1
|
Pang G, Ye L, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Zhang R, Yang H, Yang Y. Unveiling the bidirectional role of MMP9: A key player in kidney injury. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111312. [PMID: 39074714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent proteolytic metalloenzymes that are involved in numerous pathological conditions, including nephropathy. MMP9, a member of the MMPs family, is categorized as a constituent of the gelatinase B subgroup, and its involvement in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and renal fibrosis highlights its importance in the development and progression of renal diseases. The exact role of MMP9 in the development of kidney diseases is still controversial. This study investigated the dual role of MMP9 in kidney injury, discussing its implications in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and investigating the design and mechanism of MMP9 inhibitors based on previous studies. This study provides an effective basis for the development of novel and selective MMP9 inhibitors for treating renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Pang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ye
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Zhang
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choudhury P, Kandula N, Kosuru R, Adena SKR. Nanomedicine: A great boon for cardiac regenerative medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176969. [PMID: 39218342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a significant global health challenge, remaining the leading cause of illness and mortality worldwide. The adult heart's limited regenerative capacity poses a major obstacle in repairing extensive damage caused by conditions like myocardial infarction. In response to these challenges, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising field aimed at improving treatment outcomes through innovative drug delivery strategies. Nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles (NPs), offer a revolutionary approach by facilitating targeted delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the heart. This precise delivery system holds immense potential for treating various cardiac conditions by addressing underlying mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, extracellular matrix remodeling, prosurvival signaling, and angiogenic pathways associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the fundamental mechanisms involved in cardiac remodeling and regeneration. We explore how nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can effectively target the afore-mentioned mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss clinical trials that have utilized nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems specifically designed for cardiac applications. These trials demonstrate the potential of nanomedicine in clinical settings, paving the way for future advancements in cardiac therapeutics through precise and efficient drug delivery. Overall, nanomedicine holds promise in revolutionizing the treatment landscape of cardiovascular diseases by offering targeted and effective therapeutic strategies that address the complex pathophysiology of cardiac injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Choudhury
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Nirupama Kandula
- Department of Microbiology, GSL Medical College, Rajahmahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh 533296, India
| | - Ramoji Kosuru
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Reddy Adena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khoury P, Wechsler JB. Role of Mast Cells in Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:311-327. [PMID: 38575226 PMCID: PMC11220468 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs), including eosinophilic esophagitis. Their interactions with immune and structural cells, involvement in tissue remodeling, and contribution to symptoms make them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. More is being discovered regarding the intricate interplay of mast cells and eosinophils. Recent studies demonstrating that depletion of eosinophils is insufficient to improve symptoms of EGIDs have raised the question of whether other cells may play a role in symptomatology and pathogenesis of EGIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paneez Khoury
- Human Eosinophil Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 12C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Joshua B Wechsler
- Simpson-Querrey 10-518, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 65, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhowmik R, Shaharyar MA, Sarkar A, Mandal A, Anand K, Shabana H, Mitra A, Karmakar S. Immunopathogenesis of urticaria: a clinical perspective on histamine and cytokine involvement. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:877-896. [PMID: 38555555 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urticaria is a clinical condition characterized by the appearance of wheals (hives), angioedema, or both. Over the last several decades, a better understanding of the mechanisms at play in the immunopathogenesis of urticaria has underscored the existence of numerous urticaria subtypes. Separating the different kinds of urticaria explicitly helps find the best detection method for the management of this skin disorder. Subtypes of urticaria also include both spontaneous and physical types. The conventional ones include spontaneous urticaria, constituting both acute and chronic urticaria. Therefore, a broad and effective therapy is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of urticaria. METHODS To understand the immunopathogenesis of urticaria, various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were used to retrieve original articles and reviews related to urticaria. While information on several clinical trials were obtained from clinicaltrials.gov database. RESULTS This article highlights the immunopathogenesis involved in the intricate interaction between cellular infiltration, immune reactions, coagulation cascades, and autoantibodies that underlie urticaria's pathophysiology. CONCLUSION The recent progress in understanding urticaria can help to understand the intricate characteristics in the immunopathogenesis of urticaria and could play a beneficial role in the management of urticaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Md Adil Shaharyar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Avishek Mandal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kumar Anand
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Humira Shabana
- Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Formerly, Meerut University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Achintya Mitra
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI) CCRAS Under Ministry of AYUSH, Thapla, Ganiyadeoli, Ranikhet Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Korver W, Benet Z, Wong A, Negri GL, Chang K, Sanchez R, Leung J, De Freitas N, Luu T, Schanin J, Youngblood BA. Regulation of mast cells by overlapping but distinct protein interactions of Siglec-6 and Siglec-8. Allergy 2024; 79:629-642. [PMID: 38186079 DOI: 10.1111/all.16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-6 and Siglec-8 are closely related mast cell (MC) receptors with broad inhibitory activity, but whose functional differences are incompletely understood. METHODS Proteomic profiling using quantitative mass spectrometry was performed on primary mouse MCs to identify proteins associated with Siglec-6 and Siglec-8. For functional characterization, each receptor was evaluated biochemically and in ex vivo and in vivo inhibition models of IgE and non-IgE-mediated MC activation in Siglec-6- or Siglec-8-expressing transgenic mice. RESULTS Siglec-6 and Siglec-8 were found in MCs within large complexes, interacting with 66 and 86 proteins, respectively. Strikingly, Siglec-6 and Siglec-8 interacted with a large cluster of proteins involved in IgE and non-IgE-mediated MC activation, including the high affinity IgE receptor, stem cell factor (SCF) receptor KIT/CD117, IL-4 and IL-33 receptors, and intracellular kinases LYN and JAK1. Protein interaction networks revealed Siglec-6 and Siglec-8 had overlapping yet distinct MC functions, with a potentially broader regulatory role for Siglec-6. Indeed, Siglec-6 preferentially interacted with the mature form of KIT at the cell surface, and treatment with an anti-Siglec-6 antibody significantly inhibited SCF-mediated MC activation more in comparison to targeting Siglec-8. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate a central role for Siglec-6 and Siglec-8 in controlling MC activation through interactions with multiple activating receptors and key signaling molecules. Our findings suggest that Siglec-6 has a role distinct from that of Siglec-8 in regulating MC function and represents a distinct potential therapeutic target in mast cell-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Wong
- Allakos Inc., San Carlos, California, USA
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- LM Biostat Consulting Inc., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - John Leung
- Allakos Inc., San Carlos, California, USA
| | | | - Thuy Luu
- Allakos Inc., San Carlos, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Praetzel R, Motaghed M, Fereydouni M, Ahani E, Kepley C. Description and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Human Mast Cell Progenitor Spheroids In Vitro. Cureus 2024; 16:e53708. [PMID: 38455803 PMCID: PMC10919245 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human mast cells (MC) are an essential component of the immune system as they uniquely store and release a wide range of soluble mediators through IgE and non-IgE mechanisms. Several tissue sources can be used to differentiate functional MC for in vitro and in vivo studies. Here we describe an improved method for obtaining large numbers of human MC from adipose tissue with advantages over current methods. We analyzed donor parameters (e.g. age, race) on MC-isolation following adipose and skin tissue digestion from healthy donors. Adipose and skin-derived MC were morphologically and immunophenotypically similar in all donors regardless of age. However, donor-dependent variations in MC numbers were observed following tissue digestion. In addition, we identified and characterized three-dimensional structures from which mature MC emerged in vitro using peripheral blood and human tissue sources. MC progenitor spheroids (MCPS) appeared approximately one week following progenitor isolation and were consistently observed to have mature MC attached, emerging, or nearby when cultured in a stem cell factor-containing medium. The overall characteristics of the MCPS were similar from each tissue source. We propose that these MCPS serve as the common source of human MC in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Praetzel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, USA
| | - Mona Motaghed
- Department of Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, USA
| | - Mohammad Fereydouni
- Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, USA
| | - Elnaz Ahani
- Department of Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, USA
