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Liu T, Wang X, Wang YM, Sui FR, Zhang XY, Liu HD, Ma DY, Liu XX, Guo SD. A comparative study of the hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of action of Laminaria japonica- and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:5955-5971. [PMID: 38738998 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of fucoidans exhibit species and regional diversity. Previous studies have demonstrated that Laminaria japonica- and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans have type I and type II fucosyl chains, respectively. These chemical differences may contribute to distinct hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of action. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the percentage contents of sulfate, glucuronic acid, and galactose were higher in L. japonica-derived fucoidans than those of A. nodosum-derived fucoidans. In hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, both A. nodosum- and L. japonica-derived fucoidans significantly decreased the plasma and hepatic levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, leading to the reduction of atherosclerotic plaques. Western blotting experiments demonstrated that these fucoidans significantly enhanced the expression and levels of scavenger receptor B type 1, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, contributing to circulating lipoprotein clearance and fatty acid degradation, respectively. Differentially, L. japonica-derived fucoidan significantly increased the LXR/ATP-binding cassette G8 signaling pathway in the small intestine, as revealed by real-time quantitative PCR, which may lead to further cholesterol and other lipid excretion. Collectively, these data are useful for understanding the hypolipidemic mechanisms of action of seaweed-derived fucoidans, and their potential application for the prevention and/or treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yan-Ming Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Feng-Rong Sui
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hai-Di Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Dong-Yue Ma
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
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Burkhardt P, Palma-Duran SA, Tuck ARR, Norgren K, Li X, Nikiforova V, Griffin JL, Munic Kos V. Environmental chemicals change extracellular lipidome of mature human white adipocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140852. [PMID: 38048832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain environmental chemicals affect the body's energy balance and are known as metabolism disrupting chemicals (MDCs). MDCs have been implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In contrast to their well-known impact on developing adipocytes, MDC effects leading to altered energy balance and development of insulin resistance in mature white adipocytes, constituents of adult adipose tissue, are largely unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of six well-established environmental MDCs (bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), triclosan (TCS), p,p-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (ppDDE), tributyltin chloride (TBT) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)) on mature human white adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. We aimed to identify biomarkers and sensitive endpoints of their metabolism disrupting effects. While most of the tested exposures had no effect on adipocyte glucose consumption, lipid storage and assessed gene expression endpoints, the highest concentration of triclosan affected the total lipid storage and adipocyte size, as well as glucose consumption and mRNA expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1, leptin and adiponectin. Additionally, an increased expression of adiponectin was observed with TPP and the positive control PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. In contrast, the lipidomic analysis of the cell culture medium after a 3-day exposure was extremely sensitive and revealed concentration-dependent changes in the extracellular lipidome of adipocytes exposed to nearly all studied chemicals. While some of the extracellular lipidome changes were specific for the MDC used, some effects were found common to several tested chemicals and included increases in lysophosphatidylcholines, glycerophospholipids and ceramides and a decrease in fatty acids, with possible implications in inflammation, lipid and glucose uptake. This study points to early signs of metabolic disruption and likely systemic effects of mature adipocyte exposure to environmental chemicals, as well as to the need to include lipidomic endpoints in the assessment of adverse effects of MDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Burkhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susana Alejandra Palma-Duran
- Metabolomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Food Science, Research Center in Food and Development A.C., Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Astrud R R Tuck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kalle Norgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Violetta Nikiforova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sun Y, Xu H, Li J, Peng M, Jia Z, Kong L, Zhang X, Shao S, Zhang W, Wang W. Genome-wide survey identifies TNNI2 as a target of KLF7 that inhibits chicken adipogenesis via downregulating FABP4. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194899. [PMID: 36410687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) negatively regulates adipocyte differentiation; however, the mechanism underlying its activity in mammals and birds remains poorly understood. To identify genome-wide KLF7-binding motifs in preadipocytes, we conducted a chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis of immortalized chicken preadipocytes (ICP2), which revealed 11,063 specific binding sites. Intergenic binding site analysis showed that KLF7 regulates several novel factors whose functions in chicken and mammal adipogenesis are underexplored. We identified a novel regulator, troponin I2 (TNNI2), which is positively regulated by KLF7. TNNI2 is downregulated during preadipocyte differentiation and acts as an adipogenic repressor at least in part by repressing FABP4 promoter activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that KLF7 functions through cis-regulation of TNNI2, which inhibits adipogenesis. Our findings not only provide the first genome-wide picture of KLF7 associations in preadipocytes but also identify a novel function of TNNI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Sun
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China.
