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Tsampalieros A, Zemek R, Barrowman N, Langlois MA, Arnold C, McGahern C, Plint AC, Pham-Huy A, Bhatt M. Hybrid immunity after BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine administration in children aged 5 to 11 years. Vaccine 2024; 42:125981. [PMID: 38789373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is stronger among adults with prior infection (hybrid immunity). It is important to understand if children demonstrate a similar response to better inform vaccination strategies. Our study investigated the humoral response after BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine doses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered children (5-11 years). METHODS A multi-institutional, longitudinal, prospective cohort study was conducted. Children were enrolled in a case-ascertained antibody surveillance study in Ottawa, Ontario from September/2020-March/2021; at least one household member was severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive on RT-PCR. In November 2021, BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine was authorized for children aged 5-11 in Canada. Children enrolled in the surveillance study intending to receive two vaccine doses were invited to participate in this study from November 2021-April 2022. Main exposure was prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined by positive RT-PCR or SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG antibody presence. Primary outcome was spike IgG antibody levels measured following the first vaccine dose (2-3 weeks) and second vaccine dose (3-4 weeks). RESULTS Of the 153 eligible children, 75 participants (median age 8.9 IQR (7.4, 10.2) years; 38 (50.7 %) female; 59 (78.7 %) Caucasian) had complete follow-up. Fifty-four (72 %) children had prior SARS-COV-2 infection. Spike IgG antibody levels are significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 recovered participants after receiving the first dose (p < 0.001) and the second (p = 0.01) compared to infection naïve children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE SARS-CoV-2 recovered children (5-11 years) demonstrated higher antibody levels following first BNT162b2 vaccine dose compared with naïve children. Most reached antibody saturation two to three weeks after the first dose; a second dose didn't change the saturation level. A single vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2 recovered children may be equivalent or superior to a 2-dose primary series in naïve children. Further research is needed on the durability and quality of a single vaccine dose in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tsampalieros
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Omntario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nick Barrowman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Candice McGahern
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amy C Plint
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Omntario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne Pham-Huy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maala Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Alquero JNM, Estanislao PMS, Hermino SMM, Manding RDM, Robles JED, Canillo CMA, Tantengco OAG. Use of dried blood spots in the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 51:100700. [PMID: 39127256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 disease continues to be a global health concern. The current protocol for detecting SARS-CoV-2 requires healthcare professionals to draw blood from patients. Recent studies showed that dried blood spot (DBS) is a valuable sampling procedure that can collect a low blood volume without the need for the presence of medical practitioners. This study synthesized the available literature on using DBS as a blood collection tool to diagnose COVID-19 disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search utilizing OVID, CINAHL, and Scopus databases was done from inception to March 2023. Five reviewers collected, extracted and organized the study data. RESULTS This systematic review included 57 articles. DBS was commonly prepared by finger pricking. Most studies showed more favorable results and longer sample stability (more than 1080 days) with lower storage temperature conditions for the DBS. DBS samples were mostly used for serological assays for COVID-19 disease detection. ELISA was the most used detection method (43.66 %). Diagnostic performance of laboratory tests for COVID-19 using DBS sample showed high sensitivity of up to 100 % for immunoassay tests and 100 % specificity in agglutination, PCR, and DELFIA assays. CONCLUSION DBS sampling coupled with serological testing can be an alternative method for collecting blood and detecting COVID-19 disease. These tests using DBS samples showed excellent diagnostic performance across various geographic locations and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannie Nikolai M Alquero
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
| | - Patrizia Marie S Estanislao
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
| | - Svethlana Marie M Hermino
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
| | - Ranna Duben M Manding
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
| | - Joshua Euchie D Robles
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
| | - Christene Mae A Canillo
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
| | - Ourlad Alzeus G Tantengco
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines; Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
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3
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Macharia Z, Ogoti B, Otieno M, Gitonga P, Bosco-Lauth A, Maritim M, Lemarkoko E, Keya A, Sankok J, Gitao G, Onono J, Oyugi J, Bowen RA. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among underserved pastoralist communities in Kajiado County, Kenya: 2020-2022. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308318. [PMID: 39116080 PMCID: PMC11309416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Initial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was highest in densely populated regions of Kenya. Transmission gradually trickled down to the less densely populated, remote and underserved regions such as the pastoral regions of Kajiado County which are characterized by poor healthcare systems. Molecular assays that were pivotal for COVID-19 diagnosis were not available in these regions. Serology is an alternative method for retrospectively tracking the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in such populations. Dry blood spots (DBS) were prepared from consenting patients attending six health facilities in Kajiado County from March 2020 to March 2022. Upon elution, we conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies. Of the 908 DBSs we analyzed, 706 (78%) were from female participants. The overall seropositivity to SARS-Cov-2 antibodies was 7.3% (95% CI 5.7-9.1). The elderly (over 60 years) and male participants had a high likelihood of testing positive for SAR-CoV-2 infections. Mashuru (15.6%, 14/90) and Meto (15%, 19/127) health facilities registered the highest proportion of seropositive participants. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among pastoralists in the remote and underserved regions of Kajiado County was established by DBS sampling and serologic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipporah Macharia
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Ogoti
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Center of Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Magdaline Otieno
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pauline Gitonga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Angela Bosco-Lauth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marybeth Maritim
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Aggrey Keya
- Kajiado County Referral Hospital, Kajiado Town, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Joseph Sankok
- Kajiado County Referral Hospital, Kajiado Town, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - George Gitao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Onono
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Oyugi
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Ylade M, Aziz AB, Daag JV, Crisostomo MV, Agrupis KA, Maronilla MA, Sye Lim Hong C, Kim HY, Njau I, Lopez MHJ, Deen J, Kim DR, You YA, Kang SSY, Marks F, Tadesse BT. Using Dried Blood Spots to Quantitatively Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies by ELISA: A Validation Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 111:391-395. [PMID: 38917817 PMCID: PMC11310613 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 serological testing is useful to determine seroprevalence, epidemiological trends, and the extent of transmission. The collection and transport of serum samples can be logistically challenging, especially in remote underserved areas. Dried blood spots (DBSs) would allow easier sample collection and logistical handling compared with standard serum collection, particularly for extensive and repeated SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the IgG ELISA (Wantai, Beijing, China) using DBSs against sera for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. The IgG ELISA was used to test paired sera and DBSs obtained from individuals with recent virologically confirmed COVID-19 illness and banked paired sera and DBSs collected before the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that 100/100 (100%) seropositive samples were positive using DBSs, and 193/194 (99%) seronegative samples were negative using DBSs. Compared with sera, the DBS method had a 100% sensitivity, 99% specificity, 99% PPV, and 100% NPV. Use of DBSs for SARS-CoV-2 household or population serosurveys may be considered in situations with limitations in sample collection, shipment, and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ylade
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Jedas Veronica Daag
