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Bougrine H, Chalghaf N, Azaiez C, Hammad AS, Boussayala G, Dhahri M, Henchiri H, Al-Saedi AIAU, Al-Hayali MDA, AL-Rubaiawi AWMS, Ezzi AFT, AL-Sadoon NMN, Souissi N, Azaiez F, Dergaa I, Al-Asmakh M. The impact of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on psychomotor and cognitive skills in adolescent athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1362066. [PMID: 38903387 PMCID: PMC11188329 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1362066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intermittent fasting (IF) represents a dietary intervention similar to caloric restriction, characterized by the strategic limitation of food consumption. Among the diverse array of practices for IF, Ramadan IF (RIF), a religious observance in Islam, mandates that healthy adult Muslims abstain from both food and drinks during daylight hours. In sports, researchers have extensively studied IF effects on health, including sleep and physical performance, but its impact on cognitive functions during RIF remains understudied. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of RIF on psychomotor and cognitive performance among young female athletes. Methods To achieve this purpose, a cohort of 23 female handball players, aged 17.2 ± 0.5 years, participated in a series of six testing sessions: one conducted prior to Ramadan (R0), and others during the first (R1), second (R2), third (R3), and fourth (R4) weeks of Ramadan, followed by a session in the week after Ramadan (R5). Each session involved assessments using a Simple Reaction Time Test (SRT), Choice Reaction Time Test (CRT), Vigilance Test (VT), and Mental Rotation Test (MRT). Additionally, dietary intake, body composition, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were evaluated during these periods. Results and discussion The obtained data illustrated that there was a decrease in SRT, CRT, VT, and MRT performances during R1 in comparison to R0 (all p < .001). This reduction was also observed in R2, R3, R4, and R5. Notably, during the fourth week of Ramadan (R4), these cognitive and psychomotor parameters were significantly lower than during the earlier weeks (R1, R2, R3; all p < .001). Furthermore, a gradual decrease in total PSQI scores, sleep quality, and sleep duration was observed throughout the Ramadan period, reaching the lowest levels during R4. These findings illustrate that RIF has a significantly detrimental impact on neuromuscular and cognitive abilities as well as sleep quality in young female athletes. The study also highlights a fluctuating pattern in cognitive function across the four weeks of Ramadan, with the most pronounced decline observed during the final week of fasting illustrating the importance of conducting similar studies on normal individuals from both genders with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chiraz Azaiez
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Sociological Research Group on Contemporary Societies (GRESCO), University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Ayat S Hammad
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghada Boussayala
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Dhahri
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Henchiri
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ibrahim Abd Ulwahid Al-Saedi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Education in the Province of Maysan, Amarah, Iraq
| | - Mazin Dawood Ahmed Al-Hayali
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmed Farooq Tawfeeq Ezzi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Aliraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nabee Muttlak Nasser AL-Sadoon
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Training and Qualification Directorate, Ministry of Interior, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Azaiez
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Bensignor MO, Kelly AS, Kunin-Batson A, Fox CK, Freese R, Clark J, Rudser KD, Bomberg EM, Ryder J, Gross AC. Evaluating appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours as predictors of weight loss maintenance with GLP-1RA therapy in adolescents with severe obesity. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13105. [PMID: 38339799 PMCID: PMC11006569 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whilst glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are effective for treating adolescent obesity, weight loss maintenance (WLM; preventing weight regain) remains a challenge. Our goal was to investigate appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours that may predict WLM with exenatide (a GLP1-RA) versus placebo in adolescents with severe obesity. METHODS Adolescents who had ≥5% body mass index (BMI) reduction with meal replacement therapy were randomized to 52 weeks of once-weekly exenatide extended release or placebo. In this secondary analysis, eating behaviours and appetite/satiety regulation hormones post-meal replacement therapy (pre-randomization to exenatide or placebo) were evaluated as possible predictors of WLM. Percent change in BMI from randomization to 52 weeks served as the primary measure of WLM. RESULTS The analysis included 66 adolescents (mean age 16.0 years; 47% female). Lower leptin response to meal testing was associated with greater WLM in terms of BMI percent change in those receiving exenatide compared to placebo (p = 0.007) after adjusting for sex, age and BMI. There were no other significant predictors of WLM. CONCLUSIONS Prior to exenatide, lower leptin response to meals was associated with improved WLM with exenatide compared to placebo. The mostly null findings of this study suggest that GLP1-RA treatment may produce similar WLM for adolescents with obesity regardless of age, BMI, sex and eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O Bensignor
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alicia Kunin-Batson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claudia K Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca Freese
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Justin Clark
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kyle D Rudser
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric M Bomberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Justin Ryder
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy C Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Gholampoor N, Sharif AH, Mellor D. The effect of observing religious or faith-based fasting on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1097-1109. [PMID: 38508992 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Fasting is common in many religions and is associated with health benefits. This systematic review to compares the impact of different religious fasting practices, on risk of cardiometabolic diseases. DATA SYNTHESIS The search covered five databases following PRISMA guidelines to identify papers published in English from inception to March 2023 (updated January 2024). Inclusion criteria were healthy adults in observational studies, who engaged in religious fasting practices, studies were included where data on matched non-fasting individuals was available. Outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and fasting plasma glucose levels. A meta-analysis was conducted, and the review was registered (CRD42022352197). Fourteen studies were met the inclusion criteria with ten studies data being suitable for meta-analysis, reporting on 755 adults participating in fasting practices and 661 non-fasting controls. Religious fasting was associated with a reduction in BMI (-0.40 kg/m2, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.10], p < 0.01). Observance of Ramadan fasting was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (-3.83 mmHg, 95% CI [-7.44, -0.23], p = 0.04). The observance of Orthodox Christian fasting was associated with a reduction in TC (-0.52 mmoL/l, 95%CI [-0.64, -0.39], p < 0.01). No difference was found for the other outcomes. CONCLUSION This review found religious fasting practices which were associated with a reduction in some biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases risk. Further research on other fasting practices is needed due to limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Gholampoor
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Duane Mellor
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Guilfoyle MM. Ramadan fasting in the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum colostrum cortisol concentrations in Morocco. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24071. [PMID: 38497094 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast milk cortisol concentration varies among and within lactating women, but the causes and consequences of variation are not yet fully understood. This study investigated whether maternal fasting from food and water for over 16 h per day during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with increased concentrations of cortisol in colostrum during the month of Ramadan in a Moroccan sample. Participants were women who gave birth at the public maternity hospital in Rabat, Morocco throughout the month of and month following Ramadan. Participants completed interviews (N = 92), underwent anthropometric assessment (N = 73), and colostrum samples (N = 63) were collected approximately 48-72 h postpartum. Cortisol analysis was completed on a subset of colostrum samples (N = 43). Women were categorized as fasting every day of Ramadan before giving birth (N = 52/92, 57%), fasting some days (N = 29/92, 32%), and not fasting (N = 11/92, 11%). For women who fasted, average fasting duration was 19.5 days (range: 1-29 days), and average time between the last day of fasting and birth was 8.8 days (range: 0-43 days). The number of days of fasting was positively associated with cortisol concentrations in colostrum (p < .009) in a multivariate analysis controlling for maternal anthropometry, hypertension and/or diabetes, and reasons for opting out of fasting. Each day of fasting was associated with a 4.05% increase in colostrum cortisol. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal fasting during the third trimester of pregnancy increases breast milk cortisol and thus alters the hormonal milieu to which the infant is exposed.
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Özbay S, Ulupınar S, Gençoğlu C, Ouergui I, Öget F, Yılmaz HH, Kishalı NF, Kıyıcı F, Asan S, Uçan İ, Ardigò LP. Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprint exercise. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1322128. [PMID: 38406182 PMCID: PMC10884246 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1322128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This investigation aims to elucidate the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprints. Methods Fourteen active male Muslim athletes (age = 22.4 ± 1.8 years, body weight = 69.5 ± 3.8 kg, height = 176 ± 5.1 cm) executed a repeated sprint protocol, consisting of ten 20-meter sprints with 15-s passive recovery intervals, during both fasting and non-fasting conditions. The fasting session was conducted after a 12-14 h fast following Sahur (the pre-dawn meal during Ramadan). In contrast, the non-fasting session occurred before the Ramadan fasting period began, during the same hours of the day, at a time when fasting was not yet required for the athletes. Bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprints were quantified using the PCr-LA-O2 method. Results The mean sprint time during fasting sessions was 3.4 ± 0.3 s compared to 3.3 ± 0.2 s in non-fasting sessions, indicating a trend approaching the threshold of significance for slower times in the fasted state (p = 0.052, effect size (ES) = 0.34). In terms of bioenergetic contributions, the total metabolic energy expenditure (TEE) was slightly lower during fasting sessions (236.5 ± 22 kJ) compared to non-fasting sessions (245.2 ± 21.7 kJ), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.102, ES = 0.40). Similarly, metabolic energy expenditure per sprint was 23.7 ± 2.2 kJ in fasting conditions compared to 24.5 ± 2.2 kJ in non-fasting conditions (p = 0.106, ES = 0.35). The oxidative energy contribution did not differ significantly between fasting (34.2 ± 4.1 kJ) and non-fasting conditions (34.2 ± 4.1 vs. 35.5 ± 5.2 kJ; p = 0.238, ES = 0.28). Similarly, lactic (60.4 ± 7.6 vs. 59.2 ± 8.3 kJ; p = 0.484, ES = 0.15); and alactic (149.3 ± 19.9 vs. 143 ± 21.5 kJ; p = 0.137, ES = 0.30) energy contributions showed no significant differences between the fasting and non-fasting sessions. The percentage of performance decrement (Pdec) and the percentage contributions of oxidative, lactic, and alactic pathways to the total energy expenditure did not differ significantly between the fasting and non-fasting conditions, indicating a similar bioenergetic profile across both conditions. Conclusion The present findings indicate no significant differences in performance metrics and metabolic outcomes between fasted and non-fasted states. Future assessments with longer duration and higher intensity protocols may provide further insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Özbay
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Ulupınar
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Cebrail Gençoğlu
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
- Research Unit, Sports Science, Health and Movement, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Furkan Öget
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | | | | | - Fatih Kıyıcı
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Selim Asan
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - İzzet Uçan
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Oslo, Norway
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Ali T, Lessan N. Chrononutrition in the context of Ramadan: Potential implications. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3728. [PMID: 37830266 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Every year, healthy adult Muslims practice dawn to sunset fasting for a whole lunar month. No food or fluid is allowed for the fasting time window. After sunset, eating is allowed. The dramatic change in the timing of meals is accompanied by changes in sleeping hours and thus alterations in circadian rhythms. Hormonal mechanisms mainly determined by the latter also change. These include shifts in cortisol and melatonin. Food-dependent hormones such as Ghrelin and leptin also show changes. A well-established principle of chrononutrition is that the timing of eating may be as or more important than the content of food. Ramadan fasting (RF) is distinct from other forms of intermittent fasting, although there are also some similarities with time restricted eating (TRE). Both have been shown to have health benefits. Here, we examine existing literature to understand and learn from this very commonly practiced form of fasting and its relationships to circadian rhythms and homoeostatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomader Ali
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Imperial College London, London, UK
