1
|
Roxner R, Hallberg U, Berlin H, Klingberg G. Undergraduate dental students' perceptions of dental pain in children - A grounded theory study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:797-805. [PMID: 38581212 DOI: 10.1111/eje.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an underuse of pain management strategies in dental care for children, possibly owing to perceived stress and discomfort when treating children, which has also been reported by dental students. The aim of this study was to explore how undergraduate dental students experience and understand pain related to dental treatment in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interviews were held with 21 Swedish dental students, from 3 dental schools, all in their final 2 years of education. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to Grounded Theory. RESULTS A core category, seeking guidance to avoid pain, was identified and related to 6 conceptual categories. The students used different strategies to manage pain prevention in child dentistry and to become skilled dentists. They described high levels of stress, as well as having high expectations on themselves when treating children. The stress led to a surface learning approach, something the students were not fully aware of. CONCLUSION All children should have the right to be ensured optimal pain prevention in dental care. The basis for this is laid during undergraduate education. Thus, pain management in child dentistry is an area in need of special attention in this respect. The academic staff has an important role in supporting their students in their process to gain an identity as professional dentists. To ensure that students incorporate an understanding of the importance of pain prevention when treating children there is a need to create more integration between theory and clinical training in undergraduate education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Roxner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Hallberg
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henrik Berlin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Klingberg
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsironis C, Tatsis F, Konstanti Z, Mentis M, Stolakis K, Kotsia V, Mantzoukas S, Dragioti E, Gouva M. Resilience and Self-Compassion: Shields Against Age-Related Declines in Oral Health and Shame. Cureus 2024; 16:e66565. [PMID: 39252728 PMCID: PMC11382438 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the complex relationships between demographic factors, oral health indicators, self-compassion, and psychological well-being among elderly individuals by using a path model analysis. Methods The findings of this cross-sectional study are derived from data collected from a sample of 204 patients, including 120 females and 84 males, aged between 60 and 92 years, with an average age of 74.2 years (SD = 7.1). Participants took part in assessments including the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) to measure oral health (physical function, psychosocial function, pain/discomfort), self-compassion scale, and measures of shame and "other as shamer" experiences. Demographic information including age and gender was also collected. Path analysis was employed to examine the direct and indirect effects of demographic variables, oral health indicators, and self-compassion on psychological well-being. Results Older age was consistently associated with poorer oral health outcomes across all GOHAI oral health subscales. However, resilience and self-compassion appear to exert a correspondingly large positive influence, neutralizing the negative effects of increasing age on physical and psychosocial aspects of oral health-related quality of life. Additionally, resilience was positively associated with better physical and psychosocial function related to oral health while oral health was confirmed to be related to internal and external (social) shame. However, resilience and self-compassion outperformed oral health as far as their effect on internal and external (social) shame is concerned. Gender had minimal effects on most outcome variables. Conclusions The findings underscore the importance of addressing both physical and psychological aspects of health in elderly care and oral health interventions. By promoting psychological resilience and self-compassion, healthcare providers can potentially enhance oral health-related quality of life and overall well-being among elderly populations. Our results also highlight that promoting social and leisure activities may be a means of improving mental well-being, enhancing oral health outcomes, and reducing shame-related distress among elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Tsironis
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Fotios Tatsis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Zoe Konstanti
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Manolis Mentis
- Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Patra, GRC
| | - Konstantinos Stolakis
- Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Patra, GRC
| | - Vasiliki Kotsia
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Stefanos Mantzoukas
- Research Laboratory Integrated Care, Health and Well-Being, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Mary Gouva
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bermúdez-Bejarano E, Bermúdez-Sánchez JA, Ruiz-Rey FJ, Baus-Domínguez M, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D. Influence of Education on Dental Anxiety and Fear in Mental Disorders after Viewing a Molar Extraction in Three Types of Mental Disorder Compared to Persons with No Mental Disorder. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3868. [PMID: 38999434 PMCID: PMC11242361 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study is to validate the psychometric properties of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and the Dental Fear Scale (DFS) at three different times: seven days before, immediately after, and seven days after watching a video of surgical extraction of a lower third molar in a sample with four strata: anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and no mental disorder ages 18-70 in a psychiatric clinic in Malaga. Methods: The Research Ethics Committee of the Virgen Macarena-Virgen del Rocío Hospitals approved the study. After being interviewed by a psychiatrist and subsequently completing the Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety and Depression, the participants were divided into 4 strata (60 persons in each). The influence of education level was then analyzed. Results: The scales demonstrated good psychometric properties, with higher MDAS and DFS scores for lower levels of education and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. Conclusions: Patients who show higher levels of dental anxiety and dental fear will be those with lower education levels, as well as those who suffer from mixed anxiety-depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bermúdez-Bejarano
- Stomatology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sevilla University, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (M.B.-D.); (J.-L.G.-P.); (D.T.-L.)
| | | | - Francisco-José Ruiz-Rey
- Department of Didactics of Mathematics, Didactics of Social Sciences and Experimental Sciences, Avda. Cervantes, 2, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - María Baus-Domínguez
- Stomatology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sevilla University, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (M.B.-D.); (J.-L.G.-P.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - María-Ángeles Serrera-Figallo
- Stomatology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sevilla University, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (M.B.-D.); (J.-L.G.-P.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - José-Luis Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Stomatology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sevilla University, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (M.B.-D.); (J.-L.G.-P.); (D.T.-L.)
