1
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Ravn Berg S, Dikic A, Sharma A, Hagen L, Vågbø CB, Zatula A, Misund K, Waage A, Slupphaug G. Progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma is associated with enhanced translational quality control and overall loss of surface antigens. J Transl Med 2024; 22:548. [PMID: 38849800 PMCID: PMC11162064 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advancements in treatment strategies, multiple myeloma remains incurable. Additionally, there is a distinct lack of reliable biomarkers that can guide initial treatment decisions and help determine suitable replacement or adjuvant therapies when relapse ensues due to acquired drug resistance. METHODS To define specific proteins and pathways involved in the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM), we have applied super-SILAC quantitative proteomic analysis to CD138 + plasma cells from 9 individuals with MGUS and 37 with MM. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering defined three groups: MGUS, MM, and MM with an MGUS-like proteome profile (ML) that may represent a group that has recently transformed to MM. Statistical analysis identified 866 differentially expressed proteins between MM and MGUS, and 189 between MM and ML, 177 of which were common between MGUS and ML. Progression from MGUS to MM is accompanied by upregulated EIF2 signaling, DNA repair, and proteins involved in translational quality control, whereas integrin- and actin cytoskeletal signaling and cell surface markers are downregulated. CONCLUSION Compared to the premalignant plasma cells in MGUS, malignant MM cells apparently have mobilized several pathways that collectively contribute to ensure translational fidelity and to avoid proteotoxic stress, especially in the ER. The overall reduced expression of immunoglobulins and surface antigens contribute to this and may additionally mediate evasion from recognition by the immune apparatus. Our analyses identified a range of novel biomarkers with potential prognostic and therapeutic value, which will undergo further evaluation to determine their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Ravn Berg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aida Dikic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cathrine Broberg Vågbø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexey Zatula
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, and Biobank1, St Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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2
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Zhou X, He R, Hu WX, Luo S, Hu J. Targeting myeloma metabolism: How abnormal metabolism contributes to multiple myeloma progression and resistance to proteasome inhibitors. Neoplasia 2024; 50:100974. [PMID: 38364355 PMCID: PMC10881428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy that has evolved from antibody-secreting B lymphocytes. Like other types of cancers, myeloma cells have acquired functional capabilities which are referred to as "Hallmarks of Cancer", and one of their most important features is the metabolic disorders. Due to the high secretory load of the MM cells, the first-line medicine proteasome inhibitors have found their pronounced effects in MM cells for blocking the degradation of misfolded proteins, leading to their accumulation in the ER and overwhelming ER stress. Moreover, proteasome inhibitors have been reported to be effective in myeloma by targeting glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism of MM cells. In this review, we have described the abnormal metabolism of the three major nutrients, such as glucose, lipid and amino acids, which participate in the cellular functions. We have described their roles in myeloma progression, how they could be exploited for therapeutic purposes, and current therapeutic strategies targeting these metabolites, hoping to uncover potential novel therapeutic targets and promote the development of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, China
| | - Rui He
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, China
| | - Wei-Xin Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, China
| | - Saiqun Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, China.
| | - Jingping Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, China.
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3
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Liu Z, Jiang S, Hao B, Xie S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xu H, Luo C, Huang M, Tan M, Xu JY. A proteomic landscape of pharmacologic perturbations for functional relevance. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:128-139. [PMID: 38352953 PMCID: PMC10859532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological perturbation studies based on protein-level signatures are fundamental for drug discovery. In the present study, we used a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic platform to profile the whole proteome of the breast cancer MCF7 cell line under stress induced by 78 bioactive compounds. The integrated analysis of perturbed signal abundance revealed the connectivity between phenotypic behaviors and molecular features in cancer cells. Our data showed functional relevance in exploring the novel pharmacological activity of phenolic xanthohumol, as well as the noncanonical targets of clinically approved tamoxifen, lovastatin, and their derivatives. Furthermore, the rational design of synergistic inhibition using a combination of histone methyltransferase and topoisomerase was identified based on their complementary drug fingerprints. This study provides rich resources for the proteomic landscape of drug responses for precision therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shangwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bingbing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yingluo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, China
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4
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Polónia B, Xavier CPR, Kopecka J, Riganti C, Vasconcelos MH. The role of Extracellular Vesicles in glycolytic and lipid metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells: Consequences for drug resistance. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:150-162. [PMID: 37225643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to adapt to a higher proliferative rate and an increased demand for energy sources, cancer cells rewire their metabolic pathways, a process currently recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Even though the metabolism of glucose is perhaps the most discussed metabolic shift in cancer, lipid metabolic alterations have been recently recognized as relevant players in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Importantly, some of these metabolic alterations are reported to induce a drug resistant phenotype in cancer cells. The acquisition of drug resistance traits severely hinders cancer treatment, being currently considered one of the major challenges of the oncological field. Evidence suggests that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which play a crucial role in intercellular communication, may act as facilitators of tumour progression, survival and drug resistance by modulating several aspects involved in the metabolism of cancer cells. This review aims to gather and discuss relevant data regarding metabolic reprograming in cancer, particularly involving the glycolytic and lipid alterations, focusing on its influence on drug resistance and highlighting the relevance of EVs as intercellular mediators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Polónia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology "G. Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Pendleton KE, Wang K, Echeverria GV. Rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism in therapy-resistant cancers: permanent and plastic adaptations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254313. [PMID: 37779896 PMCID: PMC10534013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of tumor cell metabolism is widely recognized as a "hallmark of cancer." Many of the selective pressures encountered by tumor cells, such as exposure to anticancer therapies, navigation of the metastatic cascade, and communication with the tumor microenvironment, can elicit further rewiring of tumor cell metabolism. Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity has been recently appreciated as an emerging "hallmark of cancer." Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and central hubs of metabolism whose roles in cancers have been a major focus of numerous studies. Importantly, therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria are being developed. Interestingly, both plastic (i.e., reversible) and permanent (i.e., stable) metabolic adaptations have been observed following exposure to anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the plastic or permanent nature of these mechanisms is of crucial importance for devising the initiation, duration, and sequential nature of metabolism-targeting therapies. In this review, we compare permanent and plastic mitochondrial mechanisms driving therapy resistance. We also discuss experimental models of therapy-induced metabolic adaptation, therapeutic implications for targeting permanent and plastic metabolic states, and clinical implications of metabolic adaptations. While the plasticity of metabolic adaptations can make effective therapeutic treatment challenging, understanding the mechanisms behind these plastic phenotypes may lead to promising clinical interventions that will ultimately lead to better overall care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Pendleton
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karen Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gloria V. Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Yao Y, Ng JF, Park WD, Samur M, Morelli E, Encinas Mayoral J, Chyra Z, Xu Y, Derebail S, Epstein C, Nabet B, Chesi M, Gray NS, Young RA, Kwiatkowski N, Mitsiades C, Anderson KC, Lin CY, Munshi NC, Fulciniti M. CDK7 controls E2F- and MYC-driven proliferative and metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma. Blood 2023; 141:2841-2852. [PMID: 36877894 PMCID: PMC10315622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of CDK7 has proven beneficial in preclinical studies, yet the off-target effects of currently available CDK7 inhibitors make it difficult to pinpoint the exact mechanisms behind MM cell death mediated by CDK7 inhibition. Here, we show that CDK7 expression positively correlates with E2F and MYC transcriptional programs in cells from patients with multiple myeloma (MM); its selective targeting counteracts E2F activity via perturbation of the cyclin-dependent kinases/Rb axis and impairs MYC-regulated metabolic gene signatures translating into defects in glycolysis and reduced levels of lactate production in MM cells. CDK7 inhibition using the covalent small-molecule inhibitor YKL-5-124 elicits a strong therapeutic response with minimal effects on normal cells, and causes in vivo tumor regression, increasing survival in several mouse models of MM including a genetically engineered mouse model of MYC-dependent MM. Through its role as a critical cofactor and regulator of MYC and E2F activity, CDK7 is therefore a master regulator of oncogenic cellular programs supporting MM growth and survival, and a valuable therapeutic target providing rationale for development of YKL-5-124 for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Blood Disease Institute, Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jessica Fong Ng
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Woojun Daniel Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mehmet Samur
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Zuzana Chyra
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Xu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sanika Derebail
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Behnam Nabet