| | - Chris Kepley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akula S, Tripathi SR, Franke K, Wernersson S, Babina M, Hellman L. Cultures of Human Skin Mast Cells, an Attractive In Vitro Model for Studies of Human Mast Cell Biology. Cells 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38201301 PMCID: PMC10778182 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of mast cell biology are dependent on relevant and validated in vitro models. Here, we present detailed information concerning the phenotype of both freshly isolated human skin mast cells (MCs) and of in vitro cultures of these cells that were obtained by analyzing their total transcriptome. Transcript levels of MC-related granule proteins and transcription factors were found to be remarkably stable over a 3-week culture period. Relatively modest changes were also seen for important cell surface receptors including the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FCER1A, the low-affinity receptor for IgG, FCGR2A, and the receptor for stem cell factor, KIT. FCGR2A was the only Fc receptor for IgG expressed by these cells. The IgE receptor increased by 2-5-fold and an approximately 10-fold reduction in the expression of FCGR2A was observed most likely due to the cytokines, SCF and IL-4, used for expanding the cells. Comparisons of the present transcriptome against previously reported transcriptomes of mouse peritoneal MCs and mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) revealed both similarities and major differences. Strikingly, cathepsin G was the most highly expressed granule protease in human skin MCs, in contrast to the almost total absence of this protease in both mouse MCs. Transcript levels for the majority of cell surface receptors were also very low compared to the granule proteases in both mouse and human MCs, with a difference of almost two orders of magnitude. An almost total absence of T-cell granzymes was observed in human skin MCs, indicating that granzymes have no or only a minor role in human MC biology. Ex vivo skin MCs expressed high levels of selective immediate early genes and transcripts of heat shock proteins. In validation experiments, we determined that this expression was an inherent property of the cells and not the result of the isolation process. Three to four weeks in culture results in an induction of cell growth-related genes accompanying their expansion by 6-10-fold, which increases the number of cells for in vitro experiments. Collectively, we show that cultured human skin MCs resemble their ex vivo equivalents in many respects and are a more relevant in vitro model compared to mouse BMMCs for studies of MC biology, in particular human MC biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Shiva Raj Tripathi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bal G, Schneikert J, Li Z, Franke K, Tripathi SR, Zuberbier T, Babina M. CREB Is Indispensable to KIT Function in Human Skin Mast Cells-A Positive Feedback Loop between CREB and KIT Orchestrates Skin Mast Cell Fate. Cells 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 38201246 PMCID: PMC10778115 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin mast cells (MCs) are critical effector cells in acute allergic reactions, and they contribute to chronic dermatoses like urticaria and atopic and contact dermatitis. KIT represents the cells' crucial receptor tyrosine kinase, which orchestrates proliferation, survival, and functional programs throughout the lifespan. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an evolutionarily well-conserved transcription factor (TF), regulates multiple cellular programs, but its function in MCs is poorly understood. We recently reported that CREB is an effector of the SCF (Stem Cell Factor)/KIT axis. Here, we ask whether CREB may also act upstream of KIT to orchestrate its functioning. Primary human MCs were isolated from skin and cultured in SCF+IL-4 (Interleukin-4). Pharmacological inhibition (666-15) and RNA interference served to manipulate CREB function. We studied KIT expression using flow cytometry and RT-qPCR, KIT-mediated signaling using immunoblotting, and cell survival using scatterplot and caspase-3 activity. The proliferation and cycle phases were quantified following BrdU incorporation. Transient CREB perturbation resulted in reduced KIT expression. Conversely, microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) was unnecessary for KIT maintenance. KIT attenuation secondary to CREB was associated with heavily impaired KIT functional outputs, like anti-apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Likewise, KIT-elicited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2), AKT, and STAT5 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) was substantially diminished upon CREB inhibition. Surprisingly, the longer-term interference of CREB led to complete cell elimination, in a way surpassing KIT inhibition. Collectively, we reveal CREB as non-redundant in MCs, with its absence being incompatible with skin MCs' existence. Since SCF/KIT regulates CREB activity and, vice versa, CREB is required for KIT function, a positive feedforward loop between these elements dictates skin MCs' fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Bal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Schneikert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shiva Raj Tripathi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peters IJA, de Pater E, Zhang W. The role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis and cell fate determination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1250827. [PMID: 38033856 PMCID: PMC10682726 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1250827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in bone marrow is vital for the maintenance and operation of the human blood system. GATA2 plays a critical role in the maintenance of HSCs and the specification of HSCs into the different hematopoietic lineages, highlighted by the various defects observed in patients with heterozygous mutations in GATA2, resulting in cytopenias, bone marrow failure and increased chance of myeloid malignancy, termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying GATA2 deficiency syndrome remain to be elucidated. The detailed description of how GATA2 regulates HSC maintenance and blood lineage determination is crucial to unravel the pathogenesis of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. In this review, we summarize current advances in elucidating the role of GATA2 in hematopoietic cell fate determination and discuss the challenges of modeling GATA2 deficiency syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang, ; Emma de Pater,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marcella S, Petraroli A, Canè L, Ferrara AL, Poto R, Parente R, Palestra F, Cristinziano L, Modestino L, Galdiero MR, Monti M, Marone G, Triggiani M, Varricchi G, Loffredo S. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a substrate for tryptase in patients with mastocytosis. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 117:111-118. [PMID: 37500310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease associated to uncontrolled proliferation and increased density of mast cells in different organs. This clonal disorder is related to gain-of-function pathogenic variants of the c-kit gene that encodes for KIT (CD117) expressed on mast cell membrane. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which plays a key role in allergic disorders and several cancers. TSLP is a survival and activating factor for human mast cells through the engagement of the TSLP receptor. Activated human mast cells release several preformed mediators, including tryptase. Increased mast cell-derived tryptase is a diagnostic biomarker of mastocytosis. In this study, we found that in these patients serum concentrations of TSLP were lower than healthy donors. There was an inverse correlation between TSLP and tryptase concentrations in mastocytosis. Incubation of human recombinant TSLP with sera from patients with mastocytosis, containing increasing concentrations of tryptase, concentration-dependently decreased TSLP immunoreactivity. Similarly, recombinant β-tryptase reduced the immunoreactivity of recombinant TSLP, inducing the formation of a cleavage product of approximately 10 kDa. Collectively, these results indicate that TSLP is a substrate for human mast cell tryptase and highlight a novel loop involving these mediators in mastocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Petraroli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luisa Canè
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Parente
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples 80131, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molfetta R, Lecce M, Milito ND, Putro E, Pietropaolo G, Marangio C, Scarno G, Moretti M, De Smaele E, Santini T, Bernardini G, Sciumè G, Santoni A, Paolini R. SCF and IL-33 regulate mouse mast cell phenotypic and functional plasticity supporting a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:616. [PMID: 37730723 PMCID: PMC10511458 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are multifaceted innate immune cells often present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Several recent findings support their contribution to the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. However, MC-derived mediators can either favor tumor progression, inducing the spread of the tumor, or exert anti-tumorigenic functions, limiting tumor growth. This apparent controversial role likely depends on the plastic nature of MCs that under different microenvironmental stimuli can rapidly change their phenotype and functions. Thus, the exact effect of unique MC subset(s) during tumor progression is far from being understood. Using a murine model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, we initially characterized the MC population within the TME and in non-lesional colonic areas, by multicolor flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrated that tumor-associated MCs harbor a main connective tissue phenotype and release high amounts of Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α. This MC phenotype correlates with the presence of high levels of Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and IL-33 inside the tumor. Thus, we investigated the effect of SCF and IL-33 on primary MC cultures and underscored their ability to shape MC phenotype eliciting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings support the conclusion that during colonic transformation a sustained stimulation by SCF and IL-33 promotes the accumulation of a prevalent connective tissue-like MC subset that through the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α maintains a pro-inflammatory microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Lecce
