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Amiri S, van den Berg M, Nazem-Zadeh MR, Verhoye M, Amiri M, Keliris GA. Nodal degree centrality in the default mode-like network of the TgF344-AD Alzheimer's disease rat model as a measure of early network alterations. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38902224 PMCID: PMC11190202 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates brain network alterations in the default mode-like network (DMLN) at early stages of disease progression in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with application in the development of early diagnostic biomarkers of AD in translational studies. Thirteen male TgF344-AD (TG) rats, and eleven male wild-types (WT) littermates underwent longitudinal resting-state fMRI at the age of 4 and 6 months (pre and early-plaque stages of AD). Alterations in connectivity within DMLN were characterized by calculating the nodal degree (ND), a graph theoretical measure of centrality. The ND values of the left CA2 subregion of the hippocampus was found to be significantly lower in the 4-month-old TG cohort compared to the age-matched WT littermates. Moreover, a lower ND value (hypo-connectivity) was observed in the right prelimbic cortex (prL) and basal forebrain in the 6-month-old TG cohort, compared to the same age WT cohort. Indeed, the ND pattern in the DMLN in both TG and WT cohorts showed significant differences across the two time points that represent pre-plaque and early plaque stages of disease progression. Our findings indicate that lower nodal degree (hypo-connectivity) in the left CA2 in the pre-plaque stage of AD and hypo-connectivity between the basal forebrain and the DMLN regions in the early-plaque stage demonstrated differences in comparison to healthy controls. These results suggest that a graph-theoretical measure such as the nodal degree, can characterize brain networks and improve our insights into the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Amiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monica van den Berg
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of neuroscience, Monash university, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Marleen Verhoye
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mahmood Amiri
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Georgios A Keliris
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Institute of Computer Science, Hellas Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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2
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Schuurman T, Bruner E. A comparative anatomical network analysis of the human and chimpanzee brains. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24988. [PMID: 38877829 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Spatial interactions among anatomical elements help to identify topological factors behind morphological variation and can be investigated through network analysis. Here, a whole-brain network model of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Blumenbach 1776) is presented, based on macroanatomical divisions, and compared with a previous equivalent model of the human brain. The goal was to contrast which regions are essential in the geometric balance of the brains of the two species, to compare underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial variation, and to understand how these patterns might have influenced the evolution of human brain morphology. The human and chimpanzee brains share morphologically complex inferior-medial regions and a topological organization that matches the spatial constraints exerted by the surrounding braincase. These shared topological features are interesting because they can be traced back to the Chimpanzee-Human Last Common Ancestor, 7-10 million years ago. Nevertheless, some key differences are found in the human and chimpanzee brains. In humans, the temporal lobe, particularly its deep and medial limbic aspect (the parahippocampal gyrus), is a crucial node for topological complexity. Meanwhile, in chimpanzees, the cerebellum is, in this sense, more embedded in an intricate spatial position. This information helps to interpret brain macroanatomical change in fossil hominids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schuurman
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | - Emiliano Bruner
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofía-CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Tan Y, Shao Z, Wu K, Zhou F, He L. Resting-state brain plasticity is associated with the severity in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:450. [PMID: 38844898 PMCID: PMC11155054 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the brain mechanism of non-correspondence between imaging presentations and clinical symptoms in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients and to test the utility of brain imaging biomarkers for predicting prognosis of CSM. METHODS Forty patients with CSM (22 mild-moderate CSM, 18 severe CSM) and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for rs-fMRI and cervical spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. DTI at the spinal cord (level C2/3) with fractional anisotropy (FA) and degree centrality (DC) were recorded. Then one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to detect the group differences in the DC and FA values across the three groups. Pearson correlation analysis was then separately performed between JOA with FA and DC. RESULTS Among them, degree centrality value of left middle temporal gyrus exhibited a progressive increase in CSM groups compared with HCs, the DC value in severe CSM group was higher compared with mild-moderate CSM group. (P < 0.05), and the DC values of the right superior temporal gyrus and precuneus showed a decrease after increase. Among them, DC values in the area of precuneus in severe CSM group were significantly lower than those in mild-moderate CSM and HCs. (P < 0.05). The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the level C2/3 showed a progressive decrease in different clinical stages, that severe CSM group was the lowest, significantly lower than those in mild-moderate CSM and HCs (P < 0.05). There was negative correlation between DC value of left middle temporal gyrus and JOA scores (P < 0.001), and the FA values of dorsal column in the level C2/3 positively correlated with the JOA scores (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Structural and functional changes have taken place in the cervical spinal cord and brain of CSM patients. The Brain reorganization plays an important role in maintaining the symptoms and signs of CSM, aberrant DC values in the left middle temporal gyrus may be the possible mechanism of inconsistency between imaging findings and clinical symptoms. Degree centrality is a potentially useful prognostic functional biomarker in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Tan
- Department of Radiology, First affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ziwei Shao
- Department of Radiology, First affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kaifu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, First affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Laichang He
- Department of Radiology, First affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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4
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Saha P, Sarkar D. Characterization and Classification of ADHD Subtypes: An Approach Based on the Nodal Distribution of Eigenvector Centrality and Classification Tree Model. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:622-634. [PMID: 36100839 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, the complex network theory is increasingly applied to characterize, classify, and diagnose a broad spectrum of neuropathological conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder, and many others. Nevertheless, the diagnosis and associated subtype identification majorly rely on the baseline correlation matrix obtained from the functional MRI scan. Thus, the existing protocols are either full of personalized bias or computationally expensive as network complexity-based simple but deterministic protocols are yet to be developed and formalized. This article proposes a deterministic method to identify and differentiate the common ADHD subtypes, which is based on a single complexity measure, namely the eigenvector centrality. The node-wise centrality differences were explored using a classification tree model (p < 0.05) to diagnose the subtypes. Identification of marker nodes from default mode, visual, frontoparietal, limbic, and cerebellar networks strongly vouch for the involvement of multiple brain regions in ADHD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papri Saha
- Department of Computer Science, Derozio Memorial College, Kolkata, 700136, India.
| | - Debasish Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
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Kirkley A. Identifying hubs in directed networks. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034310. [PMID: 38632822 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nodes in networks that exhibit high connectivity, also called "hubs," play a critical role in determining the structural and functional properties of networked systems. However, there is no clear definition of what constitutes a hub node in a network, and the classification of network hubs in existing work has either been purely qualitative or relies on ad hoc criteria for thresholding continuous data that do not generalize well to networks with certain degree sequences. Here we develop a set of efficient nonparametric methods that classify hub nodes in directed networks using the Minimum Description Length principle, effectively providing a clear and principled definition for network hubs. We adapt our methods to both unweighted and weighted networks, and we demonstrate them in a range of example applications using real and synthetic network data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Kirkley
- Institute of Data Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Urban Systems Institute, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lurie DJ, Pappas I, D'Esposito M. Cortical timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26587. [PMID: 38339903 PMCID: PMC10823764 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen growing interest in characterizing the properties of regional brain dynamics and their relationship to other features of brain structure and function. In particular, multiple studies have observed regional differences in the "timescale" over which activity fluctuates during periods of quiet rest. In the cerebral cortex, these timescales have been associated with both local circuit properties as well as patterns of inter-regional connectivity, including the extent to which each region exhibits widespread connectivity to other brain areas. In the current study, we build on prior observations of an association between connectivity and dynamics in the cerebral cortex by investigating the relationship between BOLD fMRI timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks. We characterize network community structure across multiple scales and find that longer timescales are associated with greater within-community functional connectivity and diverse structural connectivity. We also replicate prior observations of a positive correlation between timescales and structural connectivity degree. Finally, we find evidence for preferential functional connectivity between cortical areas with similar timescales. We replicate these findings in an independent dataset. These results contribute to our understanding of functional brain organization and structure-function relationships in the human brain, and support the notion that regional differences in cortical dynamics may in part reflect the topological role of each region within macroscale brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Lurie
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine PittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Vaz da Luz KT, Gonçalves JP, de Lima Bellan D, Visnheski BRC, Schneider VS, Cortes Cordeiro LM, Vargas JE, Puga R, da Silva Trindade E, de Oliveira CC, Simas FF. Molecular weight-dependent antitumor effects of prunes-derived type I arabinogalactan on human and murine triple wild-type melanomas. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:108986. [PMID: 38042036 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of metastasis-related cellular aspects of two structurally similar AGIs from prunes tea infusion, with different molar masses, was studied in vitro against Triple Wild-Type metastatic melanoma (TWM) from murine and human origin. The higher molar mass AGI (AGI-78KDa) induced TWMs cells death and, in murine cell line, it decreased some metastasis-related cellular processes: invasiveness capacity, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, and colonies sizes. The lower molar mass AGI (AGI-12KDa) did not induce cell death but decreased TWMs proliferation rate and, in murine cell line, it decreased cell adhesion and colonies sizes. Both AGIs alter the clonogenic capacity of human cell line. In spite to understand why we saw so many differences between AGIs effects on murine and human cell lines we performed in silico analysis that demonstrated differential gene expression profiles between them. Complementary network topological predictions suggested that AGIs can modulate multiple pathways in a specie-dependent manner, which explain differential results obtained in vitro between cell lines. Our results pointed to therapeutic potential of AGIs from prunes tea against TWMs and showed that molecular weight of AGIs may influence their antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Taiana Vaz da Luz