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Zhang B, Wang Q, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Zhou S, Zhang T, Zheng D, Chen Z, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Lin X, Dong R, Chen J, Qian H, Hu X, Zhuang Y, Zhang Q, Jin Z, Jiang S, Ma Y. A novel glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of multiple myeloma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1198949. [PMID: 37333985 PMCID: PMC10272536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1198949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer. Glycolysis provides the conditions on which multiple myeloma (MM) thrives. Due to MM's great heterogeneity and incurability, risk assessment and treatment choices are still difficult. Method: We constructed a glycolysis-related prognostic model by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. It was validated in two independent external cohorts, cell lines, and our clinical specimens. The model was also explored for its biological properties, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic response including immunotherapy. Finally, multiple metrics were combined to construct a nomogram to assist in personalized prediction of survival outcomes. Results: A wide range of variants and heterogeneous expression profiles of glycolysis-related genes were observed in MM. The prognostic model behaved well in differentiating between populations with various prognoses and proved to be an independent prognostic factor. This prognostic signature closely coordinated with multiple malignant features such as high-risk clinical features, immune dysfunction, stem cell-like features, cancer-related pathways, which was associated with the survival outcomes of MM. In terms of treatment, the high-risk group showed resistance to conventional drugs such as bortezomib, doxorubicin and immunotherapy. The joint scores generated by the nomogram showed higher clinical benefit than other clinical indicators. The in vitro experiments with cell lines and clinical subjects further provided convincing evidence for our study. Conclusion: We developed and validated the utility of the MM glycolysis-related prognostic model, which provides a new direction for prognosis assessment, treatment options for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanqiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhili Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanru Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rujiao Dong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honglan Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhouxiang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyong Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Murali R, Balasubramaniam V, Srinivas S, Sundaram S, Venkatraman G, Warrier S, Dharmarajan A, Gandhirajan RK. Deregulated Metabolic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer: Cause and Consequence. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040560. [PMID: 37110218 PMCID: PMC10141515 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are tumors that originate from the different cells of the ovary and account for almost 4% of all the cancers in women globally. More than 30 types of tumors have been identified based on the cellular origins. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer which can be further divided into high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma. Ovarian carcinogenesis has been long attributed to endometriosis which is a chronic inflammation of the reproductive tract leading to progressive accumulation of mutations. Due to the advent of multi-omics datasets, the consequences of somatic mutations and their role in altered tumor metabolism has been well elucidated. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in the progression of ovarian cancer. In this review, we highlight the genetic alterations undergone by the key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes responsible for the development of ovarian cancer. We also summarize the role of these oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their association with a deregulated network of fatty acid, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid and amino acid metabolism in ovarian cancers. Identification of genomic and metabolic circuits will be useful in clinical stratification of patients with complex etiologies and in identifying drug targets for personalized therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopak Murali
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Satish Srinivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Lee KY, Liu CM, Chen LH, Lee CY, Lu TP, Chuang LL, Lai LC. Hypoxia-responsive circular RNA circAAGAB reduces breast cancer malignancy by activating p38 MAPK and sponging miR-378 h. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:45. [PMID: 36899354 PMCID: PMC10007766 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a prevalent disease in women, with high prevalence worldwide. The hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors develops during the progress of carcinogenesis and leads to greater malignancy and treatment resistance. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a pivotal role in altering cellular functions. However, the underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in breast cancer are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of a tumor-suppressive circRNA, circAAGAB, in breast cancer by assuming down-regulation of circAAGAB under hypoxia and the properties of a tumor suppressor. METHODS Firstly, circAAGAB was identified from expression profiling by next generation sequencing. Next, the stability of circAAGAB increased by interacting with the RNA binding protein FUS. Moreover, cellular and nuclear fractionation showed that most circAAGAB resided in the cytoplasm and that it up-regulated KIAA1522, NKX3-1, and JADE3 by sponging miR-378 h. Lastly, the functions of circAAGAB were explored by identifying its down-stream genes using Affymetrix microarrays and validated by in vitro assays. RESULTS The results showed that circAAGAB reduced cell colony formation, cell migration, and signaling through p38 MAPK pathway, as well as increased radiosensitivity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the oxygen-responsive circAAGAB acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, and may contribute to the development of a more specific therapeutic regimen for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Liu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Han Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- Master Program for Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chuang
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Satilmis H, Verheye E, Vlummens P, Oudaert I, Vandewalle N, Fan R, Knight JM, De Beule N, Ates G, Massie A, Moreaux J, Maes A, De Bruyne E, Vanderkerken K, Menu E, Sloan EK, De Veirman K. Targeting the β 2 -adrenergic receptor increases chemosensitivity in multiple myeloma by induction of apoptosis and modulating cancer cell metabolism. J Pathol 2023; 259:69-80. [PMID: 36245401 PMCID: PMC10953387 DOI: 10.1002/path.6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While multi-drug combinations and continuous treatment have become standard for multiple myeloma, the disease remains incurable. Repurposing drugs that are currently used for other indications could provide a novel approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of standard multiple myeloma treatments. Here, we assessed the anti-tumor effects of cardiac drugs called β-blockers as a single agent and in combination with commonly used anti-myeloma therapies. Expression of the β2 -adrenergic receptor correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma. Targeting the β2 -adrenergic receptor (β2 AR) using either selective or non-selective β-blockers reduced multiple myeloma cell viability, and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Blockade of the β2 AR modulated cancer cell metabolism by reducing the mitochondrial respiration as well as the glycolytic activity. These effects were not observed by blockade of β1 -adrenergic receptors. Combining β2 AR blockade with the chemotherapy drug melphalan or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib significantly increased apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. These data identify the therapeutic potential of β2 AR-blockers as a complementary or additive approach in multiple myeloma treatment and support the future clinical evaluation of non-selective β-blockers in a randomized controlled trial. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Satilmis
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Emma Verheye
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell ImmunologyVIB Center for Inflammation ResearchBrusselsBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Philip Vlummens
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Clinical HematologyUniversitair Ziekenhuis GentGhentBelgium
| | - Inge Oudaert
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Niels Vandewalle
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jennifer M Knight
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Nathan De Beule
- Department of Clinical HematologyUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Gamze Ates
- Neuro‐Aging & Viro‐Immunotherapy, Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ann Massie
- Neuro‐Aging & Viro‐Immunotherapy, Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological HematologyCHU MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
| | - Anke Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology ThemeMonash UniversityParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
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11
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Nair R, Gupta P, Shanmugam M. Mitochondrial metabolic determinants of multiple myeloma growth, survival, and therapy efficacy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000106. [PMID: 36185202 PMCID: PMC9523312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody producing plasma cells. Despite the use of next generation proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) and immunotherapy, the development of therapy refractory disease is common, with approximately 20% of MM patients succumbing to aggressive treatment-refractory disease within 2 years of diagnosis. A large emphasis is placed on understanding inter/intra-tumoral genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic changes contributing to relapsed/refractory disease, however, the contribution of cellular metabolism and intrinsic/extrinsic metabolites to therapy sensitivity and resistance mechanisms is less well understood. Cancer cells depend on specific metabolites for bioenergetics, duplication of biomass and redox homeostasis for growth, proliferation, and survival. Cancer therapy, importantly, largely relies on targeting cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Thus, understanding the metabolic changes intersecting with a drug's mechanism of action can inform us of methods to elicit deeper responses and prevent acquired resistance. Knowledge of the Warburg effect and elevated aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, including MM, has allowed us to capitalize on this phenomenon for diagnostics and prognostics. The demonstration that mitochondria play critical roles in cancer development, progression, and therapy sensitivity despite the inherent preference of cancer cells to engage aerobic glycolysis has re-invigorated deeper inquiry into how mitochondrial metabolism regulates tumor biology and therapy efficacy. Mitochondria are the sole source for coupled respiration mediated ATP synthesis and a key source for the anabolic synthesis of amino acids and reducing equivalents. Beyond their core metabolic activities, mitochondria facilitate apoptotic cell death, impact the activation of the cytosolic integrated response to stress, and through nuclear and cytosolic retrograde crosstalk maintain cell fitness and survival. Here, we hope to shed light on key mitochondrial functions that shape MM development and therapy sensitivity.
