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Zhang JY, Ren CQ, Cao YN, Ren Y, Zou L, Zhou C, Peng LX. Role of MicroRNAs in Dietary Interventions for Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14396-14412. [PMID: 37782460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic syndromes pose a serious threat to human health and quality of life. A proper diet is a safe and effective strategy to prevent and control obesity, thus maintaining overall health. However, no consensus exists on the connotations of proper diet, and it is attributed to various factors, including "nutritional dark matter" and the "matrix effect" of food. Accumulating evidence confirms that obesity is associated with the in vivo levels of miRNAs, which serve as potential markers and regulatory targets for obesity onset and progression; food-derived miRNAs can regulate host obesity by targeting the related genes or gut microbiota across the animal kingdom. Host miRNAs mediate food nutrient-gut microbiota-obesity interactions. Thus, miRNAs are important correlates of diet and obesity onset. This review outlines the recent findings on miRNA-mediated food interventions for obesity, thereby elucidating their potential applications. Overall, we provide new perspectives and views on the evaluation of dietary nutrition, which may bear important implications for dietary control and obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qin Ren
- Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan, Sichuan 623002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Bajic V, Isenovic ER. Novel insights regarding the role of noncoding RNAs in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:958-976. [PMID: 37547582 PMCID: PMC10401459 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders defined by hyperglycemia induced by insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon secretion. In 2021, the global prevalence of diabetes is anticipated to be 10.7% (537 million people). Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) appear to have an important role in the initiation and progression of DM, according to a growing body of research. The two major groups of ncRNAs implicated in diabetic disorders are miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. miRNAs are single-stranded, short (17–25 nucleotides), ncRNAs that influence gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Because DM has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, it appears that novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are required to identify and treat complications associated with these diseases efficiently. miRNAs are gaining attention as biomarkers for DM diagnosis and potential treatment due to their function in maintaining physiological homeostasis via gene expression regulation. In this review, we address the issue of the gradually expanding global prevalence of DM by presenting a complete and up-to-date synopsis of various regulatory miRNAs involved in these disorders. We hope this review will spark discussion about ncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for DM. We examine and synthesize recent research that used novel, high-throughput technologies to uncover ncRNAs involved in DM, necessitating a systematic approach to examining and summarizing their roles and possible diagnostic and therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladan Bajic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Zolfaghari N, Soheili ZS, Samiei S, Latifi-Navid H, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ahmadieh H, Rezaei-Kanavi M. microRNA-96 targets the INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling axis: Association with and effect on diabetic retinopathy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15539. [PMID: 37180885 PMCID: PMC10172874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miR-96-5p is a highly expressed microRNA in the retina of subjects with diabetes. The INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling axis is the main cell signaling pathway of glucose uptake in cells. Here, we investigated the role of miR-96-5p in this signaling pathway. Methods Expression levels of miR-96-5p and its target genes were measured under high glucose conditions, in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, in the retina of AAV-2-eGFP-miR-96 or GFP intravitreal injected mice and in the retina of human donors with diabetic retinopathy (DR). MTT, wound healing, tube formation, Western blot, TUNEL, angiogenesis assays and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the retinal sections were performed. Results miR-96-5p expression was increased under high glucose conditions in mouse retinal pigment epithelial (mRPE) cells, in the retina of mice receiving AAV-2 carrying miR-96 and STZ-treated mice. Expression of the miR-96-5p target genes related to the INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway was reduced following miR-96-5p overexpression. mmu-miR-96-5p expression decreased cell proliferation and thicknesses of retinal layers. Cell migration, tube formation, vascular length, angiogenesis, and TUNEL-positive cells were increased. Conclusions In in vitro and in vivo studies and in human retinal tissues, miR-96-5p regulated the expression of the PIK3R1, PRKCE, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 genes in the INS/AKT axis and some genes involved in GLUT4 trafficking, such as Pak1, Snap23, RAB2a, and Ehd1. Because disruption of the INS/AKT/GLUT4 signaling axis causes advanced glycation end product accumulation and inflammatory responses, the inhibition of miR-96-5p expression could ameliorate DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e- Pajoohesh, 15th Km, Tehran -Karaj Highway, Tehran. P.O. Box: 14965/161, Iran.
| | - Shahram Samiei
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei-Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kumar V, Sethi B, Staller DW, Xin X, Ma J, Dong Y, Talmon GA, Mahato RI. Anti-miR-96 and Hh pathway inhibitor MDB5 synergistically ameliorate alcohol-associated liver injury in mice. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122049. [PMID: 36827892 PMCID: PMC9998370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and its complications are significant health problems worldwide. Several pathways in ALD are influenced by alcohol that drives inflammation, fatty acid metabolism, and fibrosis. Although miR-96 has become a key regulator in several liver diseases, its function in ALD remains unclear. In contrast, sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling has a well-defined role in liver disease through influencing the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the inducement of liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of miR-96 and Hh molecules in mouse and human liver samples. We showed that miR-96 and Shh were upregulated in ethanol-fed mice. Furthermore, alcoholic hepatitis (AH) patient specimens also showed upregulated FOXO3a, TGF-β1, SHH, and GLI2 proteins. We then examined the effects of Hh inhibitor MDB5 and anti-miR-96 on inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes. We identified FOXO3 and SMAD7 as direct target genes of miR-96. Inhibition of miR-96 decreased the expression of these genes in vitro in AML12 cells, HSC-T6 cells, and in vivo in ALD mice. Furthermore, MDB5 decreased HSCs activation and the expression of ECM-related genes, such as Gli1, Tgf-β1, and collagen. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with the combination of MDB5, and anti-miR-96 ameliorated ALD in mice. Our study demonstrated that this combination therapy could serve as a new therapeutic target for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bharti Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dalton W Staller
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Palihaderu PADS, Mendis BILM, Premarathne JMKJK, Dias WKRR, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Dissanayake AS, Rajapakse IH, Karunanayake P, Senarath U, Satharasinghe DA. Therapeutic Potential of miRNAs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657221130041. [PMID: 36262691 PMCID: PMC9575458 DOI: 10.1177/25168657221130041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA(miRNA)s have been identified as an emerging class for therapeutic
interventions mainly due to their extracellularly stable presence in humans and
animals and their potential for horizontal transmission and action. However,
treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus using this technology has yet been in a
nascent state. MiRNAs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Type 2
diabetes mellitus establishing the potential for utilizing miRNA-based
therapeutic interventions to treat the disease. Recently, the administration of
miRNA mimics or antimiRs in-vivo has resulted in positive modulation of glucose
and lipid metabolism. Further, several cell culture-based interventions have
suggested beta cell regeneration potential in miRNAs. Nevertheless, few such
miRNA-based therapeutic approaches have reached the clinical phase. Therefore,
future research contributions would identify the possibility of miRNA
therapeutics for tackling T2DM. This article briefly reported recent
developments on miRNA-based therapeutics for treating Type 2 Diabetes mellitus,
associated implications, gaps, and recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- PADS Palihaderu
- Department of Basic Veterinary
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of
Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - BILM Mendis
- Department of Basic Veterinary
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of
Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - JMKJK Premarathne
- Department of Livestock and Avian
Sciences, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries, and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri
Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka
| | - WKRR Dias
- Department of North Indian Music,
Faculty of Music, University of the Visual and Performing Arts, Colombo, Sri
Lanka
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences,
Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang,
Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Division of Biomedical Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus),
Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - AS Dissanayake
- Department of Clinical Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - IH Rajapakse
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - P Karunanayake
- Department of Clinical Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - U Senarath
- Department of Community Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - DA Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of
Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka,DA Satharasinghe, Department of Basic
Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,
University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
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Current Insights into miRNA and lncRNA Dysregulation in Diabetes: Signal Transduction, Clinical Trials and Biomarker Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101269. [PMID: 36297381 PMCID: PMC9610703 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most frequently occurring metabolic disorders, affecting almost one tenth of the global population. Despite advances in antihyperglycemic therapeutics, the management of diabetes is limited due to its complexity and associated comorbidities, including diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are involved in the regulation of gene expression as well as various disease pathways in humans. Several ncRNAs are dysregulated in diabetes and are responsible for modulating the expression of various genes that contribute to the 'symptom complex' in diabetes. We review various miRNAs and lncRNAs implicated in diabetes and delineate ncRNA biological networks as well as key ncRNA targets in diabetes. Further, we discuss the spatial regulation of ncRNAs and their role(s) as prognostic markers in diabetes. We also shed light on the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction with diabetes-associated ncRNAs and ncRNA-mediated epigenetic events. Lastly, we summarize clinical trials on diabetes-associated ncRNAs and discuss the functional relevance of the dysregulated ncRNA interactome in diabetes. This knowledge will facilitate the identification of putative biomarkers for the therapeutic management of diabetes and its comorbidities. Taken together, the elucidation of the architecture of signature ncRNA regulatory networks in diabetes may enable the identification of novel biomarkers in the discovery pipeline for diabetes, which may lead to better management of this metabolic disorder.
