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Mahmoud H, Badawy M, Mohammed SAN, El Shahawy M. Locally injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reverts the histopathological changes in the tongue of carbimazole-induced hypothyroidism of male rats. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106010. [PMID: 38795432 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To decipher the role of locally injected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in the tongue of hypothyroid rats. DESIGN A total 24 male Wister rats were utilized and allocated into 3 groups (n = 8). As for the control group, rats received distilled water via oral gavage. In the hypothyroid group, rats administered carbimazole 5 mg/ 250 g/ day for 6 successive weeks, for hypothyroidism induction. The BM-MSC treated hypothyroid group (BM-MSC group); hypothyroid rats received local injection of 0.5 million BM-MSCs in tongue. Six weeks after BM-MSC injection, tongue samples were processed for Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, Ki67-immunohistochemistry and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS The hypothyroid group revealed degenerative alterations in the lingual papillae, and apparent thinning of the inferior lingual epithelium compared to their controls. Tongues of the BM-MSC group depicted restoration of the normal tongue histology. The Ki67 immunoreaction was apparently decreased in the lingual epithelium of hypothyroid group compared to their controls, however the BM-MSC group regained Ki67 immunostaining. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that administration of BM-MSCs rescued the degenerative changes in the lingual mucosa and one of the possible underlying mechanisms could be the restoration of cellular proliferation in the lingual epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Mahmoud
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt
| | | | - Maha El Shahawy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr Aswan Road, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt.
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Sienkiewicz-Oleszkiewicz B, Hummel T. Olfactory function in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2024; 36:100342. [PMID: 38585386 PMCID: PMC10997837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasingly common disease in both children and adults. In addition to neuronal and/or vascular disorders, it can cause chemosensory abnormalities including olfactory deterioration. The purpose of this article is to summarize current knowledge on olfactory function in DM, highlighting the impact of co-morbidities, especially obesity, thyroid dysfunction, chronic kidney disease and COVID-19 on olfactory outcomes. Research to date mostly shows that olfactory impairment is more common in people with diabetes than in the general population. In addition, the presence of concomitant diseases is a factor increasing olfactory impairment. Such a correlation was shown for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. At the same time, not only chronic diseases, but also DM in acute conditions such as COVID-19 leads to a higher prevalence of olfactory disorders during infection. Analyzing the existing literature, it is important to be aware of the limitations of published studies. These include the small number of patients studied, the lack of uniformity in the methods used to assess the sense of smell, frequently relying on rated olfactory function only, and the simultaneous analysis of patients with different types of diabetes, often without a clear indication of diabetes type. In addition, the number of available publications is small. Certainly, further research in this area is needed. From a practical point of view decreased olfactory performance may be an indicator for central neuropathy and an indication for assessing the patient's nutritional status, examining cognitive function, especially in older patients and performing additional diagnostic tests, such as checking thyroid function, because all those changes were correlated with smell deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sienkiewicz-Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Mai-Lippold SA, Schultze J, Pollatos O. Interoceptive abilities impairment correlates with emotional eating and taste abnormalities in children with overweight and obesity. Appetite 2024; 194:107182. [PMID: 38154574 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Weight problems in children are associated with emotional eating, which has been linked to interoceptive abilities. Previous research also shows altered olfactory and gustatory perception in children with obesity and overweight. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the connection of alterations in olfactory and gustatory perception to interoceptive abilities and emotional eating among children with obesity and overweight. 23 children with overweight and obesity and age-matched controls with normal weight (12-16 years old) underwent olfactory and gustatory testing. Interoceptive abilities were assessed, focusing on interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility. Children with overweight and obesity showed significantly higher accuracy for detection of sweet taste, but descriptively lower accuracy for all other taste qualities compared to normal weight children. We found no changes in olfactory abilities in children with overweight and obesity. Emotional eating scores were elevated for children with overweight and obesity, and interoceptive accuracy scores were significantly lower. In both groups, interoceptive accuracy was inversely correlated with emotional eating. Our results support prior findings of altered gustatory abilities in children with overweight and obesity. The observed link between impaired interoceptive processes and heightened emotional eating in this group implies that interventions for overweight in children could benefit from targeting interoceptive abilities. This study provides meaningful grounds for further investigations into the roles of taste, emotional eating, and interoceptive abilities for overweight in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Mai-Lippold
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schultze
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Ulm University, Germany.