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12
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D'Angelo A, Chapman R, Sirico M, Sobhani N, Catalano M, Mini E, Roviello G. An update on antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: state of the art strategies and what comes next. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:191-205. [PMID: 35953604 PMCID: PMC9402760 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in increasing the knowledge of tumour biology and drug resistance mechanisms in urothelial cancer. Therapeutic strategies have significantly advanced with the introduction of novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors. However, despite these novel agents, advanced urothelial cancer is often still progressive in spite of treatment and correlates with a poor prognosis. The introduction of antibody–drug conjugates consisting of a target-specific monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a payload (cytotoxic agent) is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. In December 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to the nectin-4-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinomas that are refractory to both immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based treatment. Heavily pre-treated urothelial cancer patients reported a significant, 40% response to enfortumab vedotin while other antibody–drug conjugates are currently still under investigation in several clinical trials. We have comprehensively reviewed the available treatment strategies for advanced urothelial carcinoma and outlined the mechanism of action of antibody–drug conjugate agents, their clinical applications, resistance mechanisms and future strategies for urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Robert Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Harlow, CM20 1QX, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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13
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Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081905. [PMID: 35454812 PMCID: PMC9029117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy with eventual emergence of refractory disease. Metabolic shifts, which ensure the availability of sufficient energy to support hyperproliferation of malignant cells, are a hallmark of cancer. Deregulated metabolic pathways have implications for the tumor microenvironment, immune cell function, prognostic significance in MM and anti-myeloma drug resistance. Herein, we summarize recent findings on metabolic abnormalities in MM and clinical implications driven by metabolism that may consequently inspire novel therapeutic interventions. We highlight some future perspectives on metabolism in MM and propose potential targets that might revolutionize the field.
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14
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Visualizing Time-Varying Effect in Survival Analysis: 5 Complementary Plots to Kaplan-Meier Curve. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3934901. [PMID: 35391933 PMCID: PMC8983224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3934901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve has been widely used in the field of oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. However, time-varying effect might be presented in KM curve and cannot be intuitively observed. Complementary plots might promote clear insights in time-varying effect from KM curve. Methods Three KM curves were identified from published randomized control trials: (a) curves diverged immediately; (b) intersected curves with statistical significance; and (c) intersected curves without statistical significance. We reconstructed individual patient data, and plotted 5 complementary plots (difference in survival probability and risk difference, difference in restricted mean survival time, landmark analyses, and hazard ratio over time), along with KM curve. Results Entanglement and intersection of two KM curves would make the 5 complementary plots to fluctuate over time intuitively. Absolute effects were presented in the 3 plots of difference in survival probability, risk, and restricted mean survival time. Changed P values from landmark analyses were used to inspect conditional treatment effect; the turning points could be identified for further landmark analysis. When proportional hazard assumption was not met, estimated hazard ratio from traditional Cox regression was not appropriate, and time-varying hazard ratios could be presented instead of an average and single value. Conclusions The 5 complementary plots with KM curve give a broad and straightforward picture of potential time-varying effect. They will provide clear insight in treatment effect and assist clinicians to make decision comprehensively.
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15
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Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Modulation of Cellular Redox Parameters for Improving Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030455. [PMID: 35326105 PMCID: PMC8944660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Raised oxidative stress and abnormal redox status are typical features of multiple myeloma cells, and the identification of the intimate mechanisms that regulate the relationships between neoplastic cells and redox homeostasis may reveal possible new anti-myeloma therapeutic targets to increase the effectiveness of anti-myeloma drugs synergistically or to eradicate drug-resistant clones while reducing toxicity toward normal cells. An alteration of the oxidative state is not only responsible for the onset of multiple myeloma and its progression, but it also appears essential for the therapeutic response and for developing any chemoresistance. Our review aimed to evaluate the literature’s current data on the effects of oxidative stress on the response to drugs generally employed in the therapy of multiple myeloma, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and autologous transplantation. In the second part of the review, we analyzed the possibility of using other substances, often of natural origin, to modulate the oxidative stress to interfere with the progression of myelomatous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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16
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Shariatzadeh S, Moghimi N, Khalafi F, Shafiee S, Mehrabi M, Ilkhani S, Tosan F, Nakhaei P, Alizadeh A, Varma RS, Taheri M. Metallic Nanoparticles for the Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment; A New Horizon. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:847433. [PMID: 35252155 PMCID: PMC8888840 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.847433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most critical human challenges which endangers many people’s lives every year with enormous direct and indirect costs worldwide. Unfortunately, despite many advanced treatments used in cancer clinics today, the treatments are deficiently encumbered with many side effects often encountered by clinicians while deploying general methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination thereof. Due to their low clinical efficacy, numerous side effects, higher economic costs, and relatively poor acceptance by patients, researchers are striving to find better alternatives for treating this life-threatening complication. As a result, Metal nanoparticles (Metal NPs) have been developed for nearly 2 decades due to their important therapeutic properties. Nanoparticles are quite close in size to biological molecules and can easily penetrate into the cell, so one of the goals of nanotechnology is to mount molecules and drugs on nanoparticles and transfer them to the cell. These NPs are effective as multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer treatment. They have an advantage over routine drugs in delivering anticancer drugs to a specific location. However, targeting cancer sites while performing anti-cancer treatment can be effective in improving the disease and reducing its complications. Among these, the usage of these nanoparticles (NPs) in photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy are notable. Herein, this review is aimed at investigating the effect and appliances of Metal NPs in the modulation tumor microenvironment which bodes well for the utilization of vast and emerging nanomaterial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Moghimi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Khalafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Tosan
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences Dental Student Research Committee, Semnan, Iran
| | - Pooria Nakhaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Alizadeh
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghmna Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri,
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17
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Gastelum G, Veena M, Lyons K, Lamb C, Jacobs N, Yamada A, Baibussinov A, Sarafyan M, Shamis R, Kraut J, Frost P. Can Targeting Hypoxia-Mediated Acidification of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment Kill Myeloma Tumor Cells? Front Oncol 2021; 11:703878. [PMID: 34350119 PMCID: PMC8327776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer arising from malignant plasma cells that engraft in the bone marrow (BM). The physiology of these cancer cells within the BM microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in MM development. These processes may be similar to what has been observed in the TME of other (non-hematological) solid tumors. It has been long reported that within the BM, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), increased angiogenesis and microvessel density, and activation of hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIF) are correlated with MM progression but despite a great deal of effort and some modest preclinical success the overall clinical efficacy of using anti-angiogenic and hypoxia-targeting strategies, has been limited. This review will explore the hypothesis that the TME of MM engrafted in the BM is distinctly different from non-hematological-derived solid tumors calling into question how effective these strategies may be against MM. We further identify other hypoxia-mediated effectors, such as hypoxia-mediated acidification of the TME, oxygen-dependent metabolic changes, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that may prove to be more effective targets against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Gastelum
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mysore Veena
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kylee Lyons
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Lamb
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Jacobs
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra Yamada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alisher Baibussinov
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Martin Sarafyan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebeka Shamis
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffry Kraut
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Frost
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Koomen DC, Meads MB, Magaletti DM, Guingab-Cagmat JD, Oliveira PS, Fang B, Liu M, Welsh EA, Meke LE, Jiang Z, Hampton OA, Tungesvik A, De Avila G, Alugubelli RR, Nishihori T, Silva AS, Eschrich SA, Garrett TJ, Koomen JM, Shain KH. Metabolic Changes Are Associated with Melphalan Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3134-3149. [PMID: 34014671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological malignancy that impacts tens of thousands of people every year in the United States. Treatment for eligible patients involves induction, consolidation with stem cell rescue, and maintenance. High-dose therapy with a DNA alkylating agent, melphalan, remains the primary drug for consolidation therapy in conjunction with autologous stem-cell transplantation; as such, melphalan resistance remains a relevant clinical challenge. Here, we describe a proteometabolomic approach to examine mechanisms of acquired melphalan resistance in two cell line models. Drug metabolism, steady-state metabolomics, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP, data available at PRIDE: PXD019725), acute-treatment metabolomics, and western blot analyses have allowed us to further elucidate metabolic processes associated with melphalan resistance. Proteometabolomic data indicate that drug-resistant cells have higher levels of pentose phosphate pathway metabolites. Purine, pyrimidine, and glutathione metabolisms were commonly altered, and cell-line-specific changes in metabolite levels were observed, which could be linked to the differences in steady-state metabolism of naïve cells. Inhibition of selected enzymes in purine synthesis and pentose phosphate pathways was evaluated to determine their potential to improve melphalan's efficacy. The clinical relevance of these proteometabolomic leads was confirmed by comparison of tumor cell transcriptomes from newly diagnosed MM patients and patients with relapsed disease after treatment with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation. The observation of common and cell-line-specific changes in metabolite levels suggests that omic approaches will be needed to fully examine melphalan resistance in patient specimens and define personalized strategies to optimize the use of high-dose melphalan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Koomen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Mark B Meads
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Dario M Magaletti
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Joy D Guingab-Cagmat
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Paula S Oliveira
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Bin Fang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Min Liu
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Eric A Welsh
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Laurel E Meke
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | | | | | - Alexandre Tungesvik
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Gabriel De Avila
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | | | - Taiga Nishihori
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Ariosto S Silva
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - John M Koomen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Kenneth H Shain
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism to Induce Myeloma Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102411. [PMID: 34067602 PMCID: PMC8156203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological disease characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Over the past two decades, new therapeutic strategies have significantly improved the treatment outcome and patients survival. Nevertheless, most MM patients relapse underlying the need of new therapeutic approaches. Plasma cells are prone to produce large amounts of immunoglobulins causing the production of intracellular ROS. Although adapted to high level of ROS, MM cells die when exposed to drugs increasing ROS production either directly or by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of ROS-generating drugs for inducing MM cell death and counteracting acquired drug resistance specifically toward proteasome inhibitors.