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Alkurd R, Mahrous L, Zeb F, Khan MAB, Alhaj H, Khraiwesh HM, Faris ME. Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Regimens on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Function in Humans: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:191. [PMID: 38276070 PMCID: PMC10819730 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background: The potential positive interaction between intermittent fasting (IF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cognitive function has been widely discussed. This systematic review tried to assess the efficacy of interventions with different IF regimens on BDNF levels and their association with cognitive functions in humans. Interventions with different forms of IF such as caloric restriction (CR), alternate-day fasting (ADF), time-restricted eating (TRE), and the Ramadan model of intermittent fasting (RIF) were targeted. Methods: A systematic review was conducted for experimental and observational studies on healthy people and patients with diseases published in EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from January 2000 to December 2023. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statements (PRISMA) for writing this review. Results: Sixteen research works conducted on healthy people and patients with metabolic disorders met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Five studies showed a significant increase in BDNF after the intervention, while five studies reported a significant decrease in BDNF levels, and the other six studies showed no significant changes in BDNF levels due to IF regimens. Moreover, five studies examined the RIF protocol, of which, three studies showed a significant reduction, while two showed a significant increase in BDNF levels, along with an improvement in cognitive function after RIF. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that IF has varying effects on BDNF levels and cognitive functions in healthy, overweight/obese individuals and patients with metabolic conditions. However, few human studies have shown that IF increases BDNF levels, with controversial results. In humans, IF has yet to be fully investigated in terms of its long-term effect on BDNF and cognitive functions. Large-scale, well-controlled studies with high-quality data are warranted to elucidate the impact of the IF regimens on BDNF levels and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat Alkurd
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Lana Mahrous
- Department of Health Sciences/Track of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 12461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Falak Zeb
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Moien AB Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hamid Alhaj
- Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Husam M. Khraiwesh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Healthy Aging, Longevity and Sustainability Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Drăgoi CM, Nicolae AC, Ungurianu A, Margină DM, Grădinaru D, Dumitrescu IB. Circadian Rhythms, Chrononutrition, Physical Training, and Redox Homeostasis-Molecular Mechanisms in Human Health. Cells 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38247830 PMCID: PMC10814043 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A multitude of physiological processes, human behavioral patterns, and social interactions are intricately governed by the complex interplay between external circumstances and endogenous circadian rhythms. This multidimensional regulatory framework is susceptible to disruptions, and in contemporary society, there is a prevalent occurrence of misalignments between the circadian system and environmental cues, a phenomenon frequently associated with adverse health consequences. The onset of most prevalent current chronic diseases is intimately connected with alterations in human lifestyle practices under various facets, including the following: reduced physical activity, the exposure to artificial light, also acknowledged as light pollution, sedentary behavior coupled with consuming energy-dense nutriments, irregular eating frameworks, disruptions in sleep patterns (inadequate quality and duration), engagement in shift work, and the phenomenon known as social jetlag. The rapid evolution of contemporary life and domestic routines has significantly outpaced the rate of genetic adaptation. Consequently, the underlying circadian rhythms are exposed to multiple shifts, thereby elevating the susceptibility to disease predisposition. This comprehensive review endeavors to synthesize existing empirical evidence that substantiates the conceptual integration of the circadian clock, biochemical molecular homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the stimuli imparted by physical exercise, sleep, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Manuela Drăgoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Alina Crenguţa Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Denisa Marilena Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Daniela Grădinaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Ion-Bogdan Dumitrescu
- Department of Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
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Mohamed YA, Abouelmagd M, Elbialy A, Elwassefy M, Kyrillos F. Effect of intermittent fasting on lipid biokinetics in obese and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prospective observational study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:4. [PMID: 38172970 PMCID: PMC10763162 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting (IF) is a commonly used dietary practice that alternates between periods of unrestricted dietary consumption and abstinence from caloric intake. IF reduces caloric intake along with metabolic switch from utilization of glucose to fatty acids and ketones and resulting in reduction in adiposity and subsequently insulin resistance. Thus, it has been hypothesized that IF regimens can improve body composition in obese and overweight individuals. AIM To assess the effect of IF on lipid biokinetics in obese and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty overweight or obese T2D patients were recruited from the diabetes outpatient clinics at the Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University. Patients were subjected to time restricted fasting for 16 h (from dawn to sunset) during Ramadan. Anthropometric data were measured for participants before and 3 weeks after Ramadan fasting. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profile, leptin, beta hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and high sensitive CRP levels were measured 1 week before and 3 weeks after Ramadan fasting. RESULTS 30 diabetic patients were recruited with a mean age of 54.3 ± 7.2 years. 24 (80%) were females. Obesity was diagnosed in 27 cases (90%). The median diabetes duration was 10 years. The study showed a statistically significant decrease in post-fasting body weight (BW), Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) & hip circumference (HC). There was a statistically significant decrease of post-fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Total cholesterol (TC), and leptin. The study also showed a statistically significant increase of post-fasting high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and βHB. No significant change was found in post-fasting levels of HbA1c, FPG, triglycerides (TG) or high sensitive CRP. Post-fasting leptin was positively correlated with post-fasting BW, BMI, WC, and HC. Post-fasting βHB was positively correlated with post-fasting TG, HbA1c, and LDL-C. Leptin levels change (pre vs post fasting) was positively correlated with the change in LDL-C levels. CONCLUSION IF reduced leptin and increased β-hydroxybutyrate levels. IF is an effective tool for losing weight and visceral fat and improving lipid profile in obese and overweight patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Atwa Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Megahed Abouelmagd
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aya Elbialy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Elwassefy
- Clinical pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fady Kyrillos
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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10
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Gul R, Khan I, Alam I, Almajwal A, Hussain I, Sohail N, Hussain M, Cena H, Shafiq S, Aftab A. Ramadan-specific nutrition education improves cardio-metabolic health and inflammation-a prospective nutrition intervention study from Pakistan. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1204883. [PMID: 38249603 PMCID: PMC10798056 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1204883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There are recent reports that Ramadan fasting (RF) results in weight gain instead of weight loss. In addition, the data on the efficacy of brief nutrition education on healthy eating practices in Ramadan for better health are scarce. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of brief nutrition education before the start of RF on healthy eating practices during RF. For this purpose, a prospective observational study focused on "Dietary Education and Awareness for Ramadan (DEAR)" as an intervention was carried out. The participants (n = 74) were recruited and divided into two groups, i.e., intervention and control groups (n = 37 each). As an intervention, nutrition education lessons were given before and during RF month. The control group did not attend these nutrition education lessons. Data on anthropometrics, dietary intake, and other parameters were collected at three time points: before, in the end, and 4 weeks after RF. Weight was measured in kg; height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured in cm; and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was calculated by dividing the waist value by the hip value. Body composition analysis was performed by the body composition analyzer (BF-907). Blood pressure (BP) was measured using a validated automated blood pressure. A 3-5 ml of venous blood was collected, and plasma and serum were separated. Serum and plasma samples were processed for general blood chemistry (blood lipid profile, glucose, and CRP) within 2 h. CRP was determined by the immunoturbidimetry method using an auto-analyzer. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine cytokine/chemokines. Adherence to nutrition education (intervention) was assessed. The results show that nutrition education has positive effects on overall nutrition. Significant improvement in dietary adherence to dietary advice in the intervention group was noted. Significant BW loss (mean loss: 1.21 kg) in the intervention group was observed. The majority (63.3%) had lost BW ≥ 1.0 kg. Other changes observed as a result of the intervention included improvements in blood glucose, cholesterol, CRP levels, and systolic and diastolic BP. There was a notable shift in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations: IL-7, IL-4, and TGF-α decreased, while IL-2, TNF-α and resistin, IL-1 RA, IL-17 A, and sCD40 increased. In conclusion, RF resulted in a loss in mean BW and an improvement in related blood chemistry and cytokine profiles. Furthermore, nutrition education before RF resulted in better nutrition practices during RF and a desirable healthy BW, blood lipid, and cytokine profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Gul
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Poonch, Pakistan
| | - Namrah Sohail
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hellas Cena
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sunara Shafiq
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Anam Aftab
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
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11
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Bilibio BLE, Dos Reis WR, Compagnon L, de Batista DG, Sulzbacher LM, Pinheiro JF, Ludwig MS, Frizzo MN, Cruzat V, Heck TG. Effects of alternate-day fasting and time-restricted feeding in obese middle-aged female rats. Nutrition 2023; 116:112198. [PMID: 37717500 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a multifactorial condition associated with metabolic alterations that can be aggravated during female aging. Calorie restriction via intermittent fasting (IF) diets may reduce body weight and therefore have the potential to decrease obesity and associated comorbidities, such as insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of two IF protocols, alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in middle-aged obese female rats. METHODS Wistar rats (age 15 mo) were fed with standard chow or high-fat diet for 8 wk and then separated into the following groups (n = 5-8 each) for another 8 wk: control (received standard chow), obese (received high-fat diet), obese + ADF (24-h fasting protocol), and obese + TRF (14 h daily). RESULTS At the end of the study, both IF protocols were able to reduce body weight and body mass index compared with the obese group. However, no changes were observed in adiposity and glucose homeostasis. We also found an increase in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes in the TRF group and a higher number of platelets in the ADF group. Blood lipid profiles, including triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein, as well as liver stress responses, such as heat shock protein 70 and malondialdehyde, were not changed by IF. CONCLUSIONS Although ADF and TRF protocols resulted in a reduction of body weight and body mass index, these dietary interventions did not promote health benefits, such as reducing blood lipid profile, adiposity, and insulin resistance. In addition, ADF and TRF increased inflammatory biomarkers, which may increase the risk of obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna L Endl Bilibio
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Welerson R Dos Reis
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Letícia Compagnon
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Diovana G de Batista
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modelling, Regional University of North-western Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Pinheiro
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Mirna S Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Matias N Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thiago G Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modelling, Regional University of North-western Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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12
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Mishra S, Persons PA, Lorenzo AM, Chaliki SS, Bersoux S. Time-Restricted Eating and Its Metabolic Benefits. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7007. [PMID: 38002621 PMCID: PMC10672223 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Newer management strategies are being evaluated to treat obesity, which continues to increase worldwide. After 12 h of fasting, the body switches from glucose to fat metabolism, regulating protein synthesis and autophagy. These cellular responses are central to the metabolic benefits of time-restricted eating (TRE), independent of calorie restriction and weight loss, and they have heightened interest in TRE regimens. Controversy remains, however, regarding the benefits of TRE regimens. We reviewed the current literature and concluded that TRE is equivalent to calorie restriction for weight loss and has positive effects for patients with diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Mishra
- Division of Community Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (P.A.P.); (A.M.L.); (S.S.C.); (S.B.)
