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Cao C, Fu G, Xu R, Li N. Coupling of Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors with Viral Susceptibility and Inflammation. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2028-2050. [PMID: 37962454 PMCID: PMC11346407 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by persistent cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological features of AD brain, though mechanisms leading to the formation of lesions remain to be understood. Genetic efforts through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of risk genes influencing the pathogenesis and progression of AD, some of which have been revealed in close association with increased viral susceptibilities and abnormal inflammatory responses in AD patients. In the present study, we try to present a list of AD candidate genes that have been shown to affect viral infection and inflammatory responses. Understanding of how AD susceptibility genes interact with the viral life cycle and potential inflammatory pathways would provide possible therapeutic targets for both AD and infectious diseases.
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2
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Cong Y, Cai G, Ding C, Zhang H, Chen J, Luo S, Liu J. Disulfidptosis-related signature elucidates the prognostic, immunologic, and therapeutic characteristics in ovarian cancer. Front Genet 2024; 15:1378907. [PMID: 38694875 PMCID: PMC11061395 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1378907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest malignancy in gynecology, but the mechanism of its initiation and progression is poorly elucidated. Disulfidptosis is a novel discovered type of regulatory cell death. This study aimed to develop a novel disulfidptosis-related prognostic signature (DRPS) for OC and explore the effects and potential treatment by disulfidptosis-related risk stratification. Methods The disulfidptosis-related genes were first analyzed in bulk RNA-Seq and a prognostic nomogram was developed and validated by LASSO algorithm and multivariate cox regression. Then we systematically assessed the clinicopathological and mutational characteristics, pathway enrichment analysis, immune cell infiltration, single-cell-level expression, and drug sensitivity according to DRPS. Results The DRPS was established with 6 genes (MYL6, PDLIM1, ACTN4, FLNB, SLC7A11, and CD2AP) and the corresponding prognostic nomogram was constructed based on the DRPS, FIGO stage, grade, and residual disease. Stratified by the risk score derived from DRPS, patients in high-risk group tended to have worse prognosis, lower level of disulfidptosis, activated oncogenic pathways, inhibitory tumor immune microenvironment, and higher sensitivity to specific drugs including epirubicin, stauroporine, navitoclax, and tamoxifen. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed the expression level of genes in the DRPS significantly varied in different cell types between tumor and normal tissues. The protein-level expression of genes in the DRPS was validated by the immunohistochemical staining analysis. Conclusion In this study, the DRPS and corresponding prognostic nomogram for OC were developed, which was important for OC prognostic assessment, tumor microenvironment modification, drug sensitivity prediction, and exploration of potential mechanisms in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Cong
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Cai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Ding
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Luo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder with multifaceted neuropathological features, including β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has implicated both beneficial and pathological roles for innate immune genes and immune cells, including peripheral immune cells such as T cells, which can infiltrate the brain and either ameliorate or exacerbate AD neuropathogenesis. These findings support a neuroimmune axis of AD, in which the interplay of adaptive and innate immune systems inside and outside the brain critically impacts the etiology and pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss the complexities of AD neuropathology at the levels of genetics and cellular physiology, highlighting immune signaling pathways and genes associated with AD risk and interactions among both innate and adaptive immune cells in the AD brain. We emphasize the role of peripheral immune cells in AD and the mechanisms by which immune cells, such as T cells and monocytes, influence AD neuropathology, including microglial clearance of amyloid-β peptide, the key component of β-amyloid plaque cores, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of microglia, astrogliosis, and their interactions with the brain vasculature. Finally, we review the challenges and outlook for establishing immune-based therapies for treating and preventing AD.
