1
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Jiang H, Mao T, Liu Y, Tan X, Sun Z, Cheng Y, Han X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shi L, Guo Y, Li J, Han H. Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction in HFD-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rats Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908128. [PMID: 35721171 PMCID: PMC9202027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, characterized by excessive accumulation of hepatocyte fat. However, there is no exact and effective pharmacotherapy for NAFLD. Yinchen linggui zhugan decoction (YLZD) has been widely used to treat NAFLD. Nevertheless, its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. This study was carried out to investigate the active components of YLZD and explore its potential mechanisms for treating NAFLD by network pharmacology and experimental verification. The results showed that a total of 120 active components of YLZD and 365 targets were retrieved through databases, and the main active ingredients of YLZD consisted of chlorogenic acid, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, and geniposide. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed fundamental roles of TNF, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1α, and insulin resistance signaling pathways in the treatment of NAFLD by YLZD. Moreover, our experimental verification results showed that YLZD improved the liver pathological and cholesterol level, and reduced the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, CCL2, and CXCL10 in NAFLD rats, which all belonged to TNF signaling pathway. The molecular docking confirmed the correlation between the four core components (chlorogenic acid, emodin, rhein, and geniposide) and key factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB) in TNF signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study systematically clarified the protective mechanisms of YLZD against NAFLD through targeting the TNF signaling pathway, and provided new ideas for the drug research of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiao Han
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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2
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Karan D. CCL23 in Balancing the Act of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Antitumor Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:727583. [PMID: 34671553 PMCID: PMC8522494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.727583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a cellular process in response to stress stimuli in protecting functional activities. However, sustained hyperactive ER stress influences tumor growth and development. Hepatocytes are enriched with ER and highly susceptible to ER perturbations and stress, which contribute to immunosuppression and the development of aggressive and drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ER stress-induced inflammation and tumor-derived chemokines influence the immune cell composition at the tumor site. Consequently, a decrease in the CCL23 chemokine in hepatic tumors is associated with poor survival of HCC patients and could be a mechanism hepatic tumor cells use to evade the immune system. This article describes the prospective role of CCL23 in alleviating ER stress and its impact on the HCC tumor microenvironment in promoting antitumor immunity. Moreover, approaches to reactivate CCL23 combined with immune checkpoint blockade or chemotherapy drugs may provide novel opportunities to target hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Karan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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3
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Yu Y, Chen D, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Dong X. Melatonin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in db/db mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211036819. [PMID: 34399601 PMCID: PMC8375339 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211036819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly accompanied by obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the mechanism underlying diabetes-related NAFLD is not fully understood. It has been reported that melatonin can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aims to investigate the actions and mechanisms of melatonin toward the development of diabetes-related NAFLD. Methods: Melatonin (bid, 30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administrated to db/db mice for 8 weeks, while saline was administrated to db/m mice. The metabolic parameters of mice were measured using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The oxidative stress indexes and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined with kits. Pathological assessment in liver tissues was used to analyze the effects of melatonin on hepatic steatosis. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected with ELISA kits. The mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome were detected using quantitative real-time PCR assay, and protein expressions were estimated using Western blotting assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the caspase-1 expression in the liver. Results: Melatonin treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, serum insulin, body weight, related liver weight, serum lipids, and hepatic enzymes in db/db mice. Melatonin markedly corrected the NAFLD phenotypes, including lipid accumulation, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress levels. Melatonin significantly improved the MMP level and decreased the serum IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations. The mRNA levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome could also be remarkably reversed by melatonin in the liver tissues. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was also suppressed, evidenced by the downregulated proteins of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. The enhanced fluorescence intensity of caspase-1 in the liver tissues was also obviously weakened by the melatonin treatment. Conclusion: Our study concluded that melatonin could safeguard against NAFLD by improving hepatic steatosis in db/db mice, and this action could be associated with the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongru Chen
