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Chokkakula S, Oh S, Choi WS, Kim CI, Jeong JH, Kim BK, Park JH, Min SC, Kim EG, Baek YH, Choi YK, Song MS. Mammalian adaptation risk in HPAI H5N8: a comprehensive model bridging experimental data with mathematical insights. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2339949. [PMID: 38572657 PMCID: PMC11022924 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2339949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mammalian pathogenesis and interspecies transmission of HPAI H5N8 virus hinges on mapping its adaptive markers. We used deep sequencing to track these markers over five passages in murine lung tissue. Subsequently, we evaluated the growth, selection, and RNA load of eight recombinant viruses with mammalian adaptive markers. By leveraging an integrated non-linear regression model, we quantitatively determined the influence of these markers on growth, adaptation, and RNA expression in mammalian hosts. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the interplay of these markers can lead to synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects when combined. The elucidation distance method then transformed these results into distinct values, facilitating the derivation of a risk score for each marker. In vivo tests affirmed the accuracy of scores. As more mutations were incorporated, the overall risk score of virus heightened, and the optimal interplay between markers became essential for risk augmentation. Our study provides a robust model to assess risk from adaptive markers of HPAI H5N8, guiding strategies against future influenza threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Chokkakula
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Oh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Min
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Rivetti AV, Reischak D, de Oliveira CHS, Otaka JNP, Domingues CS, Freitas TDL, Cardoso FG, Montesino LO, da Silva ALS, Camillo SCA, Malta F, Amgarten D, Goés-Neto A, Aguiar ERGR, de Almeida IG, Pinto CA, Fonseca AA, Camargos MF. Phylodynamics of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from outbreaks in Brazil. Virus Res 2024; 347:199415. [PMID: 38880334 PMCID: PMC11239711 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Our study identified strains of the A/H5N1 virus in analyzed samples of subsistence poultry, wild birds, and mammals, belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.2, with very high genetic similarity to strains from Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina. This suggests a migratory route for wild birds across the Pacific, explaining the phylogenetic relatedness. The Brazilian samples displayed similarity to strains that had already been previously detected in South America. Phylogeographic analysis suggests transmission of US viruses from Europe and Asia, co-circulating with other lineages in the American continent. As mutations can influence virulence and host specificity, genomic surveillance is essential to detect those changes, especially in critical regions, such as hot spots in the HA, NA, and PB2 sequences. Mutations in the PB2 gene (D701N and Q591K) associated with adaptation and transmission in mammals were detected suggesting a potential zoonotic risk. Nonetheless, resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) was not identified, however, continued surveillance is crucial to detect potential resistance. Our study also mapped the spread of the virus in the Southern hemisphere, identifying possible entry routes and highlighting the importance of surveillance to prevent outbreaks and protect both human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Vasconcelos Rivetti
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/MG, Minas Gerais 33250220, Brazil.
| | - Dilmara Reischak
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/SP, São Paulo 13100-105, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Nabuco Pereira Otaka
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/SP, São Paulo 13100-105, Brazil
| | - Christian Steffe Domingues
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/SP, São Paulo 13100-105, Brazil
| | - Talita de Lima Freitas
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/SP, São Paulo 13100-105, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gomes Cardoso
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/SP, São Paulo 13100-105, Brazil
| | - Lucas Oliveira Montesino
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/SP, São Paulo 13100-105, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Savioli da Silva
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/SP, São Paulo 13100-105, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Malta
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Deyvid Amgarten
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Goés-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Amaral Pinto
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/MG, Minas Gerais 33250220, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Fonseca
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/MG, Minas Gerais 33250220, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fernandes Camargos
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/MG, Minas Gerais 33250220, Brazil
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Misra S, Gilbride E, Ramasamy S, Pond SLK, Kuchipudi SV. Enhanced Diversifying Selection on Polymerase Genes in H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b: A Key Driver of Altered Species Tropism and Host Range Expansion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.606826. [PMID: 39229076 PMCID: PMC11370473 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.606826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have shown unprecedented host range and pathogenicity, including infections in cattle, previously not susceptible to H5N1. We investigated whether selection pressures on clade 2.3.4.4b viral genes could shed light on their unique epidemiological features. Our analysis revealed that while the gene products of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 primarily undergo purifying selection, there are notable instances of episodic diversifying selection. Specifically, the polymerase genes PB2, PB1, and PA exhibit significantly greater selection pressures in clade 2.3.4.4b than all earlier H5N1 virus clades. Polymerases play critical roles in influenza virus adaptation, including viral fitness, interspecies transmission, and virulence. Our findings provide evidence that significant selection pressures have shaped the evolution of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, facilitating their expanded host tropism and the potential for further adaptation to mammalian hosts. We discuss how exogenous factors, such as altered bird migration patterns and increased host susceptibility, may have contributed to the expanded host range. As H5N1 viruses continue to infect new hosts, there is a greater risk of emergent novel variants with increased pathogenicity in humans and animals. Thus, comprehensive One Health surveillance is critical to monitor transmission among avian and mammalian hosts.
