1
|
Baljinnyam T, Fukuda S, Niimi Y, Prough D, Enkhbaatar P. Combined treatment with vitamin C, hydrocortisone and thiamine does not attenuate morbidity and mortality of septic sheep. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:27. [PMID: 39135077 PMCID: PMC11318330 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is associated with a highest mortality rate in the ICU. Present study tests the efficacy of combined therapy with vitamin C, hydrocortisone and thiamine (combined therapy) in the ovine model of sepsis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, sepsis was induced in sheep by instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 × 1011 CFU) into the lungs via bronchoscope, under anesthesia. Nine hours after injury, intravenous infusion of vitamin C (0.75 g every 6 h), hydrocortisone (25 mg every 6 h), and thiamine (100 mg every 12 h) or saline was given to the treatment and control groups. Cardiopulmonary variables were recorded. RESULTS The survival rate was 16.7% in control and 33.3% in treatment groups. In the control group, mean arterial pressure dropped from 93.6 ± 8.6 to 75.5 ± 9.7 mmHg by 9 h, which was not affected by the combined therapy. Pulmonary dysfunction was not attenuated by the combined therapy either. The combined therapy had no effect on increased extravascular lung water content and fluid effusion into thoracic cavity. The bacterial number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly increased in the treatment group than the control group. The blood bacterial number remained comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS Combined vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine did not attenuate severity of ovine sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuvshintugs Baljinnyam
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Donald Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elkhamary A, Gerner I, Bileck A, Oreff GL, Gerner C, Jenner F. Comparative proteomic profiling of the ovine and human PBMC inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14939. [PMID: 38942936 PMCID: PMC11213919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation requires robust animal models. Sheep are commonly used in immune-related studies, yet the validity of sheep as animal models for immune and inflammatory diseases remains to be established. This cross-species comparative study analyzed the in vitro inflammatory response of ovine (oPBMCs) and human PBMCs (hPBMCs) using mass spectrometry, profiling the proteome of the secretome and whole cell lysate. Of the entire cell lysate proteome (oPBMCs: 4217, hPBMCs: 4574 proteins) 47.8% and in the secretome proteome (oPBMCs: 1913, hPBMCs: 1375 proteins) 32.8% were orthologous between species, among them 32 orthologous CD antigens, indicating the presence of six immune cell subsets. Following inflammatory stimulation, 71 proteins in oPBMCs and 176 in hPBMCs showed differential abundance, with only 7 overlapping. Network and Gene Ontology analyses identified 16 shared inflammatory-related terms and 17 canonical pathways with similar activation/inhibition patterns in both species, demonstrating significant conservation in specific immune and inflammatory responses. However, ovine PMBCs also contained a unique WC1+γδ T-cell subset, not detected in hPBMCs. Furthermore, differences in the activation/inhibition trends of seven canonical pathways and the sets of DAPs between sheep and humans, emphasize the need to consider interspecies differences in translational studies and inflammation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Elkhamary
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - I Gerner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G L Oreff
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Jenner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Motta G, Thangaraj SV, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep. TOXICS 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 38250971 PMCID: PMC10818936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) plays a critical role in the developmental programming of liver dysfunction that is characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circadian and aging processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the prenatal BPA-induced fatty-liver phenotype of female sheep is associated with premature hepatic senescence and disruption in circadian clock genes. The expression of circadian rhythm and aging-associated genes, along with other markers of senescence such as telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and lipofuscin accumulation, were evaluated in the liver tissue of control and prenatal BPA groups. Prenatal BPA exposure significantly elevated the expression of aging-associated genes GLB1 and CISD2 and induced large magnitude differences in the expression of other aging genes-APOE, HGF, KLOTHO, and the clock genes PER2 and CLOCK-in the liver; the other senescence markers remained unaffected. Prenatal BPA-programmed aging-related transcriptional changes in the liver may contribute to pathological changes in liver function, elucidating the involvement of aging genes in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (S.V.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Zou J, Wang Y, Wang J, Ji X, Zhang T, Chu Y, Cui R, Zhang G, Shi G, Wu Y, Kang Y. Hydralazine inhibits neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in APP/PS1 mice via TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109706. [PMID: 37661037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and curative treatment has not been developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of hydralazine (Hyd, a hypertension treatment drug) on the development process of AD and its mechanisms. We treated 6-month-old male APP/PS1 mice with Hyd for 5 weeks, measured changes in behavior and pathological status, and analyzed differences in gene expression by RNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that Hyd improved cognitive deficits and decreased amyloid beta protein deposition in the cortex and hippocampus, while RNA sequencing analysis suggested that the regulation of neuroinflammation and energy metabolism might play pivotal roles for Hyd's beneficial effects. Therefore, we further investigated inflammatory response, redox state, and mitochondrial function, as well as the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent neuroinflammation gene and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant gene in AD mice. The results showed that Hyd reduced the damage of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial dysfunction, downregulated pro-inflammation gene expression, and upregulated antioxidant gene expression. The results in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cell model demonstrated that Hyd suppressed pro-inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, by silencing the Nrf2 gene expression, it was found that Hyd can reduce LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Therefore, administration of Hyd in the early stage of AD might be beneficial in delaying the pathological development of AD via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiayang Zou
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tianyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Geming Shi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Yunxiao Kang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wildi K, Livingstone S, Ainola C, Colombo SM, Heinsar S, Sato N, Sato K, Bouquet M, Wilson E, Abbate G, Passmore M, Hyslop K, Liu K, Wang X, Palmieri C, See Hoe LE, Jung JS, Ki K, Mueller C, Laffey J, Pelosi P, Li Bassi G, Suen J, Fraser J. Application of anti-inflammatory treatment in two different ovine Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome injury models: a preclinical randomized intervention study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17986. [PMID: 37863994 PMCID: PMC10589361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the presence of 2 subphenotypes among the heterogenous Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) population is becoming clinically accepted, subphenotype-specific treatment efficacy has yet to be prospectively tested. We investigated anti-inflammatory treatment in different ARDS models in sheep, previously shown similarities to human ARDS subphenotypes, in a preclinical, randomized, blinded study. Thirty anesthetized sheep were studied up to 48 h and randomized into: (a) OA: oleic acid (n = 15) and (b) OA-LPS: oleic acid and subsequent lipopolysaccharide (n = 15) to achieve a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of < 150 mmHg. Then, animals were randomly allocated to receive treatment with methylprednisolone or erythromycin or none. Assessed outcomes were oxygenation, pulmonary mechanics, hemodynamics and survival. All animals reached ARDS. Treatment with methylprednisolone, but not erythromycin, provided the highest therapeutic benefit in Ph2 animals, leading to a significant increase in PaO2/FiO2 ratio by reducing pulmonary edema, dead space ventilation and shunt fraction. Animals treated with methylprednisolone displayed a higher survival up to 48 h than all others. In animals treated with erythromycin, there was no treatment benefit regarding assessed physiological parameters and survival in both phenotypes. Treatment with methylprednisolone improves oxygenation and survival, more so in ovine phenotype 2 which resembles the human hyperinflammatory subphenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wildi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Samantha Livingstone
