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Zhong Y, Li J, Zhu X, Huang N, Liu R, Sun R. A comprehensive review of bupleuri radix and its bioactive components: with a major focus on treating chronic liver diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118244. [PMID: 38663781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bupleuri Radix (BR) has been recognized as an essential herbal medicine for relieving liver depression for thousands of years. Contemporary research has provided compelling evidence of its pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, metabolic regulation, and anticancer properties, positioning it as a promising treatment option for various liver diseases. Hepatitis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer are among the prevalent and impactful liver diseases worldwide. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive systematic reviews that explore the prescription, bio-active components, and underlying mechanisms of BR in treating liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW To summarize the BR classical Chinese medical prescription and ingredients in treating liver diseases and their mechanisms to inform reference for further development and research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature in the last three decades of BR and its classical Chinese medical prescription and ingredients were collated and summarized by searching PubMed, Wiley, Springer, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, etc. RESULTS: BR and its classical prescriptions, such as Xiao Chai Hu decoction, Da Chai Hu decoction, Si Ni San, and Chai Hu Shu Gan San, have been utilized for centuries as effective therapies for liver diseases, including hepatitis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. BR is a rich source of active ingredients, such as saikosaponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, sterols, organic acids, and so on. These bioactive compounds exhibit a wide range of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and lipid metabolism regulation. However, it is important to acknowledge that BR and its constituents can also possess hepatotoxicity, which is associated with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and oxidative stress. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using BR in therapeutic applications to ensure the safe and appropriate utilization of its potential benefits while minimizing any potential risks. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, BR, its compounds, and its based traditional Chinese medicine are effective in liver diseases through multiple targets, multiple pathways, and multiple effects. Advances in pharmacological and toxicological investigations of BR and its bio-active components in the future will provide further contributions to the discovery of novel therapeutics for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Jianchao Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Nana Huang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Mou Z, Gong T, Wu Y, Liu J, Yu J, Mao L. The efficacy and safety of Dachaihu decoction in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1397900. [PMID: 39015790 PMCID: PMC11249752 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1397900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a common liver condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver which is not caused by alcohol. The main causes of NAFLD are obesity and insulin resistance. Dachaihu decoction (DCHD), a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to treat NAFLD by targeting different aspects of pathogenesis and is being progressively used in the treatment of NAFLD. DCHD is commonly applied in a modified form to treat the NAFLD. In light of this, it is imperative to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of DCHD in the management of NAFLD. There is a need for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of modified DCHD in treating NAFLD. Objective The objective of this meta-analysis was to systematically assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of DCHD in treating NAFLD. Methods This meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Including seven databases, both Chinese and English databases were searched for relevant studies. The quality of included studies was carefully assessed using the bias risk assessment tool in the Cochrane Handbook. Eligible articles were the source of extracted data which was meta-analyzed by using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 17.0. Results A total of 10 studies containing 825 patients were included. Compared with conventional treatments, combined treatment could clearly improve the liver function of NAFLD patients, which could reduce the levels of ALT (MD = -7.69 U/L, 95% CI: -11.88 to -3.51, p < 0.001), AST (MD = -9.58 U/L, 95% CI: -12.84 to -6.33, p < 0.01), and it also had a certain impact on regulating lipid metabolism, which could reduce the levels of TC (MD = -0.85 mmol/L, 95% CI: -1.22 to 0.48, p < 0.01), TG (MD = -0.45 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.64 to 0.21, p < 0.01). Adverse event showed that DCHD was relatively safe. Due to the inclusion of less than 10 trials in each group, it was not possible to conduct a thorough analysis of publication bias. Conclusion According to the meta-analysis, in the treatment of the NAFLD, it is clear that the combination of DCHD was advantages over conventional treatment alone in improving liver function, regulating lipid metabolism. Additionally, DCHD demonstrates a relatively safe profile. Nevertheless, due to limitations in the quality and quantity of the studies incorporated, the effectiveness and safety of DCHD remain inconclusive. Consequently, further high-quality research is imperative to furnish more substantial evidence supporting the widespread clinical application of DCHD. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023397353, CRD42023397353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Mou
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzuo Wu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lichan Mao
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Tang ZW, Zhang CE, Ma FZ, Cui YT, Ye RH, Pu SB, Ma ZJ. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi alleviates Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea and its modulatory effects on the gut microbiota. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:105973. [PMID: 38663560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The growing incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) underscores the urgency for potent treatments. This research delves into the therapeutic potential of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) root (SR) in addressing CDAD and its influence on gut microbiota. Using a CDAD mouse model and fidaxomicin as a control, SR's impact was measured through diarrhea symptoms, colonic histopathology, and C. difficile toxin levels. Employing the PacBio platform, 16S rRNA full-length gene sequencing analyzed the gut microbial composition and the effect of SR. Results revealed SR considerably alleviated diarrhea during treatment and restoration phases, with a marked decrease in colonic inflammation. C. difficile toxin levels dropped significantly with SR treatment (P < 0.001). While SR didn't augment gut microbiota's overall abundance, it enhanced its diversity. It restored levels of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, reduced Akkermansia spp. and Enterococcus spp. proportions, and modulated specific bacterial species' abundance. In essence, SR effectively mitigates CDAD symptoms, curtails inflammatory reactions, and beneficially restructures gut microbiota, suggesting its potential in advanced CDAD clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wei Tang
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhi Ma
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Tao Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Han Ye
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Biao Pu
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China.