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13
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Engel OJ, Doctory N, Sun B, Miller N, Levi M, Schreiber H, Samara N, Wiser A, Haikin Herzberger E. The Effect of Month-Long Daily Fasting on Semen Parameters: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2023; 88:384-390. [PMID: 37883941 PMCID: PMC10794961 DOI: 10.1159/000534773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether Ramadan month-long daily fasting affects semen analysis parameters. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted in tertiary academic medical center. Medical records of 97 Muslim patients who were admitted to the IVF unit from May 2011 to May 2021 were reviewed. Only men who provided at least one semen sample during Ramadan period (Ramadan month +70 days after) and one sample not during Ramadan were included. Semen characteristics of each patient were independently compared to themselves. RESULTS The post-gradient semen analysis indicated significantly lower progressive sperm motility (mean 30.01 ± 20.46 vs. 38.12 ± 25.13) (p < 0.001). The decrease in the progressive motility remained significant among patients with non-male factor indications (p < 0.001). In the non-male factor indication group, the difference in the progressive motility of the post-gradient semen analysis between the 2 samples was not statistically significant (p = 0.4). There were no significant differences between semen parameters before centrifuging. The incidence of asthenospermia (progressive sperm motility <32%) as an absolute parameter was higher after centrifuging the semen sample during the Ramadan period (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Semen samples collected during Ramadan period were associated with lower progressive motility and reduced semen volume compared to semen samples from the same men outside of the Ramadan period. A possible effect of these altered semen parameters on fertility should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offra J. Engel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Doctory
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bei Sun
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Netanella Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Matan Levi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanoch Schreiber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nivin Samara
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sara Racine In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Wiser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Haikin Herzberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Murta L, Seixas D, Harada L, Damiano RF, Zanetti M. Intermittent Fasting as a Potential Therapeutic Instrument for Major Depression Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15551. [PMID: 37958535 PMCID: PMC10647529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported positive effects of Intermittent Fasting (IF) on metabolic parameters, cognition, and mood. However, regarding depressive symptoms, the effect of IF is not clear. The purpose of this review was to assess the available evidence on IF interventions for depression in both clinical and preclinical studies. Of the 23 included studies, 15 were performed on humans and 8 on animal models. The studies on rodents suggested that IF acts as a circadian regulator, improving neurotransmitter availability and increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors in the brain. However, the investigations on humans mainly evaluated healthy volunteers and showed a great heterogeneity regarding both the IF regimen studied and the observed effects on mood. Most available clinical trials have specific limitations, such as small sample sizes and uncontrolled designs. A comprehensive systematic review was conducted on five databases, PubMed, Cochrane, the Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science databases, BVS and Scopus, identifying 23 relevant studies up to 6 October 2022. IF has potentially relevant physiological effects for the treatment of mood disorders, but better designed studies and controlled evaluations are needed to evaluate its efficiency in the treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Murta
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil; (L.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Daniela Seixas
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (D.S.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Luana Harada
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil; (L.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Rodolfo Furlan Damiano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (D.S.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Marcus Zanetti
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil; (L.H.); (M.Z.)
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15
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Margină DM, Drăgoi CM. Intermittent Fasting on Human Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4491. [PMID: 37960144 PMCID: PMC10649432 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but most of all in industrialized countries, and are fundamentally correlated to improper nutrition and impaired lifestyle behaviours [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Marilena Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Manuela Drăgoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Wang X, Dong B, Huang F, Zhang J, He R, Du S, Zhang J, Ma J, Wang H, Zhang B, Liang W. Temporal Trends in Cardiovascular Health Status Among Chinese School-Aged Children From 1989 to 2018: Multiwave Cross-Sectional Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e45564. [PMID: 37870895 PMCID: PMC10628687 DOI: 10.2196/45564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the release of updated metrics for Life's Essential 8 (LE8), key indicators for assessing cardiovascular health (CVH) status, there is currently no report on their distribution among Chinese children. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the nationwide distribution of CVH in Chinese school-aged children using LE8 scores and analyze temporal changes in these scores over time. METHODS Participants aged 7 to 19 years from 11 waves (between 1989 and 2018) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included in this study. LE8 components were grouped into 2 domains of health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep) and health factors (BMI, blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure). Scores of overall CVH and each LE8 metric were calculated individually. Temporal changes were assessed with joint point regression models by rural and urban living residence. The causal relationships between health behaviors and health factors that changed the most over time were built with cross-lagged panel models. RESULTS A total of 21,921 participants, 52.6% (n=11,537) of whom were male, who had data for at least 4 CVH components were included in the analysis. The mean age was 13 (SD 3.6) years. The overall CVH score remained stable in most regions, with the lowest found in Shandong from East China, which had a mean between 67 (SD 10.9) and 67.2 (SD 12.4). In contrast, the highest score was found in Guizhou from Southwest China, with a mean between 71.4 (SD 10.8) and 74.3 (SD 10.3). In rural areas, the diet score decreased significantly from 1997 onward with a speed of 0.18 (95% CI: 0.15-0.21; P<.001) per year, and the BMI score decreased significantly from 2005 onward with a speed of 0.56 (95% CI 0.44-0.68; P<.001) per year. In urban areas, the diet score decreased from 1994 onward with a speed of 0.03 (95% CI: 0.001-0.07; P=.04) per year, and the BMI score decreased from 2002 onward with a speed of 0.63 (95% CI 0.47-0.79; P<.001) per year. The sleep score dropped constantly in both urban and rural areas, with a speed of 0.69 (95% CI 0.58-0.80; P<.001) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52-0.86; P<.001) per year, respectively. A decline in the diet score led to a decline in the BMI score with a coefficient of 0.190 (95% CI 0.030-0.351; P=.02), while a decline in the BMI score led to a decline in sleep health with a coefficient of 0.089 (95% CI 0.010-0.168; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS Chinese school-aged children and adolescents were generally of moderate CVH status, but mutual influences existed between CVH metrics. Dietary interventions should be prioritized for promoting overall CVH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijie Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxin He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jiguo Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wannian Liang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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17
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Madkour MI, Islam MT, Tippetts TS, Chowdhury KH, Lesniewski LA, Summers SA, Zeb F, Abdelrahim DN, AlKurd R, Khraiwesh HM, AbuShihab KH, AlBakri A, Obaideen K, Faris ME. Ramadan intermittent fasting is associated with ameliorated inflammatory markers and improved plasma sphingolipids/ceramides in subjects with obesity: lipidomics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17322. [PMID: 37833312 PMCID: PMC10576029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is associated with enormous metabolic alterations that underpin its diverse health effects. Changes in lipid metabolism, particularly ceramides, and other sphingolipids, are among the most notable of these alterations. This study investigated the lipidomic alterations associated with 29-30 days of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RIF) in metabolically healthy overweight and obese subjects. A prospective cohort of 57 overweight and obese adults (70% males, 38.4 ± 11.2 years), with an age range of 18-58 years was observed prior to and at the conclusion of Ramadan. At both time points, anthropometric, biochemical (lipid profile, glycemic, and inflammatory markers), and dietary intake measurements were taken. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, a lipidomic analysis of ceramides and other sphingolipids was conducted. Using paired sample t-tests, pre- and post-Ramadan anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary values were compared. RIF was associated with improved levels of lipid profile compartments and inflammatory markers. In addition, RIF was associated with a decrease in plasma sphingosine and sphinganine, which was accompanied by a decrease in sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphinganine 1-phosphate. In addition, RIF was associated with decreased C17, C22, and C24 sphingomyelin, but not C14, C16, C18, C20, and C24:1 sphingomyelin, as well as C20, C22, C24, and C24:1 dihydrosphingomyelin, but not C16 and C18 dihydrosphingomyelin. This study demonstrates that RIF is associated with improvements in plasma sphingosine, sphinganine sphingomyelin, and dihydrosphingomyelin lipid species, as well as improved lipid profile and inflammatory markers, which may confer short-term protection against cardiometabolic problems in patients with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trevor S Tippetts
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kamrul H Chowdhury
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Refat AlKurd
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Husam M Khraiwesh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Katia H AbuShihab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Asma AlBakri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - MoezAlIslam E Faris
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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Bougrine H, Salem A, Nasser N, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Ramadan Fasting and Short-Term Maximal Physical Performance: Searching for Optimal Timing of the Last Meal "Suhoor" in Female Pre-University Handball Players. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2160-2178. [PMID: 37887153 PMCID: PMC10606875 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to identify the ideal suhoor timing for maintaining optimal physical performance and health indicators during Ramadan intermittent fasting, the present study compares the effects of early vs. late Suhoor on short-term high-intensity physical exercise while controlling the body mass index (BMI) oral temperature (OT), dietary intake, and sleep patterns. In a randomized design, 19 female pre-university handball players (age: 16.8 ± 0.4 y; height: 1.70 ± 0.9 m; and body mass: 61.5 ± 6.9 kg) underwent two test sessions (at 08:00 a.m. and 05:00 p.m.) at four different conditions: ten days prior to Ramadan (R - 10), the final ten days of Ramadan (R) including both Early Suhoor R(ES) and Late Suhoor R(LS) conditions, and the ten days immediately following Ramadan (R + 10). A recovery period of at least 48 h has been set between successive test sessions at each period. Outcome measures included the Countermovement Jumps Test (CMJ), Modified Agility t-Test (MATT), Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA), and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), OT, BMI, and daily diary intake were assessed across the three periods. The total scores of PSQI decreased significantly during R and R + 10 compared to R - 10. When performed in the afternoon, CMJ, MATT, and RSA performance decreased significantly at R(ES) and R(LS) conditions compared to R - 10. However, these performances decreased only after R(ES) when performed in the morning. Furthermore, performances were lower during R(ES) compared to R(LS) in the afternoon for all tests and the morning for MATT and RSA tests. These findings support prior research showing a deterioration of physical performance during Ramadan fasting and indicate a more pronounced impact following early Suhoor condition. Therefore, consuming a late suhoor, closer to pre-dawn time, could be suggested as an effective strategy to minimize physical performance decline during short-term high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, Gafsa University, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Atef Salem