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Mohanty JN, Sahoo S, Routray SP, Bhuyan R. Does the diverse source of miRNAs affect human health? An approach towards diagnosis and therapeutic management. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wang J, Hong JT, Xiang Y, Zhang C. Do the dual-task "8-foot up and go" tests provide additional predictive value for early detection of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older women? Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2431-2439. [PMID: 35838984 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 8-Foot Up and Go (8UG) test is a widely used mobility assessment. Some dual-task mobility assessments have been developed to help detect cognitive decline. AIMS This study developed a dual-task version of 8UG test to investigate the dual-task 8UG performance and to evaluate the ability of dual-task 8UG test in detecting cognitive decline. METHODS A total of 101 eligible community-dwelling women aged 60-74 years were grouped into the mild cognitive impairment group (MCI, n = 49) and the non-cognitive impairment group (NCI, n = 52). The 8UG tests under single-task (ST), manual dual-task (MT), and cognitive dual-task (CT) conditions were performed respectively. The dual-task cost (DTC) and the correct response rate (CRR) were calculated to quantify the dual-task interference. RESULTS Participants spent more time in performing the 8UG test under dual-task conditions. No differences were observed between NCI and MCI groups for 8UG parameters under ST and MT conditions (p > 0.05). When executing CT, significant differences were found in the number of correct answers and CRR (p < 0.05). CRR showed the strongest ability to predict MCI with a cut-off point of 0.50 (71.2% sensitivity and 61.2% specificity). DISCUSSION Both manual and cognitive dual-task were found to interfere with the 8UG performance. CRR with cutoff point of 0.50 could be a potential predictor of MCI in community-dwelling older women. CONCLUSIONS The CRR of the cognitive dual-task 8UG test could be recommended as a potential predictor for the early detection of MCI in community-dwelling older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qing Yuan Huan Rd, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jin-Tao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qing Yuan Huan Rd, Shanghai, 200438, China.,School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, 650 Qing Yuan Huan Rd, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11091. [PMID: 35773270 PMCID: PMC9246852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin microdosing involves repeated self-administration of mushrooms containing psilocybin at doses small enough to not impact regular functioning. Microdose practices are diverse and include combining psilocybin with substances such as lion’s mane mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus; HE) and niacin (vitamin-B3). Public uptake of microdosing has outpaced evidence, mandating further prospective research. Using a naturalistic, observational design, we followed psilocybin microdosers (n = 953) and non-microdosing comparators (n = 180) for approximately 30 days and identified small- to medium-sized improvements in mood and mental health that were generally consistent across gender, age and presence of mental health concerns, as we all as improvements in psychomotor performance that were specific to older adults. Supplementary analyses indicated that combining psilocybin with HE and B3 did not impact changes in mood and mental health. However, among older microdosers combining psilocybin, HE and B3 was associated with psychomotor improvements relative to psilocybin alone and psilocybin and HE. Our findings of mood and mental health improvements associated with psilocybin microdosing add to previous studies of psychedelic microdosing by using a comparator group and by examining the consistency of effects across age, gender, and mental health. Findings regarding the combination of psilocybin, HE and B3 are novel and highlight the need for further research to confirm and elucidate these apparent effects.
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10
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Qian G, Morral N. Role of non-coding RNAs on liver metabolism and NAFLD pathogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:R4-R21. [PMID: 35417923 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are major contributors to the growing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver condition characterized by accumulation of fat in individuals without a significant amount of alcohol intake. The NAFLD spectrum ranges from simple steatosis (early stages, known as NAFL), to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD are strongly associated with insulin resistance. In the liver, insulin resistance increases hepatic glucose output, lipogenesis, and VLDL secretion, leading to a combination of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of insulin resistance. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as prominent regulators of gene expression that operate at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. In the last couple of decades a wealth of studies have provided evidence that most processes of liver metabolism are orchestrated by ncRNAs. This review focuses on the role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs as coordinators of hepatic function, as well as the current understanding on how their dysregulation contributes to abnormal metabolism and pathophysiology in animal models of insulin resistance and NAFLD. Moreover, ncRNAs are emerging as useful biomarkers that may be able to discriminate between the different stages of NAFLD. The potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic drugs for NAFLD treatment and as biomarkers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Qian
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Núria Morral
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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11
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Nguyen MT, Min KH, Lee W. MiR-183-5p Induced by Saturated Fatty Acids Hinders Insulin Signaling by Downregulating IRS-1 in Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062979. [PMID: 35328400 PMCID: PMC8953084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive saturated fatty acids (SFA) uptake is known to be a primary cause of obesity, a widely acknowledged risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although specific microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting insulin signaling intermediates are dysregulated by SFA, their effects on insulin signaling and sensitivity are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of SFA-induced miR-183-5p in the regulation of proximal insulin signaling molecules and the development of hepatic insulin resistance. HepG2 hepatocytes treated with palmitate and the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice exhibited impaired insulin signaling resulting from dramatic reductions in the protein expressions of insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Differential expression analysis showed the level of miR-183-5p, which tentatively targets the 3'UTR of IRS-1, was significantly elevated in palmitate-treated HepG2 hepatocytes and the livers of HFD-fed mice. Dual-luciferase analysis showed miR-183-5p bound directly to the 3'UTR of IRS-1 and reduced IRS-1 expression at the post-transcriptional stage. Moreover, transfection of HepG2 hepatocytes with miR-183-5p mimic significantly inhibited IRS-1 expression and hindered insulin signaling, consequently inhibiting insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Collectively, this study reveals a novel mechanism whereby miR-183-5p induction by SFA impairs insulin signaling and suggests miR-183-5p plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance in the background of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.-H.M.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Min
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.-H.M.)
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.-H.M.)
- Channelopathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-770-2409
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12
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Comparison of phenolic compounds contained in Aquilaria leaves of different species. J Nat Med 2022; 76:693-702. [PMID: 35157186 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Leaves of Aquilaria plants contain a variety of phenolic compounds such as iriflophenone glycosides, mangiferin, and genkwanin. Previous studies showed that Aquilaria leaf extracts exhibit many pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic and laxative effects. However, a few studies have reported differences in the chemical content and compositions of Aquilaria species. Here, three Aquilaria species were identified using matK and trnL-trnF sequences and their leaves were analyzed by HPLC and LC/MS. Comparison of the chemical components and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of the three species showed that the level of iriflophenone glycosides in A. rugosa was higher than in A. sinensis and A. crassna. There was no difference in the α-glucosidase inhibition activity of leaf extracts of the three species, but the strength of the inhibition activity can possibly be explained by the total sum of active compounds in the leaf extracts.