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Fu LW, Gao Z, Zhang N, Yang N, Long HY, Kong LY, Li XY. Traditional Chinese medicine formulae: A complementary method for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117698. [PMID: 38171464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent female endocrine condition that significantly affects women of all age groups and is characterized by metabolic dysfunction. The efficacy of existing pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of PCOS remains inadequate. With a rich history and cultural significance spanning thousands of years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is extensively employed for treating a variety of ailments and can serve as a supplementary therapy for managing PCOS. Multiple clinical observations and laboratory tests have unequivocally demonstrated the substantial effectiveness and safety of TCM formulae in treating PCOS, and further investigations are currently in progress. AIM OF THE STUDY To summarize the TCM formulae commonly employed in the clinical management of PCOS, examine their therapeutic benefits, investigate their mechanism of action, active constituents, and establish the correlation between efficacy, mechanism of action, and active constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Web of Science, and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) using the following keywords: "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome", "Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoctions", "Traditional Chinese Medicine formulae", "Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Clinical Observation", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Pharmacology", and various combinations of these terms. From January 1, 2006 until October 7, 2023, (inclusive). RESULTS This paper summarized the clinical effectiveness, mechanism of action, and active components of 8 TCM formulae for the treatment of PCOS. Our research indicates that TCM formulae can potentially treat PCOS by enhancing the levels of hyperandrogenism and other endocrine hormones, decreasing insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and controlling chronic low-grade inflammation, among other modes of action. In addition, we found an association between epigenetics and TCM formulae for the treatment of PCOS. CONCLUSION TCM formulae have specific advantages in the treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). They achieve therapeutic benefits by targeting several pathways and connections, attracting considerable interest and playing a vital role in the treatment of PCOS. TCM formulae can be used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zu Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Shandong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Nan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hui-Yan Long
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ling-Yuan Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiu-Yang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Niu H, Zhou M, Zogona D, Xing Z, Wu T, Chen R, Cui D, Liang F, Xu X. Akkermansia muciniphila: a potential candidate for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370658. [PMID: 38571945 PMCID: PMC10987721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are comprehensive disease based on obesity. Numerous cumulative studies have shown a certain correlation between the fluctuating abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and the occurrence of metabolic diseases. A. muciniphila, a potential probiotic candidate colonized in the human intestinal mucus layer, and its derivatives have various physiological functions, including treating metabolic disorders and maintaining human health. This review systematically explicates the abundance change rules of A. muciniphila in metabolic diseases. It also details the high efficacy and specific molecules mechanism of A. muciniphila and its derivatives in treating obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minfeng Zhou
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- School of Acupuncture and Bone Injury, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Tu W, Nie W, Yao X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Di D, Li Z. Growth performance, lipid metabolism, and systemic immunity of weaned piglets were altered by buckwheat protein through the modulation of gut microbiota. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:15. [PMID: 38411753 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat protein (BWP) is well known for the wide-spectrum antibacterial activity and the lipid metabolism- regulating property; therefore, BWP can be applied as feed additives to improve the animal's nutritional supply. With the aim to investigate the bioactive actions of the BWP, growth performance, lipid metabolism and systemic immunity of the weaned piglets were measured, and the alterations of pig gut microbiota were also analyzed. According to the results, the growth performances of the weaned piglets which were calculated as the average daily gain (ADG) and the average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly increased when compared to the control group. Simultaneously, the serum levels of the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were decreased, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were increased in the BWP group. Moreover, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Prevotella_9, Subdoligranulum, Blautia, and other potential probiotics in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets were obviously increased in the BWP group. However, the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Campylobacter, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and other opportunistic pathogens were obviously decreased in the BWP group. In all, BWP was proved to be able to significantly improve the growth performance, lipid metabolism, and systemic immunity of the weaned piglets, and the specific mechanism might relate to the alterations of the gut microbiota. Therefore, BWP could be explored as a prospective antibiotic alternative for pig feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Tu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai, 201302, China
| | - Wansen Nie
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Di Di
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Park MC, Lee JH, Seong EJ, Lee DS, Jo EH. Chronic Atopic Dermatitis with Eosinophilia Improved by Daesiho-Tang: A Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2561-2572. [PMID: 37750085 PMCID: PMC10518174 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s424225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study is to report a case of chronic atopic dermatitis (AD) with eosinophilia, which did not respond to conventional therapy and was improved by Daesiho-tang (DSHT). Patients and Methods The patient visited our clinic with symptoms of atopic dermatitis including skin lesions and pruritus. Based on her symptoms, DSHT was prescribed. At each visit, the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and accompanying systemic symptoms (ASS) were measured. Multiple Allergen Simultaneous Test (MAST) was initially performed for 108 allergens and analyzed by Western blotting using an Alternate Scoring Method (ASM) according to the specific IgE concentration. Also, peripheral blood laboratory (Lab) tests were performed three times during the patient's visit. Results After taking DSHT, the total SCORAD score improved from 62.9 to 23.5, while the patient's ASS also improved. The DLQI score improved from 19 to 5. The total number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood, which showed a mild increase, recovered from 17.2% (0.98 x103/μL) to 4.5% (0.24 x103/μL). The total IgE slightly decreased, while AST and ALT were also restored to normal ranges. Conclusion Based on this case, DSHT is considered a potential alternative treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Support, Imsil-Gun Medical Center, Imsil, Jeollabuk-do, 55927, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Seong
- Seoul Clinic, Hanam, Gyeonggi-do, 12945, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Heui Jo
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54887, Republic of Korea
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Mukherjee S, Chakraborty M, Msengi EN, Haubner J, Zhang J, Jellinek MJ, Carlson HL, Pyles K, Ulmasov B, Lutkewitte AJ, Carpenter D, McCommis KS, Ford DA, Finck BN, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Chakraborty A. Ube4A maintains metabolic homeostasis and facilitates insulin signaling in vivo. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101767. [PMID: 37429524 PMCID: PMC10368927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defining the regulators of cell metabolism and signaling is essential to design new therapeutic strategies in obesity and NAFLD/NASH. E3 ubiquitin ligases control diverse cellular functions by ubiquitination-mediated regulation of protein targets, and thus their functional aberration is associated with many diseases. The E3 ligase Ube4A has been implicated in human obesity, inflammation, and cancer. However, its in vivo function is unknown, and no animal models are available to study this novel protein. METHODS A whole-body Ube4A knockout (UKO) mouse model was generated, and various metabolic parameters were compared in chow- and high fat diet (HFD)-fed WT and UKO mice, and in their liver, adipose tissue, and serum. Lipidomics and RNA-Seq studies were performed in the liver samples of HFD-fed WT and UKO mice. Proteomic studies were conducted to identify Ube4A's targets in metabolism. Furthermore, a mechanism by which Ube4A regulates metabolism was identified. RESULTS Although the body weight and composition of young, chow-fed WT and UKO mice are similar, the knockouts exhibit mild hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. HFD feeding substantially augments obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance in both sexes of UKO mice. HFD-fed white and brown adipose tissue depots of UKO mice have increased insulin resistance and inflammation and reduced energy metabolism. Moreover, Ube4A deletion exacerbates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and liver injury in HFD-fed mice with increased lipid uptake and lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Acute insulin treatment resulted in impaired activation of the insulin effector protein kinase Akt in liver and adipose tissue of chow-fed UKO mice. We identified the Akt activator protein APPL1 as a Ube4A interactor. The K63-linked ubiquitination (K63-Ub) of Akt and APPL1, known to facilitate insulin-induced Akt activation, is impaired in UKO mice. Furthermore, Ube4A K63-ubiquitinates Akt in vitro. CONCLUSION Ube4A is a novel regulator of obesity, insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction and NAFLD, and preventing its downregulation may ameliorate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Molee Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Eliwaza N Msengi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Jake Haubner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Matthew J Jellinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Haley L Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Kelly Pyles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Barbara Ulmasov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Andrew J Lutkewitte
