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Majer A, Skoracka A, Spaak J, Kuczyński L. Higher-order species interactions cause time-dependent niche and fitness differences: Experimental evidence in plant-feeding arthropods. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14428. [PMID: 38685715 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Species interact in different ways, including competition, facilitation and predation. These interactions can be non-linear or higher order and may depend on time or species densities. Although these higher-order interactions are virtually ubiquitous, they remain poorly understood, as they are challenging both theoretically and empirically. We propose to adapt niche and fitness differences from modern coexistence theory and apply them to species interactions over time. As such, they may not merely inform about coexistence, but provide a deeper understanding of how species interactions change. Here, we investigated how the exploitation of a biotic resource (plant) by phytophagous arthropods affects their interactions. We performed monoculture and competition experiments to fit a generalized additive mixed model to the empirical data, which allowed us to calculate niche and fitness differences. We found that species switch between different types of interactions over time, including intra- and interspecific facilitation, and strong and weak competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jürg Spaak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Wheat transcriptomic responses to extended feeding by wheat curl mites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12535. [PMID: 35869133 PMCID: PMC9307608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic importance of wheat and its contribution to human and livestock diets has been already demonstrated. However, wheat production is impacted by pests that induce yield reductions. Among these pests, wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella Keifer) impacts wheat all around the world. WCM are tiny pests that feed within the whorl of developing leaves, and their feeding causes leaf curling by preventing them from unfurling. The curling of the leaves provides a protective niche for the WCM. Additionally, WCM are also the vector of serious viruses in wheat. Little is known regarding the impact of the WCM on wheat transcriptome, and to date, only one article has been published describing the wheat transcriptomic changes after 1 day of WCM feeding. To better understand the wheat transcriptome variation after extended feeding by WCM [10 days post infestation (dpi)], we used an RNA-seq approach. We collected WCM-infested and uninfested leaves from two wheat cultivars: Byrd (WCM resistant) and Settler CL (WCM susceptible) at 10 dpi. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed the common and specific transcriptomic variations in WCM resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars, chromosome 3D specific location of the differentially expressed genes with functions involved in defense and stress response, and also identified the gene functions related to lipid signaling and membrane integrity, and phytohormone pathways potentially contributing to WCM resistance. Collectively, our study provides important insights on wheat defense mechanisms against WCM after extended feeding.
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Skoracka A, Laska A, Radwan J, Konczal M, Lewandowski M, Puchalska E, Karpicka‐Ignatowska K, Przychodzka A, Raubic J, Kuczyński L. Effective specialist or jack of all trades? Experimental evolution of a crop pest in fluctuating and stable environments. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1639-1652. [PMID: 36330306 PMCID: PMC9624081 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pest evolution in agricultural systems is crucial for developing effective and innovative pest control strategies. Types of cultivation, such as crop monocultures versus polycultures or crop rotation, may act as a selective pressure on pests’ capability to exploit the host’s resources. In this study, we examined the herbivorous mite Aceria tosichella (commonly known as wheat curl mite), a widespread wheat pest, to understand how fluctuating versus stable environments influence its niche breadth and ability to utilize different host plant species. We subjected a wheat‐bred mite population to replicated experimental evolution in a single‐host environment (either wheat or barley), or in an alternation between these two plant species every three mite generations. Next, we tested the fitness of these evolving populations on wheat, barley, and on two other plant species not encountered during experimental evolution, namely rye and smooth brome. Our results revealed that the niche breadth of A. tosichella evolved in response to the level of environmental variability. The fluctuating environment expanded the niche breadth by increasing the mite’s ability to utilize different plant species, including novel ones. Such an environment may thus promote flexible host‐use generalist phenotypes. However, the niche expansion resulted in some costs expressed as reduced performances on both wheat and barley as compared to specialists. Stable host environments led to specialized phenotypes. The population that evolved in a constant environment consisting of barley increased its fitness on barley without the cost of utilizing wheat. However, the population evolving on wheat did not significantly increase its fitness on wheat, but decreased its performance on barley. Altogether, our results indicated that, depending on the degree of environmental heterogeneity, agricultural systems create different conditions that influence pests’ niche breadth evolution, which may in turn affect the ability of pests to persist in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Mateusz Konczal
- Evolutionary Biology Group Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology Department of Plant Protection Institute of Horticultural Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa Puchalska
- Section of Applied Entomology Department of Plant Protection Institute of Horticultural Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - Kamila Karpicka‐Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Anna Przychodzka
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Jarosław Raubic
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