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Hasan AZ, Preethi BL, Kalra P. Gustatory dysfunction in euthyroid primary hypothyroidism. Ghana Med J 2023; 57:270-274. [PMID: 38957847 PMCID: PMC11215226 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study assessed gustatory functions in patients with primary hypothyroidism who are euthyroid on supplemental hormone therapy with levothyroxine over six months' duration and to evaluate the association of gustatory dysfunction, if any, with the serum TSH levels. Design This analytical community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2021, following participants' ethical approval and written informed consent. Setting The study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Participants Sixty-eight subjects participated in this study: 34 primary hypothyroid patients and an equal number of healthy controls. Interventions Gustatory sensations were assessed by the triple drop test, and scores were given depending on the identification of the tastants (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter). The taste scores were compared, and the association between TSH levels and gustatory parameters were evaluated. Results Overall taste scores were lesser in hypothyroid patients. This finding depicted that their taste thresholds were increased and were statistically significant (p < 0.001), though the association between the degree of hypogeusia and TSH levels was not statistically significant. Conclusion Patients with primary hypothyroidism can suffer from hypogeusia, which may revert to normal once they achieve euthyroid status with levothyroxine supplementation. However, this has not been conclusively shown in studies. Our study concluded that hypogeusia was present in primary hypothyroidism despite patients being euthyroid on hormone supplementation, and it was not dependent on the serum TSH levels. Funding None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Z Hasan
- M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B L Preethi
- M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramila Kalra
- M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Hirata AHDL, Camargo LADJR, da Silva VA, de Almeida RJ, Bacigalupo LDS, Albejante MC, Curi FSD, Varela P, Martins L, Pesquero JB, Delle H, Camacho CP. Exploring the Potential of Olfactory Receptor Circulating RNA Measurement for Preeclampsia Prediction and Its Linkage to Mild Gestational Hypothyroidism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16681. [PMID: 38069004 PMCID: PMC10706743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational hypothyroidism may lead to preeclampsia development. However, this pathophysiological is unknown. We expect to find a shared mechanism by comparing hypothyroidism and preeclampsia. From our transcriptome data, we recognized olfactory receptors as that fingerprint. The reduction of taste and smell in hypothyroid patients has been known for a long time. Therefore, we decided to look to the olfactory receptors and aimed to identify genes capable of predicting preeclampsia (PEC). Methods: An Ion Proton Sequencer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to construct the transcriptome databases. RStudio with packages Limma v.3.50.0, GEOquery v.2.62.2, and umap v.0.2.8.8 were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in GSE149440 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was used for RT-qPCR amplification of OR6X1 and OR4E2. Results: Our transcriptomic datasets analysis revealed 25.08% and 26.75% downregulated olfactory receptor (ORs) in mild nontreated gestational hypothyroidism (GHT) and PEC, respectively. In the GSE149440 GEO dataset, we found OR5H1, OR5T3, OR51A7, OR51B6, OR10J5, OR6C6, and OR2AG2 as predictors of early-onset PEC. We also evaluate two chosen biomarkers' responses to levothyroxine. The RT-qPCR demonstrated a difference in OR6X1 and OR4E2 expression between GHT and healthy pregnancy (p < 0.05). Those genes presented a negative correlation with TSH (r: -0.51, p < 0.05; and r: -0.44, p < 0.05), a strong positive correlation with each other (r: 0.89; p < 0.01) and the levothyroxine-treated group had no difference from the healthy one. We conclude that ORs could be used as biomarkers at the beginning of gestation, and the downregulated ORs found in GHT may be improved with levothyroxine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Harumy de Lima Hirata
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio de Jesus Rocha Camargo
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
- Thyroid Diseases Center, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11th Floor, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdelena Alessandra da Silva
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson José de Almeida
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas dos Santos Bacigalupo
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui, Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 4301, São Paulo 02401-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Albejante
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui, Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 4301, São Paulo 02401-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Salomão d’Avila Curi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui, Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 4301, São Paulo 02401-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Varela
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnostic of Genetic Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Martins
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnostic of Genetic Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
- Division of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences (IMB-PAS), Lodowa 106, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnostic of Genetic Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Delle
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleber P. Camacho
- Molecular Innovation and Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