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Danielle Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Anutosh Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Li J, Li D, Chen Y, Chen W, Xu J, Gao L. Gut Microbiota and Aging: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:963-986. [PMID: 37351381 PMCID: PMC10284159 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s414714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The changing composition of gut microbiota, much like aging, accompanies people throughout their lives, and the inextricable relationship between both has recently attracted extensive attention as well. Modern medical research has revealed that a series of changes in gut microbiota are involved in the aging process of organisms, which may be because gut microbiota modulates aging-related changes related to innate immunity and cognitive function. At present, there is no definite and effective method to delay aging. However, Nobel laureate Tu Youyou's research on artemisinin has inspired researchers to study the importance of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as an ancient alternative medicine, has unique advantages in preventive health care and in treating diseases as it already has formed an independent understanding of the aging system. TCM practitioners believe that the mechanism of aging is mainly deficiency, and pathological states such as blood stasis, qi stagnation and phlegm coagulation can exacerbate the process of aging, which involves a series of organs, including the brain, kidney, heart, liver and spleen. Our current understanding of aging has led us to realise that TCM can indeed make some beneficial changes, such as the improvement of cognitive impairment. However, due to the multi-component and multi-target nature of TCM, the exploration of its mechanism of action has become extremely complex. While analysing the relationship between gut microbiota and aging, this review explores the similarities and differences in treatment methods and mechanisms between TCM and Modern Medicine, in order to explore a new approach that combines TCM and Modern Medicine to regulate gut microbiota, improve immunity and delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Li
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Diabetes, Licheng District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Care, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
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Li D, Tang W, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Li S, Zhao H. An overview of traditional Chinese medicine affecting gut microbiota in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149751. [PMID: 36936157 PMCID: PMC10016694 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic metabolic disease with a complex pathophysiology, is caused by several variables. High-fat diets lead to the disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired gut barrier function in obese people. The dysbiosis and its metabolites through the intestinal barrier lead to an imbalance in energy metabolism and inflammatory response, which eventually contributes to the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Current medicines are therapeutic to obesity in the short term; however, they may bring significant physical and emotional problems to patients as major side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic methods that have definite efficacy, can be taken for a long time, and have mild adverse effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can control the gut microbiota in a multi-targeted and comprehensive manner, thereby restoring flora homeostasis, repairing damaged intestinal mucosal barriers, and eventually curbing the development of obesity. The active ingredients and compounds of TCM can restore the normal physiological function of the intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating gut microbiota to regulate energy metabolism, inhibit fat accumulation, affect food appetite, and reduce intestinal mucosal inflammatory response, thereby effectively promoting weight loss and providing new strategies for obesity prevention and treatment. Although there are some studies on the regulation of gut microbiota by TCM to prevent and treat obesity, all of them have the disadvantage of being systematic and comprehensive. Therefore, this work comprehensively describes the molecular mechanism of obesity mediated by gut microbiota based on the research state of obesity, gut microbiota, and TCM. A comprehensive and systematic summary of TCM targeting the regulation of gut microbiota for the treatment of obesity should be conducted in order to provide new strategies and ideas for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Qi Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yongyi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yingming Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Haonan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zhao,
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Han Y, Li L, Wang B. Role of Akkermansia muciniphila in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current knowledge and perspectives. Front Med 2022; 16:667-685. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang S, Hao S, Wang Q, Lou Y, Jia L, Chen D. The interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota: Global research status and trends. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1005730. [PMID: 36171760 PMCID: PMC9510645 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1005730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a crosstalk between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and gut microbiota (GM), many articles have studied and discussed the relationship between the two. The purpose of this study is to use bibliometric analysis to explore the research status and development trends of the TCM/GM research, identify and analyze the highly cited papers relating to the TCM/GM. Methods A literature search regarding TCM/GM publications from 2004 to 2021 was undertaken on August 13, 2022. The main information (full record and cited references) of publications was extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The Bibliometrix of R package, CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 830 papers were included. The publication years of papers were from 2004 to 2021. The number of papers had increased rapidly since 2018. China had the most publications and made most contributions to this field. Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were in the leading productive position in TCM/GM research, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences had the highest total citations (TC). Duan Jin-ao from Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine had the largest number of publications, and Tong Xiao-lin from China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences had the most TC. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology had the most published papers and the most TC. The main themes in TCM/GM included the role of GM in TCM treatment of glucolipid metabolism diseases and lower gastrointestinal diseases; the mechanism of interactions between GM and TCM to treat diseases; the links between TCM/GM and metabolism; and the relationship between GM and oral bioavailability of TCM. Conclusion This study gained insight into the research status, hotspots and trends of global TCM/GM research, identified the most cited articles in TCM/GM and analyzed their characteristics, which may inform clinical researchers and practitioners’ future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodong Hao
- Sixth Clinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Lou
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jia, ; Dongmei Chen,
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jia, ; Dongmei Chen,
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Recent findings in Akkermansia muciniphila-regulated metabolism and its role in intestinal diseases. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2333-2344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Z, Leng Y, Fu X, Yang C, Xie H, Yuan H, Liang Q, Gao H, Xie C. The efficacy and safety of dachaihu decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918681. [PMID: 36003504 PMCID: PMC9393237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a clinical metabolic syndrome characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which is caused by defective insulin secretion and decreased function in regulating glucose metabolism. Dachaihu Decoction (DCHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been gradually used in T2DM treatment. A comprehensive analysis on the efficacy and safety of DCHD in T2DM treatment is necessary.Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the clinical efficacy and safety of DCHD in the T2DM treatment and provide a reference for subsequent research and clinical practice.Methods: Both Chinese and English databases were searched from their inceptions to November 2021. All retrieved studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized controlled trials about DCHD on T2DM were enrolled. The quality of the literature was assessed using the bias risk assessment tool in the Cochrane Handbook. Data extraction was performed on the selected studies. Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16.0 were used for meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were also explored by using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias and the evidence quality was assessed by GRADE.Results: 17 eligible studies, involving 1,525 patients, were included in this study. Compared with conventional treatment, combined treatment with DCHD was significantly better in improving HbA1c (MD = −0.90%, 95%CI: −1.20 to −0.60, p < 0.01), FBG (MD = −1.08 mmol/L, 95%CI: −1.28 to −0.87, p < 0.01), 2hPG (MD = −1.25 mmol/L, 95%CI: −1.42 to −1.09, p < 0.01), TC (MD = −0.50 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.70 to −0.30, p < 0.01), TG (MD = −0.44 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.61 to −0.26, p < 0.01), LDL-C (MD = −0.58 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.85 to −0.31, p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (SMD = −2.04, 95%CI: −3.09 to −0.99, p < 0.01), HOMA-β (SMD = 2.48, 95%CI: 2.20 to 2.76, p < 0.01) and BMI (MD = −1.52 kg/m2, 95%CI: −2.55 to −0.49, p < 0.01). When DCHD used alone, it had a similar efficacy to conventional treatment in HbA1c (MD = −0.04%, 95%CI: −0.17 to 0.09, p = 0.57) and FBG (MD = 0.13 mmol/L, 95%CI: −0.09 to 0.36, p = 0.24). It can also reduce 2hPG, even if not as effective as conventional treatment (MD = 0.54 mmol/L, 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.89, p < 0.01). Due to the small number of included studies, it is unclear whether DCHD used alone has an improving effect on lipid metabolism, BMI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β. Analysis of adverse events showed DCHD was relatively safe. No obvious publication bias was detected by Funnel plot and Egger’s test.Conclusion: Based on this meta-analysis, we found that the combination with DCHD in the T2DM treatment has more advantages than conventional treatment alone, which can further regulate the glucose and lipid metabolism, reduce insulin resistance, improve islet function and lower BMI. DCHD alone also plays a certain role in regulating glucose. Meanwhile, DCHD is relatively safe. However, limited by the quality and quantity of included studies, the efficacy and safety of DCHD remain uncertain. More high-quality studies are still needed to provide more reliable evidence for the clinical application of DCHD.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021296718, identifier CRD42021296718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Leng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Yang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haipo Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingzhi Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunguang Xie, ; Hong Gao,
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunguang Xie, ; Hong Gao,
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The Ameliorating Effect of Lizhong-Tang on Antibiotic-Associated Imbalance in the Gut Microbiota in Mouse. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Some herbal medicines have anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal effects. This study analyzed the modulating effect of gut microbiota of anti-inflammatory herbal medicines on antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The anti-inflammatory effects of 10 herbal medicines and Lizhong-tang active compounds were studied by measuring the nitric oxide production in an in vitro experiment. This was followed by an in vivo experiment in which the anti-diarrheal effects of Lizhong-tang and Magnolia officinalis in a lincomycin-induced AAD mouse model were measured. Changes in the intestinal microflora were observed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Both Lizhong-tang and M. officinalis were effective against AAD, with Lizhong-tang’s anti-diarrheal effects being particularly effective. In addition, the active compounds of Lizhong-tang, liquiritin and 6-gingerol, inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thus showing an anti-inflammatory effect. Gut microbiota analysis showed that Lizhong-tang could alter the composition of the gut microbiota and ameliorated imbalance in the gut microbiota in a lincomycin-induced AAD mouse model.
