status on changes in body size and physical activity in ageing black South African women. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2018; 15:6. [PMID: 29725487 PMCID: PMC5921976 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-018-0196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan African women is not well understood, and black South African women in the region are particularly vulnerable. This study aimed to examine whether the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) is mediated by physical activity in ageing African women. Methods In a longitudinal analysis of the 518 caregivers associated with the Birth to Twenty Plus study, the role of SES associated with 10-year changes in BMI and WC was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The degree of mediation of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time in this association was also assessed. Results The prevalence of obesity increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (p < 0.0001). In the SEM models, baseline SES had a direct positive effect on changes in BMI (β, 95% CI, 0.02 (0.005 to 0.04), and a direct negative effect on changes in MVPA (β, 95% CI, - 3.81 (- 6.92 to - 0.70). Baseline MVPA had a direct negative effect (β, 95% CI, - 0.002 (- 0.003 to - 0.0003) and indirect positive effect via change in MVPA (β, 95% CI, 0.01 (0.0001 to 0.001) on change in WC. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the role and interaction of sociodemographic and behavioural predictors of obesity, and suggests a multifaceted approach to management of the crisis in communities of ageing urban African women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
- 1Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- 2MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Munthali
- 2MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- 3Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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White AH, James SA, Paulson SW, Beebe LA. Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among Adults With Children in the Home. Front Nutr 2018; 5:34. [PMID: 29780809 PMCID: PMC5945829 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB)s has been linked with adult and childhood obesity, an increasing health burden in the United States. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with the consumption of SSBs among Oklahoma adults with children in the home. Methods: A random sample of 1,118 Oklahoma adults with children in the home participated in a survey about their SSB consumption between August and October, 2015. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and examined the relationship between types of SSBs consumed and covariates of interest using logistic regression techniques appropriate for survey data. Outcome variables included three categories of SSB consumption: consuming ≥1 sugar-sweetened sodas daily, consuming ≥1 other SSBs daily, and total daily SSB consumption, defined as ≥1 SSB of any kind. Heavy consumers were those who drank ≥3 SSBs per day. Results: Almost half (44%) of adults with children in the home consumed ≥1 total SSBs daily; 29% consumed ≥1 sugar-sweetened sodas and 28% consumed ≥1 other SSBs not including soda daily. The odds of consuming ≥1 SSBs daily was four times higher among those with a high school education or less (AOR = 4.06, 95% CI = 2.34, 7.04); almost three times higher for those who perceived their diet as somewhat healthy, or not very healthy (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.27, 5.82), more than double among those aged 18-34 years (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.08, 5.40), and almost double among those who consume <8 cups of water daily (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.99). Conclusion: Because SSBs have been linked with obesity, understanding factors associated with consumption is important, especially among parents and caregivers of children. These findings have implications for developing and targeting messages to prevent SSB consumption among those most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley H White
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shirley A James
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sjonna W Paulson
- Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Laura A Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Wolf HT, Hegaard HK, Huusom LD, Pinborg AB. Multivitamin use and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:404.e1-404.e30. [PMID: 28377269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income countries, a healthy diet is widely accessible. However, a change toward a poor-quality diet with a low nutritional value in high-income countries has led to an inadequate vitamin intake during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between multivitamin use among women in high-income countries and the risk of adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth [primary outcome], low birthweight, small for gestational age, stillbirth, neonatal death, perinatal mortality, and congenital anomalies without further specification). STUDY DESIGN We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and CINAHL) from inception to June 17, 2016, using synonyms of pregnancy, study/trial type, and multivitamins. Eligible studies were all studies in high-income countries investigating the association between multivitamin use (3 or more vitamins or minerals in tablets or capsules) and adverse birth outcomes. We evaluated randomized, controlled trials using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Observational studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were applied on raw data for outcomes with data for at least 2 studies and were conducted using RevMan (version 5.3). Outcomes were pooled using the random-effect model. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Research, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS We identified 35 eligible studies including 98,926 women. None of the studies compared the use of folic acid and iron vs the use of multivitamins. The use of multivitamin did not change the risk of the primary outcome, preterm birth (relative risk, 0.84 [95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.03]). However, the risk of small for gestational age (relative risk, 0.77 [95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.93]), neural tube defects (relative risk, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.87]), cardiovascular defects (relative risk, 0.83 [95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.98]), urine tract defects (relative risk, 0.60 [95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.78]), and limb deficiencies (relative risk, 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.89]) was decreased. Of the 35 identified studies, only 4 were randomized, controlled trials. The degree of clinical evidence according to the Grades of Research, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was low or very low for all outcomes except for recurrence of neural tube defects in which a moderate degree of clinical evidence was found. CONCLUSION Routine multivitamin use in high-income countries can be recommended but with caution because of the low quality of evidence. Randomized, controlled trials or well-performed, large prospective cohort studies are needed.