| | - Hu Xu
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Jinwei Li
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Min Peng
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Ziqiu Jia
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Lingzhe Kong
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Shuli Shao
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
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Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Atherogenesis Induced by Low-Sodium Diet in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102023. [PMID: 36290746 PMCID: PMC9598599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of aerobic exercise training (AET) in the prevention of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and atherogenesis induced by severe low-sodium (LS) diet. LDL receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice were fed a low-sodium (LS) (0.15% NaCl) or normal-sodium (NS; 1.27% NaCl) diet, submitted to AET in a treadmill, 5 times/week, 60 min/day, 15 m/min, for 90 days, or kept sedentary. Blood pressure (BP), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations, lipoprotein profile, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated at the end of the AET protocol. Lipid infiltration, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), carboxymethyllysine (CML), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) contents as well as gene expression were determined in the brachiocephalic trunk. BP and TC and gene expression were similar among groups. Compared to the NS diet, the LS diet increased vascular lipid infiltration, CML, RAGE, 4-HNE, plasma TG, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-TG. Conversely, the LS diet reduced vascular AT1 receptor, insulin sensitivity, HDL-cholesterol, and HDL-TG. AET prevented arterial lipid infiltration; increases in CML, RAGE, and 4-HNE contents; and reduced AT1 levels and improved LS-induced peripheral IR. The current study showed that AET counteracted the deleterious effects of chronic LS diet in an atherogenesis-prone model by ameliorating peripheral IR, lipid infiltration, CML, RAGE, 4-HNE, and AT1 receptor in the intima-media of the brachiocephalic trunk. These events occurred independently of the amelioration of plasma-lipid profile, which was negatively affected by the severe dietary-sodium restriction.
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Liu Y, Le Y, Xu M, Wang W, Chen H, Zhang Q, Wang C. Remodeling on adipocytic physiology of organophosphorus esters in mature adipocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119287. [PMID: 35421551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emerging endocrine disruption chemicals organophosphate esters (OPEs) pose high risk of metabolic disruption. However, limited information is available on physiological disturbance of OPEs on adipose, a major endocrine and metabolic organ. In this study, physiological change was investigated after exposing 3T3-L1fully differentiated adipocytes to six OPEs at non-cytotoxic concentrations. We found two chlorinated-OPEs (tris-(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl) ethyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP)) and two alkyl-OPEs (tributyl phosphate (TBP) and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP)) induced inflammation-like adipokines (chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin-6), respectively. Increment of insulin-resistance-related hormones (resistin and leptin) were observed under TDCPP, TCPP, and TBP exposure. Functional and mechanistic investigation revealed that all of the compounds inhibited lipolysis at basal level through dephosphorylated HSLser563, the rate limiting enzyme of lipolysis. Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), TDCPP, TBP and TBEP enhanced glucose uptake at both basal and insulin-stimulated status. We evidenced that impact was independent of the classical pIRSser639/pAKTser473 nor the insulin-independent AMPK pathway. The elevated mRNA of slc2a4 and its transcriptional factor LXRα may, at least partially, explain for the increase of glucose uptake. Given the focus within the endocrine disruption on glands, it would be prudent not to ignore endocrinal impact on adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Le
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Xu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyue Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Cui Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Kim JN, Han SN, Kim HK. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Diabetic Effect of Black Soybean Anthocyanins: Data from a Dual Cooperative Cellular System. Molecules 2021; 26:3363. [PMID: 34199668 PMCID: PMC8199741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by elevated infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, leading to the development of insulin resistance. The black soybean seed coat is a rich source of anthocyanins with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effects of black soybean anthocyanin extract (BSAn) on obesity-induced oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and insulin resistance in a coculture system of hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264 macrophages. Coculture of adipocytes with macrophages increased the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators and cytokines (NO, MCP-1, PGE2, TNFα, and IL-6) and the release of free fatty acids but reduced anti-inflammatory adiponectin secretion. BSAn treatment (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) alleviated the coculture-induced changes (p < 0.001) and inhibited coculture-induced activation of JNK and ERK signaling (p < 0.01). BSAn also blocked the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages toward 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, treatment with BSAn increased PPARγ expression and glucose uptake in response to insulin in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocyte and RAW264.7 macrophage coculture (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that BSAn attenuates inflammatory responses and improves adipocyte metabolic function in the coculture of hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting the effectiveness of BSAn for obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nam Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