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4
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Wang Y, Wang X, Luu LDW, Li J, Cui X, Yao H, Chen S, Fu J, Wang L, Wang C, Yuan R, Cai Q, Huang X, Huang J, Li Z, Li S, Zhu X, Tai J. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals distinct immunological responses between COVID-19 vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5304-5324. [PMID: 35859327 PMCID: PMC9350186 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To control the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine, has been granted emergency use authorization by many countries. However, the underlying mechanisms of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune response remain unclear, and little is known about its features compared to (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we implemented single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile longitudinally collected PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in six individuals immunized with CoronaVac and compared these to the profiles of COVID-19 infected patients from a Single Cell Consortium. Both inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection altered the proportion of different immune cell types, caused B cell activation and differentiation, and induced the expression of genes associated with antibody production in the plasma. The inactivated vaccine and SARS-COV-2 infection also caused alterations in peripheral immune activity such as interferon response, inflammatory cytokine expression, innate immune cell apoptosis and migration, effector T cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity, however, the magnitude of change was greater in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, than in immunized individuals. Further analyses revealed a distinct peripheral immune cell phenotype associated with CoronaVac immunization (HLA class II upregulation and IL21R upregulation in naïve B cells) versus SARS-CoV-2 infection (HLA class II downregulation and IL21R downregulation in naïve B cells from severe disease individuals). There were also differences in the expression of important genes associated with proinflammatory cytokines and thrombosis. In conclusion, this study provides a single-cell atlas of the systemic immune response to CoronaVac immunization and revealed distinct immune responses between inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People's HospitalSanyaHainanP. R. China
| | | | - Jieqiong Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- Experimental Research Center, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingP. R. China
| | - Hailan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and ImmunologyCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shaojin Chen
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People's HospitalSanyaHainanP. R. China
| | - Jin Fu
- Experimental Research Center, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingP. R. China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People's HospitalSanyaHainanP. R. China
| | - Chongzhen Wang
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People's HospitalSanyaHainanP. R. China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People's HospitalSanyaHainanP. R. China
| | - Qingguo Cai
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People's HospitalSanyaHainanP. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- Experimental Research Center, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingP. R. China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuiyangP. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingP.R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuiyangP. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People's HospitalSanyaHainanP. R. China
| | - Jun Tai
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingP. R. China
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5
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Boyd RJ, Avramopoulos D, Jantzie LL, McCallion AS. Neuroinflammation represents a common theme amongst genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:223. [PMID: 36076238 PMCID: PMC9452283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial diseases are characterized by inter-individual variation in etiology, age of onset, and penetrance. These diseases tend to be relatively common and arise from the combined action of genetic and environmental factors; however, parsing the convoluted mechanisms underlying these gene-by-environment interactions presents a significant challenge to their study and management. For neurodegenerative disorders, resolving this challenge is imperative, given the enormous health and societal burdens they impose. The mechanisms by which genetic and environmental effects may act in concert to destabilize homeostasis and elevate risk has become a major research focus in the study of common disease. Emphasis is further being placed on determining the extent to which a unifying biological principle may account for the progressively diminishing capacity of a system to buffer disease phenotypes, as risk for disease increases. Data emerging from studies of common, neurodegenerative diseases are providing insights to pragmatically connect mechanisms of genetic and environmental risk that previously seemed disparate. In this review, we discuss evidence positing inflammation as a unifying biological principle of homeostatic destabilization affecting the risk, onset, and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we discuss how genetic variation associated with Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease may contribute to pro-inflammatory responses, how such underlying predisposition may be exacerbated by environmental insults, and how this common theme is being leveraged in the ongoing search for effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Boyd
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew S McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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6
