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Faraci FM, Scheer FA. Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure. Circ Res 2024; 134:810-832. [PMID: 38484034 PMCID: PMC10947115 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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2
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Kim B, Zhao W, Tang SY, Levin MG, Ibrahim A, Yang Y, Roberts E, Lai L, Li J, Assoian RK, FitzGerald GA, Arany Z. Endothelial lipid droplets suppress eNOS to link high fat consumption to blood pressure elevation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e173160. [PMID: 37824206 PMCID: PMC10721151 DOI: 10.1172/jci173160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, today affecting more than 20% of the US population, is a group of 5 conditions that often coexist and that strongly predispose to cardiovascular disease. How these conditions are linked mechanistically remains unclear, especially two of these: obesity and elevated blood pressure. Here, we show that high fat consumption in mice leads to the accumulation of lipid droplets in endothelial cells throughout the organism and that lipid droplet accumulation in endothelium suppresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), reduces NO production, elevates blood pressure, and accelerates atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the accumulation of lipid droplets destabilizes eNOS mRNA and activates an endothelial inflammatory signaling cascade that suppresses eNOS and NO production. Pharmacological prevention of lipid droplet formation reverses the suppression of NO production in cell culture and in vivo and blunts blood pressure elevation in response to a high-fat diet. These results highlight lipid droplets as a critical and unappreciated component of endothelial cell biology, explain how lipids increase blood pressure acutely, and provide a mechanistic account for the epidemiological link between obesity and elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boa Kim
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, and Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Wencao Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Soon Y. Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Michael G. Levin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Ayon Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Emilia Roberts
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Lai
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Richard K. Assoian
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
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Sutovska H, Molcan L, Majzunova M, Sykora M, Kopkan L, Zeman M. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade protects the kidneys but does not affect inverted blood pressure rhythm in hypertensive transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 572:111967. [PMID: 37210027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone regulates blood pressure (BP) through water and sodium balance. In our study, we studied if continuous treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone (30 mg/kg/day) for 20 days can: 1) attenuate hypertension development and restore inverted 24-h BP rhythm in hypertensive transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats (TGR) measured by telemetry; 2) improve function of the kidneys and heart; 3) be protective against high salt load (1% in water) by mitigating oxidative injury and improving kidney function. Spironolactone decreased albuminuria and 8-isoprostane in normal and salt load conditions in BP-independent effects. Salt load increased BP, impaired autonomic balance, suppressed plasma aldosterone level and increased natriuresis, albuminuria and oxidative injury in TGR. Spironolactone did not restore the inverted 24-h rhythm of BP in TGR, therefore, mineralocorticoids are not crucial in regulation of BP daily profile. Spironolactone improved kidney function, decreased oxidative stress and was protective against high salt load in the BP-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sutovska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Miroslava Majzunova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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4
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Power G, Padilla J. (Re)modeling high-salt diet-induced hypertension in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H470-H472. [PMID: 36827228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00093.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Power
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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5
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Katayama IA, Huang Y, Garza AE, Brooks DL, Williams JS, Nascimento MM, Heimann JC, Pojoga LH. Longitudinal changes in blood pressure are preceded by changes in albuminuria and accelerated by increasing dietary sodium intake. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112114. [PMID: 36738979 PMCID: PMC10965150 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sodium is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease; however, direct evidence of the longitudinal changes that occur with aging, and the influence of dietary sodium on the age-associated alterations are scarce. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were maintained for 13 months on a low (LS, 0.02 % Na+), normal (NS, 0.3 % Na+) or high (HS, 1.6 % Na+) salt diet. We assessed 1) the longitudinal trajectories for two markers of cardiovascular and renal dysfunction (blood pressure (BP) and albuminuria), as well as hormonal changes, and 2) end-of-study cardiac and renal parameters. RESULTS The effect of aging on BP and kidney damage did not reach significance levels in the LS group; however, relative to baseline, there were significant increases in these parameters for animals maintained on NS and HS diets, starting as early as month 7 and month 5, respectively. Furthermore, changes in albuminuria preceded the changes in BP relative to baseline, irrespective of the diet. Circulating aldosterone and plasma renin activity displayed the expected decreasing trends with age and dietary sodium loading. As compared to LS - higher dietary sodium consumption associated with increasing trends in left ventricular mass and volume indices, consistent with an eccentric dilated phenotype. Functional and molecular markers of kidney dysfunction displayed similar trends with increasing long-term sodium levels: higher renovascular resistance, increased glomerular volumes, as well as higher levels of renal angiotensin II type 1 and mineralocorticoid receptors, and lower renal Klotho levels. CONCLUSION Our study provides a timeline for the development of cardiorenal dysfunction with aging, and documents that increasing dietary salt accelerates the age-induced phenotypes. In addition, we propose albuminuria as a prognostic biomarker for the future development of hypertension. Last, we identified functional and molecular markers of renal dysfunction that associate with long-term dietary salt loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Akemi Katayama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuefei Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda E Garza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle L Brooks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariana M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joel C Heimann
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luminita H Pojoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chu PL, Gigliotti JC, Cechova S, Bodonyi-Kovacs G, Wang YT, Chen L, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Cai J, Isakson BE, Franceschini N, Le TH. Collectrin ( Tmem27) deficiency in proximal tubules causes hypertension in mice and a TMEM27 variant associates with blood pressure in males in a Latino cohort. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F30-F42. [PMID: 36264884 PMCID: PMC9762972 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00176.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectrin (Tmem27), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 homologue, is a chaperone of amino acid transporters in the kidney and endothelium. Global collectrin knockout (KO) mice have hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, exaggerated salt sensitivity, and diminished renal blood flow. This phenotype is associated with altered nitric oxide and superoxide balance and increased proximal tubule (PT) Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) expression. Collectrin is located on the X chromosome where genome-wide association population studies have largely been excluded. In the present study, we generated PT-specific collectrin KO (PT KO) mice to determine the precise contribution of PT collectrin in blood pressure homeostasis. We also examined the association of human TMEM27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with blood pressure traits in 11,926 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Hispanic/Latino participants. PT KO mice exhibited hypertension, and this was associated with increased baseline NHE3 expression and diminished lithium excretion. However, PT KO mice did not display exaggerated salt sensitivity or a reduction in renal blood flow compared with control mice. Furthermore, PT KO mice exhibited enhanced endothelium-mediated dilation, suggesting a compensatory response to systemic hypertension induced by deficiency of collectrin in the PT. In HCHS/SOL participants, we observed sex-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism associations with diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, loss of collectrin in the PT is sufficient to induce hypertension, at least in part, through activation of NHE3. Importantly, our model supports the notion that altered renal blood flow may be a determining factor for salt sensitivity. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of the TMEM27 locus on blood pressure and salt sensitivity in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The findings of our study are significant in several ways: 1) loss of an amino acid chaperone in the proximal tubule is sufficient to cause hypertension, 2) the results in global and proximal tubule-specific collectrin knockout mice support the notion that vascular dysfunction is required for salt sensitivity or that impaired renal tubule function causes hypertension but is not sufficient to cause salt sensitivity, and 3) our study is the first to implicate a role of collectrin in human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Joseph C Gigliotti
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, Virginia
| | - Sylvia Cechova
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gabor Bodonyi-Kovacs
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yves T Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Luojing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Wu J, Fang S, Lu KT, Wackman K, Schwartzman ML, Dikalov SI, Grobe JL, Sigmund CD. EP3 (E-Prostanoid 3) Receptor Mediates Impaired Vasodilation in a Mouse Model of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 77:1399-1411. [PMID: 33641369 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Shi Fang
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.).,Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa (S.F.)
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Kelsey Wackman
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla (M.L.S.)