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Sevilla N, Lizarraga W, Jimenez-Vasquez V, Hurtado V, Molina IS, Huarca L, Lope-Pari P, Vargas I, Arotinco G, Padilla-Rojas C. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus outbreak in Peru in 2022-2023. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100108. [PMID: 38966059 PMCID: PMC11223070 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Background An epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has spread worldwide since 2022. Even though this virus has been extensively studied for many decades, little is known about its evolution in South America. Methods Here, we describe the sequencing and characterization of 13 H5N1 genomes collected from wild birds, poultry, and wild mammals in Peru during the genomic surveillance of this outbreak. Results The samples belonged to the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) 2.3.4.4b clade. Chilean and Peruvian samples clustered in the same group and therefore share a common ancestor. An analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes detected new mutations, some dependent upon the host type. Conclusions The genomic surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza is necessary to promote the One Health policy and to overcome the new problems entailed by climate change, which may alter the habitats of resident and migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Vargas
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades, Lima 15072, Peru
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Zhang M, Liu M, Chen H, Qiu T, Jin X, Fu W, Teng Q, Zhao C, Xu J, Li Z, Zhang X. PB2 residue 473 contributes to the mammalian virulence of H7N9 avian influenza virus by modulating viral polymerase activity via ANP32A. J Virol 2024; 98:e0194423. [PMID: 38421166 PMCID: PMC10949425 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01944-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first human infection reported in 2013, H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been regarded as a serious threat to human health. In this study, we sought to identify the virulence determinant of the H7N9 virus in mammalian hosts. By comparing the virulence of the SH/4664 H7N9 virus, a non-virulent H9N2 virus, and various H7N9-H9N2 hybrid viruses in infected mice, we first pinpointed PB2 as the primary viral factor accounting for the difference between H7N9 and H9N2 in mammalian virulence. We further analyzed the in vivo effects of individually mutating H7N9 PB2 residues different from the closely related H9N2 virus and consequently found residue 473, alongside the well-known residue 627, to be critical for the virulence of the H7N9 virus in mice and the activity of its reconstituted viral polymerase in mammalian cells. The importance of PB2-473 was further strengthened by studying reverse H7N9 substitutions in the H9N2 background. Finally, we surprisingly found that species-specific usage of ANP32A, a family member of host factors connecting with the PB2-627 polymorphism, mediates the contribution of PB2 473 residue to the mammalian adaption of AIV polymerase, as the attenuating effect of PB2 M473T on the viral polymerase activity and viral growth of the H7N9 virus could be efficiently complemented by co-expression of chicken ANP32A but not mouse ANP32A and ANP32B. Together, our studies uncovered the PB2 473 residue as a novel viral host range determinant of AIVs via species-specific co-opting of the ANP32 host factor to support viral polymerase activity.IMPORTANCEThe H7N9 avian influenza virus has been considered to have the potential to cause the next pandemic since the first case of human infection reported in 2013. In this study, we identified PB2 residue 473 as a new determinant of mouse virulence and mammalian adaptation of the viral polymerase of the H7N9 virus and its non-pathogenic H9N2 counterparts. We further demonstrated that the variation in PB2-473 is functionally linked to differential co-opting of the host ANP32A protein in supporting viral polymerase activity, which is analogous to the well-known PB2-627 polymorphism, albeit the two PB2 positions are spatially distant. By providing new mechanistic insight into the PB2-mediated host range determination of influenza A viruses, our study implicated the potential existence of multiple PB2-ANP32 interfaces that could be targets for developing new antivirals against the H7N9 virus as well as other mammalian-adapted influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihui Fu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pardo-Roa C, Nelson MI, Ariyama N, Aguayo C, Almonacid LI, Munoz G, Navarro C, Avila C, Ulloa M, Reyes R, Luppichini EF, Mathieu C, Vergara R, González Á, González CG, Araya H, Fernández J, Fasce R, Johow M, Medina RA, Neira V. Cross-species transmission and PB2 mammalian adaptations of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses in Chile. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.30.547205. [PMID: 37786724 PMCID: PMC10541606 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emerged in wild birds in Chile in December 2022 and spilled over into poultry, marine mammals, and one human. Between December 9, 2022 - March 14, 2023, a coordinated government/academic response detected HPAIV by real-time RT-PCR in 8.5% (412/4735) of samples from 23 avian and 3 mammal orders. Whole-genome sequences obtained from 77 birds and 8 marine mammals revealed that all Chilean H5N1 viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b and cluster monophyletically with viruses from Peru, indicating a single introduction from North America into Peru/Chile. Mammalian adaptations were identified in the PB2 segment: D701N in two sea lions, one human, and one shorebird, and Q591K in the human and one sea lion. Minor variant analysis revealed that D701N was present in 52.9 - 70.9% of sequence reads, indicating the presence of both genotypes within hosts. Further surveillance of spillover events is warranted to assess the emergence and potential onward transmission of mammalian adapted H5N1 HPAIV in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Pardo-Roa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martha I Nelson
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Naomi Ariyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. 11735 Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Leonardo I Almonacid
- Molecular Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carlos Navarro
- Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura, SERNAPESCA, Chile
| | | | - Mauricio Ulloa
- Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura, SERNAPESCA, Chile
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Reyes
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eugenia Fuentes Luppichini
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Araya
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, SAG, Chile
| | - Jorge Fernández
- Instituto de Salud Pública, ISP, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Instituto de Salud Pública, ISP, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rafael A Medina
