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Ford KJ, Burns RJ. The role of positive psychological wellbeing in walking speed differences among married and unmarried English older adults. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:684-691. [PMID: 37846896 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2268032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Walking speed has been identified as an important indicator of functional independence and survival among older adults, with marital status being related to walking speed differences. We explored explanatory factors, with a focus on positive psychological wellbeing, in walking speed differences between married and non-married individuals in later life. Methods: We used wave 8 (2016/17) cross-sectional data from adults aged 60-79 years who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 3,743). An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was used to compute walking speed differences between married and unmarried individuals, and the portion of those differences that could be explained by characteristic differences in those groups, particularly wellbeing. Results: Overall, married individuals had walking speeds that were 0.073 m/s (95% confidence interval: 0.055-0.092 m/s) faster than their unmarried counterparts. This was primarily driven by differences between the married and separated/divorced group, and the widowed group. Included covariates explained roughly 89% of the overall walking speed difference. Positive psychological wellbeing consistently explained a significant portion of walking speed differences, ranging between 7% to 18% across comparisons. Conclusion: Although wealth has been previously found to partially explain walking speed differences by marital status, we found that positive psychological wellbeing also demonstrated pertinence to these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel J Burns
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Ishikawa S, Konta T, Susa S, Ishizawa K, Makino N, Ueno Y, Okuyama N, Iino M. Associations between subjective well-being, number of teeth, and self-rated mastication in Japanese adults: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36354. [PMID: 38050319 PMCID: PMC10695613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the risk factors for low levels of subjective well-being (SWB) in the general population of Japan, specifically, the impact of the number of teeth and self-rated mastication. The surveyed population consisted of individuals aged between 40 and 79 years from Yamagata prefecture, Japan. A postal self-administered questionnaire survey of respondents lifestyles, medical history, oral health, and dietary intake, was conducted from 2017 to 2021. We included 6846 participants to confirm the independent associations between SWB and several parameters using multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Individuals with < 20 teeth and poor mastication ability had a 1.3-fold risk for low levels of SWB compared with individuals with ≥ 20 teeth with good mastication ability (adjusted odds ratios = 1.300, 95% confidence intervals = 1.043-1.621, P = .020). There were no differences between individuals with good mastication ability, regardless of the number of remaining teeth. Our study emphasizes not only the importance of having ≥ 20 teeth and good mastication ability for high levels of SWB but also the importance of restoring mastication ability using some form of prosthesis, to facilitate a high level of SWB when the number of remaining teeth is < 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinji Susa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naohiko Makino
- Yamagata University Health Administration Center, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naoki Okuyama
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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3
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Røysamb E, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Ystrøm E, Nes RB. Worldwide Well-Being: Simulated Twins Reveal Genetic and (Hidden) Environmental Influences. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1562-1574. [PMID: 37384562 PMCID: PMC10623597 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231178716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
What are the major sources of worldwide variability in subjective well-being (SWB)? Twin and family studies of SWB have found substantial heritability and strong effects from unique environments but virtually no effects from shared environments. However, extant findings are not necessarily valid at the global level. Prior studies have examined within-countries variability but did not take into account mean differences across nations. In this article, we aim to estimate the effects of genetic factors, individual environmental exposures, and shared environments for the global population. We combine a set of knowns from national well-being studies (means and standard deviations) and behavioral-genetic studies (heritability) to model a scenario of twin studies across 157 countries. For each country, we simulate data for a set of twin pairs and pool the data into a global sample. We find a worldwide heritability of 31% to 32% for SWB. Individual environmental factors explain 46% to 52% of the variance (including measurement error), and shared environments account for 16% to 23% of the global variance in SWB. Worldwide, well-being is somewhat less heritable than within nations. In contrast to previous within-countries studies, we find a notable effect of shared environments. This effect is not limited to within families but operates at a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Røysamb
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London
| | - Eivind Ystrøm
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Bang Nes
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Philosophy, Classics, and History of Arts and Ideas, University of Oslo, Norway
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Gong C, Gao W, Zhang B, Tang H, Xie Y. Investigation and analysis of training injury and its psychological effects on firefighters in Beijing A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35179. [PMID: 37747013 PMCID: PMC10519485 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Firefighters' high-intensity training often leads to injuries in the musculoskeletal system. Studies have found that these injuries in the musculoskeletal system may contribute to poor psychological issues. At the same time, low psychological well-being increases the risk of injuries, illness, and mortality. According to research reports, firefighters generally have a good psychological state. So this study aims to survey and analyze the training-related injuries and psychological states of firefighting and rescue personnel in Beijing. This cross-sectional study employed a questionnaire survey to gather data from a total of 214 firefighters in a certain city. The participants were required to complete a questionnaire about musculoskeletal injuries and psychological status, and then these data were statistically analyzed. The incidence of training-related injuries is relatively high among firefighting and rescue teams, with the highest proportions observed in the lower back, knees, and ankles. Overweight and obese firefighters are more prone to ankle injuries. In the group with injuries, the subjective well-being index is lower compared to the group without injuries. Firefighters experiencing moderate to severe pain due to injuries exhibit lower subjective well-being indices compared to those with mild pain. Psychological resilience and the impact of pain on training and sleep can predict the subjective well-being index of firefighters. It is recommended that firefighting and rescue teams enhance preventive measures for musculoskeletal injuries during training to elevate the subjective well-being of firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Combat Training Service, Beijing Dongcheng District Fire and Rescue Detachment, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Huynh J. "Family Is the Beginning but Not the End": Intergenerational LGBTQ Chosen Family, Social Support, and Health in a Vietnamese American Community Organization. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:1240-1262. [PMID: 35007487 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.2018879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Homophobia and anti-LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) discrimination within ethnic communities can negatively impact the health of LGBTQ people. The formation of chosen families has been a source of social support that may have health benefits for LGBTQ people. This ethnographic study explores how participation in a LGBTQ Vietnamese American community organization reveals the salience of chosen family in informing individual members' perceptions of their health and well-being. Fifteen members were interviewed and over 30 were included in a 6-month participant-observation period. Three themes emerged: 1) queering family and kinship, 2) Vietnamese motherhood and the social reproduction of the family, 3) social ties and community connectedness as relational dimensions of health. Findings suggest that specific ethnic social support via chosen family formations for LGBTQ Vietnamese Americans can shape individuals' sense of self, sense of belonging, purpose in life, and consequently perceptions of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Huynh
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Grandparenting and subjective well-being in China: The moderating effects of residential location, gender, age, and income. Soc Sci Med 2022; 315:115528. [PMID: 36399982 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Grandparenting is a social determinant of older adults' subjective well-being (SWB) worldwide, and is receiving increasing scholarly attention. Grandparenting is particularly prevalent in China because of the increasing number of women in the labor force, shortages of daycare services, and intergenerational bonds. Based on three waves (2011, 2013, and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (n = 14,846), we used pooled ordinary least squares (POLS) regression to examine the association between grandparenting and Chinese older adults' SWB and the moderating effects of residential location (rural/urban), gender, age, and income. We measured SWB by four outcomes: self-rated health, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. Our findings indicate that intensive grandparenting is positively associated with older adults' life satisfaction. Older adults providing a low-to-high intensity of grandparenting have better cognitive function than non-caregivers. Among caregivers, a moderate level of grandparenting is associated with better cognitive function. Residential location, age, and income are significant moderators. For example, high-intensity grandparenting is positively associated with rural grandparents' but not urban grandparents' life satisfaction. Although younger grandparents have better self-rated health, higher life satisfaction, and fewer depressive symptoms than their older counterparts if they provide grandparenting care, grandparenting is more beneficial for older grandparents' cognitive function. Both low and high intensities of grandparenting are positively related to self-rated health and cognitive function for grandparents with lower incomes. Overall, the findings of this study indicate how grandparenting is related to the SWB of older people in China in different social groups and of people living in different locations.