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (S.D.)
| | - Justin L Grobe
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
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The Role of the Renal Dopaminergic System and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020139. [PMID: 33535566 PMCID: PMC7912729 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is critical in the long-term regulation of blood pressure. Oxidative stress is one of the many factors that is accountable for the development of hypertension. The five dopamine receptor subtypes (D1R–D5R) have important roles in the regulation of blood pressure through several mechanisms, such as inhibition of oxidative stress. Dopamine receptors, including those expressed in the kidney, reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression or action of receptors that increase oxidative stress. In addition, dopamine receptors stimulate the expression or action of receptors that decrease oxidative stress. This article examines the importance and relationship between the renal dopaminergic system and oxidative stress in the regulation of renal sodium handling and blood pressure. It discusses the current information on renal dopamine receptor-mediated antioxidative network, which includes the production of reactive oxygen species and abnormalities of renal dopamine receptors. Recognizing the mechanisms by which renal dopamine receptors regulate oxidative stress and their degree of influence on the pathogenesis of hypertension would further advance the understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension.
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Abstract
The inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 has been widely used as a background strain for spontaneous and induced mutations. Developed in the 1930s, the C57BL/6 strain
diverged into two major groups in the 1950s, namely, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N, and more than 20 substrains have been established from them worldwide. We previously
reported genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains in 2009 and 2015. Since then, dozens of reports have been published on phenotypic differences in
behavioral, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic traits. Substrains need to be chosen according to the purpose of the study because phenotypic
differences might affect the experimental results. In this paper, we review recent reports of phenotypic and genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains, focus
our attention on the proper use of C57BL/6 and other inbred strains in the era of genome editing, and provide the life science research community wider
knowledge about this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Mekada
- Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.,Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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10
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Ivy JR, Bailey MA. Nondipping Blood Pressure: Predictive or Reactive Failure of Renal Sodium Handling? Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:21-34. [PMID: 33325814 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure follows a daily rhythm, dipping during nocturnal sleep in humans. Attenuation of this dip (nondipping) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Renal control of sodium homeostasis is essential for long-term blood pressure control. Sodium reabsorption and excretion have rhythms that rely on predictive/circadian as well as reactive adaptations. We explore how these rhythms might contribute to blood pressure rhythm in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Ralph AF, Grenier C, Costello HM, Stewart K, Ivy JR, Dhaun N, Bailey MA. Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System Promotes Blood Pressure Salt-Sensitivity in C57BL6/J Mice. Hypertension 2020; 77:158-168. [PMID: 33190558 PMCID: PMC7720873 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Global salt intake averages >8 g/person per day, over twice the limit advocated by the American Heart Association. Dietary salt excess leads to hypertension, and this partly mediates its poor health outcomes. In ≈30% of people, the hypertensive response to salt is exaggerated. This salt-sensitivity increases cardiovascular risk. Mechanistic cardiovascular research relies heavily on rodent models and the C57BL6/J mouse is the most widely used reference strain. We examined the effects of high salt intake on blood pressure, renal, and vascular function in the most commonly used and commercially available C57BL6/J mouse strain. Changing from control (0.3% Na+) to high salt (3% Na+) diet increased systolic blood pressure in male mice by ≈10 mm Hg within 4 days of dietary switch. This hypertensive response was maintained over the 3-week study period. Returning to control diet gradually reduced blood pressure back to baseline. High-salt diet caused a rapid and sustained downregulation in mRNA encoding renal NHE3 (sodium-hydrogen-exchanger 3) and EnaC (epithelial sodium channel), although we did not observe a suppression in aldosterone until ≈7 days. During the development of salt-sensitivity, the acute pressure natriuresis relationship was augmented and neutral sodium balance was maintained throughout. High-salt diet increased ex vivo sensitivity of the renal artery to phenylephrine and increased urinary excretion of adrenaline, but not noradrenaline. The acute blood pressure-depressor effect of hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocker, was enhanced by high salt. Salt-sensitivity in commercially sourced C57BL6/J mice is attributable to sympathetic overactivity, increased adrenaline, and enhanced vascular sensitivity to alpha-adrenoreceptor activation and not sodium retention or attenuation of the acute pressure natriuresis response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa F Ralph