- Thyroid Diseases Center, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11th Floor, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
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Haigis AC, Vergauwen L, LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, O'Brien JM, Knapen D. Cross-species applicability of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:1-27. [PMID: 37405877 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds are considered potential threats for human and environmental health. Multiple adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) are being developed in different taxa. Combining these AOPs results in a cross-species AOP network for THSD which may provide an evidence-based foundation for extrapolating THSD data across vertebrate species and bridging the gap between human and environmental health. This review aimed to advance the description of the taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) in the network to improve its utility for cross-species extrapolation. We focused on the molecular initiating events (MIEs) and adverse outcomes (AOs) and evaluated both their plausible domain of applicability (taxa they are likely applicable to) and empirical domain of applicability (where evidence for applicability to various taxa exists) in a THSD context. The evaluation showed that all MIEs in the AOP network are applicable to mammals. With some exceptions, there was evidence of structural conservation across vertebrate taxa and especially for fish and amphibians, and to a lesser extent for birds, empirical evidence was found. Current evidence supports the applicability of impaired neurodevelopment, neurosensory development (eg, vision) and reproduction across vertebrate taxa. The results of this tDOA evaluation are summarized in a conceptual AOP network that helps prioritize (parts of) AOPs for a more detailed evaluation. In conclusion, this review advances the tDOA description of an existing THSD AOP network and serves as a catalog summarizing plausible and empirical evidence on which future cross-species AOP development and tDOA assessment could build.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Chia CW, Yeager SM, Egan JM. Endocrinology of Taste with Aging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:295-315. [PMID: 36948781 PMCID: PMC10037529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Taste is one of our five primary senses, and taste impairment has been shown to increase with aging. The ability to taste allows us to enjoy the food we eat and to avoid foods that are potentially spoiled or poisonous. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of taste receptor cells located within taste buds help us decipher how taste works. The discoveries of "classic" endocrine hormones in taste receptor cells point toward taste buds being actual endocrine organs. A better understanding of how taste works may help in reversing taste impairment associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee W Chia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 3001 S. Hanover Street, 5th Floor, Room NM536, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - Shayna M Yeager
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 3001 S. Hanover Street, 5th Floor, Room NM547, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 3001 S. Hanover Street, 5th Floor, Room NM527, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA.
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Doyle ME, Premathilake HU, Yao Q, Mazucanti CH, Egan JM. Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1193-1246. [PMID: 36422992 PMCID: PMC9942923 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a complex multifunctional organ that interacts and senses both interoceptively and exteroceptively. Although it is easily visible to almost all of us, it is relatively understudied and what is in the literature is often contradictory or is not comprehensively reported. The tongue is both a motor and a sensory organ: motor in that it is required for speech and mastication, and sensory in that it receives information to be relayed to the central nervous system pertaining to the safety and quality of the contents of the oral cavity. Additionally, the tongue and its taste apparatus form part of an innate immune surveillance system. For example, loss or alteration in taste perception can be an early indication of infection as became evident during the present global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we particularly emphasize the latest updates in the mechanisms of taste perception, taste bud formation and adult taste bud renewal, and the presence and effects of hormones on taste perception, review the understudied lingual immune system with specific reference to SARS-CoV-2, discuss nascent work on tongue microbiome, as well as address the effect of systemic disease on tongue structure and function, especially in relation to taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máire E Doyle
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hasitha U Premathilake
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qin Yao
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Caio H Mazucanti
