1
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Lee WS, Abel ED, Kim J. New Insights into IGF-1 Signaling in the Heart. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38713091 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling has multiple physiological roles in cellular growth, metabolism, and aging. Myocardial hypertrophy, cell death, senescence, fibrosis, and electrical remodeling are hallmarks of various heart diseases and contribute to the progression of heart failure. This review highlights the critical role of IGF-1 and its cognate receptor in cardiac hypertrophy, aging, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Teixeira-Fonseca JL, Joviano-Santos JV, Beserra SS, de Lima Conceição MR, Leal-Silva P, Marques LP, Souza DS, Roman-Campos D. Exploring the involvement of TASK-1 in the control of isolated rat right atrium function from healthy animals and an experimental model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3775-3788. [PMID: 37338577 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The TASK-1 channel belongs to the two-pore domain potassium channel family. It is expressed in several cells of the heart, including the right atrial (RA) cardiomyocytes and the sinus node, and TASK-1 channel has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial arrhythmias (AA). Thus, using the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MCT-PH), we explored the involvement of TASK-1 in AA. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were injected with 50 mg/kg of MCT to induce MCT-PH and isolated RA function was studied 14 days later. Additionally, isolated RA from six-week-old male Wistar rats were used to explore the ability of ML365, a selective blocker of TASK-1, to modulate RA function. The hearts developed right atrial and ventricular hypertrophy, inflammatory infiltrate and the surface ECG demonstrated increased P wave duration and QT interval, which are markers of MCT-PH. The isolated RA from the MCT animals showed enhanced chronotropism, faster contraction and relaxation kinetics, and a higher sensibility to extracellular acidification. However, the addition of ML365 to extracellular media was not able to restore the phenotype. Using a burst pacing protocol, the RA from MCT animals were more susceptible to develop AA, and simultaneous administration of carbachol and ML365 enhanced AA, suggesting the involvement of TASK-1 in AA induced by MCT. TASK-1 does not play a key role in the chronotropism and inotropism of healthy and diseased RA; however, it may play a role in AA in the MCT-PH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lucas Teixeira-Fonseca
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Street, 862, Biological Science Building, 7th floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Beserra
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Street, 862, Biological Science Building, 7th floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Ramon de Lima Conceição
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Street, 862, Biological Science Building, 7th floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Polyana Leal-Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Street, 862, Biological Science Building, 7th floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leisiane Pereira Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Street, 862, Biological Science Building, 7th floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Street, 862, Biological Science Building, 7th floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Street, 862, Biological Science Building, 7th floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Sharma AK, Singh S, Bhat M, Gill K, Zaid M, Kumar S, Shakya A, Tantray J, Jose D, Gupta R, Yangzom T, Sharma RK, Sahu SK, Rathore G, Chandolia P, Singh M, Mishra A, Raj S, Gupta A, Agarwal M, Kifayat S, Gupta A, Gupta P, Vashist A, Vaibhav P, Kathuria N, Yadav V, Singh RP, Garg A. New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16420. [PMID: 37775650 PMCID: PMC10541452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rhythm regulated by micro-macroscopic structures of heart. Pacemaker abnormalities or disruptions in electrical conduction, lead to arrhythmic disorders may be benign, typical, threatening, ultimately fatal, occurs in clinical practice, patients on digitalis, anaesthesia or acute myocardial infarction. Both traditional and genetic animal models are: In-vitro: Isolated ventricular Myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscles, Patch-Clamp Experiments, Porcine Atrial Myocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscle: action potential and refractory period, Langendorff technique, Arrhythmia by acetylcholine or potassium. Acquired arrhythmia disorders: Transverse Aortic Constriction, Myocardial Ischemia, Complete Heart Block and AV Node Ablation, Chronic Tachypacing, Inflammation, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. In-Vivo: Chemically induced arrhythmia: Aconitine antagonism, Digoxin-induced arrhythmia, Strophanthin/ouabain-induced arrhythmia, Adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, and Calcium-induced arrhythmia. Electrically induced arrhythmia: Ventricular fibrillation electrical threshold, Arrhythmia through programmed electrical stimulation, sudden coronary death in dogs, Exercise ventricular fibrillation. Genetic Arrhythmia: Channelopathies, Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Short QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome. Genetic with Structural Heart Disease: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Atrioventricular Block, Preexcitation Syndrome. Arrhythmia in Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Both traditional and genetic, experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias' characteristics and significance help in development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India.