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20
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Chen Y, Quan L, Jia C, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Liu A. Proteomics-Based Approach Reveals the Involvement of SERPINB9 in Recurrent and Relapsed Multiple Myeloma. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2673-2686. [PMID: 33650432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy with poorly understood recurrence and relapse mechanisms. Notably, bortezomib resistance leading to relapse makes MM treatment significantly challenging. To clarify the drug resistance mechanism, we employed a quantitative proteomics approach to identify differentially expressed protein candidates implicated in bortezomib-resistant recurrent and relapsed MM (RRMM). Bone marrow aspirates from five patients newly diagnosed with MM (NDMM) were compared with those from five patients diagnosed with bortezomib-resistant RRMM using tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry (TMT-MS). Subcellular localization and functional classification of the differentially expressed proteins were determined by gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, and hierarchical clustering analyses. The top candidates identified were validated with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis using tissue samples from 11 NDMM and 8 RRMM patients, followed by comparison with the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset of 10 MM patients and 10 healthy controls (accession no.: GSE80608). Thirty-four differentially expressed proteins in RRMM, including proteinase inhibitor 9 (SERPINB9), were identified by TMT-MS. Subsequent functional enrichment analyses of the identified protein candidates indicated their involvement in regulating cellular metabolism, apoptosis, programmed cell death, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and defense response pathways in RRMM. The top protein candidate SERPINB9 was confirmed by PRM analysis and western blotting as well as by comparison with an NCBI GEO dataset. We elucidated the proteome landscape of bortezomib-resistant RRMM and identified SERPINB9 as a promising novel therapeutic target. Our results provide a resource for future studies on the mechanism of RRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lina Quan
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Chuiming Jia
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Guo
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinya Wang
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Immunology Department, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Aichun Liu
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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21
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Ovejero S, Moreaux J. Multi-omics tumor profiling technologies to develop precision medicine in multiple myeloma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic cancer, is caused by accumulation of aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Its molecular causes are not fully understood and its great heterogeneity among patients complicates therapeutic decision-making. In the past decades, development of new therapies and drugs have significantly improved survival of MM patients. However, resistance to drugs and relapse remain the most common causes of mortality and are the major challenges to overcome. The advent of high throughput omics technologies capable of analyzing big amount of clinical and biological data has changed the way to diagnose and treat MM. Integration of omics data (gene mutations, gene expression, epigenetic information, and protein and metabolite levels) with clinical histories of thousands of patients allows to build scores to stratify the risk at diagnosis and predict the response to treatment, helping clinicians to make better educated decisions for each particular case. There is no doubt that the future of MM treatment relies on personalized therapies based on predictive models built from omics studies. This review summarizes the current treatments and the use of omics technologies in MM, and their importance in the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ovejero
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France 3University of Montpellier, UFR Medicine, 34093 Montpellier, France 4 Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris France
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22
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Ovejero S, Moreaux J. Multi-omics tumor profiling technologies to develop precision medicine in multiple myeloma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:65-106. [PMID: 36046090 PMCID: PMC9400753 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic cancer, is caused by accumulation of aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Its molecular causes are not fully understood and its great heterogeneity among patients complicates therapeutic decision-making. In the past decades, development of new therapies and drugs have significantly improved survival of MM patients. However, resistance to drugs and relapse remain the most common causes of mortality and are the major challenges to overcome. The advent of high throughput omics technologies capable of analyzing big amount of clinical and biological data has changed the way to diagnose and treat MM. Integration of omics data (gene mutations, gene expression, epigenetic information, and protein and metabolite levels) with clinical histories of thousands of patients allows to build scores to stratify the risk at diagnosis and predict the response to treatment, helping clinicians to make better educated decisions for each particular case. There is no doubt that the future of MM treatment relies on personalized therapies based on predictive models built from omics studies. This review summarizes the current treatments and the use of omics technologies in MM, and their importance in the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ovejero
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 2Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34000 Montpellier, France 3UFR Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France 4Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris, France
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23
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Hypoxia-Mediated Decrease of Ovarian Cancer Cells Reaction to Treatment: Significance for Chemo- and Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249492. [PMID: 33327450 PMCID: PMC7764929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common factor ruling the microenvironment composition, leads to tumor progression. In this hypoxic context, cytokines and cells cooperate to favor cancer development and metastasis. Tumor hypoxia is heterogeneously distributed. Oxygen gradients depend on the vicinity, functionality of blood vessels, and oxygen ability to diffuse into surrounding tissues. Thus, the vasculature state modulates the microenvironment of the tumor cells. Cells sense and react to small variations in oxygen tension, which explains the lack of tumor cells’ unicity in their reaction to drugs. Ovarian cancers are highly hypoxia-dependent, ascites worsening the access to oxygen, in their reactions to both chemotherapy and new immunotherapy. Consequently, hypoxia affects the results of immunotherapy, and is thus, crucial for the design of treatments. Controlling key immunosuppressive factors and receptors, as well as immune checkpoint molecule expression on tumor, immune and stromal cells, hypoxia induces immunosuppression. Consequently, new approaches to alleviate hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment bring promises for ovarian cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the effects of hypoxia in the microenvironment and its consequences on tumor treatments. This opens the way to innovative combined treatments to the advantage of immunotherapy outcome in ovarian cancers.
