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Lewis A, Rattray B, Flood A. Does Cathodal Preconditioning Enhance the Effects of Subsequent Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability and Grip Strength? J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00567. [PMID: 39316764 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lewis, A, Rattray, B, and Flood, A. Does cathodal preconditioning enhance the effects of subsequent anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on corticospinal excitability and grip strength? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Inconsistent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on corticospinal excitability (CSE) and exercise performance are commonly reported. Cathodal preconditioning, involving cathodal tDCS delivered before anodal tDCS over the same region, may enhance changes in CSE and exercise beyond that resulting from anodal tDCS alone. This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of anodal tDCS on CSE and isometric grip strength can be enhanced by cathodal preconditioning. Thirty-five healthy subjects aged 19-37 years completed a familiarization session followed by 4 stimulation conditions presented in a randomized cross-over design across 4 separate sessions. tDCS doses were applied at 2 mA over the primary motor cortex for 10 minutes. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using 120% of resting motor threshold and an input/output curve of motor evoked potentials of the first dorsal interosseous. Grip strength was evaluated as time to exhaustion (TTE) in a sustained isometric contraction. Relative to conventional sham stimulation, TTE was significantly increased by 15% after conventional anodal tDCS. Corticospinal excitability increased in response to tDCS, but this effect did not differ across conditions. Cathodal preconditioning before anodal stimulation did not increase CSE or grip strength beyond that seen in the other stimulation conditions. Our findings did not reveal any significant impact of stimulation type on CSE. Notably, anodal tDCS led to a significant improvement in grip strength endurance. However, cathodal preconditioning did not seem to increase the effect of subsequent anodal stimulation on CSE nor grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Lewis
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; and
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben Rattray
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew Flood
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; and
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Benelli A, Memoli C, Neri F, Romanella SM, Cinti A, Giannotta A, Lomi F, Scoccia A, Pandit S, Zambetta RM, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. Reduction of cognitive fatigue and improved performance at a VR-based driving simulator using tRNS. iScience 2024; 27:110536. [PMID: 39314236 PMCID: PMC11418143 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue (CF) increases accident risk reducing performance, especially during complex tasks such as driving. We evaluated whether transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) could mitigate CF and improve driving performance. In a double-blind study, thirty participants performed a virtual reality truck driving task during real (n = 15) or sham (n = 15) tRNS applied bilaterally on the "anti-fatigue network". They completed two 30-min driving sessions while their driving performances were constantly monitored; heart rate was also monitored to evaluate arousal (Root-Mean-Square of successive R-R difference). tRNS was applied only during the first driving session to evaluate both online and offline stimulation effects. The primary outcome was CF reduction and performance improvement in the second (non-stimulated) driving session. Real tRNS significantly improved driving performances in the second driving session and reduced perceived CF. These results might also lead to the use of tRNS in those neurological disorders characterized by fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benelli
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Memoli
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Oto-Neuro-Tech Conjoined Lab, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara M. Romanella
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Cinti
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giannotta
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lomi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Scoccia
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Siddhartha Pandit
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafaella Mendes Zambetta
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS). Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Oto-Neuro-Tech Conjoined Lab, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Radiology, Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Holgado D, Sanabria D, Vadillo MA, Román-Caballero R. Zapping the brain to enhance sport performance? An umbrella review of the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on physical performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105821. [PMID: 39053786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Concepts such as "neurodoping" have contributed to an expansion in the area of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and its impact over physical performance in recent years. This umbrella review examines meta-analyses to evaluate tDCS's impact on exercise performance in healthy individuals. We identified 9 meta-analyses that met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 50 crossover studies and 683 participants. Like previous meta-analyses, we found a small but significant effect across individual studies (gz = 0.28, 95%CI [0.18, 0.39]). However, we also found clear evidence of publication bias, low power and substantial variability in methodological decisions. The average effect became non-significant after accounting for publication bias (grm = 0.10, 95%CrI [-0.04, 0.20], BF10 = 0.99), and a specification curve analysis showed that the final effect could range from g = -0.23 to g = 0.33, depending on decisions such as the formula used for estimating the effect size and multiple additional analytic steps. Overall, our findings suggest that current evidence does not conclusively support acute tDCS as an exercise performance enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darías Holgado
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Quartier, UNIL-Centre, Bâtiment, Synathlon, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Román-Caballero
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Winker M, Hoffmann S, Laborde S, Javelle F. The acute effects of motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation on athletic performance in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:5086-5110. [PMID: 39120435 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses independently the acute effects of anodal and cathodal motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on athletic performance in healthy adults. Besides, it evaluates the unique and conjoint effects of potential moderators (i.e., stimulation parameters, exercise type, subjects' training status and risk of bias). Online database search was performed from inception until March 18th 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023355461). Forty-three controlled trials were included in the systematic review, 40 in the anodal tDCS meta-analysis (68 effects), and 9 (11 effects) in the cathodal tDCS meta-analysis. Performance enhancement between pre- and post-stimulation was the main outcome measure considered. The anodal tDCS effects on physical performance were small to moderate (g = .29, 95%CI [.18, .40], PI = -.64 to 1.23, I2 = 64.0%). Exercise type, training status and use of commercial tDCS were significant moderators of the results. The cathodal tDCS effects were null (g = .04, 95%CI [-.05, .12], PI = -.14 to .23, I2 = 0%), with a small to moderate heterogeneity entirely due to sampling error, thus impairing further moderator analysis. These findings hold significant implications for the field of brain stimulation and physical performance, as they not only demonstrate a small to moderate effect of acute tDCS but also identify specific categories of individuals, devices and activities that are more susceptible to improvements. By addressing the multidimensional factors influencing the mechanisms of tDCS, we also provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Winker
- University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- Psychological Methods and Evaluation, Institute of Psychology, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- NeuroPsychoImmunology research unit, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Shahbazi N, Heirani A, Amiri E, da Silva Machado DG. Effects of repeated unihemispheric concurrent dual-site tDCS and virtual reality games on motor coordination of sedentary adolescent girls. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2024; 20:20. [PMID: 39174998 PMCID: PMC11342668 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of repetitive unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCSUHCDS) associated with the use of virtual reality games (VR) on the motor coordination of sedentary adolescent girls. METHODS Thirty-six inactive adolescent girls were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 12 per group): (1) VR + a-tDCSUHCDS, (2) VR + sham-tDCSUHCDS, and (3) Control. The VR + a-tDCSUHCDS and VR + s-tDCSUHCDS groups received the intervention three times a week for four weeks. In each experimental session, participants first received either 20 min of a-tDCSUHCDS (2 mA at each anodal electrode) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or sham and then performed VR for 1 h. The control group received no intervention. Eye-hand coordination (EHC) and bimanual coordination (BC) were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and two weeks later (retention test) using the automatic scoring mirror tracer and continuous two-arm coordination test, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that the EHC was significantly higher in the VR + a-tDCS and VR + s-tDCS groups at post-intervention (all ps< 0.001) and the retention test (all ps< 0.001) compared to the control group. Moreover, the EHC was significantly higher in the VR + a-tDCS group compared to the VR + s-tDCS group (p = 0.024) at the retention. Similarly, VR + a-tDCS and VR + s-tDCS improved BC compared to the control group at post-intervention (all ps< 0.001) and retention test (all ps< 0.001). In addition, higher BC was observed in the VR + a-tDCS group compared to the VR + s-tDCS group (p< 0.001) at the retention test. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adding a-tDCSUHCDS to VR over 12 sessions may have an additional effect on VR training for improving and retaining motor coordination in sedentary adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Shahbazi
- Department of Motor Behavior and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Heirani
- Department of Motor Behavior and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Amiri
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Research Group in Neuroscience of Human Movement (NeuroMove), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Uehara L, Coelho DB, Baptista AF, Santana L, Moreira RJD, Zana Y, Malosá L, Lima T, Valentim G, Cardenas-Rojas A, Fregni F, Corrêa JCF, Corrêa FI. Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation reduce central and peripheral muscle fatigue in recreational runners? A triple-blind, sham-controlled, randomized, crossover clinical study. Braz J Phys Ther 2024; 28:101088. [PMID: 38936315 PMCID: PMC11260918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runners seek health benefits and performance improvement. However, fatigue might be considered a limiting factor. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated to improve performance and reduce fatigue in athletes. While some studies showing that tDCS may improve a variety of physical measures, other studies failed to show any benefit. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acute effects of tDCS on central and peripheral fatigue compared to a sham intervention in recreational runners. METHODS This is a triple-blind, controlled, crossover study of 30 recreational runners who were randomized to receive one of the two interventions, anodal or sham tDCS, after the fatigue protocol. The interventions were applied to the quadriceps muscle hotspot for 20 min. Peak torque, motor-evoked potential, and perceived exertion rate were assessed before and after the interventions, and blood lactate level was assessed before, during, and after the interventions. A generalized estimated equation was used to analyze the peak torque, motor-evoked potential, and blood lactate data, and the Wilcoxon test was used for perceived exertion rate data. RESULTS Our findings showed no difference between anodal tDCS and sham tDCS on peak torque, motor-evoked potential, blood lactate, and perceived exertion rate. CONCLUSION The tDCS protocol was not effective in improving performance and reducing fatigue compared to a sham control intervention. BRAZILIAN CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY RBR-8zpnxz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Uehara
- Master's and Doctorate in Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Santana
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yossi Zana
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Malosá
- Master's and Doctorate in Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Taiane Lima
- Master's and Doctorate in Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Valentim
- Master's and Doctorate in Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Cardenas-Rojas
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - João Carlos Ferrari Corrêa
- Master's and Doctorate in Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ishida Corrêa