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carmen Ainola
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sebastiano Maria Colombo
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silver Heinsar
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Noriko Sato
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kei Sato
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mahé Bouquet
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emily Wilson
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabriella Abbate
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Margaret Passmore
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kieran Hyslop
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keibun Liu
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Australia
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jae-Seung Jung
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Katrina Ki
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Laffey
- Galway University Hospitals, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Uniting Care Hospitals, St Andrews War Memorial and The Wesley Intensive Care Units, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacky Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Uniting Care Hospitals, St Andrews War Memorial and The Wesley Intensive Care Units, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luan Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Duan X, Su P, Li Q, Pang Y, Gou M. Identification and characterization of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway-related genes involving lamprey (Lampetra japonica) innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108967. [PMID: 37488041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway is involved in several biological functions, including immunosuppression, inflammatory response, and tumor suppression. Six TRP-KYN pathway-related genes, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), aminoadipate aminotransferase (AADAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (GOT2), kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), and kynureninase (KYNU) have been identified and cloned from the jawless vertebrate lamprey (Lampetra japonica) to gain insights into their evolution and characterization. Expression distribution showed that the key gene Lj-TDO was highly expressed in the oral gland. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that TRP-KYN pathway-related genes were significantly overexpressed after multi-stimulation. RNA interference showed that Lj-IDO2 knockdown regulated the expression of inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our study successfully clarified the ancestral features and functions of the TRP-KYN pathway, while providing valuable insights into the involvement of this pathway in the immune responses of a jawless vertebrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Luan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Wentong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xuyuan Duan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kannan N, Koshy T, Raavi V, Bhaskar E, Moorthy S, Pulivadula Mohanarangam VS, Srinivas Kondaveeti S, Visweswaran S, Perumal V. Candidate Gene Expression in Regional Population and Its Relevance for Radiation Triage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:210-222. [PMID: 37253332 DOI: 10.1159/000531258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of gene expression signatures has been substantiated as a potential and rapid marker for radiation triage and biodosimetry during nuclear emergencies. Similar to the established biodosimetry assays, the gene expression assay has drawbacks such as being highly dynamic and transient, not specific to ionizing radiation, and also influenced by confounding factors such as gender, health status, lifestyle, and inflammation. In view of that, prior knowledge of baseline expression of certain candidate genes in a population could complement the discrimination of the unexposed from the exposed individuals without the need for individual pre-exposure controls. We intended to establish a baseline expression of reported radiation-responsive genes such as CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA in the blood samples of healthy human participants and then compare it with diabetic/hypertension participants (as a chronic inflammatory condition) drawn from south Indian population. Further, we have examined the appropriateness of the assay for radiation triage-like situations; i.e., the expression profiles of those genes were examined in the participants who underwent X-ray-based medical imaging. Acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide exposure in the blood significantly increased the fold expression of those genes (p < 0.0001) compared to the control. Whereas the basal expression level of those genes among the participants with the inflammatory condition is marginally higher than those observed in the healthy participants; despite the excess, the fold increase in those genes between the groups did not differ significantly. Consistent with the inflammatory participants, the basal expression level of those genes in the blood sample of participants who received X-radiation during neuro-interventional and computed tomography imaging is marginally higher than those observed in the pre-exposure of respective groups. Nevertheless, the fold increase in those genes did not differ significantly as the fold change fell within the two folds. Thus, overall results suggest that the utility of CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA gene expression for radiation triage specific after very low-dose radiation exposure needs to be interpreted with caution for a much more reliable triage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Kannan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Teena Koshy
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Kolar, India
| | - Emmanuel Bhaskar
- Department of General Medicine, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Swathy Moorthy
- Department of General Medicine, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkata Sai Pulivadula Mohanarangam
