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Mougabure-Cueto G, Fronza G, Nattero J. What happens when the insecticide does not kill? A review of sublethal toxicology and insecticide resistance in triatomines. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39167411 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease is considered one of the most important human parasitosis in the United States. This disease is mainly transmitted by insects of the subfamily Triatominae. The chemical vector control is the main tool for reducing the incidence of the disease. However, the presence of triatomines after pyrethroids spraying has been reported in some regions, as in the case of Triatoma infestans in Argentina and Bolivia. The presence of insects can be explained by the colonization from neighbouring areas, the reduction of insecticide dose to sublethal levels due to environmental factors, and/or by the evolution of insecticide resistance. In the last two scenarios, a proportion of the insects is not killed by insecticide and gives rise to residual populations. This article focuses on the toxicological processes associated with these scenarios in triatomines. Sublethal doses may have different effects on insect biology, that is, sublethal effects, which may contribute to the control. In addition, for insect disease vectors, sublethal doses could have negative effects on disease transmission. The study of sublethal effects in triatomines has focused primarily on the sequence of symptoms associated with nervous intoxication. However, the effects of sublethal doses on excretion, reproduction and morphology have also been studied. Rhodnius prolixus and T. infestans and pyrethroids insecticides were the triatomine species and insecticides, respectively, mainly studied. Insecticide resistance is an evolutionary phenomenon in which the insecticide acts as a selective force, concentrating on the insect population's pre-existing traits that confer resistance. This leads to a reduction in the susceptibility to the insecticide, which was previously effective in controlling this species. The evolution of resistance in triatomines received little attention before the 2000s, but after the detection of the first focus of resistance associated with chemical control failures in T. infestans from Argentina in 2002, the study of resistance increased remarkably. A significant number of works have studied the geographical distribution, the resistance mechanisms, the biological modifications associated with resistance, the environmental influences and the genetic of T. infestans resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. Currently, studies of insecticide resistance are gradually being extended to other areas and other species. The aim of this article was to review the knowledge on both phenomena (sublethal effects and insecticide resistance) in triatomines. For a better understanding of this article, some concepts and processes related to insect-insecticide interactions, individual and population toxicology and evolutionary biology are briefly reviewed. Finally, possible future lines of research in triatomine toxicology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Mougabure-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Fronza
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad (IIIA, EHyS, UNSAM-CONICET), Universidad de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ong’wen F, Njoroge MM, Fillinger U, Lutermann H, Bukhari T. Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae, Isolate ICIPE 7, against Anopheles arabiensis, Glossina fuscipes, and Rhipicephalus spp. INSECTS 2024; 15:449. [PMID: 38921163 PMCID: PMC11204313 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Arthropod vectors are responsible for a multitude of human and animal diseases affecting poor communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Their control still relies on chemical agents, despite growing evidence of insecticide resistance and environmental health concerns. Biorational agents, such as the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, might be an alternative for vector control. Recently, the M. anisopliae isolate ICIPE 7 has been developed into a commercial product in Kenya for control of ticks on cattle. We were interested in assessing the potential of controlling not only ticks but also disease-transmitting mosquitoes and tsetse flies using cattle as blood hosts, with the aim of developing a product for integrated vector management. Laboratory bioassays were carried out with M. anisopliae, isolate ICIPE 7 and isolate ICIPE 30, to compare efficacy against laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis. ICIPE 7 was further tested against wild Glossina fuscipes and Rhipicephalus spp. Dose-response tests were implemented, period of mosquito exposure was evaluated for effects on time to death, and the number of spores attached to exposed vectors was assessed. Exposure to 109 spores/mL of ICIPE 7 for 10 min resulted in a similar mortality of An. arabiensis as exposure to ICIPE 30, albeit at a slower rate (12 vs. 8 days). The same ICIPE 7 concentration also resulted in mortalities of tsetse flies (LT50: 16 days), tick nymphs (LT50: 11 days), and adult ticks (LT50: 20 days). Mosquito mortality was dose-dependent, with decreasing LT50 of 8 days at a concentration of 106 spores/mL to 6 days at 1010 spores/mL. Exposure period did not modulate the outcome, 1 min of exposure still resulted in mortality, and spore attachment to vectors was dose-dependent. The laboratory bioassays confirmed that ICIPE 7 has the potential to infect and cause mortality to the three exposed arthropods, though at slower rate, thus requiring further validation under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedinand Ong’wen
- Human Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (M.M.N.); (U.F.); (T.B.)
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Margaret Mendi Njoroge
- Human Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (M.M.N.); (U.F.); (T.B.)
| | - Ulrike Fillinger
- Human Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (M.M.N.); (U.F.); (T.B.)
| | - Heike Lutermann
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Tullu Bukhari
- Human Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (M.M.N.); (U.F.); (T.B.)
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Patel NF, Letinić BD, Lobb L, Zawada J, Dlamini DM, Mabaso N, Munhenga G, Oliver SV. Comparison of the effect of bacterial stimulation on the global epigenetic landscape and transcription of immune genes in primarily zoophilic members of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 260:111631. [PMID: 38844266 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex vary in their vector competence, and this is often attributed to behavioural differences. Similarly, there are differences in transmission capabilities of the zoophilic members of this complex despite exhibiting similar behaviours. Therefore, behavioural differences alone cannot fully explain vector competence variation within members of the An. gambiae complex. The immune system of mosquitoes plays a key role in determining susceptibility to parasite infection and consequently transmission capacity. This study aimed to examine variations in the immune response of An. arabiensis, An. merus and An. quadriannulatus, a major, minor, and non-vector respectively. The global epigenetic landscape was characterised and the expression of Defensin-1 and Gambicin was assessed in response to Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial infections. The effect of insecticide resistance in An. arabiensis on these aspects was also assessed. The immune system was stimulated by a blood-borne bacterial supplementation. The 5mC, 5hmC, m6A methylation levels and Histone Acetyl Transferase activity were assessed with commercial ELISA kits. The transcript levels of Defensin-1 and Gambicin were assessed by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Species-specific differences in 5mC and m6A methylation existed both constitutively as well as post immune stimulation. The epigenetic patterns observed in the laboratory strains were largely conserved in F1 offspring of wild-caught adults. The methylation patterns in the major vector typically differed from that of the minor/non-vectors. The differences between insecticide susceptible and resistant An. arabiensis were more reflected in the expression of Defensin-1 and Gambicin. The expression of these peptides differed in the strains only after bacterial stimulation. Anopheles merus and An. quadriannulatus expressed significantly higher levels of antimicrobial peptides, both constitutively and after immune stimulation. These findings suggest molecular variations in the immune response of members of the An. gambiae complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashrin F Patel
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Blaženka D Letinić
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leanne Lobb
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacek Zawada
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dumsani M Dlamini
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nondumiso Mabaso
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Givemore Munhenga
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shüné V Oliver
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Silva JRDA, de Oliveira AA, França LP, da Cruz JD, Amaral ACF. Exploring the Larvicidal and Adulticidal Activity against Aedes aegypti of Essential Oil from Bocageopsis multiflora. Molecules 2024; 29:2240. [PMID: 38792102 PMCID: PMC11124082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Bocageopsis multiflora (Mart.) R.E.Fr (Annonaceae), examining its effectiveness in combating both the larvae and adult forms of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Additionally, for a deeper understanding of the insecticidal activity, toxicity properties and molecular docking calculations were conducted using the main compounds of this essential oil. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 26 constituents, representing 95.2% of the essential oil, with the major components identified as the sesquiterpenes α-selinene, β-selinene, and β-elemene. Larvicidal assays demonstrated potent activity of this essential oil with significant LC50 values of 40.8 and 39.4 μg/mL at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Adulticidal assessments highlighted strong efficacy with LC50 of 12.5 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis identified optimal interaction activities of α-selinene and β-selinene with key Aedes proteins. The in silico studies comparing synthetic insecticides with the major sesquiterpenes of the essential oil revealed that β-selinene exhibited a significantly higher binding affinity compared to the other two sesquiterpenes. Also, ADMET studies of the three main sesquiterpenes indicated acceptable drug-like properties. In these findings, safety evaluations showed low toxicity and skin sensitization for the main sesquiterpenes, contrasting with commercial synthetic insecticides. Therefore, in silico analyses suggest promising interactions with Aedes proteins, indicating its potential as an effective alternative to conventional insecticides These results show the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of the essential oil from Bocageopsis multiflora against Aedes aegypti, supported by its predominant constituents, α-selinene, β-selinene and β-elemene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Rocha de Andrade Silva
- Laboratório de Cromatografia, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (L.P.F.)
| | - Aimêe Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cromatografia, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (L.P.F.)
| | - Leandro Pereira França
- Laboratório de Cromatografia, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (L.P.F.)