- Community Health Service Center of Suoqian Town, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in both metabolic health and pathophysiology. Its expansion in obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity, with contributions to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and cancer. Obesity prevalence is at an all-time high and is projected to be 50% in the United States by 2030. AT is home to a large variety of immune cells, which are critical to maintain normal tissue functions. For example, γδ T cells are fundamental for AT innervation and thermogenesis, and macrophages are required for recycling of lipids released by adipocytes. The expansion of visceral white AT promotes dysregulation of its immune cell composition and likely promotes low-grade chronic inflammation, which has been proposed to be the underlying cause for the complications of obesity. Interestingly, weight loss after obesity alters the AT immune compartment, which may account for the decreased risk of developing these complications. Recent technological advancements that allow molecular investigation on a single-cell level have led to the discovery of previously unappreciated heterogeneity in many organs and tissues. In this review, we will explore the heterogeneity of immune cells within the visceral white AT and their contributions to homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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5
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. ER stress activates immunosuppressive network: implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:633-650. [PMID: 32279085 PMCID: PMC7220864 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains stress sensors which recognize the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the lumen of ER, and subsequently these transducers stimulate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The ER sensors include the IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 transducers which activate the UPR in an attempt to restore the quality of protein folding and thus maintain cellular homeostasis. If there is excessive stress, UPR signaling generates alarmins, e.g., chemokines and cytokines, which activate not only tissue-resident immune cells but also recruit myeloid and lymphoid cells into the affected tissues. ER stress is a crucial inducer of inflammation in many pathological conditions. A chronic low-grade inflammation and cellular senescence have been associated with the aging process and many age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, it is known that immune cells can exhibit great plasticity, i.e., they are able to display both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in a context-dependent manner. The microenvironment encountered in chronic inflammatory conditions triggers a compensatory immunosuppression which defends tissues from excessive inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that chronic ER stress augments the suppressive phenotypes of immune cells, e.g., in tumors and other inflammatory disorders. The activation of immunosuppressive network, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), has been involved in the aging process and Alzheimer’s disease. We will examine in detail whether the ER stress-related changes found in aging tissues and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with the activation of immunosuppressive network, as has been observed in tumors and many chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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6
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Myricitrin Ameliorates Hyperglycemia, Glucose Intolerance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051870. [PMID: 32182914 PMCID: PMC7084451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that myricitrin (MYR) improves type 2 diabetes, we examined the effect of MYR on hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: non-diabetic, diabetic control, and MYR (0.005%, w/w)-supplemented diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by HFD and STZ, and MYR was administered orally for 5 weeks. Myricitrin exerted no significant effects on food intake, body weight, fat weight, or plasma lipids levels. However, MYR significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose intolerance, and increased pancreatic β-cell mass compared to the diabetic control group. Myricitrin administration also markedly increased glucokinase mRNA expression and activity as well as lowered glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA expression and activity in the liver. In addition, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and lipid droplet accumulation were markedly decreased following MYR administration. These changes were seemingly attributable to the suppression of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes—fatty acid synthase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. Myricitrin also significantly lowered plasma MCP-1 and TNF-α levels and the mRNA expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory genes. These results suggest that MYR has anti-diabetic potential.
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7
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CCR2 knockout ameliorates obesity-induced kidney injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and ER stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222352. [PMID: 31498850 PMCID: PMC6733486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL2/CCR2 signaling is believed to play an important role in kidney diseases. Several studies have demonstrated that blocking of CCR2 has a therapeutic effect on kidney diseases. However, the effects of CCR2 knockout on obesity-induced kidney injury remain unclear. We investigated the therapeutic effects and the mechanism of CCL2/CCR2 signaling in obesity-induced kidney injury. We used C57BL/6-CCR2 wild type and C57BL/6-CCR2 knockout mice: Regular diet wild type (RD WT), RD CCR2 knockout (RD KO), High-fat diet WT (HFD WT), HFD CCR2 KO (HFD KO). Body weight of WT mice was significantly increased after HFD. However, the body weight of HFD KO mice was not decreased compared to HFD WT mice. Food intake and calorie showed no significant differences between HFD WT and HFD KO mice. Glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels increased in HFD WT mice were decreased in HFD KO mice. Insulin resistance, increased insulin secretion, and lipid accumulation showed in HFD WT mice were improved in HFD KO mice. Increased desmin expression, macrophage infiltration, and TNF-α in HFD mice were reduced in HFD KO mice. HFD-induced albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and podocyte effacement were restored by CCR2 depletion. HFD-induced elevated expressions of xBP1, Bip, and Nox4 at RNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in HFD KO. Therefore, blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signaling by CCR2 depletion might ameliorate obesity-induced albuminuria through blocking oxidative stress, ER stress, and lipid accumulation.