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24
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Yu H, Yin Y, Yi Y, Cheng Z, Kuang W, Li R, Zhong H, Cui Y, Yuan L, Gong F, Wang Z, Li H, Peng H, Zhang G. Targeting lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) exerts antileukemic effects on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:501-517. [PMID: 32820611 PMCID: PMC7571401 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is an uncommon and aggressive subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the serum of T‐ALL patients, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is increased. We proposed that targeting LDHA may be a potential strategy to improve T‐ALL outcomes. The current study was conducted to investigate the antileukemic effect of LDHA gene‐targeting treatment on T‐ALL and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Primary T‐ALL cell lines Jurkat and DU528 were treated with the LDH inhibitor oxamate. MTT, colony formation, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were performed to investigate the effects of oxamate on T‐ALL cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting analyses were applied to determine the related signaling pathways. A mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was performed to evaluate ROS production after T‐ALL cells were treated with oxamate. A T‐ALL transgenic zebrafish model with LDHA gene knockdown was established using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology, and then TUNEL, Western blotting, and T‐ALL tumor progression analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of LDHA gene knockdown on T‐ALL transgenic zebrafish. Results Oxamate significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of Jurkat and DU528 cells. It also arrested Jurkat and DU528 cells in G0/G1 phase and stimulated ROS production (all P < 0.001). Blocking LDHA significantly decreased the gene and protein expression of c‐Myc, as well as the levels of phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK‐3β) in the phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. LDHA gene knockdown delayed disease progression and down‐regulated c‐Myc mRNA and protein expression in T‐ALL transgenic zebrafish. Conclusion Targeting LDHA exerted an antileukemic effect on T‐ALL, representing a potential strategy for T‐ALL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Yu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, People's Hospital of Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Yin
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, P. R. China
| | - Yifang Yi
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Wenyong Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Zhong
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Yuan
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Fanjie Gong
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
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25
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Manni S, Fregnani A, Barilà G, Zambello R, Semenzato G, Piazza F. Actionable Strategies to Target Multiple Myeloma Plasma Cell Resistance/Resilience to Stress: Insights From "Omics" Research. Front Oncol 2020; 10:802. [PMID: 32500036 PMCID: PMC7243738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the modern therapeutic armamentarium to treat multiple myeloma (MM) patients allows a longer control of the disease, this second-most-frequent hematologic cancer is still uncurable in the vast majority of cases. Since MM plasma cells are subjected to various types of chronic cellular stress and the integrity of specific stress-coping pathways is essential to ensure MM cell survival, not surprisingly the most efficacious anti-MM therapy are those that make use of proteasome inhibitors and/or immunomodulatory drugs, which target the biochemical mechanisms of stress management. Based on this notion, the recently realized discoveries on MM pathobiology through high-throughput techniques (genomic, transcriptomic, and other "omics"), in order for them to be clinically useful, should be elaborated to identify novel vulnerabilities in this disease. This groundwork of information will likely allow the design of novel therapies against targetable molecules/pathways, in an unprecedented opportunity to change the management of MM according to the principle of "precision medicine." In this review, we will discuss some examples of therapeutically actionable molecules and pathways related to the regulation of cellular fitness and stress resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
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Mohamed A, Collins J, Jiang H, Molendijk J, Stoll T, Torta F, Wenk MR, Bird RJ, Marlton P, Mollee P, Markey KA, Hill MM. Concurrent lipidomics and proteomics on malignant plasma cells from multiple myeloma patients: Probing the lipid metabolome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227455. [PMID: 31914155 PMCID: PMC6948732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells. Though durable remissions are possible, MM is considered incurable, with relapse occurring in almost all patients. There has been limited data reported on the lipid metabolism changes in plasma cells during MM progression. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of concurrent lipidomics and proteomics analyses from patient plasma cells, and report these data on a limited number of patient samples, demonstrating the feasibility of the method, and establishing hypotheses to be evaluated in the future. Methods Plasma cells were purified from fresh bone marrow aspirates using CD138 microbeads. Proteins and lipids were extracted using a bi-phasic solvent system with methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and water. Untargeted proteomics, untargeted and targeted lipidomics were performed on 7 patient samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two comparisons were conducted: high versus low risk; relapse versus newly diagnosed. Proteins and pathways enriched in the relapsed group was compared to a public transcriptomic dataset from Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium reference collection (n = 222) at gene and pathways level. Results From one million purified plasma cells, we were able to extract material and complete untargeted (~6000 and ~3600 features in positive and negative mode respectively) and targeted lipidomics (313 lipids), as well as untargeted proteomics analysis (~4100 reviewed proteins). Comparative analyses revealed limited differences between high and low risk groups (according to the standard clinical criteria), hence we focused on drawing comparisons between the relapsed and newly diagnosed patients. Untargeted and targeted lipidomics indicated significant down-regulation of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in relapsed MM. Although there was limited overlap of the differential proteins/transcripts, 76 significantly enriched pathways in relapsed MM were common between proteomics and transcriptomics data. Further evaluation of transcriptomics data for lipid metabolism network revealed enriched correlation of PC, ceramide, cardiolipin, arachidonic acid and cholesterol metabolism pathways to be exclusively correlated among relapsed but not in newly-diagnosed patients. Conclusions This study establishes the feasibility and workflow to conduct integrated lipidomics and proteomics analyses on patient-derived plasma cells. Potential lipid metabolism changes associated with MM relapse warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joel Collins
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Division of Cancer Care Services, Department of Haematology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- Toowoomba Hospital, Cancer Care Services, Toowoomba, Australia
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hui Jiang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Molendijk
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Stoll
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Federico Torta
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Bird
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Division of Cancer Care Services, Department of Haematology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paula Marlton
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Division of Cancer Care Services, Department of Haematology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Mollee
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Division of Cancer Care Services, Department of Haematology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate A. Markey
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Division of Cancer Care Services, Department of Haematology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle M. Hill
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Ho M, Bianchi G, Anderson KC. Proteomics-inspired precision medicine for treating and understanding multiple myeloma. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020; 5:67-85. [PMID: 34414281 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1732205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Remarkable progress in molecular characterization methods has led to significant improvements in how we manage multiple myeloma (MM). The introduction of novel therapies has led to significant improvements in overall survival over the past 10 years. However, MM remains incurable and treatment choice is largely based on outdated risk-adaptive strategies that do not factor in improved treatment outcomes in the context of modern therapies. Areas covered This review discusses current risk-adaptive strategies in MM and the clinical application of proteomics in the monitoring of treatment response, disease progression, and minimal residual disease (MRD). We also discuss promising biomarkers of disease progression, treatment response, and chemoresistance. Finally, we will discuss an immunomics-based approach to monoclonal antibody (mAb), vaccine, and CAR-T cell development. Expert opinion It is an exciting era in oncology with basic scientific knowledge translating in novel therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. With the advent of effective immunotherapies and targeted therapies, it has become crucial to identify biomarkers to aid in the stratification of patients based on anticipated sensitivity to chemotherapy. As a paradigm of diseases highly dependent on protein homeostasis, multiple myeloma provides the perfect opportunity to investigate the use of proteomics to aid in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giada Bianchi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Wu H, Wang X, Wu T, Yang S. miR-489 suppresses multiple myeloma cells growth through inhibition of LDHA-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Genes Genomics 2019; 42:291-297. [PMID: 31872383 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of miR-489 in human tumors has been widely reported. Lactate dehydrogenase isoform A (LDHA)-mediated aerobic glycolysis participates in proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether miR-489 induced MM growth inhibition via targeting to LDHA-mediated aerobic glycolysis. METHODS Expression of miR-489 in representative MM cell lines was determined via qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). MTT (3-(4, 5-di methyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide) and colony formation assays were utilized to detect cell viability and proliferation. Effect of miR-489 on aerobic glycolysis was detected via glucose uptake, lactate and ATP production. Binding ability between miR-489 and LDHA was conducted via luciferase activity assay. RESULTS MiR-489 was down-regulated in representative MM cell lines. Gain-of functional assays indicated that over-expression of miR-489 decreased cell viability and inhibited cell proliferation of MM cells. Moreover, miR-489 inhibited aerobic glycolysis via decrease of glucose uptake, lactate and ATP production. LDHA was identified as target of miR-489, suggesting a negative correlation between miR-489 and LDHA in MM cells. Mechanically, the inhibition ability of miR-489 on proliferation of MM cells was through inhibition of LDHA-mediated aerobic glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS miR-489 inhibited MM tumor growth via LDHA-mediated glycolytic metabolism, suggesting potential therapeutic target ability of miR-489/LDHA for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Xiasha Campus, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 368 Xiasha Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Xiasha Campus, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 368 Xiasha Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Xiasha Campus, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 368 Xiasha Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Xiasha Campus, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 368 Xiasha Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Tian DD, Bennett SK, Coupland LA, Forwood K, Lwin Y, Pooryousef N, Tea I, Truong TT, Neeman T, Crispin P, D’Rozario J, Blackburn AC. GSTZ1 genotypes correlate with dichloroacetate pharmacokinetics and chronic side effects in multiple myeloma patients in a pilot phase 2 clinical trial. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00526. [PMID: 31624634 PMCID: PMC6783648 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug targeting the glycolytic hallmark of cancer by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK). It is metabolized by GSTZ1, which has common polymorphisms altering enzyme or promoter activity. GSTZ1 is also irreversibly inactivated by DCA. In the first clinical trial of DCA in a hematological malignancy, DiCAM (DiChloroAcetate in Myeloma), we have examined the relationship between DCA concentrations, GSTZ1 genotype, side effects, and patient response. DiCAM recruited seven myeloma patients in partial remission. DCA was administered orally for 3 months with a loading dose. Pharmacokinetics were performed on day 1 and 8. Trough and peak concentrations of DCA were measured monthly. GSTZ1 genotypes were correlated with drug concentrations, tolerability, and disease outcomes. One patient responded and two patients showed a partial response after one month of DCA treatment, which included the loading dose. The initial half-life of DCA was shorter in two patients, correlating with heterozygosity for GSTZ1*A genotype, a high enzyme activity variant. Over 3 months, one patient maintained DCA trough concentrations approximately threefold higher than other patients, which correlated with a low activity promoter genotype (-1002A, rs7160195) for GSTZ1. This patient displayed the strongest response, but also the strongest neuropathy. Overall, serum concentrations of DCA were sufficient to inhibit the constitutive target PDK2, but unlikely to inhibit targets induced in cancer. Promoter GSTZ1 polymorphisms may be important determinants of DCA concentrations and neuropathy during chronic treatment. Novel dosing regimens may be necessary to achieve effective DCA concentrations in most cancer patients while avoiding neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Tian
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | - Lucy A. Coupland
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Kathryn Forwood
- Department of HaematologyThe Canberra HospitalGarranACTAustralia
| | - Yadanar Lwin
- Department of HaematologyThe Canberra HospitalGarranACTAustralia
| | - Niloofar Pooryousef
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Illa Tea
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Thy T. Truong
- Joint Mass Spectrometry FacilityThe Australian National UniversityActonACTAustralia
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Statistical Consulting UnitThe Australian National UniversityActonACTAustralia
| | - Philip Crispin
- Department of HaematologyThe Canberra HospitalGarranACTAustralia
| | - James D’Rozario
- Department of HaematologyThe Canberra HospitalGarranACTAustralia
| | - Anneke C. Blackburn
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
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Jing X, Yang F, Shao C, Wei K, Xie M, Shen H, Shu Y. Role of hypoxia in cancer therapy by regulating the tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:157. [PMID: 31711497 PMCID: PMC6844052 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 984] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Clinical resistance is a complex phenomenon in major human cancers involving multifactorial mechanisms, and hypoxia is one of the key components that affect the cellular expression program and lead to therapy resistance. The present study aimed to summarize the role of hypoxia in cancer therapy by regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to highlight the potential of hypoxia-targeted therapy. METHODS Relevant published studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase using keywords such as hypoxia, cancer therapy, resistance, TME, cancer, apoptosis, DNA damage, autophagy, p53, and other similar terms. RESULTS Recent studies have shown that hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis in patients by regulating the TME. It confers resistance to conventional therapies through a number of signaling pathways in apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, mitochondrial activity, p53, and drug efflux. CONCLUSION Hypoxia targeting might be relevant to overcome hypoxia-associated resistance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Jing
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuchu Shao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyan Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Tumor Metabolism as a Regulator of Tumor-Host Interactions in the B-Cell Lymphoma Microenvironment-Fueling Progression and Novel Brakes for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174158. [PMID: 31454887 PMCID: PMC6747254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metabolism and its specific alterations have become an integral part of understanding functional alterations leading to malignant transformation and maintaining cancer progression. Here, we review the metabolic changes in B-cell neoplasia, focusing on the effects of tumor metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Particularly, innate and adaptive immune responses are regulated by metabolites in the TME such as lactate. With steadily increasing therapeutic options implicating or utilizing the TME, it has become essential to address the metabolic alterations in B-cell malignancy for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss metabolic alterations of B-cell lymphoma, consequences for currently used therapy regimens, and novel approaches specifically targeting metabolism in the TME.