| | - Jefferson Diocesano da Cruz
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil;
| | - Ana Claudia Fernandes Amaral
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil;
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Abdulai A, Owusu-Asenso CM, Haizel C, Mensah SKE, Sraku IK, Halou D, Doe RT, Mohammed AR, Akuamoah-Boateng Y, Forson AO, Afrane YA. The role of car tyres in the ecology of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Ghana. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2024; 5:100176. [PMID: 38746755 PMCID: PMC11091510 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is an important vector of arboviral diseases including dengue and yellow fever. Despite the wide distribution of this mosquito species, there are limited data on the ecology of Ae. aegypti in Ghana. In this study, we report on the oviposition preference and the larval life tables of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Accra, Ghana. The oviposition preference of the mosquitoes to three habitat types (car tyres, drums and bowls) was measured by setting up ovitraps. We recorded the presence and abundance of larvae every 3 days. Two-hour-old Ae. aegypti larvae were introduced and raised in three habitat types to undertake larval life tables. The number of surviving larvae at each developmental stage was recorded daily until they emerged as adults. Car tyres showed a higher abundance of Ae. aegypti larvae (52.3%) than drums (32.5%) and bowls (15.1%) (ANOVA, F(2,159) = 18.79, P < 0.001). The mean development time of Ae. aegypti larvae was significantly lower in car tyres (7 ± 1 days) compared to that of bowls (9 ± 0.0 days) and drums (12.6 ± 1.5 days) (P = 0.024). The differences in pupation rates and emergence rates were not significant across the habitat types; however, the highest pupation rate was observed in bowls (0.92 ± 0.17) and the emergence rate was highest in tyres (0.84 ± 0.10). The proportion of first-instar larvae that survived to emergence was significantly higher in car tyres (0.84 ± 0.10) compared to that of bowls (0.72 ± 0.20) and drums (0.62 ± 0.20) (P = 0.009). No mortalities were observed after 9 days in car tyres, 10 days in bowls and 15 days in drums. The results confirm that discarded car tyres were the preferred habitat choice for the oviposition of gravid female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and provide the best habitat conditions for larval development and survival. These findings are necessary for understanding the ecology of Ae. aegypti to develop appropriate strategies for their control in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Abdulai
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Christodea Haizel
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Sebastian Kow Egyin Mensah
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kwame Sraku
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Daniel Halou
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Richard Tettey Doe
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Yaw Akuamoah-Boateng
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Akua Obeng Forson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Asare Afrane
- Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Chen J, Zhou X, Jiang Z, Jiang D. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrido [1,2-α] Pyrimidinone Mesoionic Derivatives Bearing Propenylbenzene as the Vector Control Insecticide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:999-1006. [PMID: 38175165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrido [1,2-α] pyrimidinone mesoionic derivatives bearing a propenylbenzene group at the 1-position were synthesized on the basis of the structure of mesoionic insecticides triflumezopyrim and dicloromezotiaz via a rationally conceived pharmacophore model and evaluated for their insecticidal activities against three insect vectors. The bioassay results showed that some compounds exerted remarkable insecticidal activities against M. domestica, Ae. albopictus, and B. germanica. Particularly, compound 26l displayed outstanding insecticidal activity against Ae. Albopictus, with an LC50 value of 0.45 μg/mL, far superior to that of imidacloprid (LC50 = 1.82 μg/mL) and equivalent to that of triflumezopyrim (0.35 μg/mL). Meanwhile, compound 34l presented a broad insecticidal spectrum, with LC50 values of 1.51 μg/g sugar, 0.52 μg/mL and 0.14 μg/adult, which were about 2.88, 3.50, and 1.50 times better than that of imidacloprid (LC50 = 4.35 μg/g sugar, 1.82 μg/mL and 0.21 μg/adult against M. domestica, Ae. albopictus, and B. germanica, respectively) and equivalent to that of triflumezopyrim against M. domestica (1.13 μg/g sugar) and Ae. albopictus (0.35 μg/mL) but lower than the potency against B. germanica (0.06 μg/g sugar). The molecular docking study by energy minimizations revealed that introducing propenylbenzene at the 1-position of compounds 26l and 34l could embed into the binding pocket of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and form pi-alkyl interaction with LEU306. These results demonstrated that compounds 26l and 34l could be promising candidates for vector control insecticides, which deserved further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dingxin Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Kumar S, Sharma A, Samal RR, Verma V, Sagar RK, Singh SP, Raghavendra K. Development of Deltamethrin-Laced Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait to Control Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) Population. J Trop Med 2024; 2024:6966205. [PMID: 38223354 PMCID: PMC10787649 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6966205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising strategy for controlling mosquitoes at the adult stage. The strategy is based on the use of a combination of fruit juice, sugar, and a toxin in order to attract and kill the adult mosquitoes. The selection of the components and optimization of their concentrations is significant for the formulation of an effective ATSB. Methods The present study formulated nine ATSBs and evaluated their efficacy against two laboratory strains (AND-Aedes aegypti and AND-Aedes aegypti-DL10) and two wildcaught colonized strains of Aedes aegypti (GVD-Delhi and SHD-Delhi). Initially, nine attractive sugar baits (ASBs) were prepared using a mixture of 100% fermented guava juice (attractant) with 10% sucrose solution (w/v) in 1 : 1 ratio. ATSBs were formulated by mixing each ASB with different concentrations of deltamethrin in the ratio of 9 : 1 to obtain final deltamethrin concentration of 0.003125-0.8 mg/10 mL ATSB. Cage bioassays were conducted with 50 mosquitoes for 24 h in order to evaluate the efficacy of each ATSB against the four strains of Ae. aegypti. The data were statistically analyzed using PASW software 19.0 program and 2-way ANOVA. Results The ATSB formulations registered 8.33-97.44% mortality against AND-Aedes aegypti and 5.15-96.91% mortality against AND-Aedes aegypti-DL10 strains of Ae. aegypti, while GVD-Delhi strain registered 2.04-95.83% mortality and SHD-Delhi strain showed 5.10-97.96% mortality. The administration of 0.8 mg of deltamethrin within 10 mL of attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) has led to the maximum mortality rate in adult mosquitoes. Conclusions The ATSBs formulated with guava juice-ASB and deltamethrin (9 : 1) showed toxin dose-dependent toxicity by all the four strains of Ae. aegypti. Most effective dosage was found as 0.8 mg deltamethrin/10 mL ATSB which imparted 96% to 98% mortality in adult mosquitoes. The investigations demonstrated the efficacy of deltamethrin-laced ATSB formulations against Ae. aegypti and highlighted the need for conduct of structured field trials and investigating the impact on disease vectors and nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110 019, India
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110 019, India
| | - Roopa Rani Samal
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110 019, India
| | - Vaishali Verma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110 077, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Sagar
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110 019, India
| | - Shri Pati Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110 077, India
| | - Kamaraju Raghavendra
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110 077, India
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Lee S, Eom S, Pyeon M, Moon M, Yun J, Lee J, Choi YS, Lee JH. Identification of 2,4-Di- tert-butylphenol as a Novel Agonist for Insect Odorant Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:220. [PMID: 38203390 PMCID: PMC10779170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Odorant molecules interact with odorant receptors (ORs) lining the pores on the surface of the sensilla on an insect's antennae and maxillary palps. This interaction triggers an electrical signal that is transmitted to the insect's nervous system, thereby influencing its behavior. Orco, an OR coreceptor, is crucial for olfactory transduction, as it possesses a conserved sequence across the insect lineage. In this study, we focused on 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP), a single substance present in acetic acid bacteria culture media. We applied DTBP to oocytes expressing various Drosophila melanogaster odor receptors and performed electrophysiology experiments. After confirming the activation of DTBP on the receptor, the binding site was confirmed through point mutations. Our findings confirmed that DTBP interacts with the insect Orco subunit. The 2-heptanone, octanol, and 2-hexanol were not activated for the Orco homomeric channel, but DTBP was activated, and the EC50 value was 13.4 ± 3.0 μM. Point mutations were performed and among them, when the W146 residue changed to alanine, the Emax value was changed from 1.0 ± 0 in the wild type to 0.0 ± 0 in the mutant type, and all activity was decreased. Specifically, DTBP interacted with the W146 residue of the Orco subunit, and the activation manner was concentration-dependent and voltage-independent. This molecular-level analysis provides the basis for novel strategies to minimize pest damage. DTBP, with its specific binding to the Orco subunit, shows promise as a potential pest controller that can exclusively target insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhui Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Sanung Eom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Minsu Pyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Myungmi Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jihwon Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jaehyeong Lee
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Seok Choi
- Bioenvironmental Division, Chungnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yesan 32418, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho H. Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.); (J.Y.)
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Akoton R, Sovegnon PM, Djihinto OY, Medjigbodo AA, Agonhossou R, Saizonou HM, Tchigossou GM, Atoyebi SM, Tossou E, Zeukeng F, Lagnika HO, Mousse W, Adegnika AA, Djouaka R, Djogbénou LS. Vectorial competence, insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and operational implications for malaria vector control strategies in Benin Republic. Malar J 2023; 22:385. [PMID: 38129880 PMCID: PMC10740250 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary reason for the failure of malaria vector control across endemic regions is the widespread insecticide resistance observed in Anopheles vectors. The most dominant African vectors of malaria parasites are Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus mosquitoes. These species often exhibit divergent behaviours and adaptive changes underscoring the importance of deploying active and effective measures in their control. Unlike An. gambiae, An. funestus mosquitoes are poorly studied in Benin Republic. However, recent reports indicated that An. funestus can adapt and colonize various ecological niches owing to its resistance against insecticides and adaptation to changing breeding habitats. Unfortunately, scientific investigations on the contribution of An. funestus to malaria transmission, their susceptibility to insecticide and resistance mechanism developed are currently insufficient for the design of better control strategies. In an attempt to gather valuable information on An. funestus, the present review examines the progress made on this malaria vector species in Benin Republic and highlights future research perspectives on insecticide resistance profiles and related mechanisms, as well as new potential control strategies against An. funestus. Literature analysis revealed that An. funestus is distributed all over the country, although present in low density compared to other dominant malaria vectors. Interestingly, An. funestus is being found in abundance during the dry seasons, suggesting an adaptation to desiccation. Among the An. funestus group, only An. funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles leesoni were found in the country with An. funestus s.s. being the most abundant species. Furthermore, An. funestus s.s. is the only one species in the group contributing to malaria transmission and have adapted biting times that allow them to bite at dawn. In addition, across the country, An. funestus were found resistant to pyrethroid insecticides used for bed nets impregnation and also resistant to bendiocarb which is currently being introduced in indoor residual spraying formulation in malaria endemic regions. All these findings highlight the challenges faced in controlling this malaria vector. Therefore, advancing the knowledge of vectorial competence of An. funestus, understanding the dynamics of insecticide resistance in this malaria vector, and exploring alternative vector control measures, are critical for sustainable malaria control efforts in Benin Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Akoton
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Pierre Marie Sovegnon
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Oswald Y Djihinto
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Adandé A Medjigbodo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Romuald Agonhossou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Helga M Saizonou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Seun M Atoyebi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Eric Tossou
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Francis Zeukeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Hamirath O Lagnika
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Wassiyath Mousse
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine (ITM), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Luc S Djogbénou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
- Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin
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Maza VA, Nattero J, Gaspe MS, Cardinal MV. Extended stage duration and diminished fecundity in deltamethrin-resistant Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) of the Argentinean Chaco. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:834-844. [PMID: 37658694 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid-resistance is an emergent trait in populations of various insect species. For Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), the major vector of Chagas disease in the southern part of South America, hotspot areas of pyrethroid-resistance have recently been found in the Chaco Province of Argentina. Resistant condition can reduce fitness of individuals in the absence of insecticide exposure, that is, fitness costs. We evaluated the existence of developmental and/or reproductive costs in T. infestans collected from two areas of pyrethroid-resistance in Chaco Province, Argentina. Three toxicological groups were defined from field-collected insects: susceptible (survival <20%), moderately resistant (survival between 20% and 80%) and highly resistant (survival >80%). Cohorts of the three toxicological groups were followed-up to study life cycle and reproductive parameters. Additionally, we parameterized matrix population growth models. First and IV nymphal stages of the resistant groups exhibited a longer stage duration than susceptible ones. The reproductive days and hatching success showed significant lower values revealing reproductive costs for the resistant groups. Matrix analysis showed lower population growth rates for the resistant groups. Our results support developmental and reproductive costs for pyrethroid-resistant individuals. This trait could be interpreted as lower population recovery ability for pyrethroid-resistant individuals compared to susceptible insects after alternative vector control actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A Maza