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Zakłos-Szyda M, Pietrzyk N, Szustak M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus L. Juice Phenolics Inhibit Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells Adipogenesis and Pancreatic Lipase Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072003. [PMID: 32640537 PMCID: PMC7400830 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viburnum opulus L. fruit is a rich source of phenolic compounds that may be involved in the prevention of metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Viburnum opulus fresh juice (FJ) and juice purified by solid-phase extraction (PJ) on the adipogenesis process with murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and pancreatic lipase activity in triolein emulsion, as well as their phenolic profiles by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Decrease of lipids and triacylglycerol accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were in concordance with downregulation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPβ/α), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). Furthermore, regulation of PPARγ-mediated β-lactamase expression by V. opulus components in reporter gene assay, as well as their binding affinity to ligand-binding domain of PPARγ, were tested. In addition, the levels of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, like fatty acid synthase (FAS) or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were decreased, along with inflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα), interleukin-6 (Il-6) and leptin. Moreover, FJ and PJ were able to inhibit pancreatic lipase, which potentially could reduce the fat absorption from the intestinal lumen and the storage of body fat in the adipose tissues. Thirty-two phenolic compounds with chlorogenic acid as the dominant compound were identified in PJ which revealed significant biological activity. These data contribute to elucidate V. opulus juice phenolic compounds’ molecular mechanism in adipogenesis regulation in 3T3-L1 cells and dietary fat lipolysis.
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Sun Y, Jin Z, Zhang X, Cui T, Zhang W, Shao S, Li H, Wang N. GATA Binding Protein 3 Is a Direct Target of Kruppel-Like Transcription Factor 7 and Inhibits Chicken Adipogenesis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:610. [PMID: 32587528 PMCID: PMC7298121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like transcription factor 7 (KLF7) is a negative regulator of adipogenesis, however, its precise mechanism is poorly understood. Our previous KLF7 ChIP-seq analysis showed that one of the KLF7 binding peaks was present upstream of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) in chicken preadipocytes. In the present study, we identified GATA3 as a target of KLF7. Overexpression analysis showed KLF7 markedly enhanced the endogenous expression of GATA3 in the immortalized chicken preadipcyte cell line (ICP2), and the luciferase reporter assay showed that KLF7 overexpression increased the reporter gene activity of the cloned upstream region (-5285/-4336 relative to the translation initiation codon ATG) of GATA3 in ICP2 and DF1 cells, and mutation of the putative KLF7 binding site abolished the promotive effect of KLF7 overexpression on the reporter gene activity of the cloned GATA3 upstream region. ChIP-qPCR further demonstrated that KLF7 directly bound to the GATA3 upstream region. Gene expression analysis showed that GATA3 mRNA expression in abdominal adipose tissue was significantly higher in lean chicken line than in the fat line at 2, 3, and 6 weeks of age. In addition, GATA3 mRNA expression markedly decreased during the preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, a functional study showed that GATA3 overexpression inhibited the differentiation of the ICP2 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that KLF7 inhibits chicken adipogenesis, at least in part through direct upregulation of GATA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Shuli Shao
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Estrogenic Compounds or Adiponectin Inhibit Cyclic AMP Response to Human Luteinizing Hormone in Mouse Leydig Tumor Cells. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020045. [PMID: 31212720 PMCID: PMC6627054 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse Leydig Tumor cells (mLTC), transiently expressing cAMP-dependent luciferase, were used to study the influence of sexual steroids and of adiponectin (ADPN) on the cAMP response to luteinizing hormones (LH). While testosterone and progesterone had no significant effect, several molecules with estrogenic activity (17β-estradiol, ethynylestradiol, and bisphenol A) provoked a decrease in intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation under 0.7 nM human LH stimulation. Adiponectin exhibited a bimodal dose-effect on LH response: synergistic between 2–125 ng/mL and inhibitory between 0.5–5 µg/mL. In brief, our data indicate that estrogens and ADPN separately exert rapid (<1 h) inhibitory and/or synergistic effects on cAMP response to LH in mLTC-1 cells. As the inhibitory effect of each estrogenic molecule was observed after only 1-h preincubation, it might be mediated through the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) membrane receptor, but this remains to be demonstrated. The synergistic effect with low concentrations of ADPN with human Luteinizing Hormone (hLH) was observed with both fresh and frozen/thawed ADPN. In contrast, the inhibitory effect with high concentrations of ADPN was lost with frozen/thawed ADPN, suggesting deterioration of its polymeric structure.