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. 11735 Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Mashaal D, Mahmoud SH, Müller C, Abo Shama NM, Kamer AA, Abdelaziz AA, Ali MA, Pleschka S, Mostafa A. Differential Impact of Specific Amino Acid Residues on the Characteristics of Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammalian Systems. Pathogens 2022; 11:1385. [PMID: 36422635 PMCID: PMC9698692 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 was declared to be endemic in birds of the Middle East, in particular in Egypt, with multiple cases of human infections. Despite concerns about the pandemic threat posed by H9N2 AIV, due to the fact that its receptor specificity is similar to that of human influenza viruses, its morbidity and mortality rates in humans are so far negligible. However, the acquisition of specific adaptive amino acid (aa) mutations in the viral polymerase can enhance cross-species transmission of the virus itself or of reassortants, which gained these changes. The polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) is one of the key determinants for AIV adaptation towards mammals. Although mammalian pathogenicity-related mutations (MPMs) in PB2 genes were identified in different AIVs, the specific effect of single or multiple mutations on viral fitness has not been compared so far. Here, we studied the effect of the aa K at position 591, which was frequently reported in the PB2 of Egyptian H9N2 isolates, on the proliferation efficiency and polymerase activity of an H5N1 (clade 2.2.1.2) AIV already carrying the mammalian adaptive mutation 627K. Using reverse genetics, we generated a set of recombinant parental strains and H5N1 variants carrying the avian-like 591Q/627E or mammalian-like adaptive mutations 591K/627K (H5N1EGY, H9N2EGY, H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, H5N1H9N2_PB2_K591Q, H5N1PB2_K627E, H5N1PB2_K627E/591K, H5N1PB2_627K/591K). Regardless of the avian-like 627E or the mammalian-adaptive 627K, both variants carrying the 591K (H5N1PB2_K627E/591K, H5N1PB2_627K/591K) and the reassortant H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY replicated to significantly higher levels in mammalian continuous MDCK and Calu-3 cell lines and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells than the parental H5N1EGY virus (carrying solely the 627K adaptive mutation). Expectedly, the H5N1 variants carrying avian-like PB2 mutations (H5N1H9N2_PB2_K591Q, H5N1PB2_K627E) replicated to significantly lower levels than the parental H5N1EGY virus in the predefined primary and continuous mammalian cell line systems. Consistently, the activity of H5N1 subtype AIV polymerase complexes comprising PB2 segments with singular 591K or combined with 627K was significantly enhanced when compared to parental H5N1EGY and H9N2EGY. This study emphasizes the significant impact of 591K containing PB2 segments in the background of H5N1 polymerase on viral fitness in addition to the well-known MPM 627K in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayly Mashaal
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sara H Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Christin Müller
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Noura M Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Amal Abo Kamer
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdelaziz
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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8
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López-Valiñas Á, Baioni L, Córdoba L, Darji A, Chiapponi C, Segalés J, Ganges L, Núñez JI. Evolution of Swine Influenza Virus H3N2 in Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Pigs after Previous Natural H1N1 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092008. [PMID: 36146814 PMCID: PMC9505157 DOI: 10.3390/v14092008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses (SIV) produce a highly contagious and worldwide distributed disease that can cause important economic losses to the pig industry. Currently, this virus is endemic in farms and, although used limitedly, trivalent vaccine application is the most extended strategy to control SIV. The presence of pre-existing immunity against SIV may modulate the evolutionary dynamic of this virus. To better understand these dynamics, the viral variants generated in vaccinated and nonvaccinated H3N2 challenged pigs after recovery from a natural A(H1N1) pdm09 infection were determined and analyzed. In total, seventeen whole SIV genomes were determined, 6 from vaccinated, and 10 from nonvaccinated animals and their inoculum, by NGS. Herein, 214 de novo substitutions were found along all SIV segments, 44 of them being nonsynonymous ones with an allele frequency greater than 5%. Nonsynonymous substitutions were not found in NP; meanwhile, many of these were allocated in PB2, PB1, and NS1 proteins. Regarding HA and NA proteins, higher nucleotide diversity, proportionally more nonsynonymous substitutions with an allele frequency greater than 5%, and different domain allocations of mutants, were observed in vaccinated animals, indicating different evolutionary dynamics. This study highlights the rapid adaptability of SIV in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López-Valiñas
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baioni
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Córdoba
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayub Darji
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I. Núñez
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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An SH, Son SE, Song JH, Hong SM, Lee CY, Lee NH, Jeong YJ, Choi JG, Lee YJ, Kang HM, Choi KS, Kwon HJ. Selection of an Optimal Recombinant Egyptian H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Strain for Poultry with High Antigenicity and Safety. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020162. [PMID: 35214621 PMCID: PMC8876024 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For the development of an optimized Egyptian H9N2 vaccine candidate virus for poultry, various recombinant Egyptian H9N2 viruses generated by a PR8-based reverse genetics system were compared in terms of their productivity and biosafety since Egyptian H9N2 avian influenza viruses already possess mammalian pathogenicity-related mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and PB2 genes. The Egyptian HA and NA genes were more compatible with PR8 than with H9N2 AIV (01310) internal genes, and the 01310-derived recombinant H9N2 strains acquired the L226Q reverse mutation in HA after passages in eggs. Additionally, the introduction of a strong promoter at the 3′-ends of PB2 and PB1 genes induced an additional mutation of P221S. When recombinant Egyptian H9N2 viruses with intact or reverse mutated HA (L226Q and P221S) and NA (prototypic 2SBS) were compared, the virus with HA and NA mutations had high productivity in ECES but was lower in antigenicity when used as an inactivated vaccine due to its high binding affinity into non-specific inhibitors in eggs. Finally, we substituted the PB2 gene of PR8 with 01310 to remove the replication ability in mammalian hosts and successfully generated the best recombinant vaccine candidate in terms of immunogenicity, antigenicity, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hee An
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Seoul 88026, Korea; (S.-H.A.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.S.); (S.-M.H.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 88026, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Son
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Seoul 88026, Korea; (S.-H.A.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.S.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Jin-Ha Song