- Master's and Doctorate in Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Sato T, Katagiri N, Suganuma S, Laakso I, Tanabe S, Osu R, Tanaka S, Yamaguchi T. Simulating tDCS electrode placement to stimulate both M1 and SMA enhances motor performance and modulates cortical excitability depending on current flow direction. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1362607. [PMID: 39010941 PMCID: PMC11246916 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1362607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The conventional method of placing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electrodes is just above the target brain area. However, this strategy for electrode placement often fails to improve motor function and modulate cortical excitability. We investigated the effects of optimized electrode placement to induce maximum electrical fields in the leg regions of both M1 and SMA, estimated by electric field simulations in the T1and T2-weighted MRI-based anatomical models, on motor performance and cortical excitability in healthy individuals. Methods A total of 36 healthy volunteers participated in this randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled experiment. They were stratified by sex and were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the stimulation paradigm, including tDCS with (1) anodal and cathodal electrodes positioned over FCz and POz, respectively, (A-P tDCS), (2) anodal and cathodal electrodes positioned over POz and FCz, respectively, (P-A tDCS), and (3) sham tDCS. The sit-to-stand training following tDCS (2 mA, 10 min) was conducted every 3 or 4 days over 3 weeks (5 sessions total). Results Compared to sham tDCS, A-P tDCS led to significant increases in the number of sit-to-stands after 3 weeks training, whereas P-A tDCS significantly increased knee flexor peak torques after 3 weeks training, and decreased short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) immediately after the first session of training and maintained it post-training. Discussion These results suggest that optimized electrode placement of the maximal EF estimated by electric field simulation enhances motor performance and modulates cortical excitability depending on the direction of current flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Japan
| | - Natsuki Katagiri
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Saki Suganuma
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ilkka Laakso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Shigeo Tanabe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Rieko Osu
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Psychology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ramos L, Ramos TAM, Almeida RFD, da Silva-Rocha JV, Zimerer C, Arêas FZ. Acute anodal transcranial direct current stimulation improves the performance of professional rowers. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1310856. [PMID: 38699626 PMCID: PMC11063233 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1310856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of acute transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on physical and subjective responses in professional rowing during the 2,000-m time trial test. Methods Seven rowers (age 20.86 ± 4.49 years; weight 71.66 ± 7.97 kg) participated in this randomized triple-blind trial with a crossover experimental design. The protocol consists of 2 days with different conditions (anodal and sham). The tDCS anodic stimulation conducted was 2 mA for 20 min in the left temporal cortex (2.5 cm from the F7 zone and 2.5 cm from the T3 zone), targeting the left insular cortex. In the sham moment, the participants experienced 30 s of stimulation. Afterward, they performed a standardized progressive warm-up for 15 min, following the Brazilian Rowing Confederation's assessment protocols, and rested for 3 min before the test started. All procedures were made on an indoor rowing machine, which allowed the capture of performance variables such as time performed, power in watts (W), pace (m/min), and stroke rate (strokes/min). The ratings of perceived exertion [Borg scale (CR-20)] were recorded in each 2-min during the test. Results The results presented differences in power [Z: -2.371; p = 0.018; effect size (ES) = -0.896 (large)] and pace [Z: -2.371; p = 0.018; ES = -0.896 (large)] and time performance [Z: -1.612; p = 0.107; ES = -0.609 (large)] throughout the protocol for the anodal moment. Discussion However, no differences for the other variables were found. According to the results, the current tDCS with the present protocol improved the physical performance at the 2,000-m time trial Test providing ergogenic aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Ramos
- Physiotherapy Course at the FAVI—Victorian Higher Education Association, Vitória, Brazil
- Neuromodulation Institute, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Aparecida Magacho Ramos
- Physiotherapy Course at the FAVI—Victorian Higher Education Association, Vitória, Brazil
- Neuromodulation Institute, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Freire De Almeida
- Group of Study and Research in Neurorehabilitation and Neuromodulation, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jader Vinicius da Silva-Rocha
- Group of Study and Research in Neurorehabilitation and Neuromodulation, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Carla Zimerer
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Telecommunications Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Fernando Zanela Arêas
- Group of Study and Research in Neurorehabilitation and Neuromodulation, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Physiotherapy Course at the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Nascimento Guimarães A, Beggiato Porto A, Junior Guidotti F, Soca Bazo N, Ugrinowitsch H, Hugo Alves Okazaki V. Effect of Transcranial direct current stimulation of the Primary motor Cortex and cerebellum on motor control and learning of geometric drawing tasks with varied cognitive demands. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148786. [PMID: 38266889 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Nascimento Guimarães
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Beggiato Porto
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Flavio Junior Guidotti
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Norberto Soca Bazo
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil; Licungo University, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Rua de Comandante Gaivão Extensão da Beira, Moçambique
| | - Herbert Ugrinowitsch
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki
- State University of Londrina, Department of Physical Education, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Brazil
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Rocha JVDS, de Almeida RF, de Lima Cordeiro BN, Cardoso Sarcinelli CH, Zimerer C, Arêas FZ. Effects of bi-hemispheric anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on soccer player performance: a triple-blinded, controlled, and randomized study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1350660. [PMID: 38584685 PMCID: PMC10995377 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1350660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for increased performance and physical performance are linked to the use of ergogenic resources. The vertical jump is one of the measures commonly used to evaluate the performance of lower limbs in athletes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, safe, economically viable technique that can modulate cortical excitability, which can influence the increase in the performance of athletes in general. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) improves the performance of soccer players. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Twenty-seven players were randomized into three groups: Active tDCS group (n = 9), Sham group (n = 9), and control group (n = 9). Stimulation was applied at 2 mA for 15 min using a cephalic mount. Visual Pain Scale (VAS) and Subjective Recovery Scale (SRS) were monitored before and after tDCS. In addition, the participants performed the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) before and after the stimulation intercalated with Heart Rate (HR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE CR-10). No differences were found in any of the performance variables analyzed (p > 0.05) nor in the responses of HR (p > 0.05), RPE (p > 0.05), VAS (p > 0.05), and SRS (p > 0.05) between groups. The tDCS in M1 did not change the performance of the vertical jump, and there was no improvement in the subjective scales. New studies should also be developed with different stimulus intensities in different cortical areas and sports modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Vinicius Da Silva Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Naeme de Lima Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Zimerer
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Fernando Zanela Arêas
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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11
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Baharlouei H, Goosheh M, Moore M, Ramezani Ahmadi AH, Yassin M, Jaberzadeh S. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on rating of perceived exertion: A systematic review of the literature. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14520. [PMID: 38217074 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a widely used method for monitoring the load during training, as it provides insight into the subjective intensity of effort experienced during exercises. Considering the role of brain in monitoring and perception of the effort, several studies explored the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on RPE in different populations. The aim of current study is to review the studies that investigated the effect of tDCS on RPE in three groups including healthy untrained people, physically active persons, and athletes. Nine databases were searched for papers assessing the effect of tDCS on RPE. The data from the included studies were extracted and methodological quality was examined using the risk of bias 2 (ROB2) tool. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. According to the meta-analysis, active a-tDCS significantly decreased the RPE compared to the sham stimulation. The a-tDCS could decrease the RPE when it was applied over M1 or DLPF. Regarding the measurement tool, Borg's scale 6-20 and OMNI scale could show an improvement in RPE scale. A-tDCS is a promising technique that can decrease the RPE. M1 and DLPFC are suggested as the target area of stimulation. From the tools that measure the RPE, Borg's RPE 6-20 and OMNI scale could better show the effect of a-tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Baharlouei
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Meysam Goosheh
- Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maha Moore
- Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Yassin
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Banaei P, Tadibi V, Amiri E, Machado DGDS. Concomitant dual-site tDCS and dark chocolate improve cognitive and endurance performance following cognitive effort under hypoxia: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16473. [PMID: 37777571 PMCID: PMC10542360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten male cyclists were randomized into four experimental conditions in this randomized, cross-over, double-blind, and sham-controlled study to test the combined effect of acute dark chocolate (DC) ingestion and anodal concurrent dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) targeting M1 and left DLPFC on cognitive and whole-body endurance performance in hypoxia after performing a cognitive task. Two hours before the sessions, chocolate was consumed. After arriving at the lab, participants completed an incongruent Stroop task for 30 min in hypoxia (O2 = 13%) to induce mental fatigue, followed by 20 min of tDCS (2 mA) in hypoxia. Then, in hypoxia, they performed a time-to-exhaustion task (TTE) while measuring physiological and psychophysiological responses. Cognitive performance was measured at baseline, after the Stroop task, and during and after TTE. TTE in 'DC + a-tDCS' was significantly longer than in 'white chocolate (WC) + a-tDCS' and WC + sham-tDCS'. The vastus medialis muscle electromyography amplitude was significantly higher in 'DC + a-tDCS' and 'DC + sham-tDCS' than in 'WC + sh-tDCS'. During and after the TTE, choice reaction time was significantly lower in 'DC + a-tDCS' compared to 'WC + sh-tDCS'. Other physiological or psychophysiological variables showed no significant differences. The concurrent use of acute DC consumption and dual-site a-tDCS might improve cognitive and endurance performance in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Banaei
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, University Avenue, Taq-e Bostan, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran
| | - Vahid Tadibi
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, University Avenue, Taq-e Bostan, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Amiri
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, University Avenue, Taq-e Bostan, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran
| | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Research Group in Neuroscience of Human Movement (NeuroMove), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
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De Guzman KA, Young RJ, Contini V, Clinton E, Hitchcock A, Riley ZA, Poston B. The Influence of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Fatigue Resistance. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1225. [PMID: 37626581 PMCID: PMC10452200 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that some forms of non-invasive brain stimulation can increase fatigue resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the time to task failure (TTF) of a precision grip task. The study utilized a randomized, double-blind, SHAM-controlled, within-subjects design. Twenty-six young adults completed two experimental sessions (tACS and SHAM) with a 7-day washout period between sessions. Each session involved a fatiguing isometric contraction of the right hand with a precision grip with either a tACS or SHAM stimulation applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) simultaneously. For the fatiguing contraction, the participants matched an isometric target force of 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force until task failure. Pre- and post-MVCs were performed to quantify the force decline due to fatigue. Accordingly, the dependent variables were the TTF and MVC force decline as well as the average EMG activity, force error, and standard deviation (SD) of force during the fatiguing contractions. The results indicate that there were no significant differences in any of the dependent variables between the tACS and SHAM conditions (p value range: 0.256-0.820). These findings suggest that tACS does not increase the TTF during fatiguing contractions in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A. De Guzman
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (K.A.D.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Richard J. Young
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (K.A.D.G.); (E.C.)