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bagalà V, Sala A, Trevisan C, Okoye C, Incalzi RA, Monzani F, Volpato S. Clinical presentation and prognosis of COVID-19 in older adults with hypothyroidism: data from the GeroCovid observational study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02048-w. [PMID: 36967417 PMCID: PMC10040305 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypothyroidism among older patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and its association with mortality is unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in older COVID-19 inpatients and verify if this comorbidity is associated with a specific pattern of onset symptoms and a worse prognosis. METHODS COVID-19 inpatients aged ≥ 60 years, participating in the GeroCovid acute wards cohort, were included. The history of hypothyroidism was derived from medical records and the use of thyroid hormones. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, symptoms/signs at the disease onset and inflammatory markers at ward admission were compared between people with vs without history of hypothyroidism. The association between hypothyroidism and in-hospital mortality was tested through Cox regression. RESULTS Of the 1245 patients included, 8.5% had a history of hypothyroidism. These patients were more likely to present arterial hypertension and obesity compared with those without an history of hypothyroidism. Concerning COVID-19 clinical presentation, patients with hypothyroidism had less frequently low oxygen saturation and anorexia but reported muscle pain and loss of smell more commonly than those without hypothyroidism. Among the inflammatory markers, patients with hypothyroidism had higher lymphocytes values. At Cox regression, hypothyroidism was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality only in the univariable model (HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.96, p = 0.03); conversely, no significant result were observed after adjusting for potential confounders (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.47-1.03, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Hypothyroidism does not seem to substantially influence the prognosis of COVID-19 in older people, although it may be associated with peculiar clinical and biochemical features at the disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bagalà
- Department Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - A Sala
- Department Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Trevisan
- Department Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Okoye
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R A Incalzi
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - F Monzani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Volpato
- Department Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
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Association of anosmia and neutralizing antibody production in adolescents with SARS-CoV-2. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 164:111403. [PMID: 36463663 PMCID: PMC9694343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To monitor olfactory/gustatory dysfunction and its relationship to SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in an adolescent population. METHODS Adolescents with changes in olfactory/gustatory functions were enrolled in a 15-month study. The patients were evaluated with 1) SNOT-22, 2) pediatric smell wheel, and 3) SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. The relationship between these scores and length of anosmia, and the amount of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were assessed. A brain MRI was performed in cases of persistent special sensory symptoms. RESULTS Eighteen patients were identified with smell and/or taste complaints. Most of the patients were female (67%) and median age was 15 years (range 11-17). Twelve patients had prior SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, with only five patients with a positive result. The median SNOT-22 score was 16 (range 0-52) and the median smell wheel score was 6.5 (range 1-11). Patients with taste difficulty were more likely to have a score less than eight. 78% of the patients tested positive for antibodies and there was a strong negative correlation between smell wheel score and antibody level (Spearman, ρ = -0.798, p = 0.002). Five patients underwent MRI scan, and all resulted as normal olfactory bulb structures. 66% received nasal corticosteroids. 11 patients presented in follow up. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents presenting to a pediatric ENT clinic during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were likely to have prolonged (>6 weeks) symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. The majority do not report positive PCR testing result but do report systemic symptoms including anosmia. This suggests that anosmia may be both a late and prolonged symptom of SARS-CoV-2.
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Bloody olfaction? Confounding associations of sex and age on the influence of blood parameters and body weight on odor identification performance in healthy adults. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113907. [PMID: 35817126 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory function and nutrition are closely related and may influence each other via metabolic parameters. However, the relationship between nutritional blood parameters and olfactory performance is still unclear. Inconclusive findings exist for specific blood parameters. In this extensive analysis, we examined the relationship between olfactory performance, measured with MONEX-40, as well as intensity and pleasantness ratings with 38 metabolic blood parameters, age, sex, and the anthropometric measurements body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP). Therefore, we included data of 418 healthy, well-phenotyped Caucasians of the Enable cohort. We replicated age-dependent olfactory identification scores (p < 0.001) and found slight evidence for a body fat dependence measured with BFP (BF10 = 10.466). We further identified a sex difference only in middle-aged adults (p < 0.001) that could be explained by environmental factors. Several blood parameters correlated significantly with the MONEX-40 score (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001). However, these effects diminished after adjusting for sex and age (p > 0.9) that were identified as confounders. The same applies for BFP. In addition, no parameters were identified to correlate significantly with perceived olfactory intensity or pleasantness score if controlled for sex and age (p > 0.08). Our results suggest that metabolic blood parameters are not related to olfactory identification performance in a relevant manner and highlight the importance of controlling for sex and age in chemosensory research.