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Satish Srinivas Kondaveeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Shangamithra Visweswaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu XL, Zhao Y, Chen MM, Li Y, Li Y, Wu SJ, Zhang JL, Zhang XS, Yu K, Lian ZX. Shifts in intestinal microbiota and improvement of sheep immune response to resist Salmonella infection using Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1075164. [PMID: 36876076 PMCID: PMC9974671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1075164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) identifies Gram-negative bacteria or their products and plays a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens. In the intestine, TLR4 recognizes bacterial ligands and interacts with the immune system. Although TLR4 signaling is a vital component of the innate immune system, the influence of TLR4 overexpression on innate immune response and its impact on the composition of the intestinal microbiota is unknown. Methods Here, we obtained macrophages from sheep peripheral blood to examine phagocytosis and clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in macrophages. Meanwhile, we characterized the complex microbiota inhabiting the stools of TLR4 transgenic (TG) sheep and wild-type (WT) sheep using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) deep sequencing. Results The results showed that TLR4 overexpression promoted the secretion of more early cytokines by activating downstream signaling pathways after stimulation by S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, diversity analysis demonstrated TLR4 overexpression increased microbial community diversity and regulated the composition of intestinal microbiota. More importantly, TLR4 overexpression adjusted the gut microbiota composition and maintained intestinal health by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and inflammation and oxidative stress-producing bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae) and upregulating the abundance of Bacteroidetes population and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Prevotellaceae. These dominant bacterial genera changed by TLR4 overexpression revealed a close correlation with the metabolic pathways of TG sheep. Discussion Taken together, our findings suggested that TLR4 overexpression can counteract S. Typhimurium invasion as well as resist intestinal inflammation in sheep by regulating intestinal microbiota composition and enhancing anti-inflammatory metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ming Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Jun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alan A, Alan E, Arslan K, Daldaban F, Aksel EG, Çınar MU, Akyüz B. LPS- and LTA-Induced Expression of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α in Lymph Nodes of the Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-15. [PMID: 36062368 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory processes play a critical role in the innate immune response during the initial interaction between the infecting microorganism and immune cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible microanatomical and histological differences in mandibular and bronchial lymph nodes in Akkaraman and Romanov lambs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and study the gene, protein, and immunoexpression levels of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that are involved in the immune system. Microanatomical examinations demonstrated more intense lymphocyte infiltration in the bronchial lymph nodes of Akkaraman lambs in the LPS and LTA groups compared to Romanov lambs. TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α immunoreactivities were more intense in the experimental groups of both breeds. Expression levels of MyD88 and TNF-α genes in the bronchial lymph node of Akkaraman lambs were found to increase statistically significantly in the LTA group. TLR4 gene expression level in the mandibular lymph node was found to be statistically significantly higher in the LTA + LPS group. In conclusion, dynamic changes in the immune cell populations involved in response to antigens such as LTA and LPS in the lymph nodes of both breeds can be associated with the difference in the expression level of the TLR4/MyD88/TNF-α genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Alan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Korhan Arslan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fadime Daldaban
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esma Gamze Aksel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ulaş Çınar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Effect of Leptin on the Blood Hormonal Profile (Cortisol, Insulin, Thyroid Hormones) of the Ewe in Acute Inflammation in Two Different Photoperiodical Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158109. [PMID: 35897684 PMCID: PMC9331064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a day animal with sensitivity to inflammation similar to that of humans, the sheep may highly outperform the rodent model in inflammation studies. Additionally, seasonality makes sheep an interesting model in endocrinology research. Although there are studies concerning inflammation’s influence on leptin secretion and vice versa, a ewe model, with its possible ‘long-day leptin resistance’, is still not examined enough. The present study aimed to examine whether leptin may modulate an acute inflammation influence on plasma hormones in two photoperiodical conditions. The experiment was conducted on 48 ewes divided into four groups (control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leptin, LPS + leptin) during short and long days. Blood sampling started 1 hour before and continued 3 h after LPS/saline administration for further hormonal analysis. The results showed that the photoperiod is one of the main factors influencing the basal concentrations of several hormones with higher values of leptin, insulin and thyroid hormones during long days. Additionally, the acute inflammation effect on cortisol, insulin and thyroid hormones was photoperiod-dependent. The endotoxemia may also exert an influence on leptin concentration regardless of season. The effects of leptin alone on hormone blood concentrations are rather limited; however, leptin can modulate the LPS influence on insulin or thyroxine in a photoperiod-dependent way.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wildi K, Bouquet M, Ainola C, Livingstone S, Colombo SM, Heinsar S, Sato N, Sato K, Wilson E, Abbate G, Passmore MR, Hyslop K, Liu K, Li Bassi G, Suen JY, Fraser JF. Differential Protein Expression among Two Different Ovine ARDS Phenotypes-A Preclinical Randomized Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070655. [PMID: 35888779 PMCID: PMC9319228 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of comprehensive research, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The discovery of inflammatory subphenotypes in human ARDS provides a new approach to study the disease. In two different ovine ARDS lung injury models, one induced by additional endotoxin infusion (phenotype 2), mimicking some key features as described in the human hyperinflammatory group, we aim to describe protein expression among the two different ovine models. Nine animals on mechanical ventilation were included in this study and were randomized into (a) phenotype 1, n = 5 (Ph1) and (b) phenotype 2, n = 4 (Ph2). Plasma was collected at baseline, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. After protein extraction, data-independent SWATH-MS was applied to inspect protein abundance at baseline, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Cluster analysis revealed protein patterns emerging over the study observation time, more pronounced by the factor of time than different injury models of ARDS. A protein signature consisting of 33 proteins differentiated among Ph1/2 with high diagnostic accuracy. Applying network analysis, proteins involved in the inflammatory and defense response, complement and coagulation cascade, oxygen binding, and regulation of lipid metabolism were activated over time. Five proteins, namely LUM, CA2, KNG1, AGT, and IGJ, were more expressed in Ph2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wildi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mahe Bouquet
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Carmen Ainola
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Samantha Livingstone
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Sebastiano Maria Colombo
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silver Heinsar
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Noriko Sato
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Kei Sato
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Emily Wilson
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Gabriella Abbate
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Margaret R. Passmore
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Kieran Hyslop
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Keibun Liu
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
- Medical Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
- Uniting Care Hospitals, St Andrews War Memorial and The Wesley Intensive Care Units, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Jacky Y. Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - John F. Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4032, Australia; (M.B.); (C.A.); (S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (E.W.); (G.A.); (M.R.P.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (G.L.B.); (J.Y.S.); (J.F.F.)