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Matranga D, Tabacchi G, Cangialosi D. Sedentariness and weight status related to SES and family characteristics in Italian adults: exploring geographic variability through multilevel models. Scand J Public Health 2017; 46:548-556. [PMID: 28914177 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817729632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, our aim was to assess the prevalence of sedentariness and overweight/obesity, two modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and to investigate the geographic variability in their association with socio-economic status (SES) and family characteristics in Italian adults. METHODS The Multipurpose Survey on Health Conditions and the Recourse to Health Services (MSHC), 2012/2013 edition, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics was used as data source. The sample for this study included 99,479 interviewed people aged 18 and over, which are representative of about 50 million persons. For the scope of this analysis, data were considered as individuals nested within families within regions and analysed through multilevel models. RESULTS It was estimated that 39.8% of Italian adults are sedentary, 38.1% are partially active and 22.1% are physically active; 11.3% of Italian adults are obese and the 34.5% are overweight. There was evidence of inverse socio-economic gradient for both sedentariness and body mass index (BMI). There was higher risk of sedentariness for one-parent (odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.02; 1.20)) and other family types (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = (1.20; 1.48 )) compared with couples with children. Also, the relative variation of BMI was statistically significant for one-parent, one-person and other families ( p < 0.05). An increasing north-south gradient was suggested for BMI, but not for sedentariness. CONCLUSIONS Policy interventions could be addressed to reduce BMI levels in the southern area and to encourage physical activity in regions with high sedentariness. The Italian family is the key driver to promote virtuous healthy behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Matranga
- 1 Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D' Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- 1 Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D' Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ, Zeltser LM, Drewnowski A, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Leibel RL. Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:267-296. [PMID: 28898979 PMCID: PMC5546881 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates suggest that in the United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to one-third of total mortality, is concentrated among lower income groups, and increasingly affects children as well as adults. A lack of effective options for long-term weight reduction magnifies the enormity of this problem; individuals who successfully complete behavioral and dietary weight-loss programs eventually regain most of the lost weight. We included evidence from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological literature to assess current knowledge regarding mechanisms underlying excess body-fat accumulation, the biological defense of excess fat mass, and the tendency for lost weight to be regained. A major area of emphasis is the science of energy homeostasis, the biological process that maintains weight stability by actively matching energy intake to energy expenditure over time. Growing evidence suggests that obesity is a disorder of the energy homeostasis system, rather than simply arising from the passive accumulation of excess weight. We need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this "upward setting" or "resetting" of the defended level of body-fat mass, whether inherited or acquired. The ongoing study of how genetic, developmental, and environmental forces affect the energy homeostasis system will help us better understand these mechanisms and are therefore a major focus of this statement. The scientific goal is to elucidate obesity pathogenesis so as to better inform treatment, public policy, advocacy, and awareness of obesity in ways that ultimately diminish its public health and economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Lori M Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Eric Ravussin
- John S. McIlhenny Skeletal Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Leanne M Redman
- John S. McIlhenny Skeletal Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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Associations between frequency of food shopping at different store types and diet and weight outcomes: findings from the NEWPATH study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2268-77. [PMID: 26956712 PMCID: PMC4988268 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to: (i) examine associations between food store patronage and diet and weight-related outcomes; and (ii) explore consumer motivations for visiting different types of food store. Design A stratified probability sample of residents completed household and individual-level surveys in 2009/2010 on food purchasing patterns and motivations, dietary intake, waist circumference (WC), weight and height. Diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index for Canada from a subset of participants (n 1362). Generalized estimating equations were created in 2015 to examine how frequency of patronizing different types of food store was associated with diet quality, intake of fruits and vegetable, mean intake of energy (kcal) sodium and saturated fat, WC and BMI. Setting Three mid-sized urban municipalities in Ontario, Canada. Subjects A representative sample of residents (n 4574). Results Participants who shopped frequently at food co-ops had significantly better diet quality (β=5·3; 99 % CI 0·3, 10·2) than those who did not. BMI and WC were significantly lower among those who frequently shopped at specialty shops (BMI, β=−2·1; 99 % CI −3·0, −1·1; WC, β=−4·8; 99 % CI −7·0, −2·5) and farmers’ markets (BMI, β=−1·4; 99 % CI −2·3, −0·5; WC, β=−3·8; 99 % CI −6·0, −1·6) compared with those who did not. Relative importance of reasons for food outlet selection differed by large (price, food quality) v. small (proximity, convenient hours) shopping trip and by outlet type. Conclusions Findings contribute to our understanding of food store selection and have implications for potentially relevant retail food intervention settings.
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Body mass index cut-points to identify cardiometabolic risk in black South Africans. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:193-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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The burden and determinants of self-reported acute gastrointestinal illness in an Indigenous Batwa Pygmy population in southwestern Uganda. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:2287-98. [PMID: 25500189 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) is an important public health priority worldwide. Few studies have captured the burden of AGI in developing countries, and even fewer have focused on Indigenous populations. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and determinants of AGI within a Batwa Pygmy Indigenous population in southwestern Uganda. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2013 via a census of 10 Batwa communities (n = 583 participants). The AGI case definition included any self-reported symptoms of diarrhoea or vomiting in the past 2 weeks. The 14-day prevalence of AGI was 6·17% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4·2-8·1], corresponding to an annual incidence rate of 1·66 (95% CI 1·1-2·2) episodes of AGI per person-year. AGI prevalence was greatest in children aged <3 years (11·3%). A multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model controlling for clustering at the community level indicated that exposure to goats [odds ratio (OR) 2·6, 95% CI 1·0-6·8], being a child aged <3 years (OR 4·8, 95% CI 1·2-18·9), and being a child, adolescent or senior Batwa in the higher median of wealth (OR 7·0, 95% CI 3·9-9·2) were significantly associated with having AGI. This research represents the first Indigenous community-census level study of AGI in Uganda, and highlights the substantial burden of AGI within this population.
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