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8
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Shen H, Ming Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Zhao S, Zhang Q. Deregulation of long noncoding RNA (TUG1) contributes to excessive podocytes apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15123-15133. [PMID: 30671964 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of how TUG1 interferes with the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to explore the regulatory relationship among TUG1, CHOP, PGC-1α, and caspase-3. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling was performed to confirm TUG1 involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) through influencing podocytes apoptosis. TUG1 was highly expressed in a cell following treatment with high glucose, and PGC-1α and cleaved caspase-3 levels were much lower, while CHOP level was much higher in high glucose group (HG), furthermore, CHOP inhibited PGC-1α expression. TUG1 negatively regulated CHOP expression, and positively regulated PGC-1α expression. Meanwhile, total caspase-3 level in cell treated with or without HG transfected with CHOP small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), TUG1, and TUG1 siRNA showed no evident difference with their corresponding control, while CHOP siRNA and TUG1 evidently decreased, and TUG1 siRNA remarkably increased cleaved caspase-3 level in HG or normal glucose groups in comparison with corresponding control. TUG1 and PGC-1α levels were much lower, while CHOP level was much higher in participants diagnosed with DN. A higher level of CHOP protein and lower level of PGC-1α were observed in subjects diagnosed with DN. Finally, podocytes apoptosis in the DN group was significantly promoted compared with that in nondiabetic renal disease group. Our current study has suggested for the first time that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TUG1 influenced podocytes apoptosis via mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-CHOP-PGC-1α signaling pathway in HG-induced DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Ming
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanlan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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9
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Zhang K, Luo J. Role of MCP-1 and CCR2 in alcohol neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:360-366. [PMID: 30472461 PMCID: PMC6360095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse causes profound damage to both the developing brain and the adult brain. Prenatal exposure to alcohol results in a wide range of deficits known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Alcohol abuse in adults is associated with brain shrinkage, memory and attention deficits, communication disorders and physical disabilities. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate the recruitment and activation of monocytes and microglia. Both MCP-1 and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) expressed in the brain are involved in various neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of MCP-1/CCR2 in alcohol-induced brain damage is unclear. Recent evidence indicates that alcohol exposure increased the activity of MCP-1/CCR2 in both mature and developing central nervous systems (CNS). MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in the brain was involved in alcohol drinking behavior. MCP-1/CCR2 inhibition alleviated alcohol neurotoxicity by reducing microglia activation/neuroinflammation in the developing brain and spinal cord. In this review, we discussed the role of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage. We also discussed the signaling cascades that are involved in the activation of MCP-1/CCR2 in response to alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington VA Health Care System, Research & Development, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, USA.