- Medical Faculty, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia
- Uniting Care Hospitals, St Andrews War Memorial and The Wesley Intensive Care Units, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burmeister DM, Supp DM, Clark RA, Tredget EE, Powell HM, Enkhbaatar P, Bohannon JK, Cancio LC, Hill DM, Nygaard RM. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Small and Large Animals in Burn Research: Proceedings of the 2021 Research Special Interest Group. J Burn Care Res 2022; 43:1032-1041. [PMID: 35778269 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple animal species and approaches have been used for modeling different aspects of burn care, with some strategies considered more appropriate or translatable than others. On April 15, 2021, the Research Special Interest Group of the American Burn Association held a virtual session as part of the agenda for the annual meeting. The session was set up as a pro/con debate on the use of small versus large animals for application to four important aspects of burn pathophysiology: burn healing/conversion; scarring; inhalation injury; and sepsis. For each of these topics, 2 experienced investigators (one each for small and large animal models) described the advantages and disadvantages of using these preclinical models. The use of swine as a large animal model was a common theme due to anatomic similarities with human skin. The exception to this was a well-defined ovine model of inhalation injury; both of these species have larger airways which allow for incorporation of clinical tools such as bronchoscopes. However, these models are expensive and demanding from labor and resource standpoints. Various strategies have been implemented to make the more inexpensive rodent models appropriate for answering specific questions of interest in burns. Moreover, modelling burn-sepsis in large animals has proven difficult. It was agreed that the use of both small and large animal models have merit for answering basic questions about the responses to burn injury. Expert opinion and the ensuing lively conversations are summarized herein, which we hope will help inform experimental design of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Burmeister
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Richard A Clark
- Stony Brook University, Departments of Dermatology, Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Firefighters' Burn Treatment Unit, Department of Surgery, 2D3.31 Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Heather M Powell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leopoldo C Cancio
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - David M Hill
- Firefighters' Burn Center, Regional One Health, 877 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rachel M Nygaard
- Department of Surgery, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fashina O, Abbasciano RG, McQueen LW, Ladak S, George SJ, Suleiman S, Punjabi PP, Angelini GD, Zakkar M. Large animal model of vein grafts intimal hyperplasia: A systematic review. Perfusion 2022:2676591221091200. [PMID: 35624557 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the treatment of choice for a large cohort of patients with significant coronary disease. Despite the increased use of arterial grafts, the long saphenous vein remains the most commonly used conduit. Long-term graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. This is due to the development of intimal hyperplasia, a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the narrowing and occlusion of a significant number of vein grafts. Research models for intimal hyperplasia are essential for a better understanding of pathophysiological processes of this condition. Large animal models resemble human anatomical structures and have been used as a surrogate to study disease development and prevention over the years. In this paper, we systematically review all published studies that utilized large animal models of vein graft disease with a focus on the type of model and any therapeutic intervention, specifically the use of external stents/mesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatomini Fashina
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Riccardo G Abbasciano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Liam W McQueen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Shameem Ladak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Sadeeh Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Prakash P Punjabi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fukuda S, Niimi Y, Hirasawa Y, Manyeza ER, Garner CE, Southan G, Salzman AL, Prough DS, Enkhbaatar P. Modulation of oxidative and nitrosative stress attenuates microvascular hyperpermeability in ovine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23966. [PMID: 34907252 PMCID: PMC8671546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In sepsis, microvascular hyperpermeability caused by oxidative/nitrosative stress (O&NS) plays an important role in tissue edema leading to multi-organ dysfunctions and increased mortality. We hypothesized that a novel compound R-107, a modulator of O&NS, effectively ameliorates the severity of microvascular hyperpermeability and preserves multi-organ function in ovine sepsis model. Sepsis was induced in twenty-two adult female Merino sheep by intravenous infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) (1 × 1010 CFUs). The animals were allocated into: 1) Control (n = 13): intramuscular injection (IM) of saline; and 2) Treatment (n = 9): IM of 50 mg/kg R-107. The treatment was given after the PA injection, and monitored for 24-h. R-107 treatment significantly reduced fluid requirement (15-24 h, P < 0.05), net fluid balance (9-24 h, P < 0.05), and water content in lung/heart/kidney (P = 0.02/0.04/0.01) compared to control. R-107 treatment significantly decreased lung injury score/modified sheep SOFA score at 24-h (P = 0.01/0.04), significantly lowered arterial lactate (21-24 h, P < 0.05), shed syndecan-1 (3-6 h, P < 0.05), interleukin-6 (6-12 h, P < 0.05) levels in plasma, and significantly attenuated lung tissue 3-nitrotyrosine and vascular endothelial growth factor-A expressions (P = 0.03/0.002) compared to control. There was no adverse effect in R-107 treatment. In conclusion, modulation of O&NS by R-107 reduced hyperpermeability markers and improved multi-organ function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukuda
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Department of General Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Shioya Hospital, Tochigi, 329-2145 Japan
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hirasawa
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8677 Japan
| | - Ennert R. Manyeza
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | | | | | | | - Donald S. Prough