- From the University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Grenier
- From the University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M Costello
- From the University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Stewart
- From the University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- From the University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- From the University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- From the University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Fan A, Oladiran O, Shi XQ, Zhang J. High-salt diet decreases mechanical thresholds in mice that is mediated by a CCR2-dependent mechanism. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:179. [PMID: 32517772 PMCID: PMC7282096 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though it is well-known that a high-salt diet (HSD) is associated with many chronic diseases, the effects of long-term high-salt intake on physiological functions and homeostasis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated whether and how an HSD affects mouse nociceptive thresholds, and myeloid cell trafficking and activation. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 male and female mice were fed an HSD (containing 4% NaCl in chow and 1% NaCl in water) from the time of weaning for 3 to 4 months. Circulating monocytes, nerve macrophages, spinal microglia, and associated inflammatory responses were scrutinized using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approaches. Mouse pain sensitivity to mechanical stimuli was monitored with von Frey tests along the experimental duration. Results Mice on an HSD have reduced mechanical thresholds. They feel more pain than those on a normal diet (ND), e.g., regular laboratory chow (0.3% NaCl in chow). An HSD induced not only a remarkable expansion of circulating monocytes, CCR2+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes in particular, but also an accumulation of CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages in the peripheral nerves and an activation of Iba-1+ spinal microglia. Replacing an HSD with a ND was unable to reverse the HSD-induced mechanical hypersensitivity or rescue the altered immune responses. However, treating HSD-fed mice with a chemokine receptor CCR2 antagonist effectively normalized the pain thresholds and immune cell profile in the periphery and spinal cord. An HSD failed to alter pain thresholds and myeloid cell activation in CCR2-deficient mice. Spinal microglial activation is required for HSD-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in male, but not in female mice. Conclusion Overall, this study provides evidence that an HSD has a long-term impact on physiological function. CCR2-mediated cellular response, including myeloid cell trafficking and associated inflammation, plays pivotal roles in salt-dietary modulation of pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Fan
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Oladayo Oladiran
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Xiang Qun Shi
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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13
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Boyd-Shiwarski CR, Weaver CJ, Beacham RT, Shiwarski DJ, Connolly KA, Nkashama LJ, Mutchler SM, Griffiths SE, Knoell SA, Sebastiani RS, Ray EC, Marciszyn AL, Subramanya AR. Effects of extreme potassium stress on blood pressure and renal tubular sodium transport. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1341-F1356. [PMID: 32281415 PMCID: PMC7311711 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00527.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized mouse blood pressure and ion transport in the setting of commonly used rodent diets that drive K+ intake to the extremes of deficiency and excess. Male 129S2/Sv mice were fed either K+-deficient, control, high-K+ basic, or high-KCl diets for 10 days. Mice maintained on a K+-deficient diet exhibited no change in blood pressure, whereas K+-loaded mice developed an ~10-mmHg blood pressure increase. Following challenge with NaCl, K+-deficient mice developed a salt-sensitive 8 mmHg increase in blood pressure, whereas blood pressure was unchanged in mice fed high-K+ diets. Notably, 10 days of K+ depletion induced diabetes insipidus and upregulation of phosphorylated NaCl cotransporter, proximal Na+ transporters, and pendrin, likely contributing to the K+-deficient NaCl sensitivity. While the anionic content with high-K+ diets had distinct effects on transporter expression along the nephron, both K+ basic and KCl diets had a similar increase in blood pressure. The blood pressure elevation on high-K+ diets correlated with increased Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and γ-epithelial Na+ channel expression and increased urinary response to furosemide and amiloride. We conclude that the dietary K+ maneuvers used here did not recapitulate the inverse effects of K+ on blood pressure observed in human epidemiological studies. This may be due to the extreme degree of K+ stress, the low-Na+-to-K+ ratio, the duration of treatment, and the development of other coinciding events, such as diabetes insipidus. These factors must be taken into consideration when studying the physiological effects of dietary K+ loading and depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R. Boyd-Shiwarski
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claire J. Weaver
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca T. Beacham
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J. Shiwarski
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A. Connolly
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lubika J. Nkashama
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M. Mutchler
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn E. Griffiths
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sophia A. Knoell
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Romano S. Sebastiani