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Sol Gaspe
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Cardinal
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Natchema S Fonkou B, Tchouakui M, Menze BD, Mugenzi LMJ, Fofie D, Nguiffo-Nguete D, Nkengazong L, Tombi J, Wondji CS. Entomological longitudinal surveys in two contrasted eco-climatic settings in Cameroon reveal a high malaria transmission from Anopheles funestus associated with GSTe2 metabolic resistance. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:738. [PMID: 37891470 PMCID: PMC10612181 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of metabolic resistance to insecticides on malaria transmission remains poorly characterised notably through application of entomological parameters. The lack of resistance markers has been one of the limiting factors preventing a robust assessment of such impact. To this end, the present study sought to investigate how the L119F-Gste2 metabolic gene influences entomological parameters underpinning mosquitos' propensity to transmit Plasmodium spp. METHODS Longitudinal studies were carried out in Mibellon and Elende, two different eco-climatic settings in Cameroon and mosquitoes were collected using Human Landing Catch (HLC), Centre for Disease Control Light Trap (CDC-LT) and Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) technics. Plasmodium sporozoite parasites were detected by TaqMan and Nested PCR, and blood meal origin by ELISA. The allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) method was used to genotype the L119F-GSTe2 marker and association with malaria transmission was established by comparing key transmission parameters such as the Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) between individuals with different L119F-GSTe2 genotypes. RESULTS An. funestus s.l was the predominant malaria vector collected during the entomological survey in both sites (86.6% and 96.4% in Elende and Mibellon, respectively) followed by An. gambiae s.l (7.5% and 2.4%, respectively). Sporozoite infection rates were very high in both collection sites (8.7% and 11% in Elende and Mibellon, respectively). An. funestus s.s exhibited a very high entomological inoculation rate (EIR) (66 ib/h/month and 792 ib/h/year) and was responsible for 98.6% of all malaria transmission events occurring in both sites. The Human Blood Index was also high in both locations (HBI = 94%). An. funestus s.s. mosquitoes with both 119 F/F (RR) and L119F (RS) genotypes had a significantly higher transmission intensity than their susceptible L/L119 (SS) counterparts (IRR = 2.2, 95%CI (1.1-5.2), p = 0.03; IRR = 2.5, 95% CI (1.2-5.8), p = 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION This study highlights the major role that An. funestus s.s plays in malaria transmission in Cameroon with an aggravation from GSTe2-based metabolic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Natchema S Fonkou
- Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Magellan Tchouakui
- Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Benjamin D Menze
- Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leon M J Mugenzi
- Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Derrick Fofie
- Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete
- Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lucia Nkengazong
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, (IMPM, P.O.Box 13033), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jeannette Tombi
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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12
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Tang Q, Li W, Wang Z, Dong Z, Li X, Li J, Huang Q, Cao Z, Gong W, Zhao Y, Wang M, Guo J. Gut microbiome helps honeybee (Apis mellifera) resist the stress of toxic nectar plant (Bidens pilosa) exposure: Evidence for survival and immunity. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2020-2031. [PMID: 37291689 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) ingestion of toxic nectar plants can threaten their health and survival. However, little is known about how to help honeybees mitigate the effects of toxic nectar plant poisoning. We exposed honeybees to different concentrations of Bidens pilosa flower extracts and found that B. pilosa exposure significantly reduced honeybee survival in a dose-dependent manner. By measuring changes in detoxification and antioxidant enzymes and the gut microbiome, we found that superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities were significantly activated with increasing concentrations of B. pilosa and that different concentrations of B. pilosa exposure changed the structure of the honeybee gut microbiome, causing a significant reduction in the abundance of Bartonella (p < 0.001) and an increase in Lactobacillus. Importantly, by using Germ-Free bees, we found that colonization by the gut microbes Bartonella apis and Apilactobacillus kunkeei (original classification as Lactobacillus kunkeei) significantly increased the resistance of honeybees to B. pilosa and significantly upregulated bee-associated immune genes. These results suggest that honeybee detoxification systems possess a level of resistance to the toxic nectar plant B. pilosa and that the gut microbes B. apis and A. kunkeei may augment resistance to B. pilosa stress by improving host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Tang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinghong, China
| | - Zhixiang Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xijie Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Yazhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minzeng Wang
- Beijing Xishan Experimental Forest Farm, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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13
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Guo Y, Hu K, Zhou J, Xie Z, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Gu J, Zhou X, Yan G, James AA, Chen XG. The dynamics of deltamethrin resistance evolution in Aedes albopictus has an impact on fitness and dengue virus type-2 vectorial capacity. BMC Biol 2023; 21:194. [PMID: 37704988 PMCID: PMC10500878 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide invasion and expansion of Aedes albopictus, an important vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, has become a serious concern in global public health. Chemical insecticides are the primary means currently available to control the mosquito populations. However, long-term and large-scale use of insecticides has selected for resistance in the mosquito that is accompanied by a genetic load that impacts fitness. RESULTS A number of laboratory strains representing different resistance mechanisms were isolated and identified from laboratory-derived, deltamethrin-resistant Ae. albopictus recovered in previous work. Resistance levels and fitness costs of the strains were evaluated and compared to characterize the evolution of the resistance genotypes and phenotypes. The heterozygous F1534S mutation (1534F/S) in the voltage gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene product (VGSC), first detected in early stages of resistance evolution, not only confers high-level resistance, but also produces no significant fitness costs, leading to the rapid spread of resistance in the population. This is followed by the increase in frequency of homozygous F1534S (1534S/S) mosquitoes that have significant fitness disadvantages, prompting the emergence of an unlinked I1532T mutation with fewer side effects and a mating advantage better adapted to the selection and reproductive pressures imposed in the experiments. Metabolic resistance with no significant fitness cost and mediating a high-tolerance resistance phenotype may play a dominant role in the subsequent evolution of resistance. The different resistant strains had similar vector competence for dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2). Furthermore, a comparative analysis of vectorial capacity revealed that increased survival due to deltamethrin resistance balanced the negative fitness cost effects and contributed to the risk of dengue virus (DENV) transmission by resistant populations. The progressive evolution of resistance results in mosquitoes with both target-site insensitivity and metabolic resistance with lower fitness costs, which further leads to resistant populations with both high resistance levels and vectorial capacity. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a possible mechanism for the evolution of deltamethrin resistance in Aedes albopictus. These findings will help guide practical strategies for insecticide use, resistance management and the prevention and control of mosquito-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingni Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yijie Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A James
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4025, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA.
- , Irvine, USA.
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Kay GA, Patterson EI, Hughes GL, Lord JS, Reimer LJ. Knockdown resistance allele L1014F introduced by CRISPR/Cas9 is not associated with altered vector competence of Anopheles gambiae for o'nyong nyong virus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288994. [PMID: 37561739 PMCID: PMC10414658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles conferring resistance to pyrethroid insecticides are widespread amongst vector populations. Previous research has suggested that these alleles are associated with changes in the vector competence of mosquitoes for arboviruses and Plasmodium, however non-target genetic differences between mosquito strains may have had a confounding effect. Here, to minimise genetic differences, the laboratory Anopheles gambiae Kisumu strain was compared to a CRISPR/Cas9 homozygous kdr L1014F mutant Kisumu-kdr line in order to examine associations with vector competence for o'nyong nyong virus (ONNV). Mosquitoes were infected using either blood feeds or intrathoracic microinjections. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of virus in mosquito body parts between kdr mutant and wildtype lines from either oral or intrathoracic injection routes. The ONNV titre was significantly higher in the legs of the wildtype strain at 7dpi following intrathoracic microinjection, but no other significant differences in viral titre were detected. ONNV was not detected in the saliva of mosquitoes from either strain. Our findings from per os infections suggest that the kdr L1014F allele is not associated with altered infection prevalence for ONNV, a key component of vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A. Kay
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Grant L. Hughes
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Lord
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J. Reimer
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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15
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Abbasi E, Yazdani Z, Daliri S, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Organochlorine knockdown-resistance (kdr) association in housefly ( Musca domestica): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 22:e00310. [PMID: 37638112 PMCID: PMC10450350 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although house flies (Musca domestica) do not directly cause disease in humans, they transmit pathogens to them, which provide the basis for many diseases. The main way to deal with this insect is to use insecticides. Due to the resistance from insecticides, the fight against house flies has been hampered. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticides in house flies worldwide. Methods This study was conducted via a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticides in house flies. Accordingly, by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, Bioone, and Embase, all published articles were extracted, and reviewed until the end of May 2022. Statistical data analysis was performed using the random-effects model in the meta-analysis, meta-regression, and I2 index. Results Nine studies entered the meta-analysis process. Based on this, the prevalence of knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticide in house flies was estimated to be 49.1%. Meta-regression showed that the prevalence of knockdown resistance increased with increasing years of study but decreased with increasing sample size. Conclusion According to the findings, about 50% of house flies have knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticide. As a result, it is necessary to adopt effective and combined methods to combat this insect to control it and prevent the transmission of diseases caused by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abbasi
- Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Yazdani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Salman Daliri
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Hernández ML, Dujardin JP, Villacís AG, Yumiseva CA, Remón C, Mougabure-Cueto G. Resistance to deltamethrin in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): does it influence the phenotype of antennae, wings, and heads? Acta Trop 2023:106976. [PMID: 37352997 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In vector control terms, insecticide resistance is the development of the capacity, of an insect population, to tolerate doses of an insecticide that are lethal to most individuals in a typical population of the same species. The genetic changes that determine resistance may have adaptive costs in the resistant phenotype or, conversely, may result in an adaptive advantage when compared to susceptible insects in the environment without insecticides. Triatoma infestans is one of the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern cone of South America. High insecticide resistance in T. infestans was detected in Argentina in Salta and Chaco provinces. The objective of this study was to determine the possible morphometric changes in wings, heads, and the antennal phenotype of deltamethrin-resistant T. infestans (RR) males and females compared to susceptible insects (SS), evaluating its implication in adaptive processes such as olfactory capacity, dispersion, and probability of colonizing new habitats, among others. Nine type I landmarks were marked on wings, 5 type II landmarks on heads, and 10 antennal sensilla were counted on 106 adults of both sexes (resistant and susceptible from first and second laboratory generations). Morphological divergence was observed between the two groups (RR and SS). The RR insects showed smaller sizes of wings and heads and shape compatible with lower dispersal potential and different active dispersal behaviors. Antennae also revealed sensory simplification in RR and divergence between RR and SS, although more marked in females. This study characterizes for the first time T. infestans RR and SS through wings, heads, and antennae. The results suggest a lower dispersive potential in resistant insects and the differences described lay the foundations for the identification of a resistance biomarker in triatomines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hernández
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE). Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos Malbrán (CeNDIE- ANLIS Malbrán). Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - J P Dujardin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR INTERTRYP IRD-CIRAD, University of Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - A G Villacís
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - C A Yumiseva
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - C Remón