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monophosphoryl Lipid a Attenuates Multiorgan Dysfunction During Post-Burn Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia in Sheep. Shock 2021; 53:307-316. [PMID: 31045990 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a TLR4 agonist that has potent immunomodulatory properties and modulates innate immune function to improve host resistance to infection with common nosocomial pathogens in mice. The goal of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of MPLA in a sheep model of burn injury and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. The sheep provides a favorable model for preclinical testing as their response to TLR4 agonists closely mimics that of humans. METHODS Twelve chronically instrumented adult female Merino sheep received 20% total body surface area, third-degree cutaneous burn under anesthesia and analgesia. At 24 h after burn, sheep were randomly allocated to receive: MPLA (2.5 μg/kg i.v., n = 6), or vehicle (i.v., n = 6). At 24 h after MPLA or vehicle treatment, Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia was induced. Sheep were mechanically ventilated, fluid resuscitated and cardiopulmonary variables were monitored for 24 h after induction of pneumonia. Cytokine production, vascular barrier function, and lung bacterial burden were also measured. RESULTS MPLA infusion induced small and transient alterations in core body temperature, heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Pulmonary mechanics were not altered. Vehicle-treated sheep developed severe acute lung injury during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, which was attenuated by MPLA as indicated by improved PaO2/FiO2 ratio, oxygenation index, and shunt fraction. Sheep treated with MPLA also exhibited less vascular leak, lower blood lactate levels, and lower modified organ injury score. MPLA treatment attenuated systemic cytokine production and decreased lung bacterial burden. CONCLUSIONS MPLA was well tolerated in burned sheep and attenuated development of acute lung injury, lactatemia, cytokinemia, vascular leak, and hemodynamic changes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
Collapse
|
16
|
Aksel EG, Akyüz B. Effect of LPS and LTA stimulation on the expression of TLR-pathway genes in PBMCs of Akkaraman lambs in vivo. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:65. [PMID: 33392825 PMCID: PMC7779097 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study investigating the changes in some gene expressions related to the TLR pathway in vivo in sheep. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) molecules were administrated separately and in combination to the Akkaraman lambs via intranasal route. For this purpose, 28 lambs were distributed into four groups (LPS, LTA, LPS + LTA, and control, n = 7). Blood samples were collected to isolate the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at 24 h and on day 7. Expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κß, and IFN-γ genes were determined by qRT-PCR. Increases were determined in the expression data of TLR2 [LPS (P < 0.05) and LTA + LPS (P < 0.01)], TLR4 [LTA + LPS (P < 0.05)], TNF-α, IL-10 [LTA + LPS (P < 0.05)], and IFN-γ genes in all groups in the mRNA expression analysis of PBMCs isolated at 24 h whereas decreases were determined in the expression levels of these genes on day 7. The combination of LPS + LTA stimulated lamb PBMCs more effectively than separate administration of LPS and LTA at 24 h. Therefore, this article may contribute to the understanding the host-pathogen interaction of respiratory-transmitted bacterial diseases concerning PBMCs at 24 h and on day 7. Also this study may contribute to the dose adjustment for bacterial vaccine studies in sheep. Experimental application doses will be helpful for in vivo and in vitro drug and vaccine development studies in the fields of pharmacology and microbiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Gamze Aksel
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Identification of Yak's TLR4 Alternative Spliceosomes and Bioinformatic Analysis of TLR4 Protein Structure and Function. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010032. [PMID: 33375267 PMCID: PMC7823342 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, yak’s TLR4 gene alternative spliceosomes were investigated using PCR amplification and cloning with an aim to improve disease-resistance in yaks and promote efficient utilization of yak’s resources. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of two alternatively spliced TLR4 transcripts in seven distinct yak tissues. To predict the function of proteins expressed by each TLR4 spliceosome, TLR4 protein structure and function were analyzed bioinformatically. Besides, two alternative spliceosomes of yak’s TLR4 gene were also identified, which were in line with predicted variants of the TLR4 gene in NCBI. These two alternative spliceosomes of the TLR4 gene were expressed in each tissue; however, the expression levels of these spliceosomes were significantly different in different tissue. We also observed that deletion of exon-2 in TLR4 affected the function of the corresponding protein. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for future studies on the role of two variants of yak’s TLR4 gene in disease resistance. Besides, data from this study could be analyzed further to explore the molecular mechanism associated with disease-resistance in the yak. Abstract In this study, the yak’s TLR4 gene alternative spliceosomes were investigated using PCR amplification and cloning to improve disease-resistance in yak and promote efficient utilization of yak’s resources. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of two alternatively spliced transcripts of the TLR4 gene in seven distinct tissues. To predict the function of proteins expressed by each TLR4 spliceosome, bioinformatic analysis of yak’s TLR4 protein structure and function was performed, which led to the identification of two alternative spliceosomes of yak’s TLR4 gene. The TLR4-X1 sequence length was 2526 bp, and it encoded full-length TLR4 protein (841 amino acids). The sequence length of the exon-2 deleted TLR4-X2 sequence was 1926 bp, and it encoded truncated TLR4 protein (641 amino acids). TLR4-X2 sequence was consistent with the predicted sequence of the TLR4 gene in GenBank. Each tissue showed significantly different expression levels of these two alternative spliceosomes. As per the bioinformatic analysis of the structure and function of TLR4 protein, deletion of exon-2 in the TLR4 gene resulted in frameshift mutations of the reading frame in the corresponding protein, which altered its ligand-binding and active sites. Besides, biological property such as substrate specificity of truncated TLR4 protein was also altered, leading to altered protein function. This study has laid a theoretical foundation for exploring the role of two variants of the TLR4 gene in yak’s disease resistance. Besides, this study’s data could be analyzed further to explore the molecular mechanism associated with disease-resistance in the yak.