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Contrastive learning enables rapid mapping to multimodal single-cell atlas of multimillion scale. NAT MACH INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Zhang YM, Chen QG, Chen C, Wang S, Li ZF, Hou ZF, Liu DD, Tao JP, Xu JJ. MicroRNA expression profile of chicken cecum in different stages during Histomonas meleagridis infection. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:222. [PMID: 35690747 PMCID: PMC9188098 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histomonas meleagridis is an anaerobic, intercellular parasite, which infects gallinaceous birds such as turkeys and chickens. In recent years, the reemergence of Histomoniasis has caused serious economic losses as drugs to treat the disease have been banned. At present, H. meleagridis research focuses on virulence, gene expression analysis, and the innate immunity of the host. However, there are no studies on the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) associated with the host inflammatory and immune responses induced by H. meleagridis. In this research, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the expression profile of cecum miRNA at 10 and 15 days post-infection (DPI) in chickens infected with Chinese JSYZ-F strain H. meleagridis. Results Compared with the controls, 94 and 127 DEMs were found in cecum of infected chickens at 10 DPI (CE vs CC) and 15 DPI (CEH vs CCH), respectively, of which 60 DEMs were shared at two-time points. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of the target genes of DEMs indicated that 881 and 1027 GO terms were significantly enriched at 10 and 15 DPI, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, www.kegg.jp/kegg/kegg1.html) pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes of DEMs demonstrated that 5 and 3 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched at 10 and 15 DPI, respectively. For previous uses, the Kanehisa laboratory have happily provided permission. The integrated analysis of miRNA–gene network revealed that the DEMs played important roles in the host inflammatory and immune responses to H. meleagridis infection by dynamically regulating expression levels of inflammation and immune-related cytokines. Conclusion This article not only suggested that host miRNA expression was dynamically altered by H. meleagridis and host but also revealed differences in the regulation of T cell involved in host responses to different times H. meleagridis infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03316-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Guang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Fan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Feng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Li Y, Laws SM, Miles LA, Wiley JS, Huang X, Masters CL, Gu BJ. Genomics of Alzheimer's disease implicates the innate and adaptive immune systems. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7397-7426. [PMID: 34708251 PMCID: PMC11073066 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterised by cognitive impairment, behavioural alteration, and functional decline. Over 130 AD-associated susceptibility loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), while whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) studies have identified AD-associated rare variants. These variants are enriched in APOE, TREM2, CR1, CD33, CLU, BIN1, CD2AP, PILRA, SCIMP, PICALM, SORL1, SPI1, RIN3, and more genes. Given that aging is the single largest risk factor for late-onset AD (LOAD), the accumulation of somatic mutations in the brain and blood of AD patients have also been explored. Collectively, these genetic findings implicate the role of innate and adaptive immunity in LOAD pathogenesis and suggest that a systemic failure of cell-mediated amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance contributes to AD onset and progression. AD-associated variants are particularly enriched in myeloid-specific regulatory regions, implying that AD risk variants are likely to perturbate the expression of myeloid-specific AD-associated genes to interfere Aβ clearance. Defective phagocytosis, endocytosis, and autophagy may drive Aβ accumulation, which may be related to naturally-occurring antibodies to Aβ (Nabs-Aβ) produced by adaptive responses. Passive immunisation is providing efficiency in clearing Aβ and slowing cognitive decline, such as aducanumab, donanemab, and lecanemab (ban2401). Causation of AD by impairment of the innate immunity and treatment using the tools of adaptive immunity is emerging as a new paradigm for AD, but immunotherapy that boosts the innate immune functions of myeloid cells is highly expected to modulate disease progression at asymptomatic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Luke A Miles
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James S Wiley
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Xin Huang
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Gu
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Chronic LCMV Infection Is Fortified with Versatile Tactics to Suppress Host T Cell Immunity and Establish Viral Persistence. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101951. [PMID: 34696381 PMCID: PMC8537583 DOI: 10.3390/v13101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the immune regulatory strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), such as Clone 13, were isolated, LCMV infection of mice has served as a valuable model for the mechanistic study of viral immune suppression and virus persistence. The exhaustion of virus-specific T cells was demonstrated during LCMV infection, and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated using LCMV infection in mouse models. In particular, the mechanism for gradual CD8+ T cell exhaustion at molecular and transcriptional levels has been investigated. These studies revealed crucial roles for inhibitory receptors, surface markers, regulatory cytokines, and transcription factors, including PD-1, PSGL-1, CXCR5, and TOX in the regulation of T cells. However, the action mode for CD4+ T cell suppression is largely unknown. Recently, sphingosine kinase 2 was proven to specifically repress CD4+ T cell proliferation and lead to LCMV persistence. As CD4+ T cell regulation was also known to be important for viral persistence, research to uncover the mechanism for CD4+ T cell repression could help us better understand how viruses launch and prolong their persistence. This review summarizes discoveries derived from the study of LCMV in regard to the mechanisms for T cell suppression and approaches for the termination of viral persistence with special emphasis on CD8+ T cells.
