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Wang H, Wen L, Jiang F, Ren P, Yang Y, Song S, Yang Z, Wang Y. A comprehensive review of advances in hepatocyte microencapsulation: selecting materials and preserving cell viability. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385022. [PMID: 38694507 PMCID: PMC11061843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver failure represents a critical medical condition with a traditionally grim prognosis, where treatment options have been notably limited. Historically, liver transplantation has stood as the sole definitive cure, yet the stark disparity between the limited availability of liver donations and the high demand for such organs has significantly hampered its feasibility. This discrepancy has necessitated the exploration of hepatocyte transplantation as a temporary, supportive intervention. In light of this, our review delves into the burgeoning field of hepatocyte transplantation, with a focus on the latest advancements in maintaining hepatocyte function, co-microencapsulation techniques, xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation, and the selection of materials for microencapsulation. Our examination of hepatocyte microencapsulation research highlights that, to date, most studies have been conducted in vitro or using liver failure mouse models, with a notable paucity of experiments on larger mammals. The functionality of microencapsulated hepatocytes is primarily inferred through indirect measures such as urea and albumin production and the rate of ammonia clearance. Furthermore, research on the mechanisms underlying hepatocyte co-microencapsulation remains limited, and the practicality of xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation requires further validation. The potential of hepatocyte microencapsulation extends beyond the current scope of application, suggesting a promising horizon for liver failure treatment modalities. Innovations in encapsulation materials and techniques aim to enhance cell viability and function, indicating a need for comprehensive studies that bridge the gap between small-scale laboratory success and clinical applicability. Moreover, the integration of bioengineering and regenerative medicine offers novel pathways to refine hepatocyte transplantation, potentially overcoming the challenges of immune rejection and ensuring the long-term functionality of transplanted cells. In conclusion, while hepatocyte microencapsulation and transplantation herald a new era in liver failure therapy, significant strides must be made to translate these experimental approaches into viable clinical solutions. Future research should aim to expand the experimental models to include larger mammals, thereby providing a clearer understanding of the clinical potential of these therapies. Additionally, a deeper exploration into the mechanisms of cell survival and function within microcapsules, alongside the development of innovative encapsulation materials, will be critical in advancing the field and offering new hope to patients with liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lebin Wen
- Department of Thyroid, Sichuan Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengdi Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyu Ren
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhengteng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Yuan X, Wu J, Sun Z, Cen J, Shu Y, Wang C, Li H, Lin D, Zhang K, Wu B, Dhawan A, Zhang L, Hui L. Preclinical efficacy and safety of encapsulated proliferating human hepatocyte organoids in treating liver failure. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:484-498.e5. [PMID: 38458193 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Alginate-encapsulated hepatocyte transplantation is a promising strategy to treat liver failure. However, its clinical application was impeded by the lack of primary human hepatocytes and difficulty in controlling their quality. We previously reported proliferating human hepatocytes (ProliHHs). Here, quality-controlled ProliHHs were produced in mass and engineered as liver organoids to improve their maturity. Encapsulated ProliHHs liver organoids (eLO) were intraperitoneally transplanted to treat liver failure animals. Notably, eLO treatment increased the survival of mice with post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and ameliorated hyperammonemia and hypoglycemia by providing liver functions. Additionally, eLO treatment protected the gut from PHLF-augmented permeability and normalized the increased serum endotoxin and inflammatory response, which facilitated liver regeneration. The therapeutic effect of eLO was additionally proved in acetaminophen-induced liver failure. Furthermore, we performed assessments of toxicity and biodistribution, demonstrating that eLO had no adverse effects on animals and remained non-tumorigenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongni Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Dhawan Lab at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ludi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Win SY, Chavalitsarot M, Eawsakul K, Ongtanasup T, Nasongkla N. Encapsulation of Cyclosporine A-Loaded PLGA Nanospheres in Alginate Microbeads for Anti-Inflammatory Application. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6901-6911. [PMID: 38371838 PMCID: PMC10870416 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The controlled release of cyclosporine A (CsA) microencapsulated in alginate microbeads is a novel drug delivery system for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study, CsA-loaded nanospheres encapsulated in alginate microbeads were applied to evaluate their controlled release profile and anti-inflammatory activity. Initially, a controlled-release drug delivery system was created by encapsulating CsA-loaded PLGA nanospheres within alginate microbeads. CsA-loaded PLGA nanospheres had a diameter of 418.70 ± 59.08 nm, a zeta potential of -22 ± 0.57 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.517 ± 0.010. CsA-loaded nanosphere-encapsulated alginate microbeads were stable for 37 days. After encapsulating CsA-loaded PLGA nanospheres in the alginate microbeads, 5.60% of CsA was released after 24 h, and approximately 85.90% of the drugs were diffused until day 64. The cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of the CsA released from the microbeads were evaluated in vitro using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells). CsA-loaded nanosphere-encapsulated alginate microbeads inhibited 39.47 ± 1.71% of nitric oxide production from the RAW 264.7 cells on day 3, whereas nanosphere-encapsulated alginate microbeads inhibited 18.45 ± 1.56% only. CsA released from CsA-loaded nanosphere-encapsulated alginate microbeads had a RAW cell viability of 82.73 ± 5.58% on day 3 compared to 87.59 ± 0.69% of nanosphere-encapsulated alginate microbeads. The efficacy of the CsA-loaded nanosphere-encapsulated alginate microbeads in protecting the immune system via a controlled drug delivery system was established through anti-inflammatory and cell viability evaluation. Based on this research, the controlled release of CsA-loaded nanosphere-encapsulated alginate microbeads provides an innovative treatment for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yee Win
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Thailand
Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thailand
International Cooperation Agency (TICA), Thungsonghong Laksi District, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Chavalitsarot
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Komgrit Eawsakul
- Department
of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Ongtanasup
- Department
of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Kasturi M, Mathur V, Gadre M, Srinivasan V, Vasanthan KS. Three Dimensional Bioprinting for Hepatic Tissue Engineering: From In Vitro Models to Clinical Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:21-52. [PMID: 37882981 PMCID: PMC10764711 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of organ transplantation holds its own demerits. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro liver model that mimics the native microenvironment. The developed model should be a reliable to understand the pathogenesis, screen drugs and assist to repair and replace the damaged liver. The three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising technology that recreates in vivo alike in vitro model for transplantation, which is the goal of tissue engineers. The technology has great potential due to its precise control and its ability to homogeneously distribute cells on all layers in a complex structure. This review gives an overview of liver tissue engineering with a special focus on 3D bioprinting and bioinks for liver disease modelling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kasturi
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vidhi Mathur
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varadharajan Srinivasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kirthanashri S Vasanthan
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Rodriguez-Fernandez J, Garcia-Legler E, Villanueva-Badenas E, Donato MT, Gomez-Ribelles JL, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Gallego-Ferrer G, Tolosa L. Primary human hepatocytes-laden scaffolds for the treatment of acute liver failure. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213576. [PMID: 37566937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based liver therapies based on retrieving and steadying failed metabolic function(s) for acute and chronic diseases could be a valuable substitute for liver transplants, even though they are limited by the low engraftment capability and reduced functional quality of primary human hepatocytes (PHH). In this paper we propose the use of gelatin-hyaluronic acid (Gel-HA) scaffolds seeded with PHH for the treatment of liver failure. We first optimized the composition using Gel-HA hydrogels, looking for the mechanical properties closer to the human liver and determining HepG2 cells functionality. Gel-HA scaffolds with interconnected porosity (pore size 102 μm) were prepared and used for PHH culture and evaluation of key hepatic functions. PHH cultured in Gel-HA scaffolds exhibited increased albumin and urea secretion and metabolic capacity (CYP and UGT activity levels) compared to standard monolayer cultures. The transplant of the scaffold containing PHH led to an improvement in liver function (transaminase levels, necrosis) and ameliorated damage in a mouse model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver failure. The study provided a mechanistic understanding of APAP-induced liver injury and the impact of transplantation by analyzing cytokine production and oxidative stress induction to find suitable biomarkers of cell therapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Emma Garcia-Legler
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Estela Villanueva-Badenas
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia 46026, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - M Teresa Donato
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia 46026, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Gomez-Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain; Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria Gallego-Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia 46026, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