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10
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Oriquat GA, Ali MA, Mahmoud SA, Eid RMHM, Hassan R, Kamel MA. Improving hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis as a postulated mechanism for the antidiabetic effect of Spirulina platensis in comparison with metformin. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:357-364. [PMID: 30208279 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Various nutritional and medicinal potencies have been accredited to metabolites from the cyanobacteria, Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) sp. Hence, our study was designed to examine whether the Spirulina supplementation would possess beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in comparison with metformin. High-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) model was adopted and the diabetic rats were orally treated with metformin (200 mg/kg) or Spirulina (250 or 500 or 750 mg/kg) for 30 days. Spirulina ameliorated the HFD/STZ-induced elevation of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and hepatic enzymes. Moreover, Spirulina successfully rectified disrupted serum lipid profile and exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect via tumor necrosis factor-α and adiponectin modulation. On the molecular level, Spirulina reduced the expression of hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), confirming its lipotropic effect. Furthermore, Spirulina amended compromised hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis signaling by significantly increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. On almost all parameters, the highest dose of Spirulina showed the best effects, which were comparable to that of metformin. To our knowledge, our study is the first to attribute the various aspects of the effect of Spirulina to the SREBP-1c and PGC-1α/Tfam/mtDNA pathways in liver. The present results clearly proved that Spirulina modulated glucose/lipid profile and exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory properties through SREBP-1c inhibition and hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis enhancement. Thus, Spirulina can be considered as an add-on to conventional antidiabetic agents and might influence the whole dynamics of the therapeutic approaches in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb A Oriquat
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- b Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, PO Box 37, Alexandria 21648, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Mahmoud
- c Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Rania M H M Eid
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Rania Hassan
- e Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21648, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- c Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
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Chen X, Xu Y, Zhao D, Chen T, Gu C, Yu G, Chen K, Zhong Y, He J, Liu S, Nie Y, Yang H. LncRNA-AK012226 Is Involved in Fat Accumulation in db/db Mice Fatty Liver and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Cell Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:888. [PMID: 30135656 PMCID: PMC6092710 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Instances of obesity and related metabolic abnormalities are increasing across the world. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder in obese people and is becoming the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play remarkable roles in numerous biological processes and human diseases, including NAFLD. However, the function of lncRNA in NAFLD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the lncRNA expression profile in NAFLD mice and to identify novel lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We performed microarray analysis to compare the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of diabetic db/db mice with NAFLD and normal mice. A total of 3360 lncRNAs (2048 up-regulated and 1312 down-regulated) and 2685 mRNAs (1195 up-regulated and 1490 down-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed between the NAFLD and control groups. Real-time PCR validation of five differentially expressed lncRNAs in the liver samples was consistent with the microarray results. Besides, the up-regulated lncRNA, AK012226, was also significantly increased in an NCTC1469 NAFLD cellular model. Thus, the up-regulated lncRNA, AK012226, was chosen for subsequent studies. A co-expression network of AK012226-mRNAs was constructed and bioinformatic analysis of these co-expressed mRNAs indicated that they were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. Furthermore, Nile red staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed that knockdown of AK012226 by siRNA significantly reduced the lipid accumulation in the NCTC1469 cells treated with free fatty acids. In conclusion, the present study identifies the dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in NAFLD, and in particular, a novel lncRNA, AK012226, was identified to be associated with lipid accumulation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cadre Health Care, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganxiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cadre Health Care, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Zhang K, Wang H, Xu M, Frank JA, Luo J. Role of MCP-1 and CCR2 in ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the developing brain. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:197. [PMID: 29976212 PMCID: PMC6034273 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and microglial activation have been implicated in both alcohol use disorders (AUD) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) are critical mediators of neuroinflammation and microglial activation. FASD is the leading cause of mental retardation, and one of the most devastating outcomes of FASD is the loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remain unclear. We hypothesize that MCP-1/CCR2 signaling mediates ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and microglial activation, which exacerbates neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Methods C57BL/6 mice and mice deficient of MCP-1 (MCP-1−/−) and CCR2 (CCR2−/−) were exposed to ethanol on postnatal day 4 (PD4). Neuroinflammation, and microglial activation, and neurodegeneration in the brain were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. A neuronal and microglial