| | - Shivam Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mehvish Bhat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Kartik Gill
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohammad Zaid
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anjali Shakya
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Junaid Tantray
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Divyamol Jose
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Tsering Yangzom
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | | | - Gulshan Rathore
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Priyanka Chandolia
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Shobhit Raj
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sumaiya Kifayat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ankit Vashist
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Parth Vaibhav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Nancy Kathuria
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Vipin Yadav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Arun Garg
- MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India
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Zheng M, Erhardt S, Cao Y, Wang J. Emerging Signaling Regulation of Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:621-630. [PMID: 37227579 PMCID: PMC11418806 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The sinoatrial node (SAN), the natural pacemaker of the heart, is responsible for generating electrical impulses and initiating each heartbeat. Sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND) causes various arrhythmias such as sinus arrest, SAN block, and tachycardia/bradycardia syndrome. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms of SND is of paramount importance in the pursuit of developing effective therapeutic strategies for patients with SND. This review provides a concise summary of the most recent progress in the signaling regulation of SND. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that SND can be caused by abnormal intercellular and intracellular signaling, various forms of heart failure (HF), and diabetes. These discoveries provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms SND, advancing our understanding of its pathogenesis. SND can cause severe cardiac arrhythmias associated with syncope and an increased risk of sudden death. In addition to ion channels, the SAN is susceptible to the influence of various signalings including Hippo, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanical force, and natriuretic peptide receptors. New cellular and molecular mechanisms related to SND are also deciphered in systemic diseases such as HF and diabetes. Progress in these studies contributes to the development of potential therapeutics for SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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5
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Menzele A, Aboalgasm H, Ballo R, Gwanyanya A. Hyperglycaemia-induced impairment of the autorhythmicity and gap junction activity of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte-like cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 159:329-337. [PMID: 36547741 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus with hyperglycaemia is a major risk factor for malignant cardiac dysrhythmias. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially during the embryonic developmental phase of the heart. This study investigated the effect of hyperglycaemia on the pulsatile activity of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were differentiated into cardiac-like cells through embryoid body (EB) formation, in either baseline glucose or high glucose conditions. Action potentials (APs) were recorded using a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye and gap junction activity was evaluated using scrape-loading lucifer yellow dye transfer assay. Molecular components were detected using immunocytochemistry and immunoblot analyses. High glucose decreased the spontaneous beating rate of EBs and shortened the duration of onset of quinidine-induced asystole. Furthermore, it altered AP amplitude, but not AP duration, and had no impact on neither the expression of the hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated isoform 4 (HCN4) channel nor on the EB beating rate response to ivabradine nor isoprenaline. High glucose also decreased both the intercellular spread of lucifer yellow within an EB and the expression of the cardiac gap junction protein connexin 43 as well as upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylated Smad3. High glucose suppressed the autorhythmicity and gap junction conduction of mESC-derived cardiomyocytes, via mechanisms probably involving TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling. The results allude to glucotoxicity related proarrhythmic effects, with potential clinical implications in foetal diabetic cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Menzele
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Hamida Aboalgasm
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Robea Ballo
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Asfree Gwanyanya
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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6
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Blackwell DJ, Schmeckpeper J, Knollmann BC. Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Res 2022; 130:1926-1964. [PMID: 35679367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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7