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Lima Bellan
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Renata Caitano Visnheski
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suzane Schneider
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Mach Cortes Cordeiro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Renato Puga
- Hermes Pardini Institute, CEP 04038-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da Silva Trindade
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fogagnoli Simas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H Dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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8
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Gajwani M, Oldham S, Pang JC, Arnatkevičiūtė A, Tiego J, Bellgrove MA, Fornito A. Can hubs of the human connectome be identified consistently with diffusion MRI? Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:1326-1350. [PMID: 38144690 PMCID: PMC10631793 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in the use of diffusion MRI to map connectomes in humans, paralleled by a similar increase in processing and analysis choices. Yet these different steps and their effects are rarely compared systematically. Here, in a healthy young adult population (n = 294), we characterized the impact of a range of analysis pipelines on one widely studied property of the human connectome: its degree distribution. We evaluated the effects of 40 pipelines (comparing common choices of parcellation, streamline seeding, tractography algorithm, and streamline propagation constraint) and 44 group-representative connectome reconstruction schemes on highly connected hub regions. We found that hub location is highly variable between pipelines. The choice of parcellation has a major influence on hub architecture, and hub connectivity is highly correlated with regional surface area in most of the assessed pipelines (ρ > 0.70 in 69% of the pipelines), particularly when using weighted networks. Overall, our results demonstrate the need for prudent decision-making when processing diffusion MRI data, and for carefully considering how different processing choices can influence connectome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Gajwani
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Oldham
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James C. Pang
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Jana D, Malama S, Narasimhan S, Taciroglu E. Edge-based graph neural network for ranking critical road segments in a network. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296045. [PMID: 38127943 PMCID: PMC10734987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation networks play a crucial role in society by enabling the smooth movement of people and goods during regular times and acting as arteries for evacuations during catastrophes and natural disasters. Identifying the critical road segments in a large and complex network is essential for planners and emergency managers to enhance the network's efficiency, robustness, and resilience to such stressors. We propose a novel approach to rapidly identify critical and vital network components (road segments in a transportation network) for resilience improvement or post-disaster recovery. We pose the transportation network as a graph with roads as edges and intersections as nodes and deploy a Graph Neural Network (GNN) trained on a broad range of network parameter changes and disruption events to rank the importance of road segments. The trained GNN model can rapidly estimate the criticality rank of individual road segments in the modified network resulting from an interruption. We address two main limitations in the existing literature that can arise in capital planning or during emergencies: ranking a complete network after changes to components and addressing situations in post-disaster recovery sequencing where some critical segments cannot be recovered. Importantly, our approach overcomes the computational overhead associated with the repeated calculation of network performance metrics, which can limit its use in large networks. To highlight scenarios where our method can prove beneficial, we present examples of synthetic graphs and two real-world transportation networks. Through these examples, we show how our method can support planners and emergency managers in undertaking rapid decisions for planning infrastructure hardening measures in large networks or during emergencies, which otherwise would require repeated ranking calculations for the entire network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Jana
- Samueli Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sven Malama
- Samueli Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sriram Narasimhan
- Samueli Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Samueli Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ertugrul Taciroglu
- Samueli Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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10
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Xu Z, Tang S, Liu C, Zhang Q, Gu H, Li X, Di Z, Li Z. Temporal segmentation of EEG based on functional connectivity network structure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22566. [PMID: 38114604 PMCID: PMC10730570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study of brain functional connectivity networks, it is assumed that a network is built from a data window in which activity is stationary. However, brain activity is non-stationary over sufficiently large time periods. Addressing the analysis electroencephalograph (EEG) data, we propose a data segmentation method based on functional connectivity network structure. The goal of segmentation is to ensure that within a window of analysis, there is similar network structure. We designed an intuitive and flexible graph distance measure to quantify the difference in network structure between two analysis windows. This measure is modular: a variety of node importance indices can be plugged into it. We use a reference window versus sliding window comparison approach to detect changes, as indicated by outliers in the distribution of graph distance values. Performance of our segmentation method was tested in simulated EEG data and real EEG data from a drone piloting experiment (using correlation or phase-locking value as the functional connectivity strength metric). We compared our method under various node importance measures and against matrix-based dissimilarity metrics that use singular value decomposition on the connectivity matrix. The results show the graph distance approach worked better than matrix-based approaches; graph distance based on partial node centrality was most sensitive to network structural changes, especially when connectivity matrix values change little. The proposed method provides EEG data segmentation tailored for detecting changes in terms of functional connectivity networks. Our study provides a new perspective on EEG segmentation, one that is based on functional connectivity network structure differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Xu
- The International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
- The Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
- The School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- The Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
- The School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chuancai Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Heng Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zengru Di
- The International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Zheng Li
- The Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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11
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Chun HM, Hwang S, Kahng B, Rieger H, Noh JD. Heterogeneous Mean First-Passage Time Scaling in Fractal Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:227101. [PMID: 38101364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.227101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The mean first passage time (MFPT) of random walks is a key quantity characterizing dynamic processes on disordered media. In a random fractal embedded in the Euclidean space, the MFPT is known to obey the power law scaling with the distance between a source and a target site with a universal exponent. We find that the scaling law for the MFPT is not determined solely by the distance between a source and a target but also by their locations. The role of a site in the first passage processes is quantified by the random walk centrality. It turns out that the site of highest random walk centrality, dubbed as a hub, intervenes in first passage processes. We show that the MFPT from a departure site to a target site is determined by a competition between direct paths and indirect paths detouring via the hub. Consequently, the MFPT displays a crossover scaling between a short distance regime, where direct paths are dominant, and a long distance regime, where indirect paths are dominant. The two regimes are characterized by power laws with different scaling exponents. The crossover scaling behavior is confirmed by extensive numerical calculations of the MFPTs on the critical percolation cluster in two dimensional square lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Myung Chun
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | | | - Byungnam Kahng
- Center for Complex Systems Studies, and KENTECH Institute for Grid Modernization, Korea Institute of Energy Technology, Naju 58217, Korea
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Center for Biophysics and Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Lebniz-Institute for New Materials INM, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jae Dong Noh
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
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Soto P, Gloeb GM, Tsuchida KA, Charles AA, Greenwood NM, Hendrickson H. Insight into the conserved structural dynamics of the C-terminus of mammal PrPC identifies structural core and possible structural role of pharmacological chaperones. Prion 2023; 17:55-66. [PMID: 36892160 PMCID: PMC10012922 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2186674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of the prion protein is central to prion disease aetiology. Although understanding the dynamics of the native fold helps to decipher the conformational conversion mechanism, a complete depiction of distal but coupled prion protein sites common across species is lacking. To fill this gap, we used normal mode analysis and network analysis to examine a collection of prion protein structures deposited on the protein data bank. Our study identified a core of conserved residues that sustains the connectivity across the C-terminus of the prion protein. We propose how a well-characterized pharmacological chaperone may stabilize the fold. Also, we provide insight into the effect on the native fold of initial misfolding pathways identified by others using kinetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soto
- Physics department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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13
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Gomez-Haibach K, Gomez MA. Revised Centrality Measures Tell a Robust Story of Ion Conduction in Solids. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9258-9266. [PMID: 37857345 PMCID: PMC10626585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The three most commonly used centrality measures in network theory have been adapted to consider ion conduction time rather than the number of steps. Flow-IN centrality highlights sites with the largest flow of ions from the nearest neighbor sites. Return-flow centrality highlights sites with a fast rate of first returns for the conducting ion. Flow-through centrality highlights which sites support significant flow of conducting ions and appears more robust to removal of the most central vertices. Exploring these centrality measures with the sample system of proton conduction in yttrium doped barium zirconate shows flow-through centrality to provide a robust picture with high contrast between sites involved in the most probable long-range periodic conduction paths and kinetic Monte Carlo trajectories versus sites rarely visited. The flow-through centrality, including all paths further highlights that when the most central proton site is filled, the remaining highest flow-through centrality sites are nearby, corroborating earlier studies suggesting proton pair motion. Finally, while both return-flow and flow-through centrality measure images deteriorate with noise, image restoration is possible when a detailed balance is used to calculate the smaller rate constant in a forward/backward pair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Alexandra Gomez
- Department
of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, United States
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14