co-culture system was used to evaluate the role of microglia and MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Specific inhibitors were employed to delineate the involved signaling pathways. Results Ethanol-induced microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and a drastic increase in the mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1. Treatment of Bindarit (MCP-1 synthesis inhibitor) and RS504393 (CCR2 antagonist) significantly reduced ethanol-induced microglia activation/neuroinflammation, and neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. MCP-1−/− and CCR2−/− mice were more resistant to ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis. Moreover, ethanol plus MCP-1 caused more neuronal death in a neuron/microglia co-culture system than neuronal culture alone, and Bindarit and RS504393 attenuated ethanol-induced neuronal death in the co-culture system. Ethanol activated TLR4 and GSK3β, two key mediators of microglial activation in the brain and cultured microglial cells (SIM-A9). Blocking MCP-1/CCR2 signaling attenuated ethanol-induced activation of TLR4 and GSK3β. Conclusion MCP-1/CCR2 signaling played an important role in ethanol-induced microglial activation/neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the developing brain. The effects may be mediated by the interaction among MCP-1/CCR2 signaling, TLR4, and GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 132 Health Sciences Research Building, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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13
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Ding S, Jiang J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Yin J, Wang X, Wang S, Yu Z. Resveratrol reduces the inflammatory response in adipose tissue and improves adipose insulin signaling in high-fat diet-fed mice. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5173. [PMID: 29967759 PMCID: PMC6027658 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-induced glucose metabolism disorder is associated with chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation and is considered a risk factor for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Resveratrol (RES), a natural anti-inflammatory compound, is observed to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese rodents and humans. This study aimed to test the effects of RES administration on insulin signaling and the inflammatory response in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Methods A total of 40 wild-type C57BL/6 male mice were divided into four groups (10 in each group): the standard chow diet (STD) group was fed a STD; the HFD group was fed a HFD; and the HFD-RES/L and HFD-RES/H groups were fed a HFD plus RES (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively). The L and H in RES/L and RES/H stand for low and high, respectively. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, circulating inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profile were determined. Quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression of CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), other inflammation markers, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and pAkt/Akt and to assess targets of interest involving glucose metabolism and inflammation in visceral WAT. Results HFD increased the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and proinflammatory cytokines in serum, decreased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in serum, and induced insulin resistance and WAT inflammation in mice. However, RES treatment alleviated insulin resistance, increased the expressions of pAkt, GLUT4 and IRS-1 in WAT, and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, macrophage infiltration and CCR2 expression in WAT. Conclusion Our results indicated that WAT CCR2 may play a vital role in macrophage infiltration and the inflammatory response during the development of insulin resistance in HFD-induced obesity. These data suggested that administration of RES offers protection against abnormal glucose metabolism and inflammatory adaptations in visceral WAT in mice with HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jianli Yin
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Sui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
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Li R, Zhang M, Wang Y, Yung KKL, Su R, Li Z, Zhao L, Dong C, Cai Z. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to atmospheric PM 2.5 on fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the livers of rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:271-282. [PMID: 30090581 PMCID: PMC6062260 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed that exposure to PM2.5 is linked to liver cancer. However, the hepatic toxicity and relevant molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 have not yet been fully described. Herein, we report on our investigation of the fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in the livers of rats, caused by exposure to PM2.5 during summer and winter in Taiyuan, China. Male SD rats were sub-chronically exposed to PM2.5 (in summer: 0.2, 0.6, 1.5 mg per kg of b.w.; in winter: 0.3, 1.5, 2.7 mg per kg of b.w.) via intratracheal instillation once every 3 days for 60 days. The results showed that exposure to high dosages of PM2.5 caused the following: (1) hepatic histopathological changes and liver function decline through elevating the activities of AST, ALT, CYP450 and GST; (2) triggered liver fibrosis, in which TGF-β1, Col I, Col III, and MMP13 mRNA and protein expression were significantly upregulated, and enhanced inflammation with the overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6 and HO-1 versus the control; (3) induced liver ER stress and cell apoptosis via activating the GRP78/ATF6/CHOP/TRB3/caspase 12 pathway. The data also indicated that the liver injury induced by winter PM2.5 in Taiyuan was more serious compared to that induced by summer PM2.5. This work provides new insight into the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced liver injury, and aids the understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which PM2.5 might affect liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science , Institute of Biotechnology Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Mei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science , Institute of Biotechnology Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science , Institute of Biotechnology Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Institute of Environmental Science , Institute of Biotechnology Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Department of Biology , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China . ; ; Tel: (+852)-34117070