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Alsayadi AI, Abutaha N, Almutairi BO, Al-Mekhlafi FA, Wadaan MA. Evaluating the efficacy of an innovative herbal formulation (HF6) on different human cancer cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51768-51777. [PMID: 35249198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is reported to be the leading cause of death and illness worldwide. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic activities of the polyherbal formulation HF6. HF6 was prepared by blending equal quantities of plants powder, namely, Curcuma longa, Salvia officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Capsicum annuum, Zingiber officinale, and Syzygium aromaticum, and later extracted using hexane (HF6H), chloroform (HF6C), ethyl acetate (HF6E), and methanol (HF6M) in Soxhlet apparatus. Among the four different extracts, only the hexane extract (HF6H) was significantly effective. The HF6H extract showed antioxidant and anticancer potentials against different cancer cell lines, and moderate cytotoxicity against non-cancer cells, rendering it a promising remedy. In addition, it exerted tremendous cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, Huh-7, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, LoVo, and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 2.02, 4.5, 6.9, 11.4, 23.5, and 34.7 µg/mL, respectively. The morphological hallmarks of apoptosis such as the rounding of cells, loss of contact with neighboring cells, formation of cell membrane blebbing, and microspike protrusion were detected using several different techniques. DAPI staining revealed apoptotic nuclear morphology such as condensation and DNA fragmentation. The morphological changes of MCF7 cells were also analyzed by AO/EB fluorescence staining. MCF7-stained green cells were viable cells, whereas the treated cells showed fragmented green nuclei representing early apoptosis. The phytochemical screening of HF6H showed positive results regarding the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and sterols. The GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis of the HF6H extract indicated the presence of 12 compounds, mainly trans-caryophyllene (21.55%), cis-isoeugenol (18.42%), acetyleugenol (17.53%), alpha farnesene (10.0%), and zingiberene (8.55%). However, further investigation could be carried out to examine the toxicity of the extract on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Alsayadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nael Abutaha
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Seo Y, Park HS, Kim H, Kim KW, Cho JH, Chung WS, Song MY. A bibliometric analysis of research on herbal medicine for obesity over the past 20 years. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29240. [PMID: 35687773 PMCID: PMC9276338 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze published papers on the use of herbal medicine in obesity research over the past 20 years using bibliometric methods and present an overview of global research trends. METHODS English articles on herbal medicine for obesity published from 2001 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database using the search terms "herbal" AND "obesity". Microsoft Office Excel was used to sort and analyze the statistical data. Bibliographic analysis and data visualization were performed using visualization of similarities viewer based on publication year, country of publication, journal, research area, author, affiliated institution, and keywords. RESULTS A total of 463 English articles were retrieved, and we observed a trend in which the number of publications on herbal medicine for obesity has gradually increased over the past 20 years. The most productive countries and research organizations in this field were Korea and Kyunghee University, respectively. Many papers have been published in research areas, such as pharmacology pharmacy and integrative complementary medicine, and the journals with the most published articles in this field were Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The main research keywords formed 3 clusters, and keywords with the most occurrences were "obesity," "adipose-tissue," and "insulin resistance." CONCLUSION This study presents an overview of the global research trend of herbal medicine for obesity from the bibliographic analysis. An increased understanding of the recently changing research topics provides a new perspective on future research directions. This study may help guide the research in the field of obesity in the future.
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases has become a severe public health problem. Gut microbiota play important roles in maintaining human health by modulating the host's metabolism. Recent evidences demonstrate that Akkermansia muciniphila is effective in improving metabolic disorders and is thus considered as a promising "next-generation beneficial microbe". In addition to the live A. muciniphila, similar or even stronger beneficial effects have been observed in pasteurized A. muciniphila and its components, including the outer membrane protein Amuc_1100, A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs), and secreted protein P9. Hence, this paper presents a systemic review of recent progress in the effects and mechanisms of A. muciniphila and its components in the treatment of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as perspectives on its future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Lili Sheng
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Houkai Li Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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Natural Ingredients from Medicine Food Homology as Chemopreventive Reagents against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Modulating Gut Microbiota Homoeostasis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226934. [PMID: 34834027 PMCID: PMC8625827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a noteworthy worldwide public health problem. It represents a complex metabolic disorder, mainly characterized as hyperglycemia and lipid dysfunction. The gut microbiota dysbiosis has been proposed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of medicine food homology (MFH) and functional food herbs (FF) to ameliorate diabetes and lead to a natural and healthy life. Hence, this review compiles some reports and findings to demonstrate that the practical use of the MFH/FF can modulate the homoeostasis of gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating the development of T2DM. The results provided useful data to support further investigation of the functional basis and application of MFH/FF to treat T2DM through maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Shaping the gut microbiota by bioactive phytochemicals: An emerging approach for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Biochimie 2021; 193:38-63. [PMID: 34688789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human digestive tract is the cottage to trillions of live microorganisms, which regulate health and illness. A healthy Gut Microbiota (GM) is necessary for preventing microbial growth, body growth, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and enhancing immunity. The equilibrium in GM's composition and the presence/absence of critical species enable specific responses to be essential for the host's better health condition. Research evidences revealed that the dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals (BPs) play an extensive and critical role in shaping the GM to get beneficial health effects. BPs are also known to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of several diseases by modulating GM-mediated cellular and molecular processes. Regular intake of BPs-rich vegetables, fruits, and herbal preparations promotes probiotic bacteria, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species, while inhibiting unwanted gut residents' development Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium etc. Upon consumption, BPs contact the GM that gets transformed before being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Biotransformation of BPs by GM is linked with the enhancement of bioactivity/toxicity diminishment of the BPs compared to parental phytochemicals. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of BPs in shaping GM for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Waseem R, Anwar S, Khan S, Shamsi A, Hassan MI, Anjum F, Shafie A, Islam A, Yadav DK. MAP/Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinase 4 Inhibitory Potential of Irisin: A New Therapeutic Strategy to Combat Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10986. [PMID: 34681645 PMCID: PMC8537121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a clinically significant protein playing a valuable role in regulating various diseases. Irisin attenuates synaptic and memory dysfunction, highlighting its importance in Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinase 4 (MARK4) is associated with various cancer types, uncontrolled neuronal migrations, and disrupted microtubule dynamics. In addition, MARK4 has been explored as a potential drug target for cancer and Alzheimer's disease therapy. Here, we studied the binding and subsequent inhibition of MARK4 by irisin. Irisin binds to MARK4 with an admirable affinity (K = 0.8 × 107 M-1), subsequently inhibiting its activity (IC50 = 2.71 µm). In vitro studies were further validated by docking and simulations. Molecular docking revealed several hydrogen bonds between irisin and MARK4, including critical residues, Lys38, Val40, and Ser134. Furthermore, the molecular dynamic simulation showed that the binding of irisin resulted in enhanced stability of MARK4. This study provides a rationale to use irisin as a therapeutic agent to treat MARK4-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Waseem