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Health Effects of Happiness in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116686. [PMID: 35682270 PMCID: PMC9180311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The demand for improving health status of Chinese residents is growing with the rapid economic development. Happiness, which could be improved by some brief, self-administered, and cost-effective interventions, is reported to be associated with mortality, longevity, and self-rated health. Therefore, it is essential to assess the effect of happiness on health in China. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey 2017, the present study explored the effect of happiness on health among Chinese residents after controlling for demographic variables, socioeconomic factors, social relationships, locations, and insurance plan. The happiness effect across subsamples by age and resident type and the mediator role of happiness were also evaluated. Based on an ordered probit regression model, we found that the effect of happiness on health was significantly positive in full sample and all subsamples. Using a structural equation model, we demonstrated that happiness could partially mediate the relationship between socioeconomic factors, social relationships factors, and health. Our data supplement the existing literature on the relationship between happiness and health and provide evidence for policymakers and stakeholders focusing on happiness as a health strategy to improve overall societal wellbeing.
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Li X, Ren Z, Ji T, Shi H, Zhao H, He M, Fan X, Guo X, Zha S, Qiao S, Li Y, Pu Y, Liu H, Zhang X. Associations of sleep quality, anxiety symptoms and social support with subjective well-being among Chinese perimenopausal women. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:66-73. [PMID: 35085670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the internal pathway of the association between sleep quality and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women. METHODS A survey was performed of 1063 perimenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years who participated in a regular health examination conducted at the First Hospital of Jilin University, China. Participants were asked to complete a study questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale for Chinese Citizens were used to assess sleep quality, anxiety symptoms, social support and subjective well-being, respectively. The data were analyzed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and the PROCESS macro. RESULTS The mean total subjective well-being score was 90.14 ± 12.80. The correlation analyzes showed that sleep quality (r = -0.341, P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (r = -0.490, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with subjective well-being. Social support was positively correlated with subjective well-being (r = 0.480, P < 0.001). The effect of sleep quality on subjective well-being was partially mediated by anxiety symptoms (Effect = -0.462, 95% CI = [-0.577, -0.363]). In addition, social support moderated the association between anxiety symptoms and subjective well-being (Index = -0.006, 95% CI = [-0.012, -0.001]). LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS The effect of sleep quality on subjective well-being was partially mediated by anxiety symptoms, and social support moderated the association between anxiety symptoms and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianliang Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanfang Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfu He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwen Fan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Zha
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyin Qiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajiao Pu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Wu X, Gai X, Xu L, Liu F, Wang H, Kou H. Family socioeconomic status and provincial‐level economic, educational, and health‐related factors as predictors of present‐ and future‐oriented subjective wellbeing in junior high school students in China. J Adolesc 2022; 94:354-365. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xiaosong Gai
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Lili Xu
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Fangqing Liu
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Hongyang Kou
- Northeast Asian Studies College Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
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Cheng G, He S, He Q, Xie X, Tian G, Jiang N, Li C, Min X, Li R, Shi Y, Zhou T, Yan Y. Gender and residence differences in the association between social support and subjective well-being among Chinese oldest-old: A national longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 98:104545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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FERREIRA HG, SUZUKI SM. Older people’s pleasant events and subjective well being. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0275202239e200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and relationships between subjective well being and involvement in pleasant events in a sample of 156 community-dwelling older people without cognitive impairment. The Brazilian version of The California Older Person’s Pleasant Events Schedule assessed the involvement in pleasant events, and subjective well-being was assessed by the Life Satisfaction Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. The sample showed higher levels of positive affect compared to negative affect, higher frequency of Contemplative activities and lower frequency of Intellectual activities. Significant relationships were observed between the constructs in general, suggesting that the higher the Involvement of older people in Pleasant Events the higher their Subjective Well Being. Social and Competence activities as well as Contemplative activities showed stronger associations with Subjective Well Being. These findings are relevant for the development of interventions and public policies focused on older people’s mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Miyuki SUZUKI
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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Johansson B, Thorvaldsson V. What Matters and What Matters Most for Survival After age 80? A Multidisciplinary Exploration Based on Twin Data. Front Psychol 2021; 12:723027. [PMID: 34630233 PMCID: PMC8492959 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given research and public interest for conditions related to an extended lifespan, we addressed the questions of what matters and what matters most for subsequent survival past age 80. The data was drawn from the population-based and multidisciplinary Swedish OCTO Twin Study, in which a sample (N = 699) consisting of identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs, followed from age 80 until death, provided detailed data on health, physical functioning, life style, personality, and sociodemographic conditions. Information concerning date of birth and death were obtained from population census register. We estimated heritability using an ACE model and evaluated the role of multiple predictors for the mortality-related hazard rate using Cox regression. Our findings confirmed a low heritability of 12%. As expected, longer survival was associated with being a female, an apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele non-carrier, and a non-smoker. Several diseases were found to be associated with shorter survival (cerebrovascular, dementia, Parkinson's, and diabetes) as well as certain health conditions (high diastolic blood pressure, low body mass index, and hip fracture). Stronger grip and better lung function, as well as better vision (but not hearing), and better cognitive function (self-evaluated and measured) was related to longer survival. Social embeddedness, better self-evaluated health, and life-satisfaction were also significantly associated with longer survival. After controlling for the impact of comorbidity, functional markers, and personality-related predictors, we found that sex, cerebrovascular diseases, compromised cognitive functioning, self-related health, and life-satisfaction remained as strong predictors. Cancer was only associated with the mortality hazard when accounting for other co-morbidities. The survival estimates were mostly in anticipated directions and contained effect sizes within the expected range. Noteworthy, we found that some of the so-called "soft-markers" remained strong predictors, despite a control for other factors. For example, self-evaluation of health and ratings of life-satisfaction provide additional and valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Muhammad T, Srivastava S, Sekher TV. Association of self-perceived income status with psychological distress and subjective well-being: a cross-sectional study among older adults in India. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:82. [PMID: 34006311 PMCID: PMC8130272 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the older population aged 65 and over worldwide, is estimated to increase from 9% in 2019 to 16% in 2050, rapid aging will transform the aspects such as economic security, employment status, and family structure. The effects of lower levels of perceived income and poor socioeconomic status on the mental health of older adults appear to be large and enduring. Therefore, the present study contributes to the literature on understanding the association of socioeconomic conditions and self-perceived income status in particular, with self-assessed mental health outcomes (psychological distress and subjective well-being) among older adults in India. METHODS Data for the present study was derived from the Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing (BKPAI) in India. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to understand the relationship between socioeconomic status and outcome variables. RESULTS About 43% of older adults had no income whereas 7% had income but perceived as not sufficient to fulfil their basic needs. Nearly, 9% of older adults were retired from regular employment. Almost 70% older adults had received no pension and nearly 18% of older adults had no asset ownership. It is revealed that older adults with income that is partially sufficient to fulfil their basic needs were 2.23 times [OR: 2.23, CI: 1.75-2.84] and 1.96 times [OR: 1.96, CI: 1.55-2.47] significantly more likely to suffer from psychological distress and low subjective well-being than those who had income which was sufficient to fulfil their basic needs. CONCLUSIONS By focusing on four target areas such as the income support, education, family oriented initiatives and local or regional policies, the current framework for assessing the mental health among older adults in India can be modified. A move towards a guaranteed pension for eligible older individuals by which they do not have to remain as a financial burden on their children, may reduce their self-perceived economic distress and result in higher levels of wellbeing in older ages. Also, strategies to address socioeconomic disadvantages and gender differentials related to mental health status among older population are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Muhammad
- Department of Population Policies and Programs, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400088
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400088
| | - T. V. Sekher
- Department of Population Policies and Programs, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400088
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Introducing two types of psychological resilience with partly unique genetic and environmental sources. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8624. [PMID: 33883571 PMCID: PMC8060303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological resilience is indicated when individuals demonstrate good mental health despite exposure to significant stress or adversity. Good mental health may involve low levels of illbeing and/or high levels of wellbeing. There is still very limited knowledge about the potential differences between these outcomes in relation to stressors. We propose a distinction between type 1 and type 2 resilience, examine their underlying genetic and environmental architecture, and identify modifiable resilience factors. The data come from a population-based twin sample (N = 1987, mean age = 63) in the Norwegian Twin Registry. Type 1 and type 2 resilience are operationalised as the residual of anxiety/depression symptoms and life satisfaction, respectively, after lifetime cumulative adversity has been regressed out. We used biometric modelling and cotwin-control linear mixed models to estimate underlying factors and identify predictors while controlling for genetic confounding. The results support the notion of two separate, but partly overlapping types of resilience. We find heritabilities of 0.30 (type 1) and 0.24 (type 2) and a genetic correlation of 0.43. Potentially causal resilience factors include, but are not limited to, meaning in life, physical activity, positive affect and relationship satisfaction. Whereas some factors are associated with both resilience types, other factors are unique to each type.
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15
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Cheng G, Yan Y. Sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of subjective well-being among Chinese oldest-old: a national community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:124. [PMID: 33593298 PMCID: PMC7885581 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still a lack of systematic investigation of comprehensive contextual factors of subjective well-being (SWB) among Chinese oldest-old. This study aimed to explore sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of SWB among Chinese oldest-old using a large and representative sample. METHODS The study included 49,069 individuals aged 80 and older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a prospective, nationwide, community-based study conducted from 1998 to 2014. SWB was measured by eight items covering life satisfaction, positive affect (optimism, happiness, personal control, and conscientiousness), and negative affect (anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness). Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore the predictors of SWB. RESULTS We found that age, gender, ethnic group, education, primary occupation before retirement, current marital status, and place of residence were sociodemographic predictors of SWB among the Chinese oldest-old. The health-related predictors included self-rated health, visual function, hearing function, diet quality, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise status. SWB was influenced by some social factors, such as the number of biological siblings, the number of children, leisure activities, financial independence, and access to adequate medical service. In particular, self-rated health, access to adequate medical services, exercise status, and place of residence exert a stronger effect than other factors. CONCLUSIONS SWB in the oldest-old is influenced by a large number of complex sociodemographic, health-related, and social factors. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of centenarians, women, rural residents, widowed, physically disabled, and childless oldest-old people. Relevant agencies can improve physical activities, leisure activities, financial support, and medical services to promote the well-being of the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Sagherian K, Rose K, Zhu S, Byon HD. Productive Activities But Not Paid Work Relate to Well-Being in Older Adults. Res Gerontol Nurs 2020; 14:24-32. [PMID: 33306810 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20201124-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Productive activity engagement may positively contribute to the subjective well-being (SWB) of older adults during retirement. The current study explored the relationships between paid work and productive activities and SWB in Medicare beneficiary older adults predominantly living in the community. The 2015-2016 data (N = 2,916) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study were used. Multiple linear regressions with complex survey data were performed. Aside from paid work, the productive activities included in the analyses were volunteer work, caregiving role, social participation, online networking, and physical activity. After controlling for health-related, sociodemographic, and baseline SWB variables, three productive activities, but not paid work, were significantly related to SWB. Older adults who were physically active, engaged in volunteer work, and had increased social participation had significantly increased SWB. These findings encourage older adults to remain physically active and engage when possible in productive activities that are more social than economic in nature. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(1), 24-32.].