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy-Division of functional immune cell modulation, Franz-Josef-Strausse, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadia D Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Erisa Putro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pietropaolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Marangio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scarno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Isernia, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dispenza MC, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. Research Advances in Mast Cell Biology and Their Translation Into Novel Therapies for Anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2032-2042. [PMID: 36958519 PMCID: PMC10330051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life-threatening systemic allergic reaction for which there are no known reliable preventative therapies. Its primary cell mediator, the mast cell, has several pathophysiologic roles and functions in IgE-mediated reactions that continue to be poorly understood. Recent advances in the understanding of allergic mechanisms have identified novel targets for inhibiting mast cell function and activation. The prevention of anaphylaxis is within reach with new drugs that could modulate immune tolerance, mast cell proliferation and differentiation, and IgE regulation and production. Several US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for chronic urticaria, mastocytosis, and cancer are also being repurposed to prevent anaphylaxis. New therapeutics have not only shown promise in potential efficacy for preventing IgE-mediated reactions, but in some cases, they are able to inform us about mast cell mechanisms in vivo. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the treatment of anaphylaxis that have arisen from new pharmacologic tools and our current understanding of mast cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie C Dispenza
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergy Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergy Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hicks NJ, Crozier RWE, MacNeil AJ. JNK signaling during IL-3-mediated differentiation contributes to the c-kit-potentiated allergic inflammatory capacity of mast cells. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:92-105. [PMID: 37141385 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are leukocytes that mediate various aspects of immunity and drive allergic hypersensitivity pathologies. Mast cells differentiate from hematopoietic progenitor cells in a manner that is largely IL-3 dependent. However, molecular mechanisms, including the signaling pathways that control this process, have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we examine the role of the ubiquitous and critical mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway due to its position downstream of the IL-3 receptor. Hematopoietic progenitor cells were harvested from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice and differentiated to bone marrow-derived mast cells in the presence of IL-3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Inhibition of the JNK node of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway induced the most comprehensive changes to the mature mast cell phenotype. Bone marrow-derived mast cells differentiated during impaired JNK signaling expressed impaired c-kit levels on the mast cell surface, first detected at week 3 of differentiation. Following 1 wk of inhibitor withdrawal and subsequent stimulation of IgE-sensitized FcεRI receptors with allergen (TNP-BSA) and c-kit receptors with stem cell factor, JNK-inhibited bone marrow-derived mast cells exhibited impediments in early-phase mediator release through degranulation (80% of control), as well as late-phase secretion of CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, TNF, and IL-6. Experiments with dual stimulation conditions (TNP-BSA + stem cell factor or TNP-BSA alone) showed that impediments in mediator secretion were found to be mechanistically linked to reduced c-kit surface levels. This study is the first to implicate JNK activity in IL-3-mediated mast cell differentiation and also identifies development as a critical and functionally determinative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Hicks
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Robert W E Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sulsenti R, Jachetti E. Frenemies in the Microenvironment: Harnessing Mast Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1692. [PMID: 37376140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies are influenced by the interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, comprising fibroblasts, immune cells, and extracellular matrix proteins. In this context, mast cells (MCs) have recently emerged as important players. Yet, their role is still controversial, as MCs can exert pro- or anti-tumor functions in different tumor types depending on their location within or around the tumor mass and their interaction with other components of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we describe the main aspects of MC biology and the different contribution of MCs in promoting or inhibiting cancer growth. We then discuss possible therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting MCs for cancer immunotherapy, which include: (1) targeting c-Kit signaling; (2) stabilizing MC degranulation; (3) triggering activating/inhibiting receptors; (4) modulating MC recruitment; (5) harnessing MC mediators; (6) adoptive transferring of MCs. Such strategies should aim to either restrain or sustain MC activity according to specific contexts. Further investigation would allow us to better dissect the multifaceted roles of MCs in cancer and tailor novel approaches for an "MC-guided" personalized medicine to be used in combination with conventional anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sulsenti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Franke K, Bal G, Li Z, Zuberbier T, Babina M. Clorfl86/RHEX Is a Negative Regulator of SCF/KIT Signaling in Human Skin Mast Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091306. [PMID: 37174705 PMCID: PMC10177086 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are key effector cells in allergic and inflammatory diseases, and the SCF/KIT axis regulates most aspects of the cells' biology. Using terminally differentiated skin MCs, we recently reported on proteome-wide phosphorylation changes initiated by KIT dimerization. C1orf186/RHEX was revealed as one of the proteins to become heavily phosphorylated. Its function in MCs is undefined and only some information is available for erythroblasts. Using public databases and our own data, we now report that RHEX exhibits highly restricted expression with a clear dominance in MCs. While expression is most pronounced in mature MCs, RHEX is also abundant in immature/transformed MC cell lines (HMC-1, LAD2), suggesting early expression with further increase during differentiation. Using RHEX-selective RNA interference, we reveal that RHEX unexpectedly acts as a negative regulator of SCF-supported skin MC survival. This finding is substantiated by RHEX's interference with KIT signal transduction, whereby ERK1/2 and p38 both were more strongly activated when RHEX was attenuated. Comparing RHEX and capicua (a recently identified repressor) revealed that each protein preferentially suppresses other signaling modules elicited by KIT. Induction of immediate-early genes strictly requires ERK1/2 in SCF-triggered MCs; we now demonstrate that RHEX diminution translates to this downstream event, and thereby enhances NR4A2, JUNB, and EGR1 induction. Collectively, our study reveals RHEX as a repressor of KIT signaling and function in MCs. As an abundant and selective lineage marker, RHEX may have various roles in the lineage, and the provided framework will enable future work on its involvement in other crucial processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gürkan Bal
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
CREB Is Activated by the SCF/KIT Axis in a Partially ERK-Dependent Manner and Orchestrates Survival and the Induction of Immediate Early Genes in Human Skin Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044135. [PMID: 36835547 PMCID: PMC9966046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) functions as a prototypical stimulus-inducible transcription factor (TF) that initiates multiple cellular changes in response to activation. Despite pronounced expression in mast cells (MCs), CREB function is surprisingly ill-defined in the lineage. Skin MCs (skMCs) are critical effector cells in acute allergic and pseudo-allergic settings, and they contribute to various chronic dermatoses such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, prurigo, rosacea and others. Using MCs of skin origin, we demonstrate herein that CREB is rapidly phosphorylated on serine-133 upon SCF-mediated KIT dimerization. Phosphorylation initiated by the SCF/KIT axis required intrinsic KIT kinase activity and partially depended on ERK1/2, but not on other kinases such as p38, JNK, PI3K or PKA. CREB was constitutively nuclear, where phosphorylation occurred. Interestingly, ERK did not translocate to the nucleus upon SCF activation of skMCs, but a fraction was present in the nucleus at baseline, and phosphorylation was prompted in the cytoplasm and nucleus in situ. CREB was required for SCF-facilitated survival, as demonstrated with the CREB-selective inhibitor 666-15. Knock-down of CREB by RNA interference duplicated CREB's anti-apoptotic function. On comparison with other modules (PI3K, p38 and MEK/ERK), CREB was equal or more potent at survival promotion. SCF efficiently induces immediate early genes (IEGs) in skMCs (FOS, JUNB and NR4A2). We now demonstrate that CREB is an essential partaker in this induction. Collectively, the ancient TF CREB is a crucial component of skMCs, where it operates as an effector of the SCF/KIT axis, orchestrating IEG induction and lifespan.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kučera T, Jedličková K, Šramko M, Peichl P, Cvek J, Knybel L, Hurník P, Neuwirth R, Jiravský O, Voska L, Kautzner J. Inflammation and fibrosis characterize different stages of myocardial remodeling in patients after stereotactic body radiotherapy of ventricular myocardium for recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 62:107488. [PMID: 36206914 PMCID: PMC9760563 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a histological and immunohistochemical analysis of myocardia from 3 patients who underwent radiosurgery and died for various reasons 3 months to 9 months after radiotherapy. In Case 1 (death 3 months after radiotherapy) we observed a sharp transition between relatively intact and irradiated regions. In the myolytic foci, only scattered cardiomyocytes were left and the area was infiltrated by immune cells. Using immunohistochemistry we detected numerous inflammatory cells including CD68+/CD11c+ macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and some scattered CD20+ B-lymphocytes. Mast cells were diminished in contrast to viable myocardium. In Case 2 and Case 3 (death 6 and 9 months after radiotherapy, respectively) we found mostly fibrosis, infiltration by adipose tissue and foci of calcification. Inflammatory infiltrates were less pronounced. Our observations are in accordance with animal experimental studies and confirm a progress from myolysis to fibrosis. In addition, we demonstrate a role of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the earlier stages of myocardial remodeling after stereotactic radioablation for ventricular tachycardia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Kučera
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic,Corresponding author: Tomáš Kučera, MD, Ph.D. Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic, Phone Number: +420224968130.