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Vinna Crisostomo
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kristal-An Agrupis
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Angela Maronilla
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Irene Njau
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - March Helena Jane Lopez
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jacqueline Deen
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines–Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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O'Brien SF, Asamoah-Boaheng M, Grunau B, Krajden M, Buckeridge DL, Goldfarb DM, Anderson M, Germain M, Brown P, Stein DR, Kandola K, Tipples G, Awadalla P, Lang A, Behl L, Fitzpatrick T, Drews SJ. Canada's approach to SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance: Lessons learned for routine surveillance and future pandemics. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2024; 115:558-566. [PMID: 38981961 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
SETTING In Canada's federated healthcare system, 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions have independent responsibility to collect data to inform health policies. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023), national and regional sero-surveys mostly drew upon existing infrastructure to quickly test specimens and collect data but required cross-jurisdiction coordination and communication. INTERVENTION There were 4 national and 7 regional general population SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveys. Survey methodologies varied by participant selection approaches, assay choices, and reporting structures. We analyzed Canadian pandemic sero-surveillance initiatives to identify key learnings to inform future pandemic planning. OUTCOMES Over a million samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 2020 to 2023 but siloed in 11 distinct datasets. Most national sero-surveys had insufficient sample size to estimate regional prevalence; differences in methodology hampered cross-regional comparisons of regional sero-surveys. Only four sero-surveys included questionnaires. Sero-surveys were not directly comparable due to different assays, sampling methodologies, and time-frames. Linkage to health records occurred in three provinces only. Dried blood spots permitted sample collection in remote populations and during stay-at-home orders. IMPLICATIONS To provide timely, high-quality information for public health decision-making, routine sero-surveillance systems must be adaptable, flexible, and scalable. National capability planning should include consortiums for assay design and validation, defined mechanisms to improve test capacity, base documents for data linkage and material transfer across jurisdictions, and mechanisms for real-time communication of data. Lessons learned will inform incorporation of a robust sero-survey program into routine surveillance with strategic sampling and capacity to adapt and scale rapidly as a part of a comprehensive national pandemic response plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology & Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Asamoah-Boaheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Grunau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Public Health Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David L Buckeridge
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David M Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maureen Anderson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Ministry of Health, Government of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Affaires médicales et innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek R Stein
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kami Kandola
- Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada
| | - Graham Tipples
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Lang
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Lesley Behl
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tiffany Fitzpatrick
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Medical Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Diagnostics and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sumner KM, Yadav R, Noble EK, Sandford R, Joshi D, Tartof SY, Wernli KJ, Martin ET, Gaglani M, Zimmerman RK, Talbot HK, Grijalva CG, Belongia EA, Chung JR, Rogier E, Coughlin MM, Flannery B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated With COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network, October 2021-June 2022. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:45-54. [PMID: 39052724 PMCID: PMC11272097 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration <5 days from symptom onset and testing positive for COVID-19 among patients in a test-negative study. METHODS From October 2021 to June 2022, study sites in 7 states enrolled patients aged ≥6 months presenting with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2. In blood specimens, we measured concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigens from the ancestral strain in standardized bAb units (BAU). Percentage change in odds of COVID-19 by increasing anti-RBD bAb was estimated via logistic regression as (1 - adjusted odds ratio of COVID-19) × 100, adjusting for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses, age, site, and high-risk exposure. RESULTS Out of 2018 symptomatic patients, 662 (33%) tested positive for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Geometric mean RBD bAb levels were lower among COVID-19 cases than SARS-CoV-2 test-negative controls during the Delta-predominant period (112 vs 498 BAU/mL) and Omicron-predominant period (823 vs 1189 BAU/mL). Acute-phase ancestral spike RBD bAb levels associated with 50% lower odds of COVID-19 were 1968 BAU/mL against Delta and 3375 BAU/mL against Omicron; thresholds may differ in other laboratories. CONCLUSIONS During acute illness, antibody concentrations against ancestral spike RBD were associated with protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Sumner
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruchi Yadav
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emma K Noble
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Ryan Sandford
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Devyani Joshi
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sara Y Tartof
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
| | - Karen J Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily T Martin
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
- Baylor College of Medicine–Temple, Temple, Texas
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas
| | | | - H Keipp Talbot
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Jessie R Chung
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric Rogier
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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7
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Almeida ND, Schiller I, Ke D, Sakr E, Plesa M, Vanamala S, Moneger AL, Bazan M, Lucchesi C, Wozniak N, Fritz JH, Piccirillo CA, Pelchat M, Arnold C, Galipeau Y, McCluskie PS, Langlois MA, Dasgupta K, Mazer BD. The effect of dose-interval on antibody response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: a prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330549. [PMID: 38433831 PMCID: PMC10904688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against COVID-19 is highly effective in preventing severe disease and hospitalization, but primary COVID mRNA vaccination schedules often differed from those recommended by the manufacturers due to supply chain issues. We investigated the impact of delaying the second dose on antibody responses to COVID mRNA-vaccines in a prospective cohort of health-care workers in Quebec. Methods We recruited participants from the McGill University Health Centre who provided serum or participant-collected dried blood samples (DBS) at 28-days, 3 months, and 6 months post-second dose and at 28-days after a third dose. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2 spike (S), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), nucleocapsid (N) and neutralizing antibodies to the ancestral strain were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We examined associations between long (≤89 days) versus short (<89 days) between-dose intervals and antibody response through multivariable mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, prior covid infection status, time since vaccine dose, and assay batch. Findings The cohort included 328 participants who received up to three vaccine doses (>80% Pfizer-BioNTech). Weighted averages of the serum (n=744) and DBS (n=216) cohort results from the multivariable models showed that IgG anti-S was 31% higher (95% CI: 12% to 53%) and IgG anti-RBD was 37% higher (95% CI: 14% to 65%) in the long vs. short interval participants, across all time points. Interpretation Our study indicates that extending the covid primary series between-dose interval beyond 89 days (approximately 3 months) provides stronger antibody responses than intervals less than 89 days. Our demonstration of a more robust antibody response with a longer between dose interval is reassuring as logistical and supply challenges are navigated in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha D. Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Schiller
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danbing Ke
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Sakr
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Plesa
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandeep Vanamala
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Moneger
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Bazan
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Lucchesi
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Wozniak
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorg H. Fritz