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Seoul 88026, Korea; (S.-H.A.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.S.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Seung-Min Hong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Seoul 88026, Korea; (S.-H.A.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.S.); (S.-M.H.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 88026, Korea
| | - Chung-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Nak-Hyung Lee
- KBNP, Inc., 235-9, Chusa-ro, Sinam-myeon, Yesan-gun 32417, Korea; (N.-H.L.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Young-Ju Jeong
- KBNP, Inc., 235-9, Chusa-ro, Sinam-myeon, Yesan-gun 32417, Korea; (N.-H.L.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39960, Korea; (J.-G.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39960, Korea; (J.-G.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39960, Korea; (J.-G.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Seoul 88026, Korea; (S.-H.A.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.S.); (S.-M.H.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 88026, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-S.C.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1266 (K.-S.C. & H.-J.K.); Fax: +82-2-885-6614 (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 88026, Korea
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Seoul 88026, Korea
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Seoul 88026, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-S.C.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1266 (K.-S.C. & H.-J.K.); Fax: +82-2-885-6614 (H.-J.K.)
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10
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Zhang M, Liu M, Bai S, Zhao C, Li Z, Xu J, Zhang X. Influenza A Virus-Host Specificity: An Ongoing Cross-Talk Between Viral and Host Factors. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:777885. [PMID: 34803997 PMCID: PMC8602901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.777885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One big threat from influenza A viruses (IAVs) is that novel viruses emerge from mutation alongside reassortment. Some of them have gained the capability to transmit into human from the avian reservoir. Understanding the molecular events and the involved factors in breaking the cross-species barrier holds important implication for the surveillance and prevention of potential influenza outbreaks. In this review, we summarize recent progresses, including several ground-breaking findings, in how the interaction between host and viral factors, exemplified by the PB2 subunit of the influenza virus RNA polymerase co-opting host ANP32 protein to facilitate transcription and replication of the viral genome, shapes the evolution of IAVs from host specificity to cross-species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences & Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimeng Bai
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences & Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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The influenza virus RNA polymerase as an innate immune agonist and antagonist. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7237-7256. [PMID: 34677644 PMCID: PMC8532088 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause a mild-to-severe respiratory disease that affects millions of people each year. One of the many determinants of disease outcome is the innate immune response to the viral infection. While antiviral responses are essential for viral clearance, excessive innate immune activation promotes lung damage and disease. The influenza A virus RNA polymerase is one of viral proteins that affect innate immune activation during infection, but the mechanisms behind this activity are not well understood. In this review, we discuss how the viral RNA polymerase can both activate and suppress innate immune responses by either producing immunostimulatory RNA species or directly targeting the components of the innate immune signalling pathway, respectively. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the polymerase residues, and their mutations, associated with changes in innate immune activation, and discuss their putative effects on polymerase function based on recent advances in our understanding of the influenza A virus RNA polymerase structure.
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12
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Mostafa A, Mahmoud SH, Shehata M, Müller C, Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Nooh HZ, Kayali G, Ali MA, Pleschka S. PA from a Recent H9N2 (G1-Like) Avian Influenza a Virus (AIV) Strain Carrying Lysine 367 Confers Altered Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity to Contemporaneous H5N1 in Mammalian Systems. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091046. [PMID: 32962203 PMCID: PMC7551781 DOI: 10.3390/v12091046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt is a hotspot for H5- and H9-subtype avian influenza A virus (AIV) infections and co-infections in poultry by both subtypes have been frequently reported. However, natural genetic reassortment of these subtypes has not been reported yet. Here, we evaluated the genetic compatibility and replication efficiency of reassortants between recent isolates of an Egyptian H5N1 and a H9N2 AIV (H5N1EGY and H9N2EGY). All internal viral proteins-encoding segments of the contemporaneous G1-like H9N2EGY, expressed individually and in combination in the genetic background of H5N1EGY, were genetically compatible with the other H5N1EGY segments. At 37 °C the replication efficiencies of H5N1EGY reassortants expressing the H9N2EGY polymerase subunits PB2 and PA (H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, H5N1PA-H9N2EGY) were higher than the wild-type H5N1EGY in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-II) cells. This could not be correlated to viral polymerase activity as this was found to be improved for H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, but reduced for H5N1PA-H9N2EGY. At 33 °C and 39 °C, H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY and H5N1PA-H9N2EGY replicated to higher levels than the wild-type H5N1EGY in human Calu-3 and A549 cell lines. Nevertheless, in BALB/c mice both reassortants caused reduced mortality compared to the wild-type H5N1EGY. Genetic analysis of the polymerase-encoding segments revealed that the PAH9N2EGY and PB2H9N2EGY encode for a distinct uncharacterized mammalian-like variation (367K) and a well-known mammalian signature (591K), respectively. Introducing the single substitution 367K into the PA of H5N1EGY enabled the mutant virus H5N1PA-R367K to replicate more efficiently at 37 °C in primary human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and also in A549 and Calu-3 cells at 33 °C and 39 °C. Furthermore, H5N1PA-R367K caused higher mortality in BALB/c mice. These findings demonstrate that H5N1 (Clade 2.2.1.2) reassortants carrying internal proteins-encoding segments of G1-like H9N2 viruses can emerge and may gain improved replication fitness. Thereby such H5N1/H9N2 reassortants could augment the zoonotic potential of H5N1 viruses, especially by acquiring unique mammalian-like aa signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Giza, Egypt; (S.H.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.E.-S.)