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Shama Khan
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (R.W.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, Korea
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23
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Li X, Wu D, Niu J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Yang B, Kuang H. Intestinal Flora: A Pivotal Role in Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:237-268. [PMID: 33622213 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal flora is essential for maintaining host health and plays a unique role in transforming Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as a bodyguard, has saved countless lives and maintained human health in the long history, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic. Pains of diseases have been removed from the effective TCM therapy, such as TCM preparation, moxibustion, and acupuncture. With the development of life science and technology, the wisdom and foresight of TCM has been more displayed. Furthermore, TCM has been also inherited and developed in innovation to better realize the modernization and globalization. Nowadays, intestinal flora transforming TCM and TCM targeted intestinal flora treating diseases have been important findings in life science. More and more TCM researches showed the significance of intestinal flora. Intestinal flora is also a way to study TCM to elucidate the profound theory of TCM. Processing, compatibility, and properties of TCM are well demonstrated by intestinal flora. Thus, it is no doubt that intestinal flora is a core in TCM study. The interaction between intestinal flora and TCM is so crucial for host health. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the latest results in time. This paper systematically depicted the profile of TCM and the importance of intestinal flora in host. What is more, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the latest progress of the interplay between TCM and intestinal flora to better reveal the core connotation of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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Protective Effects of Polyphenol Enriched Complex Plants Extract on Metabolic Dysfunctions Associated with Obesity and Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in High Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020302. [PMID: 33435558 PMCID: PMC7827276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, obesity is a global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence and associated health risk. It is associated with various metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain forms of cancer, and non-alcoholic liver diseases (NAFLD). Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of polyphenol enriched herbal complex (Rubus crataegifolius/ellagic acid, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge/vitexin, chlorogenic acid, Cinnamomum cassiaa/cinnamic acid) on obesity and obesity induced NAFLD in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. Methods: Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice using HFD. After 8 weeks, the mice were treated with HFD+ plants extract for 8 weeks. Body weight, food intake weekly, and blood sugar level were measured. After sacrifice, changes in the treated group’s liver weight, fat weight, serum biochemical parameters, hormone levels, and enzyme levels were measured. For histological analysis, tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil Red-O. Results: Our results showed that the herbal complex ameliorated body weight and liver weight gain, and decreased total body fat in HFD-fed animals. Post prandial blood glucose (PBG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were lower in the herbal complex-treated group than in the HFD control group. Additionally, herbal formulation treatment significantly increased HDL levels in serum and decreased TC, TG, AST, ALT, deposition of fat droplets in the liver, and intima media thickness (IMT) in the aorta. Herbal complex increased serum adiponectin and decreased serum leptin. Herbal complex also increased carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) activity and significantly decreased enzyme activity of beta-hydroxy beta methyl glutamyl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the herbal complex is an effective herbal formulation in the attenuation of obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction including NAFLD in HFD-induced mouse model.
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Abstract
Metabolic diseases are a class of diseases caused by abnormal metabolism of glucose, protein, and lipids in the body. Accumulating evidence supports the important relevance of intestinal dysbacteriosis to metabolic diseases. Specifically, intestinal dysbacteriosis may disrupt intestinal barrier function, thereby inducing endotoxemia, bile acid metabolism disorders, and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, which promote metabolic disease progression and complications. With the progression of the disease, the change in intestinal environment and the influence of drugs and diet in turn aggravate the imbalance of intestinal flora, which eventually leads to poor prognosis. This highlights the potential for developing therapies to prevent and treat metabolic diseases by changing the intestinal bacterial structure. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotic therapy, fecal bacteria transplantation, and traditional Chinese medicine can be used to treat metabolic diseases by maintaining the balance of intestinal bacteria and counteracting harmful bacterial products. This article reviews the changes of intestinal bacteria in metabolic diseases, the possible mechanism of intestinal bacteria affecting metabolic diseases, and the application of intestinal bacteria in the treatment of metabolic diseases, with an aim to provide a reference for the diagnosis and prevention of metabolic diseases by targeting intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Li
- School of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nen-Qun Xiao
- School of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- School of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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26
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Zhang HY, Tian JX, Lian FM, Li M, Liu WK, Zhen Z, Liao JQ, Tong XL. Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to improve metabolic diseases via the gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110857. [PMID: 33197760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are associated with the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have shown considerable effects in the treatment of metabolic disorders by regulating the gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Studies have shown that TCMs significantly affect glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota, particularly mucin-degrading bacteria, bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, lipopolysaccharide- and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and bacteria with bile-salt hydrolase activity. In this review, we explored potential mechanisms by which TCM improved metabolic disorders via regulating gut microbiota composition and functional structure. In particular, we focused on the protection of the intestinal barrier function, modulation of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammatory responses, regulation of the effects of SCFAs, modulation of the gut-brain axis, and regulation of bile acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism as therapeutic mechanisms of TCMs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Xing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wen-Ke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jiang-Quan Liao
- Department of National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Potential Benefits of Acupuncture and Herbs for Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation by Adipokines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3285363. [PMID: 33133214 PMCID: PMC7568779 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3285363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an organ that stores energy in the form of fats. It also has been known as an endocrine playing an integral role in metabolic homeostasis by secreting various adipokines. In obesity, the adipokine components and secretion patterns are altered toward proinflammation with weight gain, causing low chronic inflammation, which is closely linked to various metabolic diseases. Acupuncture and herbs are used for the management of obesity and its comorbidities, and it has been observed that these therapies affect the amount of expression and concentration of adipokines with improved metabolic phenotypes in both animal and human metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of adipokines and summarize beneficial effects of the treatments such as electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, catgut embedding acupuncture, and single and multiple medicinal herbs on obesity and its relations to adipokine composition. It will provide a new insight for applying adipokines as surrogate markers in complementary and alternative medicine practice.