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Fitzpatrick E, Filippi C, Jagadisan B, Shivapatham D, Anand H, Lyne M, Stroud KD, Newton R, DeLord M, Douiri A, Dhawan A. Intraperitoneal transplant of Hepatocytes co-Encapsulated with mesenchymal stromal cells in modified alginate microbeads for the treatment of acute Liver failure in Pediatric patients (HELP)-An open-label, single-arm Simon's two stage phase 1 study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288185. [PMID: 37490429 PMCID: PMC10368261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) carries a high mortality without liver transplantation (LT) in children. Liver transplantation, though lifesaving, is limited by timely donor organ availability, the risks of major surgery and complications of life-long immunosuppression. Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) improves synthetic and detoxification functions in small animal models. The encapsulation of hepatocytes in alginate protects it from the recipient immune system while the intraperitoneal route of administration allows large volumes to be infused. The safety and possibly short-term efficacy of encapsulated hepatocytes has been observed in a named patient use. A novel type of microbeads (HMB002) has been developed, using a modified alginate and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Its safety and medium-term efficacy need to be studied in the context of clinical study while optimizing the hepatocyte function and viability using modifications of the alginate and MSCs co-encapsulation. METHODS A single centre, non-randomised, open-label, single-arm Simon's two stage study will be conducted to evaluate the safety, biological activity and tolerability of transplantation of a single intraperitoneal dose of microbeads made from an optimum combination of a modified alginate, MSCs and hepatocytes in 17 patients less than 16 years of age with acute liver failure (Stage 1: 9 patients and Stage 2: 8 patient). Safety will be assessed by documenting moderate to severe (including life threatening and death) adverse events due to HMB002 in the first 52 weeks post-procedure. Tolerability will be assessed by observing the proportion of initiated infusions where >80% of infusion is received by the patient. Biological activity will be reflected in patient survival with native liver at 24 weeks post treatment. DISCUSSION HMB002, if safe and efficacious in acute liver failure, could be a bridge until the liver regenerates or a suitable organ becomes available. There are multiple advantages to using HT. HT, when delivered by the intraperitoneal route, is less invasive than LT. Hepatocytes from a single donor liver can be used to treat multiple patients. Cryopreserved cells provide an off-the-shelf emergency treatment in PALF. When encapsulated, alginate encapsulation of hepatocytes precludes the need for immunosuppression unlike in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Fitzpatrick
- Pediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Centre and Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Filippi
- Pediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Centre and Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barath Jagadisan
- Pediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Centre and Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dharshene Shivapatham
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanish Anand
- Pediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Centre and Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Lyne
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine-Daisy Stroud
- Pediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Centre and Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Newton
- King's Health Partners Clinical Trials Office, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc DeLord
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Pediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Centre and Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Aasadollahei N, Rezaei N, Golroo R, Agarwal T, Vosough M, Piryaei A. Bioengineering liver microtissues for modeling non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:367-391. [PMID: 37223084 PMCID: PMC10201011 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the world's most common chronic liver disease. However, due to the lack of reliable in vitro NAFLD models, drug development studies have faced many limitations, and there is no food and drug administration-approved medicine for NAFLD treatment. A functional biomimetic in vitro human liver model requires an optimized natural microenvironment using appropriate cellular composition, to provide constructive cell-cell interactions, and niche-specific bio-molecules to supply crucial cues as cell-matrix interplay. Such a suitable liver model could employ appropriate and desired biochemical, mechanical, and physical properties similar to native tissue. Moreover, bioengineered three-dimensional tissues, specially microtissues and organoids, and more recently using infusion-based cultivation systems such as microfluidics can mimic natural tissue conditions and facilitate the exchange of nutrients and soluble factors to improve physiological function in the in vitro generated constructs. This review highlights the key players involved in NAFLD initiation and progression and discussed the available cells and matrices for in vitro NAFLD modeling. The strategies for optimizing the liver microenvironment to generate a powerful and biomimetic in vitro NAFLD model were described as well. Finally, the current challenges and future perospective for promotion in this subject were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Aasadollahei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rezaei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Golroo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hussein M, Pasqua M, Pereira U, Benzoubir N, Duclos-Vallée JC, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Legallais C, Messina A. Microencapsulated Hepatocytes Differentiated from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Optimizing 3D Culture for Tissue Engineering Applications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060865. [PMID: 36980206 PMCID: PMC10047414 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cell therapy and in vitro models require functional human hepatocytes, the sources of which are considerably limited. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent a promising and unlimited source of differentiated human hepatocytes. However, when obtained in two-dimensional (2D) cultures these hepatocytes are not fully mature and functional. As three-dimensional culture conditions offer advantageous strategies for differentiation, we describe here a combination of three-dimensional (3D) approaches enabling the successful differentiation of functional hepatocytes from hiPSCs by the encapsulation of hiPSC-derived hepatoblasts in alginate beads of preformed aggregates. The resulting encapsulated and differentiated hepatocytes (E-iHep-Orgs) displayed a high level of albumin synthesis associated with the disappearance of α-fetoprotein (AFP) synthesis, thus demonstrating that the E-iHep-Orgs had reached a high level of maturation, similar to that of adult hepatocytes. Gene expression analysis by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence confirmed this maturation. Further functional assessments demonstrated their enzymatic activities, including lactate and ammonia detoxification, as well as biotransformation activities of Phase I and Phase II enzymes. This study provides proof of concept regarding the benefits of combining three-dimensional techniques (guided aggregation and microencapsulation) with liver differentiation protocols as a robust approach to generate mature and functional hepatocytes that offer a permanent and unlimited source of hepatocytes. Based on these encouraging results, our combined conditions to produce mature hepatocytes from hiPSCs could be extended to liver tissue engineering and bioartificial liver (BAL) applications at the human scale for which large biomasses are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hussein
- UMR_S 1193, INSERM/Université Paris Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Mattia Pasqua
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Sorbonne Universités, F-60203 Compiegne, France
| | - Ulysse Pereira
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Sorbonne Universités, F-60203 Compiegne, France
| | - Nassima Benzoubir
- UMR_S 1193, INSERM/Université Paris Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
- UMR_S 1193, INSERM/Université Paris Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- UMR_S 1193, INSERM/Université Paris Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Cecile Legallais
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Sorbonne Universités, F-60203 Compiegne, France
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- UMR_S 1193, INSERM/Université Paris Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (A.M.)
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9
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Zahmatkesh E, Khoshdel Rad N, Hossein-Khannazer N, Mohamadnejad M, Gramignoli R, Najimi M, Malekzadeh R, Hassan M, Vosough M. Cell and cell-derivative-based therapy for liver diseases: current approaches and future promises. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:237-249. [PMID: 36692130 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2172398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the recent updates from World Health Organization, liver diseases are the 12th most common cause of mortality. Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective and the only treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Owing to several shortcomings like finite numbers of healthy organ donors, lifelong immunosuppression, and complexity of the procedure, cell and cell-derivatives therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative for liver diseases. Various cell types and therapies have been proposed and their therapeutic effects evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies, including hepatocytes, hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from stem cells, human liver stem cells (HLSCs), combination therapies with various types of cells, organoids, and implantable cell-biomaterial constructs with synthetic and natural polymers or even decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM). AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlighted the current status of cell and cell-derivative-based therapies for liver diseases. Furthermore, we discussed future prospects of using HLCs, liver organoids, and their combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Promising application of stem cell-based techniques including iPSC technology has been integrated into novel techniques such as gene editing, directed differentiation, and organoid technology. iPSCs offer promising prospects to represent novel therapeutic strategies and modeling liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohamadnejad
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Abolhassani S, Hossein-Aghdaei M, Geramizadeh B, Azarpira N, Koohpeyma F, Gholami M, Alizadeh A. Primary hepatocyte urea assessment in the sodium-alginate patterned hydrogel by electrochemical procedure containing umbilical cord conditioned media. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1470-1485. [PMID: 36318091 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Limitations in liver transplantation and advances in cell therapy methods motivated us to study primary hepatocytes. The main challenge in using primary hepatocytes for liver regeneration is that they lose their functionalities. We aimed to develop a controlled-shape hydrogel and apply the conditioned-media of mesenchymal stromal cells (CM-MSCs) to improve in vitro hepatocyte functions. In this experimental study, following rat hepatocyte isolation by collagenase perfusion and collection of human umbilical cord CM-MSCs, a simple and precise system called electrodeposition was used to produce the patterned alginate hydrogel. To reduce the cytopathic effects, we used an indirect electrodeposition method. For characterizing this structure, mechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water uptake, in-vitro degradation, and hydrogel stability were studied. Urea synthesis as a basic function of hepatocytes was assessed in five different groups. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to evaluate the primary hepatocyte morphology and their dispersion in the fabricated structure. We observed a significant increase in urea synthesis in the presence of CM-MSCs in patterned hydrogel alginate compared to 2D culture on day 3 (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in simple and patterned hydrogel on day 2. We found that the electrodeposition method is appropriate for the rapid fabricating of hydrogel structures with arbitrary patterns for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Abolhassani