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nidhal Nasser
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
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Shrestha R, Gurung P, Lim J, Thapa Magar TB, Kim CW, Lee HY, Kim YW. Anti-Obesity Effect of Chlorin e6-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1053. [PMID: 37513964 PMCID: PMC10384435 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) for anti-obesity activities in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse models. We induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice by HFD and administered Ce6 (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) orally with 3 h of incubation. The mice were then exposed to light of high fluence rate (4.96 mW/cm2) or low fluence rate (2.56 mW/cm2) in the designed LED mouse chamber 2-3 days a week for up to 8 weeks. The study also analyzed the pharmacokinetics and optimization of the drug by evaluating the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of Ce6 in the rat models. Both low doses (2.5 mg/kg) and high doses (5 mg/kg) of Ce6 with high irradiation dose showed better anti-obesity effects than other groups with decreased body weight. The lipid accumulation in the liver and adipocyte size in epididymal adipose tissues were found to be decreased by Ce6-PDT in comparison to vehicle-treated HFD groups. We also observed increased levels of the lipidomic biomarkers, such as leptin and LDL cholesterol, while observing decreasing levels of total cholesterol and adiponectin in the Ce6-PDT-treated mice. These findings may provide valuable insight into Ce6-PDT as an alternative and non-invasive therapeutic methodology for obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Shrestha
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Cheong-Wun Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yong Lee
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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20
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DEMİRCİ E, ÖZKAN E. Improvement in endothelial function in hypertensive patients after Ramadan fasting: effects of cortisol. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:439-445. [PMID: 37476871 PMCID: PMC10392094 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are studies on the effects of Ramadan fasting (RF), which is one of the intermittent fasting diets, on both hypertension and endothelial function. However, the relationship between possible improvements in endothelial function and blood pressure after RF is not clear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of RF on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension (HT). METHODS : Sixty-four HT patients, aged 45-65, who were followed up in the Cardiology Department of Kayseri City Hospital and fasted during Ramadan between 13 April and 13 May 2021 with their self-consents were enrolled to study. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were assessed before and after Ramadan. Also, 5 mL venous blood samples were taken between 8:00 and 8:30 a.m. from all participants to assess cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other laboratory data. RESULTS : In patients, FMD values were found to be higher after Ramadan compared to values before the fasting period (p < 0.001). CRPand cortisol levels decreased after fasting, and the decrease in CRP (95% CI for B = -1.685 - -0.334, p = 0.009) and cortisol levels (95% CI for B = -0.392 - 0.092, p = 0.039) were determined as the predictive factors for FMD after RF. DISCUSSION Endothelial functions as determined by FMD improved after 30 days of intermittent fasting. The decreased CRP and cortisol levels may contribute to the improvement in FMD after RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan DEMİRCİ
- Department of Cardiology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Eyüp ÖZKAN
- Department of Cardiology, İstanbul Başakşehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkey
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21
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Tibi S, Ahmed S, Nizam Y, Aldoghmi M, Moosa A, Bourenane K, Yakub M, Mohsin H. Implications of Ramadan Fasting in the Setting of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Cureus 2023; 15:e36972. [PMID: 37139278 PMCID: PMC10151003 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is an increasingly popular dieting technique with many well-studied benefits, such as permitting weight loss in obese patients, lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and triglyceride levels, and optimizing circadian rhythms. A special type of intermittent fasting occurs during Ramadan, when Muslims worldwide fast daily from dawn to sunset for a month. Ramadan fasting has demonstrated several health benefits, including improving the gut microbiome, modifying gut hormone levels, and lowering proinflammatory markers such as cytokines and blood lipids. Although fasting has many health benefits, fasting during Ramadan may aggravate chronic medical conditions. We aim to review the literature devoted to Ramadan fasting and its effects on Muslim patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), upper GI bleeding (UGIB), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and liver conditions. We will discuss recommendations for diet and medication compliance during Ramadan in the recommended pre-Ramadan counseling sessions. In this study, we used PubMed to research journals using the key terms "Ramadan," "intermittent fasting," and "gastrointestinal diseases." The current literature studying the impact of Ramadan on gastrointestinal disorders shows that patients with IBD have a minimal risk of disease exacerbation, although older men with ulcerative colitis (UC) were more prone to exacerbation during fasting. Patients with duodenal ulcers were at a higher risk of hemorrhage after Ramadan fasting. Although with mixed results, studies show patients with liver disease demonstrated improvements in liver enzymes, cholesterol, and bilirubin after Ramadan. Physicians should offer pre-Ramadan counseling to educate patients on the risks of fasting and encourage shared decision-making. To facilitate more definitive discussions between the physician and a Muslim patient, clinicians should seek a deeper understanding of how Ramadan fasting affects certain health conditions and offer accommodations, such as diet and medication adjustments.
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22
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Khan MAB, BaHammam AS, Amanatullah A, Obaideen K, Arora T, Ali H, Cheikh Ismail L, Abdelrahim DN, Al-Houqani M, Allaham K, Abdalrazeq R, Aloweiwi WS, Mim SS, Mektebi A, Amiri S, Sulaiman SK, Javaid SF, Hawlader MDH, Tsiga-Ahmed FI, Elbarazi I, Manggabarani S, Hunde GA, Chelli S, Sotoudeh M, Faris ME. Examination of sleep in relation to dietary and lifestyle behaviors during Ramadan: A multi-national study using structural equation modeling among 24,500 adults amid COVID-19. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1040355. [PMID: 36969823 PMCID: PMC10030961 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Of around 2 billion Muslims worldwide, approximately 1.5 billion observe Ramadan fasting (RF) month. Those that observe RF have diverse cultural, ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds and are distributed over a wide geographical area. Sleep is known to be significantly altered during the month of Ramadan, which has a profound impact on human health. Moreover, sleep is closely connected to dietary and lifestyle behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data using a structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire that was translated into 13 languages and disseminated to Muslim populations across 27 countries. The questionnaire assessed dietary and lifestyle factors as independent variables, and three sleep parameters (quality, duration, and disturbance) as dependent variables. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine how dietary and lifestyle factors affected these sleep parameters. Results In total, 24,541 adults were enrolled in this study. SEM analysis revealed that during RF, optimum sleep duration (7-9 h) was significantly associated with sufficient physical activity (PA) and consuming plant-based proteins. In addition, smoking was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance and lower sleep quality. Participants that consumed vegetables, fruits, dates, and plant-based proteins reported better sleep quality. Infrequent consumption of delivered food and infrequent screen time were also associated with better sleep quality. Conflicting results were found regarding the impact of dining at home versus dining out on the three sleep parameters. Conclusion Increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and plant-based proteins are important factors that could help improve healthy sleep for those observing RF. In addition, regular PA and avoiding smoking may contribute to improving sleep during RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moien A B Khan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Amanatullah
- Knowledge and Research Support Services Department, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Teresa Arora
- Department of Psychology, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Ali
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Al-Houqani
- Internal Medicine College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Allaham
- Department of Neurology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Somayea Sultana Mim
- Chattogram International Medical College and Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Ammar Mektebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Türkiye
| | - Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Syed Fahad Javaid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Gamechu Atomsa Hunde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sabrina Chelli
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (Bahrain), Al Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Mitra Sotoudeh
- Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - MoezAlIslam Ezzat Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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23
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El-Taravi Y, Baimukhambetova DV, Gorlenko CL, Kiseljow HY, Kokhanovskaia II, Burotina AI, Rassadina ES, Martirosian NS, Petunina NA. Management of diabetes during Ramadan: an update for Russian-speaking doctors. DIABETES MELLITUS 2023. [DOI: 10.14341/dm12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fasting during the Islamic Ramadan month is one of the five obligatory pillars for each adult, healthy, and sane Muslim. People with severe illnesses, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are exempt from fasting. However, many Muslims often insist on Ramadan participating despite any medical advises. It’s known that Muslims are the second largest religious group in Russia; thus, its crucial to have as much modern recommendation for management patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as possible. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate physiological and pathophysiological metabolism changing during holy Ramadan month, to clarify the management of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan, to determine the frequency of glucose measuring during the day, and to understand when its time to interrupt the fasting. Moreover, we discuss specific recommendations in glucose-lowering therapy changing, nutrition, physical activities and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.A. El-Taravi
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - C. L. Gorlenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - H. Yu. Kiseljow
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - A. I. Burotina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - E. S. Rassadina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - N. S. Martirosian
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); L.A. Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital No. 67
| | - N. A. Petunina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); L.A. Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital No. 67
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24