| | - Kristína Jedličková
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šramko
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Peichl
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Cvek
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 708 52, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Knybel
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 708 52, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hurník
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 708 52, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Neuwirth
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno,Agel Hospital Třinec Podlesí a.s., Konská 453, 739 61 Třinec, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Jiravský
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno,Agel Hospital Třinec Podlesí a.s., Konská 453, 739 61 Třinec, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Voska
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kotani Y, Sumiyoshi M, Sasada M, Watanabe T, Matsuda S. Arf1 facilitates mast cell proliferation via the mTORC1 pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22297. [PMID: 36566324 PMCID: PMC9789986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are one of major players in allergic responses. Mast cell activation via the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) causes degranulation and release of de novo synthesized proinflammatory cytokines in a process that involves vesicle trafficking. Considering that the GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) orchestrates and maintains membrane traffic and organelle structure, it seems likely that Arf1 contributes to mast cell activation. Actually, it has been reported that pharmaceutical blockade of the Arf1 pathway suppresses cytokine secretion and mast cell degranulation. However, physiological roles of Arf1 in mast cells remain elusive. Here, by using a genetic approach, we demonstrate that Arf1 is required for optimal mTORC1 activation upon IL-3 and facilitates mast cell proliferation. On the other hand, contrary to our expectation, Arf1-deficiency had little impact on FcεRI-induced degranulation nor cytokine secretion. Our findings reveal an unexpected role of Arf1 in mast cell expansion and its potential as a therapeutic target in the mast cell proliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kotani
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan ,grid.174568.90000 0001 0059 3836Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, 630-8506 Japan
| | - Mami Sumiyoshi
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| | - Megumi Sasada
- grid.174568.90000 0001 0059 3836Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, 630-8506 Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- grid.174568.90000 0001 0059 3836Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, 630-8506 Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuda
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim M, Jang G, Kim KS, Shin J. Detrimental effects of simulated microgravity on mast cell homeostasis and function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055531. [PMID: 36591304 PMCID: PMC9800517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity causes significant alterations in astronauts' immune systems during spaceflight; however, it is unknown whether microgravity affects mast cell homeostasis and activation. Here we show that microgravity negatively regulates the survival and effector function of mast cells. Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were cultured with IL-3 in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) that generates a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment. BMMCs exposed to SMG showed enhanced apoptosis along with the downregulation of Bcl-2, and reduced proliferation compared to Earth's gravity (1G) controls. The reduction in survival and proliferation caused by SMG exposure was recovered by stem cell factor. In addition, SMG impaired mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion. BMMCs pre-exposed to SMG showed decreased release of β-hexosaminidase, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore ionomycin, which correlated with decreased calcium influx. These findings provide new insights into microgravity-mediated alterations of mast cell phenotypes, contributing to the understanding of immune system dysfunction for further space medicine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Kim
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongin Jang
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Kim
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Shin
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Jinwook Shin,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Franke K, Kirchner M, Mertins P, Zuberbier T, Babina M. The SCF/KIT axis in human mast cells: Capicua acts as potent KIT repressor and ERK predominates PI3K. Allergy 2022; 77:3337-3349. [PMID: 35652819 DOI: 10.1111/all.15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SCF/KIT axis regulates nearly all aspects of mast cell (MC) biology. A comprehensive view of SCF-triggered phosphorylation dynamics is lacking. The relationship between signaling modules and SCF-supported functions likewise remains ill-defined. METHODS Mast cells were isolated from human skin; upon stimulation by SCF, global phosphoproteomic changes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and selectively validated by immunoblotting. MC survival was inspected by YoPro; BrdU incorporation served to monitor proliferation. Gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR and cytokines by ELISA. Pharmacological inhibitors were supplemented by ERK1 and/or ERK2 knockdown. CIC translocation and degradation were studied in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. CIC's impact on KIT signaling and function was assessed following RNA interference. RESULTS ≈5400 out of ≈10,500 phosphosites experienced regulation by SCF. The MEK/ERK cascade was strongly induced surpassing STAT5 > PI3K/Akt > p38 > JNK. Comparison between MEK/ERK's and PI3K's support of basic programs (apoptosis, proliferation) revealed equipotency between modules. In functional outputs (gene expression, cytokines), ERK was the most influential kinase. OSM and LIF production was identified in skin MCs. Strikingly, SCF triggered massive phosphorylation of a protein not associated with KIT previously: CIC. Phosphorylation was followed by CIC's cytoplasmic appearance and degradation, the latter sensitive to protease but not preoteasome inhibition. Both shuttling and degradation were ERK-dependent. Conversely, CIC-siRNA facilitated KIT signaling, functional outputs, and survival. CONCLUSION The SCF/KIT axis shows notable strength in MCs, and MEK/ERK as most prominent module. An inhibitory circuit exists between KIT and CIC. CIC stabilization in MCs may turn out as a therapeutic option to interfere with allergic and MC-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Urticaria is an inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 20% of the world population at some point during their life. It presents with wheals, angioedema or both due to activation and degranulation of skin mast cells and the release of histamine and other mediators. Most cases of urticaria are acute urticaria, which lasts ≤6 weeks and can be associated with infections or intake of drugs or foods. Chronic urticaria (CU) is either spontaneous or inducible, lasts >6 weeks and persists for >1 year in most patients. CU greatly affects patient quality of life, and is linked to psychiatric comorbidities and high healthcare costs. In contrast to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) has definite and subtype-specific triggers that induce signs and symptoms. The pathogenesis of CSU consists of several interlinked events involving autoantibodies, complement and coagulation. The diagnosis of urticaria is clinical, but several tests can be performed to exclude differential diagnoses and identify underlying causes in CSU or triggers in CIndU. Current urticaria treatment aims at complete response, with a stepwise approach using second-generation H1 antihistamines, omalizumab and cyclosporine. Novel treatment approaches centre on targeting mediators, signalling pathways and receptors of mast cells and other immune cells. Further research should focus on defining disease endotypes and their biomarkers, identifying new treatment targets and developing improved therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kolkhir
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jonny Peter
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town, Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Metz
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim KH, Kim JO, Park SG. A fully human anti-c-Kit monoclonal antibody 2G4 inhibits proliferation and degranulation of human mast cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:861-873. [PMID: 36107283 PMCID: PMC10066129 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGiven that mast cells are pivotal contributors to allergic diseases, various allergy treatments have been developed to inhibit them. Omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, is a representative therapy that can alleviate allergy symptoms by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. However, omalizumab cannot reduce the proliferation and accumulation of mast cells, which is a fundamental cause of allergic diseases. c-Kit is essential for the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of mast cells. Excessive c-Kit activation triggers various mast cell diseases, such as asthma, chronic spontaneous urticaria, and mastocytosis. Herein, we generated 2G4, an anti-c-Kit antibody, to develop a therapeutic agent for mast cell diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of 2G4 antibody was evaluated in LAD2, a human mast cell line. 2G4 antibody completely inhibited c-Kit signaling by blocking the binding of stem cell factor, known as the c-Kit ligand. Inhibition of c-Kit signaling led to the suppression of proliferation, migration, and degranulation in LAD2 cells. Moreover, 2G4 antibody suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and complement component C5/C5a, which can exacerbate allergy symptoms. Taken together, these results suggest that 2G4 antibody has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for mast cell diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Elvevi A, Elli EM, Lucà M, Scaravaglio M, Pagni F, Ceola S, Ratti L, Invernizzi P, Massironi S. Clinical challenge for gastroenterologists–Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic mastocytosis: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3767-3779. [PMID: 36157547 PMCID: PMC9367223 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i29.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a rare and heterogeneous disease characterized by various clinical and biological features that affect different prognoses and treatments. The disease is usually divided into 2 principal categories: cutaneous and systemic disease (SM). Clinical features can be related to mast cell (MC) mediator release or pathological MC infiltration. SM is a disease often hard to identify, and the diagnosis is based on clinical, biological, histological, and molecular criteria with different specialists involved in the patient’s clinical work-up. Among all manifestations of the disease, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common, being present in 14%-85% of patients, and can significantly impair the quality of life. Here we review the data regarding GI involvement in SM, in terms of clinical presentations, histological and endoscopic features, the pathogenesis of GI symptoms, and their treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Elvevi
- Gastroenterology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Elli
- Hematology Division and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Martina Lucà
- Gastroenterology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Miki Scaravaglio
- Gastroenterology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Stefano Ceola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Laura Ratti