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Liu M, Li X, Zhou S, Wang TTY, Zhou S, Yang K, Li Y, Tian J, Wang J. Dietary fiber isolated from sweet potato residues promotes a healthy gut microbiome profile. Food Funct 2020; 11:689-699. [PMID: 31909777 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of dietary fiber from sweet potato residue (SPDF) on the diversity of the gut microbiota. An in vitro batch culture system simulating the human gut was used to understand the prebiotic role of SPDF. The results showed that SPDF mediated a significant increase in the concentrations of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, whereas induced a significant decrease of Enterobacillus, Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides. The prebiotic index and Bifidobacterium/Enterobacillus value were also significantly increased in SPDF groups compared to those of the control group, suggesting that SPDF had prebiotic effects. Furthermore, to investigate the effects of SPDF on the intestinal microecosystem, diets containing different concentrations of SPDF were used to feed Wistar rats for 4 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, short chain fatty acid quantification and physiochemical property analysis in the rat feces were then conducted. The results showed that SPDF significantly increased the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio at the phylum level and the amount of Akkermansia was also increased at the genus level, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The production of propionate and butyrate in the rat feces of both 3% and 15% SPDF groups was higher than that in the control group, which was further confirmed by the decrease of pH. Additionally, SPDF supplementation in this study resulted in a higher villus height to fossa depth ratio, which indicated improved digestion and absorption in the GI tract. Our findings support the utilization of SPDF from sweet potato residue in the development of potentially prebiotic food products for improving intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 10048, China.
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29
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lu JJ, Chen YM, Tzeng CM, Liu HT, Wei H, Lai HC. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites. Protein Cell 2020; 12:394-410. [PMID: 32929698 PMCID: PMC8106560 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines, and functions to maintain host homeostasis and health. Increasing evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active metabolites. These may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of TCMs. Microbiota analyses, in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms, can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China.,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China. .,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China. .,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan, China.
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30
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Hussain A, Kwon MH, Kim HK, Lee HS, Cho JS, Lee YI. Anti-Obesity Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LB818 Is Associated with Regulation of Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:750-759. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Preventive Effects of Kaempferol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Complications in C57BL/6 Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4532482. [PMID: 32337249 PMCID: PMC7166264 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4532482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a dietary flavanol that regulates cellular lipid and glucose metabolism. Its mechanism of action in preventing hepatic steatosis and obesity-related disorders has yet to be clarified. The purpose of this research was to examine kaempferol's antiobesity effects in high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mice and to investigate its impact on their gut microbiota. Using a completely randomized design, 30 mice were equally assigned to a control group, receiving a low-fat diet, an HFD group, receiving a high-fat diet, and an HFD+kaempferol group, receiving a high-fat diet and kaempferol doses of 200 mg/kg in the diet. After eight weeks, the HFD mice displayed substantial body and liver weight gain and high blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels. However, treatment with kaempferol moderated body and liver weight gain and elevation of blood glucose and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Examination of 16S ribosomal RNA showed that HFD mice exhibited decreased microbial diversity, but kaempferol treatment maintained it to nearly the same levels as those in the control group. In conclusion, kaempferol can protect against obesity and insulin resistance in mice on a high-fat diet, partly through regulating their gut microbiota and moderating the decrease in insulin resistance.
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Han K, Kwon O, Park HJ, Jung SY, Yang C, Son CG. Effect of Daesiho-tang on obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Trials 2020; 21:128. [PMID: 32005283 PMCID: PMC6995056 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The high prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty acid disease has become an important public health problem. Daesiho-tang (DST) is an herbal medicine widely used to treat obesity, metabolic syndrome and liver diseases. This pilot study will assess the feasibility of using DST in obese patients with a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prior to undertaking a full-scale clinical trial. Methods/design This is a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, stratified, placebo-controlled pilot trial. We will recruit a total of 60 participants with NAFLD who have a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. They will take either DST or placebo (3 g, three times daily) for 12 weeks with a 4-week follow-up period. The effects of DST will be evaluated by the mean change in body weight as the primary measurement and other secondary parameters (body composition, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, hepatic fat quantification through transient elastography and a physical symptoms questionnaire). Faecal samples will be collected before and after the intervention for a gut microbial analysis. Discussion In anticipation of conducting further large-scale trials, in this study we will explore the effect of DST on weight loss and obesity-related markers, along with NAFLD-related clinical parameters, in obese patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, it will provide insight into the DST pharmacological mechanism of action through a gut microbiome analysis. Trial registration Korean Clinical Trial Registry, KCT0003554. Registered on 25 February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsun Han
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver-Immune Research Center, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Choi Y, Bose S, Shin NR, Song EJ, Nam YD, Kim H. Lactate-Fortified Puerariae Radix Fermented by Bifidobacterium breve Improved Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation via Alteration of Gut Microbial Communities. Nutrients 2020; 12:E276. [PMID: 31973042 PMCID: PMC7070547 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerariae Radix (PR), the dried root of Pueraria lobata, is reported to possess therapeutic efficacies against various diseases including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Fermentation-driven bioactivation of herbal medicines can result in improved therapeutic potencies and efficacies. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet and fructose in water with PR (400 mg/kg) or PR fermented by Bifidobacterium breve (400 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. Histological staining, qPCR, Western blot, and 16s rRNA sequencing were used to determine the protective effects of PR and fermented PR (fPR) against metabolic dysfunction. RESULTS Treatment with both PR and fPR for 10 weeks resulted in a reduction in body weight gain with a more significant reduction in the latter group. Lactate, important for energy metabolism and homeostasis, was increased during fermentation. Both PR and fPR caused significant down-regulation of the intestinal expression of the MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α genes. However, for the IL-6 and TNF-α gene expressions, the inhibitory effect of fPR was more pronounced (p < 0.01) than that of PR (p < 0.05). Oral glucose tolerance test results showed that both PR and fPR treatments improved glucose homeostasis. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the expression of hepatic gene PPARγ, a key regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism, following fPR but not PR treatment. Activation of hepatic AMPK phosphorylation was significantly enhanced by both PR and fPR treatment. In addition, both PR and fPR reduced adipocyte size in highly significant manners (p < 0.001). Treatment by fPR but not PR significantly reduced the expression of PPARγ and low-density lipoproteins in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Treatment with fPR appears to be more potent than that of PR in improving the pathways related to glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)+fructose-fed animals. The results revealed that the process of fermentation of PR enhanced lactate and facilitated the enrichment of certain microbial communities that contribute to anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Donggukro, Ilsan-donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea; (Y.C.); (N.R.S.)
| | | | - Na Rae Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Donggukro, Ilsan-donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea; (Y.C.); (N.R.S.)
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 24 55365, Korea; (E.-J.S.); (Y.-D.N.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 24 55365, Korea; (E.-J.S.); (Y.-D.N.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun 34113, Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Donggukro, Ilsan-donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea; (Y.C.); (N.R.S.)