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Al-Jafar R, Wahyuni NS, Belhaj K, Ersi MH, Boroghani Z, Alreshidi A, Alkhalaf Z, Elliott P, Tsilidis KK, Dehghan A. The impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on anthropometric measurements and body composition: Evidence from LORANS study and a meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1082217. [PMID: 36733380 PMCID: PMC9886683 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1082217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on anthropometry and body composition has been questioned, none of the previous studies tried to explain the reported changes in these parameters. Also, systematic reviews that investigated the topic were limited to healthy individuals or a specific disease group. Methods The London Ramadan Study (LORANS) is an observational study on health effects of RIF. We measured weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat percentage (FP), free-fat mass (FFM), extremities predicted muscle mass, total body water (TBW), trunk FM, trunk FFM and trunk predicted muscle mass before and immediately after Ramadan. Using mixed-effects regression models, we investigated the effect of RIF with adjustment for potential confounders. We also conducted a meta-analysis of the results of LORANS with other studies that investigated the effect of RIF on anthropometry and body composition. The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO registry (CRD42020186532). Results We recruited 146 participants (Mean ± SD age = 43.3 ± 15 years). Immediately after Ramadan, compared with before Ramadan, the mean difference was-1.6 kg (P<0.01) in weight,-1.95cm (P<0.01) in WC,-2.86cm (P <0.01) in HC, -0.60 kg/m2 (P < 0.01) in BMI and -1.24 kg (P < 0.01) in FM. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, after screening 2,150 titles and abstracts, 66 studies comprising 7,611 participants were included. In the general population, RIF was followed by a reduction of 1.12 Kg in body weight (-1.89- -0.36, I2 = 0), 0.74 kg/m2 reduction in BMI (-0.96- -0.53, I2 = 0), 1.54cm reduction in WC (-2.37- -0.71, I2 = 0) and 1.76cm reduction in HC (-2.69- -0.83, I2 = 0). The effect of fasting on anthropometric and body composition parameters starts to manifest in the second week of Ramadan and starts to diminish 3 weeks after Ramadan. Conclusion RIF is associated with a reduction in body weight, BMI, WC, HC, FM, FP and TBW. Most of these reductions are partially attributed to reduced FM and TBW. The reductions in these parameters appear to reverse after Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al-Jafar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Data Services, Lean Business Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisa Sri Wahyuni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Belhaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hamed Ersi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Boroghani
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Clinical Research Development of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amer Alreshidi
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Hail General Hospital, Hail Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra Alkhalaf
- Dammam Medical Complex, Medical and Clinical Affairs, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Madkour M, Giddey AD, Soares NC, Semreen MH, Bustanji Y, Zeb F, Halwani R, Faris ME. Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting is associated with significant plasma metabolomics changes in subjects with overweight and obesity: A prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1008730. [PMID: 36698470 PMCID: PMC9868699 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the holy month of Ramadan, adult healthy Muslims are mandated to abstain from dawn to sunset, with free eating at night hours that may extend up to 12 h. The current work was designed to investigate the metabolomics changes incurred upon the observance of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF). Methods Twenty-five metabolically healthy participants with overweight and obesity (7 females and 18 males, with a mean age of 39.48 ± 10.0 years) were recruited for the study and were followed before and at the end of RDIF month. Dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, and physical activity assessments were performed before and at the end of the fasting month. The metabolomic assay was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the two-time points. Results and discussion Metabolomics assay revealed a significant reduction in a few metabolites. The analysis revealed that 27 metabolites differed significantly (P < 0.05) between pre-and post-RDIF. Among the differentially abundant metabolites, 23 showed a decrease with fasting, these included several amino acids such as aspartame, tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine, and other metabolites including valeric acid, and cortisol. On the other hand, only four metabolites showed increased levels after RDIF including traumatic acid, 2-pyrrolidinone, PC[18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)], and L-sorbose. The MetaboAnalyst® platform reported that the top enriched metabolic pathways included: (1) histidine metabolism; (2) folate biosynthesis (3) phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; (4) aminoacyltRNA biosynthesis; (5) caffeine metabolism; (6) vitamin B6 metabolism; and several other pathways relating to lipid metabolisms such as arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. In conclusion, RDIF entails significant changes in various metabolic pathways that reflect different dietary and lifestyle behaviors practiced during the fasting month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D. Giddey
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: MoezAlIslam E. Faris, ,
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Kofler B, Herzog C. Dietary restriction in senolysis and prevention and treatment of disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5242-5268. [PMID: 36484738 PMCID: PMC7616065 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents a key risk factor for a plethora of diseases. Targeting detrimental processes which occur during aging, especially before onset of age-related disease, could provide drastic improvements in healthspan. There is increasing evidence that dietary restriction (DR), including caloric restriction, fasting, or fasting-mimicking diets, extend both lifespan and healthspan. This has sparked interest in the use of dietary regimens as a non-pharmacological means to slow aging and prevent disease. Here, we review the current evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying DR-induced health improvements, including removal of senescent cells, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Jahrami H, Trabelsi K, Alhaj OA, Saif Z, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS. The impact of Ramadan fasting on the metabolic syndrome severity in relation to ethnicity and sex: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2714-2729. [PMID: 36333203 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary goal of this meta-analysis was to examine the changes in various components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in healthy adults who observed Ramadan fasting (RF) before Ramadan (T1) and at the end of RF (T2). A secondary goal was to assess the impact of RF on MetS severity in various ethnic and sex groups using the MetS z-score. DATA SYNTHESIS Using PRISMA2020, seven databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 1950 and March 2022. Data extraction involved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for T1 and T2, respectively. The MetS z-score was computed according to international diabetes federation criteria. At T1, the pooled estimates of HDL, TG, FBG, WC, SBP, DBP, and MAP were 1.20 [1.13; 1.27] mmol/L, 1.32 [1.23; 1.42] mmol/L, 4.98 [4.82; 5.15] mmol/L, 87.21 [84.21; 90.21] Cm, 114.22 [101.45; 126.99] mmHg, 76.80 [70.12; 83.47] mmHg, and 89.27 [80.56; 97.98] mmHg, respectively. At T2, the pooled estimates of HDL, TG, FBG, WC, SBP, DBP, and MAP were 1.24 [1.18; 1.31] mmol/L, 1.24 [1.14; 1.34] mmol/L, 4.77 [4.55; 4.99] mmol/L, 85.73 [82.83; 88.64] Cm, 109.48 [97.20; 121.75] mmHg, 74.43 [68.01; 80.85] mmHg, and 86.11 [77.74; 94.48] mmHg, respectively. The MetS z-score showed improvement at T2 for all ethnic groups and both sexes by -0.22 [-0.24; -0.01]. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis suggests that the RF positively impact the MetS components and the overall MetS z-score. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER ID CRD42022329297 OPEN SCIENCE FRAMEWORK IDENTIFIER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/U9H7T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Omar A Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
| | | | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc., College Street, Toronto, Canada; Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA6, Saudi Arabia.
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Chrononutrition-When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235080. [PMID: 36501110 PMCID: PMC9739590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on 'what to eat' or 'how much to eat' to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that 'when to eat' is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Bouillon-Minois JB, Outrey J, Pereira B, Adeyemi OJ, Sapin V, Bouvier D, Thivel D, de Saint-Vincent S, Ugbolue UC, Baker JS, Bagheri R, Schmidt J, Trousselard M, Dutheil F. The Impact of Job-Demand-Control-Support on Leptin and Ghrelin as Biomarkers of Stress in Emergency Healthcare Workers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235009. [PMID: 36501040 PMCID: PMC9741408 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the available literature on the consequences of night shiftwork on stress and food intake, its impact on leptin and ghrelin has never been studied. We previously demonstrated that leptin and ghrelin were biomarkers related to stress, and acute stress-induced a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in ghrelin levels. We performed a prospective observational study to assess the influence of night work, nutrition, and stress on the levels of ghrelin and leptin among emergency healthcare workers (HCWs). We took salivary samples at the beginning of a day shift and/or at the end of a night shift. We also monitored stress using the job demand-control-support model of Karasek. We recorded 24-h food intake during the day shift and the consecutive night shift and during night work and the day before. We included 161 emergency HCWs. Emergency HCWs had a tendency for decreased levels of leptin following the night shift compared to before the dayshift (p = 0.067). Furthermore, the main factors explaining the decrease in leptin levels were an increase in job-demand (coefficient -54.1, 95 CI -99.0 to -0.92) and a decrease in job control (-24.9, -49.5 to -0.29). Despite no significant changes in ghrelin levels between shifts, social support was the main factor explaining the increase in ghrelin (6.12, 0.74 to 11.5). Food intake (kcal) also had a negative impact on leptin levels, in addition to age. Ghrelin levels also decreased with body mass index, while age had the opposite effect. In conclusion, we confirmed that ghrelin and leptin as biomarkers of stress were directly linked to the job demand-control-support model of Karasek, when the main cofounders were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-73-75-19-99; Fax: +33-4-73-27-46-49
| | - Justin Outrey
- Emergency Department, CHU de Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Oluwaseun John Adeyemi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Centre de Biologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Centre de Biologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Research Center in Human Nutrition, Laboratory AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63120 Aubière, France
| | - Sarah de Saint-Vincent
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Trousselard
- Neurophysiology of Stress, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, IRBA, F-91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Boujelbane MA, Trabelsi K, Jahrami HA, Masmoudi L, Ammar A, Khacharem A, Boukhris O, Puce L, Garbarino S, Scoditti E, Khanfir S, Msaad A, Msaad A, Akrout S, Hakim A, Bragazzi NL, Bryk K, Glenn JM, Chtourou H. Time-restricted feeding and cognitive function in sedentary and physically active elderly individuals: Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting as a model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1041216. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) on cognitive performance, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and insomnia in physically active and sedentary elderly individuals.MethodsA total of 58 participants (62.93 ± 3.99 years) were assigned to one of the following two groups: a sedentary group (control group) who observed Ramadan (n = 32) and a physically active group (n = 26) who continued to train while observing Ramadan. Participants were assessed 2 weeks before Ramadan and during the fourth week of Ramadan. On each occasion, participants completed a digital assessment of their cognitive performance and responded to the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the insomnia severity index (ISI) and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) questionnaires to assess sleep parameters.ResultsCompared to before Ramadan, performance in executive function (p = 0.035), attention (p = 0.005), inhibition (p = 0.02), associative memory (p = 0.041), and recognition memory (p = 0.025) increased significantly during Ramadan in the physically active group. For the sedentary group, associative learning performance decreased (p = 0.041), whilst performances in the remaining domains remained unchanged during Ramadan. Global PSQI, ISI, and ESS scores indicated both groups suffered from poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness, with significantly higher negative effects of RDIF observed in the sedentary group.ConclusionOlder adults who continue to train at least three times per week during Ramadan may improve their cognitive performance, despite the impairment of sleep quality. Future studies in older adults during Ramadan including objective measures of sleep (e.g., polysomnography, actigraphy) and brain function (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging) are warranted.