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.M); (M.A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Giza, Egypt; (S.H.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Giza, Egypt; (S.H.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Christin Müller
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Giza, Egypt; (S.H.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Giza, Egypt; (S.H.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.E.-S.)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hanaa Z. Nooh
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Human Link, Baabda 1109, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Giza, Egypt; (S.H.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M); (M.A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.M); (M.A.A.); (S.P.)
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13
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Tsai SK, Shih CH, Chang HW, Teng KH, Hsu WE, Lin HJ, Lin HY, Huang CH, Chen HW, Wang LC. Replication of a Dog-Origin H6N1 Influenza Virus in Cell Culture and Mice. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070704. [PMID: 32629810 PMCID: PMC7412498 DOI: 10.3390/v12070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s first natural avian-origin H6N1 influenza A virus infection case in dogs was confirmed in Taiwan in 2014. The H6N1 virus in chickens has been endemic in Taiwan since 1972. Whether the dog H6N1 virus has interspecies transmission potential is the key issue we aim to understand. Following one virus passage in embryonated eggs and two further passages in MDCK cells, we obtained two virus derivatives, E01EE (PB1 739E and PB2 627E) and E01GK (PB1 739G and PB2 627K), respectively. The pathogenicity of E01EE and E01GK was investigated using plaque assay, growth dynamic analysis and cell viability quantification in cells from different animal species. The impact of amino acid mutation on PB1 739 and PB2 627 on viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) activity was also analyzed. Further mouse infection experiments were performed. The results showed that both E01EE and E01GK decreased cell relative viability of canine MDCK cells, human A549 cells and chicken DF1 cells. E01Gk caused greater cellular harm in MDCK and A549 cells and had significantly higher virus titers in all of the cells compared to E01EE. The PB2 627K but not PB1 739G was the critical mutation that influenced the viral RNP activity. Both E01EE and E01GK caused mice pneumonia and considerable virus shedding, especially E01GK. This report verifies PB2 E627K mutation in virulence and spotlights the potential for the dog H6N1 virus to extend interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Kuan Tsai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (S.-K.T.); (H.-J.L)
| | - Cheng-Hsin Shih
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); (K.-H.T.); (W.-E.H.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); (K.-H.T.); (W.-E.H.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Kuang-Huan Teng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); (K.-H.T.); (W.-E.H.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Wei-En Hsu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); (K.-H.T.); (W.-E.H.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (S.-K.T.); (H.-J.L)
| | - Han-You Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); (K.-H.T.); (W.-E.H.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-W.C.)
| | | | - Hui-Wen Chen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); (K.-H.T.); (W.-E.H.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Lih-Chiann Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); (K.-H.T.); (W.-E.H.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-W.C.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Lee CY, An SH, Choi JG, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ. Rank orders of mammalian pathogenicity-related PB2 mutations of avian influenza A viruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5359. [PMID: 32210274 PMCID: PMC7093554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The PB2 gene is one of the key determinants for the mammalian adaptation of avian influenza A viruses (IAVs). Although mammalian pathogenicity-related mutations (MPMs) in PB2 genes were identified in different genetic backgrounds of avian IAVs, the relative effects of single or multiple mutations on viral fitness could not be directly compared. Furthermore, their mutational steps during mammalian adaptation had been unclear. In this study, we collectively compared the effects of individual and combined MPMs on viral fitness and determined their rank orders using a prototypic PB2 gene. Early acquired mutations may determine the function and potency of subsequent mutations and be important for recruiting multiple, competent combinations of MPMs. Higher mammalian pathogenicity was acquired with the greater accumulation of MPMs. Thus, the rank orders and the prototypic PB2 gene may be useful for predicting the present and future risks of PB2 genes of avian and mammalian IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Identification of genome-wide nucleotide sites associated with mammalian virulence in influenza A viruses. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Zou S, Tang J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li X, Meng Y, Zhao X, Yang L, Shu Y, Wang D. Molecular characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses based on poultry-related environmental surveillance in China between 2014 and 2017. Virology 2020; 542:8-19. [PMID: 31957664 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The H3 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a threat to both animal and human health. In this study, phylogenetic analysis showed that the H3 AIVs had various genomic constellations and extensive reassortments, increasing genetic diversity and the emergence of new pathogenic viruses that might infect human beings. Molecular analysis demonstrated that the major molecular markers linked to drug resistance were identified in M genes of three studied viruses, and there might be wide range of resistant virus infections in poultry in the future. Although all the H3 viruses preferentially bound to the avian-type receptor, the growth kinetics experiments showed that the selected H3 viruses were capable of efficient replication in mammalian cells, suggesting a potential cross-species transmission of H3 viruses. Overall, our results emphasize the need for continued surveillance of H3 outbreaks and may also help us improve knowledge on H3 AIVs prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Zou
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Liu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyan Li
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Meng