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Al Kury LT, Chacar S, Alefishat E, Khraibi AA, Nader M. Structural and Electrical Remodeling of the Sinoatrial Node in Diabetes: New Dimensions and Perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:946313. [PMID: 35872997 PMCID: PMC9302195 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is composed of highly specialized cells that mandate the spontaneous beating of the heart through self-generation of an action potential (AP). Despite this automaticity, the SAN is under the modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In diabetes mellitus (DM), heart rate variability (HRV) manifests as a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This is paralleled by an impaired regulation of the ANS, and by a pathological remodeling of the pacemaker structure and function. The direct effect of diabetes on the molecular signatures underscoring this pathology remains ill-defined. The recent focus on the electrical currents of the SAN in diabetes revealed a repressed firing rate of the AP and an elongation of its tracing, along with conduction abnormalities and contractile failure. These changes are blamed on the decreased expression of ion transporters and cell-cell communication ports at the SAN (i.e., HCN4, calcium and potassium channels, connexins 40, 45, and 46) which further promotes arrhythmias. Molecular analysis crystallized the RGS4 (regulator of potassium currents), mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 (reactive oxygen species; ROS scavenger), and the calcium-dependent calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) as metabolic culprits of relaying the pathological remodeling of the SAN cells (SANCs) structure and function. A special attention is given to the oxidation of CaMKII and the generation of ROS that induce cell damage and apoptosis of diabetic SANCs. Consequently, the diabetic SAN contains a reduced number of cells with significant infiltration of fibrotic tissues that further delay the conduction of the AP between the SANCs. Failure of a genuine generation of AP and conduction of their derivative waves to the neighboring atrial myocardium may also occur as a result of the anti-diabetic regiment (both acute and/or chronic treatments). All together, these changes pose a challenge in the field of cardiology and call for further investigations to understand the etiology of the structural/functional remodeling of the SANCs in diabetes. Such an understanding may lead to more adequate therapies that can optimize glycemic control and improve health-related outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Lina T. Al Kury, ; Moni Nader,
| | - Stephanie Chacar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali A. Khraibi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moni Nader
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Lina T. Al Kury, ; Moni Nader,
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8
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Adoga JO, Channa ML, Nadar A. Kolaviron attenuates cardiovascular injury in fructose-streptozotocin induced type-2 diabetic male rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and improving cardiovascular risk markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112323. [PMID: 34656062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among type-2 diabetic patients has become a source of major concern world over. This study explored the protective effect of kolaviron, a bioflavonoid, against oxidative cardiovascular injury in fructose- streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats. After acclimatization, induction, and confirmation of type-2 diabetes, kolaviron was administered for 28days, after which the animals were anesthetized with Isofor and euthanized. Blood from each rat were collected, and blood samples were then centrifuged for serum and plasma. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), Creatine phosphokinase (CK), and insulin levels were immediately determined in serum, while remaining samples (serum, plasma, and organs) were stored in the bio-freezer at - 80 °C and 10% formalin for enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA), biochemical, molecular, and histopathological studies. The results show that type-2 diabetes induction with fructose and streptozotocin led to increased blood glucose levels, decreased insulin levels and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities, increased malondialdehyde levels, cardiac biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, resulted in abnormal lipid profile, increased blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and decreased plasma endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) concentration. The histopathological examination of the cardiac tissue revealed severe lesion, hypertrophy, and myofibrils degeneration. However, administration of kolaviron for 28days remarkably improved these conditions. Hence the result from the study validates the potency of kolaviron, and suggests it could serve as an alternative to existing remedy in ameliorating or protecting against cardiovascular injury in type-2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Fructose
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Insulin/blood
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Streptozocin
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O Adoga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Mahendra L Channa
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anand Nadar
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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9
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Regulation of sinus node pacemaking and atrioventricular node conduction by HCN channels in health and disease. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 166:61-85. [PMID: 34197836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The funny current, If, was first recorded in the heart 40 or more years ago by Dario DiFrancesco and others. Since then, we have learnt that If plays an important role in pacemaking in the sinus node, the innate pacemaker of the heart, and more recently evidence has accumulated to show that If may play an important role in action potential conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node. Evidence has also accumulated to show that regulation of the transcription and translation of the underlying Hcn genes plays an important role in the regulation of sinus node pacemaking and AV node conduction under normal physiological conditions - in athletes, during the circadian rhythm, in pregnancy, and during postnatal development - as well as pathological states - ageing, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation. There may be yet more pathological conditions involving changes in the expression of the Hcn genes. Here, we review the role of If and the underlying HCN channels in physiological and pathological changes of the sinus and AV nodes and we begin to explore the signalling pathways (microRNAs, transcription factors, GIRK4, the autonomic nervous system and inflammation) involved in this regulation. This review is dedicated to Dario DiFrancesco on his retirement.