- Optum Labs, Minnetonka, MN 55343, USA
| | - Valentino Contini
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (K.A.D.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Eliza Clinton
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (K.A.D.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Ashley Hitchcock
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (K.A.D.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Zachary A. Riley
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brach Poston
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (K.A.D.G.); (E.C.)
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14
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Teymoori H, Amiri E, Tahmasebi W, Hoseini R, Grospretre S, Machado DGDS. Effect of tDCS targeting the M1 or left DLPFC on physical performance, psychophysiological responses, and cognitive function in repeated all-out cycling: a randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:97. [PMID: 37496055 PMCID: PMC10373277 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reporting the positive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on endurance performance, very few studies have investigated its efficacy in anaerobic short all-out activities. Moreover, there is still no consensus on which brain areas could provide the most favorable effects on different performance modalities. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on physical performance, psychophysiological responses, and cognitive function in repeated all-out cycling. METHODS In this randomized, crossover, and double-blind study, 15 healthy physically active men underwent a-tDCS targeting M1 or the left DLPFC or sham tDCS in separate days before performing three bouts of all-out 30s cycling anaerobic test. a-tDCS was applied using 2 mA for 20 min. Peak power, mean power, fatigue index, and EMG of the quadriceps muscles were measured during each bout. Heart rate, perceived exertion, affective valence, and arousal were recorded two minutes after each bout. Color-word Stroop test and choice reaction time were measured at baseline and after the whole anaerobic test. RESULTS Neither tDCS montage significantly changed peak power, mean power, fatigue index, heart rate, affective valence, arousal, and choice reaction time (p> 0.05). a-tDCS over DLPFC significantly lowered RPE of the first bout (compared to sham; p=0.048, Δ=-12.5%) and third bout compared to the M1 (p=0.047, Δ=-12.38%) and sham (p=0.003, Δ=-10.5%), increased EMG of the Vastus Lateralis muscle during the second (p=0.016, Δ= +40.3%) and third bout (p=0.016, Δ= +42.1%) compared to sham, and improved the score of color-word Stroop test after the repeated all-out task (p=0.04, Δ= +147%). The qualitative affective response (valence and arousal) was also higher under the M1 and DLPFC compared to the sham. CONCLUSION We concluded that tDCS targeting M1 or DLPFC does not improve repeated anaerobic performance. However, the positive effect of DLPFC montage on RPE, EMG, qualitative affective responses, and cognitive function is promising and paves the path for future research using different tDCS montages to see any possible effects on anaerobic performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Razi University (IR.RAZI.REC.1400.023) and registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT id: IRCT20210617051606N5; Registration Date: 04/02/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Teymoori
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amiri
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Worya Tahmasebi
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sidney Grospretre
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society, University Bourgogne France- Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Research Group in Neuroscience of the Human Movement (NeuroMove), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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15
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Dos Santos LF, Dos Santos Silva D, de Jesus Alves MD, Moura Pereira EV, do Nascimento HR, de Sousa Fernandes MS, de Freitas Zanona A, Knechtle B, Weiss K, Aidar FJ, de Souza RF. Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on peak torque and 5000 m running performance: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9362. [PMID: 37291264 PMCID: PMC10250526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain function, cognitive response, and motor ability are well described in scientific literature. Nevertheless, the effects of tDCS on athletes' performance remain unclear. To compare the acute effects of tDCS on the running performance of 5000 m (m) runners. Eighteen athletes were randomized into Anodal (n = 9) groups that received tDCS for 20 min and 2 mA, and Sham (n = 9), in the motor cortex region (M1). Running time in 5000 m, speed, perceived exertion (RPE), internal load and peak torque (Pt) were evaluated. The Shapiro-Wilk test followed by a paired Student's t-test was used to compare Pt and total time to complete the run between the groups. The running time and speed of the Anodal group (p = 0.02; 95% CI 0.11-2.32; d = 1.24) was lower than the Sham group (p = 0.02, 95% CI 0.05-2.20; d = 1.15). However, no difference was found in Pt (p = 0.70; 95% CI - 0.75 to 1.11; d = 0.18), RPE (p = 0.23; 95% CI - 1.55 to 0.39; d = 0.60) and internal charge (p = 0.73; 95% CI - 0.77 to 1.09; d = 0.17). Our data indicate that tDCS can acutely optimize the time and speed of 5000 m runners. However, no alterations were found for Pt and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fernanda Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Devisson Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Micael Deivison de Jesus Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | | | - Hortência Reis do Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Katja Weiss
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
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16
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Ghayebzadeh S, Zardoshtian S, Amiri E, Giboin LS, Machado DGDS. Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Boosts Decision Making and Functional Impulsivity in Female Sports Referees. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051131. [PMID: 37240776 DOI: 10.3390/life13051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) on the sensitive decision making of female team sports referees. Twenty-four female referees voluntarily participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and sham-controlled study. In three different sessions, participants received either anodal (a-tDCS; anode (+) over F4, cathode (-) over the supraorbital region (SO)), cathodal (c-tDCS; -F4/+SO), or sham tDCS (sh-tDCS) in a randomized and counterbalanced order. a-tDCS and c-tDCS were applied with 2 mA for 20 min. In sh-tDCS, the current was turned off after 30 s. Before and after tDCS, participants performed the computerized Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Go/No Go impulsivity (IMP) tests. Only a-tDCS improved IGT and IMP scores from pre to post. The delta (Δ = post-pre) analysis showed a significantly higher ΔIGT in a-tDCS compared to c-tDCS (p = 0.02). The ΔIMP was also significantly higher in a-tDCS compared to sh-tDCS (p = 0.01). Finally, the reaction time decreased significantly more in a-tDCS (p = 0.02) and sh-tDCS (p = 0.03) than in c-tDCS. The results suggest that the a-tDCS improved factors related to sensitive decision making in female team sports referees. a-tDCS might be used as an ergogenic aid to enhance decision performance in female team sports referees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ehsan Amiri
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran
| | | | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Research Group in Neuroscience of Human Movement (NeuroMove), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
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17
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Etemadi M, Amiri E, Tadibi V, Grospretre S, Valipour Dehnou V, Machado DGDS. Anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC but not M1 increases muscle activity and improves psychophysiological responses, cognitive function, and endurance performance in normobaric hypoxia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:25. [PMID: 37020275 PMCID: PMC10077713 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to have positive effects on exercise performance and cognitive function in the normal ambient condition. Hypoxia is deemed a stressful situation with detrimental effects on physiological, psychological, cognitive, and perceptual responses of the body. Nevertheless, no study has evaluated the efficacy of tDCS for counteracting the negative effects of hypoxic conditions on exercise performance and cognition so far. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effects of anodal tDCS on endurance performance, cognitive function, and perceptual responses in hypoxia. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Fourteen endurance-trained males participated in five experimental sessions. After familiarization and measuring peak power output in hypoxia, in the first and second sessions, through the 3rd to 5th sessions, participants performed a cycling endurance task until exhaustion after 30 min hypoxic exposure at resting position followed by 20 min of anodal stimulation of the motor cortex (M1), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), or sham-tDCS. Color-word Stroop test and choice reaction time were measured at baseline and after exhaustion. Time to exhaustion, heart rate, saturated O2, EMG amplitude of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris muscles, RPE, affective response, and felt arousal were also measured during the task under hypoxia. RESULTS The results showed a longer time to exhaustion (+ 30.96%, p=0.036), lower RPE (- 10.23%, p = 0.045) and higher EMG amplitude of the vastus medialis muscle (+ 37.24%, p=0.003), affective response (+ 260%, p=0.035) and felt arousal (+ 28.9%, p=0.029) in the DLPFC tDCS compared to sham. The choice reaction time was shorter in DLPFC tDCS compared to sham (- 17.55%, p=0.029), and no differences were seen in the color-word Stroop test among the conditions under hypoxia. M1 tDCS resulted in no significant effect for any outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that, as a novel finding, anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC might provide an ergogenic aid for endurance performance and cognitive function under the hypoxic condition probably via increasing neural drive to the working muscles, lowering RPE, and increasing perceptual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Etemadi
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amiri
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Room. 73, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, University Avenue, Taq-E Bostan, Kermanshah, 674441497, Iran.