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE). Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos Malbrán (CeNDIE- ANLIS Malbrán). Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Mougabure-Cueto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto De Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, IBBEA (UBA-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abbasi E, Daliri S, Yazdani Z, Mohseni S, Mohammadyan G, Seyed Hosseini SN, Haghighi RN. Evaluation of resistance of human head lice to pyrethroid insecticides: A meta-analysis study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17219. [PMID: 37408932 PMCID: PMC10319209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pediculosis is one of the most common annoying infections caused by parasitic lice in humans. Pyrethroids are one of the main insecticides used to treat this infection. But recently, due to the Resistance of lice to this group of insecticides, its insecticidal effects have been affected. The present study was conducted through a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance against these insecticides worldwide. Methods This study was conducted as a meta-analysis of the prevalence of treatment resistance in human head lice against pyrethroid insecticides worldwide. Based on this, all articles published without a time limit until the end of June 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were extracted and using random-effects meta-analysis model statistical methods in the meta-analysis, Cochrane, Index I2, and funnel plot were analyzed by STATA software. Results Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis process. According to this, the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance insecticides in human head lice was estimated at 59% (CI95%: 50%-68%). Among pyrethroid insecticides, the highest prevalence of pyrethroid resistance against permethrin insecticide was 65%. Regarding the prevalence of Resistance by year, the prevalence before 2004 was estimated at 33%, but after 2015, this rate reached 82%. Also, the majority of pyrethroid resistance was estimated at 68% using genetic diagnosis methods and 43% using clinical diagnosis methods. Conclusion More than half of human head lice pyrethroid resistance insecticides. Based on this, it is recommended that before using this treatment method to treat human head lice Infestation, it should investigate the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance in that area, and if the majority of Resistance is high, alternative or combined treatment methods should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abbasi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Salman Daliri
- Research Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Zahra Yazdani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shokrollah Mohseni
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghulamraza Mohammadyan
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chaubey R, Shukla A, Kushwaha AK, Tiwary P, Kumar Singh S, Hennings S, Singh OP, Lawyer P, Rowton E, Petersen CA, Bernhardt SA, Sundar S. Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011276. [PMID: 37163529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne protozoan disease, which can be fatal if left untreated. Synthetic chemical insecticides are very effective tools for controlling of insect vectors, including the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of VL in the Indian subcontinent. However, repeated use of the same insecticide with increasing doses potentially can create high selection pressure and lead to tolerance and resistance development. The objective of this study was to determine the lethal concentrations and assess levels of susceptibility, diagnostic doses and times to death of laboratory-reared P. argentipes to five insecticides that are used worldwide to control vectors. Using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay, 20-30 sand flies were exposed in insecticide- coated 500-ml glass bottles. Flies were then observed for 24 hours and mortality was recorded. Dose-response survival curves were generated for each insecticide using QCal software and lethal concentrations causing 50%, 90% and 95% mortality were determined. A bioassay was also conducted to determine diagnostic doses and diagnostic times by exposing 20-30 flies in each bottle containing set concentrations of insecticide. Mortality was recorded at 10-minute intervals for 120 minutes to generate the survival curve. Phlebotomus argentipes are highly susceptible to alpha-cypermethrin, followed by deltamethrin, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and least susceptible to DDT. Also, the lowest diagnostic doses and diagnostic times were established for alpha-cypermethrin (3μg/ml for 40 minutes) to kill 100% of the flies. The susceptibility data, diagnostic doses and diagnostic times presented here will be useful as baseline reference points for future studies to assess insecticide susceptibility and resistance monitoring of field caught sand flies and to assist in surveillance as VL elimination is achieved in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chaubey
- Kala-Azar Medical Research Center, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Kushwaha
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Puja Tiwary
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Shawna Hennings
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Om Praksh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Phillip Lawyer
- Arthropod Collections, Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Edgar Rowton
- Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christine A Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Coralville, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Scott A Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Irrgang C, Eckmanns T, V Kleist M, Antão EM, Ladewig K, Wieler LH, Körber N. [Application areas of artificial intelligence in the context of One Health with a focus on antimicrobial resistance]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03707-2. [PMID: 37140603 PMCID: PMC10157576 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Societal health is facing a number of new challenges, largely driven by ongoing climate change, demographic ageing, and globalization. The One Health approach links human, animal, and environmental sectors with the goal of achieving a holistic understanding of health in general. To implement this approach, diverse and heterogeneous data streams and types must be combined and analyzed. To this end, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques offer new opportunities for cross-sectoral assessment of current and future health threats. Using the example of antimicrobial resistance as a global threat in the One Health context, we demonstrate potential applications and challenges of AI techniques.This article provides an overview of different applications of AI techniques in the context of One Health and highlights their challenges. Using the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), an increasing global threat, as an example, existing and future AI-based approaches to AMR containment and prevention are described. These range from novel drug development and personalized therapy, to targeted monitoring of antibiotic use in livestock and agriculture, to comprehensive environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Irrgang
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland.
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- FG 37: Nosokomiale Infektionen, Surveillance von Antibiotikaresistenz und -verbrauch, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Max V Kleist
- Fachbereich für Mathematik und Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- P5: Systemmedizin von Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Esther-Maria Antão
- Fachgebiet Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Ladewig
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- Fachgebiet Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Nils Körber
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland
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Brown DJ, Redak RA. Fitness Costs Associated With Insecticide Resistance in Populations of Homalodisca vitripennis Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:560-564. [PMID: 36708025 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is an important vector of bacterial Xyllela diseases throughout the southern and southwestern portions of the United States. Strong insect control measures, such that population densities of the insect vector are significantly reduced, are often necessary to limit the spread of Xylella fastidiosa. Glassy-winged sharpshooter populations within the Central Valley of California have developed a high resistance to imidacloprid (resistance ratio greater than 3,200) and tolerance to pyrethroids (ratio of less than 10) due to frequent applications of these materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential effects of insecticide resistance upon a variety of sharpshooter life history parameters associated with reproductive fitness. Our results indicate that individuals from susceptible populations of glassy-winged sharpshooters exhibited significantly higher fecundity and longer adult lifespans than those from the resistant populations. Additionally, resistant individuals were on average slightly larger than susceptible individuals. These results provide a strong indication that resistance to neonicotinoids imposes a reproductive fitness cost in an insecticide-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Brown
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Richard A Redak
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Vidal-Albalat A, Kindahl T, Rajeshwari R, Lindgren C, Forsgren N, Kitur S, Tengo LS, Ekström F, Kamau L, Linusson A. Structure-Activity Relationships Reveal Beneficial Selectivity Profiles of Inhibitors Targeting Acetylcholinesterase of Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6333-6353. [PMID: 37094110 PMCID: PMC10184127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance jeopardizes the prevention of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever by vector control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Effective new insecticidal compounds with minimal adverse effects on humans and the environment are therefore urgently needed. Here, we explore noncovalent inhibitors of the well-validated insecticidal target acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based on a 4-thiazolidinone scaffold. The 4-thiazolidinones inhibit AChE1 from the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti at low micromolar concentrations. Their selectivity depends primarily on the substitution pattern of the phenyl ring; halogen substituents have complex effects. The compounds also feature a pendant aliphatic amine that was important for activity; little variation of this group is tolerated. Molecular docking studies suggested that the tight selectivity profiles of these compounds are due to competition between two binding sites. Three 4-thiazolidinones tested for in vivo insecticidal activity had similar effects on disease-transmitting mosquitoes despite a 10-fold difference in their in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Kindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nina Forsgren
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-90621 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stanley Kitur
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 54840-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laura Sela Tengo
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 54840-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrik Ekström
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-90621 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luna Kamau
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 54840-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Araújo MF, Castanheira EMS, Sousa SF. The Buzz on Insecticides: A Review of Uses, Molecular Structures, Targets, Adverse Effects, and Alternatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083641. [PMID: 37110875 PMCID: PMC10144373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticides play a critical role in controlling the spread of insect-borne diseases and preserving crop health. These chemical substances are specifically formulated to kill or manage insect populations. Over the years, various types of insecticides have been developed, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids, each with unique modes of action, physiological targets, and efficacy. Despite the advantages that insecticides offer, it is imperative to recognize the potential consequences on non-target species, the environment, and human health. It is therefore crucial to follow recommended label instructions and employ integrated pest management practices for the judicious use of insecticides. This review article provides an in-depth examination of the various types of insecticides, including their modes of action, physiological targets, environmental and human health impacts, and alternatives. The aim is to furnish a comprehensive overview of insecticides and to emphasize the significance of responsible and sustainable utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Araújo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM-Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M S Castanheira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F Sousa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM-Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Ang S, Cao N, Zheng W, Zhang Z, Li J, Yan Z, Su K, Wong WL, Zhang K, Hong WD, Wu P. Novel Sophoridine Derivatives as Potential Larvicidal Agents against Aedes albopictus: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, and Morphological Study. INSECTS 2023; 14:399. [PMID: 37103214 PMCID: PMC10140878 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel sophoridine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-mosquito activity. SOP-2g, SOP-2q, and SOP-2r exhibited potential larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus larva with LC50 values of 330.98, 430.53, and 411.09 ppm, respectively. Analysis of structure-activity relationships indicated that the oxime ester group was beneficial for improving the larvicidal biological activity, whereas the long-chain aliphatic group and fused-ring group were introduced. Furthermore, the larvicidal mechanism was also investigated based on the inhibition assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the morphological observation of dead larva treated with derivatives. Results indicated that the AChE inhibitory activity of the preferred three derivatives were 63.16%, 46.67%, and 35.11%, respectively, at 250 ppm concentration. Additionally, morphological evidence demonstrated that SOP-2q and SOP-2r induced changes in the larva's intestinal cavity, caudal gill, and tail, thereby displaying larvicidal action against Ae. albopictus together with AChE inhibition. Therefore, this study implied that sophoridine and its novel derivatives could be used to control the population of mosquito larva, which may also be effective alkaloids to reduce the mosquito population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Nana Cao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhenping Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Kaize Su
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
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Bacillus thuringiensis Cyt Proteins as Enablers of Activity of Cry and Tpp Toxins against Aedes albopictus. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030211. [PMID: 36977103 PMCID: PMC10054650 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is a species of mosquito, originally from Southeast Asia, that belongs to the Culicidae family and the Dipteran insect order. The distribution of this vector has rapidly changed over the past decade, making most of the temperate territories in the world vulnerable to important human vector-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, zika or chikungunya. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis (Bti)-based insecticides represent a realistic alternative to the most common synthetic insecticides for the control of mosquito larvae. However, several studies have revealed emerging resistances to the major Bti Crystal proteins such as Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba and Cry11Aa, making the finding of new toxins necessary to diminish the exposure to the same toxicity factors overtime. Here, we characterized the individual activity of Cyt1Aa, Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba and Cry11Aa against A. albopictus and found a new protein, Cyt1A-like, that increases the activity of Cry11Aa more than 20-fold. Additionally, we demonstrated that Cyt1A-like facilitates the activity three new Bti toxins: Cry53-like, Cry56A-like and Tpp36-like. All in all, these results provide alternatives to the currently available Bti products for the control of mosquito populations and position Cyt proteins as enablers of activity for otherwise non-active crystal proteins.