- Gastroenterology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Gastroenterology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sara Massironi
- Gastroenterology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano – Bicocca School of Medicine, Monza 20900, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pal R, Battu MB, Mukhopadhyay S. Therapeutic application of PPE2 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in inhibiting tissue inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14891. [PMID: 35811493 PMCID: PMC9449591 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need to develop biological anti-inflammatory agents that are more targeted, effective, and with lesser side effects as compared to conventional chemical drugs. In the present study, we found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein PPE2 and a synthetic derivative peptide can suppress the mast cell population and inhibit several vasoactive and fibrogenic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by mast cells in formalin-induced tissue injury. PPE2 was found to inhibit transcription from the promoter of stem cell factor, important for mast cell maintenance and migration. Thus, PPE2/peptide can be used as a potent nonsteroidal therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation and tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
González-López O, Muñoz-González JI, Orfao A, Álvarez-Twose I, García-Montero AC. Comprehensive Analysis of Acquired Genetic Variants and Their Prognostic Impact in Systemic Mastocytosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102487. [PMID: 35626091 PMCID: PMC9139197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare clonal haematopoietic stem cell disease in which activating KIT mutations (most commonly KIT D816V) are present in virtually every (>90%) adult patient at similar frequencies among non-advanced and advanced forms of SM. The KIT D816V mutation is considered the most common pathogenic driver of SM. Acquisition of this mutation early during haematopoiesis may cause multilineage involvement of haematopoiesis by KIT D816V, which has been associated with higher tumour burden and additional mutations in other genes, leading to an increased rate of transformation to advanced SM. Thus, among other mutations, alterations in around 30 genes that are also frequently mutated in other myeloid neoplasms have been reported in SM cases. From these genes, 12 (i.e., ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, EZH2, JAK2, KRAS, NRAS, SF3B1, RUNX1, SF3B1, SRSF2, TET2) have been recurrently reported to be mutated in SM. Because of all the above, assessment of multilineage involvement of haematopoiesis by the KIT D816V mutation, in the setting of multi-mutated haematopoiesis as revealed by a limited panel of genes (i.e., ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, EZH2, NRAS, RUNX1 and SRSF2) and associated with a poorer patient outcome, has become of great help to identify SM patients at higher risk of disease progression and/or poor survival who could benefit from closer follow-up and eventually also early cytoreductive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar González-López
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier I. Muñoz-González
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iván Álvarez-Twose
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast, Virgen del Valle Hospital) and REMA, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés C. García-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guenther C. β2-Integrins - Regulatory and Executive Bridges in the Signaling Network Controlling Leukocyte Trafficking and Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809590. [PMID: 35529883 PMCID: PMC9072638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is an essential process of immunity, occurring as leukocytes travel within the bloodstream and as leukocyte migration within tissues. While it is now established that leukocytes can utilize the mesenchymal migration mode or amoeboid migration mode, differences in the migratory behavior of leukocyte subclasses and how these are realized on a molecular level in each subclass is not fully understood. To outline these differences, first migration modes and their dependence on parameters of the extracellular environments will be explained, as well as the intracellular molecular machinery that powers migration in general. Extracellular parameters are detected by adhesion receptors such as integrins. β2-integrins are surface receptors exclusively expressed on leukocytes and are essential for leukocytes exiting the bloodstream, as well as in mesenchymal migration modes, however, integrins are dispensable for the amoeboid migration mode. Additionally, the balance of different RhoGTPases - which are downstream of surface receptor signaling, including integrins - mediate formation of membrane structures as well as actin dynamics. Individual leukocyte subpopulations have been shown to express distinct RhoGTPase profiles along with their differences in migration behavior, which will be outlined. Emerging aspects of leukocyte migration include signal transduction from integrins via actin to the nucleus that regulates DNA status, gene expression profiles and ultimately leukocyte migratory phenotypes, as well as altered leukocyte migration in tumors, which will be touched upon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Teegala LR, Elshoweikh Y, Gudneppanavar R, Thodeti S, Pokhrel S, Southard E, Thodeti CK, Paruchuri S. Protein Kinase C α and β compensate for each other to promote stem cell factor-mediated KIT phosphorylation, mast cell viability and proliferation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22273. [PMID: 35349200 PMCID: PMC9298465 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101838rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) develop from hematopoietic progenitors and differentiate into mature MCs that reside within connective or mucosal tissues. Though the number of MCs in tissues usually remains constant, inflammation and asthma disturb this homeostasis, leading to proliferation of MCs. Understanding the signaling events behind this proliferative response could lead to the development of novel strategies for better management of allergic diseases. MC survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration are all maintained by a MC growth factor, stem cell factor (SCF) via its receptor, KIT. Here, we explored how protein kinase C (PKC) redundancy influences MC proliferation in bone marrow‐derived MC (BMMC). We found that SCF activates PKCα and PKCβ isoforms, which in turn modulates KIT phosphorylation and internalization. Further, PKCα and PKCβ activate p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and this axis subsequently regulates SCF‐induced MC cell proliferation. To ascertain the individual roles of PKCα and PKCβ, we knocked down either PKCα or PKCβ or both via short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and analyzed KIT phosphorylation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and MC viability and proliferation. To our surprise, downregulation of neither PKCα nor PKCβ affected MC viability and proliferation. In contrast, blocking both PKCα and PKCβ significantly attenuated SCF‐induced cell viability and proliferation, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ compensate for each other downstream of SCF signaling to enhance MC viability and proliferation. Our results not only suggest that PKC classical isoforms are novel therapeutic targets for SCF/MC‐mediated inflammatory and allergic diseases, but they also emphasize the importance of inhibiting both PKCα and β isoforms simultaneously to prevent MC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayan Reddy Teegala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sabita Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik Southard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles K Thodeti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Germundson DL, Nagamoto-Combs K. Potential Role of Intracranial Mast Cells in Neuroinflammation and Neuropathology Associated with Food Allergy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040738. [PMID: 35203387 PMCID: PMC8870724 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are the major effector cells of allergic responses and reside throughout the body, including in the brain and meninges. Previously, we showed in a mouse model of subclinical cow's milk allergy that brain MC numbers were elevated in sensitized mice. However, the neurophysiological consequences of intracranial MC accumulation and activation are unclear. We hypothesized that centrally recruited MCs in sensitized mice could be activated by the allergen via the IgE/FcεRI mechanism and increase the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to promote neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we suspected that repeated allergen exposure could sustain MC activation. To investigate our hypothesis, we sensitized C57BL6/J mice to a bovine whey allergen, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), and subsequently placed them on a whey-containing diet for two weeks. MC activity and associated changes in the brain were examined. BLG-sensitized mice showed mobility changes and depression-like behavior with significantly increased MC numbers and histamine levels in select brain regions. IgG extravasation and perivascular astrogliosis were also evident. Importantly, myelin staining revealed cortical demyelination in the BLG-sensitized mice, suggesting a potential neural substrate for their behavioral changes. Our findings support the ability of brain MCs to release histamine and other mediators to increase BBB permeability and facilitate neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Germundson
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Graduate Program, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA;
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-701-777-2559
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parthasarathy G, Gadila SKG. Neuropathogenicity of non-viable Borrelia burgdorferi ex vivo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:688. [PMID: 35027599 PMCID: PMC8758786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Even after appropriate treatment, a proportion of Lyme disease patients suffer from a constellation of symptoms, collectively called Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS). Brain PET scan of patients with PTLDS have demonstrated likely glial activation indicating persistent neuroinflammatory processes. It is possible that unresolved bacterial remnants can continue to cause neuroinflammation. In previous studies, we have shown that non-viable Borrelia burgdorferi can induce neuroinflammation and apoptosis in an oligodendrocyte cell line. In this follow-up study, we analyze the effect of sonicated remnants of B. burgdorferi on primary rhesus frontal cortex (FC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants. Five FC and three DRG tissue fragments from rhesus macaques were exposed to sonicated B. burgdorferi and analyzed for 26 inflammatory mediators. Live bacteria and medium alone served as positive and negative control, respectively. Tissues were also analyzed for cell types mediating inflammation and overall apoptotic changes. Non-viable B. burgdorferi induced significant levels of several inflammatory mediators in both FC and DRG, similar to live bacteria. However, the levels induced by non-viable B. burgdorferi was often (several fold) higher than those induced by live ones, especially for IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2. This effect was also more profound in the FC than in the DRG. Although the levels often differed, both live and dead fragments induced the same mediators, with significant overlap between FC and DRG. In the FC, immunohistochemical staining for several inflammatory mediators showed the presence of multiple mediators in astrocytes, followed by microglia and oligodendrocytes, in response to bacterial remnants. Staining was also seen in endothelial cells. In the DRG, chemokine/cytokine staining was predominantly seen in S100 positive (glial) cells. B. burgdorferi remnants also induced significant levels of apoptosis in both the FC and DRG. Apoptosis was confined to S100 + cells in the DRG while distinct neuronal apoptosis was also detected in most FC tissues in response to sonicated bacteria. Non-viable B. burgdorferi can continue to be neuropathogenic to both CNS and PNS tissues with effects likely more profound in the former. Persistence of remnant-induced neuroinflammatory processes can lead to long term health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA. .,Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703, Three rivers Road, Room 109, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