| | - Vahid Tadibi
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sidney Grospretre
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory-Culture, Sports, Health and Society, University Bourgogne France-Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Vahid Valipour Dehnou
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Research Group in Neuroscience of Human Movement (NeuroMove), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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18
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Angius L. Critical considerations on tDCS-mediated changes in corticospinal response to fatiguing exercise. J Physiol 2023; 601:703-704. [PMID: 36536518 DOI: 10.1113/jp284152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Angius
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Kamali AM, Ijadi M, Keshtkarhesamabadi B, Kazemiha M, Mahmoudi R, Roozbehi A, Nami M. A dual-mode neurostimulation approach to enhance athletic performance outcome in experienced taekwondo practitioners. Sci Rep 2023; 13:251. [PMID: 36604440 PMCID: PMC9816304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a growing empirical approach to improve athletic performance. Some recent studies have investigated the effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) on the motor performance such as reaction time. TDCS and tsDCS can lead to alteration of the spontaneous neural activity, and the membrane potentials of motor neurons in cerebral cortex and spinal interneurons, respectively. Given the paucity of experimental studies on the non-invasive brain stimulation in the field of sports neuroscience, especially martial sports, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of neurostimulation in potentiating the motor and cognitive functions in experienced taekwondo practitioners. The study sample included 15 experienced male taekwondo players who received real or sham direct current stimulation on the primary motor cortex (M1) and the lumbar spinal segment (T12-L2) over two sessions, 72 h apart. Next, the performance of the participants was evaluated through a simulation of taekwondo exercise directly after the sham and real sessions. Moreover, a cognitive platform (CBS: Cambridge Brain Science) was used to investigate the participants' cognitive profile in each instance. Unlike sham stimulation, real tDCS was associated with improved selective attention and reaction time in both in the simulated task performance and cognitive examination. The concurrent cortical and trans-spinal tDCS was found to improve selective attention (31% performance improvement) (P < 0.0001) [EFFECT SIZE; 1.84]. and reduce reaction time (4.7% performance improvement) (P < 0.0001) [EFFECT SIZE; 0.02]. Meanwhile, the intervention failed to leave a significant change in cognitive functions evaluated through CBS (P > 0.05). As informed by our results, the present dual-mode neurostimulation could improve motor functions potentially through the effect of tsDCS over the spinal interneurons and tDCS over the primary motor cortex. Likewise, our findings suggested an improved performance in simulated taekwondo task after real- but not sham-stimulation. This study paves the way for designing neurostimulation protocols to improve the performance of professional athletes, namely martial art practitioners, including their accuracy and velocity of reactions. Such positive effects of neuostimulation in athletic performance as demonstrated in this research and similar reports are expected to enhance the athletes' success in professional competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Mohammad Kamali
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Neuroscience Laboratory, NSL (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, DANA Brain Health Institute, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ijadi
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshtkarhesamabadi
- Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, DANA Brain Health Institute, Shiraz, Iran ,High Performance Brain, Helena Félix Street, No. 7 to 7 D, 1600-121 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Milad Kazemiha
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Neuroscience Laboratory, NSL (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, DANA Brain Health Institute, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amrollah Roozbehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Neuroscience Laboratory, NSL (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, DANA Brain Health Institute, Shiraz, Iran. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Neuroscience Center, Panama City, Panama. .,Harvard Alumni in Healthcare, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Brain, Cognition, and Behavior Unit, BrainHub Academy, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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20
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Savoury RB, Kibele A, Power KE, Herat N, Alizadeh S, Behm DG. Reduced isometric knee extensor force following anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the ipsilateral motor cortex. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280129. [PMID: 36608054 PMCID: PMC9821721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to determine if 10-min of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) to the motor cortex (M1) is capable of modulating quadriceps isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force or fatigue endurance contralateral or ipsilateral to the stimulation site. METHODS In a randomized, cross-over design, 16 (8 females) individuals underwent two sessions of a-tDCS and two sham tDCS (s-tDCS) sessions targeting the left M1 (all participants were right limb dominant), with testing of either the left (ipsilateral) or right (contralateral) quadriceps. Knee extensor (KE) MVC force was recorded prior to and following the a-tDCS and s-tDCS protocols. Additionally, a repetitive MVC fatiguing protocol (12 MVCs with work-rest ratio of 5:10-s) was completed following each tDCS protocol. RESULTS There was a significant interaction effect for stimulation condition x leg tested x time [F(1,60) = 7.156, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.11], which revealed a significant absolute KE MVC force reduction in the contralateral leg following s-tDCS (p < 0.001, d = 1.2) and in the ipsilateral leg following a-tDCS (p < 0.001, d = 1.09). A significant interaction effect for condition x leg tested [F(1,56) = 8.12, p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.13], showed a significantly lower ipsilateral quadriceps (to tDCS) relative MVC force with a-tDCS, versus s-tDCS [t(15) = -3.07, p = 0.016, d = -0.77]. There was no significant difference between the relative contralateral quadriceps (to tDCS) MVC force for a-tDCS and s-tDCS. Although there was an overall significant [F(1,56) = 8.36, p < 0.001] 12.1% force decrease between the first and twelfth MVC repetitions, there were no significant main or interaction effects for fatigue index force. CONCLUSION a-tDCS may be ineffective at increasing maximal force or endurance and instead may be detrimental to quadriceps force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B. Savoury
- School of Human Kinetic and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Armin Kibele
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Kevin E. Power
- School of Human Kinetic and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Nehara Herat
- School of Human Kinetic and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- School of Human Kinetic and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetic and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- * E-mail:
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21
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Marinus N, Van Hoornweder S, Aarts M, Vanbilsen J, Hansen D, Meesen R. The influence of a single transcranial direct current stimulation session on physical fitness in healthy subjects: a systematic review. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:31-47. [PMID: 36357590 PMCID: PMC9648891 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical fitness is of indisputable importance for both health, and sports. Currently, the brain is being increasingly recognized as a contributor to physical fitness. Hereby, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as an ergogenic aid, has gained scientific interest. The current PRISMA-adherent review aimed to examine the effect of tDCS on the three core components of physical fitness: muscle strength, -endurance and cardiopulmonary endurance. Randomized controlled- or cross-over trials evaluating the effect of a single tDCS session (vs. sham) in healthy individuals were included. Hereby, a wide array of tDCS-related factors (e.g., tDCS montage and dose) was taken into account. Thirty-five studies (540 participants) were included. Between-study heterogeneity in factors such as age, activity level, tDCS protocol, and outcome measures was large. The capacity of tDCS to improve physical fitness varied substantially across studies. Nevertheless, muscle endurance was most susceptible to improvements following anodal tDCS (AtDCS), with 69% of studies (n = 11) investigating this core component of physical fitness reporting positive effects. The primary motor cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were targeted the most, with positive results being reported on muscle and cardiopulmonary endurance. Finally, online tDCS seemed most beneficial, and no clear relationship between tDCS and dose-related parameters seemed present. These findings can contribute to optimizing tDCS interventions during the rehabilitation of patients with a variety of (chronic) diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, future studies should focus on further unraveling the potential of AtDCS on physical fitness and, more specifically, muscle endurance in both healthy subjects and patients suffering from (chronic) diseases. This study was registered in Prospero with the registration number CRD42021258529. "To enable PROSPERO to focus on COVID-19 registrations during the 2020 pandemic, this registration record was automatically published exactly as submitted. The PROSPERO team has not checked eligibility".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Marinus
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sybren Van Hoornweder
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marthe Aarts
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jessie Vanbilsen
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Raf Meesen
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
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22
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Amann M, Sidhu SK, McNeil CJ, Gandevia SC. Critical considerations of the contribution of the corticomotoneuronal pathway to central fatigue. J Physiol 2022; 600:5203-5214. [PMID: 36326193 PMCID: PMC9772161 DOI: 10.1113/jp282564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural drive originating in higher brain areas reaches exercising limb muscles through the corticospinal-motoneuronal pathway, which links the motor cortex and spinal motoneurones. The properties of this pathway have frequently been observed to change during fatiguing exercise in ways that could influence the development of central fatigue (i.e. the progressive reduction in voluntary muscle activation). However, based on differences in motor cortical and motoneuronal excitability between exercise modalities (e.g. single-joint vs. locomotor exercise), there is no characteristic response that allows for a categorical conclusion about the effect of these changes on functional impairments and performance limitations. Despite the lack of uniformity in findings during fatigue, there is strong evidence for marked 'inhibition' of motoneurones as a direct result of voluntary drive. Endogenous forms of neuromodulation, such as via serotonin released from neurones, can directly affect motoneuronal output and central fatigue. Exogenous forms of neuromodulation, such as brain stimulation, may achieve a similar effect, although the evidence is weak. Non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation can cause transient or long-lasting changes in cortical excitability; however, variable results across studies cast doubt on its claimed capacity to enhance performance. Furthermore, with these studies, it is difficult to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between brain responsiveness and exercise performance. This review briefly summarizes changes in the corticomotoneuronal pathway during various types of exercise, and considers the relevance of these changes for the development of central fatigue, as well as the potential of non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance motor cortical excitability, motoneuronal output and, ultimately, exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Amann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Simranjit K. Sidhu
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chris J McNeil
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Simon C Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Filipas L, Gallo G, Meloni A, Luzi L, Codella R. Effects of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex high-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation on time-trial performance in cyclists with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1292-1299. [PMID: 36126864 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HD-tDCS is capable to increase the focality of neuromodulation and has been recently applied to improve endurance performance in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Whether these putative advantages could be exploited in active subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) remains questionable. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized crossover order, 11 high-level cyclists (27 ± 4.3 years; weight: 65.5 ± 8.6 kg; height: 180 ± 8 cm; VO2peak: 67.5 ± 2.9 mL min-1 kg-1) with T1D underwent either HD-tDCS (F3, F4) or control (SHAM) and completed a constant-load trial (CLT) at 75% of the 2nd ventilatory threshold plus a 15-km cycling time-trial (TT). RESULTS After HD-tDCS, the total time to cover the TT was 3.8% faster (P < 0.01), associated with a higher mean power output (P < 0.01), and a higher rate of power/perception of effort (P < 0.01) and power/heart rate at iso-time (P < 0.05) than the SHAM condition. Physiological parameters during CLT and TT did not differ in both conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that upregulation of the prefrontal cortex could enhance endurance performance in high-level cyclists with T1D, without altering physiological and perceptual responses at moderate intensity. Present data open to future applications of HD-tDCS to a wider population of active T1D-subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Gallo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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24
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Transdermal Maltose-Based Microneedle Patch as Adjunct to Enhance Topical Anesthetic before Intravenous Cannulation of Pediatric Thalassemic Patients Receiving Blood Transfusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185291. [PMID: 36142938 PMCID: PMC9501834 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous cannulation is experientially traumatic to children. To minimize this, EMLA® is applied on the would-be-cannulated area before IV cannula insertion. However, the time to achieve its maximum efficacy may be affected due to incomplete cutaneous absorption and the duration of application. The latter may be a limiting factor in a busy healthcare facility. The usage of dissolvable maltose microneedles may circumvent this problem by introducing micropores that will facilitate EMLA® absorption. A randomized phase II cross-over trial will be conducted to compare the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores and skin conductance algesimeter index between 4 different interventions (1 fingertip unit (FTU) of EMLA® with microneedle patch for 30 min before cannulation; 0.5 FTU of EMLA® with microneedle patch for 30 min; 1 FTU of EMLA® with microneedle for 15 min; 1 FTU of EMLA® with sham patch for 30 min). A total of 26 pediatric patients with thalassemia aged between 6 and 18 years old and requiring blood transfusion will be recruited in this trial. During the visits, the VAS scores and skin conductance algesimeter index at venous cannulation will be obtained using the VAS rulers and PainMonitor™ machine, respectively. The trial will commence in August 2021 and is anticipated to end by August 2022.