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Inal M, Asal N, Karahan I, Güngüneş A, Durmaz ŞA. Evaluation of peripheral olfactory pathways in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:4525-4532. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Staníková D, Krajčovičová L, Demková L, Forišek-Paulová P, Slobodová L, Vitariušová E, Tichá L, Ukropcová B, Staník J, Ukropec J. Food preferences and thyroid hormones in children and adolescents with obesity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:962949. [PMID: 35935441 PMCID: PMC9354398 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones profoundly affect energy metabolism but their interrelation with food preference, which might contribute to childhood obesity development, are much less understood. In this study, we investigated if thyroid hormone levels are associated with specific modulation of food preference and potentially linked to the level of obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS Interrelations between food preference and peripheral thyroid activity were examined in a population of 99 non-obese and 101 obese children and adolescents (12.8 ± 3.6 years of age, 111/89 F/M) randomly selected from the patients of the Obesity and Metabolic Disease Out-patient Research Unit at National Institute for Children's Diseases in Bratislava in a period between December 2017 and March 2020. RESULTS Children and adolescents with obesity had a lower preference for food rich in high sucrose and high-complex carbohydrates, while the preference for protein and fat-containing food and that for dietary fibers did not differ between obese and nonobese. In adolescents with obesity, free thyroxine (FT4) correlated positively with the preference for a high protein and high fat-rich diet, irrespective of the fatty acid unsaturation level. Moreover, FT4 correlated negatively with the preference for dietary fibers, which has been also exclusively found in obese adolescents. Individuals with obesity with higher FT4 levels had higher systemic levels of AST and ALT than the population with lower FT4. Multiple regression analysis with age, sex, BMI-SDS, and FT4 as covariates revealed that FT4 and male gender are the major predictors of variability in the preference for a diet high in protein, fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids. FT4 was the sole predictor of the preference for a diet containing saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as for a diet low in fiber. CONCLUSION The link between free thyroxin levels and dietary preference for food rich in fat and protein is present exclusively in individuals with obesity. Higher serum FT4 was linked with elevated AST and ALT in children and adolescents with obesity, and FT4 was the best predictor for preference for food rich in fat and low in fiber. This may indicate that FT4 could contribute to the development of childhood obesity and its complications by modulating food preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Staníková
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, National Institute for Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lea Krajčovičová
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, National Institute for Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Linda Demková
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, National Institute for Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petronela Forišek-Paulová
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slobodová
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Vitariušová
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, National Institute for Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Tichá
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, National Institute for Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Staník
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, National Institute for Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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Possible Role of Endocannabinoids in Olfactory and Taste Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients and Volumetric Changes in the Brain. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2022; 15:135-144. [PMID: 36247977 PMCID: PMC9554384 DOI: 10.1007/s12078-022-09301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 infection develops neurologic symptoms such as smell and taste loss. We aimed to determine the volumetric changes in the brain and correlation of possible related biochemical parameters and endocannabinoid levels after COVID-19 recovery. Methods Brain magnetic resonance images of recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers, whose olfactory and gustatory scores were obtained through a questionnaire, were taken, and the volumes of the brain regions associated with taste and smell were measured by automatic and semiautomatic methods. Endocannabinoids (EC), which are critical in the olfactory system, and vitamin B12, zinc, iron, ferritin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (T4) levels, which are reported to have possible roles in olfactory disorders, were measured in peripheral blood. Results Taste and smell disorder scores and EC levels were found to be higher in recovered COVID-19 patients compared to controls. EC levels were negatively correlated with bilateral entorhinal cortex (ENT) volumes in the COVID-19 group. Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex volumes showed correlations with gustatory complaints and ferritin in recovered COVID-19 patients. Conclusions The critical finding of our study is the high EC levels and negative correlation between EC levels and left ENT volumes in recovered COVID-19 patients. Implications It is possible that ECs are potential neuromodulators in many conditions leading to olfactory disorders, including COVID-19.