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, 226722Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, 226722Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrine and metabolism Research Center, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Gholami
- Transplant Research Center, 226722Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Le Guilcher C, Merlen G, Dellaquila A, Labour MN, Aid R, Tordjmann T, Letourneur D, Simon-Yarza T. Engineered human liver based on pullulan-dextran hydrogel promotes mice survival after liver failure. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100554. [PMID: 36756209 PMCID: PMC9900439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering approaches aim to support drug testing, assistance devices, or transplantation. However, their suitability for clinical application remains unsatisfactory. Herein, we demonstrate the beneficial and biocompatible use of porous pullulan-dextran hydrogel for the self-assembly of hepatocytes and biliary-like cells into functional 3D microtissues. Using HepaRG cells, we obtained 21 days maintenance of engineered liver polarity, functional detoxification and excretion systems, as well as glycogen storage in hydrogel. Implantation on two liver lobes in mice of hydrogels containing 3800 HepaRG 3D structures of 100 μm in diameter, indicated successful engraftment and no signs of liver toxicity after one month. Finally, after acetaminophen-induced liver failure, when mice were transplanted with engineered livers on left lobe and peritoneal cavity, the survival rate at 7 days significantly increased by 31.8% compared with mice without cell therapy. These findings support the clinical potential of pullulan-dextran hydrogel for liver failure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Le Guilcher
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Grégory Merlen
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, F- 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Labour
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F- 34293 Montpellier, France,École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Rachida Aid
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
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12
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Lu T, Xia B, Chen G. Advances in polymer-based cell encapsulation and its applications in tissue repair. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3325. [PMID: 36651921 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation is a more widely accepted area of biological encapsulation. In most cases, it involves fixing cells in polymer scaffolds or semi-permeable hydrogel capsules, providing the environment for protecting cells, allowing the exchange of nutrients and oxygen, and protecting cells against the attack of the host immune system by preventing the entry of antibodies and cytotoxic immune cells. Hydrogel encapsulation provides a three-dimensional (3D) environment similar to that experienced in vivo, so it can maintain normal cellular functions to produce tissues similar to those in vivo. Embedded cells can be genetically modified to release specific therapeutic products directly at the target site, thereby eliminating the side effects of systemic treatments. Cellular microcarriers need to meet many extremely high standards regarding their biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, immunoseparation capacity, transport, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this article, we discuss the biopolymer gels used in tissue engineering applications and the brief introduction of cell encapsulation for therapeutic protein production. Also, we review polymer biomaterials and methods for preparing cell microcarriers for biomedical applications. At the same time, in order to improve the application performance of cell microcarriers in vivo, we also summarize the main limitations and improvement strategies of cell encapsulation. Finally, the main applications of polymer cell microcarriers in regenerative medicine are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangfang Lu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobao Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Kalhori D, Zakeri N, Azarpira N, Fanian M, Solati-Hashjin M. Chitosan-Coated-Alginate encapsulation of HepG2 cells for enhanced cellular functions. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2162414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianoosh Kalhori
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Zakeri
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Fanian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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14
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Xie X, Zhou X, Liu T, Zhong Z, Zhou Q, Iqbal W, Xie Q, Wei C, Zhang X, Chang TMS, Sun P. Direct Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to 3D Functional Hepatocyte-like Cells in Alginate Microencapsulation Sphere. Cells 2022; 11:3134. [PMID: 36231094 PMCID: PMC9562699 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of a stable source of hepatocytes is one of major limitations in hepatocyte transplantation and clinical applications of a bioartificial liver. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with a high degree of self-renewal and totipotency are a potentially limitless source of a variety of cell lineages, including hepatocytes. Many techniques have been developed for effective differentiation of hESCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells. However, the application of hESC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (hESC-Heps) in the clinic has been constrained by the low yield of fully differentiated cells, small-scale culture, difficulties in harvesting, and immunologic graft rejection. To resolve these shortcomings, we developed a novel 3D differentiation system involving alginate-microencapsulated spheres to improve current hepatic differentiation, providing ready-to-use hESC-Heps. METHODS In this study, we used alginate microencapsulation technology to differentiate human embryonic stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells (hESC-Heps). Hepatic markers of hESC-Heps were examined by qPCR and Western blotting, and hepatic functions of hESC-Heps were evaluated by indocyanine-green uptake and release, and ammonia removal. RESULTS The maturity and hepatic functions of the hESC-Heps derived from this 3D system were better than those derived from 2D culture. Hepatocyte-enriched genes, such as HNF4α, AFP, and ALB, were expressed at higher levels in 3D hESC-Heps than in 2D hESC-Heps. 3D hESC-Heps could metabolize indocyanine green and had better capacity to scavenge ammonia. In addition, the 3D sodium alginate hydrogel microspheres could block viral entry into the microspheres, and thus protect hESC-Heps in 3D microspheres from viral infection. CONCLUSION We developed a novel 3D differentiation system for differentiating hESCs into hepatocyte-like cells by using alginate microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Chaozhou Health Vocational College, Chaozhou 521000, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Tingdang Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhong
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Waqas Iqbal
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingdong Xie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chiju Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Thomas Ming Swi Chang
- Artificial Cells & Organs Research Centre, Departments of Physiology, Medicine & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Pingnan Sun
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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15
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Cardoso LMDF, Barreto T, Gama JFG, Alves LA. Natural Biopolymers as Additional Tools for Cell Microencapsulation Applied to Cellular Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132641. [PMID: 35808686 PMCID: PMC9268758 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the limitations in organ, tissue or cellular transplantations is graft rejection. To minimize or prevent this, recipients must make use of immunosuppressive drugs (IS) throughout their entire lives. However, its continuous use generally causes several side effects. Although some IS dose reductions and withdrawal strategies have been employed, many patients do not adapt to these protocols and must return to conventional IS use. Therefore, many studies have been carried out to offer treatments that may avoid IS administration in the long term. A promising strategy is cellular microencapsulation. The possibility of microencapsulating cells originates from the opportunity to use biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix. This matrix acts as a support for cell adhesion and the syntheses of new extracellular matrix self-components followed by cell growth and survival. Furthermore, by involving the cells in a polymeric matrix, the matrix acts as an immunoprotective barrier, protecting cells against the recipient’s immune system while still allowing essential cell survival molecules to diffuse bilaterally through the polymer matrix pores. In addition, this matrix can be associated with IS, thus diminishing systemic side effects. In this context, this review will address the natural biomaterials currently in use and their importance in cell therapy.
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16
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In-vitro and in-vivo biocompatibility of dECM-alginate as a promising candidate in cell delivery for kidney regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:616-625. [PMID: 35577186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, kidney decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and alginate (ALG) hybrid injectable hydrogel, with the purpose of delivering progenitor cells for tissue engineering, were prepared by using a physical crosslinking method in a CaCl2 solution with high porosity for the exchange of nutrition and waste. In addition, the physical appearance and surface morphology of the hydrogel were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The functional groups of the dECM/ALG xerogels was examined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of dECM/ALG xerogels was examined in-vitro using renal progenitor cells obtained from adult rat kidney. Enhanced biocompatibility and significant hemostatic behavior was noticed. Furthermore, the in-vivo biocompatibility of dECM/ALG hydrogel with progenitor cells was determined in the deep renal cortex for 7 and 21 days, in order to assess the foreign body reaction and inflammatory response. Early-stage glomerulus-like structure and dense linear cell network-like phenomenon were noticed. Loading of progenitor cells together with hydrogel enhances the cell density obviously due to cell migration from host and form a pattern. The desired early stage in-vivo response to progenitor cell-laden dECM/ALG hydrogel plays a potential role in kidney regeneration long term.