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Ghavami MB, Panahi S, Nabati SM, Ghanbari M, Taghiloo B. A comprehensive survey of permethrin resistance in human head louse populations from northwest Iran: ex vivo and molecular monitoring of knockdown resistance alleles. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:57. [PMID: 36747269 PMCID: PMC9903499 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head louse infestation is an important public health problem, and expanding resistance to permethrin is a major challenge to its control. The mapping and detection of pyrethroid resistance are essential to the development of appropriate treatments and ensure the effectiveness of current measures. The aim of this study was to present the phenotypic and genotypic basis of permethrin resistance and identify knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in head louse populations in northwestern Iran. METHODS Adult head lice were collected from 1059 infested girls in Ardebil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Zanjan Provinces, northwestern Iran. The toxicity of permethrin and the possible synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on this toxicity were assessed using bioassays. Fragments of voltage-sensitive sodium channels (vssc) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes were amplified and analyzed for the detection of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and mitochondrial groups. Moreover, genotypes of the two hot spot regions of the vssc gene were determined by melting curve analysis of amplicons. RESULTS A total of 1450 adult head lice were collected during 2016-2021. Live lice were exposed to a dose of 1% permethrin for 12 h, and the median lethal time (LT50) and time to achieve 90% mortality (LT90) were determined to be 6 and 14.8 h, respectively. Topical application of 2 and 16 ng permethrin per louse resulted in 25% and 42.11% mortality, respectively. Pre-exposure of samples to 3% piperonyl butoxide had no synergistic effect on the effects of permethrin. Analysis of the 774-bp vssc gene fragment showed the presence of the M815I, T917I and L920F mutations, wild-type and T917I mutation, in 91.6%, 4.2% and 4.2% of samples, respectively. Investigation of the mitochondrial cytb gene demonstrated the predominance of clade B. The frequency of domain II segment 4 (S4)-S5 kdr genotypes in mitochondrial groups was identical, and heterozygotes were present in 93.5% of samples. A significant difference was detected in the frequency of domain IIS1-S3 kdr genotypes, and the frequency of resistant alleles and heterozygotes was higher in clade B than in clade A. CONCLUSIONS The presence of kdr mutations in the vssc gene and the non-synergist effect of PBO indicate that pyrethroid target site insensitivity is the main resistance mechanism. This phenomenon and the high frequency of resistant alleles necessitate that new pediculosis management programs be developed. Further studies need to be conducted to identify all factors contributing this resistance and to develop alternative pediculicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Ghavami
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Panahi
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyede Maede Nabati
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbari
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Taghiloo
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Suh PF, Elanga-Ndille E, Tchouakui M, Sandeu MM, Tagne D, Wondji C, Ndo C. Impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector competence: a literature review. Malar J 2023; 22:19. [PMID: 36650503 PMCID: PMC9847052 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first report in Anopheles mosquitoes in 1950s, insecticide resistance has spread very fast to most sub-Saharan African malaria-endemic countries, where it is predicted to seriously jeopardize the success of vector control efforts, leading to rebound of disease cases. Supported mainly by four mechanisms (metabolic resistance, target site resistance, cuticular resistance, and behavioural resistance), this phenomenon is associated with intrinsic changes in the resistant insect vectors that could influence development of invading Plasmodium parasites. A literature review was undertaken using Pubmed database to collect articles evaluating directly or indiretly the impact of insecticide resistance and the associated mechanisms on key determinants of malaria vector competence including sialome composition, anti-Plasmodium immunity, intestinal commensal microbiota, and mosquito longevity. Globally, the evidence gathered is contradictory even though the insecticide resistant vectors seem to be more permissive to Plasmodium infections. The actual body of knowledge on key factors to vectorial competence, such as the immunity and microbiota communities of the insecticide resistant vector is still very insufficient to definitively infer on the epidemiological importance of these vectors against the susceptible counterparts. More studies are needed to fill important knowledge gaps that could help predicting malaria epidemiology in a context where the selection and spread of insecticide resistant vectors is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fongho Suh
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 837, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Magellan Tchouakui
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Marcel Sandeu
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Darus Tagne
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Charles Wondji
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Cyrille Ndo
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
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Collins EL, Phelan JE, Hubner M, Spadar A, Campos M, Ward D, Acford-Palmer H, Gomes AR, Silva K, Ferrero Gomez L, Clark TG, Campino S. A next generation targeted amplicon sequencing method to screen for insecticide resistance mutations in Aedes aegypti populations reveals a rdl mutation in mosquitoes from Cabo Verde. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010935. [PMID: 36512510 PMCID: PMC9746995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes mosquito vectors transmit many viruses of global health concern, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. These vector-borne viral diseases have a limited number of treatment options, and vaccines vary in their effectiveness. Consequently, integrated vector management is a primary strategy for disease control. However, the increasing emergence and spread of insecticide resistance is threatening the efficacy of vector control methods. Identifying mutations associated with resistance in vector populations is important to monitor the occurrence and evolution of insecticide resistance and inform control strategies. Rapid and cost-effective genome sequencing approaches are urgently needed. Here we present an adaptable targeted amplicon approach for cost-effective implementation within next generation sequencing platforms. This approach can identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions and deletions (indels) in genes involved in insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We designed and tested eleven amplicons, which included segments of the ace-1 (carbamate target), the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (vgsc; pyrethroids, DDT and organochlorines), and rdl (dieldrin) genes; thereby covering established knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations (e.g., S989P, I1011M/V, V1016G/I and F1534C), with the potential to identify novel ones. The amplicon assays were designed with internal barcodes, to facilitate multiplexing of large numbers of mosquitoes at low cost, and were sequenced using an Illumina platform. Our approach was evaluated on 152 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected in Cabo Verde, an archipelago with a history of arbovirus outbreaks. The amplicon sequence data revealed 146 SNPs, including four non-synonymous polymorphisms in the vgsc gene, one in ace-1 and the 296S rdl mutation previously associated with resistance to organochlorines. The 296S rdl mutation was identified in 98% of mosquitoes screened, consistent with the past use of an organochlorine compound (e.g., DDT). Overall, our work shows that targeted amplicon sequencing is a rapid, robust, and cost-effective tool that can be used to perform high throughput monitoring of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Collins
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jody E. Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Hubner
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Spadar
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Campos
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ward
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Acford-Palmer
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Rita Gomes
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Keily Silva
- Universidade Jean Piaget (UniPiaget), Praia, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Taane G. Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Macdonald SJ, Long AD. Discovery of malathion resistance QTL in Drosophila melanogaster using a bulked phenotyping approach. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac279. [PMID: 36250804 PMCID: PMC9713458 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has proved an effective system with which to understand the evolutionary genetics and molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Insecticide use has left signatures of selection in the fly genome, and both functional and quantitative genetic studies in the system have identified genes and variants associated with resistance. Here, we use D. melanogaster and leverage a bulk phenotyping and pooled sequencing "extreme quantitative trait loci" approach to genetically dissect variation in resistance to malathion, an organophosphate insecticide. We resolve 2 quantitative trait loci, one of which implicates allelic variation at the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6g1, a strong candidate based on previous work. The second shows no overlap with hits from a previous genome-wide association study for malathion resistance, recapitulating other studies showing that different strategies for complex trait dissection in flies can yield apparently different architectures. Notably, we see no genetic signal at the Ace gene. Ace encodes the target of organophosphate insecticide inhibition, and genome-wide association studies have identified strong Ace-linked associations with resistance in flies. The absence of quantitative trait locus implicating Ace here is most likely because our mapping population does not segregate for several of the known functional polymorphisms impacting resistance at Ace, perhaps because our population is derived from flies collected prior to the widespread use of organophosphate insecticides. Our fundamental approach can be an efficient, powerful strategy to dissect genetic variation in resistance traits. Nonetheless, studies seeking to interrogate contemporary insecticide resistance variation may benefit from deriving mapping populations from more recently collected strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66046, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Anthony D Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Alcala CS, Lichtveld MY, Wickliffe JK, Zijlmans W, Shankar A, Rokicki E, Covert H, Abdoel Wahid FZ, Hindori-Mohangoo AD, van Sauers-Muller A, van Dijk C, Roosblad J, Codrington J, Wilson MJ. Characterization of Urinary Pesticide Metabolite Concentrations of Pregnant Women in Suriname. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110679. [PMID: 36355970 PMCID: PMC9695383 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to pesticides and the association with adverse health outcomes have been examined in several studies. However, the characterization of pesticide exposure among Surinamese women during pregnancy has not been assessed. As part of the Caribbean Consortium of Research in Environmental and Occupational Health research program, 214 urine samples were collected from pregnant women living in three regions in Suriname with different agricultural practices: capital Paramaribo, the rice producing district Nickerie, and the tropical rainforest, the Interior. We used isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry to quantify urinary concentrations of biomarkers of three pesticide classes, including phenoxy acid herbicides and organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, all of which are commonly used in agricultural and residential settings in Suriname. We observed that participants residing in Nickerie had the highest urinary metabolite concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and pyrethroids compared to those from Paramaribo or the Interior. Paramaribo had the highest concentrations of organophosphate metabolites, specifically dialkyl phosphate metabolites. Para-nitrophenol was detected in samples from Paramaribo and the Interior. Samples from Nickerie had higher median urinary pesticide concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1.06 μg/L), and the following metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (1.26 μg/L), 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (0.60 μg/L), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (1.34 μg/L), possibly due to residential use and heavy rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S. Alcala
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maureen Y. Lichtveld
- Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Wickliffe
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Wilco Zijlmans
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Arti Shankar
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ellen Rokicki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hannah Covert
- Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Firoz Z. Abdoel Wahid
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Ashna D. Hindori-Mohangoo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Foundation for Perinatal Interventions and Research in Suriname (Perisur), Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Alies van Sauers-Muller
- Pesticide Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Carmen van Dijk
- Pesticide Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jimmy Roosblad
- Clinical Chemical Laboratory, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - John Codrington
- Clinical Chemical Laboratory, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Mark J. Wilson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Arich S, Haba Y, Assaid N, Fritz ML, McBride CS, Weill M, Taki H, Sarih M, Labbé P. No association between habitat, autogeny and genetics in Moroccan Culex pipiens populations. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:405. [PMID: 36329500 PMCID: PMC9635193 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex are found across the globe and are the focus of many research studies. Among the temperate species C. pipiens sensu stricto (s.s.), two forms are usually described: molestus and pipiens. These two forms are indistinguishable in terms of morphology but show behavioral and physiological differences that may have consequences for their associated epidemiology. The two forms are well defined in the northern part of the species distribution, where autogeny is strictly associated with the molestus form. However, whether the two remain distinct and show the characteristic differences in behavior is less clear in North Africa, at the southern edge of their range. Methods The association between autogeny, as determined by ovarian dissection, and molecular forms, based on the CQ11 microsatellite marker, was studied in six Moroccan populations of C. pipiens. Results An overall low prevalence of autogeny was found at three of the Moroccan regions studied, although it reached 17.5% in the Agadir population. The prevalence of form-specific CQ11 alleles was quite similar across all populations, with the molestus allele being rarer (approx. 15%), except in the Agadir population where it reached 43.3%. We found significant deficits in heterozygotes at the diagnostic CQ11 locus in three populations, but the three other populations showed no significant departure from panmixia, which is in line with the results of a retrospective analysis of the published data. More importantly, we found no association between the autogeny status and CQ11 genotypes, despite the many females analyzed. Conclusions There was limited evidence for two discrete forms in Morocco, where individuals carrying pipiens and molestus alleles breed and mate in the same sites and are equally likely to be capable of autogeny. These observations are discussed in the epidemiological context of Morocco, where C. pipiens is the main vector of several arboviruses. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05469-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Arich
- Institut Des Sciences de L'Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.,Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, URAC34, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratoire Des Maladies Vectorielles (LMV), Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Yuki Haba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Najlaa Assaid
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Vectorielles (LMV), Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Megan L Fritz
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn S McBride
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mylène Weill
- Institut Des Sciences de L'Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Hassan Taki
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, URAC34, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Vectorielles (LMV), Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- Institut Des Sciences de L'Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Cedex 05, Paris, France.