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13
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Fabà L, de Groot N, Ramis G, Cabrera-Gómez CG, Doelman J. Serotonin receptors and their association with the immune system in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning piglets. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:8. [PMID: 35090573 PMCID: PMC8796611 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune cell activation and perpetuation of inflammation have been attributed to the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). Our hypothesis was that the 5-HT system plays a role in GI health and immunity in post-weaning piglets. A disruption of the 5-HT system post-weaning with transcriptional upregulation of 5-HT receptors may be linked to increased cytokine mRNA abundance and immune system activation.
Methods The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the relationship between 5-HT receptor expression and immune system biomarkers in piglets at 1 (n = 9) and 15 (n = 10) days post-weaning. The mRNA transcript abundance of three 5-HT receptors (5-HTR3, 5-HTR4, and 5-HTR7) measured in jejunum and colon tissues were used to determine the relationship with the immune system and jejunal morphometry at 2 timepoints post-weaning using correlations, mixed models, and multivariate analysis techniques. Results Overall, 5-HT receptor mRNA expression decreased from day 1 to day 15 post-weaning. Time × tissue interactions showed the lowest 5-HTR3 expression in the colon and lower 5-HTR7 expression in the jejunum at 15 days post-weaning. 5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4 expression were negatively associated with pro-inflammatory (IFN-ɣ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-12β) cytokines in jejunum, and with TNF-α in the colon at 1-day post-weaning. At 15 days post-weaning, 5-HTR3 in the colon was negatively associated with pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-ɣ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-12β) cytokines. Furthermore, 5-HTR7 expressed a predominantly pro-inflammatory profile (IFN-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-12α) in the jejunum at the same timepoint, whereas colonic 5-HTR7 expression was negatively correlated with IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10 and TGF-β. Lastly, positive correlations were found for increased expression of 5-HTR4 receptor with villus height, 5-HTR7 receptor expression and crypt depth, and increased expression of 5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4 receptor with villus height to crypt depth ratio at 1-day post-weaning. Conclusions The 5-HT receptor mRNA abundance was associated with the immune system and intestinal morphometry in piglets. The 5-HT receptors were highly expressed at weaning in both jejunum and colon tissues relative to 15 days post-weaning. Although a clear relationship between immune system and 5-HTR expression is observed, particularly at day 15, a cause-consequence cannot be proven with current data. Further research is warranted to elucidate the effects of 5-HT on gastrointestinal inflammation during the weaning process in piglets, which could be the basis for new interventions to ease weaning stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Fabà
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Guillermo Ramis
- Dpto. Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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14
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Namvarsigaroudi N, Fard ZT. Endometrial Expression of Insulin Signaling Pathway Genes in Pregnancy Leading to Abortion under 20 Weeks in Infertile Women: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2022; 16:286-291. [PMID: 36273315 PMCID: PMC9627012 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2021.534736.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired expression of genes which act on hormone signaling pathways is one of the factors affecting miscarriage. In this study, the expression levels of insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrates-1 (IRS-1) genes in endometrial tissue of infertile women and fertile women with miscarriage in less than twenty weeks gestation for unknown reasons were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, forty-two fertile women with children and 42 infertile women, who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF), were selected. Both groups had abortions under twenty weeks gestation for unknown reasons. The endometrial tissue of all patients was prepared to evaluate the expression of INSR and IRS-1 genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method after RNA extraction. RESULTS There was a statistically significant relationship between the expressions of INSR and IRS-1 genes in the endometrial tissue of the infertile women compared with the fertile women (P=0.002 and P=0.008, respectively). The expression level of genes was decreased in both groups by age and increasing body mass index (BMI). Comparison of genes expression levels in healthy and diabetic participants in each group showed a significant difference (P<0.0001), but no meaningful difference was indicated between diabetic infertile and fertile groups in terms of gene expression. INSR gene expression levels showed an increase in the fertile group in the second 10 weeks and a decrease in IRS-1 gene expression. But in the infertile group, both genes showed a slight increase in expression. CONCLUSION It seems a decreased expression of insulin signaling pathway genes in the endometrial tissue of infertile women can be one of reasons for unspecified abortion. These genes may be strong molecular markers for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Tahmasebi Fard
- P.O.BOX: 3973188981Department of BiologyRoudehen
BranchIslamic Azad UniversityRoudehenIran
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15
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Palihaderu PADS, Mendis BILM, Premarathne JMKJK, Dias WKRR, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Dissanayake AS, Rajapakse IH, Karunanayake P, Senarath U, Satharasinghe DA. Potential role of microRNAs in selective hepatic insulin resistance: From paradox to the paradigm. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1028846. [PMID: 36479211 PMCID: PMC9720316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical action of insulin on hepatic glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the insulin-resistant state has been of much research interest in recent years. Generally, insulin resistance would promote hepatic gluconeogenesis and demote hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The underlying major drivers of these mechanisms were insulin-dependent, via FOXO-1-mediated gluconeogenesis and SREBP1c-mediated lipogenesis. However, insulin-resistant mouse models have shown high glucose levels as well as excess lipid accumulation. As suggested, the inert insulin resistance causes the activation of the FOXO-1 pathway promoting gluconeogenesis. However, it does not affect the SREBP1c pathway; therefore, cells continue de novo lipogenesis. Many hypotheses were suggested for this paradoxical action occurring in insulin-resistant rodent models. A "downstream branch point" in the insulin-mediated pathway was suggested to act differentially on the FOXO-1 and SREBP1c pathways. MicroRNAs have been widely studied for their action of pathway mediation via suppressing the intermediate protein expressions. Many in vitro studies have postulated the roles of hepato-specific expressions of miRNAs on insulin cascade. Thus, miRNA would play a pivotal role in selective hepatic insulin resistance. As observed, there were confirmations and contradictions between the outcomes of gene knockout studies conducted on selective hepatic insulin resistance and hepato-specific miRNA expression studies. Furthermore, these studies had evaluated only the effect of miRNAs on glucose metabolism and few on hepatic de novo lipogenesis, limiting the ability to conclude their role in selective hepatic insulin resistance. Future studies conducted on the role of miRNAs on selective hepatic insulin resistance warrant the understanding of this paradoxical action of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Panduka Karunanayake
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Upul Senarath
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- *Correspondence: Dilan Amila Satharasinghe,
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16
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He C, Zhao X, Lei Y, Nie J, Lu X, Song J, Wang L, Li H, Liu F, Zhang Y, Niu Q. Whole-transcriptome analysis of aluminum-exposed rat hippocampus and identification of ceRNA networks to investigate neurotoxicity of Al. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1401-1417. [PMID: 34900398 PMCID: PMC8636738 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum is a known neurotoxin that can induce Aβ deposition and abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein, leading to Alzheimer disease (AD)-like damages such as neuronal damage and decreased learning and memory functions. In this study, we constructed a rat model of subchronic aluminum maltol exposure, and the whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on the hippocampus of the control group and the middle-dose group. A total of 167 miRNAs, 37 lncRNAs, 256 mRNAs, and 64 circRNAs expression changed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that PI3K/AKT pathway was the most enriched pathway of DEGs, and IRS1 was the core molecule in the PPI network. circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks of all DEGs, DEGs in the PI3K/AKT pathway, and IRS1 were constructed by Cytoscape. Molecular experiment results showed that aluminum inhibited the IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway and increased the content of Aβ and tau. In addition, we also constructed an AAV intervention rat model, proving that inhibition of miR-96-5p expression might resist aluminum-induced injury by upregulating expression of IRS1. In general, these results suggest that the ceRNA networks are involved in the neurotoxic process of aluminum, providing a new strategy for studying the toxicity mechanism of aluminum and finding biological targets for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanting He
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Fangqu Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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17