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Small molecules for fat combustion: targeting obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:220-236. [PMID: 30976490 PMCID: PMC6438825 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in an alarming rate worldwide, which causes higher risks of some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Current therapeutic approaches, either pancreatic lipase inhibitors or appetite suppressors, are generally of limited effectiveness. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige cells dissipate fatty acids as heat to maintain body temperature, termed non-shivering thermogenesis; the activity and mass of BAT and beige cells are negatively correlated with overweight and obesity. The existence of BAT and beige cells in human adults provides an effective weight reduction therapy, a process likely to be amenable to pharmacological intervention. Herein, we combed through the physiology of thermogenesis and the role of BAT and beige cells in combating with obesity. We summarized the thermogenic regulators identified in the past decades, targeting G protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, nuclear receptors and miscellaneous pathways. Advances in clinical trials were also presented. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge from the biological importance of thermogenesis in energy homeostasis to the representative thermogenic regulators for treating obesity. Thermogenic regulators might have a large potential for further investigations to be developed as lead compounds in fighting obesity.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALDH9, aldehyde dehydrogenase 9
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BA, bile acids
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMP8b, bone morphogenetic protein 8b
- Beige cells
- Brown adipose tissue
- C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α
- CLA, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
- CRABP-II, cellular RA binding protein type II
- CRE, cAMP response element
- Cidea, cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector A
- Dio2, iodothyronine deiodinase type 2
- ERE, estrogen response element
- ERs, estrogen receptors
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- HFD, high fat diet
- LXR, liver X receptors
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Obesity
- PDEs, phosphodiesterases
- PET-CT, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- PPREs, peroxisome proliferator response elements
- PRDM16, PR domain containing 16
- PTP1B, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RA, retinoic acid
- RAR, RA receptor
- RARE, RA response element
- RMR, resting metabolic rate
- RXR, retinoid X receptor
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SNS, sympathetic nervous system
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TMEM26, transmembrane protein 26
- TRPs, transient receptor potential cation channels
- Thermogenesis
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- Uncoupling protein 1
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- VDRE, VDR response elements
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- β3-AR, β3-adrenergic receptor
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Shoucri BM, Hung VT, Chamorro-García R, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Retinoid X Receptor Activation During Adipogenesis of Female Mesenchymal Stem Cells Programs a Dysfunctional Adipocyte. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2863-2883. [PMID: 29860300 PMCID: PMC6669823 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is an emerging risk factor for the development of obesity and diabetes later in life. We previously showed that prenatal exposure to the EDC tributyltin (TBT) results in increased adiposity in the offspring. These effects linger into adulthood and are propagated through successive generations. TBT activates two nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and its heterodimeric partner retinoid X receptor (RXR), that promote adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. We recently employed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model to show that TBT promotes adipose lineage commitment by activating RXR, not PPARγ. This led us to consider the functional consequences of PPARγ vs RXR activation in developing adipocytes. We used a transcriptomal approach to characterize genome-wide differences in MSCs differentiated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (ROSI) or TBT. Pathway analysis suggested functional deficits in TBT-treated cells. We then compared adipocytes differentiated with ROSI, TBT, or a pure RXR agonist IRX4204 (4204). Our data show that RXR activators ("rexinoids," 4204 and TBT) attenuate glucose uptake, blunt expression of the antidiabetic hormone adiponectin, and fail to downregulate proinflammatory and profibrotic transcripts, as does ROSI. Finally, 4204 and TBT treatment results in an inability to induce markers of adipocyte browning, in part due to sustained interferon signaling. Taken together, these data implicate rexinoids in the development of dysfunctional white adipose tissue that could potentially exacerbate obesity and/or diabetes risk in vivo. These data warrant further screening and characterization of EDCs that activate RXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M Shoucri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Victor T Hung
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Raquel Chamorro-García
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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12
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Metabolic Dysfunction and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061639. [PMID: 29865151 PMCID: PMC6032172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) probably caused, in most cases, by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This review first summarizes some clinical, epidemiological and pathological characteristics of MS. Then, the involvement of biochemical pathways is discussed in the development and repair of the CNS lesions and the immune dysfunction in the disease. Finally, the potential roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in MS are discussed. It is suggested that metabolic mechanisms modulated by PPAR provide a window to integrate the systemic and neurological events underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. In conclusion, the reviewed data highlight molecular avenues of understanding MS that may open new targets for improved therapies and preventive strategies for the disease.