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan C. Ray
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison L. Marciszyn
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arohan R. Subramanya
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,3Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,4Veterans Administration, Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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14
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Williams JL, Paudyal A, Awad S, Nicholson J, Grzesik D, Botta J, Meimaridou E, Maharaj AV, Stewart M, Tinker A, Cox RD, Metherell LA. Mylk3 null C57BL/6N mice develop cardiomyopathy, whereas Nnt null C57BL/6J mice do not. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/4/e201900593. [PMID: 32213617 PMCID: PMC7103425 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice have well-documented phenotypic and genotypic differences, including the infamous nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) null mutation in the C57BL/6J substrain, which has been linked to cardiovascular traits in mice and cardiomyopathy in humans. To assess whether Nnt loss alone causes a cardiovascular phenotype, we investigated the C57BL/6N, C57BL/6J mice and a C57BL/6J-BAC transgenic rescuing NNT expression, at 3, 12, and 18 mo. We identified a modest dilated cardiomyopathy in the C57BL/6N mice, absent in the two B6J substrains. Immunofluorescent staining of cardiomyocytes revealed eccentric hypertrophy in these mice, with defects in sarcomere organisation. RNAseq analysis identified differential expression of a number of cardiac remodelling genes commonly associated with cardiac disease segregating with the phenotype. Variant calling from RNAseq data identified a myosin light chain kinase 3 (Mylk3) mutation in C57BL/6N mice, which abolishes MYLK3 protein expression. These results indicate the C57BL/6J Nnt-null mice do not develop cardiomyopathy; however, we identified a null mutation in Mylk3 as a credible cause of the cardiomyopathy phenotype in the C57BL/6N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anju Paudyal
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sherine Awad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Nicholson
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominika Grzesik
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Botta
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eirini Meimaridou
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Avinaash V Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Roger D Cox
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lou A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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15
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Cuevas S, Asico LD, Jose PA, Konkalmatt P. Renal Hydrogen Peroxide Production Prevents Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013818. [PMID: 31902320 PMCID: PMC6988155 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The regulation of sodium excretion is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and salt sensitivity is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality. C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice have different blood pressure sensitivities to salt intake. High salt intake increases blood pressure in some C57Bl/6J mouse strains but not in any BALB/c mouse strain. Methods and Results We determined the cause of the difference in salt sensitivity between C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice. Basal levels of superoxide and H2O2 were higher in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) from BALB/c than C57Bl/6J mice. High salt diet increased H2O2 production in kidneys from BALB/c but C57Bl/6J mice. High sodium concentration (170 mmol/L) in the incubation medium increased H2O2 levels in BALB/c-RPTCs but not in C57Bl/6J-RPTCs. H2O2 (10 μmol/L) treatment decreased sodium transport in RPTCs from BALB/c but not C57Bl/6J mice. Overexpression of catalase in the mouse kidney predisposed BALB/c mice to salt-sensitive hypertension. Conclusions Our data show that the level of salt-induced H2O2 production negatively regulates RPTC sodium transport and determines the state of salt sensitivity in 2 strains of mice. High concentrations of antioxidants could prevent H2O2 production in renal proximal tubules, which would result in sodium retention and increased blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Division of Renal Diseases & HypertensionDepartment of MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDC
| | - Laureano D. Asico
- Division of Renal Diseases & HypertensionDepartment of MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDC
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & HypertensionDepartment of MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDC
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases & HypertensionDepartment of MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDC
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16
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Garbern JC, Williams J, Kristl AC, Malick A, Rachmin I, Gaeta B, Ahmed N, Vujic A, Libby P, Lee RT. Dysregulation of IL-33/ST2 signaling and myocardial periarteriolar fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:179-186. [PMID: 30763587 PMCID: PMC6402609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction in the heart and its association with periarteriolar fibrosis may contribute to the diastolic dysfunction seen in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) prevents global myocardial fibrosis in a pressure overloaded left ventricle by acting via its receptor, ST2 (encoded by the gene, Il1rl1); however, whether this cytokine can also modulate periarteriolar fibrosis remains unclear. We utilized two approaches to explore the role of IL-33/ST2 in periarteriolar fibrosis. First, we studied young and old wild type mice to test the hypothesis that IL-33 and ST2 expression change with age. Second, we produced pressure overload in mice deficient in IL-33 or ST2 by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). With age, IL-33 expression increased and ST2 expression decreased. These alterations accompanied increased periarteriolar fibrosis in aged mice. Mice deficient in ST2 but not IL-33 had a significant increase in periarteriolar fibrosis following TAC compared to wild type mice. Thus, loss of ST2 signaling rather than changes in IL-33 expression may contribute to periarteriolar fibrosis during aging or pressure overload, but manipulating this pathway alone may not prevent or reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Jason Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Amy C Kristl