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10
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Brennan JA, Chen Q, Gams A, Dyavanapalli J, Mendelowitz D, Peng W, Efimov IR. Evidence of Superior and Inferior Sinoatrial Nodes in the Mammalian Heart. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2020; 6:1827-1840. [PMID: 33357580 PMCID: PMC7770336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the shift of leading pacemaker locations in healthy and failing mammalian hearts over the entire range of physiological heart rates (HRs), and to molecularly characterize spatial regions of spontaneous activity. BACKGROUND A normal heartbeat originates as an action potential in a group of pacemaker cells known as the sinoatrial node (SAN), located near the superior vena cava. HRs and the anatomical site of origin of pacemaker activity in the adult heart are known to dynamically change in response to various physiological inputs, yet the mechanism of this pacemaker shift is not well understood. METHODS Optical mapping was applied to ex vivo rat and human isolated right atrial tissues, and HRs were modulated with acetylcholine and isoproterenol. RNA sequencing was performed on tissue areas that elicited spontaneous activity, and comparisons were made to neighboring myocardial tissues. RESULTS Functional and molecular evidence identified and confirmed the presence of 2 competing right atrial pacemakers localized near the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava—the superior SAN (sSAN) and inferior SAN (iSAN), respectively—which preferentially control the fast and slow HRs. Both of these regions were evident in non-failing rat and human hearts and maintained spontaneous activity in the rat heart when physically separated from one another. Molecular analysis of these 2 pacemaker regions revealed unique but similar transcriptional profiles, suggesting iSAN dominance when the sSAN is silent. CONCLUSIONS The presence of 2 spatially distinct dominant pacemakers, sSAN and iSAN, in the mammalian heart clarifies previous identification of migrating pacemakers and corresponding changes in P-wave morphology in mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Physics, George Washington University Columbian College of Art and Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, George Washington University Columbian College of Art and Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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11
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Lubberding AF, Pereira L, Xue J, Gottlieb LA, Matchkov VV, Gomez AM, Thomsen MB. Aberrant sinus node firing during β-adrenergic stimulation leads to cardiac arrhythmias in diabetic mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13444. [PMID: 31953990 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cardiovascular complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, result in high morbidity and mortality in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical and experimental data suggest electrophysiological impairment of the natural pacemaker of the diabetic heart. The present study examined sinoatrial node (SAN) arrhythmias in a mouse model of T2DM and physiologically probed their underlying cause. METHODS Electrocardiograms were obtained from conscious diabetic db/db and lean control db/+ mice. In vivo SAN function was probed through pharmacological autonomic modulation with isoprenaline, atropine and carbachol. Blood pressure stability and heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated. Intrinsic SAN function was evaluated through ex vivo imaging of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in isolated SAN preparations. RESULTS While lean control mice showed constant RR intervals during isoprenaline challenge, the diabetic mice experienced SAN arrhythmias with large RR fluctuations in a dose-dependent manner. These arrhythmias were completely abolished by atropine pre-treatment, while carbachol pretreatment significantly increased SAN arrhythmia frequency in the diabetic mice. Blood pressure and HRV were comparable in db/db and db/+ mice, suggesting that neither augmented baroreceptor feedback nor autonomic neuropathy is a likely arrhythmia mechanism. Cycle length response to isoprenaline was comparable in isolated SAN preparations from db/db and db/+ mice; however, Ca2+ spark frequency was significantly increased in db/db mice compared to db/+ at baseline and after isoprenaline. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a dysfunction of cardiac pacemaking in an animal model of T2DM upon challenge with a β-adrenergic agonist. Ex vivo, higher Ca2+ spark frequency is present in diabetic mice, which may be directly linked to in vivo arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniek F. Lubberding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Laetitia Pereira
- Université Paris‐Saclay Inserm UMR‐S 1180 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Jianbin Xue
- Université Paris‐Saclay Inserm UMR‐S 1180 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Lisa A. Gottlieb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Ana M. Gomez