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Infection of Human Tracheal Epithelial Cells by H5 Avian Influenza Virus Is Regulated by the Acid Stability of Hemagglutinin and the pH of Target Cell Endosomes. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010082. [PMID: 31936692 PMCID: PMC7019350 DOI: 10.3390/v12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the possible relationships between tracheal infection and concomitant infection of the terminal part of the lower respiratory tract (bronchioles/alveoli), the behavior of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), such as H5N1, in the conducting airways is unclear. To examine the tropism of AIVs for cells lining the conducting airways of humans, we established human tracheal epithelial cell clones (HTEpC-Ts) and examined their susceptibility to infection by AIVs. The HTEpC-Ts showed differing susceptibility to H5N1 and non-zoonotic AIVs. Viral receptors expressed by HTEpC-Ts bound all viruses; however, the endosomal pH was associated with the overall susceptibility to infection by AIVs. Moreover, H5N1 hemagglutinin broadened viral tropism to include HTEpC-Ts, because it had a higher pH threshold for viral-cell membrane fusion. Thus, H5N1 viruses infect human tracheal epithelial cells as a result of their higher pH threshold for membrane fusion which may be one mechanism underlying H5N1 pathogenesis in human airway epithelia. Efficient replication of H5N1 in the conducting airways of humans may facilitate infection of the lower respiratory tract.
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18
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Ivan FX, Kwoh CK. Rule-based meta-analysis reveals the major role of PB2 in influencing influenza A virus virulence in mice. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:973. [PMID: 31874643 PMCID: PMC6929465 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) poses threats to human health and life. Many individual studies have been carried out in mice to uncover the viral factors responsible for the virulence of IAV infections. Nonetheless, a single study may not provide enough confident about virulence factors, hence combining several studies for a meta-analysis is desired to provide better views. For this, we documented more than 500 records of IAV infections in mice, whose viral proteins could be retrieved and the mouse lethal dose 50 or alternatively, weight loss and/or survival data, was/were available for virulence classification. Results IAV virulence models were learned from various datasets containing aligned IAV proteins and the corresponding two virulence classes (avirulent and virulent) or three virulence classes (low, intermediate and high virulence). Three proven rule-based learning approaches, i.e., OneR, JRip and PART, and additionally random forest were used for modelling. PART models achieved the best performance, with moderate average model accuracies ranged from 65.0 to 84.4% and from 54.0 to 66.6% for the two-class and three-class problems, respectively. PART models were comparable to or even better than random forest models and should be preferred based on the Occam’s razor principle. Interestingly, the average accuracy of the models was improved when host information was taken into account. For model interpretation, we observed that although many sites in HA were highly correlated with virulence, PART models based on sites in PB2 could compete against and were often better than PART models based on sites in HA. Moreover, PART had a high preference to include sites in PB2 when models were learned from datasets containing the concatenated alignments of all IAV proteins. Several sites with a known contribution to virulence were found as the top protein sites, and site pairs that may synergistically influence virulence were also uncovered. Conclusion Modelling IAV virulence is a challenging problem. Rule-based models generated using viral proteins are useful for its advantage in interpretation, but only achieve moderate performance. Development of more advanced approaches that learn models from features extracted from both viral and host proteins shall be considered for future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiskus Xaverius Ivan
- Biomedical Informatics Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Chee Keong Kwoh
- Biomedical Informatics Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Suttie A, Tok S, Yann S, Keo P, Horm SV, Roe M, Kaye M, Sorn S, Holl D, Tum S, Barr IG, Hurt AC, Greenhill AR, Karlsson EA, Vijaykrishna D, Deng YM, Dussart P, Horwood PF. The evolution and genetic diversity of avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in Cambodia, 2015 - 2016. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225428. [PMID: 31815945 PMCID: PMC6901181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic A(H9N2) subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were originally detected in Cambodian poultry in 2013, and now circulate endemically. We sequenced and characterised 64 A(H9N2) AIVs detected in Cambodian poultry (chickens and ducks) from January 2015 to May 2016. All A(H9) viruses collected in 2015 and 2016 belonged to a new BJ/94-like h9-4.2.5 sub-lineage that emerged in the region during or after 2013, and was distinct to previously detected Cambodian viruses. Overall, there was a reduction of genetic diversity of H9N2 since 2013, however two genotypes were detected in circulation, P and V, with extensive reassortment between the viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between A(H9N2) AIVs detected in Cambodian and Vietnamese poultry, highlighting cross-border trade/movement of live, domestic poultry between the countries. Wild birds may also play a role in A(H9N2) transmission in the region. Some genes of the Cambodian isolates frequently clustered with zoonotic A(H7N9), A(H9N2) and A(H10N8) viruses, suggesting a common ecology. Molecular analysis showed 100% of viruses contained the hemagglutinin (HA) Q226L substitution, which favours mammalian receptor type binding. All viruses were susceptible to the neuraminidase inhibitor antivirals; however, 41% contained the matrix (M2) S31N substitution associated with resistance to adamantanes. Overall, Cambodian A(H9N2) viruses possessed factors known to increase zoonotic potential, and therefore their evolution should be continually monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Songha Tok
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ponnarath Keo
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Merryn Roe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Kaye
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - San Sorn
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Davun Holl
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ian G. Barr
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aeron C. Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Greenhill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- * E-mail: (PH); (PD)
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- * E-mail: (PH); (PD)
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20
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Suttie A, Deng YM, Greenhill AR, Dussart P, Horwood PF, Karlsson EA. Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses. Virus Genes 2019; 55:739-768. [PMID: 31428925 PMCID: PMC6831541 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally, spilling over into domestic poultry and causing zoonotic infections in humans. Fortunately, AIVs are not yet capable of causing sustained human-to-human infection; however, AIVs are still a high risk as future pandemic strains, especially if they acquire further mutations that facilitate human infection and/or increase pathogenesis. Molecular characterization of sequencing data for known genetic markers associated with AIV adaptation, transmission, and antiviral resistance allows for fast, efficient assessment of AIV risk. Here we summarize and update the current knowledge on experimentally verified molecular markers involved in AIV pathogenicity, receptor binding, replicative capacity, and transmission in both poultry and mammals with a broad focus to include data available on other AIV subtypes outside of A/H5N1 and A/H7N9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew R Greenhill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul F Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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21