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Rizzieri D, Paul B, Kang Y. Metabolic alterations and the potential for targeting metabolic pathways in the treatment of multiple myeloma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 31020046 PMCID: PMC6476731 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is defined as the collection of complex biochemical processes that living cells use to generate energy and maintain their growth and survival. Metabolism encompasses the synthesis and breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids; the generation of energy (ATP); and oxidative phosphorylation. In cancer cells, metabolism can be commandeered to promote tumor growth and cellular proliferation. These alterations in metabolism have emerged as an additional hallmark of various cancers. In this review we focus on metabolic alterations in multiple myeloma (MM) - a malignancy of plasma cells - including derangements in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid/amino acid synthesis and degradation. Particular focus is given to metabolic alterations that contribute to myeloma cell growth, proliferation and drug resistance. Finally, novel approaches that target metabolic pathways for the treatment of MM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Rizzieri
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barry Paul
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Chanukuppa V, More TH, Taunk K, Taware R, Chatterjee T, Sharma S, Rapole S. Serum metabolomic alterations in multiple myeloma revealed by targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches: a pilot study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29522-29532. [PMID: 35531512 PMCID: PMC9071903 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy characterized by rapid proliferation of plasma cells, which leads to overproduction of antibodies. MM affects around 15% of all hemato-oncology cases across the world. The present study involves identification of metabolomic alterations in the serum of an MM cohort compared to healthy controls using both LC-MRM/MS based targeted and GC-MS based untargeted approaches. Several MM specific serum metabolomic signatures were observed in this study. A total of 54 metabolites were identified as being significantly altered in MM cohort, out of which, 26 metabolites were identified from LC-MRM/MS based targeted analysis, whereas 28 metabolites were identified from the GC-MS based untargeted analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that six metabolites each from both the datasets can be projected as marker metabolites to discriminate MM subjects with higher specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, pathway analysis deciphered that several metabolic pathways were altered in MM including pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, and the citrate cycle. Comprehensively, this study contributes valuable information regarding MM induced serum metabolite alterations and their pathways, which could offer further insights into this cancer. This study presents the potential of serum metabolomics approach towards the segregation of multiple myeloma cohort from healthy controls.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Chanukuppa
- Proteomics Lab
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune-411007
- India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
| | - Tushar H. More
- Proteomics Lab
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune-411007
- India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
| | - Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Lab
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Ravindra Taware
- Proteomics Lab
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune-411007
- India
| | | | | | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune-411007
- India
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Koomen DC, Guingab-Cagmat JD, Oliveira PS, Fang B, Liu M, Welsh EA, Meads MB, Nguyen T, Meke L, Eschrich SA, Shain KH, Garrett TJ, Koomen JM. Proteometabolomics of Melphalan Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1996:273-296. [PMID: 31127562 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9488-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a critical problem for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), which can serve as a specific example for a highly prevalent unmet medical need across almost all cancer types. In MM, the therapeutic arsenal has expanded and diversified, yet we still lack in-depth molecular understanding of drug mechanisms of action and cellular pathways to therapeutic escape. For those reasons, preclinical models of drug resistance are developed and characterized using different approaches to gain insights into tumor biology and elucidate mechanisms of drug resistance. For MM, numerous drugs are used for treatment, including conventional chemotherapies (e.g., melphalan or L-phenylalanine nitrogen mustard), proteasome inhibitors (e.g., Bortezomib), and immunomodulators (e.g., Lenalidomide). These agents have diverse effects on the myeloma cells, and several mechanisms of drug resistance have been previously described. The disparity of these mechanisms and the complexity of these biological processes lead to the formation of complicated hypotheses that require omics approaches for efficient and effective analysis of model systems that can then be interpreted for patient benefit. Here, we describe the combination of metabolomics and proteomics to assess melphalan resistance in MM by examining three specific areas: drug metabolism, modulation of endogenous metabolites to assist in therapeutic escape, and changes in protein activity gauged by ATP probe uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Fang
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Allegra A, Innao V, Gerace D, Allegra AG, Vaddinelli D, Bianco O, Musolino C. The adipose organ and multiple myeloma: Impact of adipokines on tumor growth and potential sites for therapeutic intervention. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 53:12-20. [PMID: 29859797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its capacity to store lipids the adipose tissue is now identified as a real organ with both endocrine and metabolic roles. Preclinical results indicate that modifying adipose tissue and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) could be a successful multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. BMAT interrelates with bone marrow cells and other immune cells, and may influence MM disease progression. The BM adipocytes may have a role in MM progression, bone homing, chemoresistance, and relapse, due to local endocrine, paracrine, or metabolic factors. BM adipocytes isolated from MM subjects have been shown to increase myeloma growth in vitro and may preserve cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. By producing free fatty acids and emitting signaling molecules such as growth factors and adipokines, BM adipocytes are both an energy font and an endocrine signaling factory. This review should suggest future research approaches toward developing novel treatments to target MM by targeting BMAT and its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Gerace
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Doriana Vaddinelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Oriana Bianco
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
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36
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El Arfani C, De Veirman K, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Menu E. Metabolic Features of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1200. [PMID: 29662010 PMCID: PMC5979361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is known for its cellular changes contributing to tumour growth and cell proliferation. As part of these changes, metabolic rearrangements are identified in several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which is a condition whereby malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow (BM). These metabolic changes consist of generation, inhibition and accumulation of metabolites and metabolic shifts in MM cells. Changes in the BM micro-environment could be the reason for such adjustments. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is found in MM cells compared to healthy cells. Metabolites and enzymes can be upregulated or downregulated and play a crucial role in drug resistance. Therefore, this review will focus on changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism linked with the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, metabolites do not only affect other metabolic components to benefit cancer development; they also interfere with transcription factors involved in proliferation and apoptotic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima El Arfani
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Irigoyen M, García-Ruiz JC, Berra E. The hypoxia signalling pathway in haematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36832-36844. [PMID: 28415662 PMCID: PMC5482702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematological malignancies are tumours that affect the haematopoietic and the lymphatic systems. Despite the huge efforts to eradicate these tumours, the percentage of patients suffering resistance to therapies and relapse still remains significant. The tumour environment favours drug resistance of cancer cells, and particularly of cancer stem/initiating cells. Hypoxia promotes aggressiveness, metastatic spread and relapse in most of the solid tumours. Furthermore, hypoxia is associated with worse prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments through activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors. Haematological malignancies are not considered solid tumours, and therefore, the role of hypoxia in these diseases was initially presumed to be inconsequential. However, hypoxia is a hallmark of the haematopoietic niche. Here, we will review the current understanding of the role of both hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in different haematological tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Irigoyen
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Ruiz
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Spain
| | - Edurne Berra
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain