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Gamaldo AA, Sardina AL, Tan SC, Ross LA, Gerlin LA, Knox TB, Prawl D, Argueta Portillo KS, Andel R. Correlates of Life Satisfaction Among Middle-Aged and Older Black Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:1249-1259. [PMID: 33025418 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines satisfaction across life domains (condition of the home, city of residence, daily life/leisure, family life, current financial situation, total household income, health, and life as a whole) among Black adults. The study also explores the association between satisfaction in each life domain and sociodemographic, personality, and mental/physical health measures. METHODS A community-dwelling sample of Black adults (n = 93, age range = 55-80) residing in the Tampa, FL area, completed a life satisfaction scale and measures of sociodemographic factors, personality, and mental/physical health between October 2014 and June 2016. RESULTS Better life satisfaction was observed in the oldest-old (80+) compared with the middle-aged (55-64; p < .05). Less education, less financial strain, lower depressive symptoms, and better self-rated physical health were associated with higher satisfaction although the pattern of results varied by domain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the evaluation of life satisfaction domains may be a useful approach for identifying specific individual needs, which may inform age-friendly community initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Gamaldo
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Angie L Sardina
- School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Shyuan Ching Tan
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lesley A Ross
- Psychology Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Lauren A Gerlin
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Terrance B Knox
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Dominique Prawl
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Katherine S Argueta Portillo
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072347. [PMID: 32244270 PMCID: PMC7177324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While literature attempts to explain why self-reported subjective wellbeing (SWB) generally increases with age in most high-income countries based on a social determinants of a health framework, little work attempts to explain the low levels of self-report SWB among older persons in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the 2013 Uganda Study on Global Aging and Health with 470 individuals, this research examines (i) direct and indirect effects of age on SWB through social and structural determinants, and (ii) how direct and indirect effects vary by gender. Results show a significant direct and negative effect of age on SWB (β = 0.42, p = 0.01). Six indirect paths were statistically significant and their indirect effects on wellbeing varied by gender. Providing support, education, working status, asset level, financial status and financial improvement were significantly positively associated with men’s SWB, whereas younger age, providing community support, participating in group activities, number of close friends/relatives, government assistance and all socio-economic variables were significantly positively associated with women’s SWB. Strategies to address gendered economic, social and political inequalities among and between elderly populations are urgently needed.
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Martínez de Toda I, Miguélez L, Siboni L, Vida C, De la Fuente M. High perceived stress in women is linked to oxidation, inflammation and immunosenescence. Biogerontology 2019; 20:823-835. [PMID: 31396798 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress situations lead to an impairment of immune response and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress, which are important underlying mechanisms of the ageing process. However, given that the physiological stress response depends on the subjective appraisal of a given stressor, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect that different degrees of perceived stress have, regardless of their type, on immune functions, oxidative and inflammatory stress and ageing rate of women (30-50 years old). For that purpose, a group of 49 women was classified, according to their scores obtained in the perceived stress scale (PSS), into low (n = 23), moderate (n = 14) and high (n = 12) degree of perceived stress. The immune functions studied were: neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, natural killer activity, lymphoproliferation and LPS-stimulated cytokine release. Basal cytokine release was studied as an inflammatory stress marker. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, and reduced glutathione) and oxidant compounds (oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde) were also investigated in whole blood as markers of oxidative stress. The results show that, in general, women with a moderate or high degree of perceived stress have a worse immune functionality and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress compared to women with low stress perception. In addition, a positive correlation was found between PSS scores and the biological age of each woman (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, high levels of perceived stress in women are associated with a higher oxidative and inflammatory stress and immunosenescence, which seem to accelerate their ageing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Miguélez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - León Siboni
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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20
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The link between sexual satisfaction and subjective well-being: a longitudinal perspective based on the German Ageing Survey. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:3025-3035. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Saunders GRB, Elkins IJ, Christensen K, McGue M. The relationship between subjective well-being and mortality within discordant twin pairs from two independent samples. Psychol Aging 2019; 33:439-447. [PMID: 29756801 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown robust associations between greater subjective well-being (SWB) and reduced mortality. Whether this observed association is causal in nature or due instead to confounding genetic or environmental factors affecting both SWB and mortality is not well understood. We used a combined sample of 6,802 twins drawn from two cohorts: the Longitudinal Study of Middle-Aged Danish Twins (MADT; N = 2,815, baseline age between 45 and 69 years, M = 56.8, SD = 6.4) and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT; N = 3,987, baseline age between 70 and 97 years, M = 76.6, SD = 4.9). The relationship between SWB, encompassing measures of life satisfaction and affect, and all-cause mortality was evaluated using survival analyses at both the individual level and within twin pairs. Twin difference analyses were completed within 1,053 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 1,143 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs to control for genetic and shared environmental confounding. As expected, the individual-level results showed that higher levels of SWB were associated with reduced mortality: affect hazard ratio (HR) = .90, 95% confidence interval (CI) [.87, .94]; life satisfaction HR = .88, 95% CI [.84, .92]. The effect of SWB on reduced mortality remained significant within both MZ and DZ pairs, suggesting that the association is independent of genetic and nonshared environmental confounding factors. These findings, which generalized across both younger (MADT) and older (LSADT) cohorts of adults, remained significant when accounting for demographic factors, physical health, and cognitive functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
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Abstract
Research into the relationship between happiness and health is developing rapidly, exploring the possibility that impaired happiness is not only a consequence of ill-health but also a potential contributor to disease risk. Happiness encompasses several constructs, including affective well-being (feelings of joy and pleasure), eudaimonic well-being (sense of meaning and purpose in life), and evaluative well-being (life satisfaction). Happiness is generally associated with reduced mortality in prospective observational studies, albeit with several discrepant results. Confounding and reverse causation are major concerns. Associations with morbidity and disease prognosis have also been identified for a limited range of health conditions. The mechanisms potentially linking happiness with health include lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and dietary choice, and biological processes, involving neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. Interventions have yet to demonstrate substantial, sustained improvements in subjective well-being or direct impact on physical health outcomes. Nevertheless, this field shows great potential, with the promise of establishing a favorable effect on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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Psychological well-being and mortality: longitudinal findings from Lithuanian middle-aged and older adults study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:803-811. [PMID: 30627758 PMCID: PMC6656792 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to examine whether after confounding by possible socio-demographic and other risk factors, psychological well-being is independently associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. METHODS Initial data were collected within the framework of the international project HAPIEE in 2006-2008. A random sample of 7115 individuals aged 45-72 years was screened. Deaths were evaluated by death register of Kaunas city (Lithuania) in a follow-up study till 2016. Psychological well-being was evaluated by a CASP-12 questionnaire. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, biologic factors and depressive symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Age-adjusted survival curves revealed that psychological well-being predicts longevity in men and women (p < 0.001). After adjustment for many possible confounders psychological well-being was independently associated with all-cause mortality in men (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.62-0.94) and women (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.56-0.96). However, psychological well-being association with cardiovascular mortality attained statistical significance only in the women's group (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.33-0.87), but not in men (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.72-1.33). CONCLUSIONS Psychological well-being is an important predictor of longevity, controlling well-recognized risk factors such as age, education, cardiovascular diseases, social status, marital status, lifestyle and biological factors and depressive symptoms. Positive psychological well-being should be taken into account when screening older people to prevent negative health outcomes.