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Lieu CV, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus. Cells 2021; 10:3120. [PMID: 34831343 PMCID: PMC8617942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited to, the regulation of energy homeostasis, reproduction and circadian rhythms. Alterations at the hypothalamic level can lead to a myriad of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and infertility. The excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids can induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and resistance to peripheral signals, ultimately leading to hyperphagia, obesity, impaired reproductive function and disturbed circadian rhythms. This review focuses on the how the changes in the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by palmitate exposure, the most commonly consumed saturated fatty acid, and the potential involvement of microRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, can result in detrimental alterations in protein expression and content. Studying the involvement of microRNAs in hypothalamic function holds immense potential, as these molecular markers are quickly proving to be valuable tools in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin V. Lieu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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18
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Zhang L, Li X, Yu Y, Zhang L, Dong L, Gan J, Mao T, Liu T, Peng J, He L. Comparative analyses of liver transcriptomes reveal the effect of exercise on growth-, glucose metabolism-, and oxygen transport-related genes and signaling pathways in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 262:111081. [PMID: 34536566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Grass carp is one of the most common farmed fish and its growth rate has been the focus of various studies. However, the impact of long-term exercise on growth rate of juvenile grass carp has not been clearly established. In this study, a four-month exercise trial and liver transcriptome analysis were performed to investigate changes in growth, liver molecular regulatory network and key genes in grass carp. When compared to the non-exercised grass carp (N-EXF), the exercised grass carp (EXF) showed a significant improvement in growth. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed 1714 significantly up-regulated and 1672 significantly down-regulated genes. These genes were enriched in various signaling pathways. These pathways included: those associated with growth, such as the PI3K-Akt and mTOR signaling pathways; those associated with glucose metabolism, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, insulin and AMPK signaling pathways as well as those associated with oxygen transport, such as HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, PPAR and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, growth-associated genes, such as ghr, igf1 and igf1r; glucose metabolism-associated genes, such as ins and insr as well as oxygen transport-associated genes, such as vhl, pdha and epo were identified. In conclusion, long-term moderate exercise improved the growth rate of grass carp. Our findings elucidate on changes in the liver molecular regulatory network and functional genes that occur during moderate exercise in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yali Yu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lixue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Mao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jie Peng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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19
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White MF, Kahn CR. Insulin action at a molecular level - 100 years of progress. Mol Metab 2021; 52:101304. [PMID: 34274528 PMCID: PMC8551477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The availability of purified insulin allowed for the establishment of its physiological role in the regulation of blood glucose and ketones, the determination of its amino acid sequence, and the solving of its structure. Over the last 50 years, the function of insulin has been applied into the discovery of the insulin receptor and its signaling cascade to reveal the role of impaired insulin signaling-or resistance-in the progression of type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that insulin signaling can impact not only classical insulin-sensitive tissues, but all tissues of the body, and that in many of these tissues the insulin signaling cascade regulates unexpected physiological functions. Despite these remarkable advances, much remains to be learned about both insulin signaling and how to use this molecular knowledge to advance the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris F White
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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20
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Fodor A, Lazar AL, Buchman C, Tiperciuc B, Orasan OH, Cozma A. MicroRNAs: The Link between the Metabolic Syndrome and Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126337. [PMID: 34199293 PMCID: PMC8231835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of a plethora of conditions, in particular type two diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancers. MetS is a complex entity characterized by a chronic inflammatory state that implies dysregulations of adipokins and proinflammatory cytokins together with hormonal and growth factors imbalances. Of great interest is the implication of microRNA (miRNA, miR), non-coding RNA, in cancer genesis, progression, and metastasis. The adipose tissue serves as an important source of miRs, which represent a novel class of adipokines, that play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Altered miRs secretion in the adipose tissue, in the context of MetS, might explain their implication in the oncogenesis. The interplay between miRs expressed in adipose tissue, their dysregulation and cancer pathogenesis are still intriguing, taking into consideration the fact that miRNAs show both carcinogenic and tumor suppressor effects. The aim of our review was to discuss the latest publications concerning the implication of miRs dysregulation in MetS and their significance in tumoral signaling pathways. Furthermore, we emphasized the role of miRNAs as potential target therapies and their implication in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fodor
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrtion, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.L.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrada Luciana Lazar
- Department of Dermatology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.L.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristina Buchman
- Department of Oncology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.L.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Brandusa Tiperciuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Olga Hilda Orasan
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.H.O.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.H.O.); (A.C.)
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21
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El-Derany MO, AbdelHamid SG. Upregulation of miR-96-5p by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes alleviate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Emphasis on caspase-2 signaling inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114624. [PMID: 34052187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has evolved as the most common and devastating chronic liver disease. This study aimed to explore the underlined mechanism for the therapeutic potentials of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and their derived exosomes (BM-MSCs-Exo) in an experimental model of high fat diet (HFD) induced NASH. Rats were fed with HFD for 12 weeks. At the seventh week, BM-MSCs were given at a dose of 1x106 cell i.v., per rat. A total of three doses of BM-MSCs were given per each rat in six weeks. BM-MSCs-Exo were given at a dose of 15, 30 and 120 µg/kg i.v., twice per week for six weeks. Perfect homing to the liver was detected. Beneficial effects were reported to BM-MSCs or BM-MSCs-Exo cotreatment; where the highest anti-steatotic effects were attributed to BM-MSCs-Exo (120 µg/kg) showing significant downregulation of fatty acid synthesis (SREB1, 2, ACC), downregulation in lipid uptake (CD36); accompanied by significant upregulation in fatty acid oxidation (PPARα, CPT1). These events were associated with abrogation of hepatic steatosis and ballooning in HFD-induced NASH. BM-MSCs or BM-MSCs-Exo cotreatment exerted significant anti-apoptotic effects mediated by significant decrease in Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Besides, significant increase in mitochondrial mitophagy genes (Parkin, PINK1, ULK1, BNIP3L, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12) were detected in BM-MSCs or BM-MSCs-Exo cotreated groups. These findings are thought to be modulated through upregulation of miRNA-96-5p which leads to downregulation of its downstream target caspase-2. Being a critical player in NASH development, caspase-2 targeting by miRNA-96-5p could be a promising therapeutic modality to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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22
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Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on MicroRNA Expression Related to Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Human and Animal Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061830. [PMID: 34072137 PMCID: PMC8226960 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids (DFAs) play key roles in different metabolic processes in humans and other mammals. DFAs have been considered beneficial for health, particularly polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) exert their function on DFA metabolism by modulating gene expression, and have drawn great attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review explicitly examined the effects of DFAs on miRNA expression associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as inflammation, published in the last ten years. DFAs have been shown to induce and repress miRNA expression associated with metabolic disease and inflammation in different cell types and organisms, both in vivo and in vitro, depending on varying combinations of DFAs, doses, and the duration of treatment. However, studies are limited and heterogeneous in methodology. Additionally, recent studies demonstrated that high fat ketogenic diets, many enriched with saturated fats, do not increase serum saturated fat content in humans, and are not associated with increased inflammation. Thus, these findings shed light on the complexity of novel treatment and DFA interventions for metabolic disease and to maintain health. Further studies are needed to advance molecular therapeutic approaches, including miRNA-based strategies in human health and disease.