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Thomas DC, Chablani D, Parekh S, Pichammal RC, Shanmugasundaram K, Pitchumani PK. Dysgeusia: A review in the context of COVID-19. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 153:251-264. [PMID: 34799014 PMCID: PMC8595926 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Taste disorders in general, and dysgeusia in particular, are relatively common disorders that may be a sign of a more complex acute or chronic medical condition. During the COVID-19 pandemic, taste disorders have found their way into the realm of general as well as specialty dentistry, with significance in screening for patients who potentially may have the virus. Types of Studies Reviewed The authors searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for studies focused on dysgeusia, ageusia, and other taste disorders and their relationship to local and systemic causes. Results The authors found pertinent literature explaining the normal physiology of taste sensation, proposals for suggested new tastes, presence of gustatory receptors in remote tissues of the body, and etiology and pathophysiology of taste disorders, in addition to the valuable knowledge gained about gustatory disorders in the context of COVID-19. Along with olfactory disorders, taste disorders are one of the earliest suggestive symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Gustatory disorders are the result of local or systemic etiology or both. Newer taste sensations, such as calcium and fat tastes, have been discovered, as well as taste receptors that are remote from the oropharyngeal area. Literature published during the COVID-19 pandemic to date reinforces the significance of early detection of potential patients with COVID-19 by means of screening for recent-onset taste disorders. Practical Implications Timely screening and identification of potential gustatory disorders are paramount for the dental care practitioner to aid in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 and other serious systemic disorders.
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Stanić Ž, Pribisalić A, Bošković M, Bućan Cvitanić J, Boban K, Bašković G, Bartulić A, Demo S, Polašek O, Kolčić I. Does Each Menstrual Cycle Elicit a Distinct Effect on Olfactory and Gustatory Perception? Nutrients 2021; 13:2509. [PMID: 34444669 PMCID: PMC8401541 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity pandemic has brought forth a scientific interest in food intake and sensory perception interactions. Olfactory perception and gustatory perception are very complex and under the influence of many factors, including the menstrual cycle. This study aims to clarify conflicting findings on the influence of the menstrual cycle on olfactory and gustatory perception. Women were assessed during four consecutive phases of one complete cycle (mid-follicular, ovulatory, mid-luteal, and late luteal phases (N = 21)), in contrast to women measured across the same phases belonging to two menstrual cycles (N = 29). Additional control groups were men (N = 17), postmenopausal women (N = 14), oral contraceptive users (N = 10), and women with an anovulatory cycle (N = 8). Olfactory threshold, odor discrimination, and identification were tested using the "Sniffin Sticks" test kit. Suprathreshold intensity and hedonic ratings for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions were assessed. One-way ANOVA and ANOVA for repeated measurements was applied in the analysis, along with linear and trigonometric data fitting and linear mixed models. Linear increases in olfactory discrimination, identification, and overall olfactory performance were observed only in women followed across a complete menstrual cycle. Compared to other groups, these women displayed a cyclic pattern characterized by a predilection for sweet solution; reduced distaste for salty and sour solutions; and increased intensity perception of salty, sour, and bitter solutions towards the end of the cycle. These results suggest that a distinct hormonal milieu of a complete menstrual cycle may be affecting both olfactory and gustatory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žana Stanić
- Department of Integrative Gynecology, Obstetrics and Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, General Hospital Zabok and Hospital of Croatian Veterans, Bračak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia;
| | - Ajka Pribisalić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Maria Bošković
- Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Jasna Bućan Cvitanić
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care, General Hospital Koprivnica, Zeljka Salingera 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Boban
- Primary Health Centre Zagreb West, Trsje 19b, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Gabriela Bašković
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital Bjelovar, Ul. Antuna Mihanovića 8, 43000 Bjelovar, Croatia;
| | - Antonija Bartulić
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Suzana Demo
- Primary Health Center of Split-Dalmatia County, Kavanjinova 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
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Does the radioactive iodine dose affect smell, taste sensation and nose function? The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2021; 135:50-56. [PMID: 33478598 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect whether the adverse effects of post-operative radioactive iodine therapy following differentiated thyroid cancer on smell, taste and nasal functions were associated with radioactive iodine dose. METHODS Fifty-one patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy because of differentiated thyroid cancer were divided into two groups depending on the post-operative radioactive iodine therapy dose: low dose group (50 mCi; 21 patients) and high dose group (100-150 mCi; 30 patients). The Sniffin' Sticks smell test, the Taste Strips test and the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test were performed on all patients one week before therapy, and at two months and one year following therapy. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were detected in the Sniffin' Sticks test results, total odour scores, total taste scores and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test results between the assessment time points. There was no statistically significant difference between the low and high dose groups in terms of odour, taste or Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores either before or after therapy. CONCLUSION Radioactive iodine therapy has some short- and long-term adverse effects on nasal functions and taste and odour sensations, which affect quality of life. These effects are not dose-dependent.