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10
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Zhang X, Zhou T, Chen B, Bai H, Bai Y, Zhao J, Pu F, Wu Y, Chen L, Shi Y, Ke Q, Zheng W, Chen J, Xu P. Identification and Expression Analysis of Long Non-coding RNA in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) in Response to Cryptocaryon irritans Infection. Front Genet 2020; 11:590475. [PMID: 33281881 PMCID: PMC7689269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.590475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale transcription studies have revealed numerous lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs). lncRNAs have been proposed to participate in the regulation of a diverse range of biological processes, including transcriptional regulation. Although lncRNAs have attracted increasing attention, the studies in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) are still rare, and they lack systematic analysis. In this study, 101 RNA-seq datasets varied in ages, sexes, and tissues were retrieved from the NCBI database to generate a comprehensive catalog of large yellow croaker transcriptome database. A set of 14,599 high-confidence lncRNAs from 13,673 loci were identified and characterized. Furthermore, RNA-seq datasets obtained from the infection of C. irritans were employed to investigate the differential expression pattern of lncRNAs and analyze potential biological functions. A total of 77 differentially expressed lncRNAs targeting to 567 protein-coding genes were identified by using expression analysis. Several immune genes, including TLR5, CD2AP, and MMP9, were highlighted. With GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, the immune-related terms or pathways were enriched. This study created a comprehensive dataset of lncRNAs for large yellow croaker, which would be helpful for the researches of functional roles of lncRNAs in large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Baohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaqiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yidi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration (USER), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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11
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Raju S, Verbaro DJ, Egawa T. PD-1 Signaling Promotes Control of Chronic Viral Infection by Restricting Type-I-Interferon-Mediated Tissue Damage. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2556-2564.e3. [PMID: 31775026 PMCID: PMC6894421 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are essential for pathogen elimination but also cause tissue damage, leading to disease or death. However, it is unclear how the host immune system balances control of infection and protection from the collateral tissue damage. Here, we show that PD-1-mediated restriction of immune responses is essential for durable control of chronic LCMV infection in mice. In contrast to responses in the chronic phase, PD-1 blockade in the subacute phase of infection paradoxically results in viral persistence. This effect is associated with damage to lymphoid architecture and subsequently decreases adaptive immune responses. Moreover, this tissue damage is type I interferon dependent, as sequential blockade of the interferon receptor and PD-1 pathways prevents immunopathology and enhances control of infection. We conclude that PD-1-mediated suppression is required as an immunoregulatory mechanism for sustained responses to chronic viral infection by antagonizing type-I interferon-dependent immunopathology. Using stage-specific PD-1 blockade in LCMV-infected mice, Raju et al. uncover the requirement for PD-1-mediated suppression of CD8 T cells for durable immune response to chronic viral infection, as well as the requirement for IFNAR signaling in programming of CD8 T cells toward effectors that cause immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel J Verbaro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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12
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Zhu L, Yang P, Zhao Y, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Song R, Zhang J, Liu C, Gao Q, Xu Q, Wei X, Sun HX, Ye B, Wu Y, Zhang N, Lei G, Yu L, Yan J, Diao G, Meng F, Bai C, Mao P, Yu Y, Wang M, Yuan Y, Deng Q, Li Z, Huang Y, Hu G, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu Z, Liu P, Bi Y, Shi Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Wang J, Xu X, Wu G, Wang FS, Gao GF, Liu L, Liu WJ. Single-Cell Sequencing of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Reveals Distinct Immune Response Landscapes of COVID-19 and Influenza Patients. Immunity 2020; 53:685-696.e3. [PMID: 32783921 PMCID: PMC7368915 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a current world-wide public health threat. However, little is known about its hallmarks compared to other infectious diseases. Here, we report the single-cell transcriptional landscape of longitudinally collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in both COVID-19- and influenza A virus (IAV)-infected patients. We observed increase of plasma cells in both COVID-19 and IAV patients and XIAP associated factor 1 (XAF1)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and FAS-induced T cell apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Further analyses revealed distinct signaling pathways activated in COVID-19 (STAT1 and IRF3) versus IAV (STAT3 and NFκB) patients and substantial differences in the expression of key factors. These factors include relatively increase of interleukin (IL)6R and IL6ST expression in COVID-19 patients but similarly increased IL-6 concentrations compared to IAV patients, supporting the clinical observations of increased proinflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients. Thus, we provide the landscape of PBMCs and unveil distinct immune response pathways in COVID-19 and IAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Rui Song
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Qumiao Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Beiwei Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Guanghao Diao
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Panyong Mao
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yeya Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shanxi, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohai Hu
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI-GenoImmune, BGI-Shenzhen, 4300794 Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China.