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Vascular hypo-responsiveness to vasopressors during septic shock is a challenging problem. This study is to test the hypothesis that reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as peroxynitrite, are major contributing factors to vascular hypo-responsiveness in septic shock. We hypothesized that adjunct therapy with peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (PDC) would reduce norepinephrine requirements in sepsis resuscitation. Fourteen female Merino sheep were subjected to a "two-hit" injury (smoke inhalation and endobronchial instillation of live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [1.6-2.5 × 10 CFUs]). The animals were randomly allocated to control: injured, fluid resuscitated, and titrated norepinephrine, n = 7; or PDC: injured, fluid resuscitated, titrated norepinephrine, and treated with PDC, n = 7. One-hour postinjury, an intravenous injection of PDC (0.1 mg/kg) was followed by a continuous infusion (0.04 mg/kg/h). Titration of norepinephrine started at 0.05 mcg/kg/min based on their mean arterial pressure. All animals were mechanically ventilated and monitored in the conscious state for 24 h. The mean arterial pressure was well maintained in the PDC with significantly less norepinephrine requirement from 7 to 23 h after injury compared with control. Total norepinephrine dose, the highest norepinephrine rate, and time on norepinephrine support were also significantly lower in PDC. Modified sheep organ failure assessment scores at 6 to 18 h postinjury were significantly lower in PDC compared with control. PDC improved survival rate at 24 h (71.4% vs. 28.6%). PDC treatment had no adverse effects. In conclusion, the modulation of RNS may be considered an effective adjunct therapy for septic shock, in the case of hypo-responsiveness to norepinephrine.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fukuda S, Niimi Y, Andersen CR, Manyeza ER, Rojas JD, Prough DS, Enkhbaatar P. Blood carboxyhemoglobin elimination curve, half-lifetime, and arterial-venous differences in acute phase of carbon monoxide poisoning in ovine smoke inhalation injury model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:141-146. [PMID: 32199614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation injury (SII) affects more than 50,000 people annually causing carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Although the increased blood level of carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) is frequently used to confirm the diagnosis of SII, knowledge of its elimination in the acute phase is still limited. The aim of this study is to determine CO-Hb elimination rates and their differences in arterial (aCO-Hb) and mixed-venous (vCO-Hb) blood following severe SII in a clinically relevant ovine model. Forty-three chronically instrumented female sheep were subjected to SII (12 breaths, 4 sets) through tracheostomy tube under anesthesia and analgesia. After the SII, sheep were awakened and placed on a mechanical ventilator (FiO2 = 1.0, tidal volume 12 mL/kg, and PEEP = 5cmH2O) and monitored. Arterial and mixed-venous blood samples were withdrawn simultaneously for blood gas analysis at various time points to determine CO-HB half-lifetime and an elimination curve. The mean of highest aCO-Hb level during SII was 70.8 ± 13.9%. The aCO-Hb elimination curve showed an approximated exponential decay during the first 60 min. Per mixed linear regression model analysis, aCO-Hb significantly (p < 0.001) declined (4.3%/minute) with a decay constant lambda of 0.044. With this lambda, mean lifetime and half-lifetime of aCO-Hb were 22.7 and 15.7 min, respectively. The aCO-Hb was significantly lower compared to vCO-Hb at all-time points (0-180 min). To our knowledge, this is the first report describing CO-Hb elimination curve in the acute phase after severe SII in the clinically relevant ovine model. Our data shows that CO-Hb is decreasing in linear manner with supportive mechanical ventilation (0-60 min). The results may help to understand CO-Hb elimination curve in the acute phase and improvement of pre-hospital and initial clinical care in patients with CO poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, Office of Biostatistics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ennert R Manyeza
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jose D Rojas
- Department of Respiratory Care, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Donald S Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fujiwara O, Fukuda S, Lopez E, Zeng Y, Niimi Y, DeWitt DS, Herndon DN, Prough DS, Enkhbaatar P. Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst reduces vasopressin requirement in ovine MRSA sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:12. [PMID: 31512009 PMCID: PMC6738358 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is one of the most frequent causes of death in the intensive care unit. Host vascular hypo-responsiveness to vasopressors during septic shock is one of the challenging problems. This study tested the hypothesis that adjunct therapy with peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (WW-85) would reduce arginine vasopressin (AVP) requirements during sepsis resuscitation, using ovine sepsis model. Methods Thirteen adult female Merino sheep, previously instrumented with multiple vascular catheters, were subjected to “two-hit” (cotton smoke inhalation and intrapulmonary instillation of live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; 3.5 × 1011 colony-forming units) injury. Post injury, animals were awakened and randomly allocated to the following groups: (1) AVP: injured, fluid resuscitated, and titrated with AVP, n = 6 or (2) WW-85 + AVP: injured, fluid resuscitated, treated with WW-85, and titrated with AVP, n = 7. One-hour post injury, a bolus intravenous injection of WW-85 (0.1 mg/kg) was followed by a 23-h continuous infusion (0.02 mg/kg/h). Titration of AVP started at a dose of 0.01 unit/min, when mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 10 mmHg from baseline, despite aggressive fluid resuscitation, and the rate was further adjusted to maintain MAP. After the injury, all animals were placed on a mechanical ventilator and monitored in the conscious state for 24 h. Results The injury induced severe hypotension refractory to aggressive fluid resuscitation. High doses of AVP were required to partially attenuate the sepsis-induced hypotension. However, the cumulative AVP requirement was significantly reduced by adjunct treatment with WW-85 at 17–24 h after the injury (p < 0.05). Total AVP dose and the highest AVP rate were significantly lower in the WW-85 + AVP group compared to the AVP group (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Treatment with WW-85 had no adverse effects. In addition, the in vitro effects of AVP on isolated artery diameter changes were abolished with peroxynitrite co-incubation. Conclusions The modulation of reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite, may be considered as a novel adjunct treatment option for septic shock associated with vascular hypo-responsiveness to vasopressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA