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Shabestari PS, Zendehrouh S, Ahmadi A, Jafari S, Parvaresh N, Eslami M. Analyzing the network of parent-rated ADHD symptoms before and 2 weeks after the onset of pharmaceutical treatment. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2023; 36:269-277. [PMID: 37157949 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Via a network analysis approach, following 2 weeks of the medication Ritalin, the present study investigated the quality of symptom interactions and the pattern of behavior changes to identify locations of functional weaknesses in the network interactions of symptomology. METHODS Ritalin® prescribed for 112 children (aged 4-14) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as diagnosed by five child and adolescent psychiatrists. Their parents completed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV questionnaire (SNAP-IV) before and after Ritalin® onset as the pre and post-test, respectively. Then, the network analysis approach was used to discover the pattern of changes in symptom interactions. FINDINGS The results indicated that in 2 weeks following its initiation, Ritalin significantly reduced restlessness and interactions between symptoms of impulsivity. "Inability to follow instructions" and "difficulty waiting their turn" symptoms were the most central symptoms of strength. Three symptoms, "Often has difficulty waiting their turn," "runs and climbs in situations where it is inappropriate" and "does not follow through on instructions," had the most expected influence. In the 14-day period of investigation, Ritalin® was effective in breaking some interactions and components of ADHD, but no significant mitigation of other components of the detected symptomatology network. CONCLUSION Follow-up investigations using network analysis can clarify the dynamics of the network changes after initiation of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sareh Zendehrouh
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ahmadi
- Department of Counselling in Midwifery, Neurology Research Center, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sajad Jafari
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Parvaresh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahin Eslami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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15
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Moulatlet GM, Dáttilo W, Villalobos F. Species-level drivers of avian centrality within seed-dispersal networks across different levels of organisation. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2126-2137. [PMID: 37454385 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bird-plant seed-dispersal networks are structural components of ecosystems. The role of bird species in seed-dispersal networks (from less [peripheral] to more connected [central]), determines the interaction patterns and their ecosystem services. These roles may be driven by morphological and functional traits as well as evolutionary, geographical and environmental properties acting at different spatial extents. It is still unknown if such drivers are equally important in determining species centrality at different network levels, from individual local networks to the global meta-network representing interactions across all local networks. Using 308 networks covering five continents and 11 biogeographical regions, we show that at the global meta-network level species' range size was the most important driver of species centrality, with more central species having larger range sizes, which would facilitate the interaction with a higher number of plants and thus the maintenance of seed-dispersal interactions. At the local network level, body mass was the only driver with a significant effect, implying that local factors related to resource availability are more important at this level of network organisation than those related to broad spatial factors such as range sizes. This could also be related to the mismatch between species-level traits, which do not consider intraspecific variation, and the local networks that can depend on such variation. Taken together, our results show that the drivers determining species centrality are relative to the levels of network organisation, suggesting that prediction of species functional roles in seed-dispersal interactions requires combined local and global approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
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16
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González-Gordon L, Porphyre T, Muwonge A, Nantima N, Ademun R, Ochwo S, Mwiine NF, Boden L, Muhanguzi D, Bronsvoort BMDC. Identifying target areas for risk-based surveillance and control of transboundary animal diseases: a seasonal analysis of slaughter and live-trade cattle movements in Uganda. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18619. [PMID: 37903814 PMCID: PMC10616094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal movements are a major driver for the spread of Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs). These movements link populations that would otherwise be isolated and hence create opportunities for susceptible and infected individuals to meet. We used social network analysis to describe the seasonal network structure of cattle movements in Uganda and unravel critical network features that identify districts or sub-regions for targeted risk-based surveillance and intervention. We constructed weighted, directed networks based on 2019 between-district cattle movements using official livestock mobility data; the purpose of the movement ('slaughter' vs. 'live trade') was used to subset the network and capture the risks more reliably. Our results show that cattle trade can result in local and long-distance disease spread in Uganda. Seasonal variability appears to impact the structure of the network, with high heterogeneity of node and edge activity identified throughout the seasons. These observations mean that the structure of the live trade network can be exploited to target influential district hubs within the cattle corridor and peripheral areas in the south and west, which would result in rapid network fragmentation, reducing the contact structure-related trade risks. Similar exploitable features were observed for the slaughter network, where cattle traffic serves mainly slaughter hubs close to urban centres along the cattle corridor. Critically, analyses that target the complex livestock supply value chain offer a unique framework for understanding and quantifying risks for TADs such as Foot-and-Mouth disease in a land-locked country like Uganda. These findings can be used to inform the development of risk-based surveillance strategies and decision making on resource allocation. For instance, vaccine deployment, biosecurity enforcement and capacity building for stakeholders at the local community and across animal health services with the potential to limit the socio-economic impact of outbreaks, or indeed reduce their frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina González-Gordon
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute at The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Thibaud Porphyre
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute at The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- The Digital One Health Laboratory, The Roslin Institute at The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Noelina Nantima
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Rose Ademun
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sylvester Ochwo
- Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Norbert Frank Mwiine
- Department of Biomolecular Resources and Biolaboratory Sciences (BBS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lisa Boden
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Dennis Muhanguzi
- Department of Biomolecular Resources and Biolaboratory Sciences (BBS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Barend Mark de C Bronsvoort
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute at The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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17
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Jiao Y, Shi C, Sun Y. The use of Xuanbai Chengqi decoction on monkeypox disease through the estrone-target AR interaction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234817. [PMID: 37808322 PMCID: PMC10553791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction After COVID-19, there was an outbreak of a new infectious disease caused by monkeypox virus. So far, no specific drug has been found to treat it. Xuanbai Chengqi decoction (XBCQD) has shown effects against a variety of viruses in China. Methods We searched for the active compounds and potential targets for XBCQD from multiple open databases and literature. Monkeypox related targets were searched out from the OMIM and GeneCards databases. After determining the assumed targets of XBCQD for monkeypox treatment, we built the PPI network and used R for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. The interactions between the active compounds and the hub targets were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results In total, 5 active compounds and 10 hub targets of XBCQD were screened out. GO enrichment and KEGG analysis demonstrated that XBCQD plays a therapeutic role in monkeypox mainly by regulating signaling pathways related to viral infection and inflammatory response. The main active compound estrone binding to target AR was confirmed to be the best therapy choice for monkeypox. Discussion This study systematically explored the interactions between the bioactive compounds of XBCQD and the monkeypox-specific XBCQD targets using network pharmacological methods, bioinformatics analyses and molecular simulations, suggesting that XBCQD could have a beneficial therapeutic effect on monkeypox by reducing the inflammatory damage and viral replication via multiple pathways. The use of XBCQD on monkeypox disease was confirmed to be best worked through the estrone-target AR interaction. Our work could provide evidence and guidance for further research on the treatment of monkeypox disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Jiao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- School of Science/State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Sun
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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18
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Tapadar P, Pal A, Ghosal N, Kumar B, Paul T, Biswas N, Pal R. CDH1 overexpression sensitizes TRAIL resistant breast cancer cells towards rhTRAIL induced apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7283-7294. [PMID: 37422537 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is well known for its unique ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not normal cells. However, a subpopulation of cancer cells exist that does not respond to toxic doses of TRAIL. In this study, we aimed to identify key factors regulating TRAIL resistance in breast cancer. METHODS rhTRAIL (recombinant human TRAIL) resistant cells (TR) isolated from TRAIL sensitive MDA-MB-231 parental cells (TS) were confirmed using trypan blue assay, cell viability assay and AO/EtBr (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining. Microarray was performed followed by analysis using DAVID and Cytoscape bioinformatics software to identify the candidate hub gene. Gene expression of the candidate gene was confirmed using real-time PCR and western blot. Candidate gene was overexpressed via transient transfection to identify its significance in the context of rhTRAIL. Breast cancer patient data was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS Whole transcriptome analysis identified 4907 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TS and TR cells. CDH1 was identified as the candidate hub gene, with 18-degree centrality. We further observed CDH1 protein to be downregulated, overexpression of which increased apoptosis in TR cells after rhTRAIL treatment. TCGA patient data analysis also showed CDH1 mRNA to be low in TRAIL resistant patient group compared to TRAIL sensitive group. CONCLUSION CDH1 overexpression sensitizes TR cells towards rhTRAIL induced apoptosis. Therefore, we can hypothesize that CDH1 expression should be taken into account while performing TRAIL therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Tapadar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Ambika Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Nirajan Ghosal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tamalika Paul
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Nabendu Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Ranjana Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
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19
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Marino A, Sinaimeri B, Tronci E, Calamoneri T. STARGATE-X: a Python package for statistical analysis on the REACTOME network. J Integr Bioinform 2023; 20:jib-2022-0029. [PMID: 37732505 PMCID: PMC10757075 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many important aspects of biological knowledge at the molecular level can be represented by pathways. Through their analysis, we gain mechanistic insights and interpret lists of interesting genes from experiments (usually omics and functional genomic experiments). As a result, pathways play a central role in the development of bioinformatics methods and tools for computing predictions from known molecular-level mechanisms. Qualitative as well as quantitative knowledge about pathways can be effectively represented through biochemical networks linking the biochemical reactions and the compounds (e.g., proteins) occurring in the considered pathways. So, repositories providing biochemical networks for known pathways play a central role in bioinformatics and in systems biology. Here we focus on Reactome, a free, comprehensive, and widely used repository for biochemical networks and pathways. In this paper, we: (1) introduce a tool StARGate-X (STatistical Analysis of the Reactome multi-GrAph Through nEtworkX) to carry out an automated analysis of the connectivity properties of Reactome biochemical reaction network and of its biological hierarchy (i.e., cell compartments, namely, the closed parts within the cytosol, usually surrounded by a membrane); the code is freely available at https://github.com/marinoandrea/stargate-x; (2) show the effectiveness of our tool by providing an analysis of the Reactome network, in terms of centrality measures, with respect to in- and out-degree. As an example of usage of StARGate-X, we provide a detailed automated analysis of the Reactome network, in terms of centrality measures. We focus both on the subgraphs induced by single compartments and on the graph whose nodes are the strongly connected components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first freely available tool that enables automatic analysis of the large biochemical network within Reactome through easy-to-use APIs (Application Programming Interfaces).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marino
- Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Tronci
- Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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20
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Meluso J, Hébert-Dufresne L. Multidisciplinary learning through collective performance favors decentralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303568120. [PMID: 37579171 PMCID: PMC10450670 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303568120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many models of learning in teams assume that team members can share solutions or learn concurrently. However, these assumptions break down in multidisciplinary teams where team members often complete distinct, interrelated pieces of larger tasks. Such contexts make it difficult for individuals to separate the performance effects of their own actions from the actions of interacting neighbors. In this work, we show that individuals can overcome this challenge by learning from network neighbors through mediating artifacts (like collective performance assessments). When neighbors' actions influence collective outcomes, teams with different networks perform relatively similarly to one another. However, varying a team's network can affect performance on tasks that weight individuals' contributions by network properties. Consequently, when individuals innovate (through "exploring" searches), dense networks hurt performance slightly by increasing uncertainty. In contrast, dense networks moderately help performance when individuals refine their work (through "exploiting" searches) by efficiently finding local optima. We also find that decentralization improves team performance across a battery of 34 tasks. Our results offer design principles for multidisciplinary teams within which other forms of learning prove more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meluso
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, College of Engineering & Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Laurent Hébert-Dufresne
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, College of Engineering & Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering & Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
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21
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Devrome M, Van Laere K, Koole M. Multiplex core of the human brain using structural, functional and metabolic connectivity derived from hybrid PET-MR imaging. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 2:1115965. [PMID: 37645694 PMCID: PMC10461102 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing success of mapping brain networks and availability of multiple MR- and PET-based connectivity measures, the need for novel methodologies to unravel the structure and function of the brain at multiple spatial and temporal scales is emerging. Therefore, in this work, we used hybrid PET-MR data of healthy volunteers (n = 67) to identify multiplex core nodes in the human brain. First, monoplex networks of structural, functional and metabolic connectivity were constructed, and consequently combined into a multiplex SC-FC-MC network by linking the same nodes categorically across layers. Taking into account the multiplex nature using a tensorial approach, we identified a set of core nodes in this multiplex network based on a combination of eigentensor centrality and overlapping degree. We introduced a coreness coefficient, which mitigates the effect of modeling parameters to obtain robust results. The proposed methodology was applied onto young and elderly healthy volunteers, where differences observed in the monoplex networks persisted in the multiplex as well. The multiplex core showed a decreased contribution to the default mode and salience network, while an increased contribution to the dorsal attention and somatosensory network was observed in the elderly population. Moreover, a clear distinction in eigentensor centrality was found between young and elderly healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Devrome
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Mukhtar MF, Abal Abas Z, Baharuddin AS, Norizan MN, Fakhruddin WFWW, Minato W, Rasib AHA, Abidin ZZ, Rahman AFNA, Anuar SHH. Integrating local and global information to identify influential nodes in complex networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11411. [PMID: 37452080 PMCID: PMC10349046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrality analysis is a crucial tool for understanding the role of nodes in a network, but it is unclear how different centrality measures provide much unique information. To improve the identification of influential nodes in a network, we propose a new method called Hybrid-GSM (H-GSM) that combines the K-shell decomposition approach and Degree Centrality. H-GSM characterizes the impact of nodes more precisely than the Global Structure Model (GSM), which cannot distinguish the importance of each node. We evaluate the performance of H-GSM using the SIR model to simulate the propagation process of six real-world networks. Our method outperforms other approaches regarding computational complexity, node discrimination, and accuracy. Our findings demonstrate the proposed H-GSM as an effective method for identifying influential nodes in complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuraida Abal Abas
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Malaysia.
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23
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Lurie DJ, Pappas I, D'Esposito M. Cortical timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548751. [PMID: 37502887 PMCID: PMC10370009 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen growing interest in characterizing the properties of regional brain dynamics and their relationship to other features of brain structure and function. In particular, multiple studies have observed regional differences in the "timescale" over which activity fluctuates during periods of quiet rest. In the cerebral cortex, these timescales have been associated with both local circuit properties as well as patterns of inter-regional connectivity, including the extent to which each region exhibits widespread connectivity to other brain areas. In the current study, we build on prior observations of an association between connectivity and dynamics in the cerebral cortex by investigating the relationship between BOLD fMRI timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks. We characterize network community structure across multiple scales and find that longer timescales are associated with greater within-community functional connectivity and diverse structural connectivity. We also replicate prior observations of a positive correlation between timescales and structural connectivity degree. Finally, we find evidence for preferential functional connectivity between cortical areas with similar timescales. We replicate these findings in an independent dataset. These results contribute to our understanding of functional brain organization and structure-function relationships in the human brain, and support the notion that regional differences in cortical dynamics may in part reflect the topological role of each region within macroscale brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lurie
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
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24
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Liu P, Wu J, Yu X, Guo L, Zhao L, Ban T, Huang Y. Metabolomics and Network Analyses Reveal Phenylalanine and Tyrosine as Signatures of Anthracycline-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:797. [PMID: 37375744 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline with over 30% incidence of liver injury in breast cancer patients, yet the mechanism of its hepatotoxicity remains unclear. To identify potential biomarkers for anthracycline-induced hepatotoxicity (AIH), we generated clinically-relevant mouse and rat models administered low-dose, long-term DOX. These models exhibited significant liver damage but no decline in cardiac function. Through untargeted metabolic profiling of the liver, we identified 27 differential metabolites in a mouse model and 28 in a rat model. We then constructed a metabolite-metabolite network for each animal model and computationally identified several potential metabolic markers, with particular emphasis on aromatic amino acids, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. We further performed targeted metabolomics analysis on DOX-treated 4T1 breast cancer mice for external validation. We found significant (p < 0.001) reductions in hepatic levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine (but not tryptophan) following DOX treatment, which were strongly correlated with serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) levels. In summary, the results of our study present compelling evidence supporting the use of phenylalanine and tyrosine as metabolic signatures of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Linling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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25
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Amiri S, Mirfazeli FS, Grafman J, Mohammadsadeghi H, Eftekhar M, Karimzad N, Mohebbi M, Nohesara S. Alternation in functional connectivity within default mode network after psychodynamic psychotherapy in borderline personality disorder. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 37170093 PMCID: PMC10176869 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by impairments in emotion regulation, impulse control, and interpersonal and social functioning along with a deficit in emotional awareness and empathy. In this study, we investigated whether functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN) is affected by 1-year psychodynamic psychotherapy in patients with BPD. METHODS Nine BPD patients filled out the demography, Interpersonal Reactive Index (IRI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20 (TAS 20), the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and the Borderline Evaluation Severity over Time (BEST) questionnaire. The BPD group (9F) and the control group (9F) had a mean ± SD age of 28.2 ± 5.3 years and 30.4 ± 6.1 years, respectively. BPD subjects underwent longitudinal resting-state fMRI before psychodynamic psychotherapy and then every 4 months for a year after initiating psychotherapy. FC in DMN was characterized by calculating the nodal degree, a measure of centrality in the graph theory. RESULTS The results indicated that patients with BPD present with aberrant DMN connectivity compared to healthy controls. Over a year of psychotherapy, the patients with BPD showed both FC changes (decreasing nodal degree in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and increasing in other cingulate cortex regions) and behavioral improvement in their symptoms and substance use. There was also a significant positive association between the decreased nodal degree in regions of the dorsal cingulate cortex and a decrease in the score of the TAS-20 indicating difficulty in identifying feelings after psychotherapy. CONCLUSION In BPD, there is altered FC within the DMN and disruption in self-processing and emotion regulation. Psychotherapy may modify the DMN connectivity and that modification is associated with positive changes in BPD emotional symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Amiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mirfazeli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Center, Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine & Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Homa Mohammadsadeghi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Eftekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Karimzad
- Iran Psychiatric Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohebbi
- Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Drossel G, Brucar LR, Rawls E, Hendrickson TJ, Zilverstand A. Subtypes in addiction and their neurobehavioral profiles across three functional domains. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:127. [PMID: 37072391 PMCID: PMC10113211 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of return to use in addiction treatment remain high. We argue that the development of improved treatment options will require advanced understanding of individual heterogeneity in Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). We hypothesized that considerable individual differences exist in the three functional domains underlying addiction-approach-related behavior, executive function, and negative emotionality. We included N = 593 participants from the enhanced Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample community sample (ages 18-59, 67% female) that included N = 420 Controls and N = 173 with past SUDs [54% female; N = 75 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) only, N = 30 Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) only, and N = 68 Multiple SUDs]. To test our a priori hypothesis that distinct neuro-behavioral subtypes exist within individuals with past SUDs, we conducted a latent profile analysis with all available phenotypic data as input (74 subscales from 18 measures), and then characterized resting-state brain function for each discovered subtype. Three subtypes with distinct neurobehavioral profiles were recovered (p < 0.05, Cohen's D: 0.4-2.8): a "Reward type" with higher approach-related behavior (N = 69); a "Cognitive type" with lower executive function (N = 70); and a "Relief type" with high negative emotionality (N = 34). For those in the Reward type, substance use mapped onto resting-state connectivity in the Value/Reward, Ventral-Frontoparietal and Salience networks; for the Cognitive type in the Auditory, Parietal Association, Frontoparietal and Salience networks; and for the Relief type in the Parietal Association, Higher Visual and Salience networks (pFDR < 0.05). Subtypes were equally distributed amongst individuals with different primary SUDs (χ2 = 4.71, p = 0.32) and gender (χ2 = 3.44, p = 0.18). Results support functionally derived subtypes, demonstrating considerable individual heterogeneity in the multi-dimensional impairments in addiction. This confirms the need for mechanism-based subtyping to inform the development of personalized addiction medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunner Drossel