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Majer A, Laska A, Hein G, Kuczyński L, Skoracka A. Hitchhiking or hang gliding? Dispersal strategies of two cereal-feeding eriophyoid mite species. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 85:131-146. [PMID: 34609667 PMCID: PMC8604871 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal shapes the dynamics of populations, their genetic structure and species distribution; therefore, knowledge of an organisms' dispersal abilities is crucial, especially in economically important and invasive species. In this study, we investigated dispersal strategies of two phytophagous eriophyoid mite species: Aceria tosichella (wheat curl mite, WCM) and Abacarus hystrix (cereal rust mite, CRM). Both species are obligatory plant parasites that infest cereals and are of economic significance. We investigated their dispersal success using different dispersal agents: wind and vectors. We hypothesised that in both mite species the main mode of dispersal is moving via wind, whereas phoretic dispersal is rather accidental, as the majority of eriophyoid mite species do not possess clear morphological or behavioural adaptations for phoresy. Results confirmed our predictions that both species dispersed mainly with wind currents. Additionally, WCM was found to have a higher dispersal success than CRM. Thus, this study contributes to our understanding of the high invasive potential of WCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Gary Hein
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Laska A, Magalhães S, Lewandowski M, Puchalska E, Karpicka-Ignatowska K, Radwańska A, Meagher S, Kuczyński L, Skoracka A. A sink host allows a specialist herbivore to persist in a seasonal source. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211604. [PMID: 34465242 PMCID: PMC8437026 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In seasonal environments, sinks that are more persistent than sources may serve as temporal stepping stones for specialists. However, this possibility has to our knowledge, not been demonstrated to date, as such environments are thought to select for generalists, and the role of sinks, both in the field and in the laboratory, is difficult to document. Here, we used laboratory experiments to show that herbivorous arthropods associated with seasonally absent main (source) habitats can endure on a suboptimal (sink) host for several generations, albeit with a negative growth rate. Additionally, they dispersed towards this host less often than towards the main host and accepted it less often than the main host. Finally, repeated experimental evolution attempts revealed no adaptation to the suboptimal host. Nevertheless, field observations showed that arthropods are found in suboptimal habitats when the main habitat is unavailable. Together, these results show that evolutionary rescue in the suboptimal habitat is not possible. Instead, the sink habitat functions as a temporal stepping stone, allowing for the persistence of a specialist when the source habitat is gone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Puchalska
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Radwańska
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Shawn Meagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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6
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Karpicka-Ignatowska K, Laska A, Rector BG, Skoracka A, Kuczyński L. Temperature-dependent development and survival of an invasive genotype of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 83:513-525. [PMID: 33661416 PMCID: PMC8041678 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00602-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying basic biological data, such as the effects of variable temperatures on development and survival, is crucial to predicting and monitoring population growth rates of pest species, many of which are highly invasive. One of the most globally important pests of cereals is the eriophyoid wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, which is the primary vector of several plant viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature-dependent development and survival of WCM at a wide range of constant temperatures in the laboratory (17-33 °C). The development time of each stage depended significantly on temperature and it was negatively correlated with temperature increase. At high temperatures (27-33 °C), individuals had shorter developmental times, with the shortest (6 days) at 33 °C, whereas at the lowest tested temperatures (17-19 °C), developmental time was almost 3× longer. Moreover, temperature had a clear effect on survival: the higher the temperature, the lower the survival rate. These data provide information promoting more efficient and effective manipulation of WCM laboratory colonies, and further our understanding of the ramifications of temperature change on WCM physiology and implications for the growth and spread of this globally invasive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Brian G Rector
- USDA-ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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7
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Venter TS, Robertson MP, Saccaggi DL, Faulkner KT. The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella, Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) could establish in South Africa. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2020.1845794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamryn S Venter
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mark P Robertson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Davina L Saccaggi
- Plant Health Diagnostic Services, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform, and Rural Development, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Katelyn T Faulkner