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Smith EM, Reynolds S, Orchard F, Whalley HC, Chan SW. Cognitive biases predict symptoms of depression, anxiety and wellbeing above and beyond neuroticism in adolescence. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:446-453. [PMID: 30145516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence represents a period of vulnerability to affective disorders. Neuroticism is considered a heritable risk factor for depression, but is not directly amenable to intervention. Therefore, it is important to identify the contributions of modifiable risk factors. Negative cognitive biases are implicated in the onset and maintenance of affective disorders in adults, and may represent modifiable risk factors in adolescence. AIM(S) This study sought to assess to what extent cognitive biases are able to predict depression, anxiety and wellbeing beyond that of neuroticism in adolescents. METHODS Adolescents (N = 99), recruited from Scottish secondary schools (54.5% female; mean age = 14.7), ensured a sample representing the breadth of the mental health spectrum. In line with prevalence estimates, 18% of this sample demonstrated clinical levels of depression symptoms. Cognitive biases of autobiographical memory, self-referential memory, ambiguous scenarios interpretation, facial expression recognition, rumination and dysfunctional attitudes were assessed. Depression, anxiety, and wellbeing were indexed using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the BBC Subjective Wellbeing Scale. RESULTS Regression analyses demonstrated neuroticism to significantly predict depression, anxiety and wellbeing. The addition of cognitive biases resulted in a significant increase of explained variance with final models explaining just over 50% of variances of depression, anxiety and wellbeing. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that cognitive biases explain mental health symptoms over and above that of neuroticism. Depressive symptomology was particularly related to self-referential memory bias, while anxiety was predicted by interpretive bias. The key clinical implication is that targeting specific biases based on diagnostic features may be of particular benefit in alleviating distress and promoting wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh M Smith
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6 Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Heather C Whalley
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6 Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Wy Chan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6 Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
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Luchesi BM, de Oliveira NA, de Morais D, de Paula Pessoa RM, Pavarini SCI, Chagas MHN. Factors associated with happiness in the elderly persons living in the community. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 74:83-87. [PMID: 29040889 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with happiness in a sample of Brazilian older adults. METHODS A study was conducted with 263 elderly people in the area of coverage of a family health unit located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The Subjective Happiness Scale was used to measure happiness, the final score of which determined one of three outcomes: not happy, intermediate, and happy. Disability, sociodemographic characteristics, and psychological, cognitive, and physical factors were considered for the multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups regarding satisfaction with life, disability, social phobia, anxiety, depression, and frailty (p≤0.05). In the multinomial regression analysis, being "not happy" was significantly associated with satisfaction with life (RRR: 0.53), depression (RRR: 1.46), social phobia (RRR: 1.24), and age (RRR: 1.06). CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that psychological factors and age influence the levels of happiness in older adults living in the community. Furthermore, better screening, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health disorders could increase the feeling of happiness among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moretti Luchesi
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | | | - Daiene de Morais
- Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Hortes N Chagas
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Diener E, Pressman SD, Hunter J, Delgadillo-Chase D. If, Why, and When Subjective Well-Being Influences Health, and Future Needed Research. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2017; 9:133-167. [PMID: 28707767 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We review evidence on whether subjective well-being (SWB) can influence health, why it might do so, and what we know about the conditions where this is more or less likely to occur. This review also explores how various methodological approaches inform the study of the connections between subjective well-being and health and longevity outcomes. Our review of this growing literature indicates areas where data are substantial and where much more research is needed. We conclude that SWB can sometimes influence health, and review a number of reasons why it does so. A key open question is when it does and does not do so-in terms of populations likely to be affected, types of SWB that are most influential (including which might be harmful), and types of health and illnesses that are most likely to be affected. We also describe additional types of research that are now much needed in this burgeoning area of interest, for example, cross-cultural studies, animal research, and experimental interventions designed to raise long-term SWB and assess the effects on physical health. This research area is characterised both by potentially extremely important findings, and also by pivotal research issues and questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Diener
- University of Virginia and University of Utah and the Gallup Organization, USA
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Wang Y, Ma T, Zhu YS, Chu XF, Yao S, Wang HF, Cai J, Wang XF, Jiang XY. The KSR2-rs7973260 Polymorphism is Associated with Metabolic Phenotypes, but Not Psychological Phenotypes, in Chinese Elders. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:416-421. [PMID: 28537769 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between genetic variants of KSR2 (kinase suppressor of RAS)-rs7973260, RAPGEF6 (guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6)-rs3756290, LOC105377703-rs4481363, and subjective well-being (SWB) and depressive symptoms (DSs) in Chinese elders, which were recently associated in a genome-wide association study conducted in Caucasians. The pleiotropic effects of KSR2-rs7973260 on metabolic phenotypes were also explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used data from 1788 older individuals aged 70-84 years from the aging arm of the Rugao Longevity and Aging Study, a population-based cohort study conducted in the Jiangsu province of China. RESULTS No significant distributions of genotype frequencies were observed between life-satisfied and -unsatisfied groups across those with the three polymorphisms. The level of SWB components (positive affect, negative affect, and affect balance) and DSs did not differ among genotypes of the three variants. However, the presence of GA+AA of KSR2-rs7973260 was significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome (MetS), severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), and diabetes groups than in control groups (43.7% vs. 37.6%, 46.4% vs. 37.6%, 45.8% vs. 37.9%, respectively). The A allele of rs7973260 was associated with increased risk of MetS, severe HTG, and diabetes with an odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.289 (1.002-1.658), 1.438 (1.076-1.921), and 1.384 (1.022-1.875), which remained significant after multiple adjustments. CONCLUSION Rs7973260, rs3756290, and rs4481363 were not associated with SWB and DSs in Chinese elders. However, the KSR2-rs7973260 A allele exhibited pleiotropic effects on some metabolic phenotypes in Chinese elders. These effects should be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- 1 Rugao People's Hospital , Rugao, China
| | - Teng Ma
- 2 Unit of Epidemiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Shun Yao
- 2 Unit of Epidemiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- 3 Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Cai
- 4 Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- 2 Unit of Epidemiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiang
- 5 Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China .,6 Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China .,7 Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
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Fernandez M, Boyle E, Hartvigsen J, Ferreira M, Refshauge K, Maher C, Christensen K, Hopper J, Ferreira P. Is this back pain killing me? All‐cause and cardiovascular‐specific mortality in older Danish twins with spinal pain. Eur J Pain 2017; 21:938-948. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernandez
- Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - E. Boyle
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Hartvigsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
- Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - M.L. Ferreira
- The George Institute for Global Health Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney NSW Australia
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research The Kolling Institute Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - K.M. Refshauge
- Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C.G. Maher
- The George Institute for Global Health Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - K. Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - J.L. Hopper
- Australian Twin Registry Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology The University of Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - P.H. Ferreira
- Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
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Ørstavik RE. Helse i hvert smil? TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2017; 137:591. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Dick DM, Adkins AE, Kuo SIC. Genetic influences on adolescent behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:198-205. [PMID: 27422449 PMCID: PMC5074858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional, developmental phase with marked shifts in behavior, particularly as related to risk-taking and experimentation. Genetic influences on adolescent behavior also show marked changes across this developmental period; in fact, adolescence showcases the dynamic nature of genetic influences on human behavior. Using the twin studies literature on alcohol use and misuse, we highlight several principles of genetic influence on adolescent behavior. We illustrate how genetic influences change (increase) across adolescence, as individuals have more freedom to express their predispositions and to shape their social worlds. We show how there are multiple genetic pathways to risk, and how the environment can moderate the importance of genetic predispositions. Finally, we review the literature aimed at identifying specific genes involved in adolescent behavior and understanding how identified genes impact adolescent outcomes. Ultimately, understanding how genetic predispositions combine with environmental influences to impact pathways of risk and resilience should be translated into improved prevention and intervention efforts; this remains a rich area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 816 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 816 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States.