| | - Ruijun Su
- Institute of Environmental Science , Institute of Biotechnology Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Environmental Science , Institute of Biotechnology Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Liping Zhao
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Taiyuan , PR China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science , Institute of Biotechnology Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Department of Biology , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China . ; ; Tel: (+852)-34117070
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15
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Huh JH, Kim HM, Lee ES, Kwon MH, Lee BR, Ko HJ, Chung CH. Dual CCR2/5 Antagonist Attenuates Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance by Regulating Macrophage Recruitment and M1/M2 Status. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:378-386. [PMID: 29280303 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue inflammation induced by macrophage infiltration through the C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 2 or CCR5 pathway has a pivotal role in obesity-related disease and insulin resistance. Here, the effect of PF4178903, a dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist, on obesity and insulin resistance was evaluated. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups as follows: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) RD with PF4178903, (3) high-fat diet (HFD), and (4) HFD with PF4178903. All mice were sacrificed 12 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Biochemical analyses and adipose tissue examinations were performed. RESULTS After treatment with PF4178903, both body weight and adipocyte size in white adipose tissue were decreased in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, PF4178903 treatment reduced adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and lowered serum proinflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. PF4178903 treatment significantly improved HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that PF4178903 treatment reduced the CD8 + T cell fraction in white adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. PF4178903 treatment reduced M1-polarized macrophages while inducing an M2-dominant shift in macrophages within white adipose tissue in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonism ameliorates insulin resistance and inflammation in obesity by regulating ATM recruitment and polarization in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Ra Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Ren Z, Wang X, Yang F, Xu M, Frank JA, Wang H, Wang S, Ke ZJ, Luo J. Ethanol-induced damage to the developing spinal cord: The involvement of CCR2 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2746-2761. [PMID: 28778590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure during development causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). A large body of evidence shows that ethanol produces multiple abnormalities in the developing central nervous system (CNS), such as smaller brain size, reduced volume of cerebral white matter, permanent loss of neurons, and alterations in synaptogenesis and myelinogenesis. The effects of ethanol on the developing spinal cord, however, receive little attention and remain unclear. We used a third trimester equivalent mouse model to investigate the effect of ethanol on the developing spinal cord. Ethanol caused apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the dorsal horn neurons of mice of early postnatal days, which was accompanied by glial activation, macrophage infiltration, and increased expression of CCR2, a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Ethanol-induced neuronal death during development resulted in permanent loss of spinal cord neurons in adult mice. Ethanol stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress, and activated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. Knocking out MCP-1 or CCR2 made mice resistant to ethanol-induced apoptosis, ER stress, glial activation, and activation of GSK3β and JNK. CCR2 knock out offered much better protection against ethanol-induced damage to the spinal cord. Thus, developmental ethanol exposure caused permanent loss of spinal cord neurons and CCR2 signaling played an important role in ethanol neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ren
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Fanmuyi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Zun-Ji Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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17
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Kim HM, Kim YM, Huh JH, Lee ES, Kwon MH, Lee BR, Ko HJ, Chung CH. α-Mangostin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by inhibition C-C chemokine receptor 2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179204. [PMID: 28598982 PMCID: PMC5466328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces various metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. Fat expansion in adipose tissue induces adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic syndromes. α-Mangostin (α-MG) has been previously studied for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-MG on adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic steatosis. We categorized study animals into four groups: regular diet control mice, RD mice treated with α-MG, high fat diet-induced obese mice, and HFD mice treated with α-MG. α-MG treatment significantly reduced not only the body, liver, and fat weights, but also plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels in HFD mice. Additionally, adiponectin levels of α-MG-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control HFD mice. Immunohistochemistry of liver and adipose tissue showed that CD11c expression was reduced in α-MG fed obese mice. α-MG treatment of HFD mice down-regulated the adipose-associated inflammatory cytokines and CCR2 in both liver and adipose tissue. Moreover, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved in α-MG fed obese mice. α-Mangostin ameliorates adipose inflammation and hepatic steatosis in