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Yang X, Ye H, He M, Zhou X, Sun N, Guo W, Lin X, Huang H, Lin Y, Yao R, Wang H. LncRNA PDIA3P interacts with c-Myc to regulate cell proliferation via induction of pentose phosphate pathway in multiple myeloma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:207-213. [PMID: 29501744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic malignancy, is an incurable disease characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. Though great progresses have been made in understanding the mechanisms of MM, metabolic plasticity and drug resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we found lncRNA Protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 pseudogene 1 (PDIA3P) is highly expressed in MM and is associated with the survival rate of MM patients. PDIA3P regulates MM growth and drug resistance through Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Mechanistically, we revealed that PDIA3P interacts with c-Myc to enhance its transactivation activity and binding to G6PD promoter, stimulating G6PD expression and PPP flux. Our study identified PDIA3P as a novel c-Myc interacting lncRNA and elucidated crucial roles for PDIA3P in metabolic regulation of MM, providing a potential therapeutic target for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchou Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Haihao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Wenzhou TCM Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Muqing He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaohai Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ni Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wenjian Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaoji Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rongxin Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Fedorchuk O, Susak Y, Rudyk M, Senchylo N, Khranovska N, Skachkova O, Skivka L. Immunological hallmarks of cis-DDP-resistant Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:373-385. [PMID: 29290023 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor cell resistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major hurdles to successful cancer treatment with these drugs, and is associated with alterations in tumor cell immune evasion and immunomodulatory properties. Immunocyte targeting is considered as a relevant approach to fight drug-resistant cancer. In this study, immunological hallmarks of cis-DDP-resistant Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC/R9) were investigated. METHODS Immunological features of LLC/R9 cells cultured in vitro in normoxic and hypoxic conditions as well as of those that were grown in vivo were examined. The expression of immunologically relevant genes was evaluated by RT-PCR. Tumor cell susceptibility to the macrophage contact tumoricidal activity and NK-mediated cytolysis was investigated in MTT test. TNF-α-mediated tumor cell apoptosis as well as macrophage phagocytosis, oxidative metabolism, and CD206 expression after the treatment with conditioned media from normoxic and hypoxic tumor cells were studied by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also used to characterize dendritic cell maturity. RESULTS When growing in vitro, LLC/R9 were characterized by slightly increased immunosuppressive cytokine gene expression. Transition to in vivo growth was associated with the enhancement of transcription of these genes in tumor cells. LLC/R9 cells had lowered sensitivity to contact-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity and to the TNFα-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Conditioned media from hypoxic LLC/R9 cells stimulated reactive oxygen species generation and CD206 expression in non-sensitized macrophages. Acquisition of drug resistance by LLC/R9 cells was associated with their increased sensitivity to NK-cell-mediated cytolysis. Meanwhile, the treatment of LLCR/9-bearing animals with generated ex vivo and loaded with LLC/R9 cell-lysate dendritic cells (DCs) resulted in profoundly enhanced tumor metastasizing. CONCLUSION Decreased sensitivity to macrophage cytolysis, polarizing effect on DCs maturation along with increased susceptibility to NK-cell cytotoxic action promote extensive local growth of chemoresistant LLC/R9 tumors in vivo, but hamper their metastasizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr Fedorchuk
- R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Susak
- O.O Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Rudyk
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kitayevska str., 14-16, ap. 12, Kyiv, 03083, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Senchylo
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kitayevska str., 14-16, ap. 12, Kyiv, 03083, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Larysa Skivka
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kitayevska str., 14-16, ap. 12, Kyiv, 03083, Ukraine.
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Kuczma M, Ding ZC, Zhou G. Immunostimulatory Effects of Melphalan and Usefulness in Adoptive Cell Therapy with Antitumor CD4+ T Cells. Crit Rev Immunol 2017; 36:179-191. [PMID: 27910767 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2016017507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The alkylating agent melphalan is used in the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially multiple myeloma. In the past, the usefulness of melphalan has been solely attributed to its cytotoxicity on fastgrowing cancerous cells. Although the immunomodulatory effects of melphalan were suggested many years ago, only recently has this aspect of melphalan's activity begun to be elucidated at the molecular level. Emerging evidence indicates that melphalan can foster an immunogenic microenvironment by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) as characterized by membrane translocation of endoplasmic reticulum protein calreticulin (CRT) and by release of chromatin-binding protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In addition, the lympho-depletive effect of melphalan can induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, deplete regulatory T cells, and create space to facilitate the expansion of infused tumor-reactive T cells. These features suggest that melphalan can be used as a preparative chemotherapy for adoptive T-cell therapy. This notion is supported by our recent work demonstrating that the combination of melphalan and adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells can mediate potent antitumor effects in animal models. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding and utilizing the immunomodulatory effects of melphalan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kuczma
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Civallero M, Cosenza M, Pozzi S, Sacchi S. Ruxolitinib combined with vorinostat suppresses tumor growth and alters metabolic phenotype in hematological diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103797-103814. [PMID: 29262601 PMCID: PMC5732767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK-2 dysregulation plays an important role as an oncogenic driver, and is thus a promising therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Ruxolitinib is a pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine derivative with inhibitory activity against JAK1 and JAK2, moderate activity against TYK2, and minor activity against JAK3. Vorinostat is an HDAC inhibitor that reduces JAK-2 expression, thus affecting JAK-2 mRNA expression and increasing JAK-2 proteasomal deterioration. Here we hypothesized that the combination of ruxolitinib and vorinostat could have synergistic effects against hematological disease. We tested combinations of low doses of ruxolitinib and vorinostat in 12 cell lines, and observed highly synergistic cytotoxic action in six cell lines, which was maintained for up to 120 h in the presence of stromal cells. The sensitivity of the six cell lines may be explained by the broad effects of the drug combination, which can affect various targets. Treatment with the combination of ruxolitinib and vorinostat appeared to induce a possible reversal of the Warburg effect, with associated ROS production, apoptotic events, and growth inhibition. Decreased glucose metabolism may have markedly sensitized the six more susceptible cell lines to combined treatment. Therapeutic inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway seems to offer substantial anti-tumor benefit, and combined therapy with ruxolitinib and vorinostat may represent a promising novel therapeutic modality for hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Civallero
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cosenza
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Pozzi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Sacchi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone disease is a defining characteristic of multiple myeloma (MM) and the major cause of morbidity. It manifests as lytic lesions or osteopenia and is often associated with severe pain, pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, vertebral collapse, and hypercalcemia. Here, we have reviewed recent data on understanding its biology and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The imbalance between bone regeneration and bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteolytic bone disease. Increased osteoclast proliferation and activity accompanied by inhibition of bone-forming osteoblasts leads to progressive bone loss and lytic lesions. Although tremendous progress has been made, MM remains an incurable disease. Novel agents targeting bone disease are under investigation with the goal of not only preventing bone loss and improving bone quality but also harnessing MM tumor growth. Current data illustrate that the interactions between MM cells and the tumor-bone microenvironment contribute to the bone disease and continued MM progression. A better understanding of this microenvironment is critical for novel therapeutic treatments of both MM and associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panaroni
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Nowicki M, Wierzbowska A, Małachowski R, Robak T, Grzybowska-Izydorczyk O, Pluta A, Szmigielska-Kapłon A. VEGF, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, and MMP-9 expression in the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and its impact on the time to engraftment. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:2103-2112. [PMID: 28956132 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a site of complicated interactions among cytokines, bone marrow niche has been the subject of many scientific studies, mainly in the context of the proteins influencing damage or recovery of endothelium after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we aimed at exploring mutual correlations of bone marrow niche cytokines involved in the homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells, as well as in angiogenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate levels of cytokines: VEGF, angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) during autologous HSCT and to examine their influence on hematological recovery. Forty-three patients with hematological malignancies (33 multiple myeloma, 10 lymphoma) were enrolled in the study. Plasma samples were taken at five time points: before conditioning treatment (BC), on transplantation day (0) and 7 (+7), 14 (+14), and 21 (+21) days after HSCT. The cytokine levels were evaluated by ELISA method. Our study revealed decreased levels of VEGF, ANGPT1, and MMP-9 in the early post-transplant period as compared to the baseline (BC). ANGPT2 was decreased after conditioning treatment, but tended to increase from day +7. On day +7, positive correlations between ANGPT1 level as well as MMP-9 and the time to engraftment were observed. As opposite to ANGPT1, negative correlation between ANGPT2 level on day +7 after HSCT and the time to hematological recovery was noticed. Our study suggests that investigated cytokines are an important part of bone marrow environment and significantly influence the time to engraftment after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Nowicki
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer and Traumatology Center, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbowska
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer and Traumatology Center, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Roman Małachowski
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer and Traumatology Center, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer and Traumatology Center, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Grzybowska-Izydorczyk