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25
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Wu Q, Fang G, Zhao J, Liu J. Effect of Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation on Fatigue Delay after Medium-Intensity Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127042. [PMID: 35742289 PMCID: PMC9222574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on fatigue delay after medium-intensity training. Materials and Methods: Ninety healthy college athletes were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 45) and control group (n = 45). The experimental group received medium-intensity training for a week. After each training, the experimental group received true stimulation of tPCS (continuous 15 min 1.5 mA current intensity stimulation). The control group received sham stimulation. The physiological and biochemical indicators of participants were tested before and after the experiment, and finally 30 participants in each group were included for data analysis. Results: In the experimental group, creatine kinase (CK), cortisol (C), time-domain heart rate variability indices root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), and frequency domain indicator low frequency (LF) all increased slowly after the intervention. Among these, CK, C, and SDNN values were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Testosterone (T), T/C, and heart rate variability frequency domain indicator high frequency (HF) in the experimental group decreased slowly after the intervention, and the HF value was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The changes in all of the indicators in the experimental group were smaller than those in the control group. Conclusion: The application of tPCS after medium-intensity training enhanced the adaptability to training and had a significant effect on the maintenance of physiological state. The application of tPCS can significantly promote the recovery of autonomic nervous system function, enhance the regulation of parasympathetic nerves, and delay the occurrence of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchang Wu
- College of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Guoliang Fang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (G.F.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (G.F.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Study on the Effect of Different Transcranial Pulse Current Stimulation Intervention Programs for Eliminating Physical Fatigue. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the effect of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on eliminating cognitive fatigue, but there is little research on optimizing the intervention program of tPCS. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of different tPCS intervention programs on the elimination of physical fatigue in college athletes. Accordingly, 40 healthy college athletes were randomly divided into two groups of 20, denoted as A and B. Both groups exercised on treadmills. There were 15 subjects in group A who met the criteria of moderate physical fatigue, and 15 subjects in group B who met the criteria of severe physical fatigue. The subjects in each group were intervened with five different intervention programs of tPCS (intervention programs I, II, III, IV and V). The heart rate variability (HRV) and concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) were measured before and after each intervention to judge the elimination effects of different intervention programs on different degrees of physical fatigue; the measurement indicators of the HRV include RMSSD, SDNN, HF and LF. The results indicated that tPCS intervention can eliminate both moderate and severe physical fatigue. Programs II, III, and IV had a significant effect on eliminating the moderate physical fatigue of athletes (p < 0.05), among which program II, with a stimulation time of 30 min and a stimulation intensity of sensory intensity, had the best effect. Programs I, II, III, and IV all had significant effects on eliminating the severe physical fatigue of athletes (p < 0.05), among which program I, with a stimulation time of 30 min and a stimulation intensity of sensory intensity + 0.2 mA, had the best effect. We conclude that different tPCS intervention programs can have different effects on the elimination of physical fatigue. The effects of the five intervention programs on the elimination of physical fatigue in athletes are as follows: program II is most suitable for moderate physical fatigue, and program I is most suitable for severe physical fatigue.
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27
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Jaberzadeh S, Zoghi M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Exercise Performance: A Mini Review of the Underlying Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2022; 3:841911. [PMID: 38235480 PMCID: PMC10790841 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.841911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Exercise performance (EP) is affected by a combination of factors including physical, physiological, and psychological factors. This includes factors such as peripheral, central, and mental fatigue, external peripheral factors such as pain and temperature, and psychological factors such as motivation and self-confidence. During the last century, numerous studies from different fields of research were carried out to improve EP by modifying these factors. During the last two decades, the focus of research has been mainly moved toward the brain as a dynamic ever-changing organ and the ways changes in this organ may lead to improvements in physical performance. Development of centrally-acting performance modifiers such as level of motivation or sleep deprivation and the emergence of novel non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are the key motives behind this move. This article includes three sections. Section Introduction provides an overview of the mechanisms behind the reduction of EP. The main focus of the Effects of tDCS on EP section is to provide a brief description of the effects of tDCS on maximal and submaximal types of exercise and finally, the section Mechanisms Behind the Effects of tDCS on EP provides description of the mechanisms behind the effects of tDCS on EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia
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28
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Liang Z, Zhou J, Jiao F, Gin T, Wang X, Liu Y, Lü J. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Endurance Performance in Elite Female Rowers: A Pilot, Single-Blinded Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050541. [PMID: 35624927 PMCID: PMC9139125 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance, which is dependent at least partly upon the activation of the brain cortex, is important for performance in rowing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown benefits for endurance, but its effects on the endurance performance of elite rowing athletes are unknown, and are examined in this study. Eight elite female rowers completed 5 km of rowing on an ergometer following stimulation of the tDCS and sham over motor cortices. Each session lasted 20 min and the current was set at 2.2 mA. Time, 500 m/split, power, time corresponding to 500 m (TC500) and power corresponding to 500 m (PC500) were recorded continuously throughout the tests. No significant differences in time, 500 m/split and power were observed between baseline, tDCS and sham. Compared to the sham, tDCS induced a percentage reduction in TC500 from baseline to 2500 m and 4000 m, and a percentage increase in PC500 from baseline to 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 2000 m, 2500 m, 4000 m, 4500 m and 5000 m. One-session tDCS did not have significant benefits for rowing endurance performance in elite professional rowers, and had only marginally greater efficacy compared to sham. These findings offer knowledge helpful to the design of future studies exploring the effects of tDCS on the endurance performance of elite rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.L.); (F.J.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA;
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Roslindale, MA 02131, USA
| | - Fujia Jiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.L.); (F.J.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Trenton Gin
- College of Art and Science, Cornell University, New York, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.L.); (F.J.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-66507356
| | - Jiaojiao Lü
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.L.); (F.J.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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29
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Effects of Bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex High-Definition Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation on Physiological and Performance Responses at Severe-Intensity Exercise Domain in Elite Road Cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1085-1093. [PMID: 35453121 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex high-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on physiological and performance responses during exercise at the upper limit of the severe-intensity exercise domain in elite-level road cyclists. METHODS Eleven elite-level road cyclists (VO2peak: 71.8 [3.1] mL·kg-1·min-1) underwent the HD-tDCS or SHAM condition in a double-blind, counterbalanced, and randomized order. After 20 minutes of receiving either HD-tDCS on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3 and F4) or SHAM stimulation, participants completed a 10-minute constant-load trial (CLT1) at 90% of the first ventilatory threshold and a 2-minute CLT (CLT2) at peak power output. Thereafter, they performed a simulated 2-km time trial (TT). Maximal oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion were recorded during CLT1 and CLT2, whereas performance parameters were recorded during the TT. RESULTS In 6 out of 11 cyclists, the total time to complete the TT was 3.0% faster in HD-tDCS compared to SHAM. Physiological and perceptual variables measured during CLT1 and CLT2 did not change between HD-tDCS and SHAM. CONCLUSIONS HD-tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seemed to improve cycling TT performance within the upper limit of the severe-intensity exercise domain, suggesting that an upregulation of the prefrontal cortex could be critical even in this exercise intensity domain. However, the limited dimension and the high interindividual variability require further studies to test these putative ergogenic effects.