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Leyla R Brucar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hendrickson
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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27
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Moreno F, Galvis J, Gómez F. A foot and mouth disease ranking of risk using cattle transportation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284180. [PMID: 37053149 PMCID: PMC10101471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious condition that affects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. This disease has substantial economic consequences. Livestock movement is one of the primary causes of disease dissemination. The centrality properties of the livestock mobilization transportation network provide valuable information for surveillance and control of FMD. However, the same transportation network can be described by different centrality descriptions, making it challenging to prioritize the most vulnerable nodes in the transportation network. This work considers the construction of a single network risk ranking, which helps prioritize disease control measurements. Results show that the proposed ranking constructed on 2016 livestock mobilization data may predict an actual outbreak reported in the Cesar (Colombia) region in 2018, with a performance measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91. This result constitutes the first quantitative evidence of the predictive capacity of livestock transportation to target FMD outbreaks. This approach may help decision-makers devise strategies to control and prevent FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Moreno
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Analítica de Datos (Datalab), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Galvis
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Analítica de Datos (Datalab), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francisco Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Analítica de Datos (Datalab), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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28
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Berthelot G, Tupikina L, Kang MY, Dedecker J, Grebenkov D. Transport collapse in dynamically evolving networks. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220906. [PMID: 36946086 PMCID: PMC10031428 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport in complex networks can describe a variety of natural and human-engineered processes including biological, societal and technological ones. However, how the properties of the source and drain nodes can affect transport subject to random failures, attacks or maintenance optimization in the network remain unknown. In this article, the effects of both the distance between the source and drain nodes and the degree of the source node on the time of transport collapse are studied in scale-free and lattice-based transport networks. These effects are numerically evaluated for two strategies, which employ either transport-based or random link removal. Scale-free networks with small distances are found to result in larger times of collapse. In lattice-based networks, both the dimension and boundary conditions are shown to have a major effect on the time of collapse. We also show that adding a direct link between the source and the drain increases the robustness of scale-free networks when subject to random link removals. Interestingly, the distribution of the times of collapse is then similar to the one of lattice-based networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Berthelot
- Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris 75012, France
- Research Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Studies (RELAIS), Paris 75012, France
| | - Liubov Tupikina
- The Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, 75004 France
- NokiaBell Labs Nokia, Nozay, France
- Learning Planet Institute, F-75004, Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Dedecker
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire MAP5 and CNRS UMR 8145, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Denis Grebenkov
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (UMR 7643), CNRS—Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau 91128, France
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29
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Mathew AT, Baidya ATK, Das B, Devi B, Kumar R. N-glycosylation induced changes in tau protein dynamics reveal its role in tau misfolding and aggregation: A microsecond long molecular dynamics study. Proteins 2023; 91:147-160. [PMID: 36029032 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Various posttranslational modifications like hyperphosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and acetylation have been attributed to induce the abnormal folding in tau protein. Recent in vitro studies revealed the possible involvement of N-glycosylation of tau protein in the abnormal folding and tau aggregation. Hence, in this study, we performed a microsecond long all atom molecular dynamics simulation to gain insights into the effects of N-glycosylation on Asn-359 residue which forms part of the microtubule binding region. Trajectory analysis of the stimulations coupled with essential dynamics and free energy landscape analysis suggested that tau, in its N-glycosylated form tends to exist in a largely folded conformation having high beta sheet propensity as compared to unmodified tau which exists in a large extended form with very less beta sheet propensity. Residue interaction network analysis of the lowest energy conformations further revealed that Phe378 and Lys353 are the functionally important residues in the peptide which helped in initiating the folding process and Phe378, Lys347, and Lys370 helped to maintain the stability of the protein in the folded state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen T Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag T K Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhanuranjan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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30
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Schuurman T, Bruner E. A comprehensive anatomical network analysis of human brain topology. J Anat 2023; 242:973-985. [PMID: 36691774 PMCID: PMC10184545 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A network approach to the macroscopic anatomy of the human brain can be used to model physical interactions among regions in order to study their topological properties, as well as the topological properties of the overall system. Here, a comprehensive model of human brain topology is presented, based on traditional macroanatomical divisions of the whole brain, which includes its subcortical regions. The aim was to localise anatomical elements that are essential for the geometric balance of the brain, as to identify underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial arrangement and understand how these patterns may influence brain morphology in ontogeny and phylogeny. The model revealed that the parahippocampal gyrus, the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and the ventral portion of the midbrain are subjected to major topological constraints that are likely to limit or channel their morphological evolution. The present model suggests that the brain can be divided into a superior and an inferior morphological block, linked with extrinsic topological constraints imposed by the surrounding braincase. This information should be considered duly both in ontogenetic and phylogenetic studies of primate neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schuurman
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | - Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
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31
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V. K P, Sinha S. A systems level approach to study metabolic networks in prokaryotes with the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway. Front Genet 2023; 13:1084727. [PMID: 36726720 PMCID: PMC9885046 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1084727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of an organism underlies its phenotype, which depends on many factors, such as the genetic makeup, habitat, and stresses to which it is exposed. This is particularly important for the prokaryotes, which undergo significant vertical and horizontal gene transfers. In this study we have used the energy-intensive Aromatic Amino Acid (Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine, TTP) biosynthesis pathway, in a large number of prokaryotes, as a model system to query the different levels of organization of metabolism in the whole intracellular biochemical network, and to understand how perturbations, such as mutations, affects the metabolic flux through the pathway - in isolation and in the context of other pathways connected to it. Using an agglomerative approach involving complex network analysis and Flux Balance Analyses (FBA), of the Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine and other pathways connected to it, we identify several novel results. Using the reaction network analysis and Flux Balance Analyses of the Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine and the genome-scale reconstructed metabolic pathways, many common hubs between the connected networks and the whole genome network are identified. The results show that the connected pathway network can act as a proxy for the whole genome network in Prokaryotes. This systems level analysis also points towards designing functional smaller synthetic pathways based on the reaction network and Flux Balance Analyses analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya V. K
- National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kattangal, Kerala, India,*Correspondence: Priya V. K, ; Somdatta Sinha,
| | - Somdatta Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India,*Correspondence: Priya V. K, ; Somdatta Sinha,
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32
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Tanglay O, Dadario NB, Chong EHN, Tang SJ, Young IM, Sughrue ME. Graph Theory Measures and Their Application to Neurosurgical Eloquence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:556. [PMID: 36672504 PMCID: PMC9857081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving patient safety and preserving eloquent brain are crucial in neurosurgery. Since there is significant clinical variability in post-operative lesions suffered by patients who undergo surgery in the same areas deemed compensable, there is an unknown degree of inter-individual variability in brain 'eloquence'. Advances in connectomic mapping efforts through diffusion tractography allow for utilization of non-invasive imaging and statistical modeling to graphically represent the brain. Extending the definition of brain eloquence to graph theory measures of hubness and centrality may help to improve our understanding of individual variability in brain eloquence and lesion responses. While functional deficits cannot be immediately determined intra-operatively, there has been potential shown by emerging technologies in mapping of hub nodes as an add-on to existing surgical navigation modalities to improve individual surgical outcomes. This review aims to outline and review current research surrounding novel graph theoretical concepts of hubness, centrality, and eloquence and specifically its relevance to brain mapping for pre-operative planning and intra-operative navigation in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tanglay
- UNSW School of Clinical Medicine, Faulty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. N. Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Si Jie Tang
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Isabella M. Young
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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33