| | - Shiva Kumar Goud Gadila
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Struffert M, Maier C, Neid M, Schäfer HL, Tannapfel A, Schmidt-Choudhury A. Duodenal mast cells and eosinophils in children with celiac disease: occurrence and distribution pattern. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:22-30. [PMID: 34618623 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1985601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize duodenal mast cell (MC) and eosinophil (EO) numbers, their distribution within the lamina propria and possible impact on disease severity of paediatric celiac patients compared to children without celiac disease (CD). METHODS We analysed duodenal samples of 215 children (109 CD, 106 controls) who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from 2010 to 2018. After immunohistochemical staining, average MC and EO counts were histologically examined in ten high-power-fields. Additionally, cell-distribution within the lamina propria was analysed. Possible influence of relevant clinical parameters was evaluated. STATISTICS Student's-t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square-test, ANOVA, significance-level <.05. Trial registration-number: DRKS00024669. RESULTS MC-density was higher in CD-patients compared to the control-group (23.7 (±12.1)/HPF versus 19.7 (±9.1)/HPF; p = .008), varying in number interindividually. Eosinophils were also increased in the duodenum of celiac patients (23.3 (±9.3)/HPF versus 12.2 (±6.3)/HPF; p= <.001). MCs were distributed more often homogenously in all parts of CD lamina propria (44 biopsies (40.4%), residing more distant from the intestinal lumen in controls (0 biopsies with homogenous distribution-pattern (0%); p= <.001). Regarding EOs no polarity was observable. Atopic diseases did not occur significantly more often in patients with elevated EO-counts. CONCLUSION MC- and EO-numbers were increased in the duodenum of CD-patients and MCs showed a different distribution-pattern in the lamina propria of celiac patients. These findings support the concept that both cell-types contribute to disease-pathogenesis. However, functional studies highlighting both cell-types' and their mediators' role regarding mucosal alterations during the course of the inflammatory process in celiac patients are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND URL DRKS00024669; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Struffert
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, St. Josef-Hospital, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Maier
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, St. Josef-Hospital, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Neid
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hannah-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, St. Josef-Hospital, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Anjona Schmidt-Choudhury
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, St. Josef-Hospital, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noto CN, Hoft SG, DiPaolo RJ. Mast Cells as Important Regulators in Autoimmunity and Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752350. [PMID: 34712668 PMCID: PMC8546116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are an essential part of the immune system and are best known as important modulators of allergic and anaphylactic immune responses. Upon activation, mast cells release a multitude of inflammatory mediators with various effector functions that can be both protective and damage-inducing. Mast cells can have an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory immunological effect and play important roles in regulating autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Importantly, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are linked to the development of specific cancers including pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Inflammatory mediators released from activated mast cells regulate immune responses and promote vascular permeability and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. Mast cells are present in increased numbers in tissues affected by autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor microenvironments where they co-localize with T regulatory cells and T effector cells. Mast cells can regulate immune responses by expressing immune checkpoint molecules on their surface, releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and promoting vascularization of solid tumor sites. As a result of these immune modulating activities, mast cells have disease-modifying roles in specific autoimmune diseases and cancers. Therefore, determining how to regulate the activities of mast cells in different inflammatory and tumor microenvironments may be critical to discovering potential therapeutic targets to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Basophils and Mast Cells in COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102754. [PMID: 34685733 PMCID: PMC8534912 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells are among the principal inducers of Th2 responses and have a crucial role in allergic and anti-parasitic protective immunity. Basophils can function as antigen-presenting cells that bind antigens on their surface and boost humoral immune responses, inducing Th2 cell differentiation. Their depletion results in lower humoral memory activation and greater infection susceptibility. Basophils seem to have an active role upon immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In fact, a coordinate adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is magnified by basophils. It has been observed that basophil amount is lower during acute disease with respect to the recovery phase and that the grade of this depletion is an important determinant of the antibody response to the virus. Moreover, mast cells, present in a great quantity in the nasal epithelial and lung cells, participate in the first immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Their activation results in a hyperinflammatory syndrome through the release of inflammatory molecules, participating to the “cytokine storm” and, in a longer period, inducing pulmonary fibrosis. The literature data suggest that basophil counts may be a useful prognostic tool for COVID-19, since their reduction is associated with a worse prognosis. Mast cells, on the other hand, represent a possible therapeutic target for reducing the airway inflammation characteristic of the hyperacute phase of the disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Effects of substrate stiffness on mast cell migration. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151178. [PMID: 34555639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play important roles in multiple pathologies, including fibrosis; however, their behaviors in different extracellular matrix (ECM) environments have not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, in this study, the migration of MCs on substrates with different stiffnesses was investigated using time-lapse video microscopy. Our results showed that MCs could appear in round, spindle, and star-like shapes; spindle-shaped cells accounted for 80-90 % of the total observed cells. The migration speed of round cells was significantly lower than that of cells with other shapes. Interestingly, spindle-shaped MCs migrated in a jiggling and wiggling motion between protrusions. The persistence index of MC migration was slightly higher on stiffer substrates. Moreover, we found that there was an intermediate optimal stiffness at which the migration efficiency was the highest. These findings may help to improve our understanding of MC-induced pathologies and the roles of MC migration in the immune system.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kovacs M, Alamón C, Maciel C, Varela V, Ibarburu S, Tarragó L, King PH, Si Y, Kwon Y, Hermine O, Barbeito L, Trias E. The pathogenic role of c-Kit+ mast cells in the spinal motor neuron-vascular niche in ALS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:136. [PMID: 34389060 PMCID: PMC8361844 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of motor neurons, glial cell reactivity, and vascular alterations in the CNS are important neuropathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immune cells trafficking from the blood also infiltrate the affected CNS parenchyma and contribute to neuroinflammation. Mast cells (MCs) are hematopoietic-derived immune cells whose precursors differentiate upon migration into tissues. Upon activation, MCs undergo degranulation with the ability to increase vascular permeability, orchestrate neuroinflammation and modulate the neuroimmune response. However, the prevalence, pathological significance, and pharmacology of MCs in the CNS of ALS patients remain largely unknown. In autopsy ALS spinal cords, we identified for the first time that MCs express c-Kit together with chymase, tryptase, and Cox-2 and display granular or degranulating morphology, as compared with scarce MCs in control cords. In ALS, MCs were mainly found in the niche between spinal motor neuron somas and nearby microvascular elements, and they displayed remarkable pathological abnormalities. Similarly, MCs accumulated in the motor neuron-vascular niche of ALS murine models, in the vicinity of astrocytes and motor neurons expressing the c-Kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF), suggesting an SCF/c-Kit-dependent mechanism of MC differentiation from precursors. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that fully differentiated MCs in cell cultures can be generated from the murine ALS spinal cord tissue, further supporting the presence of c-Kit+ MC precursors. Moreover, intravenous administration of bone marrow-derived c-Kit+ MC precursors infiltrated the spinal cord in ALS mice but not in controls, consistent with aberrant trafficking through a defective microvasculature. Pharmacological inhibition of c-Kit with masitinib in ALS mice reduced the MC number and the influx of MC precursors from the periphery. Our results suggest a previously unknown pathogenic mechanism triggered by MCs in the ALS motor neuron-vascular niche that might be targeted pharmacologically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Maciel
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Sofía Ibarburu
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucas Tarragó
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35295, USA
| | - Ying Si
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35295, USA
| | - Yuri Kwon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Imagine Institute, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer; AB Science; Department of Hematology, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre national de référence des mastocytoses (CEREMAST), Paris, France
| | - Luis Barbeito
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Emiliano Trias