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Alyyah Malick
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Inbal Rachmin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Gaeta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Nafis Ahmed
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Ana Vujic
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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17
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Elmarakby A, Faulkner J, Pati P, Rudic RD, Bergson C. Increased arterial pressure in mice with overexpression of the ADHD candidate gene calcyon in forebrain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211903. [PMID: 30753204 PMCID: PMC6372185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral function is well established. However, it is not clear whether a common mechanism could underlie the relationship between elevated BP and cognitive deficits. The expression of calcyon, a gene abundant in catecholaminergic and hypothalamic nuclei along with other forebrain regions, is increased in the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) which is a widely accepted animal model of essential hypertension and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies demonstrated that mice with up-regulation of calcyon in forebrain (CalOE) exhibit deficits in working memory. To date, there is no evidence directly connecting calcyon to BP regulation. Here, we investigated whether forebrain up-regulation of calcyon alters BP using radiotelemetry. We found that CalOE mice exhibited higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to tTA controls. Plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in CalOE mice compared to tTA controls. Silencing the transgene with doxycycline normalized BP in CalOE mice, whereas challenging the mice with 4% high salt diet for 12 days exacerbated the MAP differences between CalOE and tTA mice. High salt diet challenge also increased proteinuria and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in tTA and CalOE; and the increases were more prominent in CalOE mice. Taken together, our data suggest that upregulation of calcyon in forebrain could increase BP via alterations in noradrenergic transmission and increased oxidative stress during high salt challenge. Overall, this study reveals that calcyon could be a novel neural regulator of BP raising the possibility that it could play a role in the development of vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Faulkner
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - R. Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Clare Bergson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
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18
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Skibitskiy VV, Kiselev AA, Fendrikova AV. Effectiveness of Chrono-Pharmacotherapy Depending on the Salt Sensitivity of Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6-846-851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the effect of two regimens of combined antihypertensive therapy during the day on daily monitoring of arterial pressure, central aortic pressure, and arterial stiffness, depending on the salt sensitivity of hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Material and methods. 130 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included into the study. They were divided into 2 subgroups: salt-sensitive (group 1) and salt-resistant (group 2), and then randomized to subgroups A and B of ongoing therapy: in the morning ramipril and indapamide retard, bedtime – amlodipine (subgroup 1A and 2A); or in the morning amlodipine and indapamide retard, bedtime – ramipril (subgroup 1B and 2B). Initially and after 24 weeks of antihypertensive therapy, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring was performed, the indices of central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness were determined. Results. After 24 weeks, in all subgroups, there was a significant positive dynamics of the parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness indices. In the subgroup 1В, it was registered a significant improvement in the majority of parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (decrease in 24-hours systolic BP by 24.4%, 24-hours diastolic BP by 22.1%; p<0.05), central aortic pressure (decrease in aortal systolic BP by 15.9%, aortal diastolic BP by 20.8%; p<0.05) and vascular wall stiffness parameters (decrease in pulse wave velocity by 13.8%; p<0.05) in comparison with group 1A (decrease in 24-hours systolic BP by 17.5%, 24-hours diastolic BP by 14.6%, aortal systolic BP by 12.7%, aortal diastolic BP by 9.7%, pulse wave velocity by 9.2%; p<0.05 in comparison with the group 1B). In the case of salt-resistant patients, there were comparable positive changes in the parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness indices against the background of both dosing regimens during the day. Conclusion. In the study, it was demonstrated the more pronounced antihypertensive and vasoprotective efficacy of the combination of thiazide-like diuretic with calcium channel