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23
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Mirzaei R, Babakhani S, Ajorloo P, Ahmadi RH, Hosseini-Fard SR, Keyvani H, Ahmadyousefi Y, Teimoori A, Zamani F, Karampoor S, Yousefimashouf R. The emerging role of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mol Med 2021; 27:34. [PMID: 33794771 PMCID: PMC8017856 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been the world's driving fatal bacterial contagious disease globally. It continues a public health emergency, and around one-third of the global community has been affected by latent TB infection (LTBI). This is mostly due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating patients with TB and LTBI. Exosomes are nanovesicles (40-100 nm) released from different cell types, containing proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, and they allow the transfer of one's cargo to other cells. The functional and diagnostic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been demonstrated in bacterial infections, including TB. Besides, it has been recognized that cells infected by intracellular pathogens such as Mtb can be secreting an exosome, which is implicated in the infection's fate. Exosomes, therefore, open a unique viewpoint on the investigative process of TB pathogenicity. This study explores the possible function of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker. Moreover, we include the latest data on the pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomal miRNAs in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ajorloo
- Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Heidari Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Oreschak K, Saba LM, Rafaels N, Ambardekar AV, Deininger KM, Page RL, Lindenfeld J, Aquilante CL. Association Between Variants in Calcineurin Inhibitor Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Genes and Renal Dysfunction in Adult Heart Transplant Recipients. Front Genet 2021; 12:658983. [PMID: 33868389 PMCID: PMC8047196 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.658983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic genes and renal dysfunction in adult heart transplant (HTx) recipients. Methods: This retrospective analysis included N = 192 patients receiving a CNI at 1-year post-HTx. Using a candidate gene approach, 93 SNVs in eight pharmacokinetic and 35 pharmacodynamic genes were chosen for investigation. The primary outcome was renal dysfunction 1-year after HTx, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <45 ml/min/1.73m2. Results: Renal dysfunction was present in 28.6% of patients 1-year after HTx. Two SNVs [transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) rs4803455 C > A and phospholipase C beta 1 (PLCB1) rs170549 G > A] were significantly associated with renal dysfunction after accounting for a false discovery rate (FDR) of 20%. In a multiple-SNV adjusted model, variant A allele carriers of TGFB1 rs4803455 had lower odds of renal dysfunction compared to C/C homozygotes [odds ratio (OR) 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.62; p = 0.002], whereas PLCB1 rs170549 variant A allele carriers had higher odds of the primary outcome vs. patients with the G/G genotype (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.21-5.84, p = 0.015). Conclusion: Our data suggest that genetic variation in TGFB1 and PLCB1 may contribute to the occurrence of renal dysfunction in HTx recipients receiving CNIs. Pharmacogenetic markers, such as TGFB1 rs4803455 and PLCB1 rs170549, could help identify patients at increased risk of CNI-associated renal dysfunction following HTx, potentially allowing clinicians to provide more precise and personalized care to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Oreschak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laura M. Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amrut V. Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Deininger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert L. Page
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christina L. Aquilante
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, United States
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25
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Konda PY, Chennupati V, Dasari S, Sharma N, Muthulingam M, Ramakrishnan R, Sade A, Jagadheeshkumar V, Natesan V, Jaiswal KK. Ethno-pharmacological insulin signaling induction of aqueous extract of Syzygium paniculatum fruits in a high-fat diet induced hepatic insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113576. [PMID: 33171270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ethnopharmacological significance of the fruits of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn (Magenta Cherry) is widely recognized in the Indian traditional medicine system to treat various disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular problems. AIM OF THE STUDY This research work investigated the supplementation of the aqueous extract of S. paniculatum fruit (AESPF) on liver function; the molecular effects on the expression of the protein of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in high-fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in the rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-fat diet was used to induce obesity in albino Wistar for 120 days. Biochemical, enzymatic, and histopathological analysis, as well as analysis of hepatic insulin resistance proteins and expression of IRS-1, were performed. RESULTS The supplementation of AESPF with a dose of 100 mg/kg bw significantly reduced bodyweight, blood sugar, insulin, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes. Hepatic insulin resistance was improved with a reduced level of IR and IRS-1 to protein levels. HFD alters the sensitivity of hepatocytes to insulin due to the down-regulation of insulin receptor proteins. CONCLUSIONS The fruits of S. paniculatum possess biological activities to alleviate all risky effects by regulating hepatic lipogenesis activity that can be used in the progress of medication for HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidyasagar Chennupati
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - Nishesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 007, India
| | - Muthukumaran Muthulingam
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Ranjani Ramakrishnan
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - Ankanna Sade
- Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | | | - Vijayakumar Natesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 007, India.
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26
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Wang H. MicroRNAs, Parkinson's Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062953. [PMID: 33799467 PMCID: PMC8001823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1% of the population over the age of 60. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects approximately 25% of adults over the age of 60. Recent studies showed that DM increases the risk of developing PD. The link between DM and PD has been discussed in the literature in relation to different mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation. In this paper, we review the common microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers of both diseases. miRNAs play an important role in cell differentiation, development, the regulation of the cell cycle, and apoptosis. They are also involved in the pathology of many diseases. miRNAs can mediate the insulin pathway and glucose absorption. miRNAs can also regulate PD-related genes. Therefore, exploring the common miRNA biomarkers of both PD and DM can shed a light on how these two diseases are correlated, and targeting miRNAs is a potential therapeutic opportunity for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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27
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Wang H. MicroRNA, Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120530. [PMID: 33255227 PMCID: PMC7760221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrinological disorder that is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the body does not respond appropriately to insulin. There are many complications of DM such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. In addition to these complications, DM was reported to be associated with different cancers. In this review, we discuss the association between DM and colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide that mostly affects older people, however, its incidence and mortality are rising among young people. We discuss the relationship between DM and CRC based on their common microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs playing important functions in cell differentiation, development, regulation of cell cycle, and apoptosis. miRNAs can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in CRC cells. miRNAs also can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, investigating the common miRNA biomarkers of both DM and CRC can shed a light on how these two diseases are correlated and more understanding of the link between these two diseases can help the prevention of both DM and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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28
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Luo Y, Guo J, Xu P, Gui R. Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Maintains Insulin Secretion by Regulating Multiple miRNAs in INS-1 832/13 Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:559267. [PMID: 33195407 PMCID: PMC7542228 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.559267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease characterized by reduced pancreatic islets β-cell mass and impaired insulin release from these cells. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a role in the progression of T2DM. Decreased serum lncRNA GAS5 levels were reported to be associated with T2DM. However, the role of GAS5 in regulating islet cell functions remain unknown. In this study, we found that the serum levels of GAS5 were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared with healthy control subjects, and the low serum GAS5 levels were associated with high levels of HbAlc and fasting glucose in patients with T2DM. In addition, we found that serum GAS5 levels were negatively correlated with the serum levels of miR-29a-3p, miR-96-3p, and miR-208a-3p in patients with T2DM. Consequently, using INS-1 832/13 rat β-cell line, we found that overexpression of GAS5 by lentivirus infection increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content compared with negative control, whereas knockdown of GAS5 expression reduced both them. Moreover, GAS5 interacted with miR-29a-3p, miR-96-3p, and miR-208a-3p in INS-1 832/13 cells, as judged by pull-down assay and dual luciferase reporter assay. GAS5 overexpression caused the decrease in expression of miR-29a-3p, miR-96-3p, and miR-208a-3p in INS-1 832/13 cells and conversely caused the increase in expression of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1. Thus, these results reveal a novel mechanism whereby GAS5 is involved in maintaining insulin secretion and may represent a novel therapeutic target for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Guo
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingsheng Xu
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Ait-Aissa K, Nguyen QM, Gabani M, Kassan A, Kumar S, Choi SK, Gonzalez AA, Khataei T, Sahyoun AM, Chen C, Kassan M. MicroRNAs and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction: key paradigms in molecular therapy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:136. [PMID: 32907629 PMCID: PMC7488343 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular health. Obesity is a global epidemic that has seen dramatic increases in both adult and pediatric populations. Obesity perturbs the integrity of normal endothelium, leading to endothelial dysfunction which predisposes the patient to cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in a variety of cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stress response; their alteration contributes to the development of many pathologies including obesity. Mediators of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction include altered endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), oxidative stress, autophagy machinery and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. All of these factors have been shown to be either directly or indirectly caused by gene regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of the therapeutic potential of miRNAs to treat obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. This may lead to the identification of new targets for interventions that may prevent or delay the development of obesity-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tahsin Khataei
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Amal M Sahyoun
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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30