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17
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Syanda AM, Kringstad VI, Blackford SJI, Kjesbu JS, Ng SS, Ma L, Xiao F, Coron AE, Rokstad AMA, Modi S, Rashid ST, Strand BL. Sulfated Alginate Reduces Pericapsular Fibrotic Overgrowth on Encapsulated cGMP-Compliant hPSC-Hepatocytes in Mice. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:816542. [PMID: 35308825 PMCID: PMC8928731 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.816542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-peritoneal placement of alginate encapsulated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-Heps) represents a potential new bridging therapy for acute liver failure. One of the rate-limiting steps that needs to be overcome to make such a procedure more efficacious and safer is to reduce the accumulation of fibrotic tissue around the encapsulated cells to allow the free passage of relevant molecules in and out for metabolism. Novel chemical compositions of alginate afford the possibility of achieving this aim. We accordingly used sulfated alginate and demonstrated that this material reduced fibrotic overgrowth whilst not impeding the process of encapsulation nor cell function. Cumulatively, this suggests sulfated alginate could be a more suitable material to encapsulate hPSC-hepatocyte prior to human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Syanda
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Vera I. Kringstad
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Samuel J. I. Blackford
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim S. Kjesbu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Abba E. Coron
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Mari A. Rokstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sunil Modi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - S. Tamir Rashid
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Løkensgard Strand
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Berit Løkensgard Strand,
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Zellos A, Debray D, Indolfi G, Czubkowski P, Samyn M, Hadzic N, Gupte G, Fischler B, Smets F, Clément de Cléty S, Grenda R, Mozer Y, Mancell S, Jahnel J, Auzinger G, Worth A, Lisman T, Staufner C, Baumann U, Dhawan A, Alonso E, Squires RH, Verkade HJ. Proceedings of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Monothematic Conference, 2020: "Acute Liver Failure in Children": Treatment and Directions for Future Research. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:338-347. [PMID: 35226644 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Hepatology Committee of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) aims to educate pediatric gastroenterologists, members of ESPGHAN and professionals from other specialties promoting an exchange of clinical expertise in the field of pediatric hepatology. METHODS The 2020 single topic ESPGHAN monothematic 3-day conference on pediatric liver disease, was organized in Athens, Greece and was entitled " Acute Liver Failure" (ALF). ALF is a devastating disease with high mortality and in a considerable fraction of patients, the cause remains unresolved. As knowledge in diagnosis and treatment of ALF in infants and children has increased in the past decades, the objective was to update physicians in the field with developments in medical therapy and indications for liver transplantation (LT) and to identify areas for future research in clinical and neurocognitive outcomes in ALF. RESULTS We recently reported the epidemiology, diagnosis, and initial intensive care management issues in separate manuscript. Herewith we report on the medical treatment, clinical lessons arising from pediatric studies, nutritional and renal replacement therapy (RRT), indications and contraindications for LT, neurocognitive outcomes, new techniques used as bridging to LT, and areas for future research. Oral presentations by experts in various fields are summarized highlighting key learning points. CONCLUSIONS The current report summarizes the current insights in medical treatment of pediatric ALF and the directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Zellos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Debray
- Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Reference Center for Rare Pediatric Liver Diseases, ERN Rare Liver and Transplant Child, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Piotr Czubkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marianne Samyn
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College London School of Medicine
| | | | - Girish Gupte
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Björn Fischler
- Department of Pediatrics, CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Françoise Smets
- Department of Pediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ryszard Grenda
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation & Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yael Mozer
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Austen Worth
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Staufner
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | | | - Anil Dhawan
- Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition and Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Estelle Alonso
- Siragusa Transplant Center, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children' Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert H Squires
- Division of Pediatric Gastronterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital/ University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Pharmaceutical formulation and polymer chemistry for cell encapsulation applied to the creation of a lab-on-a-chip bio-microsystem. Ther Deliv 2021; 13:51-65. [PMID: 34821516 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation of formulation designs further expands the field and offers the potential for use in developing bioartificial organs via cell encapsulation. Combining formulation design and encapsulation requires ideal excipients to be determined. In terms of cell encapsulation, an environment which allows growth and functionality is paramount to ensuring cell survival and incorporation into a bioartificial organ. Hence, excipients are examined for both individual properties and benefits, and compatibility with encapsulated active materials. Polymers are commonly used in microencapsulation, offering protection from the immune system. Bile acids are emerging as a tool to enhance delivery, both biologically and pharmaceutically. Therefore, this review will focus on bile acids and polymers in formulation design via microencapsulation, in the field of bioartificial organ development.
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20
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Pluta KD, Ciezkowska M, Wisniewska M, Wencel A, Pijanowska DG. Cell-based clinical and experimental methods for assisting the function of impaired livers – Present and future of liver support systems. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Sidhu I, Barwe SP, Kiick KL, Kolb EA, Gopalakrishnapillai A. A 3-D hydrogel based system for hematopoietic differentiation and its use in modeling down syndrome associated transient myeloproliferative disorder. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6266-6281. [PMID: 34369483 PMCID: PMC8570143 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an extraordinary tool for disease modeling owing to their potential to differentiate into the desired cell type. The differentiation of iPSCs is typically performed on 2-dimensional monolayers of stromal cell or animal tissue derived extracellular matrices. Recent advancements in disease modeling have utilized iPSCs in 3-dimensional (3D) cultures to study diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis. However, these approaches are yet to be explored in modeling the hematological malignancies. Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) is a preleukemic stage, which is induced in 10-20% of children with trisomy 21 possessing the pathognomonic mutation in the transcription factor GATA1. In this study, we established a synthetic 3D iPSC culture system for modeling TMD via hematopoietic differentiation of customized iPSCs. A chemically cross-linkable PEG hydrogel decorated with integrin binding peptide was found to be permissive of hematopoietic differentiation of iPSCs. It provided a cost-effective system for the generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with higher yield of early HSPCs compared to traditional 2D culture on Matrigel coated dishes. Characterization of the HSPCs produced from the iPSC lines cultured in 3D showed that the erythroid population was reduced whereas the megakaryoid and myeloid populations were significantly increased in GATA1 mutant trisomic line compared to disomic or trisomic lines with wild-type GATA1, consistent with TMD characteristics. In conclusion, we have identified a cost-effective tunable 3D hydrogel system to model TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Sidhu
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | | | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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22
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Luce E, Messina A, Duclos-Vallée JC, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. Advanced Techniques and Awaited Clinical Applications for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Hepatocytes. Hepatology 2021; 74:1101-1116. [PMID: 33420753 PMCID: PMC8457237 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the only curative treatment for several liver diseases such as acute liver failure, end-stage liver disorders, primary liver cancers, and certain genetic conditions. Unfortunately, despite improvements to transplantation techniques, including live donor transplantation, the number of organs available remains insufficient to meet patient needs. Hepatocyte transplantation has enabled some encouraging results as an alternative to organ transplantation, but primary hepatocytes are little available and cannot be amplified using traditional two-dimensional culture systems. Indeed, although recent studies have tended to show that three-dimensional culture enables long-term hepatocyte culture, it is still agreed that, like most adult primary cell types, hepatocytes remain refractory to in vitro expansion. Because of their exceptional properties, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be amplified indefinitely and differentiated into any cell type, including liver cells. While many teams have worked on hepatocyte differentiation, there has been a consensus that cells obtained after hPSC differentiation have more fetal than adult hepatocyte characteristics. New technologies have been used to improve the differentiation process in recent years. This review discusses the technical improvements made to hepatocyte differentiation protocols and the clinical approaches developed to date and anticipated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléanor Luce
- INSERMUniversité Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR_S) 1193VillejuifFrance.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire HépatinovHôpital Paul-BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | - Antonietta Messina
- INSERMUniversité Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR_S) 1193VillejuifFrance.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire HépatinovHôpital Paul-BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | - Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
- INSERMUniversité Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR_S) 1193VillejuifFrance.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire HépatinovHôpital Paul-BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERMUniversité Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR_S) 1193VillejuifFrance.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire HépatinovHôpital Paul-BrousseVillejuifFrance
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23
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Biomaterials for Cell-Surface Engineering and Their Efficacy. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12030041. [PMID: 34287337 PMCID: PMC8293134 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature in the field of stem cell therapy indicates that, when stem cells in a state of single-cell suspension are injected systemically, they show poor in vivo survival, while such cells show robust cell survival and regeneration activity when transplanted in the state of being attached on a biomaterial surface. Although an attachment-deprived state induces anoikis, when cell-surface engineering technology was adopted for stem cells in a single-cell suspension state, cell survival and regenerative activity dramatically improved. The biochemical signal coming from ECM (extracellular matrix) molecules activates the cell survival signal transduction pathway and prevents anoikis. According to the target disease, various therapeutic cells can be engineered to improve their survival and regenerative activity, and there are several types of biomaterials available for cell-surface engineering. In this review, biomaterial types and application strategies for cell-surface engineering are presented along with their expected efficacy.