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Wang L, Wang C, Yang H, Shao Q, Niu W, Yang Y, Zheng F. Halo Sport Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improved Muscular Endurance Performance and Neuromuscular Efficiency During an Isometric Submaximal Fatiguing Elbow Flexion Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:758891. [PMID: 35250511 PMCID: PMC8891483 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.758891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using Halo Sport on the time to exhaustion (TTE) in relation with muscle activities and corticomuscular coupling of agonist and antagonist muscles during a sustained isometric fatiguing contraction performed with the elbow flexors. Twenty healthy male college students were randomly assigned to tDCS group and control group. The two group participants performed two experimental sessions which consisted of pre-fatigue isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), sustained submaximal voluntary contractions (30% maximal torque) performed to exhaustion, and post-fatigue MVC with the right elbow flexor muscles. Sham stimulation (90 s) and tDCS (20 min) were applied for control and tDCS group participants 20 min prior to the second session test, respectively. MVC strength in pre- and post-fatigue test, TTE, electroencephalogram (EEG), and electromyography (EMG) of biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) were recorded during the tests. It was found that tDCS using the Halo Sport device significantly increased TTE and thus improved muscular endurance performance. The improvement may be partly related to the improvement of neuromuscular efficiency as reflected by decrease of antagonistic muscle coactivation activities, which may be related to cortical originated central processing mechanism of neuromuscular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejun Wang
- Sport and Health Research Center, Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Sport and Health Research Center, Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Sport and Health Research Center, Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qineng Shao
- Sport and Health Research Center, Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health Science, Yibin University, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Yang,
| | - Fanhui Zheng
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sport Science, Shanghai, China
- Fanhui Zheng,
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Chinzara T, Buckingham G, Harris D. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and sporting performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of tDCS effects on physical endurance, muscular strength, and visuomotor skills. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:468-486. [PMID: 34904303 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been linked with a range of physiological and cognitive enhancements relevant to sporting performance. As a number of positive and null findings have been reported in the literature, the present meta-analysis sought to synthesise results across endurance, strength, and visuomotor skill domains to investigate if tDCS improves any aspect of sporting performance. Online database searches in August 2020 identified 43 full-text studies which examined the acute effects of tDCS compared to sham/control conditions on physical endurance, muscular strength, and visuomotor skills in healthy adults. Meta-analysis indicated a small overall effect favouring tDCS stimulation over sham/control (standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.25, CI95%[0.14;0.36]). Effects on strength (SMD=0.31, CI95%[0.10;0.51]) and visuomotor (SMD=0.29, CI95%[0.00;0.57]) tasks were larger than endurance performance (SMD=0.18, CI95%[0.00;0.37]). Meta-regressions indicated effect sizes were not related to stimulation parameters, but other factors such as genetics, gender, and experience may modulate tDCS effects. The results suggest tDCS has the potential to be used as an ergogenic aid in conjunction with a specified training regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Chinzara
- Department of Sport and Health Science, University of Exeter, UK.,Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Buckingham
- Department of Sport and Health Science, University of Exeter, UK
| | - David Harris
- Department of Sport and Health Science, University of Exeter, UK
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Simultaneous transcranial and transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation to enhance athletic performance outcome in experienced boxers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19722. [PMID: 34611236 PMCID: PMC8492629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is among the rapidly growing experimental approaches to enhance athletic performance. Likewise, novel investigations have recently addressed the effects of transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) on motor functions such as reduced reaction time. The impact of tDCS, and tsDCS might be attributed to altered spontaneous neural activity and membrane potentials of cortical and corticomotoneuronal cells, respectively. Given the paucity of empirical research in non-invasive brain stimulation in sports neuroscience, especially in boxing, the present investigation studied the effects of neuromodulation on motor and cognitive functions of professional boxers. The study sample comprised 14 experienced male boxers who received random sequential real or sham direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex (M1) and paraspinal region (corresponding to the hand area) in two sessions with a 72-h interval. Unlike sham stimulation, real stimulation improved selective attention and reaction time of the experienced boxers [enhanced selective attention (p < 0.0003), diminished right hand (p < 0.0001) and left hand reaction time (p < 0.0006)]. Meanwhile, the intervention left no impact on the participants' cognitive functions (p > 0.05). We demonstrated that simultaneous stimulation of the spinal cord and M1 can improve the performance of experienced boxers through neuromodulation. The present study design may be extended to examine the role of neurostimulation in other sport fields.
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Nikooharf Salehi E, Jaydari Fard S, Jaberzadeh S, Zoghi M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces the Negative Impact of Mental Fatigue on Swimming Performance. J Mot Behav 2021; 54:327-336. [PMID: 34433377 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1962238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The issue of using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve sport performance has recently been a topic of interest for researchers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on mental fatigue and physical performance in professional swimmers. Fifteen professional swimmers were randomly assigned in a single-blinded, randomized, counterbalanced order to sham, anodal and cathodal stimulation conditions. Mental fatigue was induced by using a 60-min modified Stroop color-word task. Subjective ratings of mental fatigue were measured before and after the stroop task. The results showed that only anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC reduces adverse effects of mental fatigue in 50-meter swimming performance, whereas cathodal stimulation had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nikooharf Salehi
- Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Jaydari Fard
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Savoury R, Kibele A, Behm DG. Methodological Issues with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Enhancing Muscle Strength and Endurance: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-021-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cycling Time Trial Performance and Prefrontal Cortex Activation. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low levels of a constant current via scalp electrodes to specifically targeted areas of the brain. The effects of tDCS on whole-body exercise performance has been of interest in recent literature. The purpose of the current investigation was to investigate if tDCS, administered via Halo Sport, influences time trial performance in trained cyclists, and if changes in exercise performance are associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and/or muscle oxygenation (SmO2). Methods: Twelve recreationally trained cyclists volunteered to participate in a crossover study design involving two 10-kilometer time trials following 20 min of tDCS or a sham condition. Results: t-tests showed there was no significant difference in performance (time to completion) or physiological measures (blood lactate (BL) concentration, heart rate (HR), SmO2, PFC oxygenation) between the Halo and sham conditions. Conclusions: These results indicate that the application of tDCS via Halo Sport does not induce changes in exercise performance or related physiological parameters during a 10-kilometer cycling time trial.
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Kristiansen M, Thomsen MJ, Nørgaard J, Aaes J, Knudsen D, Voigt M. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation increases corticospinal excitability, while performance is unchanged. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254888. [PMID: 34270614 PMCID: PMC8284656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has been shown to improve bicycle time to fatigue (TTF) tasks at 70–80% of VO2max and downregulate rate of perceived exertion (RPE). This study aimed to investigate the effect of a-tDCS on a RPE-clamp test, a 250-kJ time trial (TT) and motor evoked potentials (MEP). Twenty participants volunteered for three trials; control, sham stimulation and a-tDCS. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to determine the corticospinal excitability for 12 participants pre and post sham stimulation and a-tDCS. The a-tDCS protocol consisted of 13 minutes of stimulation (2 mA) with the anode placed above the Cz. The RPE-clamp test consisted of 5 minutes ergometer bicycling at an RPE of 13 on the Borg scale, and the TT consisted of a 250 kJ (∼10 km) long bicycle ergometer test. During each test, power output, heart rate and oxygen consumption was measured, while RPE was evaluated. MEPs increased significantly by 36% (±36%) post a-tDCS, with 8.8% (±31%) post sham stimulation (p = 0.037). No significant changes were found for any parameter at the RPE-clamp or TT. The lack of improvement may be due to RPE being more controlled by afferent feedback during TT tests than during TTF tests. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that a-tDCS applied over Cz, does not enhance self-paced cycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kristiansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikkel Jacobi Thomsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Nørgaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jon Aaes
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis Knudsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Voigt
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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da Silva Machado DG, Bikson M, Datta A, Caparelli-Dáquer E, Unal G, Baptista AF, Cyrino ES, Li LM, Morya E, Moreira A, Okano AH. Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13911. [PMID: 34230503 PMCID: PMC8260713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called "conventional" tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in a diffuse electric field. A new tDCS technique called high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has been recently developed. HD-tDCS uses small ring electrodes and produces improved focality and greater magnitude of its aftereffects. This study tested whether HD-tDCS would improve exercise performance to a greater extent than conventional tDCS. Twelve endurance athletes (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 60.15 ± 5.09 ml kg-1 min-1) were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, crossover, and sham-controlled trial. To test reliability, participants performed two time to exhaustion (TTE) tests (control conditions) on a cycle simulator with 80% of peak power until volitional exhaustion. Next, they randomly received HD-tDCS (2.4 mA), conventional (2.0 mA), or active sham tDCS (2.0 mA) over the motor cortex for 20-min before performing the TTE test. TTE, heart rate (HR), associative thoughts, peripheral (lower limbs), and whole-body ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every minute. Outcome measures were reliable. There was no difference in TTE between HD-tDCS (853.1 ± 288.6 s), simulated conventional (827.8 ± 278.7 s), sham (794.3 ± 271.2 s), or control conditions (TTE1 = 751.1 ± 261.6 s or TTE2 = 770.8 ± 250.6 s) [F(1.95; 21.4) = 1.537; P = 0.24; η2p = 0.123]. There was no effect on peripheral or whole-body RPE and associative thoughts (P > 0.05). No serious adverse effect was reported. A single session of neither HD-tDCS nor conventional tDCS changed exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in athletes, suggesting that a ceiling effect may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UEM/UEL, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Datta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Egas Caparelli-Dáquer
- Nervous System Electric Stimulation Lab (LabEEL), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abrahão F Baptista
- Nervous System Electric Stimulation Lab (LabEEL), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UEM/UEL, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Li Min Li
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, RN, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Moreira
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hideki Okano
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UEM/UEL, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Penna EM, Filho E, Campos BT, Ferreira RM, Parma JO, Lage GM, Coswig VS, Wanner SP, Prado LS. No Effects of Mental Fatigue and Cerebral Stimulation on Physical Performance of Master Swimmers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:656499. [PMID: 34290647 PMCID: PMC8287522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by extended periods of cognitive effort, and evidence suggests that mentally fatigued athletes present impaired physical performance. Different ergogenic aids have been proposed to counteract the deleterious effects of mental fatigue, but whether brain stimulation can counteract mental fatigue is still unknown. This scenario is even more obscure considering the effects of these interventions (mental fatigue induction and brain stimulation) in a very experienced population consisting of master athletes. Method: Ten master swimmers (30 ± 6 years old and 14 ± 8 years of experience) participated in the study. They underwent four experimental conditions before an 800-m freestyle test: mental fatigue with brain stimulation; mental fatigue without brain stimulation; absence of mental fatigue with brain stimulation; and absence of mental fatigue and no brain stimulation. Mental fatigue was induced by a cognitively demanding Stroop Color Test, whereas stimulation was applied on the temporal cortex. After that, the athletes swan 800 m as fast as possible and provided their ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) every 200 m. Results: Mental fatigue was effectively induced, as evidenced by a greater fatigue perception and more errors in the last blocks of the cognitive task. Mental fatigue induction did not influence performance (time to complete the swimming trial) and RPE. Similarly, brain stimulation failed to change these two parameters, regardless of mental fatigue induction. Conclusion: The prolonged physical performance of experienced master athletes is not influenced, under the present conditions, by mental fatigue induction, cerebral stimulation, and their association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Macedo Penna
- GET/UFPA - Grupo de Estudos em Treinamento Físico e Esportivo, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Brazil.,LAFISE - Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edson Filho
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruno Teobaldo Campos
- LAFISE - Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Melo Ferreira
- LAQUA - Laboratório de Atividades Aquáticas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Otoni Parma
- NNeuroM - Núcleo de Neurociências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Menezes Lage
- NNeuroM - Núcleo de Neurociências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Victor Silveira Coswig
- GET/UFPA - Grupo de Estudos em Treinamento Físico e Esportivo, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- LAFISE - Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciano Sales Prado
- LAFISE - Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,CTE- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the psychomotor, cognitive, and motor performances of power athletes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9731. [PMID: 33958679 PMCID: PMC8102586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In sports science, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has many unknown effects on neuromuscular, psychomotor and cognitive aspects. Particularly, its impact on power performances remains poorly investigated. Eighteen healthy young males, all trained in a jumping sport (parkour) performed three experimental sessions: anodal tDCS applied either on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, cathode in supraorbital area) or on the primary motor cortex (M1, cathode on contralateral shoulder), and a placebo condition (SHAM), each applied for 20 min at 2 mA. Pre and post, maximal vertical and horizontal jumps were performed, associated to leg neuromuscular assessment through electromyography and peripheral nerve stimulations. Actual and imagined pointing tasks were also performed to evaluate fine motor skills, and a full battery of cognitive and psychomotor tests was administered. M1 tDCS improved jump performance accompanied by an increase in supraspinal and spinal excitabilities. dlPFC stimulation only impacted the pointing tasks. No effect on cognitive tests was found for any of the tDCS conditions. To conclude, the type of performance (maximal versus accurate) affected depended upon the tDCS montage. Finally, athletes responded well to tDCS for motor performance while results to cognitive tests seemed unaffected, at least when implemented with the present rationale.