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Labudda M, Tokarz K, Tokarz B, Muszyńska E, Gietler M, Górecka M, Różańska E, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Fidler J, Prabucka B, Dababat AA, Lewandowski M. Reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic performance in leaves of Hordeum vulgare plants co-infested with Heterodera filipjevi and Aceria tosichella. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1719-1741. [PMID: 32955612 PMCID: PMC7502656 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Defence responses of cyst nematode and/or wheat curl mite infested barley engage the altered reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant machinery, carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthesis efficiency. The primary aim of this study was to determine how barley responds to two pests infesting separately or at once; thus barley was inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter (cereal cyst nematode; CCN) and Aceria tosichella Keifer (wheat curl mite; WCM). To verify hypothesis about the involvement of redox metabolism and photosynthesis in barley defence responses, biochemical, photosynthesis efficiency and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy were implemented. Inoculation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) brought about a significant suppression in the efficiency of electron transport outside photosystem II reaction centres. This limitation was an effect of diminished pool of rapidly reducing plastoquinone and decreased total electron carriers. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) also significantly restricted the electron transport on the photosystem I acceptor side, therefore produced reactive oxygen species oxidized lipids in cells of WCM and double infested plants and proteins in cells of WCM-infested plants. The level of hydrogen peroxide was significantly decreased in double infested plants because of glutathione-ascorbate cycle involvement. The inhibition of nitrosoglutathione reductase promoted the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione increasing antioxidant capacity in cells of double infested plants. Moreover, enhanced arginase activity in WCM-infested plants could stimulate synthesis of polyamines participating in plant antioxidant response. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) significantly reduced the efficiency of carbon dioxide assimilation by barley leaves, whereas infection only with CCN expanded photosynthesis efficiency. These were accompanied with the ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts during CCN and WCM infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosława Górecka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdelfattah A Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Soil Borne Pathogens Program, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Section of Applied Entomology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Kuczyński L, Radwańska A, Karpicka-Ignatowska K, Laska A, Lewandowski M, Rector BG, Majer A, Raubic J, Skoracka A. A comprehensive and cost-effective approach for investigating passive dispersal in minute invertebrates with case studies of phytophagous eriophyid mites. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:17-31. [PMID: 32812209 PMCID: PMC7471196 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental biological process that operates at different temporal and spatial scales with consequences for individual fitness, population dynamics, population genetics, and species distributions. Studying this process is particularly challenging when the focus is on microscopic organisms that disperse passively, whilst controlling neither the transience nor the settlement phase of their movement. In this work we propose a comprehensive approach for studying passive dispersal of microscopic invertebrates and demonstrate it using wind and phoretic vectors. The protocol includes the construction of versatile, modifiable dispersal tunnels as well as a theoretical framework quantifying the movement of species via wind or vectors, and a hierarchical Bayesian approach appropriate to the structure of the dispersal data. The tunnels were used to investigate the three stages of dispersal (viz., departure, transience, and settlement) of two species of minute, phytophagous eriophyid mites Aceria tosichella and Abacarus hystrix. The proposed devices are inexpensive and easy to construct from readily sourced materials. Possible modifications enable studies of a wide range of mite species and facilitate manipulation of dispersal factors, thus opening a new important area of ecological study for many heretofore understudied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Radwańska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Brian G. Rector
- Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 920 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512 USA
| | - Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Raubic
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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A novel experimental approach for studying life-history traits of phytophagous arthropods utilizing an artificial culture medium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20327. [PMID: 31889108 PMCID: PMC6937311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental approaches to studying life-history traits in minute herbivorous arthropods are hampered by the need to work with detached host plant material and the difficulty of maintaining that material in a suitable condition to support the animal throughout the duration of the test. In order to address this shortcoming, we developed a customizable agar-based medium modified from an established plant cell-culture medium to nourish detached leaves laid atop it while also preventing arthropods from escaping the experimental arena. The artificial culture medium was tested with two herbivorous mite species: the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella; Eriophyidae) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae; Tetranychidae). The proposed approach was a major improvement over a standard protocol for prolonged studies of individual eriophyid mites and also provided some benefits for experiments with spider mites. Moreover, the described method can be easily modified according to the requirements of host plant species and applied to a wide range of microherbivore species. Such applications include investigations of life-history traits and other ecological and evolutionary questions, e.g. mating or competitive behaviours or interspecific interactions, assessing invasiveness potential and predicting possible outbreaks. The approach presented here should have a significant impact on the advancement of evolutionary and ecological research on microscopic herbivores.