- Université Paris‐Saclay Inserm UMR‐S 1180 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Morten B. Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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12
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Blocking Ca 2+ Channel β 3 Subunit Reverses Diabetes. Cell Rep 2020; 24:922-934. [PMID: 30044988 PMCID: PMC6083041 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav) are essential for pancreatic beta cell function as they mediate Ca2+ influx, which leads to insulin exocytosis. The β3 subunit of Cav (Cavβ3) has been suggested to regulate cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillation frequency and insulin secretion under physiological conditions, but its role in diabetes is unclear. Here, we report that islets from diabetic mice show Cavβ3 overexpression, altered [Ca2+]i dynamics, and impaired insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation. Consequently, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes, Cavβ3-deficient (Cavβ3−/−) mice showed improved islet function and enhanced glucose tolerance. Normalization of Cavβ3 expression in ob/ob islets by an antisense oligonucleotide rescued the altered [Ca2+]i dynamics and impaired insulin secretion. Importantly, transplantation of Cavβ3−/− islets into the anterior chamber of the eye improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. Cavβ3 overexpression in human islets also impaired insulin secretion. We thus suggest that Cavβ3 may serve as a druggable target for diabetes treatment. Pancreatic islets from diabetic mice have increased level of Cavβ3 Overexpression of Cavβ3 in islets alters Ca2+ dynamics and impairs insulin secretion Deficiency of Cavβ3 prevents islet dysfunction and glucose intolerance in diabetes Blocking Cavβ3 improves islet function and glucose tolerance after onset of diabetes
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13
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D’Souza A, Trussell T, Morris GM, Dobrzynski H, Boyett MR. Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Athletes: Basic Mechanisms and New Directions. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:314-326. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletes are prone to supraventricular rhythm disturbances including sinus bradycardia, heart block, and atrial fibrillation. Mechanistically, this is attributed to high vagal tone and cardiac electrical and structural remodeling. Here, we consider the supporting evidence for these three pro-arrhythmic mechanisms in athletic human cohorts and animal models, featuring current controversies, emerging data, and future directions of relevance to the translational research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia D’Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Trussell
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym M. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yanni J, Qureshi MA, Logantha SJRJ, Kassab S, Boyett MR, Gardiner NJ, Sun H, Howarth FC, Dobrzynski H. Electrical Conduction System Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rat Heart. Front Physiol 2019; 10:826. [PMID: 31338036 PMCID: PMC6628866 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are common in type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) and there is an increased risk of arrhythmias as a result of dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system (CCS). We have previously shown that, in vivo, there is a decrease in the heart rate and prolongation of the QRS complex in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats indicating dysfunction of the CCS. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the ex vivo CCS and key proteins that are involved in pacemaker mechanisms in TIDM. RR interval, PR interval and QRS complex duration were significantly increased in diabetic rats. The beating rate of the isolated sinoatrial node (SAN) preparation was significantly decreased in diabetic rats. The funny current density and cell capacitance were significantly decreased in diabetic nodal cells. Western blot showed that proteins involved in the function of the CCS were significantly decreased in diabetic rats, namely: HCN4, Cav1.3, Cav3.1, Cx45, and NCX1 in the SAN; RyR2 and NCX1 in the atrioventricular junction and Cx40, Cx43, Cx45, and RyR2 in the Purkinje network. We conclude that there are complex functional and cellular changes in the CCS in TIDM. The changes in the proteins involved in the function of this electrical system are expected to adversely affect action potential generation and propagation, and these changes are likely to be arrhythmogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Yanni
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Anwar Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunil Jit R J Logantha
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kassab
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Gardiner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Cook RF, Bussey CT, Fomison‐Nurse IC, Hughes G, Bahn A, Cragg PA, Lamberts RR. β
2
‐Adrenoceptors indirectly support impaired β
1