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Kim HJ, Ko Y, Kim H, Cha YY, Jang BH, Song YK, Ko SG. A pilot study exploring the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine on Korean obese women with metabolic syndrome risk factors: Double blinded, randomized, multicenter, placebo controlled study protocol clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18955. [PMID: 32000419 PMCID: PMC7004663 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, a condition that increases one's risk for heart disease and other conditions. The prevalence of obesity and associated diseases have steadily increased among Korean adults. The effect of the herbal medicines Daesiho-tang (DSHT) and Chowiseungcheng-tang (CST) on obesity have been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Daesiho-tang and Chowiseungcheng-tang on obese Korean women with high risk for metabolic syndrome. METHODS/DESIGN This study is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-center, 3-arm, parallel group clinical trial. A total of 120 participants will be enrolled and randomly assigned to the Daesiho-tang group, the Chowiseungcheng-tang group, or the placebo group in a 1:1:1 ratio using an internet-based randomization system at visit 2. Each group will be administered DSHT, CST, or placebo 3 times per day for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is to evaluate the changes in mean body weight of participants in the DSHT and CST groups and compare with those in the placebo group, and determine their statistical significance, if any, after 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes are the following: changes in body fat percentage and body fat mass, changes in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index, changes in serum lipids, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, and C-reactive proteins (CRP) levels between visit 1 and visit 5 measurements. Changes in visceral fat volume determined through abdominal computed tomography, patient-reported health outcomes surveys-the Korean version of the Obesity-related Quality of Life and the Korean version of Eating Attitudes Test. DISCUSSION This study will provide research methodologies for evaluating the efficacy and safety of Daesiho-tang and Chowiseungcheng-tang on obese Korean women with high risk for metabolic syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02651454. Registered on 11 January 2016.Protocol version: The final approved version of the trial protocol is V1.3.(2017.11.10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-ju Kim
- Oriental Medicine Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seong-nam-si
| | - Youme Ko
- Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School
- Institute of Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation for Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju
| | - Bo-Hyoung Jang
- Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School
- Institute of Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation for Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yun-Kyung Song
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Korean Preventive Medicine, Graduate School
- Institute of Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation for Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
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Gao Y, Li H, Yang H, Su J, Huang L. The current novel therapeutic regimens for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and the potentials of Traditional Chinese Medicine in treatment of CDI. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:729-742. [PMID: 31838936 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1700905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is featured as the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and consequent mild diarrhoea or severe pseudomembranous colitis. However, the frequent recurrence of CDI following treatment course challenged the antibiotic therapy. Currently, to address the relapse of CDI, several novel therapeutic approaches have emerged, including Bezlotoxumab, SYN-004 (Ribaxamase), RBX2660, and faecal microbial transplant. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an old medical system accumulated for thousands of years. Orientated by syndrome-based treatment, TCM functions in a multicomponent and multitarget mode. This old medical system showed superiority over conventional medical treatment, particularly in the treatment of complex disorders, including CDI. In the present review, we will elaborate the TCM intervention in the management of CDI and others disorders via restoring the gut microbiota dysbiosis. We hope that this review will deepen our understanding of TCM as an alternative to CDI treatment. However, more rigorously designed basic researches and randomised controlled trials need to conduct to appraise the function mechanisms and effects of TCM. Finally, it is concluded that the combined therapeutic potentials of TCM and western medicine could be harness to resolve the recurrence and improve the outcome of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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An X, Bao Q, Di S, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhang H, Lian F, Tong X. The interaction between the gut Microbiota and herbal medicines. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Thomas SP, Shanmuganathan B, Jaiswal MK, Kumaresan A, Sadasivam SK. Legacy of a Pleistocene bacterial community: Patterns in community dynamics through changing ecosystems. Microbiol Res 2019; 226:65-73. [PMID: 31284946 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial communities are resilient to the environmental changes, yet the effect of long term ecological changes on bacterial communities remain poorly explored. To study the effect of prolonged environmental changes, a 25 m long sediment core was excavated from a paleo beach ridge located on the Cauvery delta, south east coast of India. Geological evidences suggested that the site has experienced multiple marine transgressions and regressions. The three paleosols from Vettaikaraniruppu (VKI) beach ridge, VKI-2 (2.8 m bgl; 3 kybp), VKI-5 (7.2 m bgl; 6 kybp) and VKI-14 (24.5 m bgl; 146 kybp) was chosen for bacterial community analysis based on their formation period. Bacterial community structure of paleosols was reconstructed using V3 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rDNA targeted Illumina sequencing. The VKI-5 sediment layer which formed under marine environment contained highest bacterial diversity, and the community was a mix up of terrestrial and marine bacterial population. The final community VKI-2 exhibited an approximate structural pattern witnessed in the native bacterial community VKI-14 which formed during marine regression. Furthermore, marine transgression and regression experienced in VKI resulted in the formation of distinct biogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan P Thomas
- Geobiotechnology Laboratory, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, India
| | - Anbarasu Kumaresan
- PG and Research Department of Geology, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Sadasivam
- Geobiotechnology Laboratory, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 001, Tamil Nadu, India; PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pan H, Li Z, Xie J, Liu D, Wang H, Yu D, Zhang Q, Hu Z, Shi C. Berberine Influences Blood Glucose via Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Grass Carp. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1066. [PMID: 31143174 PMCID: PMC6520828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a major pharmacological component of the Chinese herb Coptis chinensis, which has been listed in the Chinese Fisheries Pharmacopeia as a common drug for the control of bacterial fish diseases. However, BBR is poorly absorbed into the systemic circulation but is significantly accumulated in the intestine. It is difficult to explain the mechanism of clinical effects of BBR based on systemic genes and pathways; it has been proved that the function of BBR in mammals is associated with the host metabolic phenotypes mediated by the structural modulation of gut microbiota. The mechanism of pharmacological effects of BBR in fish remains unclear. Here, we fed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) a diet supplemented with BBR at a dose of 30 mg/Kg body weight daily and compared them with grass carp fed a regular fish feed diet. Biochemical analysis revealed that fish fed BBR had significantly reduced serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels, and increased TC (p < 0.05) and TG (p < 0.01) levels in the liver. Deep amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes of the gut microbiota revealed: (i) the composition of gut microbiota after BBR feeding was more diverse than that in the control group; (ii)before fish were fed BBR, the enriched operational taxonomic units (OTUs) mainly belonged to Firmicutes while most enriched OTUs came from Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes during BBR feeding and after BBR feeding stopped; (iii) the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in fish fed BBR. Spearman’s rank correlation showed that 32 berberine-OTUs were significantly negative correlated with glucose (p < 0.05). It indicates that BBR may affect the levels of serum glucose by the structural modulation of gut microbiota. Our results provide insight into the effect of BBR on fish metabolism and gut microbiomes, which would be beneficial for the fish welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duan Liu
- Business School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Deguang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Hu