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fischer V, Haffner-Luntzer M. Interaction between bone and immune cells: Implications for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 123:14-21. [PMID: 34024716 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and increased bone fracture risk largely resulting from significantly reduced levels of the hormone estrogen after menopause. Besides the direct negative effects of estrogen-deficiency on bone, indirect effects of altered immune status in postmenopausal women might contribute to ongoing bone destruction, as postmenopausal women often display a chronic low-grade inflammatory phenotype with altered cytokine expression and immune cell profile. In this context, it was previously shown that various immune cells interact with osteoblasts and osteoclasts either via direct cell-cell contact, or more likely via paracrine mechanisms. For example, specific subtypes of T lymphocytes express TNFα, which was shown to increase osteoblast apoptosis and to indirectly stimulate osteoclastogenesis via B cell-produced receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), thereby triggering bone loss during postmenopausal osteoporosis. Th17 cells release interleukin-17 (IL-17), which directs mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage, but also indirectly increases osteoclast differentiation. B lymphocytes are a major regulator of osteoclast formation via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor secretion and the RANKL/osteoprotegerin system under estrogen-deficient conditions. Macrophages might act differently on bone cells dependent on their polarization profile and their secreted paracrine factors, which might have implications for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis, because macrophage polarization is altered during disease progression. Likewise, neutrophils play an important role during bone homeostasis, but their over-activation under estrogen-deficient conditions contributes to osteoblast apoptosis via the release of reactive oxygen species and increased osteoclastogenesis via RANKL signaling. Furthermore, mast cells might be involved in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis, because they store high levels of osteoclastic mediators, including IL-6 and RANKL, in their granules and their numbers are greatly increased in osteoporotic bone. Additionally, bone fracture healing is altered under estrogen-deficient conditions with the increased presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and Midkine, which might contribute to healing disturbances. Consequently, in addition to the direct negative influence of estrogen-deficiency on bone, immune cell alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Systemic Mastocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094900. [PMID: 34063170 PMCID: PMC8125314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a type of myeloid neoplasm characterized by the clonal, neoplastic proliferation of morphologically and immunophenotypically abnormal mast cells that infiltrate one or more organ systems. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a more aggressive variant of mastocytosis with extracutaneous involvement, which might be associated with multi-organ dysfunction or failure and shortened survival. Over 80% of patients with SM carry the KIT D816V mutation. However, the KIT D816V mutation serves as a weak oncogene and appears to be a late event in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis. The management of SM is highly individualized and was largely palliative for patients without a targeted form of therapy in past decades. Targeted therapy with midostaurin, a multiple kinase inhibitor that inhibits KIT, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with advanced SM. This led to the recent approval of midostaurin by the United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. However, the overall survival of patients treated with midostaurin remains unsatisfactory. The identification of genetic and epigenetic alterations and understanding their interactions and the molecular mechanisms involved in mastocytosis is necessary to develop rationally targeted therapeutic strategies. This review briefly summarizes recent developments in the understanding of SM pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies for patients with SM.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mateus AP, Mourad M, Power DM. Skin damage caused by scale loss modifies the intestine of chronically stressed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103989. [PMID: 33385418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test if the damage caused by scale loss provokes a change in other innate immune barriers such as the intestine and how chronic stress affects this response. Sea bream (Sparus aurata) were kept in tanks at low density (16 kg m-3, LD) or exposed to a chronic high density (45 kg m-3, HD) stress for 4 weeks. Scales were then removed (approximately 50%) from the left flank in the LD and HD fish. Intestine samples (n = 8/group) were examined before and at 12 h, 3 days and 7 days after scale removal. Changes in the morphology of the intestine revealed that chronic stress and scale loss was associated with intestinal inflammation. Specifically, enterocyte height and the width of the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer were significantly increased (p < 0.05) 3 days after skin damage in fish under chronic stress (HD) compared to other treatments (LDWgut3d or HDgut0h). This was associated with a significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) in the intestine of gene transcripts for cell proliferation (pcna) and anti-inflammatory cytokine tgfβ1 and down-regulation of gene transcripts for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tnf-α and il1β (p < 0.05) in HD and LD fish 3 days after scale removal compared to the undamaged control (LDgut0h). Furthermore, a significant up-regulation of kit, a marker of mast cells, in the intestine of HDWgut3d and LDWgut3d fish suggests they may mediate the crosstalk between immune barriers. Skin damage induced an increase in cortisol levels in the anterior intestine in HDWgut12 h fish and significant (p < 0.05) down-regulation of mr expression, irrespective of stress. These results suggest glucocorticoid levels and signalling in the intestine of fish are modified by superficial cutaneous wounds and it likely modulates intestine inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Mona Mourad
- Laboratory of Fish Reproduction and Spawning, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Kayet-bey, Al-Anfoushy, 21556, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lazki-Hagenbach P, Klein O, Sagi-Eisenberg R. The actin cytoskeleton and mast cell function. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:27-33. [PMID: 33765561 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of high and super-resolution microscopy techniques has extended the possibilities of studying actin dynamics in mast cells (MCs). These studies demonstrated the close correlation between actin-driven changes in cell morphology and the functions that MC perform during their life cycle. Dynamic conversions between actin polymerization and depolymerization support MC degranulation and leading to the release of the preformed, secretory granule (SG)-contained, inflammatory mediators. Cell flattening inflicting an actin porous geometry and clearing of cortical actin, characterize the secretory actin phenotype. In contrast, pericentral actin clusters, that entrap the SGs, characterize the migratory actin phenotype, which supports MC migration, but restricts MC degranulation. Multiple actin binding and actin interacting proteins regulate these actin rearrangements, in compliance with the signals elicited by the respective activating receptors. Here, we review recent findings on the interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and MC migration and degranulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lazki-Hagenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Campanile G, Baruselli PS, Limone A, D'Occhio MJ. Local action of cytokines and immune cells in communication between the conceptus and uterus during the critical period of early embryo development, attachment and implantation - Implications for embryo survival in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2021; 167:1-12. [PMID: 33743503 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early embryo development, implantation and pregnancy involve a complex dialogue between the embryo and mother. In cattle this dialogue starts as early as days 3-4 when the embryo is still in the oviduct, and it continues to implantation. Immunological processes involving cytokines, mast cells and macrophages form an important part of this dialogue. Amongst the cytokines, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) are secreted by both the embryo and uterine endometrium and form part of an ongoing and reciprocating dialogue. Mast cells and macrophages populate the uterine endometrium during embryo development and are involved in achieving the correct balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions at the uterus that are associated with embryo attachment and implantation. Embryo loss is the major cause of reproductive wastage in cattle, and livestock generally. A deeper understanding of immunological processes during early embryo development will help to achieve the next step change in the efficiency of natural and assisted breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Limone
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Use of biologics in chronic spontaneous urticaria - beyond omalizumab therapy? Allergol Select 2021; 5:89-95. [PMID: 33615122 PMCID: PMC7890936 DOI: 10.5414/alx02204e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), itchy wheals, angioedema, or both occur regularly, often daily, and for years. An effective therapy for CSU aims at achieving complete symptom control. The current guideline for the management of CSU patients recommends non-sedative anthistamines in standard or up to 4-fold higher dosages as 1 and 2 line treatment. For most CSU patients this treatment is not sufficient; for them, the anti-IgE antibody omalizumab is the therapy of choice. Although good to very good symptom control can be achieved in most cases, there are many patients with insufficient response. For these patients, but also as an alternative to therapy with omalizumab, numerous other biologicals are currently under development. In this review, we provide an overview of possible future biologic therapies for chronic urticaria.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sandhu JK, Kulka M. Decoding Mast Cell-Microglia Communication in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031093. [PMID: 33499208 PMCID: PMC7865982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in immune surveillance and maintenance of neuronal health. Mast cells are also important resident immune cells of the CNS but they are underappreciated and understudied. Both microglia and mast cells are endowed with an array of signaling receptors that recognize microbes and cellular damage. As cellular sensors and effectors in the CNS, they respond to many CNS perturbations and have been implicated in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Mast cells contain numerous secretory granules packaged with a plethora of readily available and newly synthesized compounds known as 'mast cell mediators'. Mast cells act as 'first responders' to a pathogenic stimuli and respond by degranulation and releasing these mediators into the extracellular milieu. They alert other glial cells, including microglia to initiate neuroinflammatory processes that culminate in the resolution of injury. However, failure to resolve the pathogenic process can lead to persistent activation, release of pro-inflammatory mediators and amplification of neuroinflammatory responses, in turn, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and demise. This review discusses the current understanding of the molecular conversation between mast cells and microglia in orchestrating immune responses during two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here we also survey the potential emerging therapeutic approaches targeting common pathways in mast cells and microglia to extinguish the fire of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep K. Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +1-613-993-5304 (J.K.S.); +1-780-641-1687 (M.K.)