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Mohanty V, Louis AA. Robustness and stability of spin-glass ground states to perturbed interactions. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014126. [PMID: 36797942 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Across many problems in science and engineering, it is important to consider how much the output of a given system changes due to perturbations of the input. Here, we investigate the glassy phase of ±J spin glasses at zero temperature by calculating the robustness of the ground states to flips in the sign of single interactions. For random graphs and the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, we find relatively large sets of bond configurations that generate the same ground state. These sets can themselves be analyzed as subgraphs of the interaction domain, and we compute many of their topological properties. In particular, we find that the robustness, equivalent to the average degree, of these subgraphs is much higher than one would expect from a random model. Most notably, it scales in the same logarithmic way with the size of the subgraph as has been found in genotype-phenotype maps for RNA secondary structure folding, protein quaternary structure, gene regulatory networks, as well as for models for genetic programming. The similarity between these disparate systems suggests that this scaling may have a more universal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Mohanty
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
- MD-PhD Program and Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ard A Louis
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
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Meram ED, Baajour S, Chowdury A, Kopchick J, Thomas P, Rajan U, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. The topology, stability, and instability of learning-induced brain network repertoires in schizophrenia. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:184-212. [PMID: 37333998 PMCID: PMC10270714 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of graph theoretic methods applied to task-based data in schizophrenia (SCZ). Tasks are useful for modulating brain network dynamics, and topology. Understanding how changes in task conditions impact inter-group differences in topology can elucidate unstable network characteristics in SCZ. Here, in a group of patients and healthy controls (n = 59 total, 32 SCZ), we used an associative learning task with four distinct conditions (Memory Formation, Post-Encoding Consolidation, Memory Retrieval, and Post-Retrieval Consolidation) to induce network dynamics. From the acquired fMRI time series data, betweenness centrality (BC), a metric of a node's integrative value was used to summarize network topology in each condition. Patients showed (a) differences in BC across multiple nodes and conditions; (b) decreased BC in more integrative nodes, but increased BC in less integrative nodes; (c) discordant node ranks in each of the conditions; and (d) complex patterns of stability and instability of node ranks across conditions. These analyses reveal that task conditions induce highly variegated patterns of network dys-organization in SCZ. We suggest that the dys-connection syndrome that is schizophrenia, is a contextually evoked process, and that the tools of network neuroscience should be oriented toward elucidating the limits of this dys-connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel D. Meram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shahira Baajour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John Kopchick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Luay Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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IN SILICO INVESTIGATION OF ACYCLOVIR DERIVATIVES POTENCY AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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36
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Petrizzelli F, Biagini T, Bianco SD, Liorni N, Napoli A, Castellana S, Mazza T. Connecting the dots: A practical evaluation of web-tools for describing protein dynamics as networks. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:1045368. [PMID: 36438625 PMCID: PMC9689706 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.1045368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Structure Networks (PSNs) are a well-known mathematical model for estimation and analysis of the three-dimensional protein structure. Investigating the topological architecture of PSNs may help identify the crucial amino acid residues for protein stability and protein-protein interactions, as well as deduce any possible mutational effects. But because proteins go through conformational changes to give rise to essential biological functions, this has to be done dynamically over time. The most effective method to describe protein dynamics is molecular dynamics simulation, with the most popular software programs for manipulating simulations to infer interaction networks being RING, MD-TASK, and NAPS. Here, we compare the computational approaches used by these three tools-all of which are accessible as web servers-to understand the pathogenicity of missense mutations and talk about their potential applications as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrizzelli
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele Bianco
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Liorni
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Napoli
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,*Correspondence: Tommaso Mazza,
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McGowan AL, Parkes L, He X, Stanoi O, Kang Y, Lomax S, Jovanova M, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Falk EB, Bassett DS, Lydon-Staley DM. Controllability of Structural Brain Networks and the Waxing and Waning of Negative Affect in Daily Life. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:432-439. [PMID: 36324655 PMCID: PMC9616346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The waxing and waning of negative affect in daily life is normative, reflecting an adaptive capacity to respond flexibly to changing circumstances. However, understanding of the brain structure correlates of affective variability in naturalistic settings has been limited. Using network control theory, we examine facets of brain structure that may enable negative affect variability in daily life. Methods We used diffusion-weighted imaging data from 95 young adults (age [in years]: mean = 20.19, SD = 1.80; 56 women) to construct structural connectivity networks that map white matter fiber connections between 200 cortical and 14 subcortical regions. We applied network control theory to these structural networks to estimate the degree to which each brain region's pattern of structural connectivity facilitates the spread of activity to other brain systems. We examined how the average controllability of functional brain systems relates to negative affect variability, computed by taking the standard deviation of negative affect self-reports collected via smartphone-based experience sampling twice per day over 28 days as participants went about their daily lives. Results We found that high average controllability of the cingulo-insular system is associated with increased negative affect variability. We also found that greater negative affect variability is related to the presence of more depressive symptoms, yet average controllability of the cingulo-insular system was not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions Our results highlight the role that brain structure plays in affective dynamics as observed in the context of daily life, suggesting that average controllability of the cingulo-insular system promotes normative negative affect variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ovidia Stanoi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Silicia Lomax
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J. Mucha
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kevin N. Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Emily B. Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marketing Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | - David M. Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Şimşek A. Lexical sorting centrality to distinguish spreading abilities of nodes in complex networks under the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2022; 34:4810-4820. [PMID: 38620758 PMCID: PMC8223111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemic modeling in complex networks is a hot research topic in recent years. The spreading of a virus (such as SARS-CoV-2) in a community, spreading computer viruses in communication networks, or spreading gossip on a social network is the subject of epidemic modeling. The Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) is one of the most popular epidemic models. One crucial issue in epidemic modeling is the determination of the spreading ability of the nodes. Thus, for example, super spreaders can be detected in the early stages. However, the SIR is a stochastic model, and it needs heavy Monte-Carlo simulations. Hence, the researchers focused on combining several centrality measures to distinguish the spreading capabilities of nodes. In this study, we proposed a new method called Lexical Sorting Centrality (LSC), which combines multiple centrality measures. The LSC uses a sorting mechanism similar to lexical sorting to combine various centrality measures for ranking nodes. We conducted experiments on six datasets using SIR to evaluate the performance of LSC and compared LSC with degree centrality (DC), eigenvector centrality (EC), closeness centrality (CC), betweenness centrality (BC), and Gravitational Centrality (GC). Experimental results show that LSC distinguishes the spreading ability of nodes more accurately, more decisively, and faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybike Şimşek
- Düzce University, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Düzce 81620, Turkey
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Dinarvand M, Koch FC, Al Mouiee D, Vuong K, Vijayan A, Tanzim AF, Azad AKM, Penesyan A, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Vafaee F. dRNASb: a systems biology approach to decipher dynamics of host-pathogen interactions using temporal dual RNA-seq data. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36136078 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection triggers a dynamic cascade of reciprocal events between host and pathogen wherein the host activates complex mechanisms to recognise and kill pathogens while the pathogen often adjusts its virulence and fitness to avoid eradication by the host. The interaction between the pathogen and the host results in large-scale changes in gene expression in both organisms. Dual RNA-seq, the simultaneous detection of host and pathogen transcripts, has become a leading approach to unravelling complex molecular interactions between the host and the pathogen and is particularly informative for intracellular organisms. The amount of in vitro and in vivo dual RNA-seq data is rapidly growing, which demands computational pipelines to effectively analyse such data. In particular, holistic, systems-level, and temporal analyses of dual RNA-seq data are essential to enable further insights into the host-pathogen transcriptional dynamics and potential interactions. Here, we developed an integrative network-driven bioinformatics pipeline, dRNASb, a systems biology-based computational pipeline to analyse temporal transcriptional clusters, incorporate molecular interaction networks (e.g. protein-protein interactions), identify topologically and functionally key transcripts in host and pathogen, and associate host and pathogen temporal transcriptome to decipher potential between-species interactions. The pipeline is applicable to various dual RNA-seq data from different species and experimental conditions. As a case study, we applied dRNASb to analyse temporal dual RNA-seq data of Salmonella-infected human cells, which enabled us to uncover genes contributing to the infection process and their potential functions and to identify putative associations between host and pathogen genes during infection. Overall, dRNASb has the potential to identify key genes involved in bacterial growth or host defence mechanisms for future uses as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Dinarvand
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Forrest C Koch
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Al Mouiee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaylee Vuong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Afia Fariha Tanzim
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A K M Azad
- ProCan®, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anahit Penesyan
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Adaptive algorithm for dependent infrastructure network restoration in an imperfect information sharing environment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270407. [PMID: 36001594 PMCID: PMC9401189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical infrastructure networks are vital for a functioning society and their failure can have widespread consequences. Decision-making for critical infrastructure resilience can suffer based on several characteristics exhibited by these networks, including (i) that there exist interdependencies with other networks, (ii) that several decision-makers represent potentially competing interests among the interdependent networks, and (iii) that information about other decision-makers’ actions are uncertain and potentially unknown. To address these concerns, we propose an adaptive algorithm using machine learning to integrate predictions about other decision-makers’ behavior into an interdependent network restoration planning problem considering an imperfect information sharing environment. We examined our algorithm against the optimal solution for various types, sizes, and dependencies of networks, resulting in insignificant differences. To assess the proposed algorithm’s efficiency, we compared its results with a proposed heuristic method that prioritizes, and schedules components restoration based on centrality-based importance measures. The proposed algorithm provides a solution sufficiently close to the optimal solution showing the algorithm performs well in situations where the information sharing environment is incomplete.