‐adrenoceptor responsiveness in the isolated type 2 diabetic rat heart. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:808-818. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind F. Cook
- Department of Physiology – HeartOtagoSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Carol T. Bussey
- Department of Physiology – HeartOtagoSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Ingrid C. Fomison‐Nurse
- Department of Physiology – HeartOtagoSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Department of Physiology – HeartOtagoSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Andrew Bahn
- Department of Physiology – HeartOtagoSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Patricia A. Cragg
- Department of Physiology – HeartOtagoSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Regis R. Lamberts
- Department of Physiology – HeartOtagoSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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16
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Grisanti LA. Diabetes and Arrhythmias: Pathophysiology, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Outcomes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1669. [PMID: 30534081 PMCID: PMC6275303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing and closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While the major cardiovascular complication associated with diabetes is coronary artery disease, it is becoming increasingly apparent that diabetes impacts the electrical conduction system in the heart, resulting in atrial fibrillation, and ventricular arrhythmias. The relationship between diabetes and arrhythmias is complex and multifactorial including autonomic dysfunction, atrial and ventricular remodeling and molecular alterations. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the link between diabetes and arrhythmias with insight into the common molecular mechanisms, structural alterations and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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17
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Howarth FC, Qureshi MA, Jayaprakash P, Parekh K, Oz M, Dobrzynski H, Adrian TE. The Pattern of mRNA Expression Is Changed in Sinoatrial Node from Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat Heart. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8454078. [PMID: 30246030 PMCID: PMC6139199 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8454078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo experiments in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rats have demonstrated reductions in heart rate from a young age. The expression of genes encoding more than 70 proteins that are associated with the generation and conduction of electrical activity in the GK sinoatrial node (SAN) have been evaluated to further clarify the molecular basis of the low heart rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart rate and expression of genes were evaluated with an extracellular electrode and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Rats aged 12-13 months were employed in these experiments. RESULTS Isolated spontaneous heart rate was reduced in GK heart (161 ± 12 bpm) compared to controls (229 ± 11 bpm). There were many differences in expression of mRNA, and some of these differences were of particular interest. Compared to control SAN, expression of some genes were downregulated in GK-SAN: gap junction, Gja1 (Cx43), Gja5 (Cx40), Gjc1 (Cx45), and Gjd3 (Cx31.9); cell membrane transport, Trpc1 (TRPC1) and Trpc6 (TRPC6); hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, Hcn1 (HCN1) and Hcn4 (HCN4); calcium channels, Cacna1d (Cav1.3), Cacna1g (Cav3.1), Cacna1h (Cav3.2), Cacna2d1 (Cavα2δ1), Cacna2d3 (Cavα2δ3), and Cacng4 (Cav γ 4); and potassium channels, Kcna2 (Kv1.2), Kcna4 (Kv1.4), Kcna5 (Kv1.5), Kcnb1 (Kv2.1), Kcnd3 (Kv4.3), Kcnj2 (Kir2.1), Kcnk1 (TWIK1), Kcnk5 (K2P5.1), Kcnk6 (TWIK2), and Kcnn2 (SK2) whilst others were upregulated in GK-SAN: Ryr2 (RYR2) and Nppb (BNP). CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the changing expression of genes in the sinoatrial node of diabetic heart.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Rate/genetics
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Sinoatrial Node/metabolism
- Sinoatrial Node/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - P. Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - K. Parekh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - H. Dobrzynski
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T. E. Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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18