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Aydin E, Aydin S, Gül M, Yetim M, Demir M, Özkan C, Karakurt M, Burak C, Bayraktar MF, Temizer O, Erbay İ, Muştu M, Karagöz A, Üzoğullari İR, Şen T, Özeke Ö, Topaloğlu S, Aras D, Tanboğa Hİ. Influence of Intermittent Fasting During Ramadan on Circadian Variation of Symptom-Onset and Prehospital Time Delay in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Angiology 2022; 74:569-578. [PMID: 35975875 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ramadan interferes with circadian rhythms mainly by disturbing the routine patterns of feeding and smoking. The objective of this study was to investigate the circadian pattern of ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the month of Ramadan. We studied consecutive STEMI patients 1 month before and after Ramadan (non-Ramadan group-NRG) and during Ramadan (Ramadan group-RG). The RG group was also divided into two groups, based on whether they chose to fast: fasting (FG) and non-fasting group (NFG). The time of STEMI onset was compared. A total of 742 consecutive STEMI patients were classified into 4 groups by 6 h intervals according to time-of-day at symptom onset. No consistent circadian variation in the onset of STEMI was observed both between the RG (P = .938) and NRG (P = .766) or between the FG (P = .232) and NFG (P = .523). When analyzed for subgroups of the study sample, neither smoking nor diabetes showed circadian rhythm. There was a trend towards a delay from symptom onset to hospital presentation, particularly at evening hours in the RG compared with the control group. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in STEMI onset time, but the time from symptom onset to hospital admission was significantly delayed during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertan Aydin
- Cardiology, Prof. Dr A. İlhan Özdemir Training and Research Hospital, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Gül
- Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Mucahit Yetim
- Cardiology, Erol Olçok Training and Research Hospital, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Demir
- Cardiology, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Can Özkan
- Cardiology, Muş State Hospital, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karakurt
- Cardiology, Kırıkkale Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Burak
- Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 485644Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | | | | | - İlke Erbay
- Cardiology, Muş State Hospital, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Muştu
- Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karagöz
- Cardiology, Prof. Dr A. İlhan Özdemir Training and Research Hospital, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | | | - Taner Şen
- Cardiology, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Özcan Özeke
- Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Topaloğlu
- Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dursun Aras
- Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Exploring the Effects of Energy Constraints on Performance, Body Composition, Endocrinological/Hematological Biomarkers, and Immune System among Athletes: An Overview of the Fasting State. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153197. [PMID: 35956373 PMCID: PMC9370338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ramadan fasting period (RFP) means abstaining from consuming food and/or beverages during certain hours of the day—from sunrise to sunset. Engaging in exercise and sports during the RFP leads to the lipolysis of adipose tissue and an increase in the breakdown of peripheral fat, leading to an increase in fat consumption. The effects of the RFP on functional, hematological, and metabolic parameters needs further study as existing studies have reported contradictory results. The differences in the results of various studies are due to the geographical characteristics of Muslim athletes, their specific diets, and their genetics, which explain these variations. In recent years, the attention of medical and sports researchers on the effects of the RFP and energy restrictions on bodily functions and athletic performance has increased significantly. Therefore, this brief article examines the effects of the RFP on the immune system, body composition, hematology, and the functionality of athletes during and after the RFP. We found that most sporting activities were performed during any time of the day without being affected by Ramadan fasting. Athletes were able to participate in their physical activities during fasting periods and saw few effects on their performance. Sleep and nutritional factors should be adjusted so that athletic performance is not impaired.
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Madkour MI, Hassan RE, Sherif NM, Awadallah S, Abdelrahim DN, Jahrami HA, Abu Shihab K, Faris ME. Haptoglobin polymorphism modulates cardiometabolic impacts of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset Ramadan intermittent fasting among subjects with overweight/obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:110024. [PMID: 35905889 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Haptoglobin (Hp) is a multifaceted marker of inflammation, and mediates the interplay between obesity, inflammation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, the role of the Hp phenotype in modulating intermittent fasting (IF)-induced cardiometabolic changes remains to be elucidated. METHODS Hp phenotype was determined for the study subjects. Cardiometabolic markers were assessed before and at the end of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset IF. RESULTS A total of 114 subjects (75 males and 39 females, 38.7 ± 11.7 years, body mass index (BMI) of 30.41 ± 5.09 kg/m2) were recruited. Hp2-2 (n = 55, 48.2 %) and Hp2-1 (n = 53, 46.5 %) were the predominant phenotypes. Significant reductions were observed in serum Hp, IL-6, TNF-α, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, BMI, and fat mass (FM), while a significant elevation was observed in serum CD163, HDL, and IL-10 at the end of the IF month for the whole population. Based on the Hp polymorphism, significant decreases in Hp, BMI, FM, TG, LDL, and TNF-α, with significant increases in HDL and CD163 levels were observed among subjects with Hp2-2 and Hp2-1 phenotypes. A more pronounced reduction in FM was reported in subjects with Hp2-2 in comparison with Hp2-1. CONCLUSION Hp gene polymorphism modulates IF-induced changes in cardiometabolic markers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN18205186; https://trialsearch.who.int/?TrialID=ISRCTN18205186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Sherif
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham A Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Bahrain; College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
| | - Katia Abu Shihab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAlIslam E Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Standart diyet ile beslenen ratlarda aralıklı beslenmenin büyüme ve ghrelin hormonu üzerine etkisi. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1123443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, the effect of intermittent fasting on growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin was examined in rats that fed on a standard diet without any application that may cause the values to decrease or increase in order to see the net effect of intermittent fasting.
Materials and Methods: 12 Wistar albino male rats were divided into the 1st group as Control (standard diet 2.8% crude fat. 23.1% crude protein. 5% crude fiber. 7.1% crude ash and 12.8% moisture) and the 2nd group as the intermittent fasting together with the diet group (with a 24-hour break from the non-consecutive diet for 2 days a week and all food restricted except water).
Results: As a result of the analysis, it was found that the growth hormone in the intermittent fasting together with the standard diet group tended to increase compared to the control group, and while this value difference was not statistically significant, the ghrelin level was found to be statistically lower than the control group.
Conclusion: As a result, it was found that intermittent fasting tends to increase the level of growth hormone, and to have a decreasing effect on ghrelin level, and it was concluded that it can be considered among the methods to be used to treat obesity and prevent its occurrence.
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Rahman S. Ramadan Fasting and its Health Benefits: What’s New? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam. Fasting entails more than abstaining from food and drink, fasting improves impulse control and aids in the development of good behavior. The holy month of Ramadan falls on the 9th month of the lunar calendar. Ramadan is a month-long fasting period that takes place between dawn and sunset. Some people with diabetes and those who are sick or have certain medical conditions may be exempt. The majority of people with diabetes, on the other hand, choose to fast; even against medical advice. Many studies have been conducted to determine the health benefits of fasting. Apart from the benefits to the body’s organs, Ramadan fasting is also beneficial for the growth of the gut microbiota and gene expression and is believed to impact the body’s autophagy process. Furthermore, Ramadan fasting has an impact on mental health; TC and LDL were lower, while HDL and TG were higher, lowers inflammation, and oxidative stress markers.
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Negm M, Bahaa A, Farrag A, Lithy RM, Badary HA, Essam M, Kamel S, Sakr M, Abd El Aaty W, Shamkh M, Basiony A, Dawoud I, Shehab H. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on inflammatory markers, disease severity, depression, and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:203. [PMID: 35462542 PMCID: PMC9036734 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent fasting (IF) during the month of Ramadan is part of the religious rituals of Muslims. The effect of intermittent fasting on disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still unknown. This is the first study to assess the effect of IF during Ramadan on inflammatory markers in patients diagnosed with IBD. The effects on clinical disease activity, quality of life, and levels of depression were also assessed. Methods Patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) who intended to observe Ramadan fasting were recruited. The following were assessed immediately before and at the end of Ramadan: Serum CRP and stool calprotectin, partial Mayo score, Harvey Bradshaw index (HBI), Simple IBD questionnaire (SIBDQ), and Hamilton depression scale questionnaire. Results 80 patients diagnosed with IBD were recruited (60 UC, 20 CD). Serum CRP and stool calprotectin did not show a significant change before vs after fasting (median CRP 0.53 vs 0.50, P value = 0.27, Calprotectin 163 vs 218 respectively, P value = 0.62). The partial Mayo score showed a significant rise after fasting (median 1 before vs 1 after fasting, mean: 1.79 vs 2.33 respectively, P value = 0.02). Harvey-Bradshaw index did not show a significant change after fasting (median 4 vs 5, P value = 0.4). Multiple linear regression revealed that older age and a higher baseline calprotectin were associated with a higher change in Mayo score after fasting (P value = 0.02 and P value = 0.01, respectively). No significant change was detected in SIBDQ or Hamilton depression scale scores. Conclusions In patients diagnosed with UC, IF during Ramadan was associated with worsening of clinical parameters, the effect was more pronounced in older patients and those with higher baseline calprotectin levels. However, IF during Ramadan was not associated with an adverse effect on objective inflammatory markers (CRP and calprotectin).
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Besbes A, Khemiss M, Bragazzi N, Ben Saad H. The Impacts of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Saliva Flow-Rate and Metabolic Data: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:873502. [PMID: 35464020 PMCID: PMC9019589 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.873502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to report the impacts of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on salivary flow-rate (SFR) and metabolic parameters. A thorough literature search was carried out using the databases PubMed and Scopus from their inception up to 15 July 2021. The Boolean connectors used in PubMed were (Saliva [Mesh] AND Fasting [Mesh]). The same keywords were used in Scopus. Inclusion criteria were defined using PICOS. The research included all original studies involving “healthy” adults and published in English. Methodological quality assessment was performed utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool, which allows attributing scores from 1 to 11 to the selected studies. Two authors carried out the literature search, study selection, and data extraction. Differences on issues were resolved by a third author if necessary. The systematic review protocol was registered within the “Open Science Framework” (Doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DE7BH). Six articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies were heterogeneous and had a high score of bias and several methodological differences. The following parameters were collected: SFR, melatonin, cortisol, glucose, immunoglobulin A (IgA), uric-acid, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The SFR decreased by 10% during Ramadan in fasting subjects. The circadian pattern of melatonin remained unchanged during Ramadan, but melatonin levels dropped significantly from baseline. The salivary cortisol levels were unchanged or increased during Ramadan. The salivary glucose levels were decreased. ALP increased significantly, whilst uric-acid and AST decreased significantly. Salivary IgA decreased during the last week of Ramadan. To conclude, there is a trend toward a decrease in SFR and the content of the majority of the biomarkers investigated, with the exception of ALP and uric-acid. These changes cannot be easily attributed to any single factor (hydration status, dietary habits, physical activity, or hygiene habits). Systematic Review Registration: [https://osf.io/de7bh/], identifier [Doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DE7B].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Besbes
- Laboratory Research of Medical and Molecular Parasitology and Mycology, LR12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unit of Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Khemiss
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicola Bragazzi,
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Research Laboratory “Heart Failure, LR12SP09”, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Farhat Hached, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Ramadan Intermittent Fasting Is Associated with Changes in Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) in Metabolically Healthy Obese Subjects. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58040503. [PMID: 35454343 PMCID: PMC9029631 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dietary modification is the principal approach to the management of hyperlipidemia in adults. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of plasma cholesterol and a target for novel lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies. This study aimed to explore how circulating levels of PCSK9 changed during Ramadan intermittent fasting in metabolically healthy obese subjects. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used convenience sampling to recruit 55 overweight and obese participants (22 females and 33 males) who observed Ramadan fasting. Body weight and composition, glucoregulatory factors, serum PCSK9 concentration, dietary intake, and physical activity were assessed 1 week before and at the end of Ramadan fasting. Results: The median (interquartile range) age was 35 (22) years, and body mass index was 30.2 (5.4). We found significant (p < 0.05) increases in serum levels of PCSK9, serum insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin at the end of Ramadan compared with pre-fasting levels. Significant (p < 0.05) reductions in body weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and adiponectin were also observed at the end of Ramadan. Conclusions: Observing Ramadan fasting was associated with increased PCSK9 levels in metabolically healthy obese subjects. The complex relationships between PCSK9 and insulin resistance and dysregulation of adipokine secretion in relation to dietary and lifestyle modifications during Ramadan warrant further research.