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Chen SI, Chiang CL, Chao CT, Chiang CK, Huang JW. Gustatory Dysfunction Is Closely Associated With Frailty in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2020; 31:49-56. [PMID: 32773236 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gustatory function is frequently impaired in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the associated taste dysfunction contributes to compromised nutrition. Whether gustatory dysfunction is an underappreciated risk factor for frailty in patients with CKD remains unclear. The objective of this work was to examine the role of gustatory dysfunction as a risk factor for frailty in patients with CKD. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients with stage 3 or higher CKD from a single institute, with their gustatory function assessed using both objective (taste strip method) and subjective approaches, and frailty identified using the Edmonton frail scale, FRAIL scale, and Study of Osteoporotic Fracture (SOF) scale. Multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate whether results from gustatory function tests independently correlated with frailty. RESULTS Among the enrolled patients with CKD, 14 (17.9%) were found to be frail. We discovered that higher taste strip scores, or better taste function, were significantly associated with a lower frail probability (odds ratio [OR] 0.74 per score, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.97), independent of clinical features, while better subjective taste function (OR 0.84 per score, 95% CI 0.74-0.96) and better oral cavity intactness (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.9-0.98) were similarly associated with a lower frail probability among patients with CKD. CONCLUSION Gustatory dysfunction may be an important risk factor for frailty in patients with CKD. It is tempting to presume that interventions aiming to ameliorate such deficits may bear the potential of reducing frailty severity in this population with a high frailty burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-I Chen
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Geriatric and Community Medicine Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ling Chiang
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Geriatric and Community Medicine Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Integrative Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin branch, Yunlin county, Taiwan
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Taste disorder's management: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:1889-1908. [PMID: 32385655 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taste disorder is a frequent drug-induced or disease-related oral trouble. Various pharmacological, surgical, or physical treatments have previously been proposed for taste function recovery. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the effects of palliative and curative interventions on taste recovery in light of recent literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search of the literature published up to June 2019 was conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and The US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (PROSPERO registration reference: CRD 42019139315). The methodological quality of the included trials was rated with the "Delphi list For Quality Assessment of Randomized Clinical Trials" and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS From the 1842 titles first identified, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included zinc (aspartate, sulfate, gluconate, acetate, picolinate, and Polaprezinc®), esomeprazole, L-thyroxin, bethanechol, oral glutamine, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, alpha-lipoic acid, Ginkgo biloba, artificial saliva, pilocarpine, local anesthesia, and improved oral hygiene. The quality of evidence ranged from poor to high. CONCLUSION Improving oral hygiene may promote taste ability. Zinc may prevent and alleviate taste disorder in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The systematic review provided evidence about the clinical efficacy of oral procedures, zinc supplementation, and palliative cares in dysgeusic patients. Further research is needed to find effective treatments with low adverse effects.