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Thibaut A, Shie VL, Ryan CM, Zafonte R, Ohrtman EA, Schneider JC, Fregni F. A review of burn symptoms and potential novel neural targets for non-invasive brain stimulation for treatment of burn sequelae. Burns 2021; 47:525-537. [PMID: 33293156 PMCID: PMC8685961 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Burn survivors experience myriad associated symptoms such as pain, pruritus, fatigue, impaired motor strength, post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Many of these symptoms are common and remain chronic, despite current standard of care. One potential novel intervention to target these post burn symptoms is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). tDCS is a non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique that modulates neural excitability of a specific target or neural network. The aim of this work is to review the neural circuits of the aforementioned clinical sequelae associated with burn injuries and to provide a scientific rationale for specific NIBS targets that can potentially treat these conditions. We ran a systematic review, following the PRISMA statement, of tDCS effects on burn symptoms. Only three studies matched our criteria. One was a feasibility study assessing cortical plasticity in chronic neuropathic pain following burn injury, one looked at the effects of tDCS to reduce pain anxiety during burn wound care, and one assessed the effects of tDCS to manage pain and pruritus in burn survivors. Current literature on NIBS in burn remains limited, only a few trials have been conducted. Based on our review and results in other populations suffering from similar symptoms as patients with burn injuries, three main areas were selected: the prefrontal region, the parietal area and the motor cortex. Based on the importance of the prefrontal cortex in the emotional component of pain and its implication in various psychosocial symptoms, targeting this region may represent the most promising target. Our review of the neural circuitry involved in post burn symptoms and suggested targeted areas for stimulation provide a spring board for future study initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Thibaut
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; GIGA-Institute and Neurology Department, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vivian L Shie
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Emily A Ohrtman
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Schneider
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Sidhu SK. Remote muscle priming anodal transcranial direct current stimulation attenuates short interval intracortical inhibition and increases time to task failure of a constant workload cycling exercise. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1975-1985. [PMID: 33891144 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS), a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique has been shown to increase the excitability of targeted brain area and influence endurance exercise performance. However, the effect of atDCS applied on an unexercised muscle motor cortex (M1) representation on GABAA-mediated intracortical inhibition and endurance exercise performance remains unknown. In two separate sessions, twelve subjects performed fatigue cycling exercise (80% peak power output) sustained to task failure in a double-blinded design, following either ten minutes of bicephalic anodal tDCS (atDCS) or sham applied on a non-exercised hand muscle M1 representation. Short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was measured at baseline, post neuromodulation and post-exercise using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a resting hand muscle. There was a greater decrease in SICI (P < 0.05) post fatigue cycling with atDCS priming compared to sham. Time to task failure (TTF) was significantly increased following atDCS compared to sham (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that atDCS applied over the non-exercised muscle M1 representation can augment cycling exercise performance; and although this outcome may be mediated via a multitude of mechanisms, a decrease in the global excitability of GABAA inhibitory interneurons may be a possible contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjit K Sidhu
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, S433, Helen Mayo South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Donati F, Sian V, Biasini GM, de la Torre X, Folchitto F, Botrè F. Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Other Neurotrophins in Elite Athletes: Potential Markers of the Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Sport. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:619573. [PMID: 33912829 PMCID: PMC8071936 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.619573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation that may enhance mental and physical performance in sports, representing a potential new form of doping (“brain doping” or “electromagnetic doping”). This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers for detecting the possible abuse of tDCS in sport. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophins (NT, such as beta nerve growth factor, NGF) were pre-selected as potential candidates since their serum values have been observed to change following tDCS. Neurotrophins were measured using ELISA assays in 92 serum samples collected from elite athletes, classified by sex (males = 74; females = 18), age (range 17–25 n = 27, 26–35 n = 36, and over 35 n = 14; age not known n = 15), type of sports practiced (endurance n = 74; power n = 18), and type of sample collection (“in competition” n = 24; “out of competition” n = 68). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs6265, rs11030099, and rs11030100) were genotyped on 88 samples to determine their influence on the analytes' basal levels. Athletes older than 35 presented higher BDNF values than younger individuals (p < 0.05). Samples collected “in competition” showed higher BDNF concentrations than those collected “out of competition” (p < 0.05). The studied polymorphisms appeared to affect only on proBDNF, not altering BDNF serum concentrations. NT-3 and NT-4 were poorly detectable in serum. Our results suggest that BDNF can be considered as a first biomarker to detect the abuse of tDCS in sport doping. Further studies are necessary to assess whether proBDNF and beta NGF can also be considered suitable biomarkers to detect the recourse to electromagnetic brain stimulation in sports, especially in the case their serum levels can be monitored longitudinally. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to pre-select serum biomarkers to identify the use of tDCS, and represents the first step toward the development of an indirect strategy, preferably based on the longitudinal monitoring of individual data, for the future detection of “brain doping” in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Sian
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xavier de la Torre
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Folchitto
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.,REDs - Research and Expertise in anti-Doping Sciences, ISSUL - Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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EFFECTS OF TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION ON MUSCLE FATIGUE IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS - RANDOMISED, SHAM-CONTROLLED, TRIPLE-BLIND, CROSS-OVER STUDY - PROTOCOL STUDY. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 101:279-283. [PMID: 33605575 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on central and peripheral fatigue in recreational runners. METHODOLOGY A clinical randomized, sham-controlled, triple-blind, cross-over study. There will be 20 adult runners who will be randomized on the first day of the intervention to receive active or sham tDCS before fatigue protocol. After one week, the participants will receive the opposite therapy to the one that they received on the first day. Intervention: The tDCS, 2 mA, will be applied for 20 minutes over the motor cortex. The fatigue protocol will be performed after tDCS, in which the participant should perform concentric knee flexion/ extension contractions until reaching three contractions at only 50% of maximum voluntary contraction. Evaluations: Central fatigue will be evaluated with the motor evoked potential of the quadriceps muscle; peripheral fatigue with the peak torque (N.m) using an isokinetic dynamometer; the electrical activity of the quadriceps muscle using surface electromyography (Hz); blood lactate level (mmol/L); and the subjective perception of effort (Borg scale). All evaluations will be repeated pre and post the interventions. CONCLUSION This study will evaluate the effect of tDCS on fatigue in runners, possibly determining an application protocol for this population.
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Peripheral-central interplay for fatiguing unresisted repetitive movements: a study using muscle ischaemia and M1 neuromodulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2075. [PMID: 33483562 PMCID: PMC7822864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximal-rate rhythmic repetitive movements cannot be sustained for very long, even if unresisted. Peripheral and central mechanisms of fatigue, such as the slowing of muscle relaxation and an increase in M1-GABAb inhibition, act alongside the reduction of maximal execution rates. However, maximal muscle force appears unaffected, and it is unknown whether the increased excitability of M1 GABAergic interneurons is an adaptation to the waning of muscle contractility in these movements. Here, we observed increased M1 GABAb inhibition at the end of 30 s of a maximal-rate finger-tapping (FT) task that caused fatigue and muscle slowdown in a sample of 19 healthy participants. The former recovered a few seconds after FT ended, regardless of whether muscle ischaemia was used to keep the muscle slowed down. Therefore, the increased excitability of M1-GABAb circuits does not appear to be mediated by afferent feedback from the muscle. In the same subjects, continuous (inhibitory) and intermittent (excitatory) theta-burst stimulation (TBS) was used to modulate M1 excitability and to understand the underlying central mechanisms within the motor cortex. The effect produced by TBS on M1 excitability did not affect FT performance. We conclude that fatigue during brief, maximal-rate unresisted repetitive movements has supraspinal components, with origins upstream of the motor cortex.