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 816 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
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Iacob S, Hersant B, Mezi MS, Meningaud JP. Factors That May Enhance Longevity: A Literature Review and a Comprehensive Update for Aesthetic Surgeons. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2016; 40:625-31. [PMID: 27234525 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-016-0648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After surgery, the plastic surgeon is very often questioned about how to maintain the result and more frequently how to slow down the aging process. However, this type of knowledge is not commonly delivered during medical education or at least needs an update. This review could be used as a guide to help plastic surgeons to manage these frequent postoperative consultations. The aim of this literature review was to focus discussion on specific positive factors, identified to have a significant impact on human longevity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was performed using the automated computerized PubMed search, with the keywords "human longevity." Only papers written in the English language were included. References were screened to identify further relevant articles. Experimental studies based on microorganisms and animals, works published in non-indexed journals, case reports, letters, and viewpoints were excluded. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four articles reporting factors influencing human longevity were analyzed for data extraction. A total of 59 articles reporting only positive factors were included. Fourteen factors seemed to have a positive impact on longevity: caloric restriction, active effort and sports, happiness, vitamins, vegetarian or Mediterranean diet, oriental practices, socioeconomic status, genetics, sexual activity, sleep, moderate wine consumption, religion, and education. CONCLUSION While some factors with a positive impact on longevity are clearly identified and should be integrated in the postoperative process, further studies are still needed to be able to slow down the aging process. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iacob
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - B Hersant
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France.
| | - M SidAhmed Mezi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - J P Meningaud
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France
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Martín-María N, Caballero FF, Olaya B, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Haro JM, Miret M, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Positive Affect Is Inversely Associated with Mortality in Individuals without Depression. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1040. [PMID: 27462289 PMCID: PMC4940613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have analyzed the relation between well-being and mortality but none of them have attempted to disentangle the differential influence that positive affect, negative affect, and evaluative well-being might have on mortality using a longitudinal design in the general population and measuring independently and accurately each component of well-being. The aim of the present study is to assess the association of these well-being components with mortality after adjusting for health and other lifestyle factors and to analyze whether this association is different in people with and without depression. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 4753 people from Spain was followed up after 3 years. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models among the total sample and separately in people with and without depression. RESULTS In the analyses adjusted for age, sex, and years of education, all three well-being variables showed separately a statistically significant association with mortality. However, after adjustment for health status and other confounders including the other well-being components, only positive affect remained as marginally associated with a decreased risk of mortality in the overall sample [HR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.73-1.03], in particular among individuals without depression [HR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.68-0.99]. CONCLUSION Positive affect is inversely associated with mortality in individuals without depression. Future research should focus on assessing interventions associated with a higher level of positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martín-María
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain
- CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZMadrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain
- CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain
- CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain
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Subjective wellbeing and longevity: Findings from a 22-year cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2016; 85:28-34. [PMID: 27212667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The health implications of positive affect (PA) are still a matter of debate. The present study examined the longitudinal relationships between subjective wellbeing (SWB) components (i.e., Life satisfaction, PA and negative affect (NA)) and all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS Discrete-time survival analysis within the structural equation modeling framework was applied to data from the PAQUID Cohort (n=3777, baseline age 62-101years) including ten time periods spanning 22years. Time-invariant (age, gender, baseline life satisfaction, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia status) and lagged time-varying (PA, NA, dementia, functional status and self-rated health) predictors were included sequentially in the analyses. RESULTS When included together in the model, only PA among the SWB components showed a significant association with longevity, which persisted (OR=.962, 95% CI=.938, .986) even after adjustment for the interaction between PA and NA, and after additional adjustment for prior medical conditions, functional status and self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS In congruence with positive psychology, PA proved to be an independent protective factor regardless of variations in NA, which did not seem to be a mortality risk factor.
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Mantovani EP, Lucca SRD, Neri AL. Associações entre significados de velhice e bem-estar subjetivo indicado por satisfação em idosos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-98232016019.150041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivos: Investigar os significados atribuídos por idosos aos conceitos de velhice saudável e de ser feliz na velhice, bem como as associações entre os significados e suas avaliações sobre satisfação global e referenciada a domínios. Método: Esta investigação foi realizada a partir dos dados de um estudo multicêntrico, de corte transversal. As emissões verbais provenientes de amostras representativas de idosos comunitários (N=1.242, com 65 anos e mais), registradas no banco de dados de duas cidades brasileiras, foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo e comparadas com indicadores de satisfação, considerando-se sexo, idade e renda familiar. Resultados: Quatro temas e 14 categorias explicaram os dois conceitos: saúde física e funcionalidade (42,1% das emissões), bem-estar psicológico (25,4%), relações interpessoais (23,5%) e recursos materiais e acesso a serviços de saúde (9,0%). Exceção feita à satisfação e prazer, não foram observadas diferenças quanto às razões de prevalência entre as categorias de significado e pontuação alta em satisfação global. Conclusão: Os dois conceitos suscitaram significados comuns associados a aspectos positivos da velhice e refletiram sobre as avaliações de satisfação, evidenciando que, envelhecer de forma saudável e feliz é mais do que ter saúde, pois envolve também bem-estar psicológico e relações interpessoais.