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11
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Singh K, Wegulo SN, Skoracka A, Kundu JK. Wheat streak mosaic virus: a century old virus with rising importance worldwide. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2193-2206. [PMID: 29575495 PMCID: PMC6638073 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes wheat streak mosaic, a disease of cereals and grasses that threatens wheat production worldwide. It is a monopartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and the type member of the genus Tritimovirus in the family Potyviridae. The only known vector is the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella), recently identified as a species complex of biotypes differing in virus transmission. Low rates of seed transmission have been reported. Infected plants are stunted and have a yellow mosaic of parallel discontinuous streaks on the leaves. In the autumn, WCMs move from WSMV-infected volunteer wheat and other grass hosts to newly emerged wheat and transmit the virus which survives the winter within the plant, and the mites survive as eggs, larvae, nymphs or adults in the crown and leaf sheaths. In the spring/summer, the mites move from the maturing wheat crop to volunteer wheat and other grass hosts and transmit WSMV, and onto newly emerged wheat in the fall to which they transmit the virus, completing the disease cycle. WSMV detection is by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Three types of WSMV are recognized: A (Mexico), B (Europe, Russia, Asia) and D (USA, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, Turkey, Canada). Resistance genes Wsm1, Wsm2 and Wsm3 have been identified. The most effective, Wsm2, has been introduced into several wheat cultivars. Mitigation of losses caused by WSMV will require enhanced knowledge of the biology of WCM biotypes and WSMV, new or improved virus detection techniques, the development of resistance through traditional and molecular breeding, and the adaptation of cultural management tactics to account for climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant Singh
- Crop Research Institute, Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health161 06 Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Stephen N. Wegulo
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Nebraska‐Lincoln, 406H Plant Sciences HallLincolnNE 68583USA
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89Poznań 61‐614Poland
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Crop Research Institute, Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health161 06 Prague 6Czech Republic
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Laska A, Majer A, Szydło W, Karpicka-Ignatowska K, Hornyák M, Labrzycka A, Skoracka A. Cryptic diversity within grass-associated Abacarus species complex (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), with the description of a new species, Abacarus plumiger n. sp. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 76:1-28. [PMID: 30171478 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of species richness is often complex as genetic divergence is not always accompanied by appreciable morphological differentiation. In consequence, cryptic lineages or species evolve. Cryptic speciation is common especially in taxa characterized by small and simplified bodies, what makes their proper identification challenging. The cereal rust mite, Abacarus hystrix, was regarded for a long time as a species associated with a wide range of grass hosts, whereas wide host ranges are rather rare in eriophyoid mites. Therefore, the generalist status of A. hystrix was questioned. In this paper we demonstrate that the diversity within Abacarus species associated with grasses is more complex than it was previously thought. The 78 Abacarus mtDNA COI sequences used in this study formed 10 highly supported clades (bootstrap value 99%) and four more distinct genetic lineages were represented by unique sequences. The genetic distances between them ranged from 6.6 to 26.5%. Moreover, morphological study and genetic approach based on the combination of the Poisson Tree Processes model for species delimitation (PTP) and a Bayesian implementation of PTP (bPTP), and Neighbour Joining analyses led to delimitation of a new species within the Abacarus complex: Abacarus plumiger, specialized on smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Furthermore, our analyses demonstrated a pattern of host-associated differentiation within the complex. Overall, our study indicates that cryptic speciation occurs in the grass-associated Abacarus genus, and suggests the need for more extensive sampling using integrative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Szydło
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0816, USA
| | - Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Hornyák
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Labrzycka
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Skoracka A, Rector BG, Hein GL. The Interface Between Wheat and the Wheat Curl Mite, Aceria tosichella, the Primary Vector of Globally Important Viral Diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 30100916 PMCID: PMC6072864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wheat production and sustainability are steadily threatened by pests and pathogens in both wealthy and developing countries. This review is focused on the wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, and its relationship with wheat. WCM is a major pest of wheat and other cereals and a vector of at least four damaging plant viruses (Wheat streak mosaic virus, High plains wheat mosaic virus, Brome streak mosaic virus, and Triticum mosaic virus). The WCM-virus pathosystem causes considerable yield losses worldwide and its severity