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O'Donnell MS, Edmunds DR, Aldridge CL, Heinrichs JA, Monroe AP, Coates PS, Prochazka BG, Hanser SE, Wiechman LA. Defining fine‐scaled population structure among continuously distributed populations. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Edmunds
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Cameron L. Aldridge
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Julie A. Heinrichs
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Adrian P. Monroe
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Peter S. Coates
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Brian G. Prochazka
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Steve E. Hanser
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Lief A. Wiechman
- U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Rawls E, Kummerfeld E, Mueller BA, Ma S, Zilverstand A. The resting-state causal human connectome is characterized by hub connectivity of executive and attentional networks. Neuroimage 2022; 255:119211. [PMID: 35430360 PMCID: PMC9177236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a data-driven approach for calculating a "causal connectome" of directed connectivity from resting-state fMRI data using a greedy adjacency search and pairwise non-Gaussian edge orientations. We used this approach to construct n = 442 causal connectomes. These connectomes were very sparse in comparison to typical Pearson correlation-based graphs (roughly 2.25% edge density) yet were fully connected in nearly all cases. Prominent highly connected hubs of the causal connectome were situated in attentional (dorsal attention) and executive (frontoparietal and cingulo-opercular) networks. These hub networks had distinctly different connectivity profiles: attentional networks shared incoming connections with sensory regions and outgoing connections with higher cognitive networks, while executive networks primarily connected to other higher cognitive networks and had a high degree of bidirected connectivity. Virtual lesion analyses accentuated these findings, demonstrating that attentional and executive hub networks are points of critical vulnerability in the human causal connectome. These data highlight the central role of attention and executive control networks in the human cortical connectome and set the stage for future applications of data-driven causal connectivity analysis in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | | | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Sisi Ma
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA; Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, USA
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The Construction and Application of E-Learning Curricula Evaluation Metrics for Competency-Based Teacher Professional Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Today, students at universities in advanced countries typically enroll in colleges, such as the College of Education, which offer interdisciplinary programs for undergraduates in their first and second years, allowing them to explore personal interests, experience educational research fields, complete their integrated curricula, and then choose a major in their third year. To cooperate with the government’s epidemic prevention policies and measures in the post-COVID-19 era, the trend of e-learning and distance teaching has accelerated the establishment of integrated online curricula with interdisciplinary programs for undergraduates in the College of Education to facilitate effective future teacher professional development (TPD). Therefore, it is very important to construct e-learning curricula evaluation metrics for competency-based teacher professional development (CB-TPD) and to implement them in teaching practice. This research used social network analysis (SNA) methods, approaches, and theoretical concepts, such as affiliation networks and bipartite graphs comprised of educational occupational titles and common professional competencies (i.e., Element Name and ID), as well as knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs), from the U.S. occupational information network (O*NET) 26.1 OnLine database, to collect data on the occupations of educational professionals. This study also used Gephi network analysis and visualization software to carry out descriptive statistics of keyword co-occurrences to measure their centrality metrics, including weighted degree centrality, degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality, and to verify their importance and ranking in professional competency in eight categories of educational professionals (i.e., three categories of special education teachers and five categories of teachers, except special education). The analysis of the centrality metrics identified the educational common professional competency (ECPC) keyword co-occurrences, which were then used to design, develop, and apply e-learning curricula evaluation metrics for CB-TPD. The results of this study can be used as a reference for conducting related academic research and cultivating educational professionals’ online curricula, including ECPC keywords, integrated curricula design and the development of transdisciplinary programs, and teacher education, as well as to facilitate the construction and application of future e-learning curricula evaluation metrics for CB-TPD.
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Manchado-Gobatto FB, Torres RS, Marostegan AB, Rasteiro FM, Hartz CS, Moreno MA, Pinto AS, Gobatto CA. Complex Network Model Reveals the Impact of Inspiratory Muscle Pre-Activation on Interactions among Physiological Responses and Muscle Oxygenation during Running and Passive Recovery. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070963. [PMID: 36101345 PMCID: PMC9311794 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Different warm-ups can be used to improve physical and sports performance. Among these strategies, we can include the pre-activation of the inspiratory muscles. Our study aimed to investigate this pre-activation model in high-intensity running performance and recovery using an integrative computational analysis called a complex network. The participants in this study underwent four sessions. The first and second sessions were performed to explain the procedures, characterize them and determine the individualized pre-activation intensity (40% of the maximum inspiratory pressure). Subsequently, on different days, the subjects were submitted to high-intensity tethered runs on a non-motorized treadmill with monitoring of the physiological responses during and after this effort. To understand the impacts of the pre-activation of inspiratory muscles on the organism, we studied the centrality metrics obtained by complex networks, which help in the interpretation of data in a more integrated way. Our results revealed that the graphs generated by this analysis were altered when inspiratory muscle pre-activation was applied, emphasizing muscle oxygenation responses in the leg and arm. Blood lactate also played an important role, especially after our inspiratory muscle strategy. Our findings confirm that the pre-activation of inspiratory muscles promotes modulations in the organism, better integrating physiological responses, which could increase performance and improve recovery. Abstract Although several studies have focused on the adaptations provided by inspiratory muscle (IM) training on physical demands, the warm-up or pre-activation (PA) of these muscles alone appears to generate positive effects on physiological responses and performance. This study aimed to understand the effects of inspiratory muscle pre-activation (IMPA) on high-intensity running and passive recovery, as applied to active subjects. In an original and innovative investigation of the impacts of IMPA on high-intensity running, we proposed the identification of the interactions among physical characteristics, physiological responses and muscle oxygenation in more and less active muscle to a running exercise using a complex network model. For this, fifteen male subjects were submitted to all-out 30 s tethered running efforts preceded or not preceded by IMPA, composed of 2 × 15 repetitions (1 min interval between them) at 40% of the maximum individual inspiratory pressure using a respiratory exercise device. During running and recovery, we monitored the physiological responses (heart rate, blood lactate, oxygen saturation) and muscle oxygenation (in vastus lateralis and biceps brachii) by wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Thus, we investigated four scenarios: two in the tethered running exercise (with or without IMPA) and two built into the recovery process (after the all-out 30 s), under the same conditions. Undirected weighted graphs were constructed, and four centrality metrics were analyzed (Degree, Betweenness, Eigenvector, and Pagerank). The IMPA (40% of the maximum inspiratory pressure) was effective in increasing the peak and mean relative running power, and the analysis of the complex networks advanced the interpretation of the effects of physiological adjustments related to the IMPA on exercise and recovery. Centrality metrics highlighted the nodes related to muscle oxygenation responses (in more and less active muscles) as significant to all scenarios, and systemic physiological responses mediated this impact, especially after IMPA application. Our results suggest that this respiratory strategy enhances exercise, recovery and the multidimensional approach to understanding the effects of physiological adjustments on these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fúlvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira 13484-350, Brazil; (A.B.M.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Silva Torres
- Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6009 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Anita Brum Marostegan
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira 13484-350, Brazil; (A.B.M.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Felipe Marroni Rasteiro
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira 13484-350, Brazil; (A.B.M.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Charlini Simoni Hartz
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba 13400-000, Brazil; (C.S.H.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Marlene Aparecida Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba 13400-000, Brazil; (C.S.H.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Allan Silva Pinto
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, Brazil;
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira 13484-350, Brazil; (A.B.M.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.G.)