HFD-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - You Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Bo Ra Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lejnev K, Khomsky L, Bokvist K, Mistriel-Zerbib S, Naveh T, Farb TB, Alsina-Fernandez J, Atlas D. Thioredoxin-mimetic peptides (TXM) inhibit inflammatory pathways associated with high-glucose and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:557-571. [PMID: 27658743 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Impaired insulin signaling and the associated insulin-resistance in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, represents a hallmark of the pathogenesis of type 2-diabetes-mellitus. Here we show that in the liver of db/db mice, a murine model of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia, the elevated activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK; ERK1/2 and p38MAPK), and Akt/PKB are abolished by rosiglitazone-treatment, which normalizes blood glucose in db/db mice. This is unequivocal evidence of a functional link between the activation of the MAPK specific inflammatory-pathway and high-blood sugar. A similar reduction in ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and Akt activities but without affecting blood-glucose was observed in the liver of db/db mice treated with a molecule that mimics the action of thioredoxin, called thioredoxin-mimetic peptide (TXM). N-Acetyl-Cys-Pro-Cys-amide (TXM-CB3) is a free radical scavenger, a reducing and denitrosylating reagent that protects the cells from early death induced by inflammatory pathways. TXM-CB3 also lowered MAPK signaling activated by the disruption of the thioredoxin-reductase-thioredoxin (Trx-TrxR) redox-system and restored Akt activity in rat hepatoma FAO cells. Similarly, two other TXM-peptides, N-Acetyl-Cys-Met-Lys-Cys-amide (TXM-CB13; DY70), and N-Acetyl-Cys-γGlu-Cys-Cys-amide (TXM-CB16; DY71), lowered insulin- and oxidative stress-induced ERK1/2 activation, and rescued HepG2 cells from cell death. The potential impact of TXM-peptides on inhibiting inflammatory pathways associated with high-glucose could be effective in reversing low-grade inflammation. TXM-peptides might also have the potential to improve insulin resistance by protecting from posttranslational modifications like nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Lejnev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Lena Khomsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Krister Bokvist
- Lilly Research Labs DC0522, Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Shani Mistriel-Zerbib
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Tahel Naveh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Thomas Bradley Farb
- Lilly Research Labs DC0522, Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Jorge Alsina-Fernandez
- Lilly Research Labs DC0522, Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Wu H, Deng X, Shi Y, Su Y, Wei J, Duan H. PGC-1α, glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:R99-R115. [PMID: 27094040 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by glucose metabolic disturbance. A number of transcription factors and coactivators are involved in this process. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is an important transcription coactivator regulating cellular energy metabolism. Accumulating evidence has indicated that PGC-1α is involved in the regulation of T2DM. Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of PGC-1α may shed light on more efficient therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the most recent progress on PGC-1α and discuss its regulatory network in major glucose metabolic tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and kidney. The significant associations between PGC-1α polymorphisms and T2DM are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Wu
- Department of PathologyHebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinna Deng
- Departments of Oncology & ImmunotherapyHebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of PathologyHebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Su
- Mathew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation StudiesLawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada Departments of Medicine and PathologyUniversity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinying Wei
- Department of PathologyHebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of PathologyHebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang, China
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Shi CX, Zhao MX, Shu XD, Xiong XQ, Wang JJ, Gao XY, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. β-aminoisobutyric acid attenuates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21924. [PMID: 26907958 PMCID: PMC4764829 DOI: 10.1038/srep21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a nature thymine catabolite, and contributes to exercise-induced protection from metabolic diseases. Here we show the therapeutical effects of BAIBA on hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced by combined streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Oral administration of BAIBA for 4 weeks reduced blood glucose and lipids levels, hepatic key enzymes of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis expressions, attenuated hepatic insulin resistance and lipid accumulation, and improved insulin signaling in type 2 diabetic mice. BAIBA reduced hepatic ER stress and apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, BAIBA alleviated ER stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells with glucosamine-induced insulin resistance. Hepatic AMPK phosphorylation was reduced in STZ/HFD mice and glucosamine-treated HepG2 cells, which were restored by BAIBA treatment. The suppressive effects of BAIBA on glucosamine-induced ER stress were reversed by knockdown of AMPK with siRNA. In addition, BAIBA prevented thapsigargin- or tunicamycin-induced ER stress, and tunicamycin–induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that BAIBA attenuates hepatic ER stress, apoptosis and glucose/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes. AMPK signaling is involved to the role of BAIBA in attenuating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Shu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xing-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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DJ-1 deficiency alleviates steatosis in cultured hepatocytes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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