blocker in the morning and ACE inhibitor in bedtime compared to the alternative regimen of prescribed pharmacotherapy in salt-sensitive patients, and comparable efficacy of both regimens in salt-resistant hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Nomura K, Hiyama TY, Sakuta H, Matsuda T, Lin CH, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi K, Kuwaki T, Takahashi K, Matsui S, Noda M. [Na +] Increases in Body Fluids Sensed by Central Na x Induce Sympathetically Mediated Blood Pressure Elevations via H +-Dependent Activation of ASIC1a. Neuron 2018; 101:60-75.e6. [PMID: 30503172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increases in sodium concentrations ([Na+]) in body fluids elevate blood pressure (BP) by enhancing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). However, the mechanisms by which information on increased [Na+] is translated to SNA have not yet been elucidated. We herein reveal that sympathetic activation leading to BP increases is not induced by mandatory high salt intakes or the intraperitoneal/intracerebroventricular infusions of hypertonic NaCl solutions in Nax-knockout mice in contrast to wild-type mice. We identify Nax channels expressed in specific glial cells in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) as the sensors detecting increases in [Na+] in body fluids and show that OVLT neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are activated via acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) by H+ ions exported from Nax-positive glial cells. The present results provide an insight into the neurogenic mechanisms responsible for salt-induced BP elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nomura
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takeshi Y Hiyama
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiraki Sakuta
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Matsui
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Research Center for Cell Biology, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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20
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Howe DG, Blake JA, Bradford YM, Bult CJ, Calvi BR, Engel SR, Kadin JA, Kaufman TC, Kishore R, Laulederkind SJF, Lewis SE, Moxon SAT, Richardson JE, Smith C. Model organism data evolving in support of translational medicine. Lab Anim (NY) 2018; 47:277-289. [PMID: 30224793 PMCID: PMC6322546 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-018-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Model organism databases (MODs) have been collecting and integrating biomedical research data for 30 years and were designed to meet specific needs of each model organism research community. The contributions of model organism research to understanding biological systems would be hard to overstate. Modern molecular biology methods and cost reductions in nucleotide sequencing have opened avenues for direct application of model organism research to elucidating mechanisms of human diseases. Thus, the mandate for model organism research and databases has now grown to include facilitating use of these data in translational applications. Challenges in meeting this opportunity include the distribution of research data across many databases and websites, a lack of data format standards for some data types, and sustainability of scale and cost for genomic database resources like MODs. The issues of widely distributed data and application of data standards are some of the challenges addressed by FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable) data principles. The Alliance of Genome Resources is now moving to address these challenges by bringing together expertly curated research data from fly, mouse, rat, worm, yeast, zebrafish, and the Gene Ontology consortium. Centralized multi-species data access, integration, and format standardization will lower the data utilization barrier in comparative genomics and translational applications and will provide a framework in which sustainable scale and cost can be addressed. This article presents a brief historical perspective on how the Alliance model organisms are complementary and how they have already contributed to understanding the etiology of human diseases. In addition, we discuss four challenges for using data from MODs in translational applications and how the Alliance is working to address them, in part by applying FAIR data principles. Ultimately, combined data from these animal models are more powerful than the sum of the parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Howe
- The Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | | | - Yvonne M Bradford
- The Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Brian R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stacia R Engel
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ranjana Kishore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Stanley J F Laulederkind
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Suzanna E Lewis
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sierra A T Moxon
- The Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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21
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Abstract