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Campos KB, Alomar AA, Eastmond BH, Obara MT, Alto BW. Brazilian Populations of Aedes aegypti Resistant to Pyriproxyfen Exhibit Lower Susceptibility to Infection with Zika Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102198. [PMID: 36298753 PMCID: PMC9606930 DOI: 10.3390/v14102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused devastating consequences in Brazil as infections were associated with neurological complications in neonates. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of ZIKV, and the evolution of insecticide resistance (IR) in this species can compromise control efforts. Although relative levels of phenotypic IR in mosquitoes can change considerably over time, its influence on vector competence for arboviruses is unclear. Pyriproxyfen (PPF)-resistant populations of Ae. aegypti were collected from five municipalities located in Northeast of Brazil, which demonstrated different resistance levels; low (Serrinha, Brumado), moderate (Juazeiro do Norte, Itabuna), and high (Quixadá). Experimental per os infection using ZIKV were performed with individuals from these populations and with an insecticide susceptible strain (Rockefeller) to determine their relative vector competence for ZIKV. Although all populations were competent to transmit ZIKV, mosquitoes derived from populations with moderate to high levels of IR exhibited similar or lower susceptibility to ZIKV infection than those from populations with low IR or the susceptible strain. These observations suggest an association between IR and arbovirus infection, which may be attributable to genetic hitchhiking. The use of PPF to control Brazilian Ae. aegypti may be associated with an indirect benefit of reduced susceptibility to infection, but no changes in disseminated infection and transmission of ZIKV among PPF-resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauara Brito Campos
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Aboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Edifício PO 700, SRTV 702, Via W 5 Norte, Brasília 70723-040, Brazil
| | - Abdullah A. Alomar
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Bradley H. Eastmond
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Marcos Takashi Obara
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
- Correspondence:
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Oke CE, Ingham VA, Walling CA, Reece SE. Vector control: agents of selection on malaria parasites? Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:890-903. [PMID: 35981937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Insect vectors are responsible for spreading many infectious diseases, yet interactions between pathogens/parasites and insect vectors remain poorly understood. Filling this knowledge gap matters because vectors are evolving in response to the deployment of vector control tools (VCTs). Yet, whilst the evolutionary responses of vectors to VCTs are being carefully monitored, the knock-on consequences for parasite evolution have been overlooked. By examining how mosquito responses to VCTs impact upon malaria parasite ecology, we derive a framework for predicting parasite responses. Understanding how VCTs affect the selection pressures imposed on parasites could help to mitigate against parasite evolution that leads to unfavourable epidemiological outcomes. Furthermore, anticipating parasite evolution will inform monitoring strategies for VCT programmes as well as uncovering novel VCT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Oke
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
| | - Victoria A Ingham
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Craig A Walling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Sarah E Reece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
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Aardema ML, Campana MG, Wagner NE, Ferreira FC, Fonseca DM. A gene-based capture assay for surveying patterns of genetic diversity and insecticide resistance in a worldwide group of invasive mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010689. [PMID: 35939523 PMCID: PMC9387926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding patterns of diversification, genetic exchange, and pesticide resistance in arthropod disease vectors is necessary for effective population management. With the availability of next-generation sequencing technologies, one of the best approaches for surveying such patterns involves the simultaneous genotyping of many samples for a large number of genetic markers. To this end, the targeting of gene sequences of known function can be a cost-effective strategy. One insect group of substantial health concern are the mosquito taxa that make up the Culex pipiens complex. Members of this complex transmit damaging arboviruses and filariae worms to humans, as well as other pathogens such as avian malaria parasites that are detrimental to birds. Here we describe the development of a targeted, gene-based assay for surveying genetic diversity and population structure in this mosquito complex. To test the utility of this assay, we sequenced samples from several members of the complex, as well as from distinct populations of the relatively under-studied Culex quinquefasciatus. The data generated was then used to examine taxonomic divergence and population clustering between and within these mosquitoes. We also used this data to investigate genetic variants present in our samples that had previously been shown to correlate with insecticide-resistance. Broadly, our gene capture approach successfully enriched the genomic regions of interest, and proved effective for facilitating examinations of taxonomic divergence and geographic clustering within the Cx. pipiens complex. It also allowed us to successfully survey genetic variation associated with insecticide resistance in Culex mosquitoes. This enrichment protocol will be useful for future studies that aim to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the evolution of these ubiquitous and increasingly damaging disease vectors. The mosquito taxa that make up the Culex pipiens complex are important vectors of the agents of several human diseases such as West Nile and St. Louis encephalitides, and lymphatic filariasis. They are also important vectors of avian malaria, which impacts livestock and wildlife. The development of effective strategies for the control of these mosquitoes requires knowledge of their origins, distribution, dispersal patterns, and the extent to which discreet taxonomic entities within the complex interbreed. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to compare patterns of genetic diversity across many mosquito samples, which can be cost-prohibitive. To address this limitation, we developed a targeted, gene-based assay that allowed us to cost-effectively genotype a large number of genetic variants from a representative global sampling of individual Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes. We show that this assay is a powerful tool for examining genetic structure and hybridization among populations. We also explore its utility for surveying alleles previously shown to be associated with insecticide resistance. Future use of this enrichment assay and the bioinformatics methods described here will allow researchers to study evolutionary patterns across the Cx. pipiens complex as well as monitor the presence of genetic variation that could affect control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Aardema
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLA); (DMF)
| | - Michael G. Campana
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nicole E. Wagner
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Francisco C. Ferreira
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dina M. Fonseca
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLA); (DMF)
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Ngongang-Yipmo ES, Tchouakui M, Menze BD, Mugenzi LMJ, Njiokou F, Wondji CS. Reduced performance of community bednets against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae, major malaria vectors in Cameroon. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:230. [PMID: 35754045 PMCID: PMC9233849 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a vital tool in the fight against malaria vectors. However, their efficacy in the field can be impacted by several factors, including patterns of usage, net age, mosquito resistance and the delayed mortality effect, all of which could influence malaria transmission. We have investigated the effectiveness of the various brands of LLINs available in markets and households in Cameroon on pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes and assessed their post-exposure effect. METHODS Following quality control assessment on a susceptible laboratory mosquito strain, we evaluated the immediate and delayed mortality effects of exposure to LLINs (both newly bough LLINst and used ones collected from households in Elende village, Cameroon, in 2019) using standard WHO cone tests on Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus populations collected from the Centre region of Cameroon. Alive female mosquitoes were genotyped for various resistance markers at different time points post-exposure to evaluate the impact of insecticide resistance on the efficacy of bednets. RESULTS The laboratory-susceptible strain experienced high mortality rates when exposed to all pyrethroid-only brands of purchased nets (Olyset® Net, Super Net, PermaNet® 2.0, Yorkool®, Royal Sentry®) (Mean±SEM: 68.66 ± 8.35% to 93.33 ± 2.90%). However, low mortality was observed among wild An. funestus mosquitoes exposed to the bednets (0 ± 0 to 28 ± 6.7%), indicating a reduced performance of these nets against field mosquitoes. Bednets collected from households also showed reduced efficacy on the laboratory strain (mortality: 19-66%), as well as displaying a significant loss of efficacy against the local wild strains (mortality: 0 ± 0% to 4 ± 2.6% for An. gambiae sensu lato and 0 ± 0% to 8 ± 3.2% for An. funestus). However, compared to the unexposed group, mosquitoes exposed to bednets showed a significantly reduced longevity, indicating that the efficacy of these nets was not completely lost. Mosquitoes with the CYP6P9a-RR and L119F-GSTe2 mutations conferring pyrethroid resistance showed greater longevity after exposure to the Olyset net than their susceptible counterparts, indicating the impact of resistance on bednet efficacy and delayed mortality. CONCLUSION These findings show that although standard bednets drastically lose their efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant field mosquitoes, they still are able to induce delayed mortality in exposed populations. The results of this study also provide evidence of the actual impact of resistance on the quality and efficacy of LLINs in use in the community, with mosquitoes carrying the CYP6P9a-RR and L119F-GSTe2 mutations conferring pyrethroid resistance living longer than their susceptible counterparts. These results highlight the need to use new-generation nets that do not rely solely on pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie S. Ngongang-Yipmo
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13501, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Magellan Tchouakui
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13501, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Benjamin D. Menze
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13501, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L35QA UK
| | - Leon M. J. Mugenzi
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13501, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13501, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13501, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L35QA UK
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Hearn J, Riveron JM, Irving H, Weedall GD, Wondji CS. Gene Conversion Explains Elevated Diversity in the Immunity Modulating APL1 Gene of the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1102. [PMID: 35741864 PMCID: PMC9222773 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat proteins and antimicrobial peptides are the key components of the innate immune response to Plasmodium and other microbial pathogens in Anopheles mosquitoes. The APL1 gene of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus has exceptional levels of non-synonymous polymorphism across the range of An. funestus, with an average πn of 0.027 versus a genome-wide average of 0.002, and πn is consistently high in populations across Africa. Elevated APL1 diversity was consistent between the independent pooled-template and target-enrichment datasets, however no link between APL1 diversity and insecticide resistance was observed. Although lacking the diversity of APL1, two further mosquito innate-immunity genes of the gambicin anti-microbial peptide family had πn/πs ratios greater than one, possibly driven by either positive or balancing selection. The cecropin antimicrobial peptides were expressed much more highly than other anti-microbial peptide genes, a result discordant with current models of anti-microbial peptide activity. The observed APL1 diversity likely results from gene conversion between paralogues, as evidenced by shared polymorphisms, overlapping read mappings, and recombination events among paralogues. In conclusion, we hypothesize that higher gene expression of APL1 than its paralogues is correlated with a more open chromatin formation, which enhances gene conversion and elevated diversity at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hearn
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (J.M.R.); (H.I.); (C.S.W.)
| | - Jacob M. Riveron
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (J.M.R.); (H.I.); (C.S.W.)
- LSTM Research Unit, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
| | - Helen Irving
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (J.M.R.); (H.I.); (C.S.W.)
| | - Gareth D. Weedall
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (J.M.R.); (H.I.); (C.S.W.)