- Goodman Cancer Centre, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program, Research Institute of Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pauline S. McCluskie
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc-Andre Langlois
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kaberi Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruce D. Mazer
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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8
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Fung CYJ, Scott M, Lerner-Ellis J, Taher J. Applications of SARS-CoV-2 serological testing: impact of test performance, sample matrices, and patient characteristics. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:70-88. [PMID: 37800891 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2254390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory testing has been a key tool in managing the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. While rapid antigen and PCR testing has proven useful for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, additional testing methods are required to understand the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on immune response. Serological testing, a well-documented laboratory practice, measures the presence of antibodies in a sample to uncover information about host immunity. Although proposed applications of serological testing for clinical use have previously been limited, current research into SARS-CoV-2 has shown growing utility for serological methods in these settings. To name a few, serological testing has been used to identify patients with past infections and long-term active disease and to monitor vaccine efficacy. Test utility and result interpretation, however, are often complicated by factors that include poor test sensitivity early in infection, lack of immune response in some individuals, overlying infection and vaccination responses, lack of standardization of antibody titers/levels between instruments, unknown titers that confer immune protection, and large between-individual biological variation following infection or vaccination. Thus, the three major components of this review will examine (1) factors that affect serological test utility: test performance, testing matrices, seroprevalence concerns and viral variants, (2) patient factors that affect serological response: timing of sampling, age, sex, body mass index, immunosuppression and vaccination, and (3) informative applications of serological testing: identifying past infection, immune surveillance to guide health practices, and examination of protective immunity. SARS-CoV-2 serological testing should be beneficial for clinical care if it is implemented appropriately. However, as with other laboratory developed tests, use of SARS-CoV-2 serology as a testing modality warrants careful consideration of testing limitations and evaluation of its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yiu Jordan Fung
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Scott
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Taher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Stern D, Meyer TC, Treindl F, Mages HW, Krüger M, Skiba M, Krüger JP, Zobel CM, Schreiner M, Grossegesse M, Rinner T, Peine C, Stoliaroff-Pépin A, Harder T, Hofmann N, Michel J, Nitsche A, Stahlberg S, Kneuer A, Sandoni A, Kubisch U, Schlaud M, Mankertz A, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Müller MA, Drosten C, de la Rosa K, Schaade L, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21846. [PMID: 38071261 PMCID: PMC10710470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays measuring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are key to describe the epidemiology, pathobiology or induction of immunity after infection or vaccination. Of those, multiplex assays targeting multiple antigens are especially helpful as closely related coronaviruses or other antigens can be analysed simultaneously from small sample volumes, hereby shedding light on patterns in the immune response that would otherwise remain undetected. We established a bead-based 17-plex assay detecting antibodies targeting antigens from all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV strains 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63. The assay was validated against five commercial serological immunoassays, a commercial surrogate virus neutralisation test, and a virus neutralisation assay, all targeting SARS-CoV-2. It was found to be highly versatile as shown by antibody detection from both serum and dried blot spots and as shown in three case studies. First, we followed seroconversion for all four endemic HCoV strains and SARS-CoV-2 in an outbreak study in day-care centres for children. Second, we were able to link a more severe clinical course to a stronger IgG response with this 17-plex-assay, which was IgG1 and IgG3 dominated. Finally, our assay was able to discriminate recent from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections by calculating the IgG/IgM ratio on the N antigen targeting antibodies. In conclusion, due to the comprehensive method comparison, thorough validation, and the proven versatility, our multiplex assay is a valuable tool for studies on coronavirus serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja C Meyer
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fridolin Treindl
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Krüger
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Skiba
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Krüger
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M Zobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marica Grossegesse
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinner
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Peine
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stoliaroff-Pépin
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Stahlberg
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Kneuer
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sandoni
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kubisch
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schlaud
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients (FG 12), Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Freie Universität Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Di Meo A, Ma L, Yau K, Abe KT, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Kozak R, Hladunewich MA, Yip PM. Evaluation of commercial assays for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in hemodialysis patients. Clin Biochem 2023; 121-122:110681. [PMID: 37913837 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodialysis patients exhibit variable immunogenicity following administration of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the use of two commercial assays in the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in hemodialysis patients and to compare their utility to commonly used SARS-CoV-2 serological assays developed in Canada. METHODS We evaluated serologic antibody response in 85 hemodialysis patients up to 6 months after receiving both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. In addition, antibody response was assessed in 46 chronic kidney disease patients and 40 COVID-19 naïve health care workers (HCW) up to 3 months and 9 months, respectively. Anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (N) levels were measured using Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays on the Roche analyzer and compared to ELISA-based detection of anti-S, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD), and anti-N. RESULTS The Elecsys anti-N immunoassay showed 93 % concordance with the anti-N ELISA. The Elecsys anti-S immunoassay showed 97 % concordance with the anti-S ELISA and 89 % concordance with the anti-RBD ELISA. HCWs exhibited significantly higher anti-S levels relative to hemodialysis patients. Anti-S levels decreased significantly over a 6-month period (p < 0.001) in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. In addition, anti-S levels decreased significantly over a 9-month (p < 0.001) and 3-month period (p < 0.001) in HCWs and CKD patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is high concordance between commercial SARS-CoV-2 serological assays and SARS-CoV-2 serological assays developed in Canada. Hemodialysis patients exhibited varying immunogenicity following two doses of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine with anti-S levels decreasing over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Di Meo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liyan Ma
- Precision Medicine & Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Yau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kento T Abe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Kozak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Precision Medicine & Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle A Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Yip