- State Key Academic Discipline of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Anlu W, Dongcheng C, He Z, Qiuyi L, Yan Z, Yu Q, Hao X, Keji C. Using herbal medicine to target the “microbiota-metabolism-immunity” axis as possible therapy for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:205-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ejtahed HS, Soroush AR, Siadat SD, Hoseini-Tavassol Z, Larijani B, Hasani-Ranjbar S. Targeting obesity management through gut microbiota modulation by herbal products: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2019; 42:184-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Liu S, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Yan X. Correlation of insulin-resistance with blood fat and glucose in elder patients after surgery for hepatic carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:791-797. [PMID: 30651864 PMCID: PMC6307435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to analyze variations in blood fat, blood glucose and insulin-resistance in elder patients following surgery for hepatic carcinoma. It also investigated the correlation of insulin with the level of serum leptin and blood fat. A total of 80 patients with primary hepatic cancer who were admitted to The First Hospital of Lanzhou University for treatment between October 2014 and June 2016 were enrolled in the study. At the 1-year follow-up, the patients were divided into two groups based on their recurrence of hepatic cancer after surgery. The levels of serum leptin were detected prior to, one month and one year after surgery; the changes in blood fat, body mass index (BMI), waistline and hipline were measured at one year after surgery; alterations in the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose were measured at 2 h after meal. The fasting insulin (FINS) level and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were also measured. Correlations between serum leptin and total cholesterol, FINS and fasting blood glucose were analyzed. In the recurrence group, the levels of serum leptin and FINS level were significantly reduced, while waistline and hipline were increased, compared with the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). The BMI and fasting blood glucose in the recurrence group was significantly elevated in comparison with the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). The HOMA-IR index was significantly increased in the recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). These results indicated that following surgery for hepatic cancer, the level of serum leptin in patients with recurrence was decreased with an increase in susceptibility to abnormal metabolism of blood fat and glucose. In addition, the serum leptin was negatively correlated with the total cholesterol level and fasting blood glucose and positively correlated with the FINS level in patients. It was concluded that leptin levels decreased in patients with postoperative recurrence, as well as the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and the development of abnormal blood glucose metabolism was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Liu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Wu XM, Tan RX. Interaction between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:788-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This highlight reviews the interaction processes between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents, which may conceptualize future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
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Hypoglycemic effect of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy extracts on type 2 diabetes by regulating glucolipid metabolism and modulating gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Guruvaiah P, Guo H, Li D, Xie Z. Preventive Effect of Flavonol Derivatives Abundant Sanglan Tea on Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Complications in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091276. [PMID: 30201876 PMCID: PMC6164069 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanglan Tea (SLT) is a Chinese medicine-based formulation that is consumed as a health drink for the effective management of obesity-associated complications. However, its chemical components and mechanism of action in the prevention of hepatic steatosis and obesity-related impairments have been uncertain. In this study, we aimed to unveil the chemical profile of SLT and to explore its preventive mechanism in high-fat-diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity-related consequences in C57BL/6 mice. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of SLT indicated that analogs of quercetin and kaempferol are major compounds of flavonoids in SLT. A dietary supplement of SLT efficiently managed the blood glucose elevation, retained the serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and reduced the fat storage in the liver induced by a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism of this preventive effect is hypothesized to be related to the inhibition of over-expression of lipogenesis and adipogenesis-related genes. Overall, this study suggests that SLT, being rich in quercetin and kaempferol analogs, could be a potential food supplement for the prevention of high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponmari Guruvaiah
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Han R, Ma J, Li H. Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota. Front Med 2018; 12:645-657. [PMID: 30178233 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical "Two-hit" theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a "metabolic organ" that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Han
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Lyu M, Wang YF, Fan GW, Wang XY, Xu SY, Zhu Y. Balancing Herbal Medicine and Functional Food for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases through Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2146. [PMID: 29167659 PMCID: PMC5682319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that gut microbiota is closely associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), and alteration in microbiome compositions is also linked to the host environment. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated in-depth studies on the effects of herbal medicine and functional food on gut microbiota. Both herbal medicine and functional food contain fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides, exerting prebiotics-like activities in the prevention and treatment of CMDs. The administrations of herbal medicine and functional food lead to increased the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella, while reducing phylum Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in gut. Both herbal medicine and functional food interact with gut microbiome and alter the microbial metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are now correlated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition, trimethylamine (TMA)-N-oxide (TMAO) is recently linked to atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Moreover, gut-organs axes may serve as the potential strategy for treating CMDs with the intervention of herbal medicine and functional food. In summary, a balance between herbal medicine and functional food rich in fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides plays a vital role in modulating gut microbiota (phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella) through SCFAs, BAs, LPS and TMAO signaling regarding CMDs. Targeting gut-organs axes may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for CMDs by herbal medicine and functional food in the future. This review aims to summarize the balance between herbal medicine and functional food utilized for the prevention and treatment of CMDs through modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lyu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan-Wei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Program, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
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A Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitution Associated with Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7361896. [PMID: 29234426 PMCID: PMC5671717 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7361896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the associations among the nine types of body constitution in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight. Method Participants aged 30 to 90 years were recruited from communities in Shanghai and assessed using a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to their demographics, lifestyles, and self-reported medical history. The data of 3748 participants with complete information was available for the analysis. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis was performed to determine the associations among the TCM constitution variables and the health outcomes. Results The standards of classification and determination of the constitution in TCM were used to gauge the patients' constitution type. MLR revealed independent and significant associations among the Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient groups with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight (P < 0.10 for all). MLR revealed independent and significant associations among the Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient groups with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion Our study revealed significant negative correlations between the Qi_Deficient and Yang_Deficient groups with the outcomes of overweight, obesity, and underweight. On the other hand, positive correlations were found between Phlegm_Dampness and the outcomes of overweight and obesity.
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Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanisms and Therapy. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101124. [PMID: 29035308 PMCID: PMC5691740 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays critical roles in development of obese-related metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes(T2D), and insulin resistance(IR), highlighting the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in these diseases. There are various ways that gut microbiota can be manipulated, including through use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and some active components from herbal medicines. In this review, we review the main roles of gut microbiota in mediating the development of NAFLD, and the advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapies for NAFLD in both the experimental and clinical studies, as well as the conclusions on the prospect of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in the future.
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Houttuynia cordata Facilitates Metformin on Ameliorating Insulin Resistance Associated with Gut Microbiota Alteration in OLETF Rats. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100239. [PMID: 28937612 PMCID: PMC5664089 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin and Houttuynia cordata are representative anti-diabetic therapeutics in western and oriental medicine, respectively. The current study examined the synergistic anti-diabetic effect of Houttuynia cordata extraction (HCE) and metformin combination in Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Fecal microbiota were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR. Combining HCE + metformin resulted in significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT))—the same as metformin alone. Particularly, results of the insulin tolerance test (ITT) showed that combining HCE + metformin dramatically improved insulin sensitivity as compared to metformin treatment alone. Both fecal and serum endotoxin, as well as cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) were significantly ameliorated by HCE + metformin compared to metformin alone. Meanwhile, the activation of AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) by metformin was distinctly enhanced by HCE. Both of HCE and metformin evidently changed the gut microbiota composition, causing the alteration of bacterial metabolite, like short-chain fatty acids. H. cordata, together with metformin, exerts intensive sensibilization to insulin; the corresponding mechanisms are associated with alleviation of endotoxemia via regulation of gut microbiota, particularly Roseburia, Akkermansia, and Gram-negative bacterium.
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