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer and Traumatology Center, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pluta
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer and Traumatology Center, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Szmigielska-Kapłon
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer and Traumatology Center, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Zatula A, Dikic A, Mulder C, Sharma A, Vågbø CB, Sousa MML, Waage A, Slupphaug G. Proteome alterations associated with transformation of multiple myeloma to secondary plasma cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19427-19442. [PMID: 28038447 PMCID: PMC5386695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm that may either originate de novo (primary PCL) or by leukemic transformation of multiple myeloma (MM) to secondary PCL (sPCL). The prognosis of sPCL is very poor, and currently no standard treatment is available due to lack of prospective clinical studies. In an attempt to elucidate factors contributing to transformation, we have performed super-SILAC quantitative proteome profiling of malignant plasma cells collected from the same patient at both the MM and sPCL stages of the disease. 795 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the MM and sPCL samples. Gene ontology analysis indicated a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis in sPCL as well as marked down-regulation of enzymes involved in glycan synthesis, potentially mediating altered glycosylation of surface receptors. There was no significant change in overall genomic 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the two stages, indicating that epigenetic dysregulation was not a major driver of transformation to sPCL. The present study constitutes the first attempt to provide a comprehensive map of the altered protein expression profile accompanying transformation of MM to sPCL in a single patient, identifying several candidate proteins that can be targeted by currently available small molecule drugs. Our dataset furthermore constitutes a reference dataset for further proteomic analysis of sPCL transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Zatula
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aida Dikic
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Celine Mulder
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Present address: University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Cathrine B Vågbø
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, Department of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
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45
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Lopes-Rodrigues V, Di Luca A, Mleczko J, Meleady P, Henry M, Pesic M, Cabrera D, van Liempd S, Lima RT, O'Connor R, Falcon-Perez JM, Vasconcelos MH. Identification of the metabolic alterations associated with the multidrug resistant phenotype in cancer and their intercellular transfer mediated by extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44541. [PMID: 28303926 PMCID: PMC5356019 DOI: 10.1038/srep44541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious obstacle to efficient cancer treatment. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a significant role in MDR. Recent studies proved that targeting cellular metabolism could sensitize MDR cells. In addition, metabolic alterations could affect the extracellular vesicles (EVs) cargo and release. This study aimed to: i) identify metabolic alterations in P-gp overexpressing cells that could be involved in the development of MDR and, ii) identify a potential role for the EVs in the acquisition of the MDR. Two different pairs of MDR and their drug-sensitive counterpart cancer cell lines were used. Our results showed that MDR (P-gp overexpressing) cells have a different metabolic profile from their drug-sensitive counterparts, demonstrating decreases in the pentose phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation rate; increases in glutathione metabolism and glycolysis; and alterations in the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine pathway. Remarkably, EVs from MDR cells were capable of stimulating a metabolic switch in the drug-sensitive cancer cells, towards a MDR phenotype. In conclusion, obtained results contribute to the growing knowledge about metabolic alterations in MDR cells and the role of EVs in the intercellular transfer of MDR. The specific metabolic alterations identified in this study may be further developed as targets for overcoming MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lopes-Rodrigues
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-UP - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- NICB - National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Justyna Mleczko
- Exosomes Laboratory &Metabolomics platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | - Paula Meleady
- NICB - National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- NICB - National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Milica Pesic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Cabrera
- Exosomes Laboratory &Metabolomics platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Raquel T Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology - FMUP - Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert O'Connor
- NICB - National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory &Metabolomics platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Gu Z, Xia J, Xu H, Frech I, Tricot G, Zhan F. NEK2 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis in Multiple Myeloma Through Regulating Splicing of Pyruvate Kinase. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:17. [PMID: 28086949 PMCID: PMC5237262 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic glycolysis, a hallmark of cancer, is characterized by increased metabolism of glucose and production of lactate in normaxia. Recently, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been identified as a key player for regulating aerobic glycolysis and promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival. METHODS Tandem affinity purification followed up by mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to study the interaction between NIMA (never in mitosis gene A)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) A1/2. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to identify NEK2 binding to PKM pre-mRNA sequence. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR was performed to analyze a transcriptional regulation of NEK2 by c-Myc. Western blot and real-time PCR were executed to analyze the regulation of PKM2 by NEK2. RESULTS NEK2 regulates the alternative splicing of PKM immature RNA in multiple myeloma cells by interacting with hnRNPA1/2. RIP shows that NEK2 binds to the intronic sequence flanking exon 9 of PKM pre-mRNA. Knockdown of NEK2 decreases the ratio of PKM2/PKM1 and also other aerobic glycolysis genes including GLUT4, HK2, ENO1, LDHA, and MCT4. Myeloma patients with high expression of NEK2 and PKM2 have lower event-free survival and overall survival. Our data indicate that NEK2 is transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc in myeloma cells. Ectopic expression of NEK2 partially rescues growth inhibition and cell death induced by silenced c-Myc. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that NEK2 promotes aerobic glycolysis through regulating splicing of PKM and increasing the PKM2/PKM1 ratio in myeloma cells which contributes to its oncogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 585 Newton Rd, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 585 Newton Rd, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 585 Newton Rd, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ivana Frech
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 585 Newton Rd, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Guido Tricot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 585 Newton Rd, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 585 Newton Rd, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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47
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The metabolomic signature of hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res 2016; 49:22-35. [PMID: 27526405 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing accumulation of knowledge raises hopes that understanding tumor metabolism will provide new ways for predicting, diagnosing, and even treating cancers. Some metabolic biomarkers are at present routinely utilized to diagnose cancer and metabolic alterations of tumors are being confirmed as therapeutic targets. The growing utilization of metabolomics in clinical research may rapidly turn it into one of the most potent instruments used to detect and fight tumor. In fact, while the current state and trends of high throughput metabolomics profiling focus on the purpose of discovering biomarkers and hunting for metabolic mechanism, a prospective direction, namely reprogramming metabolomics, highlights the way to use metabolomics approach for the aim of treatment of disease by way of reconstruction of disturbed metabolic pathways. In this review, we present an ample summary of the current clinical appliances of metabolomics in hematological malignancies.
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48
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Signaling Interplay between Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Multiple Myeloma cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27379019 PMCID: PMC4911365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg (1) defined the six Hallmarks of Cancer as: self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth mechanisms, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless replicative potential, and sustained angiogenesis. Eleven years later, two new Hallmarks were added to the list (avoiding immune destruction and reprograming energy metabolism) and two new tumor characteristics (tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability and mutation) (2). In multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive cancer of the plasma cell that grows predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), it is clear that all these hallmarks and characteristics are in play, contributing to tumor initiation, drug resistance, disease progression, and relapse. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a newly recognized contributor to MM oncogenesis and disease progression, potentially affecting MM cell metabolism, immune action, inflammation, and influences on angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the confirmed and hypothetical contributions of BMAT to MM development and disease progression. BMAT has been understudied due to technical challenges and a previous lack of appreciation for the endocrine function of this tissue. In this review, we define the dynamic, responsive, metabolically active BM adipocyte. We then describe how BMAT influences MM in terms of: lipids/metabolism, hypoxia/angiogenesis, paracrine or endocrine signaling, and bone disease. We then discuss the connection between BMAT and systemic inflammation and potential treatments to inhibit the feedback loops between BM adipocytes and MM cells that support MM progression. We aim for researchers to use this review to guide and help prioritize their experiments to develop better treatments or a cure for cancers, such as MM, that associate with and may depend on BMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
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