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13
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Zheng J, Li Z, Manabe Y, Kim M, Goto T, Kawada T, Sugawara T. Siphonaxanthin, a Carotenoid From Green Algae, Inhibits Lipogenesis in Hepatocytes via the Suppression of Liver X Receptor α Activity. Lipids 2018; 53:41-52. [PMID: 29446839 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has shown an increasing morbidity in recent years. Here, we demonstrated that siphonaxanthin (SPX), a rare marine carotenoid, exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on aggravated hepatic lipogenesis in vitro and would be a promising candidate in the prevention and alleviation of NAFLD in the future. In this study, we conducted a preliminary assessment of the effect of SPX on hepatic lipogenesis by using the HepG2 cell line, derived from human liver cancer, as a model of the liver. SPX significantly suppressed the excess accumulation of triacylglycerol induced by liver X receptor α (LXRα) agonist by downregulating a nuclear transcription factor named sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and a set of related genes. Moreover, fatty acid translocase (CD36) and fatty acid-binding protein-1, which regulates fatty acid uptake, also exhibited significant decrease in transcriptional levels. Furthermore, we found that SPX blocked LXRα activation and would be a promising candidate for antagonist of LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zheng
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhuosi Li
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Chen C, Peng S, Chen F, Liu L, Li Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Protective effects of pioglitazone on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ in vitro. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1480-1487. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PIO, a synthetic ligand for PPARγ, is used clinically to treat T2DM. However, little is known about its protective effects on endothelium and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we sought to investigate the protective effects of PIO on endothelium and its probable mechanisms: 95% confluent wild type (WT) HUVECs and PPARγLow-HUVECs that we first injured with HG (33 mmol·L–1) were first pretreated with 10 μmol·L–1 of GW9662 for 30 min, and then treated the cells with different concentrations of PIO (5, 10, or 20 μmol·L–1) for 24 h. Finally, we measured the levels of NO, ET1, TNFα, and IL6 in the cell culture supernatant. These cells were then used to determine cell viability, caspase3 activity, the levels of IKKα/β mRNA, IKKα/β, and NFκB-p65. Severe dysfunction and activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling occurred after we exposed HUVECs to HG. Conversely, treatment with PIO significantly attenuated the dysfunction and the activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling induced by HG in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the protective effects of PIO were completely abrogated by GW9662 or down-regulation of PPARγ. Taken together, the results indicate that PIO protects HUVECs against the HG-induced dysfunction through the inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Peng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhouxue Li
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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Mohammadi A, Fallah H, Shahouzehi B, Najafipour H. miR-33 inhibition attenuates the effect of liver X receptor agonist T0901317 on expression of liver X receptor alpha in mice liver. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2017; 13:257-263. [PMID: 29643920 DOI: pmid/29643920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs play pivotal roles in metabolism and other aspects of cell biology. microRNA-33 and liver X receptor (LXR) affect lipid metabolism and cholesterol trafficking. In this study, we evaluated effects of co-administration of miR-33 inhibitor and LXR activator on LXR-α and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in mice liver. METHODS Twenty-four mice were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6). Group 1 mice received standard chow diet without any treatment, group 2 received 30 mg/kg/48 hour LXR agonist (T0901317), group 3 received 1 mg/kg/48 hour in vivo locked nucleic acids (LNA) anti-miR-33 and group 4 received both T0901317 and in vivo LNA anti-miR-33. All treatments were administrated through intraperitoneal injection (IP). After 7 days and at the end of the study, mice were sacrificed, liver tissues were excised and blood samples were collected. LXR-α and ABCA1 genes and protein expression were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS LXR activation caused LXR-α and ABCA1 mRNA (P < 0.050) and protein elevation as compared to control (P < 0.001). miR-33 inhibition attenuates T0901317 effect on LXR-α expression in group IV. Co-administration of T0901317 and anti-miR-33 remarkably elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, compared to control group (P = 0.001). Separate administration of T0901317 and anti-miR-33 also elevated HDL-C levels (P < 0.010). CONCLUSION Co-administration of T0901317 and anti-miR-33 can be considered as a good therapeutic alternative for atherosclerosis because miR-33 inhibition reduced lipogenic effects of LXR-α activator and also helps LXR-α agonist to increase reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and also HDL-C as antiatherogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mohammadi
- Professor, Physiology Research Center AND Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman AND Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Assistant Professor, Physiology Research Center AND Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Beydolah Shahouzehi