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Precision Medicine & Therapeutics Program (Laboratory Medicine), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Azeez R, Lotoski L, Dubeau A, Rodriguez N, Reyna ME, Freitas T, Goguen S, Medeleanu M, Winsor GL, Brinkman FSL, Cameron EE, Roos L, Simons E, Moraes TJ, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Bolotin S, Wright K, McNeil D, Patrick DM, Bullard J, Langlois MA, Arnold CR, Galipeau Y, Pelchat M, Doucas N, Subbarao P, Azad MB. Cohort profile: investigating SARS-CoV-2 infection and the health and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canadian CHILD Cohort. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023091. [PMID: 37857338 PMCID: PMC10867514 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all Canadian families, with some impacted differently than others. Our study aims to: (1) determine the prevalence and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among Canadian families, (2) identify predictors of infection susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2, and (3) identify health and psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study builds upon the CHILD Cohort Study, an ongoing multi-ethnic general population prospective cohort consisting of 3,454 Canadian families with children born in Vancouver, Edmonton, Manitoba, and Toronto between 2009 and 2012. During the pandemic, CHILD households were invited to participate in the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study involving: (1) brief biweekly surveys about COVID-19 symptoms and testing; (2) quarterly questionnaires assessing COVID-19 exposure and testing, vaccination status, physical and mental health, and pandemic-driven life changes; and (3) in-home biological sampling kits to collect blood and stool. In total, 1,462 households (5,378 participants) consented to the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study: 2,803 children (mean±standard deviation [SD], 9.0±2.7 years; range, 0-17 years) and 2,576 adults (mean±SD, 43.0±6.5 years; range, 18-85 years). We will leverage the wealth of pre-pandemic CHILD data to identify risk and resilience factors for susceptibility and severity to the direct and indirect pandemic effects. Our short-term findings will inform key stakeholders and knowledge users to shape current and future pandemic responses. Additionally, this study provides a unique resource to study the long-term impacts of the pandemic as the CHILD Cohort Study continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilwan Azeez
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Larisa Lotoski
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aimée Dubeau
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Rodriguez
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Myrtha E. Reyna
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Freitas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Goguen
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maria Medeleanu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L. Winsor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Fiona S. L. Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Emily E. Cameron
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leslie Roos
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Theo J. Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Piush J. Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shelly Bolotin
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Wright
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah McNeil
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Strategic Clinical Networks, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David M. Patrick
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jared Bullard
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Corey R. Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan B. Azad
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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12
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Sumner KM, Yadav R, Noble EK, Sandford R, Joshi D, Tartof SY, Wernli KJ, Martin ET, Gaglani M, Zimmerman RK, Talbot HK, Grijalva CG, Chung JR, Rogier E, Coughlin MM, Flannery B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated with COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu VE Network, October 2021-June 2022. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.21.23295919. [PMID: 37790578 PMCID: PMC10543239 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.23295919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background We assessed the association between antibody concentration ≤5 days of symptom onset and COVID-19 illness among patients enrolled in a test-negative study. Methods From October 2021-June 2022, study sites in seven states enrolled and tested respiratory specimens from patients of all ages presenting with acute respiratory illness for SARS-CoV-2 infection using rRT-PCR. In blood specimens, we measured concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the ancestral strain spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens in standardized binding antibody units (BAU/mL). Percent reduction in odds of symptomatic COVID-19 by anti-RBD antibody was estimated using logistic regression modeled as (1-adjusted odds ratio of COVID-19)×100, adjusting for COVID-19 vaccination status, age, site, and high-risk exposure. Results A total of 662 (33%) of 2,018 symptomatic patients tested positive for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. During the Omicron-predominant period, geometric mean anti-RBD binding antibody concentrations measured 823 BAU/mL (95%CI:690-981) among COVID-19 case-patients versus 1,189 BAU/mL (95%CI:1,050-1,347) among SARS-CoV-2 test-negative patients. In the adjusted logistic regression, increasing levels of anti-RBD antibodies were associated with reduced odds of COVID-19 for both Delta and Omicron infections. Conclusion Higher anti-RBD antibodies in patients were associated with protection against symptomatic COVID-19 during emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M. Sumner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruchi Yadav
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emma K. Noble
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan Sandford
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Devyani Joshi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara Y. Tartof
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Karen J. Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily T Martin
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessie R. Chung
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Rogier
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Basto-Abreu A, Carnalla M, Torres-Ibarra L, Sanchez-Pájaro A, Romero-Martínez M, Martínez-Barnetche J, López-Martínez I, Aparicio-Antonio R, Shamah-Levy T, Alpuche-Aranda C, Rivera JA, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and vaccine coverage from August to November 2021: A nationally representative survey in Mexico. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29038. [PMID: 37615363 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate self-reported vaccine coverage and SARS-CoV-2 anti-N and anti-S seroprevalence in Mexico overall and for five vaccine types. We used a nationally representative survey with 7236 dried blood spot samples for adults 18 years and older collected from August to November 2021. Anti-N and anti-S seroprevalence were estimated adjusting for the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay test. A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to estimate seroprevalence by vaccine type and by age group adjusting for confounders and test performance. Vaccination coverage was 74%, being higher in women compared to men, high socioeconomic status (SES) compared to low and middle SES, graduates compared to people with high school, and formal workers compared to other employment statuses. Anti-N seroprevalence was 59.2%, compared to 84.1% anti-S seroprevalence. Anti-S seroprevalence was higher for vaccinated than unvaccinated participants. All vaccines were associated with more than 70% anti-S seroprevalence, with the lowest being observed for CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV. Fully vaccinated participants over 60 years presented a lower seroprevalence (77.6%) compared to younger adults (91.1%), with larger differences for ChAdOx1 and CoronaVac vaccines. Between August and November 2021, three out of four Mexican adults had been vaccinated. Vaccination was associated with a higher positivity to anti-S antibodies. While antibodies do not reflect immunity, our results suggest that booster doses should be offered to people over 60 years of age and to adults who received Ad5-nCoV or CoronaVac as primary vaccination schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Basto-Abreu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha Carnalla
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Leticia Torres-Ibarra
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andres Sanchez-Pájaro
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martin Romero-Martínez
- Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jesus Martínez-Barnetche
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Celia Alpuche-Aranda
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Juan A Rivera
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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14
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Guttmann S, Bunte S, Eschrig S, Janzen N, Klemens J, Koenemann Y, Münstermann D, Neisse T, Niedergassel T, Steinhagen K, Meyer-Schlinkmann KM. Dried blood spot eluates are suitable for testing of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies targeting Spike protein 1 and Nucleocapsid protein. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101479. [PMID: 37125078 PMCID: PMC10126220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) provide easy handling and are thus a beneficial tool for data collection, e.g. for epidemiological studies. The suitability of DBS for the assessment of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was analyzed with regards to the use in future studies addressing seroprevalence in the population. 121 volunteers gave a venous blood sample and capillary blood samples on two DBS cards (PerkinElmer and Ahlstrom-Munksjö) via self-sampling under supervision. All samples were analyzed using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgG) and the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 NCP ELISA (IgG) from EUROIMMUN performed on the EUROIMMUN EUROLabWorkstation ELISA. Correlation coefficients between ELISA results based on the different sampling methods were calculated. Results of DBS analysis for SARS-CoV-2 IgG S1 and NCP highly correlated with the serum values (r = 0.96). In addition, the calculation of the phi coefficient showed no significant difference between the qualitative results of both sampling methods (rφ = 0.98-1.0). Further analysis of DBS eluates after prolonged storage of 6-8 h also showed a high correlation with serum results (r = 0.97 and r = 0.93, respectively). The study results indicate suitability of DBS for the analysis of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1 and NCP. For DBS eluate, a stability of 6-8 h for measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guttmann