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Liu Z, Wu D, Huang J, Qian D, Chen F, Xu J, Li S, Jin L, Wang X. Visual impairment, but not hearing impairment, is independently associated with lower subjective well-being among individuals over 95 years of age: A population-based study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 62:30-5. [PMID: 26553484 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory impairment affects an increasing number of elderly adults, with a negative psychological impact. Our objective was to examine the associations of visual and hearing impairment with subjective well-being (SWB), an important psychological concept defined by life satisfaction [LS], positive affect [PA], negative affect [NA], and affect balance [AB] among long-lived individuals (LLIs) over 95 years of age. METHODS Data on 442 LLIs from the Rugao longevity cohort, a population-based study in Rugao, China, were analyzed. Graded classifications of visual and hearing impairment (none, mild, moderate, and severe) were constructed from self-reported items. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed to test the associations. RESULTS Approximately 66.1% and 87.3% of the subjects reported varying degrees of visual and hearing impairment. Following the degree of vision impairment, LS, PA, and AB decreased linearly, whereas NA increased linearly (all p for trend<0.05). Vision was significantly related to LS (r=0.238, p<0.001), PA (r=0.142, p<0.01), NA (r=-0.157, p<0.001), and AB (r=0.206, p<0.001). After adjustment for multiple variables including functional ability, an important factor of SWB, the associations of vision impairment with LS, NA, and AB, while diminished, still existed. CONCLUSIONS Visual impairment, but not hearing impairment, was independently associated with low SWB among LLIs, and functional ability may play a mediating role in the observed relationship. The findings indicate that rehabilitation targeted for those with reduced vision and functioning in long-lived populations may be important for promoting well-being and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyun Liu
- Unit of epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Di Wu
- Unit of epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China; Dean's Office, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiapin Huang
- Unit of epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Degui Qian
- Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu, China
| | - Shilin Li
- Unit of epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Unit of epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Unit of epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
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Niklasson J, Hörnsten C, Conradsson M, Nyqvist F, Olofsson B, Lövheim H, Gustafson Y. High morale is associated with increased survival in the very old. Age Ageing 2015; 44:630-6. [PMID: 25779630 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND high morale is defined as future-oriented optimism. Previous research suggests that a high morale independently predicts increased survival among old people, though very old people have not been specifically studied. OBJECTIVE to investigate whether high morale is associated with increased survival among very old people. SUBJECTS the Umeå 85+/GErontological Regional DAtabase-study (GERDA) recruited participants aged 85 years and older in northern Sweden and western Finland during 2000-02 and 2005-07, of whom 646 were included in this study. METHODS demographic, functional- and health-related data were collected in this population-based study through structured interviews and assessments carried out during home visits and from reviews of medical records. The 17-item Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) was used to assess morale. RESULTS the 5-year survival rate was 31.9% for participants with low morale, 39.4% for moderate and 55.6% for those with high morale. In an unadjusted Cox model, the relative risk (RR) of mortality was higher among participants with low morale (RR = 1.86, P < 0.001) and moderate morale (RR = 1.59, P < 0.001) compared with participants with high morale. Similar results were found after adjustment for age and gender. In a Cox model adjusted for several demographic, health- and function-related confounders, including age and gender, mortality was higher among participants with low morale (RR = 1.36, P = 0.032) than those with high morale. There was a similar but non-significant pattern towards increased mortality in participants with moderate morale (RR = 1.21, P value = 0.136). CONCLUSION high morale is independently associated with increased survival among very old people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Niklasson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Hörnsten
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mia Conradsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrica Nyqvist
- Mental Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Vaasa, Finland
| | | | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yngve Gustafson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Olsson LA, Hagnelius NO, Nilsson TK. Renal function is a determinant of subjective well-being in active seniors but not in patients with subjective memory complaints. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:647. [PMID: 25219531 PMCID: PMC4177251 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During our whole life span, factors influencing health and functioning are accumulated. In chronic kidney disease, quality of life is adversely affected. We hypothesized that biomarkers of renal function could also be determinants of subjective well-being (SWB) in Swedish elderly subjects. SWB was assessed by the Psychological General Well-Being index (PGWB index) in two study groups: Active seniors (AS) consisted of community-dwelling elderly Swedes leading an active life (n = 389), and the DGM cohort (n = 300) consisted of subjects referred to the Memory Unit at the Department of Geriatrics for memory problems, Serum creatinine, cystatin C, and eGFR (CKD-EPI) were used as biomarkers of renal function. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cystatin C and eGFR values between the two cohorts: cystatin C medians 0.88 vs 0.86 mg/L and eGFR 73 vs 80 mL/min/1.73 m2 (AS vs DGM). In the AS cohort cystatin C was negatively related to PGWB index in women (P < 0.001, R2 ≈ 5%), and the covariates age and BMI did not improve the models. The renal biomarkers were unrelated to the PGWB index in the DGM cohort. Cystatin C in the AS cohort was adversely related to the PGWB subdimensions anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, and vitality in women, but in men only to depressed mood (P < 0.006; R2 ≈ 6%). In the DGM cohort, depressed mood in men was also significantly related to cystatin C (P = 0.050), but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Renal function even within the normal range, measured by serum cystatin C concentration, has significant and sex specific associations with subjective well-being and its subdimensions in healthy elderly subjects. Maintenance of good renal function in aging may be of importance in maintaining a high subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa A Olsson
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Chemistry, Örebro University Hospital, Södra Grev Rosengatan, 701 85 Örebro, Sweden
- />School of Health and Medical Science, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nils-Olof Hagnelius
- />Department of Geriatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Södra Grev Rosengatan, 701 85 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn K Nilsson
- />Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Byggnad 6M, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
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Liu Z, Li L, Huang J, Qian D, Chen F, Xu J, Li S, Jin L, Wang X. Association between subjective well-being and exceptional longevity in a longevity town in China: a population-based study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9632. [PMID: 24590626 PMCID: PMC4082570 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To examine the associations of cognitive and emotional facets (measured by life satisfaction [LS], positive affect [PA], negative affect [NA], and affect balance [AB]) of subjective well-being (SWB) with exceptional longevity (EL), we conducted a population-based study with 463 EL individuals (95+, EL group) recruited from a longevity town of Rugao, China (N = 755, with a response rate of 71.6 %), and 926 elderly individuals (60-69, elderly/control group). The population-based controls were sampled from the resident registry according to the gender ratio of the EL group. We found that the EL group had significantly higher levels of LS (30.74 vs. 28.93), PA (3.91 vs. 3.67), and AB (7.89 vs. 7.40) and a lower level of NA (1.02 vs. 1.27) than the elderly group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher levels of LS, PA, AB, and NA were significantly associated with EL, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.98 (95 % CI, 1.36-2.89), 2.35 (95 % CI, 1.59-3.48), 2.56 (95 % CI, 1.75-3.75), and 0.50 (95 % CI, 0.33-0.74), respectively. Stratification analysis showed that the associations were significant in the healthy subsample, with the following ORs: LS = 2.31, PA = 2.53, AB = 3.05, and NA = 0.39. In conclusion, SWB, with high cognitive and emotional facets, was associated with EL in the healthy Rugao population. The findings imply that interventions that aim to improve elderly individuals' SWB may promote their quality of life and, ultimately, EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyun Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiapin Huang
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Degui Qian
- />Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu China
| | - Fei Chen
- />Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Xu
- />Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu China
| | - Shilin Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- />School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd., Shanghai, 200433 China
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South SC, Krueger RF. Genetic strategies for probing conscientiousness and its relationship to aging. Dev Psychol 2014; 50:1362-76. [PMID: 23181432 PMCID: PMC3776017 DOI: 10.1037/a0030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Conscientiousness is an important trait for understanding healthy aging. The present article addresses how behavioral and molecular genetics methodologies can aid in furthering explicating the link between conscientiousness and aspects of health and well-being in later life. We review the etiology of conscientiousness documented by both quantitative and molecular genetics methods. We also discuss the ways behavior genetics can be used to continue to help refine the concept of conscientiousness and to help identify points of etiological overlap between conscientiousness and healthy aging outcomes. Phenotypic research has established nontrivial associations between conscientiousness and important outcomes, but behavior genetic methods can determine what the causal (genetic and environmental) mechanisms are behind these relationships. An empirical example of one of these techniques is provided using twin data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. We demonstrate that conscientiousness moderates genetic and environmental influences on problem alcohol use, such that greater levels of conscientiousness buffer against the random effects of the environment. Finally, suggestions for future work in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University
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Abstract
Objectives:This study investigates factors related to the positive mental health of older Australian gay men, who are challenged by both age- and sexuality-related stigma. Methods: A national online survey was conducted among 422 gay-identified men aged 40 years and older. Positive mental health was measured using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). Results: Regression analyses revealed men were psychologically healthier if they were employed full-time, had a higher income, were in a relationship, received greater social support, had many close friends, felt connected to the gay community, believed the public felt positively toward their group, and had not experienced discrimination in the past year. A multivariate linear regression found social support to be the most important of all these factors, with support from friends particularly critical. Discussion: These findings provide new guidance to health agencies that seek to improve the mental health and well-being of older gay men.