- LSTM Research Unit, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
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Batume C, Akol AM, Mukwaya LG, Birungi J, Kayondo JK. Life-history attributes of juvenile Anopheles gambiae s.s. in central Uganda; implications for malaria control interventions. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:212-222. [PMID: 35388913 PMCID: PMC9322574 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is among the leading causes of death in Uganda, and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) is the predominant vector. Although current vector control interventions have greatly reduced the malaria burden, the disease persists. New interventions are needed in order to eradicate them. Evaluation of new tools will require the availability of well-characterized test vector populations. Juvenile An. gambiae s.s. from Kibbuye and Kayonjo-derived populations were characterized under semi-field and laboratory conditions, given that various vector traits, including abundance and fitness are dependent on development profiles at this life stage. Ten replicates comprising 30 first instar larvae each were profiled for various life-history attributes (egg hatching, larval development time, larval survivorship, pupal weight and pupation rate). All parameters were similar for the two sites under laboratory conditions. However, the similarities or differences between field and laboratory development were parameter-specific. Whereas, larval survivorship and pupal weight were similar across seasons and laboratory in colonies from both sites, in the semi-field settings, pupation rate and larval survivorship differed between seasons in both sites. In addition, the average larval development time during the wet season was longer than that of the laboratory for both sites. Availability of mirror field sites is important for future tool evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Batume
- Department of EntomologyUganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)EntebbeUganda
| | - Anne M. Akol
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries SciencesCollege of Natural Sciences, Makerere University KampalaKampalaUganda
| | - Louis G. Mukwaya
- Department of EntomologyUganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)EntebbeUganda
| | - Josephine Birungi
- Department of EntomologyUganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)EntebbeUganda
- ILRI‐ BiosciencesInternational Livestock Research InstituteNairobiKenya
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Gonzalez-Santillan FJ, Contreras-Perera Y, Davila-Barboza JA, Juache-Villagrana AE, Gutierrez-Rodriguez SM, Ponce-Garcia G, Lopez-Monroy B, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Lenhart AE, Mackenzie-Impoinvil L, Flores AE. Fitness Cost of Sequential Selection with Deltamethrin in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:930-939. [PMID: 35389486 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Mexico, Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary dengue vector, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The continued use of synthetic pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance in target populations, which has diminished the effectiveness of vector control programs. Resistance has been associated with disadvantages that affect the biological parameters of resistant mosquitoes compared to susceptible ones. In the present study, the disadvantages were evaluated by parameters related to survival and reproduction ('fitness cost') after selection with deltamethrin for five generations. The parameters analyzed were the length of the development cycle, sex ratio, survival, longevity, fecundity, egg viability, preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods, and growth parameters. In the deltamethrin-selected strain, there was a decrease in the development cycle duration, the percentage of pupae, the oviposition period, and eggs viability. Although mean daily fecundity was not affected after the selection process, this, together with the decrease in the survival and fecundity levels by specific age, significantly affected the gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), and intrinsic growth rate (rm) of the group selected for five generations with deltamethrin compared to the group without selection. Identifying the 'cost' of resistance in biological fitness represents an advantage if it is desired to limit the spread of resistant populations since the fitness cost is the less likely that resistant individuals will spread in the population. This represents an important factor to consider in designing integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Gonzalez-Santillan
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | | | - Jesus A Davila-Barboza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Alan E Juache-Villagrana
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Selene M Gutierrez-Rodriguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Audrey E Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Disease and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Mackenzie-Impoinvil
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Disease and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
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Boné E, Aráoz B, González-Audino P, Sfara V. Feeding Behaviour of a Pyrethroid-Resistant Strain of the German Cockroach Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:221-229. [PMID: 34988946 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many authors report biological differences among insecticide-resistant pest species, mainly associated with parameters of life history, but only a few studies approach differences at the behavioural level. Feeding behaviour in Blattella germanica (L.) is modulated by the detection of chemical volatiles emitted from food sources in order to be located a long-median distance, and also by the physicochemical properties of food. This work aimed to study the differences in the feeding behaviour of a susceptible and a pyrethroid-resistant strain of B. germanica, in the location and exploitation of a food source. Resistant males showed a lower performance in the feeding behaviour compared to susceptible males. Particularly, the time taken to locate the source was significantly higher in the resistant individuals, suggesting a lower capacity in the detection of food odours. In addition, although the Intake rate was negatively related to the stiffness of food for both strains, resistant individuals showed a lower intake rate compared to susceptible ones, when exploiting a food source of the same stiffness. In a control context, the phenotypic characteristics associated to feeding of pyrethroid-resistant individuals could induce a behavioural resistance mechanism caused by a reduction in the amount of toxic gel bait ingested. If that is the case, resistance of this strain would not be associated to physiological changes affecting the toxicity of the active principle of gel baits, but to a lower efficacy of these products against resistant individuals due to less amount of gel consumed, generating control problems of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Boné
- Instituto de Investigación Y Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Beatriz Aráoz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes Y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), UNSAM, CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires, ECyT, Argentina
| | - Paola González-Audino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas Y Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Sfara
- Instituto de Investigación Y Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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40
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Gleave K, Mechan F, Reimer LJ. The effects of temephos, permethrin and malathion selection on the fitness and fecundity of Aedes aegypti. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:56-65. [PMID: 34751971 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent scale-up of insecticide use has led to the rapid spread of insecticide resistance (IR) in mosquito populations across the world. Previous work has suggested that IR mechanisms could influence mosquito life-history traits, leading to alterations in fitness and key physiological functions. This study investigates to what extent mosquito fitness may be affected in a colony of Aedes aegypti after selection with temephos, permethrin or malathion insecticides. We measured immature development, sex ratio, adult longevity, energetic reserves under different rearing conditions and time points, ingested bloodmeal volume, mosquito size, male and female reproductive fitness and flight capability in the unexposed offspring of the three selected strains and unselected strain. We found that insecticide selection does have an impact on mosquito fitness traits in both male and female mosquitoes, with our temephos-exposed strain showing the highest immature development rates, improved adult survival, larger females under crowded rearing and increased sperm number in males. In contrast, this strain showed the poorest reproductive success, demonstrating that insecticide selection leads to trade-offs in life-history traits, which have the potential to either enhance or limit disease transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gleave
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, U.K
| | - F Mechan
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, U.K
| | - L J Reimer
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, U.K
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41
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Standardised bioassays reveal that mosquitoes learn to avoid compounds used in chemical vector control after a single sub-lethal exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2206. [PMID: 35177630 PMCID: PMC8854624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are worldwide public health issues. Despite research focused on vectorial capacity determinants in pathogen transmitting mosquitoes, their behavioural plasticity remains poorly understood. Memory and associative learning have been linked to behavioural changes in several insect species, but their relevance in behavioural responses to pesticide vector control has been largely overlooked. In this study, female Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciastus were exposed to sub-lethal doses of 5 pesticide compounds using modified World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassays. Conditioned females, subsequently exposed to the same pesticides in WHO tunnel assays, exhibited behavioural avoidance by forgoing blood-feeding to ensure survival. Standardized resting site choice tests showed that pre-exposed females avoided the pesticides smell and choose to rest in a pesticide-free compartment. These results showed that, following a single exposure, mosquitoes can associate the olfactory stimulus of pesticides with their detrimental effects and subsequently avoid pesticide contact. Findings highlight the importance of mosquito cognition as determinants of pesticide resistance in mosquito populations targeted by chemical control.
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Fryzlewicz L, VanWinkle A, Lahondère C. Development of an Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait for the Control of Aedes j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:308-313. [PMID: 34487519 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both female and male mosquitoes consume sugar meals to obtain carbohydrates used for energy. This behavior has recently been identified as a possible mosquito control target, as the World Health Organization has urged for the development of integrated vector management. This is critical as many medically important mosquito species are developing insecticide resistance, resulting in current control strategies becoming less effective. Additionally, the traditional use of insecticides is detrimental to many beneficial insects such as pollinators. The main goal of this study was to develop an attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) to limit the populations of a local invasive mosquito, Aedes j. japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae). An ATSB is a lure bait composed of an attractant odorant, a toxic component, and sugar that the mosquitoes can feed on. ATSBs are cost-effective, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and can be species-specific. Mosquitoes were isolated into cages or cups and each group had access to either a toxic sugar solution (containing boric acid), a control solution or a choice between the two. We tested multiple fruits, including mango, peach, blueberries, and blackberries, as well as a soda and grape juice and monitored their survival for 96 h. We found that this species fed on all tested fruit solutions and that the groups that imbibed toxic solutions died within 48 h, indicating that boric acid is an effective oral toxin against Ae. j. japonicus. Further experiments will be conducted in the field to determine the ATSBs efficacy and to monitor potential effects on off-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fryzlewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ashlynn VanWinkle
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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43
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Medjigbodo AA, Djogbénou LS, Djihinto OY, Akoton RB, Abbey E, Kakossou RM, Sonounameto EG, Salavi EBJ, Djossou L, Badolo A. Putative pleiotropic effects of the knockdown resistance (L1014F) allele on the life-history traits of Anopheles gambiae. Malar J 2021; 20:480. [PMID: 34930272 PMCID: PMC8686585 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-04005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing mechanisms of insecticide resistance are known to help the survival of mosquitoes following contact with chemical compounds, even though they could negatively affect the life-history traits of resistant malaria vectors. In West Africa, the knockdown resistance mechanism kdrR (L1014F) is the most common. However, little knowledge is available on its effects on mosquito life-history traits. The fitness effects associated with this knockdown resistance allele in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) were investigated in an insecticide-free laboratory environment. Methods The life-history traits of Kisumu (susceptible) and KisKdr (kdr resistant) strains of An. gambiae s.s. were compared. Larval survivorship and pupation rate were assessed as well as fecundity and fertility of adult females. Female mosquitoes of both strains were directly blood fed through artificial membrane assays and then the blood-feeding success, blood volume and adult survivorship post-blood meal were assessed. Results The An. gambiae mosquitoes carrying the kdrR allele (KisKdr) laid a reduced number of eggs. The mean number of larvae in the susceptible strain Kisumu was three-fold overall higher than that seen in the KisKdr strain with a significant difference in hatching rates (81.89% in Kisumu vs 72.89% in KisKdr). The KisKdr larvae had a significant higher survivorship than that of Kisumu. The blood-feeding success was significantly higher in the resistant mosquitoes (84%) compared to the susceptible ones (34.75%). However, the mean blood volume was 1.36 µL/mg, 1.45 µL/mg and 1.68 µL/mg in Kisumu, homozygote and heterozygote KisKdr mosquitoes, respectively. After blood-feeding, the heterozygote KisKdr mosquitoes displayed highest survivorship when compared to that of Kisumu. Conclusions The presence of the knockdown resistance allele appears to impact the life-history traits, such as fecundity, fertility, larval survivorship, and blood-feeding behaviour in An. gambiae. These data could help to guide the implementation of more reliable strategies for the control of malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adandé A Medjigbodo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Luc S Djogbénou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. .,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin. .,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Oswald Y Djihinto
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Romaric B Akoton
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Emmanuella Abbey
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Rosaria M Kakossou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Eric G Sonounameto
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Esther B J Salavi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Laurette Djossou
- Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Kefi M, Charamis J, Balabanidou V, Ioannidis P, Ranson H, Ingham VA, Vontas J. Transcriptomic analysis of resistance and short-term induction response to pyrethroids, in Anopheles coluzzii legs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:891. [PMID: 34903168 PMCID: PMC8667434 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying comprise the major control measures against Anopheles gambiae sl, the dominant vector in sub-Saharan Africa. The primary site of contact with insecticide is through the mosquitoes' legs, which represents the first barrier insecticides have to bypass to reach their neuronal targets. Proteomic changes and leg cuticle modifications have been associated with insecticide resistance that may reduce the rate of penetration of insecticides. Here, we performed a multiple transcriptomic analyses focusing on An. coluzzii legs. RESULTS Firstly, leg-specific enrichment analysis identified 359 genes including the pyrethroid-binder SAP2 and 2 other chemosensory proteins, along with 4 ABCG transporters previously shown to be leg enriched. Enrichment of gene families included those involved in detecting chemical stimuli, including gustatory and ionotropic receptors and genes implicated in hydrocarbon-synthesis. Subsequently, we compared transcript expression in the legs of a highly resistant strain (VK7-HR) to both a strain with very similar genetic background which has reverted to susceptibility after several generations without insecticide pressure (VK7-LR) and a lab susceptible population (NG). Two hundred thirty-two differentially expressed genes (73 up-regulated and 159 down-regulated) were identified in the resistant strain when compared to the two susceptible counterparts, indicating an over-expression of phase I detoxification enzymes and cuticular proteins, with decrease in hormone-related metabolic processes in legs from the insecticide resistant population. Finally, we analysed the short-term effect of pyrethroid exposure on An. coluzzii legs, comparing legs of 1 h-deltamethrin-exposed An. coluzzii (VK7-IN) to those of unexposed mosquitoes (VK7-HR) and identified 348 up-regulated genes including those encoding for GPCRs, ABC transporters, odorant-binding proteins and members of the divergent salivary gland protein family. CONCLUSIONS The data on An. coluzzii leg-specific transcriptome provides valuable insights into the first line of defense in pyrethroid resistant and short-term deltamethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Our results suggest that xenobiotic detoxification is likely occurring in legs, while the enrichment of sensory proteins, ABCG transporters and cuticular genes is also evident. Constitutive resistance is primarily associated with elevated levels of detoxification and cuticular genes, while short-term insecticide-induced tolerance is linked with overexpression of transporters, GPCRs and GPCR-related genes, sensory/binding and salivary gland proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kefi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - J Charamis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - V Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - P Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - H Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - V A Ingham
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
- Parasitology Unit, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece.