- MVZ Labor Krone GbR, Studienzentrum Immunologie, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nils Janzen
- Screening-Labor Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Children and Adolescents, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Klemens
- Insitute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yara Koenemann
- Insitute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Neisse
- MVZ Labor Krone GbR, Studienzentrum Immunologie, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
- Screening-Labor Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Katja Steinhagen
- Insitute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
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Puccini L, Fantini M, Biagetti C, Angelini R, Dirani G, Grumiro L, Schiavone P, Sparacino M, Semprini S, Sambri V, Cricca M. Kinetics of dried blood spot-measured anti-SARS-CoV2 Spike IgG in mRNA-vaccinated healthcare workers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130677. [PMID: 36937271 PMCID: PMC10014594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the major criticisms facing the research community during SARS-CoV2 pandemic was the lack of large-scale, longitudinal data on the efficacy of the SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines. Currently, even if COVID-19 antiviral treatments have been authorized by European Medicine Agency, prevention through approved specific vaccines is the best approach available in order to contain the ongoing pandemic. Objectives Here, we studied the antibody kinetic over a one-year period from vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech (Pfizer) vaccines and subsequent boosting with either the BioNTech or Moderna (Spikevax) vaccines in a large cohort of 8,071 healthcare workers (HCW). We also described the impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on antibody kinetic over the same period. Methods We assessed the anti SARS-CoV2 Spike IgG antibody kinetic by the high throughput dried blood spot (DBS) collection method and the GSP®/DELFIA® Anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG assay (PerkinElmer®). Results Our data support existing models showing that SARS-CoV2 vaccination elicits strong initial antibodies responses that decline with time but are transitorily increased by administering a vaccine booster. We also showed that using heterologous vaccine/booster combinations a stronger antibody response was elicited than utilizing a booster from the same vaccine manufacturer. Furthermore, by considering the impact of SARS-CoV2 infection occurrence in proximity to the scheduled booster administration, we confirmed that booster dose did not contribute significantly to elicit higher antibody responses. Conclusion DBS sampling in our large population of HCWs was fundamental to collect a large number of specimens and to clarify the effective mRNA vaccine-induced antibody kinetic and the role of both heterologous boosters and SARS-CoV2 infection in modulating antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Puccini
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
| | - Michela Fantini
- 2Health Services Research, Evaluation and Policy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Carlo Biagetti
- 3Operative Unit of Infectious Disease, Ospedale Infermi, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Dirani
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
| | - Pasqua Schiavone
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
| | - Monica Sparacino
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
| | - Simona Semprini
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
- 5Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Cricca
- 1Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
- 5Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Monica Cricca,
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16
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Collins E, Galipeau Y, Arnold C, Bosveld C, Heiskanen A, Keeshan A, Nakka K, Shir-Mohammadi K, St-Denis-Bissonnette F, Tamblyn L, Vranjkovic A, Wood LC, Booth R, Buchan CA, Crawley AM, Little J, McGuinty M, Saginur R, Langlois MA, Cooper CL. Cohort profile: Stop the Spread Ottawa (SSO) -a community-based prospective cohort study on antibody responses, antibody neutralisation efficiency and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062187. [PMID: 36691221 PMCID: PMC9461086 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the robustness and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses conferred by natural infection and vaccination among priority populations such as immunocompromised individuals and people with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in a prospective cohort study (Stop the Spread Ottawa-SSO) in adults living in the Ottawa region. In this paper, we describe the study design, ongoing data collection and baseline characteristics of participants. PARTICIPANTS Since October 2020, participants who tested positive for COVID-19 (convalescents) or at high risk of exposure to the virus (under surveillance) have provided monthly blood and saliva samples over a 10-month period. As of 2 November 2021, 1026 adults had completed the baseline survey and 976 had attended baseline bloodwork. 300 participants will continue to provide bimonthly blood samples for 24 additional months (ie, total follow-up of 34 months). FINDINGS TO DATE The median age of the baseline sample was 44 (IQR 23, range: 18-79) and just over two-thirds (n=688; 67.1%) were female. 255 participants (24.9%) had a history of COVID-19 infection confirmed by PCR and/or serology. Over 600 participants (60.0%) work in high-risk occupations (eg, healthcare, teaching and transportation). 108 participants (10.5%) reported immunocompromising conditions or treatments at baseline (eg, cancer, HIV, other immune deficiency, and/or use of immunosuppressants). FUTURE PLANS SSO continues to yield rich research potential, given the collection of pre-vaccine baseline data and samples from the majority of participants, recruitment of diverse subgroups of interest, and a high level of participant retention and compliance with monthly sampling. The 24-month study extension will maximise opportunities to track SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine efficacy, detect and characterise emerging variants, and compare subgroup humoral and cellular response robustness and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Collins
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Bosveld
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliisa Heiskanen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Keeshan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiran Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khatereh Shir-Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Laura Tamblyn
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agatha Vranjkovic
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah C Wood
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Immunology Section, Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Arianne Buchan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela M Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit (KSAU), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michaeline McGuinty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raphael Saginur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board (OHSN-REB), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Curtis L Cooper
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Cholette F, Fabia R, Harris A, Ellis H, Cachero K, Schroeder L, Mesa C, Lacap P, Arnold C, Galipeau Y, Langlois MA, Colwill K, Gingras AC, McGeer A, Giles E, Day J, Osiowy C, Durocher Y, Hankins C, Mazer B, Drebot M, Kim J. Comparative performance data for multiplex SARS-CoV-2 serological assays from a large panel of dried blood spot specimens. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10270. [PMID: 36060461 PMCID: PMC9420314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of the COVID-19 pandemic will be better understood through serosurveys and SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples will play a central role in large scale serosurveillance by simplifying biological specimen collection and transportation, especially in Canada. Direct comparative performance data on multiplex SARS-CoV-2 assays resulting from identical DBS samples are currently lacking. In our study, we aimed to provide performance data for the BioPlex 2200 SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Bio-Rad), V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 2 IgG (MSD), and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche) commercial assays, as well as for two highly scalable in-house assays (University of Ottawa and Mount Sinai Hospital protocols) to assess their suitability for DBS-based SARS-CoV-2 DBS serosurveillance. These assays were evaluated against identical panels of DBS samples collected from convalescent COVID-19 patients (n = 97) and individuals undergoing routine sexually transmitted and bloodborne infection (STBBI) testing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 90). Our findings suggest that several assays are suitable for serosurveillance (sensitivity >97% and specificity >98%). In contrast to other reports, we did not observe an improvement in performance using multiple antigen consensus-based rules to establish overall seropositivity. This may be due to our DBS panel which consisted of samples collected from convalescent COVID-19 patients with significant anti-spike, -receptor binding domain (RBD), and -nucleocapsid antibody titers. This study demonstrates that biological specimens collected as DBS coupled with one of several readily available assays are useful for large-scale COVID-19 serosurveillance.