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +1-613-993-5304 (J.K.S.); +1-780-641-1687 (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ding C, Guo Y, Liang T, Liu J, Yang L, Wang T, Liu X, Kang Q. Protein 4.1R negatively regulates P815 cells proliferation by inhibiting C-Kit-mediated signal transduction. Exp Cell Res 2021; 398:112403. [PMID: 33271128 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of mast cells (MCs) plays a crucial role in either physiological or pathological progression of human physical. C-Kit-mediated signaling pathway has been confirmed to play a key role in MCs proliferation, and the regulatory mechanisms of C-Kit-mediated MCs proliferation need to be further explored. Our previous study found that protein 4.1R could negatively regulate T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signal pathways in CD4+ T cells. Little is known about the function of 4.1R in C-Kit-mediated proliferation of MCs. In this study, P815-4.1R-/- cells were constructed by using CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Lack of 4.1R significantly enhanced P815 cells proliferation by accelerating the progression of cell cycle. 4.1R could also significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms of systemic mastocytosis (SM) and improve the overall survival of SM mice. Further study showed that 4.1R could interact directly with C-Kit to inhibit the activation of C-Kit-mediated Ras-Raf-MAPKs and PI3K-AKT signal pathways. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that protein 4.1R, a novel negative regulator, negatively regulates MCs proliferation by inhibiting C-Kit-mediated signal transduction, which maybe provide a potential target to the prevention and treatment of abnormal MCs proliferation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yuying Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Taotao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Willows S, Kulka M. Harnessing the Power of Mast Cells in unconventional Immunotherapy Strategies and Vaccine Adjuvants. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122713. [PMID: 33352850 PMCID: PMC7766453 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are long-lived, granular, myeloid-derived leukocytes that have significant protective and repair functions in tissues. Mast cells sense disruptions in the local microenvironment and are first responders to physical, chemical and biological insults. When activated, mast cells release growth factors, proteases, chemotactic proteins and cytokines thereby mobilizing and amplifying the reactions of the innate and adaptive immune system. Mast cells are therefore significant regulators of homeostatic functions and may be essential in microenvironmental changes during pathogen invasion and disease. During infection by helminths, bacteria and viruses, mast cells release antimicrobial factors to facilitate pathogen expulsion and eradication. Mast cell-derived proteases and growth factors protect tissues from insect/snake bites and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Finally, mast cells release mediators that promote wound healing in the inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling stages. Since mast cells have such a powerful repertoire of functions, targeting mast cells may be an effective new strategy for immunotherapy of disease and design of novel vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we will examine how certain strategies that specifically target and activate mast cells can be used to treat and resolve infections, augment vaccines and heal wounds. Although these strategies may be protective in certain circumstances, mast cells activation may be deleterious if not carefully controlled and any therapeutic strategy using mast cell activators must be carefully explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Willows
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada;
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-641-1687
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pastwińska J, Żelechowska P, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Dastych J. The Art of Mast Cell Adhesion. Cells 2020; 9:E2664. [PMID: 33322506 PMCID: PMC7764012 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is one of the basic phenomena occurring in a living organism, affecting many other processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, or cell viability. Mast cells (MCs) are important elements involved in defending the host against various pathogens and regulating inflammatory processes. Due to numerous mediators, they are contributing to the modulation of many basic cellular processes in a variety of cells, including the expression and functioning of different adhesive molecules. They also express themselves many adhesive proteins, including ICAM-1, ICAM-3, VCAM-1, integrins, L-selectin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. These molecules enable MCs to interact with other cells and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), creating structures such as adherens junctions and focal adhesion sites, and triggering a signaling cascade. A thorough understanding of these cellular mechanisms can create a better understanding of MC biology and reveal new goals for MC targeted therapy. This review will focus on the current knowledge of adhesion mechanisms with the involvement of MCs. It also provides insight into the influence of MCs or MC-derived mediators on the adhesion molecule expression in different cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.P.); (A.W.-D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.Ż.); (E.B.-B.)
| | - Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.Ż.); (E.B.-B.)
| | - Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.P.); (A.W.-D.)
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.Ż.); (E.B.-B.)
| | - Jarosław Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.P.); (A.W.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Martin HC, Derakhshan T, Dwyer DF. Insights into mast cell hyperplasia in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease from transcriptional profiling of polyp mast cells. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 126:120-121. [PMID: 33161153 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Martin
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tahereh Derakhshan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saxena S, Singh A, Singh P. Tumor associated mast cells: biological roles and therapeutic applications. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:245-251. [PMID: 32879056 PMCID: PMC7527126 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage and are present in connective tissues throughout the body. The activation and degranulation of MCs significantly modulates many aspects of physiological and pathological conditions in various settings. Recent data have expanded the concept that inflammation is a critical component for tumor progression. Interestingly, three of the most aggressive human cancers, malignant melanoma, breast carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma, are commonly associated with a marked host response comprising of various inflammatory cells, but especially MCs around the tumor periphery. A systematic review of the literature was performed based on the English titles listed in the PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, Science Direct, ISI web Science, and SciELO databases using the keywords. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of MCs in tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Saxena
- Department of Oral Pathology, RUHS College of Dental Sciences (Government Dental College), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Leukotriene D 4 role in allergic asthma pathogenesis from cellular and therapeutic perspectives. Life Sci 2020; 260:118452. [PMID: 32956660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory and allergic disease that is mainly characterized by reversible airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The incidence of asthma is increasing with more than 350 million people worldwide are affected. Up to now, there is no therapeutic option for asthma and most of the prescribed drugs aim to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease especially during the acute exacerbations after trigger exposure. Asthma is a heterogonous disease that involves interactions between inflammatory mediators and cellular components within the disease microenvironment including inflammatory and structural cells. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are inflammatory lipid mediators that have potent roles in asthma pathogenesis. CysLTs consisting of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are mainly secreted by leukocytes and act through three main G-protein coupled receptors (CysLT1R, CysLT2R, and CysLT3R). LTD4 is the most potent bronchoconstrictor which gives it the priority to be discussed in detail in this review. LTD4 binds with high affinity to CysLT1R and many studies showed that using CysLT1R antagonists such as montelukast has a beneficial effect for asthmatics especially in corticosteroid refractory cases. Since asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of many cell types involved in the disease pathogenies and LTD4 has a special role in inflammation and bronchoconstriction, this review highlights the role of LTD4 on each cellular component in asthma and the benefits of using CysLT1R antagonists in ameliorating LTD4-induced effects.
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang Z, Babina M. MRGPRX2 signals its importance in cutaneous mast cell biology: Does MRGPRX2 connect mast cells and atopic dermatitis? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1104-1111. [PMID: 32866307 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of MRGPRX2 marks an important change in MC biology, explaining non-IgE-mediated clinical phenomena relying on MCs. As receptor for multiple drugs, MRGPRX2 is crucial to drug-induced hypersensitivity. However, not only drugs, but also endogenous mediators like neuropeptides and host defense peptides activate MRGPRX2, suggesting its broad impact in cutaneous pathophysiology. Here, we give a brief overview of MRGPRX2 and its regulation by microenvironmental stimuli, which support MCs and can be altered in skin disorders, and briefly touch on the functional programs elicited by MRGPRX2 ligation. Studies in Mrgprb2-deficient mice (the murine ortholog) help illuminate MRGPRX2's function in health and disease. Recent advances in this model support the long-suspected operational unit between MCs and nerves, with MRGPRX2 being a vital component. Based on the limited evidence for a major contribution of FcεRI/IgE-activated MCs to atopic dermatitis (AD), we develop the hypothesis that MRGPRX2 constitutes the missing link connecting MCs and AD, at least in selected endotypes. Support comes from the multifold changes in the MC-neuronal system of AD skin (eg greater density of MCs and closer connections between MCs and nerves, increased PAR-2/Substance P). We theorize that these deregulations suffice to initiate AD, but external triggers, many of which activating MRGPRX2 themselves (eg Staphylococcus aureus) further feed into the loop. Itch, the most burdensome hallmark of AD, is mostly non-histaminergic but tryptase-dependent, and tryptase is preferentially released upon MRGPRX2 activation. Because MRGPRX2 is a very active research field, some of the existing gaps are likely to be closed soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sammarco G, Gallo G, Vescio G, Picciariello A, De Paola G, Trompetto M, Currò G, Ammendola M. Mast Cells, microRNAs and Others: The Role of Translational Research on Colorectal Cancer in the Forthcoming Era of Precision Medicine. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092852. [PMID: 32899322 PMCID: PMC7564551 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, molecularly and anatomically, that develops in a multi-step process requiring the accumulation of several genetic or epigenetic mutations that lead to the gradual transformation of normal mucosa into cancer. In fact, tumorigenesis is extremely complex, with many immunologic and non-immunologic factors present in the tumor microenvironment that can influence tumorigenesis. In the last few years, a role for mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B (BRAF) in cancer development and progression has been suggested, and numerous efforts have been made to thoroughly assess their correlation with CRC to improve patient survival and quality of life. The identification of easily measurable, non-invasive and cost-effective biomarkers, the so-called "ideal biomarkers", for CRC screening and treatment remains a high priority. The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging role of mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), KRAS and BRAF as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, evaluating their influence as potential therapy targets in the forthcoming era of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-32-8438-5222
| | - Giuseppina Vescio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Arcangelo Picciariello
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Piazza G Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gilda De Paola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Mario Trompetto
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, S. Rita Clinic, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|