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Madkour MI, Malhab LJB, Abdel-Rahman WM, Abdelrahim DN, Saber-Ayad M, Faris ME. Ramadan Diurnal Intermittent Fasting Is Associated With Attenuated FTO Gene Expression in Subjects With Overweight and Obesity: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:741811. [PMID: 35372458 PMCID: PMC8968860 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.741811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and BackgroundA growing body of evidence supports the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) on normalizing body weight and that the interaction between body genes and environmental factors shapes human susceptibility to developing obesity. FTO gene is one of these genes with metabolic effects related to energy metabolism and body fat deposition. This research examined the changes in FTO gene expression upon Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) in a group of metabolically healthy subjects with overweight and obesity.MethodsSixty-three (63) subjects were recruited, of which 57 (17 males and 40 females, mean age 38.4 ± 11.2 years) subjects with overweight and obesity (BMI = 29.89 ± 5.02 kg/m2were recruited and monitored before and at the end of Ramadan month), and 6 healthy subjects with normal BMI (21.4 ± 2.20 kg/m2) recruited only to standardize the reference for normal levels of FTO gene expression. In the two-time points, anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary assessments were undertaken, and FTO gene expression tests were performed using RNA extracted from the whole blood sample.ResultsIn contrast to normal BMI subjects, the relative gene expressions in overweight/obese were significantly decreased at the end of Ramadan (−32.30%, 95% CI–0.052 −0.981) in comparison with the pre-fasting state. Significant reductions were found in body weight, BMI, fat mass, body fat percent, hip circumference, LDL, IL-6, TNF-α (P<0.001), and in waist circumference (P<0.05), whilst HDL and IL-10 significantly increased (P<0.001) at the end of Ramadan in comparison with the pre-fasting levels. Binary logistic regression analysis for genetic expressions showed no significant association between high-energy intake, waist circumference, or obesity and FTO gene expression.ConclusionsRIF is associated with the downregulation of the FTO gene expression in subjects with obesity, and this may explain, at least in part, its favorable metabolic effects. Hence, RIF presumably may entail a protective impact against body weight gain and its adverse metabolic-related derangements in subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J. Bou Malhab
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana N. Abdelrahim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Maha Saber-Ayad
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- MoezAlIslam E. Faris
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Hassanein M, Afandi B, Yakoob Ahmedani M, Mohammad Alamoudi R, Alawadi F, Bajaj HS, Basit A, Bennakhi A, El Sayed AA, Hamdy O, Hanif W, Jabbar A, Kleinebreil L, Lessan N, Shaltout I, Mohamad Wan Bebakar W, Abdelgadir E, Abdo S, Al Ozairi E, Al Saleh Y, Alarouj M, Ali T, Ali Almadani A, Helmy Assaad-Khalil S, Bashier AMK, Arifi Beshyah S, Buyukbese MA, Ahmad Chowdhury T, Norou Diop S, Samir Elbarbary N, Elhadd TA, Eliana F, Ezzat Faris M, Hafidh K, Hussein Z, Iraqi H, Kaplan W, Khan TS, Khunti K, Maher S, Malek R, Malik RA, Mohamed M, Sayed Kamel Mohamed M, Ahmed Mohamed N, Pathan S, Rashid F, Sahay RK, Taha Salih B, Sandid MA, Shaikh S, Slim I, Tayeb K, Mohd Yusof BN, Binte Zainudin S. Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109185. [PMID: 35016991 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Though individuals with some illness and serious medical conditions, including some people with diabetes, can be exempted from fasting, many will fast anyway. It is of paramount importance that people with diabetes that fast are given the appropriate guidance and receive proper care. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Diabetes and Ramadan (DaR) International Alliance have come together to provide a substantial update to the previous guidelines. This update includes key information on fasting during Ramadan with type 1 diabetes, the management of diabetes in people of elderly ages and pregnant women, the effects of Ramadan on one's mental wellbeing, changes to the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications, and areas of future research. The IDF-DAR Diabetes and Ramadan Practical Guidelines 2021 seek to improve upon the awareness, knowledge and management of diabetes during Ramadan, and to provide real-world recommendations to health professionals and the people with diabetes who choose to fast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdul Basit
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Osama Hamdy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Sarah Abdo
- Bankstown - Lidcombe Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Yousef Al Saleh
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | - Tomader Ali
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Said Norou Diop
- Department of Medicine, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop De Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hinde Iraqi
- Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU de Rabat, Maroc
| | | | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Salma Maher
- Diabetes UK, Meethi Zindagi Pakistan, Baqai Institute Pakistan, MywayDiabetes UK, Digibete UK
| | - Rachid Malek
- Department of internal Medicine, Setif hospital University, Algeria
| | | | | | | | - Nazeer Ahmed Mohamed
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Sameer Pathan
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ines Slim
- Multidisciplinary Private Clinic "Les Oliviers", Sousse, Tunisia
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Tacad DKM, Tovar AP, Richardson CE, Horn WF, Krishnan GP, Keim NL, Krishnan S. Satiety Associated with Calorie Restriction and Time-Restricted Feeding: Peripheral Hormones. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:792-820. [PMID: 35191467 PMCID: PMC9156388 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a common approach to inducing negative energy balance. Recently, time-restricted feeding (TRF), which involves consuming food within specific time windows during a 24-h day, has become popular owing to its relative ease of practice and potential to aid in achieving and maintaining a negative energy balance. TRF can be implemented intentionally with CR, or TRF might induce CR simply because of the time restriction. This review focuses on summarizing our current knowledge on how TRF and continuous CR affect gut peptides that influence satiety. Based on peer-reviewed studies, in response to CR there is an increase in the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and a reduction in fasting leptin and insulin. There is likely a reduction in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin (CCK), albeit the evidence for this is weak. After TRF, unlike CR, fasting ghrelin decreased in some TRF studies, whereas it showed no change in several others. Further, a reduction in fasting leptin, insulin, and GLP-1 has been observed. In conclusion, when other determinants of food intake are held equal, the peripheral satiety systems appear to be somewhat similarly affected by CR and TRF with regard to leptin, insulin, and GLP-1. But unlike CR, TRF did not appear to robustly increase ghrelin, suggesting different influences on appetite with a potential decrease of hunger after TRF when compared with CR. However, there are several established and novel gut peptides that have not been measured within the context of CR and TRF, and studies that have evaluated effects of TRF are often short-term, with nonuniform study designs and highly varying temporal eating patterns. More evidence and studies addressing these aspects are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K M Tacad
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ashley P Tovar
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William F Horn
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giri P Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Thakkar N, Shin YB, Sung HK. Nutritional Regulation of Mammary Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803280. [PMID: 35186923 PMCID: PMC8847692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a heterogeneous organ comprising of immune cells, surrounding adipose stromal cells, vascular cells, mammary epithelial, and cancer stem cells. In response to nutritional stimuli, dynamic interactions amongst these cell populations can be modulated, consequently leading to an alteration of the glandular function, physiology, and ultimately disease pathogenesis. For example, obesity, a chronic over-nutritional condition, is known to disrupt homeostasis within the mammary gland and increase risk of breast cancer development. In contrast, emerging evidence has demonstrated that fasting or caloric restriction can negatively impact mammary tumorigenesis. However, how fasting induces phenotypic and functional population differences in the mammary microenvironment is not well understood. In this review, we will provide a detailed overview on the effect of nutritional conditions (i.e., overnutrition or fasting) on the mammary gland microenvironment and its impact on mammary tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Thakkar
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ye Bin Shin
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hoon-Ki Sung,
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Joaquim L, Faria A, Loureiro H, Matafome P. Benefits, mechanisms, and risks of intermittent fasting in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:295-305. [PMID: 34985730 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the emergent nutritional strategies for improving multiple features of cardiometabolic diseases is the practice of intermittent fasting (IF), which consists of alternating periods of eating and fasting. IF can reduce circulating glucose and insulin levels, fat mass, and the risk of developing age-related pathologies. IF appears to upregulate evolution-conserved adaptive cellular responses, such as stress-response pathways, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. IF was also observed to modulate the circadian rhythms of hormones like insulin or leptin, among others, which levels change in conditions of food abundance and deficit. However, some contradictory results regarding the duration of the interventions and the anterior metabolic status of the participants suggest that more and longer studies are needed in order to draw conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of IF in the modulation of mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes, as well as the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Joaquim
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Loureiro
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, 1st floor, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zoughbie DE, Ng TLJ, Thompson JY, Watson KT, Farraj R, Ding EL. Ramadan fasting and weight change trajectories: Time-varying association of weight during and after Ramadan in low-income and refugee populations. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000371. [PMID: 36962504 PMCID: PMC10021413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant driver of the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Fasting is one approach that has been shown to improve health outcomes. However, the effects of Ramadan fasting differ in that the type, frequency, quantity, and time of food consumption vary. This phenomenon requires in-depth evaluation considering that 90% of Muslims (~2 billion people) fast during Ramadan. To address this issue, we evaluated the pattern of weight change during and following Ramadan for a total of 52 weeks. The study was conducted in Amman, Jordan. Between 2012 and 2015, 913 participants were recruited as part of a trial investigating the efficacy of a weight loss intervention among those with or at risk for diabetes. Weight was measured weekly starting at the beginning of Ramadan, and changes were analyzed using discrete and spline models adjusted for age, sex, and trial group. Results show slight weight gain within the first two weeks and weight loss in the subsequent weeks. During the first week of Ramadan, the estimate for a weight reduction was 0·427 kg, (95% CI: -0·007, 0·861), increasing to 1·567 kg, (95% CI: 2·547, 3·527) at week 26. There was clear evidence of gradual weight gain from about 4 to 15 weeks and a drop towards the end of the investigation at week 28 (-0·12kg, 95% CI: -0·89, 0·56). Our results show that weight changes occurred during and after Ramadan. Weight fluctuations may affect health risks, and thus, findings from this study can inform interventions. Public health agencies could leverage this period of dietary change to sustain some of the benefits of fasting. The authors (DEZ, EFD) acknowledge the Mulago Foundation, the Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the World Diabetes Foundation. TRIAL REGISTRATION. Clinicaltrials.gov registry identifier: NCT01596244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Zoughbie
- Microclinic International Social Network Research Group, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- New England Institute of Complex Systems, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Jacqueline Y Thompson
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen T Watson
- Microclinic International Social Network Research Group, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Rami Farraj
- Jordanian Royal Health Awareness Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eric L Ding
- New England Institute of Complex Systems, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Federation of American Scientists, Washington, DC, United States of America
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45
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Kennaway DJ. Measuring morning melatonin levels with plasma melatonin ELISA kits is a poor choice on two levels. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12773. [PMID: 34655483 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Science Building, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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46
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Gombert M, Martin-Carbonell V, Pin-Arboledas G, Carrasco-Luna J, Carrasco-García Á, Codoñer-Franch P. Melatonin Levels in Children with Obesity Are Associated with Metabolic Risk and Inflammatory Parameters. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103629. [PMID: 34684629 PMCID: PMC8541212 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the hormone of circadian rhythm regulation, is involved in the modulation of mitochondrial activity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Alteration of circadian rhythms such as sleep is related to obesity and metabolic pathogenesis in adulthood, but studies during childhood are scarce. The present study investigated the association of melatonin with metabolic and inflammatory markers in children with (n = 113) and without obesity (n = 117). Melatonin was measured in saliva four and two hours before bedtime, and after one hour of sleep. Cardiometabolic factors, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, immune markers (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis α and interferon-γ), leptin and ghrelin were determined. Sleep duration was recorded by a questionnaire. The melatonin level at 1 h after sleep was found to be increased more than twofold in children with obesity (90.16 (57.16–129.16) pg/mL) compared to controls (29.82 (19.05–61.54) pg/mL, p < 0.001) and was related to fat mass (rho = 0.294, p < 0.001); melatonin levels at 1 h after sleep were inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Positive correlation was found with apolipoprotein B, adipokines, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Shorter sleep duration and earlier waking times were recorded in children with obesity. In conclusion, melatonin in children with obesity appears to be involved in the global metabolic and inflammatory alteration of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gombert
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.); (V.M.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Vanessa Martin-Carbonell
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.); (V.M.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Gonzalo Pin-Arboledas
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Quironsalud Hospital, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Carrasco-Luna
- Department of Experimental Sciences, Universitat Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Carrasco-García
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.); (V.M.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
| | - Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.); (V.M.-C.); (Á.C.-G.)