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Guan W, Yang Z, Wu NC, Lee HHY, Li Y, Jiang W, Shen L, Wu DC, Chen R, Zhong N, Wilson IA, Peiris M, Mok CKP. Clinical Correlations of Transcriptional Profile in Patients Infected With Avian Influenza H7N9 Virus. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1238-1248. [PMID: 29846612 PMCID: PMC6129114 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses emerged in China in 2013 and caused zoonotic disease associated with a case-fatality ratio of over 30%. Transcriptional profiles in peripheral blood reflect host responses and can help to elucidate disease pathogenesis. Methods We correlated serial blood transcriptomic profiles of patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection and determined the biological significances from the analysis. Results We found that specific gene expression profiles in the blood were strongly correlated with the Pao 2/Fio 2 ratio and viral load in the lower respiratory tract. Cell cycle and leukocyte-related immunity were activated at the acute stage of the infection while T-cell functions and various metabolic processes were associated with the recovery phase of the illness. A transition from systemic innate to adaptive immunity was found. Conclusions We developed a novel approach for transcriptomic analysis to identify key host responses that were strongly correlated with specific clinical and virologic parameters in patients with H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology
| | - Horace H Y Lee
- Hong Kong University-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Douglas C Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Malik Peiris
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.,Hong Kong University-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Chris K P Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.,Hong Kong University-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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22
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Zou S, Zhang Y, Li X, Bo H, Wei H, Dong L, Yang L, Dong J, Liu J, Shu Y, Wang D. Molecular characterization and receptor binding specificity of H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on poultry-related environmental surveillance in China between 2013 and 2016. Virology 2019; 529:135-143. [PMID: 30703577 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have become panzootic and caused sporadic human cases since 1998. Based on the poultry-related environmental surveillance data in mainland China from 2013 to 2016, a total of 68 representative environment isolates were selected and further investigated systematically. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Y280-like H9N2 viruses have been predominant during 2013-2016 and acquired multiple specific amino acid substitutions that might favor viral transmission from avian to mammalians. Additionally, the viruses have undergone dramatic evolution and reassortment, resulting in an increased genetic diversity or acting as the gene contributors to new avian viruses. Receptor-binding tests indicated that most of the H9N2 isolates bound to human-type receptor, making them easily cross the species barrier and infect human efficiently. Our results suggested that the H9N2 AIVs prevalent in poultry may pose severe public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hejiang Wei
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhang J, Su R, Jian X, An H, Jiang R, Mok CKP. The D253N Mutation in the Polymerase Basic 2 Gene in Avian Influenza (H9N2) Virus Contributes to the Pathogenesis of the Virus in Mammalian Hosts. Virol Sin 2018; 33:531-537. [PMID: 30569291 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) gene of avian influenza viruses are important signatures for their adaptation to mammalian hosts. Various adaptive mutations have been identified around the 627 and nuclear localization sequence (NLS) domains of PB2 protein, and these mutations contribute to the replicative ability of avian influenza viruses. However, few studies have focused on adaptive mutations in other regions of PB2. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of the D253N mutation in PB2 in an H9N2 virus. This mutation was found to affect an amino acid residue in the middle domain of the PB2 protein. The virus with the D253N mutation showed higher polymerase activity and transiently increased viral replication in human cells. However, the mutant did not show significant differences in viral replication in the respiratory tract of mice upon infection. Our results supported that the D253N mutation in the middle domain of PB2, similar to mutations at the 627 and NLS domains, specifically contributed to the replication of avian influenza viruses in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Rong Su
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Hongliang An
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Ronbing Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China. .,HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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24
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Tree shrew as a new animal model to study the pathogenesis of avian influenza (H9N2) virus infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:166. [PMID: 30301950 PMCID: PMC6177411 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of avian influenza virus continue to pose threats to human health. Animal models such as the mouse, ferret, and macaque are used to understand the pathogenesis of avian influenza virus infection in humans. We previously reported that the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri, family Tupaiidae), which is regarded as a “low-level primate”, has α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acid receptor distributions similar to those of humans and is potentially a useful mammalian model for studying mild human influenza (H1N1) virus infection. In this study, we used the tree shrew experimental model to investigate the pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H9N2) virus infection and the effect of the E627K mutation in the PB2 gene, an adaptation to mammalian hosts. Evidence of disease, virus titers in the upper and lower respiratory tract, histopathology and induction of proinflammatory cytokines are described. We also established ex vivo culture models of tree shrew respiratory tissues to study the tropism and replication of the H9N2 virus. Our results demonstrated that the tree shrew is a viable new in vivo experimental model for avian influenza research that provides results comparable to those observed in ferrets. The disease spectrum and pathogenesis in tree shrews correlate well with what is observed in humans.