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18
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Bhatt M, Zemek RL, Tang K, Malley R, Plint AC, Pham-Huy A, Dawson J, McGahern C, Pelchat M, Arnold C, Galipeau Y, Langlois MA. Antibody Seronegativity in COVID-19 RT-PCR-Positive Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:e318-e320. [PMID: 35544731 PMCID: PMC9281420 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This substudy of a prospective case-ascertained household transmission study investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-positive individuals without antibody development and factors associated with nonseroconversion. Approximately 1 of 8 individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 did not seroconvert. Children, particularly the youngest, were approximately half as likely to seroconvert compared with adults. Apart from the absence of fever/chills, individual symptoms did not strongly predict nonseroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maala Bhatt
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger L. Zemek
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken Tang
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy C. Plint
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Pham-Huy
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Dawson
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Candice McGahern
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Catlett B, Starr M, Machalek DA, Danwilai T, Palmer M, Kelly A, Kaldor J, Dore GJ, Darley D, Matthews G, Cunningham PH. Evaluation of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing from dried blood spots collected from cohorts with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100093. [PMID: 35765384 PMCID: PMC9225964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dried blood spot (DBS) specimens are a useful serosurveillance tool particularly in hard-to-reach populations but their application for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly characterised. Objectives To compare detection of naturally acquired SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in paired DBS and serum specimens using commercially available serological immunoassays. Study Design Specimens were collected through St Vincent's Hospital observational post COVID-19 cohort study (ADAPT). Laboratory spotted DBS from venepuncture were initially tested on seven assays, a DBS validation completed on three with clinically collected fingerstick DBSs tested on one. Results Sensitivity for Euroimmun nucleocapsid (NCP) IgG ELISA from laboratory spotted DBS (n=145), Euroimmun spike, IgG ELISA from laboratory spotted DBS (n=161), and Binding Site total antibody ELISA from clinically collected fingerstick DBS (n=391) was 100% (95% CI: 95.8-100%), 100% (95% CI: 95.8-100%) and 92.9% (95% CI: 89.5-95.5%), respectively. Specificity was 66.2% (95% CI: 53.6-77.0%), 96% (95% CI: 88.7-99.1%) and 98.8% (95% CI: 93.3-99.9%), respectively. All three assays’ results displayed a strong positive correlation between DBS compared to paired serum. Conclusions The Binding Site™ spike total antibody and Euroimmun™ spike IgG ELISAs provided good analytical performance, demonstrating that DBS specimens could facilitate specimen collection in the epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is highly applicable in populations and settings where venepuncture is problematic (including community based regional/remote settings, nursing homes, prisons, and schools).
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20
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From a recombinant key antigen to an accurate, affordable serological test: lessons learnt from COVID-19 for future pandemics. Biochem Eng J 2022; 186:108537. [PMID: 35874089 PMCID: PMC9287463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Serological tests detect antibodies generated by infection or vaccination, and are indispensable tools along different phases of a pandemic, from early monitoring of pathogen spread up to seroepidemiological studies supporting immunization policies. This work discusses the development of an accurate and affordable COVID-19 antibody test, from production of a recombinant protein antigen up to test validation and economic analysis. We first developed a cost-effective, scalable technology to produce SARS-COV-2 spike protein and then used this antigen to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis allowed optimizing the cut-off and confirmed the high accuracy of the test: 98.6% specificity and 95% sensitivity for 11+ days after symptoms onset. We further showed that dried blood spots collected by finger pricking on simple test strips could replace conventional plasma/serum samples. A cost estimate was performed and revealed a final retail price in the range of one US dollar, reflecting the low cost of the ELISA test platform and the elimination of the need for venous blood sampling and refrigerated sample handling in clinical laboratories. The presented workflow can be completed in 4 months from first antigen expression to final test validation. It can be applied to other pathogens and in future pandemics, facilitating reliable and affordable seroepidemiological surveillance also in remote areas and in low-income countries.
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21
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Anand SS, Arnold C, Bangdiwala SI, Bolotin S, Bowdish D, Chanchlani R, de Souza RJ, Desai D, Kandasamy S, Khan F, Khan Z, Langlois MA, Limbachia J, Lear SA, Loeb M, Loh L, Manoharan B, Nakka K, Pelchat M, Punthakee Z, Schulze KM, Williams N, Wahi G. Seropositivity and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a South Asian community in Ontario: a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E599-E609. [PMID: 35790229 PMCID: PMC9262348 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the South Asian community in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) was identified as having risk factors for exposure and specific barriers to accessing testing and reliable health information, rendering them particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to investigate the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among South Asian people in the GTA, and to characterize the demographic characteristics, risk perceptions and trusted sources of health information in this group. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis from the baseline assessment of participants in a prospective cohort study. Participants from the GTA were enrolled from Apr. 14 to July 28, 2021. Seropositivity for antispike and antinucleocapsid antibodies was determined from dried blood spots, and estimates of seropositivity were age and sex standardized to the South Asian population in Ontario. Demographic characteristics, risk perceptions and sources of COVID-19 information were collected via questionnaire and reported descriptively. RESULTS Among the 916 South Asian participants enrolled (mean age 41 yr), the age- and sex-standardized seropositivity was 23.6% (95% confidence interval 20.8%-26.4%). Of the 693 respondents to the questionnaire, 228 (32.9%) identified as essential workers, and 125 (19.1%) reported living in a multigenerational household. A total of 288 (49.4%) perceived that they were at high COVID-19 risk owing to their geographic location, and 149 (34.3%) owing to their type of employment. The top 3 most trusted sources of information related to COVID-19 included health care providers and public health, traditional media sources and social media. INTERPRETATION By the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, about one-quarter of a sample of South Asian individuals in Ontario had serologic evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Insight into factors that put certain populations at risk can help future pandemic planning and disease control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Shelly Bolotin
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Dawn Bowdish
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Rahul Chanchlani
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Dipika Desai
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Sujane Kandasamy
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Zainab Khan
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Jayneel Limbachia
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Scott A Lear
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Lawrence Loh
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Baanu Manoharan
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Kiran Nakka
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Karleen M Schulze
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Natalie Williams
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Gita Wahi
- Department of Medicine (Anand, Bowdish, Punthakee, Schulze, Williams), McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute (Anand, Bangdiwala, de Souza, Desai, F. Khan, Z. Khan, Limbachia, Punthakee), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Arnold, Langlois, Nakka, Pelchat), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (Bangdiwala, de Souza, Kandasamy, Loeb, Manoharan), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Loh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Chanchlani, Wahi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Loeb), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
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22