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Gao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Qian J. Identification of MicroRNA-Target Gene-Transcription Factor Regulatory Networks in Colorectal Adenoma Using Microarray Expression Data. Front Genet 2020; 11:463. [PMID: 32508878 PMCID: PMC7248367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to find the key genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) and construct miRNA-target gene-TF regulatory networks to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism in colorectal adenoma (CRA). Methods Four mRNA expression datasets and one miRNA expression dataset were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CRA and normal samples. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis for DEGs was carried out utilizing the Cytoscape-plugin, known as ClueGO. These DEGs were mapped to STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Then, a miRNA-target gene regulatory network was established to screen key DEMs. In addition, similar workflow of the analyses were also performed comparing the CRC samples with CRA ones to screen key DEMs. Finally, miRNA-target gene-TF regulatory networks were constructed for these key DEMs using iRegulon plug-in in Cytoscape. Results We identified 514 DEGs and 167 DEMs in CRA samples compared to healthy samples. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in several terms and pathways, such as regulation of cell migration and bile secretion pathway. A PPI network was constructed including 325 nodes as well as 890 edges. A total of 59 DEGs and 65 DEMs were identified in CRC samples compared to CRA ones. In addition, Two key DEMs in CRA samples compared to healthy samples were identified, such as hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-96. One key DEM, hsa-miR-29c, which was identified when we compared the differentially expressed molecules found in the comparison CRA versus normal samples to the ones obtained in the comparison CRC versus CRA, was also identified in CRC samples compared to CRA ones. The miRNA-target gene-TF regulatory networks for these key miRNAs included two TFs, one TF and five TFs, respectively. Conclusion These identified key genes, miRNA, TFs and miRNA-target gene-TF regulatory networks associated with CRA, to a certain degree, may provide some hints to enable us to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Shenglai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Junbo Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
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31
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Alipoor SD, Adcock IM, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Mortaz E. A bioinformatics analysis of exosomal microRNAs released following mycobacterial infection. Int J Mycobacteriol 2020; 8:218-222. [PMID: 31512596 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_88_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a major health threat worldwide. The current TB diagnostics are suboptimal, and there is a high clinical need for identifying novel biomarkers of disease prevalence. Circulating exosomes have been currently attractive as novel biomarkers in a wide range of pathological conditions. Methods In this study, we performed bioinformatics analysis on the downstream targets of a dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) cluster induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection of human macrophages to provide greater understanding of their potential roles in disease pathogenesis. Results Our analysis demonstrated that these dysregulated miRNAs have central roles in the host metabolic and energy pathways. Conclusion This suggests that the host miRNA network is perturbed by Mycobacterium to re-patterning host metabolism machinery to favor its intracellular survival. The dysregulated miRNAs can be delivered to local and distal cells by exosomes and thereby modulate their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D Alipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Airways Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University; Immunology Section, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1819-1875. [PMID: 31434538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to enable the high-throughput characterization of metabolites from cells, organs, tissues, or biofluids. The rapid growth in metabolomics is leading to a renewed interest in metabolism and the role that small molecule metabolites play in many biological processes. As a result, traditional views of metabolites as being simply the "bricks and mortar" of cells or just the fuel for cellular energetics are being upended. Indeed, metabolites appear to have much more varied and far more important roles as signaling molecules, immune modulators, endogenous toxins, and environmental sensors. This review explores how metabolomics is yielding important new insights into a number of important biological and physiological processes. In particular, a major focus is on illustrating how metabolomics and discoveries made through metabolomics are improving our understanding of both normal physiology and the pathophysiology of many diseases. These discoveries are yielding new insights into how metabolites influence organ function, immune function, nutrient sensing, and gut physiology. Collectively, this work is leading to a much more unified and system-wide perspective of biology wherein metabolites, proteins, and genes are understood to interact synergistically to modify the actions and functions of organelles, organs, and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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33
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Su Z, Nie Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G. Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31649547 PMCID: PMC6795753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Li Y, Li C, Yang M, Shi L, Tao W, Shen K, Li X, Wang X, Yang Y, Yao Y. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of miRNAs involved in the GLUT4 pathway in T2DM in a Chinese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e907. [PMID: 31389668 PMCID: PMC6732275 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin/insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/GLUT4 pathway plays a crucial role in insulin resistance and is closely associated with T2DM. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs (such as miR‐135a, let‐7d, miR‐107, miR‐96, miR‐29a, miR‐23a, miR‐126, miR‐133a, and miR‐106b) influence the GLUT4 pathway. Methods A total of 784 subjects with T2DM and 846 nondiabetic subjects were enrolled and 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs (rs10459194 in miR‐135a‐2, rs10993081 and rs7045890 in let‐7d, rs2296616 in miR‐107, rs2402959 and rs6965643 in miR‐96, rs24168 in miR‐29a, rs3745453 in miR‐23a, rs4636297 in miR‐126, rs8089787 and rs9948906 in miR‐133a‐1 and rs999885 in miR‐106b) involved in the GLUT4 pathway were genotyped using the MassArray method in a Chinese population. Results Our data showed that the A allele of rs2402959 in miR‐96 may increase the risk of developing T2DM (p = .002, OR = 1.266; 95% CI: 1.089–1.471). The genotypes of rs3745453 in miR‐23a showed the difference between T2DM and control groups (p < .001). Moreover, for rs2402959, compared with the A/A genotype, the (G/A–G/G) genotype shows a protective effect in T2DM (p = .001, OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58–0.87). For rs3745453, compared with the (A/A–A/G) genotype, the G/G genotype increases the risk of T2DM (p < .001, OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.38–2.77). In addition, we also found that rs4636297G/G genotype was associated with lower TC in T2DM group. Conclusion Our results revealed that genetic variations in the miRNAs involved in the GLUT4 pathway were associated with T2DM susceptibility in a Chinese population, and these results emphasize the need to study the functional effects of these variations in the miRNAs involved in the GLUT4 pathway on the risk of developing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenyu Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Keyu Shen
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Healthy Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Xianli Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Niazpour F, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. The role of microRNAs in the regulation of insulin signaling pathway with respect to metabolic and mitogenic cascades: A review. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19290-19309. [PMID: 31364207 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a shared pathological condition among type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic disorders. It is growing significantly all over the world and consequently, a substantial effort is needed for developing the potential novel diagnostics and therapeutics. An insulin signaling pathway is tightly modulated by different mechanisms including the epigenetic modifications. Today, a deal of great attention has been shifted towards the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs on target proteins of the insulin signaling pathway. Noncoding RNAs are a major area of the epigenetics which control gene expression at the posttranscriptional levels and include a large class of microRNAs (miRNAs). With this in view, many studies have implicated the mediatory effects of miRNAs on the downstream metabolic and mitogenic proteins of the insulin signaling pathway. Since providing new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of IR and related metabolic traits are very significant, we intended to review the possible role of miRNAs in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway, with a primary focus on the downstream target proteins of the metabolic and mitogenic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshad Niazpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Dludla PV, Roux C, Johnson R, Ghoor S, Joubert E, Louw J, Opoku AR, Muller CJF. Aspalathin-Enriched Green Rooibos Extract Reduces Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Modulating PI3K/AKT and AMPK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030633. [PMID: 30717198 PMCID: PMC6387445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos extract (GRE) reversed palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle and 3T3-L1 fat cells by modulating key effectors of insulin signalling such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, the effect of GRE on hepatic insulin resistance is unknown. The effects of GRE on lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance using palmitate-exposed C3A liver cells and obese insulin resistant (OBIR) rats were explored. GRE attenuated the palmitate-induced impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in treated C3A cells and improved insulin sensitivity in OBIR rats. Mechanistically, GRE treatment significantly increased PI3K/AKT and AMPK phosphorylation while concurrently enhancing glucose transporter 2 expression. These findings were further supported by marked stimulation of genes involved in glucose metabolism, such as insulin receptor (Insr) and insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (Irs1 and Irs2), as well as those involved in lipid metabolism, including Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) following GRE treatment. GRE showed a strong potential to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity through the regulation of PI3K/AKT, FOXO1 and AMPK-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Candice Roux
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Samira Ghoor
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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MicroRNAs as Regulators of Insulin Signaling: Research Updates and Potential Therapeutic Perspectives in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123705. [PMID: 30469501 PMCID: PMC6321520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway is composed of a large number of molecules that positively or negatively modulate insulin specific signal transduction following its binding to the cognate receptor. Given the importance of the final effects of insulin signal transduction, it is conceivable that many regulators are needed in order to tightly control the metabolic or proliferative functional outputs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively modulate gene expression through their specific binding within the 3′UTR sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA), thus causing mRNA decoy or translational inhibition. In the last decade, miRNAs have been addressed as pivotal cellular rheostats which control many fundamental signaling pathways, including insulin signal transduction. Several studies demonstrated that multiple alterations of miRNAs expression or function are relevant for the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D); such alterations have been highlighted in multiple insulin target organs including liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Indirectly, miRNAs have been identified as modulators of inflammation-derived insulin resistance, by controlling/tuning the activity of innate immune cells in insulin target tissues. Here, we review main findings on miRNA functions as modulators of insulin signaling in physiologic- or in T2D insulin resistance- status. Additionally, we report the latest hypotheses of prospective therapies involving miRNAs as potential targets for future drugs in T2D.