- Service of Pediatrics, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kermansaravi M, Omar I, Mahawar K, Shahabi S, Bashir A, Haddad A, Abbass A, Abbas SI, Abbas M, Abouzeid T, Akin F, Aghajani E, Aminian A, AlAnsari M, Asghar ST, Balta AZ, Bukhari W, Elfawal MH, Gado W, Gawdat K, Gee T, Ghavami B, Goel R, AlHadad M, AlHadhrami B, AlHaifi M, AlHamdani A, Hassan I, Illan SJ, Inam A, Ismaeil A, Kayyal Y, Mohammad K, Khan AU, Khoursheed M, Khwaja H, Kular KS, Layani LA, Maazulhassan, Mahdy T, Maher M, Mansoor E, Mirza S, Niam MS, Omarov T, Pazouki A, Alqahtani AR, Qassem M, Rezvani M, Sabry K, Salim S, Shabbir A, Skalli M, Taha O, Talebpour M, Taskin HE, Taskin M, Yunus T, Jazi AHD, Kassir R, Nimeri A. Religious Fasting of Muslim Patients After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: a Modified Delphi Consensus. Obes Surg 2021; 31:5303-5311. [PMID: 34617207 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith. Despite the positive effects of fasting on health, there are no guidelines or clear recommendations regarding fasting after metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS). The current study reports the result of a modified Delphi consensus among expert metabolic/bariatric surgeons with experience in managing patients who fast after MBS. METHODS A committee of 61 well-known metabolic and bariatric surgeons from 24 countries was created to participate in the Delphi consensus. The committee voted on 45 statements regarding recommendations and controversies around fasting after MBS. An agreement/disagreement ≥ of 70.0% was regarded as consensus. RESULTS The experts reached a consensus on 40 out of 45 statements after two rounds of voting. One hundred percent of the experts believed that fasting needs special nutritional support in patients who underwent MBS. The decision regarding fasting must be coordinated among the surgeon, the nutritionist and the patient. At any time after MBS, 96.7% advised stopping fasting in the presence of persistent symptoms of intolerance. Seventy percent of the experts recommended delaying fasting after MBS for 6 to 12 months after combined and malabsorptive procedures according to the patient's situation and surgeon's experience, and 90.1% felt that proton pump inhibitors should be continued in patients who start fasting less than 6 months after MBS. There was consensus that fasting may help in weight loss, improvement/remission of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus among 88.5%, 90.2%, 88.5%, 85.2% and 85.2% of experts, respectively. CONCLUSION Experts voted and reached a consensus on 40 statements covering various aspects of fasting after MBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kermansaravi
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Rasool-E Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Islam Omar
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Birkenhead, Wirral, UK
| | - Kamal Mahawar
- Bariatric Unit, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK
| | - Shahab Shahabi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bashir
- Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Gastrointestinal Bariatric and Metabolic Center (GBMC)-Jordan Hospital, Queen Noor Street, Amman, 11152, Jordan
| | - Ashraf Haddad
- Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Gastrointestinal Bariatric and Metabolic Center (GBMC)-Jordan Hospital, Queen Noor Street, Amman, 11152, Jordan
| | - Alaa Abbass
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591, Egypt
| | | | - Mujjahid Abbas
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tarek Abouzeid
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591, Egypt
| | - Faki Akin
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebrahim Aghajani
- Department of Surgery, Aleris Hospital, Fredrik Stangs gate 11-13, 0264, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ali Aminian
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohanad AlAnsari
- Robotic Surgery Academy, International Modern Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmet Ziya Balta
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Rumeli University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Waleed Gado
- Endocrine and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Gawdat
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591, Egypt
| | - Tikfu Gee
- Department of Medical Science, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway UniversityJalan UniversitySelangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Bandar SunwayPetaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Selim Jalil Illan
- International Center of Excellence in Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Hospital BC, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Atif Inam
- In Charge Metabolic, Thoracic and General Surgery Unit III, Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K S Kular
- Founding President MGB-OAGB Club, Kular Research Institute, Bija, India
| | | | - Maazulhassan
- Shalimar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tarek Mahdy
- Sharjah University Hospital, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad S Niam
- Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Dr Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Taryel Omarov
- First Surgical Disease Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Abdolreza Pazouki
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Rasool-E Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aayed R Alqahtani
- New You Medical Center, King Saud University, Obesity Chair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Qassem
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591, Egypt
| | - Masoud Rezvani
- Inova Fair Oaks Hospital, COE Bariatric Center, 14904 Jefferson Davis Hwy, Suite 205, Woodbridge, VA, 22191, USA
| | - Karim Sabry
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591, Egypt
| | | | - Asim Shabbir
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Osama Taha
- Bariatric Unit, Plastic and Obesity Surgery Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Talebpour
- Department of General Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Halit Eren Taskin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Taskin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Radwan Kassir
- Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Abdelrahman Nimeri
- Chief, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Carolinas Medical Center, Ballantyne and Gastonia Director, Atrium Health University of North Carolina-Charlotte Campus Director, Bariatric Fellowship Program Carolinas Medical Center-Mercy, Atrium Health Weight Management Charlotte, ConcordCharlotte, NC, USA.
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Alsowaid L, Perna S, Peroni G, Gasparri C, Alalwan TA, Rondanelli M. Multidimensional evaluation of the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on the health of female students at the University of Bahrain. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2021.1975403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alsowaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tariq A. Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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49
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Riat A, Suwandi A, Ghashang SK, Buettner M, Eljurnazi L, Grassl GA, Gutenbrunner C, Nugraha B. Ramadan Fasting in Germany (17-18 h/Day): Effect on Cortisol and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Association With Mood and Body Composition Parameters. Front Nutr 2021; 8:697920. [PMID: 34458302 PMCID: PMC8387581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.697920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramadan fasting (RF) is a type of diurnal intermittent fasting. Previous studies reported the benefits of RF in healthy subjects on mood and health related to quality of life (QoL). Cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been shown to play a role in mood, body composition parameters, and health-related QoL. This study aimed at elucidating the mechanism of the benefit of RF, particularly cortisol and BNDF and their association with mood and QoL. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), interleukin (IL)-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and myoglobin were determined. Thirty-four healthy men and women were recruited. Serum from peripheral venous blood samples was collected at five time points: 1 week before RF (T1); mid of RF (T2), last days of RF (T3), 1 week after RF (T4), and 1 month after RF (T5). The amounts of biological mediators in the serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex assays. BDNF and cortisol significantly decreased at T3 (p < 0.05) and T4 (p < 0.001) compared to T1, respectively. It seems the benefits of RF for mood-related symptoms are mediated by different biological mediators, particularly cortisol and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Riat
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Center of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samaneh Khoshandam Ghashang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Johannes Wesling Medical Centre, Minden, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luqman Eljurnazi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Boya Nugraha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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50
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Chawla S, Beretoulis S, Deere A, Radenkovic D. The Window Matters: A Systematic Review of Time Restricted Eating Strategies in Relation to Cortisol and Melatonin Secretion. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082525. [PMID: 34444685 PMCID: PMC8399962 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-Restricted Eating is an eating pattern based on the circadian rhythm which limits daily food intake (usually to ≤12 h/day), unique in that no overt restriction is imposed on the quality, nor quantity, of food intake. This paper aimed to examine the effects of two patterns of TRE, traditional TRE, and Ramadan fasting, on two markers of circadian rhythm, cortisol and melatonin. PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to December 2020 for studies examining the effects of time restricted eating on cortisol and melatonin. Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. All Ramadan papers found statistically significant decrease in melatonin (p < 0.05) during Ramadan. Two out of the three Ramadan papers noted an abolishing of the circadian rhythm of cortisol (p < 0.05). The non-Ramadan TRE papers did not examine melatonin, and cortisol changes were mixed. In studies comparing TRE to control diets, Stratton et al. found increased cortisol levels in the non-TRE fasting group (p = 0.0018) and McAllister et al. noted no difference. Dinner-skipping resulted in significantly reduced evening cortisol and non-significantly raised morning cortisol. Conversely, breakfast skipping resulted in significantly reduced morning cortisol. This blunting indicates a dysfunctional HPA axis, and may be associated with poor cardio-metabolic outcomes. There is a paucity of research examining the effects of TRE on cortisol and melatonin. The contrasting effect of dinner and breakfast-skipping should be further examined to ascertain whether timing the feeding window indeed has an impact on circadian rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Chawla
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Spyridon Beretoulis
- HOOKE London owned by Health Longevity Optimisation Ltd., London EC1V 3QJ, UK; (S.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Aaron Deere
- HOOKE London owned by Health Longevity Optimisation Ltd., London EC1V 3QJ, UK; (S.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- HOOKE London owned by Health Longevity Optimisation Ltd., London EC1V 3QJ, UK; (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Correspondence:
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