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Shyamali Kaushalya F, Romero-Arenas S, García-Ramos A, Colomer-Poveda D, Marquez G. Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cycling and running performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:113-125. [PMID: 33280514 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1856933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proven to induce positive effects on athletic performance. The present study aimed to analyse the effect of anodal-tDCS on endurance (time to exhaustion [TTE] or endurance time trial [ETT]) and sprint performance during cycling and running tasks. We performed a systematic literature review in the databases Medline (via PubMed), SPORTDiscus and Science Direct. We included only randomised controlled trials conducted with healthy individuals in which an anodal-tDCS protocol was applied prior to cycling or running tests. The effect of anodal-tDCS (experimental condition) was compared against sham stimulation (control condition). A total of 15 interventions from 13 studies were included. The sub-group analysis revealed a positive effect of anodal-tDCS on TTE (standardised mean differences [SMD] = 0.37; 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13, 0.61; p = 0.01), but not on ETT (SMD = 0.00; 90% CI = -0.29, 0.30; p = 1.00) or sprint performance (SMD = 0.19; 90% CI = -0.23, 0.60; p = 0.46). The current meta-analysis suggests that the effect of anodal-tDCS on whole-body dynamic exercises (running and cycling) could be task dependent. Specifically, anodal-tDCS enhance running and cycling time to exhaustion performance during TTE tasks but not ETT or sprint tasks. The increase in cortical excitability induced by anodal-tDCS may lead to lower ratings of perceived exertion by reducing the input required to perform the physical task. Task should be taken into account, because it is probably influencing the result obtained by anodal-tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Shyamali Kaushalya
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Romero-Arenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Marquez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences of Sport and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex High-Definition Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Improves Time-Trial Performance in Elite Cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 16:224-231. [PMID: 33276322 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on endurance exercise performance are not yet fully understood. Different stimulated areas and low focality of classical tDCS technique may have led to discordant results. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of a bilateral anodal high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the cycling time-trial (TT) performance and physiological and perceptual response at moderate intensity in elite cyclists. METHODS A total of 8 elite cyclists (maximal oxygen consumption: 72.2 [4.3] mL·min-1·kg-1) underwent in a double-blind, counterbalanced, and randomized order the experimental treatment (HD-tDCS) or control treatment (SHAM). After 20 minutes of receiving either HD-tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3 and F4) or SHAM stimulation, the participants completed a constant-load trial (CLT) at 75% of the second ventilatory threshold. Thereafter, they performed a simulated 15-km TT. The ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate, cadence, oxygen consumption, and respiratory exchange ratio were recorded during the CLT; the ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate were recorded during the TT. RESULTS The total time to complete the TT was 1.3% faster (HD-tDCS: 1212 [52] s vs SHAM: 1228 [56] s; P = .04) and associated with a higher heart rate (P < .001) and a tendency toward higher mean power output (P = .05). None of the physiological and perceptual variables measured during the CLT highlighted differences between the HD-tDCS and SHAM condition. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that bilateral HD-tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves cycling TT performance without altering the physiological and perceptual response at moderate intensity, indicating that an upregulation of the prefrontal cortex could enhance endurance exercise performance.
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Romanella SM, Sprugnoli G, Ruffini G, Seyedmadani K, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. Noninvasive Brain Stimulation & Space Exploration: Opportunities and Challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:294-319. [PMID: 32937115 PMCID: PMC8361862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As NASA prepares for longer space missions aiming for the Moon and Mars, astronauts' health and performance are becoming a central concern due to the threats associated with galactic cosmic radiation, unnatural gravity fields, and life in extreme environments. In space, the human brain undergoes functional and structural changes related to fluid shift and changes in intracranial pressure. Behavioral abnormalities, such as cognitive deficits, sleep disruption, and visuomotor difficulties, as well as psychological effects, are also an issue. We discuss opportunities and challenges of noninvasive brain stimulation (NiBS) methods - including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) - to support space exploration in several ways. NiBS includes safe and portable techniques already applied in a wide range of cognitive and motor domains, as well as therapeutically. NiBS could be used to enhance in-flight performance, supporting astronauts during pre-flight Earth-based training, as well as to identify biomarkers of post-flight brain changes for optimization of rehabilitation/compensatory strategies. We review these NiBS techniques and their effects on brain physiology, psychology, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Romanella
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Sprugnoli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Seyedmadani
- University Space Research Association NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Beaumont JD, Davis D, Dalton M, Nowicky A, Russell M, Barwood MJ. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on food craving, reward and appetite in a healthy population. Appetite 2020; 157:105004. [PMID: 33068669 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control hedonic appetite is associated with executive functioning, originating in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These rewarding components of food can override homeostatic mechanisms, potentiating obesogenic behaviours. Indeed, those susceptible to overconsumption appear to have PFC hypo-activation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) has been shown to reduce food craving and consumption, potentially via attenuating this reward response. We examined the effects of stimulation on food reward and craving using a healthy-weight cohort. This study is amongst the first to explore the effects of tDCS on explicit and implicit components of reward for different food categories. Twenty-one healthy-weight participants (24 ± 7 years, 22.8 ± 2.3 kg m-2) completed two sessions involving double-blind, randomised and counterbalanced anodal or sham tDCS over the right DLPFC, at 2 mA for 20 min. Food craving (Food Craving Questionnaire-State), reward (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire), and subjective appetite (100 mm visual analogue scales) were measured pre- and post-tDCS. Eating behaviour trait susceptibility was assessed using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Short Form, Control of Eating Questionnaire, and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait-reduced. Stimulation did not alter food craving, reward or appetite in healthy-weight participants who displayed low susceptibility to overconsumption, with low trait craving, good craving control, and low uncontrolled eating and emotional eating behaviour. Implicit and explicit reward were reliable measures of hedonic appetite, suggesting these are robust targets for future tDCS research. These findings suggest that applying tDCS over the DLPFC does not change food reward response in individuals not at risk for overconsumption, and future work should focus on those at risk of overconsumption who may be more responsive to the effects of tDCS on hedonic appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Beaumont
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK.
| | - Danielle Davis
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Michelle Dalton
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Alexander Nowicky
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Martin J Barwood
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
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Floyd JT, Lairamore C, Garrision MK, Woods AJ, Rainey JL, Kiser T, Padala PR, Mennemeier M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Can Alter Cortical Excitability of the Lower Extremity in Healthy Participants: A Review and Methodological Study. FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2020; 1:100002. [PMID: 33274350 PMCID: PMC7710335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to alter cortical excitability of the lower extremity (LE) and to influence performance on LE tasks like ankle tracking accuracy; but no study, to our knowledge, ever reported a significant change in cortical excitability relative to sham-tDCS. Additionally, because several different electrode montages were used in previous studies, it is difficult to know how stimulation should be applied to achieve this effect. Our objective was to determine whether active-tDCS alters cortical excitability of the LE and ankle tracking accuracy relative to sham-tDCS in healthy participants. The efficacy of two electrode montages and two conductance mediums were compared. METHODS A triple-blind, fully randomized, within-subjects study was conducted with healthy participants (N=18, 24.2 (6.6) years). Cortical recruitment curves and measures of ankle tracking accuracy for the dominant lower extremity were obtained before and after participants received active-tDCS at 2 milliamps for 20 minutes using montage-medium combinations of M1-SO:Saline, M1-SO:Gel, C1-C2:Saline, and C1-C2:Gel and a sham-tDCS condition (M1-SO: Saline). RESULTS The motor evoked potential maximum of the recruitment curve was significantly lower for active than sham-tDCS, but only for the M1-SO:Saline combination. No other significant differences in the recruitment curve parameters or in ankle tracking were found. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge to demonstrate a significant difference in cortical excitability of the LE between active and sham-tDCS conditions. Given the order in which the experimental procedures occurred, the result is consistent with the concept of a homeostatic plasticity response.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler Floyd
- University of Central Arkansas, Department of Physical Therapy, Conway, AR, USA 72035
| | - Chad Lairamore
- Western University of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy Education, Lebanon, OR 97355
| | - Mark Kevin Garrision
- University of Central Arkansas, Department of Physical Therapy, Conway, AR, USA 72035
| | - Adam J. Woods
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jacqueline L. Rainey
- University of Central Arkansas, Department of Health Sciences, Conway, AR, USA 72035
| | - Thomas Kiser
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Prasad R. Padala
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Mark Mennemeier
- University of Central Arkansas, Department of Physical Therapy, Conway, AR, USA 72035
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
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Codella R, Alongi R, Filipas L, Luzi L. Ergogenic Effects of Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Fitness: a Randomized Cross-over Trial. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:66-73. [PMID: 32781476 DOI: 10.1055/a-1198-8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several types of routines and methods have been experimented to gain neuromuscular advantages, in terms of exercise performance, in athletes and fitness enthusiasts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on physical fitness indicators of healthy, physically active, men. In a randomized, single-blinded, crossover fashion, seventeen subjects (age: 30.9 ± 6.5 years, BMI: 24.8±3.1 kg/m2) underwent either stimulation or sham, prior to: vertical jump, sit & reach, and endurance running tests. Mixed repeated measures anova revealed a large main effect of stimulation for any of the three physical fitness measures. Stimulation determined increases of lower limb power (+ 5%), sit & reach amplitude (+ 9%) and endurance running capacity (+ 12%) with respect to sham condition (0.16<ηp2 < 0.41; p<0.05). Ratings-of-perceived-exertion, recorded at the end of each test session, did not change across all performances. However, in the stimulated-endurance protocol, an average lower rate-of-perceived-exertion at iso-time was inferred. A portable transcranial direct current stimulation headset could be a valuable ergogenic resource for individuals seeking to improve physical fitness in daily life or in athletic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Alongi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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