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Li L, Wang S, Li H, Wan J, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Zhang C. microRNA-96 protects pancreatic β-cell function by targeting PAK1 in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biofactors 2018; 44:539-547. [PMID: 30536654 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease condition in which a woman develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy, which might be induced by multiple factors. Among those relative factors, microRNA (miRNA) is well-known to be involved in GDM development. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNA in GDM by analyzing miRNA expression profiling in placenta tissues from healthy or GDM pregnancies. We found that miR-96 was the most down-regulated miRNA in GDM samples. Furthermore, miRNA target gene prediction revealed that p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a potential target of miR-96. Functional assays showed that miR-96 enhanced β-cell function, whereas PAK1 inhibited β-cell function and cell viability. Our findings demonstrate that miR-96 plays a critical role in GDM development by regulating PAK1 expression, insulin secretion, and β-cell function. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):539-547, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jipeng Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ye D, Lou G, Zhang T, Dong F, Liu Y. MiR-17 family-mediated regulation of Pknox1 influences hepatic steatosis and insulin signaling. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6167-6175. [PMID: 30338914 PMCID: PMC6237553 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of Pknox1 is associated with hepatic glucose and lipid dysmetabolism status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanism causing Pknox1 overexpression in this pathological status remains unclear. By using miRNA target prediction programs, we found that the 3′‐UTR of the Pknox1 mRNA sequence contains highly conserved target sites of miR‐17 family. In a rat model of streptozotocin and high‐fat diet‐induced T2DM and NAFLD complication, the increased hepatic expression of Pknox1 was consistent with decreased expressions of miR‐17 family, especially miR‐17 and miR‐20a. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was observed between Pknox1 and miR‐17 and miR‐20a in free fatty acids‐induced hepatocyte steatosis. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay further showed that Pknox1 was a valid target gene of miR‐17 family. The ectopic expression of miR‐17 or miR‐20a could markedly suppress Pknox1 expression in hepatocytes. MiR‐17 or miR‐20a overexpression also resulted in significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 and L02 cells, which were determined by altered phosphorylation on insulin receptor signaling pathway proteins and decreased intracellular triglyceride and lipid accumulation, respectively. These data implicate the upregulated hepatic expression of Pknox1 in T2DM complicated with NAFLD may be caused by the reduced expression of miR‐17 family, indicating that developing miRNA‐mediated regulation strategies on Pknox1 may provide new therapeutic options for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatament of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatament of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatament of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Great strides have recently been made in elucidating the role of genetic sequence variation in diabetes pathogenesis. Increasingly, studies are focusing on other factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes, such as epigenetics, a term "traditionally" encompassing changes to the DNA that do not alter sequence and are heritable (primary methylation and histone modification) but often expanded to include microRNAs. This review summarizes latest findings on the role of epigenetics in diabetes pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies illustrate roles for methylation changes, histone modification, imprinting, and microRNAs across several diabetes types and complications. Notably, methylation changes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region have been found to precede the development of type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, lifestyle factors appear to interact with epigenetic mechanisms in pathogenesis. Emerging technologies have allowed increasingly comprehensive descriptive analysis of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetes pathogenesis which have yielded meaningful insights into effects on expression of relevant genes. These findings have the potential to inform future development of predictive testing to enable primary prevention and further work to uncover the complex pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Room 4040, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Room 4040, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Mafi A, Aghadavod E, Mirhosseini N, Mobini M, Asemi Z. The effects of expression of different microRNAs on insulin secretion and diabetic nephropathy progression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:42-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | | | - Moein Mobini
- Kinesiology Department University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
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Miao C, Xie Z, Chang J. Critical Roles of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Fatty Liver: New Advances, Challenges, and Potential Directions. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:423-449. [PMID: 29951838 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current understanding of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated modulation of the gene expression in the fatty liver as well as related signaling pathways. Because of the breadth and diversity of miRNAs, miRNAs may have a very wide variety of biological functions, and much evidence has confirmed that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. In the pathophysiological mechanism of fatty liver, miRNAs may be regulated by upstream regulators, and have their own regulatory targets. miRNAs display important roles in the pathological mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At present, most of the miRNA studies are focused on cell and tissue levels, and in vivo studies will help us elucidate the regulation of miRNAs and help us evaluate the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, there is evidence that miRNAs are involved in the mechanism of natural medicine treatment in fatty liver. Given the important roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fatty liver, we predict that studies of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fatty liver will contribute to the elucidation of fatty liver pathology and the treatment of fatty liver patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology of Tea and Food, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Zhang L, Chen ZW, Yang SF, Shaer M, Wang Y, Dong JJ, Jiapaer B. MicroRNA-219 decreases hippocampal long-term potentiation inhibition and hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by suppressing the NMDAR signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:69-77. [PMID: 29804319 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex polygenic disease that causes hyperglycemia and accounts for 90%-95% of all diabetes mellitus cases. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effects of microRNA-219 (miR-219) on inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) and apoptosis of hippocampal neuronal cells in T2DM mice through the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling pathway regulation. METHODS The T2DM mouse models were established, after which LTP in vivo was recorded by means of electrical biology, and the fasting blood glucose of mice was measured. Next, the density of pyramidal neurons in each group was calculated. Additionally, the expression levels of miR-219, the NMDAR signaling pathway [NMDAR1 (NR) 1, NR2A, and NR2B), downstream target proteins [calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)], and apoptosis-related factors [Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), c-caspase-9 and c-caspase-3] in the hippocampal tissues were determined. Finally, immunohistochemistry was applied to detect and measure the positive expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins. RESULTS The results showed that upregulation of miR-219 increases LTP and density of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal tissues of mice, while it decreases blood glucose of db/db mice. In addition, miR-219 upregulation also leads to decreased mRNA levels of NR1, NR2A, NR2B, CaMK-II, and CREB and protein levels of NR1, NR2A, NR2B, CaMK-II, CREB, p-CREB, Bax, c-caspase-9, and c-caspase-3. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-219 inhibits positive expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins, leading to the suppression of hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION The findings from this study indicated that the upregulation of miR-219 decreases LTP inhibition and hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis in T2DM mice by downregulating the NMDAR signaling pathway, therefore suggesting that MiR-219 might be a future therapeutic strategy for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Cadre Health Care, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumchi, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, China
| | - Shu-Fen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumchi, China
| | - Muyasi Shaer
- Department of Cadre Health Care, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumchi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cadre Health Care, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumchi, China
| | - Jun-Jie Dong
- Department of Cadre Health Care, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumchi, China
| | - Beili Jiapaer
- Department of Cadre Health Care, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumchi, China