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24
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Kang HT, Jang K, Jun DW, Yoon EL, Lee SM, Saeed WK, Lee JH. Macro-encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells in acute and chronic liver injury animal models. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1997-2007. [PMID: 33554346 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Stem cell treatments using scaffolds for liver disease have been well studied. However, macro-encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to minimize or inhibit stem cell homing has not been evaluated. Here, we conducted a proof-of-concept study using MSCs macro-encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid in liver disease models. METHODS Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid semipermeable membranes (surface pore size up to 40 μm) were used as the macro-encapsulation system. Macro-encapsulated pouches were loaded with MSCs and sealed. Each pouch was implanted in the subcutaneous region of the dorsum or interlobular space of the liver. Acute liver injury was induced using thioacetamide intraperitoneal injection thrice a week. For the chronic liver fibrosis model, thioacetamide dose was gradually increased, starting from 100 to 400 mg/kg over 16 weeks (thrice a week). RESULTS In the acute liver injury model, the treated groups showed decreased liver inflammation and necrosis compared with the control. Hepatic fibrosis decreased in the treated group in the chronic liver fibrosis model compared with that in the control group. Encapsulated MSCs exhibited changed cell morphology and characteristics after implantation, showing increased periodic acid-Schiff staining and CYP2E1 expression. Migration and homing of MSCs into the liver was not observed. Under hypoxic conditions, macro-encapsulated MSCs secreted more growth hormones, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and placental growth factor, than monolayered MSCs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Macro-encapsulated MSCs attenuate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by upregulating hypoxia-induced growth hormone secretion in liver disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Tae Kang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Waqar Khalid Saeed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
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25
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Yao T, Zhang Y, Lv M, Zang G, Ng SS, Chen X. Advances in 3D cell culture for liver preclinical studies. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:643-651. [PMID: 33973620 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D cell culture model is an indispensable tool in the study of liver biology in the field of health and disease and the development of clinically relevant products for liver therapies. The 3D culture model captures critical factors of the microenvironmental niche required by hepatocytes for exhibiting optimal phenotypes, thus enabling the pursuit of a range of preclinical studies that are not entirely feasible in conventional 2D cell models. In this review, we highlight the major attributes associated with and the components needed for the development of a functional 3D liver culture model for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mengjiao Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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26
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Bram Y, Nguyen DHT, Gupta V, Park J, Richardson C, Chandar V, Schwartz RE. Cell and Tissue Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 23:517-546. [PMID: 33974812 PMCID: PMC8864721 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112619-044026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is an important clinical problem, impacting 600 million people worldwide. It is the 11th-leading cause of death in the world. Despite constant improvement in treatment and diagnostics, the aging population and accumulated risk factors led to increased morbidity due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Liver transplantation, first established in the 1960s, is the second-most-common solid organ transplantation and is the gold standard for the treatment of liver failure. However, less than 10% of the global need for liver transplantation is met at the current rates of transplantation due to the paucity of available organs. Cell- and tissue-based therapies present an alternative to organ transplantation. This review surveys the approaches and tools that have been developed, discusses the distinctive challenges that exist for cell- and tissue-based therapies, and examines the future directions of regenerative therapies for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Duc-Huy T Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chanel Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Ali M, Payne SL. Biomaterial-based cell delivery strategies to promote liver regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33632335 PMCID: PMC7905561 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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28
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Synthesis and characterization of site selective photo-crosslinkable glycidyl methacrylate functionalized gelatin-based 3D hydrogel scaffold for liver tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111694. [PMID: 33812568 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presented work outlined the development of a new biocompatible hydrogel material that has potential applications in soft tissue engineering. As a proof of concept, human hepatocytes were used to demonstrate the suitability of this material in providing conducive environment for cellular growth and functional development. Herein, a detailed synthesis of novel gelatin derivatives - photo-crosslinkable glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) functionalized gelatins (Gelatin-GMA), and preparation of three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel scaffolds for the encapsulated Huh-7.5 cells is reported. The Gelatin-GMA biopolymers were synthesized at two different pH values of 3.5 (acidic) and 10.5 (basic) where two different photo-crosslinkable polymers were formed utilizing -COOH & -OH groups in acidic pH, and -NH2 & -OH groups in basic pH. The hydrogels were prepared using an initiator (Irgacure I2959) in the presence of UV light. The Gelatin-GMA biopolymers were characterized using spectroscopic studies which confirmed the successful preparation of the polymer derivatives. Rheological measurement was carried out to characterize the mechanical properties and derive the mesh sizes of the 3D hydrogels. Subsequently, detailed in vitro hepatocyte compatibility and functionality studies were performed in the 3D cell seeded hydrogel platform. The 3D hydrogel design with larger mesh sizes utilizes the advantage of the excellent diffusion properties of porous platform, and enhanced cell-growth was observed, which in turn elicited favorable Huh-7.5 response. The hydrogels led to improved cellular functions such as differentiation, viability and proliferation. Overall, it showed that the Gelatin-GMA based hydrogels presented better results compared to control sample (GelMA) because of the higher mesh sizes in Gelatin-GMA based hydrogels. Additionally, the functional group studies of the two Gelatin-GMA samples revealed that the cell functionalities are almost unaffected even after the tripeptide - Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in Gelatin-GMA synthesized at pH 3.5 is no longer completely available.
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29
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Cell preservation methods and its application to studying rare disease. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 56:101694. [PMID: 33429040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to preserve and transport human cells in a stable medium over long distances is critical to collaborative efforts and the advancement of knowledge in the study of human disease. This is particularly important in the study of rare diseases. Recently, advancements in the understanding of renal ciliopathies has been achieved via the use of patient urine-derived cells (UDCs). However, the traditional method of cryopreservation, although considered as the gold standard, can result in decreased sample viability of many cell types, including UDCs. Delays in transportation can have devastating effects upon the viability of samples, and may even result in complete destruction of cells following evaporation of dry ice or liquid nitrogen, leaving samples in cryoprotective agents, which are cytotoxic at room temperature. The loss of any patient sample in this manner is detrimental to research, however it is even more so when samples are from patients with a rare disease. In order to overcome the associated limitations of traditional practices, new methods of preservation and shipment, including cell encapsulation within hydrogels, and transport in specialised devices are continually being investigated. Here we summarise and compare traditional methods with emerging novel alternatives for the preservation and shipment of cells, and consider the effectiveness of such methods for use with UDCs to further enable the study and understanding of kidney diseases.
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30
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Huang D, Gibeley SB, Xu C, Xiao Y, Celik O, Ginsberg HN, Leong KW. Engineering liver microtissues for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909553. [PMID: 33390875 PMCID: PMC7774671 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The burden of liver diseases is increasing worldwide, accounting for two million deaths annually. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the basic and translational research of liver tissue engineering. Liver microtissues are small, three-dimensional hepatocyte cultures that recapitulate liver physiology and have been used in biomedical research and regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent advances, challenges, and future directions in liver microtissue research. Cellular engineering approaches are used to sustain primary hepatocytes or produce hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells and other adult tissues. Three-dimensional microtissues are generated by scaffold-free assembly or scaffold-assisted methods such as macroencapsulation, droplet microfluidics, and bioprinting. Optimization of the hepatic microenvironment entails incorporating the appropriate cell composition for enhanced cell-cell interactions and niche-specific signals, and creating scaffolds with desired chemical, mechanical and physical properties. Perfusion-based culture systems such as bioreactors and microfluidic systems are used to achieve efficient exchange of nutrients and soluble factors. Taken together, systematic optimization of liver microtissues is a multidisciplinary effort focused on creating liver cultures and on-chip models with greater structural complexity and physiological relevance for use in liver disease research, therapeutic development, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sarah B. Gibeley
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ozgenur Celik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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31
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Kupikowska-Stobba B, Lewińska D. Polymer microcapsules and microbeads as cell carriers for in vivo biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1536-1574. [PMID: 32110789 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer microcarriers are being extensively explored as cell delivery vehicles in cell-based therapies and hybrid tissue and organ engineering. Spherical microcarriers are of particular interest due to easy fabrication and injectability. They include microbeads, composed of a porous matrix, and microcapsules, where matrix core is additionally covered with a semipermeable membrane. Microcarriers provide cell containment at implantation site and protect the cells from host immunoresponse, degradation and shear stress. Immobilized cells may be genetically altered to release a specific therapeutic product directly at the target site, eliminating side effects of systemic therapies. Cell microcarriers need to fulfil a number of extremely high standards regarding their biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, immunoisolating capacity, transport, mechanical and chemical properties. To obtain cell microcarriers of specified parameters, a wide variety of polymers, both natural and synthetic, and immobilization methods can be applied. Yet so far, only a few approaches based on cell-laden microcarriers have reached clinical trials. The main issue that still impedes progress of these systems towards clinical application is limited cell survival in vivo. Herein, we review polymer biomaterials and methods used for fabrication of cell microcarriers for in vivo biomedical applications. We describe their key limitations and modifications aiming at improvement of microcarrier in vivo performance. We also present the main applications of polymer cell microcarriers in regenerative medicine, pancreatic islet and hepatocyte transplantation and in the treatment of cancer. Lastly, we outline the main challenges in cell microimmobilization for biomedical purposes, the strategies to overcome these issues and potential future improvements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lewińska