Fierce debate has developed whether low-sodium intake, like high-sodium intake, could be associated with adverse outcome. The debate originates in earlier epidemiological studies associating high-sodium intake with high blood pressure and more recent studies demonstrating a higher cardiovascular event rate with both low- and high-sodium intake. This brings into question whether we entirely understand the consequences of high- and (very) low-sodium intake for the systemic hemodynamics, the kidney function, the vascular wall, the immune system, and the brain. Evolutionarily, sodium retention mechanisms in the context of low dietary sodium provided a survival advantage and are highly conserved, exemplified by the renin-angiotensin system. What is the potential for this sodium-retaining mechanism to cause harm? In this paper, we will consider current views on how a sodium load is handled, visiting aspects including the effect of sodium on the vessel wall, the sympathetic nervous system, the brain renin-angiotensin system, the skin as "third compartment" coupling to vascular endothelial growth factor C, and the kidneys. From these perspectives, several mechanisms can be envisioned whereby a low-sodium diet could potentially cause harm, including the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system. Altogether, the uncertainties preclude a unifying model or practical clinical guidance regarding the effects of a low-sodium diet for an individual. There is a very strong need for fundamental and translational studies to enhance the understanding of the potential adverse consequences of low-salt intake as an initial step to facilitate better clinical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Braam
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Medicine / Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta Hospital, 11-132 CSB Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - William A Cupples
- Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Shereen M Hamza
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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22
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Yu B, Cai D. Neural Programmatic Role of Leptin, TNFα, Melanocortin, and Glutamate in Blood Pressure Regulation vs Obesity-Related Hypertension in Male C57BL/6 Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1766-1775. [PMID: 28419227 PMCID: PMC5460935 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous nutritional surplus sets the stage for hypertension development. Whereas moderate dietary obesity in mice is normotensive, the homeostatic balance is disrupted concurrent with an increased risk of hypertension. However, it remains unclear how the obesity-associated prehypertensive state is converted into overt hypertension. Here, using mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced moderate obesity vs control diet (CD)-fed lean mice, we comparatively studied the effects of central leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) as well as the involvement of the neuropeptide melanocortin pathway vs the neurotransmitter glutamate pathway. Compared with CD-fed lean mice, the pressor effect of central excess leptin and TNFα, but not melanocortin, was sensitized in HFD-fed mice. The pressor effect of central leptin in HFD-fed mice was strongly suppressed by glutamatergic inhibition but not by melanocortinergic inhibition. The pressor effect of central TNFα was substantially reversed by melanocortinergic inhibition in HFD-fed mice but barely in CD-fed mice. Regardless of diet, the hypertensive effects of central TNFα and melanocortin were both partially reversed by glutamatergic suppression. Hence, neural control of blood pressure is mediated by a signaling network between leptin, TNFα, melanocortin, and glutamate and changes in dynamics due to central excess leptin and TNFα mediate the switch from normal physiology to obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Barsha G, Denton KM, Mirabito Colafella KM. Sex- and age-related differences in arterial pressure and albuminuria in mice. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:57. [PMID: 27895890 PMCID: PMC5109725 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal models have become valuable experimental tools for understanding the pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular disease. Yet to date, few studies document the age- and sex-related differences in arterial pressure, circadian rhythm, and renal function in normotensive mice under basal conditions, across the life span. We hypothesized that mice display similar sex- and age-related differences in arterial pressure and renal function to humans. Methods Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and circadian rhythm of arterial pressure were measured over 3 days via radiotelemetry, in 3- and 5-month-old (adult) and 14- and 18-month-old (aged) FVB/N and in 5-month-old (adult) C57BL/6 male and female normotensive mice. In FVB/N mice, albuminuria from 24-h urine samples as well as body, heart, and kidney weights were measured at each age. Results Twenty-four-hour MAP was greater in males than females at 3, 5, and 14 months of age. A similar sex difference in arterial pressure was observed in C57BL/6 mice at 5 months of age. In FVB/N mice, 24-h MAP increased with age, with females displaying a greater increase between 3 and 18 months of age than males, such that MAP was no longer different between the sexes at 18 months of age. A circadian pattern was observed in arterial pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity, with values for each greater during the active (night/dark) than the inactive (day/light) period. The night-day dip in MAP was greater in males and increased with age in both sexes. Albuminuria was greater in males than females, increased with age in both sexes, and rose to a greater level in males than females at 18 months of age. Conclusions Arterial pressure and albuminuria increase in an age- and sex-specific manner in mice, similar to patterns observed in humans. Thus, mice represent a useful model for studying age and sex differences in the regulation of arterial pressure and renal disease. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease may lead to new and better-tailored therapies for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannie Barsha
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk (Building 13F), Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk (Building 13F), Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk (Building 13F), Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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