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Lacinová Ľ. Regulation of the Ca V3.2 calcium channels in health and disease Regulácia Ca V3.2 vápnikových kanálov v zdraví a chorobe. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afpuc-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Family of T-type or low-voltage activated calcium channels consists of three members: CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3. CaV3.2 channel has almost identical biophysical properties as the CaV3.1 channel, but is distinguished by a specific tissue expression profile and a prominent role in several pathologies, including neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and dysregulation of cardiac rhythm. Further, it may be involved in phenotype of autism spectrum disorders, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It represents a promising target for future pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľ. Lacinová
- Slovenská akadémia vied, Biomedicínske centrum SAV, Bratislava , Slovakia
- Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, Fakulta prírodných vied, Trnava , Slovakia
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19
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Ashrafi R, Modi P, Oo AY, Pullan DM, Jian K, Zhang H, Gerges JY, Hart G, Boyett MR, Davis GK, Wilding JPH. Arrhythmogenic gene remodelling in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes with aortic stenosis and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1424-1434. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ashrafi
- Obesity & Endocrinology Research, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
| | - P. Modi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital; Liverpool UK
| | - A. Y. Oo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital; Liverpool UK
| | - D. M. Pullan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital; Liverpool UK
| | - K. Jian
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics & Astronomy; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - H. Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics & Astronomy; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. Yanni Gerges
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; University of Manchester; The Core Technology Facility Manchester UK
| | - G. Hart
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; University of Manchester; The Core Technology Facility Manchester UK
| | - M. R. Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; University of Manchester; The Core Technology Facility Manchester UK
| | - G. K. Davis
- Obesity & Endocrinology Research, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
- Department of Cardiology; Aintree University Hospital; NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
| | - J. P. H. Wilding
- Obesity & Endocrinology Research, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
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20
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Howarth FC, Parekh K, Jayaprakash P, Inbaraj ES, Oz M, Dobrzynski H, Adrian TE. Altered profile of mRNA expression in atrioventricular node of streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3720-3730. [PMID: 28731153 PMCID: PMC5646948 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged action potential duration, reduced action potential firing rate, upstroke velocity and rate of diastolic depolarization have been demonstrated in atrioventricular node (AVN) cells from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To further clarify the molecular basis of these electrical disturbances, the mRNA profiles encoding a variety of proteins associated with the generation and conduction of electrical activity in the AVN, were evaluated in the STZ-induced diabetic rat heart. Expression of mRNA was measured in AVN biopsies using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. Notable differences in mRNA expression included upregulation of genes encoding membrane and intracellular Ca2+ transport, including solute carrier family 8 member A1, transient receptor potential channel 1, ryanodine receptor 2/3, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide 2 and 3, calcium channel voltage-dependent, β2 subunit and sodium channels 3a, 4a, 7a and 3b. In addition to this, potassium channels potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4, potassium channel calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N α member 2, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J members 3, 5, and 11, potassium channel subfamily K members 1, 2, 3 and natriuretic peptide B (BNP) were upregulated in AVN of STZ heart, compared with controls. Alterations in gene expression were associated with upregulation of various proteins including the inwardly rectifying, potassium channel Kir3.4, NCX1 and BNP. The present study demonstrated notable differences in the profile of mRNA encoding proteins associated with the generation, conduction and regulation of electrical signals in the AVN of the STZ-induced diabetic rat heart. These data will provide a basis for a substantial range of future studies to investigate whether variations in mRNA translate into alterations in electrophysiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khatija Parekh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petrilla Jayaprakash
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Edward Samuel Inbaraj
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Edward Adrian
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
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