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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Papatheodoridi M, Mazza G, Pinzani M. Regenerative hepatology: In the quest for a modern prometheus? Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:1106-1114. [PMID: 32868215 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As liver-related morbidity and mortality is rising worldwide and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) remains the only standard-of-care for end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure, shortage of donor organs is becoming more prominent. Importantly, advances in regenerative Hepatology and liver bioengineering are bringing new hope to the possibility of restoring impaired hepatic functionality in the presence of acute or chronic liver failure. Hepatocyte transplantation and artificial liver-support systems were the first strategies used in regenerative hepatology but have presented various types of efficiency limitations restricting their widespread use. In parallel, liver bioengineering has been a rapidly developing field bringing continuously novel advancements in biomaterials, three dimensional (3D) scaffolds, cell sources and relative methodologies for creating bioengineered liver tissue. The current major task in liver bioengineering is to build small implantable liver mass for treating inherited metabolic disorders, bioengineered bile ducts for congenital biliary defects and large bioengineered liver organs for transplantation, as substitutes to donor-organs, in cases of acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art and upcoming technologies of regenerative Hepatology that are emerging as promising alternatives to the current standard-of care in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Papatheodoridi
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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33
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Patrick PS, Bear JC, Fitzke HE, Zaw-Thin M, Parkin IP, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Stuckey DJ. Radio-metal cross-linking of alginate hydrogels for non-invasive in vivo imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119930. [PMID: 32171101 PMCID: PMC7103761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alginate hydrogels are cross-linked polymers with high water content, tuneable chemical and material properties, and a range of biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell therapy. However, their similarity to soft tissue often renders them undetectable within the body using conventional bio-medical imaging techniques. This leaves much unknown about their behaviour in vivo, posing a challenge to therapy development and validation. To address this, we report a novel, fast, and simple method of incorporating the nuclear imaging radio-metal 111In into the structure of alginate hydrogels by utilising its previously-undescribed capacity as an ionic cross-linking agent. This enabled non-invasive in vivo nuclear imaging of hydrogel delivery and retention across the whole body, over time, and across a range of model therapies including: nasal and oral drug delivery, stem cell transplantation, and cardiac tissue engineering. This information will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic hydrogel formulations, encompassing alginate, across disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Heather E Fitzke
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Dhawan A, Chaijitraruch N, Fitzpatrick E, Bansal S, Filippi C, Lehec SC, Heaton ND, Kane P, Verma A, Hughes RD, Mitry RR. Alginate microencapsulated human hepatocytes for the treatment of acute liver failure in children. J Hepatol 2020; 72:877-884. [PMID: 31843649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver transplantation (LT) is the most effective treatment for patients with acute liver failure (ALF), but is limited by surgical risks and the need for life-long immunosuppression. Transplantation of microencapsulated human hepatocytes in alginate is an attractive option over whole liver replacement. The safety and efficacy of hepatocyte microbead transplantation have been shown in animal models. We report our experience of this therapy in children with ALF treated on a named-patient basis. METHODS Clinical grade human hepatocyte microbeads (HMBs) and empty microbeads were tested in immunocompetent healthy rats. Subsequently, 8 children with ALF, who were awaiting a suitable allograft for LT, received intraperitoneal transplantation of HMBs. We monitored complications of the procedure, assessing the host immune response and residual function of the retrieved HMBs, either after spontaneous native liver regeneration or at the time of LT. RESULTS Intraperitoneal transplantation of HMBs in healthy rats was safe and preserved synthetic and detoxification functions, without the need for immunosuppression. Subsequently, 8 children with ALF received HMBs (4 neonatal haemochromatosis, 2 viral infections and 2 children with unknown cause at time of infusion) at a median age of 14.5 days, range 1 day to 6 years. The procedure was well tolerated without complications. Of the 8 children, 4 avoided LT while 3 were successfully bridged to LT following the intervention. HMBs retrieved after infusions (at the time of LT) were structurally intact, free of host cell adherence and contained viable hepatocytes with preserved functions. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the feasibility and safety of an HMB infusion in children with ALF. LAY SUMMARY Acute liver failure in children is a rare but devastating condition. Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment, but it has several important limitations. Liver cell (hepatocyte) transplantation is an attractive option, as many patients only require short-term liver support while their own liver recovers. Human hepatocytes encapsulated in alginate beads can perform the functions of the liver while alginate coating protects the cells from immune attack. Herein, we demonstrated that transplantation of these beads was safe and feasible in children with acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Dhawan
- Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Dhawan Lab at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nataruks Chaijitraruch
- Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emer Fitzpatrick
- Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Bansal
- Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Filippi
- Dhawan Lab at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon C Lehec
- Dhawan Lab at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel D Heaton
- Liver Transplant Surgery, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Kane
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Verma
- Department of Infection Sciences and Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin D Hughes
- Dhawan Lab at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragai R Mitry
- Dhawan Lab at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Furuta T, Furuya K, Zheng YW, Oda T. Novel alternative transplantation therapy for orthotopic liver transplantation in liver failure: A systematic review. World J Transplant 2020; 10:64-78. [PMID: 32257850 PMCID: PMC7109592 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only treatment for end-stage liver failure; however, graft shortage impedes its applicability. Therefore, studies investigating alternative therapies are plenty. Nevertheless, no study has comprehensively analyzed these therapies from different perspectives.
AIM To summarize the current status of alternative transplantation therapies for OLT and to support future research.
METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE for articles published between January 2010 and 2018, using the following MeSH terms: [(liver transplantation) AND cell] OR [(liver transplantation) AND differentiation] OR [(liver transplantation) AND organoid] OR [(liver transplantation) AND xenotransplantation]. Various types of studies describing therapies to replace OLT were retrieved for full-text evaluation. Among them, we selected articles including in vivo transplantation.
RESULTS A total of 89 studies were selected. There are three principle forms of treatment for liver failure: Xeno-organ transplantation, scaffold-based transplantation, and cell transplantation. Xeno-organ transplantation was covered in 14 articles, scaffold-based transplantation was discussed in 22 articles, and cell transplantation was discussed in 53 articles. Various types of alternative therapies were discussed: Organ liver, 25 articles; adult hepatocytes, 31 articles; fetal hepatocytes, three articles; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 25 articles; embryonic stem cells, one article; and induced pluripotent stem cells, three articles and other sources. Clinical applications were discussed in 12 studies: Cell transplantation using hepatocytes in four studies, five studies using umbilical cord-derived MSCs, three studies using bone marrow-derived MSCs, and two studies using hematopoietic stem cells.
CONCLUSION The clinical applications are present only for cell transplantation. Scaffold-based transplantation is a comprehensive treatment combining organ and cell transplantations, which warrants future research to find relevant clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Furuta
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kinji Furuya
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
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Nguyen MP, Jain V, Iansante V, Mitry RR, Filippi C, Dhawan A. Clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation: current status, applicability, limitations, and future outlook. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:185-196. [PMID: 32098516 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1733975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) is a promising alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of liver-based metabolic diseases and acute liver failure (ALF). However, shortage of good-quality liver tissues, early cell loss post-infusion, reduced cell engraftment and function restricts clinical application.Areas covered: A comprehensive literature search was performed to cover pre-clinical and clinical HT studies. The review discusses the latest developments to address HT limitations: cell sources from marginal/suboptimal donors to neonatal livers, differentiating pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells, in vitro expansion, prevention of immune response to transplanted cells by encapsulation or using innate immunity-inhibiting agents, and enhancing engraftment through partial hepatectomy or irradiation.Expert opinion: To date, published data are highly encouraging specially the alginate-encapsulated hepatocyte treatment of children with ALF. Hepatocyte functions can be further improved through co-culturing with mesenchymal stromal cells. Moreover, ex-vivo genetic correction will enable the use of autologous cells in future personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Phuong Nguyen
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vandana Jain
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Iansante
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragai R Mitry
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Filippi
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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da Silva Morais A, Vieira S, Zhao X, Mao Z, Gao C, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Advanced Biomaterials and Processing Methods for Liver Regeneration: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901435. [PMID: 31977159 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases contribute markedly to the global burden of mortality and disease. The limited organ disposal for orthotopic liver transplantation results in a continuing need for alternative strategies. Over the past years, important progress has been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Many of the early trials to improve the development of an engineered tissue construct are based on seeding cells onto biomaterial scaffolds. Nowadays, several TE approaches have been developed and are applied to one vital organ: the liver. Essential elements must be considered in liver TE-cells and culturing systems, bioactive agents or growth factors (GF), and biomaterials and processing methods. The potential of hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and others as cell sources is demonstrated. They need engineered biomaterial-based scaffolds with perfect biocompatibility and bioactivity to support cell proliferation and hepatic differentiation as well as allowing extracellular matrix deposition and vascularization. Moreover, they require a microenvironment provided using conventional or advanced processing technologies in order to supply oxygen, nutrients, and GF. Herein the biomaterials and the conventional and advanced processing technologies, including cell-sheets process, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidic systems, as well as the future trends in these major fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Sílvia Vieira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Xinlian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
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Cernigliaro V, Peluso R, Zedda B, Silengo L, Tolosano E, Pellicano R, Altruda F, Fagoonee S. Evolving Cell-Based and Cell-Free Clinical Strategies for Treating Severe Human Liver Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E386. [PMID: 32046114 PMCID: PMC7072646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a major global health issue, and currently, liver transplantation is the only viable alternative to reduce mortality rates in patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, scarcity of donor organs and risk of recidivism requiring a re-transplantation remain major obstacles. Hence, much hope has turned towards cell-based therapy. Hepatocyte-like cells obtained from embryonic stem cells or adult stem cells bearing multipotent or pluripotent characteristics, as well as cell-based systems, such as organoids, bio-artificial liver devices, bioscaffolds and organ printing are indeed promising. New approaches based on extracellular vesicles are also being investigated as cell substitutes. Extracellular vesicles, through the transfer of bioactive molecules, can modulate liver regeneration and restore hepatic function. This review provides an update on the current state-of-art cell-based and cell-free strategies as alternatives to liver transplantation for patients with end-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cernigliaro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.C.); (R.P.); (B.Z.)