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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45
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Gregarines modulate insect responses to sublethal insecticide residues. Oecologia 2021; 198:255-265. [PMID: 34851452 PMCID: PMC8803800 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Throughout their lifetime, insects face multiple environmental challenges that influence their performance. Gregarines are prevalent endoparasites in most invertebrates that affect the fitness of their hosts, but are often overlooked in ecological studies. Next to such biotic factors, a current common challenge is anthropogenic pollution with pesticides, which causes a major threat to non-target organisms that are readily exposed to lethal or sublethal concentrations. In a laboratory study, we investigated whether the presence of gregarines modulates the food consumption and life history traits of a (non-target) leaf beetle species, Phaedon cochleariae, in response to sublethal insecticide exposure. We show that the larval food consumption of the herbivore was neither affected by gregarine infection nor sublethal insecticide exposure. Nevertheless, infection with gregarines led to a delayed development, while insecticide exposure resulted in a lower body mass of adult males and a reduced reproduction of females. Individuals exposed to both challenges suffered most, as they had the lowest survival probability. This indicates detrimental effects on the population dynamics of non-target insects infected with naturally occurring gregarines that face additional stress from agrochemical pollution. Moreover, we found that the infection load with gregarines was higher in individuals exposed to sublethal insecticide concentrations compared to unexposed individuals. To counteract the global decline of insects, the potential of natural parasite infections in modulating insect responses to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic environmental factors should be considered in ecological risk assessment.
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Staunton KM, Goi J, Townsend M, Ritchie SA, Crawford JE, Snoad N, Karl S, Burkot TR. Effect of BG-Lures on the Male Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Sound Trap Capture Rates. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2425-2431. [PMID: 34240181 PMCID: PMC8577766 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With global expansion of the two main vectors of dengue, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae), there is a need to further develop cost-effective and user-friendly surveillance tools to monitor the population dynamics of these species. The abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. Albopictus, and associated bycatch captured by Male Aedes Sound Traps (MASTs) and BG-Sentinel (BGS) traps that were unbaited or baited with BG-Lures were compared in Cairns, Australia and Madang, Papua New Guinea. Mean male Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus catch rates in MASTs did not significantly differ when deployed with BG-Lures. Similarly, males of both these species were not sampled at statistically different rates in BGS traps with or without BG-Lures. However, MASTs with BG-Lures caught significantly less male Ae. aegypti than BGS traps baited with BG-Lures in Cairns, and MASTs without BG-Lures caught significantly more male Ae. albopictus than BGS traps without BG-Lures in Madang. Additionally, BG-Lures significantly increased female Ae. aegypti catch rates in BGS traps in Cairns. Lastly, bycatch capture rates in BGS traps were not significantly influenced by the addition of the BG-Lures. While this study provides useful information regarding the surveillance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in these locations, further development and investigation is required to successfully integrate an olfactory lure into the MAST system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyran M Staunton
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
| | - Joelyn Goi
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, 511 Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Michael Townsend
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
| | | | - Nigel Snoad
- Debug, Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephan Karl
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, 511 Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Thomas R Burkot
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
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Microbiota and transcriptome changes of Culex pipiens pallens larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20241. [PMID: 34642414 PMCID: PMC8511237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Culex pipiens pallens is an important vector of lymphatic filariasis and epidemic encephalitis. Mosquito control is the main strategy used for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is an entomopathogenic bacterium widely used in mosquito control. In this study, we profiled the microbiota and transcriptional response of the larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens exposed to different concentrations of Bti. The results demonstrated that Bti induced a significant effect on both the microbiota and gene expression of Cx. pipiens pallens. Compared to the control group, the predominant bacteria changed from Actinobacteria to Firmicutes, and with increase in the concentration of Bti, the abundance of Actinobacteria was gradually reduced. Similar changes were also detected at the genus level, where Bacillus replaced Microbacterium, becoming the predominant genus in Bti-exposed groups. Furthermore, alpha diversity analysis indicated that Bti exposure changed the diversity of the microbota, possibly because the dysbiosis caused by the Bti infection inhibits some bacteria and provides opportunities to other opportunistic taxa. Pathway analysis revealed significant enhancement for processes associated with sphingolipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism between all Bti-exposed groups and control group. Additionally, genes associated with the Toll and Imd signaling pathway were found to be notably upregulated. Bti infection significantly changed the bacterial community of larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens.
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Adham D, Vatandoost H, Moradi–Asl E. A Comprehensive Database and Geographical Distribution Model of Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases in Ardabil Province, Borderline of Iran and Azerbaijan Republic 2001-2018. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2021; 15:287-299. [PMID: 36578994 PMCID: PMC9759448 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i3.9816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector borne diseases (VBDs) are the infectious diseases reported from all parts of the world and Iran. The main vectors of VBDs belong to the phylum of arthropod and insects. The aim of this study was providing the database of important VBDs and vectors and geographical distribution model in Ardabil, northwest of Iran. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 2001-2018. All the earlier published studies, reports and documentations related to vectors and vector-borne diseases searched systematically as well as the data of diseases was collected from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. ArcGIS 10.4.2 (http://www.esri.com/arcgis) were used to spatial analysis mapping, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index and high/low clustering. Results Totally 110076 cases of VBDs reported in Ardabil Province during the past 18 years including malaria, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), tick-borne relapsing fever (TRF), pediculosis, scorpionism, scabies and anthrax. These diseases were transmitted in Ardabil Province by eight arthropod families, 19 genera and 70 spices of arthropods. Most species belonged to Culicidae with 24 species followed by Psycodidae with 22 and Ixodidae with 16 species. The incidence rate of VBDs was 63/100000 in 2001 which decreased to 7/100000 in 2010 and then increased to 21 /100000 in 2018. Conclusion The distribution model of the VBDs was plotted based on the geographical and ecological of the vectors will help the authorities for decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Adham
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, National Institute for Environmental Research, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Dr Hassan Vatandoost, E–mail: , , Dr Eslam Moradi–Asl, E–mail:
| | - Eslam Moradi–Asl
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Arthropod Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran,Corresponding authors: Dr Hassan Vatandoost, E–mail: , , Dr Eslam Moradi–Asl, E–mail:
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Change in susceptibility response of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to organophosphate insecticide and Copaifera oleoresin. Acta Trop 2021; 221:106014. [PMID: 34146537 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The growth of resistance in vector mosquitoes to insecticides, especially the organophosphate Temephos can facilitate the transmission of various disease agents worldwide. Consequently, it arises a challenge to public health agencies, which is the urgency use of other possibilities as botanical insecticides. Such insecticides have specific properties against insects due to the plant's ability to synthesize products derived from its secondary metabolism. The diversity and complexity of active compounds of botanical insecticides can help reduce the selection of resistant individuals and consequently not change susceptibility. To corroborate this hypothesis, the aim of this study was to compare two populations of Aedes aegypti treated with Temephos and Copaifera oleoresin. Thus, Ae. aegypti larvae were exposed from (F1) up to tenth generation (F10) with sublethal doses (±LC25) of these products (Copaifera oleoresin: 40 mg/L and Temephos: 0.0030 mg/L). The triplicates and control groups were monitored every 48 hours and the surviving larvae were separated until the emergence of the adults. Each new population were then subjected to a series of concentrations (LC50 and LC95) of Temephos and Copaifera oleoresin to calculate the Resistance Ratio (RR) of each exposed generation. The population of Ae. aegypti exposed to Temephos had an increase in RR from 05 (considered low) to 13 (considered high). Those population exposed to Copaifera oleoresin, had no increasing in RR and continued susceptible to the oil in all generations. There was a significant difference in mortality between the generations exposed to the two products. The results presented here show that the change in the susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti population to Temephos was already expected. So, we believe that this work will be of great contribution to research related to mosquito control with plant products, and resistance to chemical insecticides.
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Jayaswal V, Ndo C, Ma HC, Clifton BD, Pombi M, Cabrera K, Couhet A, Mouline K, Diabaté A, Dabiré R, Ayala D, Ranz JM. Intraspecific Transcriptome Variation and Sex-Biased Expression in Anopheles arabiensis. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6357708. [PMID: 34432020 PMCID: PMC8449828 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and functional patterns of intraspecific transcriptional variation in the anophelines, including those of sex-biased genes underlying sex-specific traits relevant for malaria transmission, remain understudied. As a result, how changes in expression levels drive adaptation in these species is poorly understood. We sequenced the female, male, and larval transcriptomes of three populations of Anopheles arabiensis from Burkina Faso. One-third of the genes were differentially expressed between populations, often involving insecticide resistance-related genes in a sample type-specific manner, and with the females showing the largest number of differentially expressed genes. At the genomic level, the X chromosome appears depleted of differentially expressed genes compared with the autosomes, chromosomes harboring inversions do not exhibit evidence for enrichment of such genes, and genes that are top contributors to functional enrichment patterns of population differentiation tend to be clustered in the genome. Further, the magnitude of variation for the sex expression ratio across populations did not substantially differ between male- and female-biased genes, except for some populations in which male-limited expressed genes showed more variation than their female counterparts. In fact, female-biased genes exhibited a larger level of interpopulation variation than male-biased genes, both when assayed in males and females. Beyond uncovering the extensive adaptive potential of transcriptional variation in An. Arabiensis, our findings suggest that the evolutionary rate of changes in expression levels on the X chromosome exceeds that on the autosomes, while pointing to female-biased genes as the most variable component of the An. Arabiensis transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jayaswal
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Ndo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Hsiu-Ching Ma
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bryan D Clifton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin Cabrera
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anna Couhet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, IRD, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, IRD, France
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Diego Ayala
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, IRD, France
| | - José M Ranz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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