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Abe KT, Rathod B, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Tuite A, Robbins NF, Orjuela G, Jenkins C, Conrod V, Yi QL, O’Brien SF, Drews SJ. A Qualitative Comparison of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant Assay against Commonly Used Canadian SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme Immunoassays in Blood Donor Retention Specimens, April 2020 to March 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0113422. [PMID: 35652636 PMCID: PMC9241784 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01134-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our group has previously used laboratory and commercially developed assays to understand the IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD), in Canadian blood donors. In this current study, we analyzed 17,428 available and previously characterized retention samples collected from April 2020 to March 2021. The analysis compared the characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott anti-spike [S], Abbott, Chicago, IL) against four other IgG assays. The Abbott anti-S assay has a qualitative threshold of 50 AU/mL. The four comparator assays were the Abbott anti-nucleocapsid (N) assay and three commonly used Canadian in-house IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) recognizing distinct recombinant viral antigens, full-length spike glycoprotein, glycoprotein RBD, and nucleocapsid. The strongest qualitative relationship was between Sinai RBD and the Abbott anti-S assay (kappa, 0.707; standard error [SE] of kappa, 0.018; 95% confidence interval, 0.671 to 0.743). We then scored each previously characterized specimen as positive when two anti-SARS-COV-2 assays identified anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the specimen. Using this composite reference standard approach, the sensitivity of the Abbott anti-S assay was 95.96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.27 to 97.63%). The specificity of the Abbott anti-S assay was 99.35% (95% CI, 99.21 to 99.46%). Our study provides context on the use of commonly used SARS-CoV-2 serologies in Canada and identifies how these assays qualitatively compare to newer commercial assays. Our next steps are to assess how well the Abbott anti-S assays quantitatively detect wild-type and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. IMPORTANCE We describe the qualitative test characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay against four other anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays commonly used in Canada. Although there is no gold standard for identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, aggregate standards can be used to assess seropositivity. In this study, we used a specimen bank of previously well-characterized specimens collected between April 2020 and March 2021. The Abbott anti-S assay showed the strongest qualitative relationship with a widely used laboratory-developed IgG assay for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Using the composite reference standard approach, we also showed that the Abbott anti-S assay was highly sensitive and specific. As new anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are developed, it is important to compare their test characteristics against other assays that have been extensively used in prior research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento T. Abe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Treadwell Therapeutics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Tuite
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Craig Jenkins
- COVID-19 Serological Screening Laboratory, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Conrod
- COVID-19 Serological Screening Laboratory, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi-Long Yi
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila F. O’Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Microbiology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Cholette F, Farmer B, Balakireva O, Pavlova D, Lopatenko A, Chukhalova I, Bargan S, Mishra S, Becker M, Lee ER, Kim J, Sandstrom P. Evaluation of the bioMérieux VIDAS HIV Duo Quick and Anti-HCV assays for dried blood spot based serosurveillance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10171. [PMID: 35715449 PMCID: PMC9205869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serosurveillance is central to monitoring our progress towards HIV and HCV elimination targets proposed for 2030. However, serosurveillance systems are ineffective without reliable serological assays for the detection of HIV and HCV antibodies. Assays should also be compatible with dried blood spot (DBS) samples to facilitate biological sample collection. The VIDAS HIV Duo Quick and Anti-HCV assays are sold as reagents strips and processed by the automated VIDAS benchtop immunoanalyser. While both assays have shown excellent performance in serum and plasma, performance data in DBS samples is lacking. In our study, we evaluate the performance of the VIDAS HIV Duo Quick and Anti-HCV assays in DBS (n = 725) collected during a cross-sectional serosurvey (the Transitions study). The VIDAS HIV Duo quick had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.5% (95% CI 85.1%, 98.5%) and 95.7% (95% CI 93.9%, 97.0%) respectively. Likewise, the VIDAS Anti-HCV had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.6% (95% CI 91.6%, 97.8%) and 95.6% (95% CI 93.5%, 97.0%) respectively. These assays are unlikely to be helpful in low-prevalence settings due to sub-optimal performance, but their performance could likely be improved by optimizing DBS elution protocols which was, unfortunately, not possible during our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Cholette
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, National Microbiology Laboratory at the J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3L5, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Braedy Farmer
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, National Microbiology Laboratory at the J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3L5, Canada
| | - Olga Balakireva
- Institute for Economics and Forecasting, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Ukrainian Institute for Social Research After Oleksandr Yaremenko, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Daria Pavlova
- Ukrainian Institute for Social Research After Oleksandr Yaremenko, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Lopatenko
- Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Medical Centre of Socially Significant Diseases, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Chukhalova
- Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Medical Centre of Socially Significant Diseases, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Bargan
- Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Medical Centre of Socially Significant Diseases, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Sharmistha Mishra
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marissa Becker
- Institute for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Emma R Lee
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, National Microbiology Laboratory at the J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3L5, Canada
| | - John Kim
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, National Microbiology Laboratory at the J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3L5, Canada
| | - Paul Sandstrom
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, National Microbiology Laboratory at the J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3L5, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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24
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Miesse PK, Collier BB, Grant RP. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using dried blood spot for at-home collection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5812. [PMID: 35388074 PMCID: PMC8985748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of vaccines to fight the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a growing need for expansive serological testing. To address this, an EUA approved immunoassay for detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in venous serum samples was investigated for use with dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Results from self-collected DBS samples demonstrated a 98.1% categorical agreement to venous serum with a correlation (R) of 0.9600 while professionally collected DBS samples demonstrated a categorical agreement of 100.0% with a correlation of 0.9888 to venous serum. Additional studies were performed to stress different aspects of at-home DBS collection, including shipping stability, effects of interferences, and other sample-specific robustness studies. These studies demonstrated a categorical agreement of at least 95.0% and a mean bias less than ± 20.0%. Furthermore, the ability to track antibody levels following vaccination with the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine was demonstrated with serial self-collected DBS samples from pre-dose (Day 0) out to 19 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton K Miesse
- Center for Esoteric Testing, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, NC, USA
| | - Bradley B Collier
- Center for Esoteric Testing, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, NC, USA.