- Maria Pia Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Rossella Peluso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.C.); (R.P.); (B.Z.)
- Maria Pia Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zedda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.C.); (R.P.); (B.Z.)
- Maria Pia Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Departmet of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Departmet of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.S.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Departmet of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Heydari Z, Najimi M, Mirzaei H, Shpichka A, Ruoss M, Farzaneh Z, Montazeri L, Piryaei A, Timashev P, Gramignoli R, Nussler A, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Tissue Engineering in Liver Regenerative Medicine: Insights into Novel Translational Technologies. Cells 2020; 9:E304. [PMID: 32012725 PMCID: PMC7072533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ and tissue shortage are known as a crucially important public health problem as unfortunately a small percentage of patients receive transplants. In the context of emerging regenerative medicine, researchers are trying to regenerate and replace different organs and tissues such as the liver, heart, skin, and kidney. Liver tissue engineering (TE) enables us to reproduce and restore liver functions, fully or partially, which could be used in the treatment of acute or chronic liver disorders and/or generate an appropriate functional organ which can be transplanted or employed as an extracorporeal device. In this regard, a variety of techniques (e.g., fabrication technologies, cell-based technologies, microfluidic systems and, extracorporeal liver devices) could be applied in tissue engineering in liver regenerative medicine. Common TE techniques are based on allocating stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells or primary hepatocytes within a three-dimensional structure which leads to the improvement of their survival rate and functional phenotype. Taken together, new findings indicated that developing liver tissue engineering-based techniques could pave the way for better treatment of liver-related disorders. Herein, we summarized novel technologies used in liver regenerative medicine and their future applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 121135879, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Marc Ruoss
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran;
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 117977 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
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Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Zakeri N, Azarpira N, Solati-Hashjin M. Liver Tissue Engineering as an Emerging Alternative for Liver Disease Treatment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:145-163. [PMID: 31797731 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases affect thousands of lives throughout the world every year. The shortage of liver donors for transplantation has been the main driving force to employ alternative methods such as liver tissue engineering (LTE) in fabricating a three-dimensional transplantable liver tissue or enhancing cell delivery techniques alleviating the need for liver donors. LTE consists of three components, cells, ECM (extracellular matrix), and signaling molecules, which we discuss the first and second. The three most common cell sources used in LTE are human and animal primary hepatocytes, and stem cells for different applications. Two major categories of ECM are used to mimic the microenvironment of these cells, named scaffolds and microbeads. Scaffolds have been made by numerous methods with a wide range of synthetic and natural biomaterials. Cell encapsulation has also been utilized by many polymeric biomaterials. To investigate their functions, many properties have been discussed in the literature, such as biochemical, geometrical, and mechanical properties, in both of these categories. Overall, LTE shows excellent potential in assisting hepatic disorders. However, some challenges exist that prevent the practical use of it clinically, making LTE an ongoing research subject in the scientific society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sadat Mirdamadi
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dianoosh Kalhori
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Zakeri
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Bonani W, Cagol N, Maniglio D. Alginate Hydrogels: A Tool for 3D Cell Encapsulation, Tissue Engineering, and Biofabrication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1250:49-61. [PMID: 32601937 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3262-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of hydrogels have been proposed for tissue engineering applications, cell encapsulation, and bioinks for bioprinting applications. Cell-laden hydrogel constructs rely on natural hydrogels such as alginate, agarose, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, fibroin, and hyaluronic acid (HA), as well as on synthetic hydrogels such as poloxamers (Pluronics®) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Alginate has become more and more important in the last years, thanks to the possibility to prepare alginate hydrogels suitable for cell encapsulation mainly because of the mild and reversible cross-linking conditions. In this paper alginate will be described in detail with respect to its chemistry, cross-linking behavior, biocompatibility, manufacturing capacity, and possible modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Bonani
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Cagol
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Kukla DA, Stoppel WL, Kaplan DL, Khetani SR. Assessing the compatibility of primary human hepatocyte culture within porous silk sponges. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37662-37674. [PMID: 35515172 PMCID: PMC9057238 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04954a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor organ shortages have prompted the development of alternative implantable human liver tissues for patients suffering from end-stage liver failure. Purified silk proteins provide desirable features for generating implantable tissues, including sustainable sourcing from insects/arachnids, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties and degradation rates, and low immunogenicity upon implantation. While different cell types were previously cultured for weeks within silk-based scaffolds, it remains unclear whether such scaffolds can be used to culture primary human hepatocytes (PHH) isolated from livers. Therefore, here we assessed the compatibility of PHH culture within porous silk scaffolds that enable diffusion of oxygen/nutrients through the pores. We found that incorporation of type I collagen during the fabrication and/or autoclaving of porous silk scaffolds, as opposed to simple adsorption of collagen onto pre-fabricated silk scaffolds, was necessary to enable robust PHH attachment/function. Scaffolds with small pores (73 ± 25 μm) promoted larger PHH spheroids and consequently higher PHH functions than large pores (235 ± 84 μm) for at least 1 month in culture. Further incorporation of supportive fibroblasts into scaffolds enhanced PHH functions up to 5-fold relative to scaffolds with PHHs alone and 2D co-cultures on plastic. Lastly, encapsulating PHHs within protein hydrogels while housed in the silk scaffold led to higher functions than protein hydrogel-only or silk-only controls. In conclusion, porous silk scaffolds containing extracellular matrix proteins can be used for the culture of PHHs ± supportive non-parenchymal cells, which can be further built on in the future to create optimized silk-based liver tissue surrogates for cell-based therapy. Porous silk scaffolds hybridized with extracellular matrix proteins are useful for culture of primary human hepatocytes ± supportive non-parenchymal cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Kukla
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | | | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Salman R. Khetani
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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Natural Flavonol, Myricetin, Enhances the Function and Survival of Cryopreserved Hepatocytes In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246123. [PMID: 31817281 PMCID: PMC6940939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic potential of hepatocyte transplantation, the effects of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) inhibitor, myricetin (3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxylflavone) were examined using porcine and human hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Hepatocytes were cultured, showing the typical morphology of hepatic parenchymal cell under 1–10 µmol/L of myricetin, keeping hepatocyte specific gene expression, and ammonia removal activity. After injecting the hepatocytes into neonatal Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse livers, cell colony formation was found at 10–15 weeks after transplantation. The human albumin levels in the sera of engrafted mice were significantly higher in the recipients of myricetin-treated cells than non-treated cells, corresponding to the size of the colonies. In terms of therapeutic efficacy, the injection of myricetin-treated hepatocytes significantly prolonged the survival of ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient SCID mice from 32 days (non-transplant control) to 54 days. Biochemically, the phosphorylation of MKK4 was inhibited in the myricetin-treated hepatocytes. These findings suggest that myricetin has a potentially therapeutic benefit that regulates hepatocyte function and survival, thereby treating liver failure.