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25
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Wu H, Yang F, Liu F, Peng X, Chen B, Cheng L, Lu X, Yao H, Wu N. Molecular characterization of H10 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Eastern China. Arch Virol 2018; 164:159-179. [PMID: 30302582 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, avian-origin H10 influenza viruses have proved capable of infecting human beings, and they pose a potential public health threat. Seven H10 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), H10N3 (n = 2), H10N7 (n = 1), and H10N8 (n = 4), were isolated from chickens in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, during surveillance of AIVs in live poultry markets in 2016 and 2017. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Zhejiang H10 strains received gene segments from H10, H3, and H7 viruses from birds in East Asia. Animal inoculation tests showed that these isolates have low pathogenicity in mice and can replicate in this species. Our findings suggest these H10 AIVs have the ability to adapt to chicken or other poultry, and highlight the need of long-term surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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26
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Yu Z, Cheng K, Sun W, Zhang X, Xia X, Gao Y. Multiple adaptive amino acid substitutions increase the virulence of a wild waterfowl-origin reassortant H5N8 avian influenza virus in mice. Virus Res 2017; 244:13-20. [PMID: 29113821 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) caused poultry outbreaks in the Republic of Korea in 2014. The novel H5N8 HPAIV has spread to Asia, Europe, and North America and caused great public concern from then on. Here, we generated mouse-adapted variants of a wild waterfowl-origin H5N8 HPAIV to identify adaptive mutants that confer enhanced pathogenicity in mammals. The mouse lethal doses (MLD50) of the mouse-adapted variants were reduced 31623-fold compared to the wild-type (WT) virus. Mouse-adapted variants displayed enhanced replication in vitro and in vivo, and expanded tissue tropism in mice. Sequence analysis revealed four amino acid substitutions in the PB2 (E627K), PA (F35S), HA (R227H), and NA (I462V) proteins. These data suggest that multiple amino acid substitutions collaboratively increase the virulence of a wild bird-origin reassortant H5N8 HPAIV and cause severe disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China.
| | - Kaihui Cheng
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250132, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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27
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Synergistic effect of PB2 283M and 526R contributes to enhanced virulence of H5N8 influenza viruses in mice. Vet Res 2017; 48:67. [PMID: 29070059 PMCID: PMC5657129 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus has caused considerable economic losses to poultry industry and poses a great threat to public health. Our previous study revealed two genetically similar HPAI H5N8 viruses displaying completely different virulence in mice. However, the molecular basis for viral pathogenicity to mammals remains unknown. Herein, we generated a series of reassortants between the two viruses and evaluated their virulence in mice. We demonstrated that 283M in PB2 is a new mammalian virulence marker for H5 viruses and that synergistic effect of amino acid residues 283M and 526R in PB2 is responsible for high virulence of the HPAI H5N8 virus. Analysis of available PB2 sequences showed that PB2 283M is highly conserved among influenza A viruses, while PB2 526R presents in most of human H3N2 and H5N1 isolates. Further study confirmed that the residues 283M and 526R had similar impacts on an HPAI H5N1 virus, suggesting that influenza viruses with both residues may replicate well in mammalian hosts. Together, these results present new insights for synergistic effect of 283M and 526R in PB2 of H5 HPAI virus on virulence to mammalian host, furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of influenza A virus.
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The PB2 mutation with lysine at 627 enhances the pathogenicity of avian influenza (H7N9) virus which belongs to a non-zoonotic lineage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2352. [PMID: 28539661 PMCID: PMC5443809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China in 2013 and has caused zoonotic disease in over 1123 persons with an overall mortality around 30%. Amino acid changes at the residues 591, 627 and 701 of polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) have been found frequently in the human H7N9 isolates but not in viruses isolated from avian species. We have recently identified a cluster of H7N9 viruses in ducks which circulated in China prior to the first recognition of zoonotic disease in 2013. These duck viruses have genetic background distinct from the zoonotic H7N9 lineage. We found that the introduction of PB2 mutation with K at 627 but not K at 591 or N at 701 to the duck H7N9 virus led to increased pathogenicity in mice. We also found that the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IP-10, MCP-1 and MIP-1α were associated with increased severity of infection. We conclude that introduction of the mammalian adaptation mutations into the PB2 gene of duck H7N9 viruses, which are genetically unrelated to the zoonotic H7N9 lineage, can also enhance pathogenicity in mice.
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