| | - Russell P Grant
- Center for Esoteric Testing, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, NC, USA
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25
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Bhatt M, Plint AC, Tang K, Malley R, Huy AP, McGahern C, Dawson J, Pelchat M, Dawson L, Varshney T, Arnold C, Galipeau Y, Austin M, Thampi N, Alnaji F, Langlois MA, Zemek RL. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from unvaccinated asymptomatic and symptomatic household members with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: an antibody-surveillance study. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E357-E366. [PMID: 35414597 PMCID: PMC9007444 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20220026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household transmission contributes to SARS-CoV-2 spread, but the role of children in transmission is unclear. We conducted a study that included symptomatic and asymptomatic children and adults exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in their households with the objective of determining how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted within households. METHODS In this case-ascertained antibody-surveillance study, we enrolled households in Ottawa, Ontario, in which at least 1 household member had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. The enrolment period was September 2020 to March 2021. Potentially eligible participants were identified if they had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at an academic emergency department or affiliated testing centre; people who learned about the study through the media could also self-identify for participation. At least 2 participants were required for a household to be eligible for study participation, and at least 1 enrolled participant per household had to be a child (age < 18 yr). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA, IgM and IgG against the spike-trimer and nucleocapsid protein. The primary outcome was household secondary attack rate, defined as the proportion of household contacts positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibody among the total number of household contacts participating in the study. We performed descriptive statistics at both the individual and household levels. To estimate and compare outcomes between patient subgroups, and to examine predictors of household transmission, we fitted a series of multivariable logistic regression with robust standard errors to account for clustering of individuals within households. RESULTS We enrolled 695 participants from 180 households: 180 index participants (74 children, 106 adults) and 515 of their household contacts (266 children, 249 adults). A total of 487 household contacts (94.6%) (246 children, 241 adults) had SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, of whom 239 had a positive result (secondary attack rate 49.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.9%-55.3%). Eighty-eight (36.8%, 95% CI 29.3%-43.2%) of the 239 were asymptomatic; asymptomatic rates were similar for children (51/130 [39.2%, 95% CI 30.7%-48.5%]) and adults (37/115 [32.2%, 95% CI 24.2%-41.4%]) (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% CI 0.8-2.1). Adults were more likely than children to transmit SARS-CoV-2 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.6). The odds of transmission from asymptomatic (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.2-1.4) versus symptomatic (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.4) index participants to household contacts was uncertain. Predictors of household transmission included household density (number of people per bedroom), relationship to index participant and number of cases in the household. INTERPRETATION The rate of SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households was nearly 50% during the study period, and children were an important source of spread. The findings suggest that children are an important driver of the COVID-19 pandemic; this should inform public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maala Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont.
| | - Amy C Plint
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Ken Tang
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Richard Malley
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Anne Pham Huy
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Candice McGahern
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Jennifer Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Lauren Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Terry Varshney
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Michael Austin
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Nisha Thampi
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Fuad Alnaji
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Roger L Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics (Bhatt, Plint, Pham Huy, Varshney, Thampi, Alnaji, Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa; Department of Emergency Medicine (Plint, Alnaji, Zemek), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tang, McGahern, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, Austin), Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Malley), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Pelchat, Arnold, Galipeau, Langlois), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Pelchat, Langlois); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Austin), Ottawa, Ont
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26
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Colwill K, Galipeau Y, Stuible M, Gervais C, Arnold C, Rathod B, Abe KT, Wang JH, Pasculescu A, Maltseva M, Rocheleau L, Pelchat M, Fazel‐Zarandi M, Iskilova M, Barrios‐Rodiles M, Bennett L, Yau K, Cholette F, Mesa C, Li AX, Paterson A, Hladunewich MA, Goodwin PJ, Wrana JL, Drews SJ, Mubareka S, McGeer AJ, Kim J, Langlois M, Gingras A, Durocher Y. A scalable serology solution for profiling humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1380. [PMID: 35356067 PMCID: PMC8942165 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antibody testing against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been instrumental in detecting previous exposures and analyzing vaccine-elicited immune responses. Here, we describe a scalable solution to detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, discriminate between natural infection- and vaccination-induced responses, and assess antibody-mediated inhibition of the spike-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction. Methods We developed methods and reagents to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The main assays focus on the parallel detection of immunoglobulin (Ig)Gs against the spike trimer, its receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N). We automated a surrogate neutralisation (sn)ELISA that measures inhibition of ACE2-spike or -RBD interactions by antibodies. The assays were calibrated to a World Health Organization reference standard. Results Our single-point IgG-based ELISAs accurately distinguished non-infected and infected individuals. For seroprevalence assessment (in a non-vaccinated cohort), classifying a sample as positive if antibodies were detected for ≥ 2 of the 3 antigens provided the highest specificity. In vaccinated cohorts, increases in anti-spike and -RBD (but not -N) antibodies are observed. We present detailed protocols for serum/plasma or dried blood spots analysis performed manually and on automated platforms. The snELISA can be performed automatically at single points, increasing its scalability. Conclusions Measuring antibodies to three viral antigens and identify neutralising antibodies capable of disrupting spike-ACE2 interactions in high-throughput enables large-scale analyses of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The reagents are available to enable scaling up of standardised serological assays, permitting inter-laboratory data comparison and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaMontréalQCCanada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaMontréalQCCanada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Present address:
Treadwell TherapeuticsTorontoONCanada
| | - Kento T Abe
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Jenny H Wang
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Mariam Maltseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Lynda Rocheleau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Mahya Fazel‐Zarandi
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Mariam Iskilova
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Miriam Barrios‐Rodiles
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Linda Bennett
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Kevin Yau
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - François Cholette
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Christine Mesa
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Angel X Li
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Aimee Paterson
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Michelle A Hladunewich
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Microbiology, Donation Policy and StudiesCanadian Blood ServicesEdmontonABCanada
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Division of MicrobiologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular DiagnosticsSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
- Biological SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Division of Infectious DiseasesSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Allison J McGeer
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - John Kim
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Marc‐André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Anne‐Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaMontréalQCCanada
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27
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Performance of Immunoglobulin G Serology on Finger Prick Capillary Dried Blood Spot Samples to Detect a SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0140521. [PMID: 35266818 PMCID: PMC9045222 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01405-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of finger prick capillary dried blood spot (DBS) samples tested by a quantitative multiplex anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) assay to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies after infection or vaccination. This cross-sectional study involved participants (n = 6,841) from several serological surveys conducted in nonhospitalized children and adults throughout 2020 and 2021 in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Analysis used paired DBS and serum samples from a subset of participants (n = 642) prior to vaccination to establish signal thresholds and calculate diagnostic accuracy by logistic regression. Discrimination of the logistic regression model was assessed by receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis in an n = 2,000 bootstrap of the paired sample (n = 642). The model was cross-validated in a subset of vaccinated persons (n = 90). Unpaired DBS samples (n = 6,723) were used to evaluate anti-IgG signal distributions. In comparison to paired serum, DBS samples from an unvaccinated population possessed a sensitivity of 79% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 58 to 91%) and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95 to 98%). ROC analysis found that DBS samples accurately classify SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion at an 88% percent rate (area under the curve [AUC] = 88% [95% CI: 80 to 95%]). In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine dose one or two recipients, the sensitivity of DBS testing increased to 97% (95% CI: 83 to 99%) and 100% (95% CI: 88 to 100%). Modeling found that DBS testing possesses a high positive predictive value (98% [95% CI: 97 to 98%]) in a population with 75% seroprevalence. We demonstrate that DBS testing should be considered to reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity from natural infection or vaccination. IMPORTANCE Dried blood spot samples have comparable diagnostic accuracy to serum collected by venipuncture when tested by an electrochemiluminescent assay for antibodies and should be considered to reliably detect seropositivity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination.
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