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Lima MG, Barros MBDA, Alves MCGP. [Happiness in the elderly: an epidemiological approach in the ISA-Camp 2008 study]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2013; 28:2280-92. [PMID: 23288061 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012001400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to identify factors associated with happiness in the elderly. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in 1,431 elderly under the ISA-Camp 2008 project. The survey used a two-stage probabilistic cluster sample. Prevalence of happiness was measured over time according to socio-demographics variables, health behaviors, and health conditions. High prevalence of happiness was associated with: marital status (married), active working, activity and insufficient leisure-time activity, occasional consumption of alcoholic beverages, daily consumption of fruit, vegetables, and leafy vegetables, normal body mass index, and sleeping less than 10 hours/night and sleeping well. The highest prevalence of long-term happiness was observed among elderly with no reported illness, with better self-rated health, and with less disability. Happiness was strongly related to health indicators, suggesting the adequacy of complementary use of this indicator for evaluating health promotion programs in the elderly.
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Sibling comparison designs: bias from non-shared confounders and measurement error. Epidemiology 2012; 23:713-20. [PMID: 22781362 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e31825fa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Twins, full siblings, and half-siblings are increasingly used as comparison groups in matched cohort and matched case-control studies. The "within-pair" estimates acquired through these comparisons are free from confounding from all factors that are shared by the siblings. This has made sibling comparisons popular in studying associations thought likely to suffer confounding from socioeconomic or genetic factors. Despite the wide application of these designs in epidemiology, they have received little scrutiny from a statistical or methodological standpoint. In this paper we show, analytically and through a series of simulations, that the standard interpretation of the models is subject to several limitations that are rarely acknowledged.Although within-pair estimates will not be confounded by factors shared by the siblings, such estimates are more severely biased by non-shared confounders than the unpaired estimate. If siblings are less similar with regard to confounders than to the exposure under study, the within-pair estimate will always be more biased than the ordinary unpaired estimate. Attenuation of associations due to random measurement error in exposure will also be higher in the within-pair estimate, leading within-pair associations to be weaker than corresponding unpaired associations, even in the absence of confounding. Implications for the interpretation of sibling comparison results are discussed.
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Ropponen A, Svedberg P, Huunan-Seppälä A, Koskenvuo K, Koskenvuo M, Alexanderson K, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J. Personality traits and life dissatisfaction as risk factors for disability pension due to low back diagnoses: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study of Finnish twins. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:289-94. [PMID: 22980535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the association of mild symptoms and mental well-being with risk of disability pension (DP) due to somatic diagnoses, even less for DP due to low back diagnoses (LBD). Moderate genetic influences on personality traits, life dissatisfaction and DP exist suggesting that shared genetic influences may underlie these associations. One can control for familial confounding (genetics and family environment) by examining twins. This twin study aimed to investigate personality traits and life dissatisfaction as predictors for DP due to LBD accounting for familial confounding. METHODS Data on 24043 twins aged 18-65year in a baseline survey in 1975 was followed up from national DP register data until 2004. Personality traits were assessed using the short version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and life dissatisfaction was measured with a four item scale on levels of interest, happiness, easiness, and loneliness of life. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS DP due to LBD was granted to 537 individuals during the follow-up. Each one unit increase in life dissatisfaction (HR 1.06; 95%CI 1.03, 1.10) and neuroticism (1.07; 1.03, 1.10) but not extroversion was significantly associated with an elevated risk for DP due to LBD. These associations with life dissatisfaction and neuroticism remained when socioeconomic status, education, and marital status were taken into account, and demonstrated an independence from familial confounding. CONCLUSION Life dissatisfaction and neuroticism seems to be early, perhaps causal risk factors for DP due to LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Ropponen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
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Eaton NR, Krueger RF, South SC, Gruenewald TL, Seeman TE, Roberts BW. Genes, environments, personality, and successful aging: toward a comprehensive developmental model in later life. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:480-8. [PMID: 22454369 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes in aging and health research, such as longevity, can be conceptualized as reflecting both genetic and environmental (nongenetic) effects. Parsing genetic and environmental influences can be challenging, particularly when taking a life span perspective, but an understanding of how genetic variants and environments relate to successful aging is critical to public health and intervention efforts. METHODS We review the literature, and survey promising methods, to understand this interplay. We also propose the investigation of personality as a nexus connecting genetics, environments, and health outcomes. RESULTS Personality traits may reflect psychological mechanisms by which underlying etiologic (genetic and environmental) effects predispose individuals to broad propensities to engage in (un)healthy patterns of behavior across the life span. In terms of methodology, traditional behavior genetic approaches have been used profitably to understand how genetic factors and environments relate to health and personality in somewhat separate literatures; we discuss how other behavior genetic approaches can help connect these literatures and provide new insights. CONCLUSIONS Co-twin control designs can be employed to help determine causality via a closer approximation of the idealized counterfactual design. Gene-by-environment interaction (G × E) designs can be employed to understand how individual difference characteristics, such as personality, might moderate genetic and environmental influences on successful aging outcomes. Application of such methods can clarify the interplay of genes, environments, personality, and successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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