- Physiology Research Center AND Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Professor, Physiology Research Center AND Department of Physiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Zhang XZ, Imachi H, Lyu JY, Fukunaga K, Sato S, Ibata T, Kobayashi T, Yoshimoto T, Kikuchi F, Dong T, Murao K. Prolactin regulatory element-binding protein is involved in suppression of the adiponectin gene in vivo. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:437-445. [PMID: 27914036 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolactin regulatory element-binding protein (PREB), a member of the WD-repeat protein family, has been recognized as a transcriptional factor that regulates prolactin promoter activity in the anterior pituitary of rats. PREB is expressed not only in the pituitary but also in various other tissues, including the adipose tissue. Previous studies have shown that PREB acts as a transcriptional regulator and suppresses the expression of the adiponectin gene in cultured 3T3L1 preadipocytes. The aim of this study was to further examine the potential role of PREB in adipose tissue in vivo. METHODS Transgenic mice that overexpressing PREB (PREB transgenic mice) were generated. Insulin resistance was evaluated in PREB transgenic mice using glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Adiponectin expression in the adipose tissue was examined by western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) and adiponectin receptor 2(ADIPOR2) were quantified by qPCR. RESULTS Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed insulin resistance in PREB transgenic mice. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were decreased. Adiponectin gene expression was decreased in the adipose tissue, which was confirmed by the downregulation of the adiponectin-dependent hepatic Scd gene and upregulation of the ADIPOR2 gene in the liver of PREB transgenic mice. We also found that pioglitazone, an agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-r, improved the insulin resistance in the PREB transgenic mice after a 10-day feeding period. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that PREB might contribute to the regulation of adiponectin gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan.
| | - H Imachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - J Y Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - K Fukunaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - T Ibata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - T Yoshimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - F Kikuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - T Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - K Murao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, ikenobe, Miki-CHO, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
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17
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Dong Y, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Yin X, Lin X, Li H, Zheng F. Impaired adipose expansion caused by liver X receptor activation is associated with insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:141-154. [PMID: 28258092 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXR) are deemed as potential drug targets for atherosclerosis, whereas a role in adipose tissue expansion and its relation to insulin sensitivity remains unclear. To assess the metabolic effects of LXR activation by the dual LXRα/β agonist T0901317, C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with T0901317 (30 mg/kg once daily by intraperitoneal injection) for 3 weeks. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used for analysing the effect of T0901317 on glucose uptake. The following results were obtained from this study. T0901317 reduced fat mass, accompanied by a massive fatty liver and lower serum adipokine levels in HFD mice. Increased adipocyte apoptosis was found in epididymal fat of T0901317-treated HFD mice. In addition, T0901317 treatment promoted basal lipolysis, but blunted the anti-lipolytic action of insulin. Furthermore, LXR activation antagonised PPARγ target genes in epididymal fat and PPARγ-PPRE-binding activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Although the glucose tolerance was comparable to that in HFD mice, the insulin response during IPGTT was significantly higher and the insulin tolerance was significantly impaired in T0901317-treated HFD mice, indicating decreased insulin sensitivity by T0901317 administration, and which was further supported by impaired insulin signalling found in epididymal fat and decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by T0901317 administration. In conclusion, these findings reveal that LXR activation impairs adipose expansion by increasing adipocyte apoptosis, lipolysis and antagonising PPARγ-mediated transcriptional activity, which contributes to decreased insulin sensitivity in whole body. The potential of LXR activation being a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis might be limited by the possibility of exacerbating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Dong
- Department of EndocrinologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiye Xu
- Department of EndocrinologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyao Yin
- Department of EndocrinologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of EndocrinologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of EndocrinologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Korach-André M, Gustafsson JÅ. Liver X receptors as regulators of metabolism. Biomol Concepts 2016; 6:177-90. [PMID: 25945723 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver X receptors (LXR) are crucial regulators of metabolism. After ligand binding, they regulate gene transcription and thereby mediate changes in metabolic pathways. Modulation of LXR and their downstream targets has appeared to be a promising treatment for metabolic diseases especially atherosclerosis and cholesterol metabolism. However, the complexity of LXR action in various metabolic tissues and the liver side effect of LXR activation have slowed down the interest for LXR drugs. In this review, we summarized the role of LXR in the main metabolically active tissues with a special focus on obesity and associated diseases in mammals. We will also discuss the dual interplay between the two LXR isoforms suggesting that they may collaborate to establish a fine and efficient system for the maintenance of metabolism homeostasis.
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Yuan HF, Niu XL, Gao DF, Hao GH, Song AQ, Wei J. Expression of p-PPARγ in the aging thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rat and inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.201414b416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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