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Rosenkranz D, Bünger J, Hoffmeyer F, Monsé C, van Kampen V, Raulf M, Brüning T, Sucker K. How Healthy Is Healthy? Comparison Between Self-Reported Symptoms and Clinical Outcomes in Connection with the Enrollment of Volunteers for Human Exposure Studies on Sensory Irritation Effects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1271:49-59. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Elrahman AA, Said NS, Moustafa A. Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ejim.ejim_64_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kershaw JC, Mattes RD. Nutrition and taste and smell dysfunction. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 4:3-10. [PMID: 30035256 PMCID: PMC6051307 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Food selection plays a pivotal role in maintaining adequate nutrient intake, thus elucidating drivers of food choice is a meaningful strategy to maintain health and manage disease. Taste and smell are key determinants of food choice and warrant careful consideration. In this review, we first discuss how sensory stimulation influences food selection and metabolism. We then review the evidence regarding the relationship between taste and smell dysfunction and food preferences and selection, with attention given to contexts of certain chronic diseases. We conclude with brief recommendations for the management of chemosensory disorders. While sensory abilities influence food selection, the effect of taste and smell dysfunction on long-term consumption patterns and health status must be considered in light of environment, exposure, and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Kershaw
- Department of Nutrition Science, 700 W State St, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Food Science, 745 Agriculture Mall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, 700 W State St, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Food Science, 745 Agriculture Mall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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24
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Salihoglu M, Kurt O, Ay SA, Baskoy K, Altundag A, Saglam M, Deniz F, Tekeli H, Yonem A, Hummel T. Retro- and orthonasal olfactory function in relation to olfactory bulb volume in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 84:630-637. [PMID: 28870428 PMCID: PMC9452275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with an olfactory deficit is defined as Kallmann syndrome and is distinct from normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Objective Because olfactory perception not only consists of orthonasally gained impressions but also involves retronasal olfactory function, in this study we decided to comprehensively evaluate both retronasal and orthonasal olfaction in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Methods This case-control study included 31 controls and 45 idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients. All participants whose olfactory and taste functions were evaluated with orthonasal olfaction (discrimination, identification and threshold), retronasal olfaction, taste function and olfactory bulb volume measurement. The patients were separated into three groups according to orthonasal olfaction: anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hyposmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Results Discrimination, identification and threshold scores of patients with Kallmann syndrome were significantly lower than controls. Threshold scores of patients with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. were significantly lower than those of controls, but discrimination and identification scores were not significantly different. Retronasal olfaction was reduced only in the anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group compared to controls. Identification of bitter, sweet, sour, and salty tastes was not significantly different when compared between the anosmic, hyposmic, and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism groups and controls. Olfactory bulb volume was lower bilaterally in all patient groups when compared with controls. The olfactory bulb volume of both sides was found to be significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination and identification scores in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients. Conclusion 1) There were no significant differences in gustatory function between controls and idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients; 2) retronasal olfaction was reduced only in anosmic patients but not in orthonasally hyposmic participants, possibly indicating presence of effective compensatory mechanisms; 3) olfactory bulb volumes were highly correlated with olfaction scores in the hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group. The current results indicate a continuum from anosmia to normosmia in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Salihoglu
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onuralp Kurt
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyid Ahmet Ay
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Baskoy
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Istanbul Surgical Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Saglam
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Deniz
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tekeli
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Yonem
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thomas Hummel
- University of Dresden Medical School, Smell & Taste Interdisciplina Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
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Raymaekers SR, Darras VM. Thyroid hormones and learning-associated neuroplasticity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:26-33. [PMID: 28390960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial for brain development and maturation in all vertebrates. Especially during pre- and perinatal development, disruption of TH signaling leads to a multitude of neurological deficits. Many animal models provided insight in the role of THs in brain development, but specific data on how they affect the brain's ability to learn and adapt depending on environmental stimuli are rather limited. In this review, we focus on a number of learning processes like spatial learning, fear conditioning, vocal learning and imprinting behavior and on how abnormal TH signaling during development shapes subsequent performance. It is clear from multiple studies that TH deprivation leads to defects in learning on all fronts, and interestingly, changes in local expression of the TH activator deiodinase type 2 seem to have an important role. Taking into account that THs are regulated in a very space-specific manner, there is thus increasing pressure to investigate more local TH regulators as potential factors involved in neuroplasticity. As these learning processes are also important for proper adult human functioning, further elucidating the role of THs in developmental neuroplasticity in various animal models is an important field for advancing both fundamental and applied knowledge on human brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander R Raymaekers
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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