| | - William J Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
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13
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Olin JW, Di Narzo AF, d’Escamard V, Kadian-Dodov D, Cheng H, Georges A, King A, Thomas A, Barwari T, Michelis KC, Bouchareb R, Bander E, Anyanwu A, Stelzer P, Filsoufi F, Florman S, Civelek M, Debette S, Jeunemaitre X, Björkegren JLM, Mayr M, Bouatia-Naji N, Hao K, Kovacic JC. A plasma proteogenomic signature for fibromuscular dysplasia. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:63-77. [PMID: 31424497 PMCID: PMC6918065 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a poorly understood disease that predominantly affects women during middle-life, with features that include stenosis, aneurysm, and dissection of medium-large arteries. Recently, plasma proteomics has emerged as an important means to understand cardiovascular diseases. Our objectives were: (i) to characterize plasma proteins and determine if any exhibit differential abundance in FMD subjects vs. matched healthy controls and (ii) to leverage these protein data to conduct systems analyses to provide biologic insights on FMD, and explore if this could be developed into a blood-based FMD test. METHODS AND RESULTS Females with 'multifocal' FMD and matched healthy controls underwent clinical phenotyping, dermal biopsy, and blood draw. Using dual-capture proximity extension assay and nuclear magnetic resonance-spectroscopy, we evaluated plasma levels of 981 proteins and 31 lipid sub-classes, respectively. In a discovery cohort (Ncases = 90, Ncontrols = 100), we identified 105 proteins and 16 lipid sub-classes (predominantly triglycerides and fatty acids) with differential plasma abundance in FMD cases vs. controls. In an independent cohort (Ncases = 23, Ncontrols = 28), we successfully validated 37 plasma proteins and 10 lipid sub-classes with differential abundance. Among these, 5/37 proteins exhibited genetic control and Bayesian analyses identified 3 of these as potential upstream drivers of FMD. In a 3rd cohort (Ncases = 506, Ncontrols = 876) the genetic locus of one of these upstream disease drivers, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), was independently validated as being associated with risk of having FMD (odds ratios = 1.36; P = 0.0003). Immune-fluorescence staining identified that CD2AP is expressed by the endothelium of medium-large arteries. Finally, machine learning trained on the discovery cohort was used to develop a test for FMD. When independently applied to the validation cohort, the test showed a c-statistic of 0.73 and sensitivity of 78.3%. CONCLUSION FMD exhibits a plasma proteogenomic and lipid signature that includes potential causative disease drivers, and which holds promise for developing a blood-based test for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Olin
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Antonio F Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina d’Escamard
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniella Kadian-Dodov
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrien Georges
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Annette King
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Allison Thomas
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Temo Barwari
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine C Michelis
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rihab Bouchareb
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emir Bander
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anelechi Anyanwu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Stelzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farzan Filsoufi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander Florman
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology and Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpital De Paris, Department of Genetics and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mayr
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Tao QQ, Chen YC, Wu ZY. The role of CD2AP in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:901-907. [PMID: 31440393 PMCID: PMC6675523 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by irreversible decline in cognition with unclear pathogenesis. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that CD2 associated protein (CD2AP), a scaffolding molecule regulates signal transduction and cytoskeletal molecules, is implicated in AD pathogenesis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD2AP gene are associated with higher risk for AD and mRNA levels of CD2AP are decreased in peripheral lymphocytes of sporadic AD patients. Furthermore, CD2AP loss of function is linked to enhanced Aβ production, Tau-induced neurotoxicity, abnormal neurite structure modulation and reduced blood-brain barrier integrity. This review is to summarize the recent discoveries about the genetics and known functions of CD2AP. The recent evidence concerning the roles of CD2AP in the AD pathogenesis is summarized and CD2AP can be a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Hope JL, Stairiker CJ, Bae EA, Otero DC, Bradley LM. Striking a Balance-Cellular and Molecular Drivers of Memory T Cell Development and Responses to Chronic Stimulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1595. [PMID: 31379821 PMCID: PMC6650570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective adaptive immune responses are characterized by stages of development and maturation of T and B cell populations that respond to disturbances in the host homeostasis in cases of both infections and cancer. For the T cell compartment, this begins with recognition of specific peptides by naïve, antigen-inexperienced T cells that results in their activation, proliferation, and differentiation, which generates an effector population that clears the antigen. Loss of stimulation eventually returns the host to a homeostatic state, with a heterogeneous memory T cell population that persists in the absence of antigen and is primed for rapid responses to a repeat antigen exposure. However, in chronic infections and cancers, continued antigen persistence impedes a successful adaptive immune response and the formation of a stereotypical memory population of T cells is compromised. With repeated antigen stimulation, responding T cells proceed down an altered path of differentiation that allows for antigen persistence, but much less is known regarding the heterogeneity of these cells and the extent to which they can become “memory-like,” with a capacity for self-renewal and recall responses that are characteristic of bona fide memory cells. This review focuses on the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the context of chronic antigen stimulation, highlighting the central observations in both human and mouse studies regarding the differentiation of memory or “memory-like” T cells. The importance of both the cellular and molecular drivers of memory T cell development are emphasized to better understand the consequences of persisting antigen on T cell fates. Integrating what is known and is common across model systems and patients can instruct future studies aimed at further understanding T cell differentiation and development, with the goal of developing novel methods to direct T cells toward the generation of effective memory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hope
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Stairiker
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dennis C Otero
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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16
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Huang Q, Hu J, Tang J, Xu L, Ye L. Molecular Basis of the Differentiation and Function of Virus Specific Follicular Helper CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30828337 PMCID: PMC6384271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection, virus-specific follicular helper T cells provide important help to cognate B cells for their survival, consecutive proliferation and mutation and eventual differentiation into memory B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells. Similar to Tfh cells generated in other conditions, the differentiation of virus-specific Tfh cells can also be characterized as a process involved multiple factors and stages, however, which also exhibits distinct features. Here, we mainly focus on the current understanding of Tfh fate commitment, functional maturation, lineage maintenance and memory transition and formation in the context of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Huang
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Kong MS, Hashimoto-Tane A, Kawashima Y, Sakuma M, Yokosuka T, Kometani K, Onishi R, Carpino N, Ohara O, Kurosaki T, Phua KK, Saito T. Inhibition of T cell activation and function by the adaptor protein CIN85. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/567/eaav4373. [PMID: 30723173 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation is initiated by signaling molecules downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) that are organized by adaptor proteins. CIN85 (Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa) is one such adaptor protein. Here, we showed that CIN85 limited T cell responses to TCR stimulation. Compared to activated wild-type (WT) T cells, those that lacked CIN85 produced more IL-2 and exhibited greater proliferation. After stimulation of WT T cells with their cognate antigen, CIN85 was recruited to the TCR signaling complex. Early TCR signaling events, such as phosphorylation of ζ-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (Zap70), Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP76), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), were enhanced in CIN85-deficient T cells. The inhibitory function of CIN85 required the SH3 and PR regions of the adaptor, which associated with the phosphatase suppressor of TCR signaling-2 (Sts-2) after TCR stimulation. Together, our data suggest that CIN85 is recruited to the TCR signaling complex and mediates inhibition of T cell activation through its association with Sts-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Suen Kong
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Akiko Hashimoto-Tane
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Machie Sakuma
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokosuka
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Reiko Onishi
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nick Carpino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, USA
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kia Kien Phua
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. .,Cell Signaling, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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