| | - Ernesto Lopez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA
| | - Yaping Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA
| | - Douglas S DeWitt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Donald S Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555 1102, USA. .,Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Braun RO, Brunner L, Wyler K, Auray G, García-Nicolás O, Python S, Zumkehr B, Gaschen V, Stoffel MH, Collin N, Barnier-Quer C, Bruggmann R, Summerfield A. System immunology-based identification of blood transcriptional modules correlating to antibody responses in sheep. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:41. [PMID: 30302283 PMCID: PMC6170373 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines lack immunogenicity and therefore require potent adjuvants. To understand the in vivo effects of adjuvants, we used a system immunology-based analysis of ovine blood transcriptional modules (BTMs) to dissect innate immune responses relating to either antibody or haptoglobin levels. Using inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus as an antigen, we compared non-adjuvanted to liposomal-formulated vaccines complemented or not with TLR4 and TLR7 ligands. Early after vaccination, BTM relating to myeloid cells, innate immune responses, dendritic cells, and antigen presentation correlated positively, whereas BTM relating to T and natural killer cells, as well as cell cycle correlated negatively with antibody responses. Interestingly, similar BTM also correlated with haptoglobin, but in a reversed manner, indicating that acute systemic inflammation is not beneficial for early antibody responses. Analysis of vaccine-dependent BTM modulation showed that liposomal formulations induced similar responses to those correlating to antibody levels. Surprisingly, the addition of the TLR ligands appeared to reduce early immunological perturbations and mediated anti-inflammatory effects, despite promoting antibody responses. When pre-vaccination BTM were analyzed, we found that high vaccine responders expressed higher levels of many BTM relating to cell cycle, antigen-presenting cells, and innate responses as compared with low responders. In conclusion, we have transferred human BTM to sheep and identified early vaccine-induced responses associated with antibody levels or unwanted inflammation in a heterogeneous and small group of animals. Such readouts are applicable to other veterinary species and very useful to identify efficient vaccine adjuvants, their mechanism of action, and factors related to low responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Othmar Braun
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Livia Brunner
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Wyler
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Auray
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Python
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Zumkehr
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Barnier-Quer
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhan X, Stamova B, Sharp FR. Lipopolysaccharide Associates with Amyloid Plaques, Neurons and Oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29520228 PMCID: PMC5827158 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review proposes that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, found in the wall of all Gram-negative bacteria) could play a role in causing sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is based in part upon recent studies showing that: Gram-negative E. coli bacteria can form extracellular amyloid; bacterial-encoded 16S rRNA is present in all human brains with over 70% being Gram-negative bacteria; ultrastructural analyses have shown microbes in erythrocytes of AD patients; blood LPS levels in AD patients are 3-fold the levels in control; LPS combined with focal cerebral ischemia and hypoxia produced amyloid-like plaques and myelin injury in adult rat cortex. Moreover, Gram-negative bacterial LPS was found in aging control and AD brains, though LPS levels were much higher in AD brains. In addition, LPS co-localized with amyloid plaques, peri-vascular amyloid, neurons, and oligodendrocytes in AD brains. Based upon the postulate LPS caused oligodendrocyte injury, degraded Myelin Basic Protein (dMBP) levels were found to be much higher in AD compared to control brains. Immunofluorescence showed that the dMBP co-localized with β amyloid (Aβ) and LPS in amyloid plaques in AD brain, and dMBP and other myelin molecules were found in the walls of vesicles in periventricular White Matter (WM). These data led to the hypothesis that LPS acts on leukocyte and microglial TLR4-CD14/TLR2 receptors to produce NFkB mediated increases of cytokines which increase Aβ levels, damage oligodendrocytes and produce myelin injury found in AD brain. Since Aβ1–42 is also an agonist for TLR4 receptors, this could produce a vicious cycle that accounts for the relentless progression of AD. Thus, LPS, the TLR4 receptor complex, and Gram-negative bacteria might be treatment or prevention targets for sporadic AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Glendinning L, Collie D, Wright S, Rutherford KMD, McLachlan G. Comparing microbiotas in the upper aerodigestive and lower respiratory tracts of lambs. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:145. [PMID: 29078799 PMCID: PMC5658956 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the importance of the lung microbiota during health and disease has been examined in humans and in small animal models. Whilst sheep have been proposed as an appropriate large animal model for studying the pathophysiology of a number of important human respiratory diseases, it is clearly important to continually define the limits of agreement between these systems as new concepts emerge. In humans, it has recently been established that the lung microbiota is seeded by microbes from the oral cavity. We sought to determine whether the same was true in sheep. RESULTS We took lung fluid and upper aerodigestive tract (oropharyngeal) swab samples from 40 lambs (7 weeks old). DNA extraction was performed, and the V2-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR then sequenced via Illumina Miseq. Oropharyngeal swabs were either dominated by bacteria commonly associated with the rumen or by bacteria commonly associated with the upper aerodigestive tract. Lung microbiota samples did not resemble either the upper aerodigestive tract samples or reagent-only controls. Some rumen-associated bacteria were found in lung fluids, indicating that inhalation of ruminal bacteria does occur. We also identified several bacteria which were significantly more abundant in lung fluids than in the upper aerodigestive tract swabs, the most predominant of which was classified as Staphylococcus equorum. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to humans, we found that the lung microbiota of lambs is dissimilar to that of the upper aerodigestive tract, and we suggest that this may be related to physiological and anatomical differences between sheep and humans. Understanding the comparative physiology and anatomy underlying differences in lung microbiota between species will provide a foundation upon which to interpret changes associated with disease and/or environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Glendinning
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - David Collie
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Steven Wright
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Kenny M. D. Rutherford
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh, Midlothian EH9 3JG UK
| | - Gerry McLachlan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yaghouby F, Daluwatte C, Fukuda S, Nelson C, Salsbury J, Kinsky M, Kramer GC, Strauss DG, Enkhbaatar P, Scully CG. Progression and variability of physiologic deterioration in an ovine model of lung infection sepsis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:172-181. [PMID: 28473609 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00122.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a lung infection model of pneumonia in sheep (n = 12) that included smoke inhalation injury followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus placement into the lungs was used to investigate hemodynamic and pulmonary dysfunctions during the course of sepsis progression. To assess the variability in disease progression, animals were retrospectively divided into survivor (n = 6) and nonsurvivor (n = 6) groups, and a range of physiological indexes reflecting hemodynamic and pulmonary function were estimated and compared to evaluate variability in dynamics underlying sepsis development. Blood pressure and heart rate variability analyses were performed to assess whether they discriminated between the survivor and nonsurvivor groups early on and after intervention. Results showed hemodynamic deterioration in both survivor and nonsurvivor animals during sepsis along with a severe oxygenation disruption (decreased peripheral oxygen saturation) in nonsurvivors separating them from survivor animals of this model. Variability analysis of beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure reflected physiologic deterioration during infection for all animals, but these analyses did not discriminate the nonsurvivor animals from survivor animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Variable pulmonary response to injury results in varying outcomes in a previously reported animal model of lung injury and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis. Heart rate and blood pressure variability analyses were investigated to track the varying levels of physiologic deterioration but did not discriminate early nonsurvivors from survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Yaghouby
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland;
| | - Chathuri Daluwatte
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Christina Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - John Salsbury
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Michael Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - George C Kramer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Christopher G Scully
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Batra SD, Nandi M, Sikri K, Tyagi JS. Genome-wide expression profiling establishes novel modulatory roles of vitamin C in THP-1 human monocytic cell line. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:252. [PMID: 28335738 PMCID: PMC5364625 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin C (vit C) is an essential dietary nutrient, which is a potent antioxidant, a free radical scavenger and functions as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions. Vit C is also considered to enhance the immune effector function of macrophages, which are regarded to be the first line of defence in response to any pathogen. The THP-1 cell line is widely used for studying macrophage functions and for analyzing host cell-pathogen interactions. Results We performed a genome-wide temporal gene expression and functional enrichment analysis of THP-1 cells treated with 100 μM of vit C, a physiologically relevant concentration of the vitamin. Modulatory effects of vitamin C on THP-1 cells were revealed by differential expression of genes starting from 8 h onwards. The number of differentially expressed genes peaked at the earliest time-point i.e. 8 h followed by temporal decline till 96 h. Further, functional enrichment analysis based on statistically stringent criteria revealed a gamut of functional responses, namely, ‘Regulation of gene expression’, ‘Signal transduction’, ‘Cell cycle’, ‘Immune system process’, ‘cAMP metabolic process’, ‘Cholesterol transport’ and ‘Ion homeostasis’. A comparative analysis of vit C-mediated modulation of gene expression data in THP-1cells and human skin fibroblasts disclosed an overlap in certain functional processes such as ‘Regulation of transcription’, ‘Cell cycle’ and ‘Extracellular matrix organization’, and THP-1 specific responses, namely, ‘Regulation of gene expression’ and ‘Ion homeostasis’. It was noteworthy that vit C modulated the ‘Immune system’ process throughout the time-course. Conclusions This study reveals the genome-wide effects of physiological levels of vit C on THP-1 gene expression. The multitude of effects impacted by vit C in macrophages highlights its role in maintaining homeostasis of several cellular functions. This study provides a rational basis for the use of the Vitamin C- THP-1 cell model, to study biochemical and cellular responses to stresses, including infection with M. tuberculosis and other intracellular pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3635-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Dhingra Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Malobi Nandi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kriti Sikri
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chloride Conundrums. Anesthesiology 2016; 125:622-624. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|