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Dong TS, Guan M, Mayer EA, Stains J, Liu C, Vora P, Jacobs JP, Lagishetty V, Chang L, Barry RL, Gupta A. Obesity is associated with a distinct brain-gut microbiome signature that connects Prevotella and Bacteroides to the brain's reward center. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2051999. [PMID: 35311453 PMCID: PMC8942409 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2051999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has risen to its highest values over the last two decades. While many studies have either shown brain or microbiome connections to obesity, few have attempted to analyze the brain-gut-microbiome relationship in a large cohort adjusting for cofounders. Therefore, we aim to explore the connection of the brain-gut-microbiome axis to obesity controlling for such cofounders as sex, race, and diet. Whole brain resting state functional MRI was acquired, and connectivity and brain network properties were calculated. Fecal samples were obtained from 287 obese and non-obese participants (males n = 99, females n = 198) for 16s rRNA profiling and fecal metabolites, along with a validated dietary questionnaire. Obesity was associated with alterations in the brain's reward network (nucleus accumbens, brainstem). Microbial diversity (p = .03) and composition (p = .03) differed by obesity independent of sex, race, or diet. Obesity was associated with an increase in Prevotella/Bacteroides (P/B) ratio and a decrease in fecal tryptophan (p = .02). P/B ratio was positively correlated to nucleus accumbens centrality (p = .03) and negatively correlated to fecal tryptophan (p = .004). Being Hispanic, eating a standard American diet, having a high Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio, and a high nucleus accumbens centrality were all independent risk factors for obesity. There are obesity-related signatures in the BGM-axis independent of sex, race, and diet. Race, diet, P/B ratio and increased nucleus accumbens centrality were independent risk factors for obesity. P/B ratio was inversely related to fecal tryptophan, a metabolite related to serotonin biosynthesis, and positively related to nucleus accumbens centrality, a region central to the brain's reward center. These findings may expand the field of therapies for obesity through novel pathways directed at the BGM axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien S. Dong
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and ResilienceLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,CONTACT Tien S. Dong Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue Center for Health Sciences 43-133; MC:737818, Los AngelesCA90095
| | - Michelle Guan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and ResilienceLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jean Stains
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and ResilienceLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Cathy Liu
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and ResilienceLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Priten Vora
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and ResilienceLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and ResilienceLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert L. Barry
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and ResilienceLos Angeles, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Panditrao G, Bhowmick R, Meena C, Sarkar RR. Emerging landscape of molecular interaction networks: Opportunities, challenges and prospects. J Biosci 2022. [PMID: 36210749 PMCID: PMC9018971 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Network biology finds application in interpreting molecular interaction networks and providing insightful inferences using graph theoretical analysis of biological systems. The integration of computational bio-modelling approaches with different hybrid network-based techniques provides additional information about the behaviour of complex systems. With increasing advances in high-throughput technologies in biological research, attempts have been made to incorporate this information into network structures, which has led to a continuous update of network biology approaches over time. The newly minted centrality measures accommodate the details of omics data and regulatory network structure information. The unification of graph network properties with classical mathematical and computational modelling approaches and technologically advanced approaches like machine-learning- and artificial intelligence-based algorithms leverages the potential application of these techniques. These computational advances prove beneficial and serve various applications such as essential gene prediction, identification of drug–disease interaction and gene prioritization. Hence, in this review, we have provided a comprehensive overview of the emerging landscape of molecular interaction networks using graph theoretical approaches. With the aim to provide information on the wide range of applications of network biology approaches in understanding the interaction and regulation of genes, proteins, enzymes and metabolites at different molecular levels, we have reviewed the methods that utilize network topological properties, emerging hybrid network-based approaches and applications that integrate machine learning techniques to analyse molecular interaction networks. Further, we have discussed the applications of these approaches in biomedical research with a note on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Panditrao
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Rupa Bhowmick
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Chandrakala Meena
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Ram Rup Sarkar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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47
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Zhang F, Daducci A, He Y, Schiavi S, Seguin C, Smith RE, Yeh CH, Zhao T, O'Donnell LJ. Quantitative mapping of the brain's structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118870. [PMID: 34979249 PMCID: PMC9257891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography is an advanced imaging technique that enables in vivo reconstruction of the brain's white matter connections at macro scale. It provides an important tool for quantitative mapping of the brain's structural connectivity using measures of connectivity or tissue microstructure. Over the last two decades, the study of brain connectivity using dMRI tractography has played a prominent role in the neuroimaging research landscape. In this paper, we provide a high-level overview of how tractography is used to enable quantitative analysis of the brain's structural connectivity in health and disease. We focus on two types of quantitative analyses of tractography, including: 1) tract-specific analysis that refers to research that is typically hypothesis-driven and studies particular anatomical fiber tracts, and 2) connectome-based analysis that refers to research that is more data-driven and generally studies the structural connectivity of the entire brain. We first provide a review of methodology involved in three main processing steps that are common across most approaches for quantitative analysis of tractography, including methods for tractography correction, segmentation and quantification. For each step, we aim to describe methodological choices, their popularity, and potential pros and cons. We then review studies that have used quantitative tractography approaches to study the brain's white matter, focusing on applications in neurodevelopment, aging, neurological disorders, mental disorders, and neurosurgery. We conclude that, while there have been considerable advancements in methodological technologies and breadth of applications, there nevertheless remains no consensus about the "best" methodology in quantitative analysis of tractography, and researchers should remain cautious when interpreting results in research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Simona Schiavi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caio Seguin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert E Smith
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chun-Hung Yeh
- Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tengda Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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48
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Costantini L, Sciarra C, Ridolfi L, Laio F. Measuring node centrality when local and global measures overlap. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044317. [PMID: 35590570 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Centrality metrics aim to identify the most relevant nodes in a network. In the literature, a broad set of metrics exists, measuring either local or global centrality characteristics. Nevertheless, when networks exhibit a high spectral gap, the usual global centrality measures typically do not add significant information with respect to the degree, i.e., the simplest local metric. To extract different information from this class of networks, we propose the use of the Generalized Economic Complexity index (GENEPY). Despite its original definition within the economic field, the GENEPY can be easily applied and interpreted on a wide range of networks, characterized by high spectral gap, including monopartite and bipartite network systems. Tests on synthetic and real-world networks show that the GENEPY can shed light about the node centrality, carrying information generally poorly correlated with the node number of direct connections (node degree).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Costantini
- DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Sciarra
- DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Ridolfi
- DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Laio
- DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
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49
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Silva VF, Silva ME, Ribeiro P, Silva F. Novel features for time series analysis: a complex networks approach. Data Min Knowl Discov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10618-022-00826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBeing able to capture the characteristics of a time series with a feature vector is a very important task with a multitude of applications, such as classification, clustering or forecasting. Usually, the features are obtained from linear and nonlinear time series measures, that may present several data related drawbacks. In this work we introduce NetF as an alternative set of features, incorporating several representative topological measures of different complex networks mappings of the time series. Our approach does not require data preprocessing and is applicable regardless of any data characteristics. Exploring our novel feature vector, we are able to connect mapped network features to properties inherent in diversified time series models, showing that NetF can be useful to characterize time data. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the applicability of our methodology in clustering synthetic and benchmark time series sets, comparing its performance with more conventional features, showcasing how NetF can achieve high-accuracy clusters. Our results are very promising, with network features from different mapping methods capturing different properties of the time series, adding a different and rich feature set to the literature.
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50
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Fergus CA. Power Across the Global Health Landscape: A Network Analysis of Development Assistance 1990-2015. Health Policy Plan 2022; 37:779-790. [PMID: 35333335 PMCID: PMC9336578 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Power distribution across the global health landscape has undergone a fundamental shift over the past three decades. What was once a system comprised largely of bilateral and multilateral institutional arrangements between nation-states evolved into a varied landscape where these traditional actors were joined by a vast assemblage of private firms, philanthropies, non-governmental organizations, public-private partnerships. Financial resources are an explicit power source within global health which direct how, where, and to whom health interventions are delivered, which health issues are (de)prioritised, how and by whom evidence to support policies and interventions is developed, and how we account for progress. Financial resource allocations are not isolated decisions, but rather outputs of negotiation processes and dynamics between actors who derive power from a multiplicity of sources. The aims of this paper are to examine the changes in the global health actor landscape and the shifts in power using data on disbursements of development assistance for health (DAH). A typology of actors was developed from previous literature and refined through an empirical analysis of DAH. The emergent network structure of DAH flows between global health actors and positionality of actors within the network were analysed between 1990 and 2015. The results reflect the dramatic shift in the numbers of actors, relationships between actors, and funding dispersal over this time period. Through a combination of the massive influx of new funding sources and a decrease in public spending, the majority control of financial resources in the DAH network receded from public entities to a vast array of civil society organisations (CSOs) and public-private partnerships (PPPs). The most prominent of these were the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and the Global Fund for AIDS, TB, and Malaria (GFATM), which rose to the third and fourth most central positions within the DAH network by 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin Alexis Fergus
- Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science.,Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics and Political Science
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