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Mirra P, Nigro C, Prevenzano I, Leone A, Raciti GA, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. The Destiny of Glucose from a MicroRNA Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29535681 PMCID: PMC5834423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose serves as a primary, and for some tissues the unique, fuel source in order to generate and maintain the biological functions. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and is the direct consequence of perturbations in the glucose homeostasis. Insulin resistance, referred to as a reduced response of target tissues to the hormone, contributes to the development of hyperglycemia. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the altered glucose homeostasis are numerous and not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as regulators of the lipid and glucose metabolism and are involved in the onset of metabolic diseases. Indeed, these small non-coding RNA molecules operate in the RNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and may modulate the levels of kinases and enzymes in the glucose metabolism. Therefore, a better characterization of the function of miRNAs and a deeper understanding of their role in disease may represent a fundamental step toward innovative treatments addressing the causes, not only the symptoms, of hyperglycemia, using approaches aimed at restoring either miRNAs or their specific targets. In this review, we outline the current understanding regarding the impact of miRNAs in the glucose metabolism and highlight the need for further research focused on altered key kinases and enzymes in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mirra
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Prevenzano
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Leone
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” - CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudia Miele,
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NGS Reveals Molecular Pathways Affected by Obesity and Weight Loss-Related Changes in miRNA Levels in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010066. [PMID: 29280944 PMCID: PMC5796016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and weight loss may cause molecular changes in adipose tissue. This study aimed to characterize changes in adipose tissue miRNome in order to identify molecular pathways affected by obesity and weight changes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in 47 samples of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues from normal-weight (N), obese (O) and obese after surgery-induced weight loss (PO) individuals. Subsequently miRNA expression was validated by real-time PCR in 197 adipose tissues and bioinformatics analysis performed to identify molecular pathways affected by obesity-related changes in miRNA expression. NGS identified 344 miRNAs expressed in adipose tissues with ≥5 reads per million. Using >2 and <−2 fold change as cut-offs we showed that the expression of 54 miRNAs differed significantly between VAT-O and SAT-O. Equally, between SAT-O and SAT-N, the expression of 20 miRNAs differed significantly, between SAT-PO and SAT-N the expression of 79 miRNAs differed significantly, and between SAT-PO and SAT-O, the expression of 61 miRNAs differed significantly. Ontological analyses disclosed several molecular pathways regulated by these miRNAs in adipose tissue. NGS-based miRNome analysis characterized changes of the miRNA profile of adipose tissue, which are associated with changes of weight possibly responsible for a differential regulation of molecular pathways in adipose tissue when the individual is obese and after the individual has lost weight.
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Lin N, Niu Y, Zhang W, Li X, Yang Z, Su Q. microRNA-802 is involved in palmitate-induced damage to pancreatic β cells through repression of sirtuin 6. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11300-11307. [PMID: 31966484 PMCID: PMC6965834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acid (FFA)-induced pancreatic β-cell loss is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been documented that circulating microRNA (miR)-802 levels are significantly greater in T2DM patients than in healthy subjects. However, the role of miR-802 in FFA-induced damage to β cells is still unclear. In the present study, we measured the expression of miR-802 in the INS-1 rat insulinoma cell line after palmitate treatment for 48 h. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were conducted to determine the function of miR-802 in palmitate-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The target gene(s) of miR-802 was functionally characterized. Compared to control cells, palmitate treatment caused a time- and concentration-dependent induction of miR-802 in INS-1 cells. Knockdown of miR-802 significantly blocked palmitate-induced apoptosis and attenuated ROS formation. Moreover, miR-802 downregulation prevented the reduction of prosurvival proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL by palmitate. In contrast, ectopic expression of miR-802 stimulated apoptosis and ROS generation in INS-1 cells. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) was identified to be a direct target gene of miR-802. Overexpression of miR-802 suppressed the expression of SIRT6. Enforced expression of SIRT6 abolished the induction of apoptosis and ROS production by miR-802. Taken together, miR-802 is required for palmitate-induced damage to β cells by targeting SIRT6 and represents a potential therapeutic target for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
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47
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Yang WM, Min KH, Son YS, Park SW, Lee W. Data on the expression and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 by miR-96 in L6-GLUT4myc myocytes. Data Brief 2017; 15:728-732. [PMID: 29124099 PMCID: PMC5671482 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets containing a high saturated fatty acid (SFA) increase the risk of metabolic diseases, and microRNAs (miRNAs) induced by SFA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In a previous report, miR-96 is found to be upregulated by SFA and involved in the suppression of insulin signaling intermediates, leading to insulin resistance in hepatocytes (Yang et al., 2016) [1]. This article presents the accompanying data collected from L6-GLUT4myc myocytes to determine the effects of miR-96 on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells. The transfection of miR-96 decreased the expression of IRS-1 in myocytes. Accordingly, miR-96 inhibited the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, which led to an impairment of insulin signaling. More detailed analysis and understanding of the roles of miR-96 in diet-induced insulin resistance can be found in "Induction of miR-96 by dietary saturated fatty acids exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance through the suppression of INSR and IRS-1" (Yang et al., 2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seul Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Whan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
- Endocrine Channelopathy, Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea.Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of MedicineGyeongju-siGyeongsangbuk-do38067Republic of Korea
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48
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Quintanilha BJ, Reis BZ, Duarte GBS, Cozzolino SMF, Rogero MM. Nutrimiromics: Role of microRNAs and Nutrition in Modulating Inflammation and Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111168. [PMID: 29077020 PMCID: PMC5707640 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrimiromics studies the influence of the diet on the modification of gene expression due to epigenetic processes related to microRNAs (miRNAs), which may affect the risk for the development of chronic diseases. miRNAs are a class of non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that are usually involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by inducing mRNA degradation or translational repression by binding to a target messenger RNA. They can be controlled by environmental and dietary factors, particularly by isolated nutrients or bioactive compounds, indicating that diet manipulation may hold promise as a therapeutic approach in modulating the risk of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the influence of nutrients and bioactive compounds on the expression of miRNAs related to inflammation and chronic disease in several models (cell culture, animal models, and human trials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna J Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Z Reis
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Graziela B Silva Duarte
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia M F Cozzolino
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Miao C, Zhang G, Xie Z, Chang J. MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: new research progress and future direction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:103-112. [PMID: 28898588 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
miRNA is a short non-coding RNA that can influence mRNA processing at the post-transcriptional level. A large number of miRNAs have been found in virtually all species so far, and these small molecules play an important role in many different physiological processes and various pathologic conditions, such as cell metabolism, cancer, autoimmune disease, and diabetes mellitus. T2D arises from a dysregulated response to the elevated glucose level in the circulation. The prevalence of T2D has increased dramatically in all age groups, and T2D in older adults is associated with more T2D complications and higher mortality. Despite the existing findings describing the pathological mechanism, T2D pathology is more complex and the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of miRNA-mediated modulation of gene expression in T2D pathogenesis, as well as related signaling pathways, and insight into the important role of miRNA in various T2D complications. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic value of miRNA for T2D patients is also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Miao
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Guoxue Zhang
- b School of Science and Technology of Tea and Food, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- b School of Science and Technology of Tea and Food, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Chang
- c Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Regulation of hepatic Na+/K+-ATPase in obese female and male rats: involvement of ERK1/2, AMPK, and Rho/ROCK. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:77-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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