increases significantly when mixed-virus infections occur. Chemical control strategies are largely ineffective because WCM occupies secluded niches on the plant, e.g., leaf sheaths or curled leaves in the whorl. The challenge of effectively managing this pest-virus complex is exacerbated by the existence of divergent WCM lineages that differ in host-colonization and virus-transmission abilities. We highlight research progress in mite ecology and virus epidemiology that affect management and development of cereal cultivars with WCM- and virus-resistance genes. We also address the challenge of avoiding both agronomically deleterious side effects and selection for field populations of WCM that can overcome these resistance genes. This report integrates the current state of knowledge of WCM-virus-plant interactions and addresses knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms driving WCM infestation, viral epidemics, and plant responses. We discuss the potential application of molecular methods (e.g., transcriptomics, epigenetics, and whole-genome sequencing) to understand the chemical and cellular interface between the wheat plant and WCM-virus complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Brian G. Rector
- Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Gary L. Hein
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Ranabhat NB, Seipel T, Lehnhoff EA, Miller ZJ, Owen KE, Menalled FD, Burrows ME. Temperature and Alternative Hosts Influence Aceria tosichella Infestation and Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Infection. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:546-551. [PMID: 30673491 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-17-0782-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wheat streak mosaic, caused by Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; family Potyviridae), is the most important and common viral disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains of North America. WSMV is transmitted by the wheat curl mite (WCM; Aceria tosichella). We evaluated how mean daily temperatures, cumulative growing degree-days, day of the year, and surrounding alternative host identity affected WCM infestation and WSMV infection of wheat from late summer through early autumn in Montana, United States. Cumulative growing degree-days, warm mean daily temperatures (i.e., >10°C), and surrounding alternative hosts interacted to alter risk of WCM infestation and WSMV infection. Wheat surrounded by Bromus tectorum L. and preharvest volunteer wheat had WCM infestation and WSMV infection rates of 88% in years when the mean daily temperature was 15°C in October, compared with 23% when surrounded by bare ground, and <1% when the temperature was 0°C regardless of surrounding alternative host. Mean daily temperatures in the cereal-growing regions of Montana during autumn are marginally conducive to WCM population growth and movement. As the region continues to warm, the period of WCM movement will become longer, potentially increasing the frequency of WSMV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nar B Ranabhat
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
| | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
| | - Erik A Lehnhoff
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - Zach J Miller
- Department of Research Centers, Western Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, Corvallis 59828
| | - Karl E Owen
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology
| | | | - Mary E Burrows
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman
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Skoracka A, Lewandowski M, Rector BG, Szydło W, Kuczyński L. Spatial and Host-Related Variation in Prevalence and Population Density of Wheat Curl Mite (Aceria tosichella) Cryptic Genotypes in Agricultural Landscapes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169874. [PMID: 28099506 PMCID: PMC5242520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, is a major pest of cereals worldwide that also comprises a complex of at least 16 genetic lineages with divergent physiological traits, including host associations and specificity. The goal of this study was to test the extent to which host-plant species and landscape spatial variation influence WCM presence and population density across the entire area of Poland (>311,000 km2). Three important findings arose from the results of the study. (1) The majority of WCM lineages analyzed exhibited variation in patterns of prevalence and/or population density on both spatial and host-associated scales. (2) Areas of occurrence and local abundance were delineated for specific WCM lineages and it was determined that the most pestiferous lineages are much less widespread than was expected, suggesting relatively recent introductions into Poland and the potential for further spread. (3) The 16 WCM lineages under study assorted within four discrete host assemblages, within which similar host preferences and host infestation patterns were detected. Of these four groups, one consists of lineages associated with cereals. In addition to improving basic ecological knowledge of a widespread arthropod herbivore, the results of this research identify high-risk areas for the presence of the most pestiferous WCM lineages in the study area (viz. the entirety of Poland). They also provide insight into the evolution of pest species of domesticated crops and facilitate testing of fundamental hypotheses about the ecological factors that shape this pest community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences –SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian G. Rector
- Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Wiktoria Szydło
- Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
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