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Khanal S, Bhattarai SR, Sankar J, Bhandari RK, Macdonald JM, Bhattarai N. Nano-fibre Integrated Microcapsules: A Nano-in-Micro Platform for 3D Cell Culture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13951. [PMID: 31562351 PMCID: PMC6765003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-in-micro (NIM) system is a promising approach to enhance the performance of devices for a wide range of applications in disease treatment and tissue regeneration. In this study, polymeric nanofibre-integrated alginate (PNA) hydrogel microcapsules were designed using NIM technology. Various ratios of cryo-ground poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanofibres (CPN) were incorporated into PNA hydrogel microcapsule. Electrostatic encapsulation method was used to incorporate living cells into the PNA microcapsules (~500 µm diameter). Human liver carcinoma cells, HepG2, were encapsulated into the microcapsules and their physio-chemical properties were studied. Morphology, stability, and chemical composition of the PNA microcapsules were analysed by light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The incorporation of CPN caused no significant changes in the morphology, size, and chemical structure of PNA microcapsules in cell culture media. Among four PNA microcapsule products (PNA-0, PNA-10, PNA-30, and PNA-50 with size 489 ± 31 µm, 480 ± 40 µm, 473 ± 51 µm and 464 ± 35 µm, respectively), PNA-10 showed overall suitability for HepG2 growth with high cellular metabolic activity, indicating that the 3D PNA-10 microcapsule could be suitable to maintain better vitality and liver-specific metabolic functions. Overall, this novel design of PNA microcapsule and the one-step method of cell encapsulation can be a versatile 3D NIM system for spontaneous generation of organoids with in vivo like tissue architectures, and the system can be useful for numerous biomedical applications, especially for liver tissue engineering, cell preservation, and drug toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalil Khanal
- 0000 0001 0287 4439grid.261037.1Department of Applied Science and Technology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA ,0000 0001 0287 4439grid.261037.1Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Shanta R. Bhattarai
- 0000 0001 0287 4439grid.261037.1Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA ,0000 0001 0287 4439grid.261037.1Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA ,0000 0001 0671 255Xgrid.266860.cDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Jagannathan Sankar
- 0000 0001 0287 4439grid.261037.1Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Ramji K. Bhandari
- 0000 0001 0671 255Xgrid.266860.cDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Macdonald
- 0000 0001 1034 1720grid.410711.2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Narayan Bhattarai
- 0000 0001 0287 4439grid.261037.1Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
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Agarwal T, Subramanian B, Maiti TK. Liver Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4167-4182. [PMID: 33417776 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering aims at the possibility of reproducing a fully functional organ for the treatment of acute and chronic liver disorders. Approaches in this field endeavor to replace organ transplantation (gold standard treatment for liver diseases in a clinical setting) with in vitro developed liver tissue constructs. However, the complexity of the liver microarchitecture and functionality along with the limited supply of cellular components of the liver pose numerous challenges. This review provides a comprehensive outlook onto how the physicochemical, mechanobiological, and spatiotemporal aspects of the substrates could be tuned to address current challenges in the field. We also highlight the strategic advancements made in the field so far for the development of artificial liver tissue. We further showcase the currently available prototypes in research and clinical trials, which shows the hope for the future of liver tissue engineering.
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Skeldon G, Lucendo-Villarin B, Shu W. Three-dimensional bioprinting of stem-cell derived tissues for human regenerative medicine. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0224. [PMID: 29786559 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technology in regenerative medicine has the potential to provide an unlimited supply of cells for drug testing, medical transplantation and academic research. In order to engineer a realistic tissue model using stem cells as an alternative to human tissue, it is essential to create artificial stem cell microenvironment or niches. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising tissue engineering field that offers new opportunities to precisely place stem cells within their niches layer-by-layer. This review covers bioprinting technologies, the current development of 'bio-inks' and how bioprinting has already been applied to stem-cell culture, as well as their applications for human regenerative medicine. The key considerations for bioink properties such as stiffness, stability and biodegradation, biocompatibility and printability are highlighted. Bioprinting of both adult and pluriopotent stem cells for various types of artificial tissues from liver to brain has been reviewed. 3D bioprinting of stem-cell derived tissues for human regenerative medicine is an exciting emerging area that represents opportunities for new research, industries and products as well as future challenges in clinical translation.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Skeldon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK.,School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | | | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK
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47
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Iansante V, Chandrashekran A, Dhawan A. Cell-based liver therapies: past, present and future. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0229. [PMID: 29786563 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the standard treatment for people with an end-stage liver disease and some liver-based metabolic disorders; however, shortage of liver donor tissues limits its availability. Furthermore, whole liver replacement eliminates the possibility of using native liver as a possible target for future gene therapy in case of liver-based metabolic defects. Cell therapy has emerged as a potential alternative, as cells can provide the hepatic functions and engraft in the liver parenchyma. Various options have been proposed, including human or other species hepatocytes, hepatocyte-like cells derived from stem cells or more futuristic alternatives, such as combination therapies with different cell types, organoids and cell-biomaterial combinations. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the cell therapies developed so far, highlighting preclinical and/or clinical achievements as well as the limitations that need to be overcome to make them fully effective and safe for clinical applications.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iansante
- Dhawan Lab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Anil Chandrashekran
- Dhawan Lab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Dhawan Lab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ, UK
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Blackford SJ, Ng SS, Segal JM, King AJ, Austin AL, Kent D, Moore J, Sheldon M, Ilic D, Dhawan A, Mitry RR, Rashid ST. Validation of Current Good Manufacturing Practice Compliant Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes for Cell-Based Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:124-137. [PMID: 30456803 PMCID: PMC6344902 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the production of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-Heps) afford tremendous possibilities for treatment of patients with liver disease. Validated current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) lines are an essential prerequisite for such applications but have only recently been established. Whether such cGMP lines are capable of hepatic differentiation is not known. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the proficiency of three recently derived cGMP lines (two hiPSC and one hESC) to differentiate into hepatocytes and their suitability for therapy. hPSC-Heps generated using a chemically defined four-step hepatic differentiation protocol uniformly demonstrated highly reproducible phenotypes and functionality. Seeding into a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate fabricated inverted colloid crystal scaffold converted these immature progenitors into more advanced hepatic tissue structures. Hepatic constructs could also be successfully encapsulated into the immune-privileged material alginate and remained viable as well as functional upon transplantation into immune competent mice. This is the first report we are aware of demonstrating cGMP-compliant hPSCs can generate cells with advanced hepatic function potentially suitable for future therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:124&14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J.I. Blackford
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe M. Segal
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aileen J.F. King
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amazon L. Austin
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Deniz Kent
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Moore
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ragai R. Mitry
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - S. Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Raasch M, Fritsche E, Kurtz A, Bauer M, Mosig AS. Microphysiological systems meet hiPSC technology - New tools for disease modeling of liver infections in basic research and drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:51-67. [PMID: 29908880 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex cell culture models such as microphysiological models (MPS) mimicking human liver functionality in vitro are in the spotlight as alternative to conventional cell culture and animal models. Promising techniques like microfluidic cell culture or micropatterning by 3D bioprinting are gaining increasing importance for the development of MPS to address the needs for more predictivity and cost efficiency. In this context, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer new perspectives for the development of advanced liver-on-chip systems by recreating an in vivo like microenvironment that supports the reliable differentiation of hiPSCs to hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). In this review we will summarize current protocols of HLC generation and highlight recently established MPS suitable to resemble physiological hepatocyte function in vitro. In addition, we are discussing potential applications of liver MPS for disease modeling related to systemic or direct liver infections and the use of MPS in testing of new drug candidates.
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50
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Chen X, Jiang W, Ahmed A, Mahon CS, Müllner M, Cao B, Xia T. Engineering Protective Polymer Coatings for Liver Microtissues. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 32:49-56. [PMID: 30499291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte microtissues (MT), also known as spheroids, have proven to be advantageous in providing more accurate information and physiologically relevant and predictive data for liver-related in vivo tests; therefore, spheroids have increasingly been used to study hepatotoxicity, drug delivery to the liver, and tissue engineering. However, variabilities in the generation of 3D MT remain a major challenge. Methods that encapsulate and protect hepatocytes offer a promising pathway in prolonging cell survival, as well as maintaining its liver cell functions. Herein, we studied the encapsulation and resultant protective effects of hydrogen bonded, biocompatible polymer coatings for hepatocyte MT in 3D cell culture. We exposed the MT to hepatotoxic nanomaterials (NMs), such as graphene oxide (GO) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4), to assess the protective effects of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) and tannic acid (TA) coatings. The polymer coating allowed the MT to maintain its morphology. More significantly, it increased the viability of hepatocyte-composed MT by hampering the cellular interaction between hostile NMs and hepatocytes. Based on alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, the liver cell function was maintained throughout the coating process, including after NM treatment. The study provides a straightforward and safe methodology for maintaining the morphology as well as cellular function of hepatocyte MT in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Wen Jiang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Clare S Mahon
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Bocheng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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