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Virgen del Rocio Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- Stomatology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sevilla University, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (M.B.-D.); (J.-L.G.-P.); (D.T.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aardal V, Willumsen T, Evensen KB. Differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life among dental anxiety patients with and without reported abuse experience. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12976. [PMID: 38305706 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life between people with dental anxiety who reported abuse experience (n = 60) and people with dental anxiety who did not report abuse experience (n = 97). Both groups attended a dental service focused on the treatment of dental anxiety intended for people with a history of physiological or psychological trauma, or odontophobia. The participants responded to a questionnaire that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP), and the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+ ). The differences between groups were tested for statistical significance using Welch's T-tests, and linear regression was used to adjust for gender. The participants with reported abuse experience expressed greater psychological symptoms of anxiety and poorer oral health-related quality of life. The participants with reported abuse experience also expressed a higher fear of losing control, as well as feeling shame and disgust. This study shows that individuals with dental anxiety and a history of abuse may face more complex challenges than those with dental anxiety and no history of abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Aardal
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril Willumsen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xing F, Zhang TT, Yang Z, Qu M, Shi X, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Xing N. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and a dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination for reducing dental anxiety in preschool children undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:569-575. [PMID: 38065480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental anxiety is a widespread complication occurring in pediatric patients during dental visits and may lead to undesirable complications. Esketamine may be effective in anxiety. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of premedication with a dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination compared with dexmedetomidine alone on dental anxiety in preschool children undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia. METHODS This is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 84 patients were scheduled for elective outpatient dental caries treatment under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly premedicated with intranasal dexmedetomidine (group D) or intranasal dexmedetomidine-esketamine (group DS). The primary outcome was the level of dental anxiety assessed by the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) at 2 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included level of dental anxiety at 1 day and 7 days after surgery, the incidence of dental anxiety at 2 h, 1 day, and 7 days after surgery, sedation onset time, overall success of sedation, acceptance of mask induction, postoperative pain intensity, incidence of emergence agitation in PACU, adverse reactions, HR, and SpO2 before premedication (baseline) and at 10, 20, and 30 min after the end of study drug delivery. RESULTS The dental anxiety in group DS was lower than that in group D at 2 h, 1 day, and 7 days postoperatively (P = 0.04, 0.004, and 0.006, respectively). The incidences of dental anxiety in group DS were lower than those in group D at 2 h (53 % vs 76 %, P = 0.03), 1 day (47 % vs 71 %, P = 0.04), and 7 days (44 % vs 71 %, P = 0.02) after surgery. Group DS had a higher success rate of sedation (P = 0.03) but showed a lower MAS score (P = 0.005) and smoother hemodynamics (P < 0.01) after drug administration than group D. Group DS showed a significantly lower incidence rate of emergence agitation (P = 0.03) and postoperative pain intensity (P = 0.006) than that in group D during the anesthesia recovery time. The occurrence of adverse reactions was similar in both groups (P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS We did not analyze and correct for the learning effect caused by repeated applications of the MCDAS and MCDAS scores on the 1 day after surgery were obtained by telephone follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Compared to premedication with dexmedetomidine alone, premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine combined with esketamine could significantly improve dental anxiety in preschool children undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Tong-Tong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhihu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Mingcui Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaoshan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yanna Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-Torres A, Camps-Font O, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellón E. Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the consultation and relational empathy measure in dental students (Sp-Dent-CARE): A cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:267-274. [PMID: 37649221 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An evaluation was made of the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (CARE) to assess relational empathy in undergraduate dental students. In addition, the influence of demographic, socio-economic and consultation-related factors upon the degree of perceived empathy and overall satisfaction was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients seen in the Oral Surgery Unit by fourth year dental students. Dentists, specialized translators and psychologists developed the translation of the questionnaire. After a pilot test, a convenience sample of patients was included. Construct validity was tested by factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser standardization, and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α. RESULTS Two pilot tests were carried out with a panel of experts until the final version of the questionnaire was established. In the validation stage, 191 patients participated (92 men and 99 women), with a mean age of 52.5 ± 17 years. The mean score of the CARE measure was 47.2 ± 4.4, and 57.6% of the patients (n = 110) reported the maximum score on the questionnaire. The final version showed a 1-factor solution explaining 68.6% of the total variance, with excellent final internal consistency (α = 93.4%). CONCLUSION The Spanish version of the CARE measure affords high reliability and validity in assessing relational empathy in dental students. Perceived empathy is related to overall satisfaction. Patient demographics and the number of visits do not influence perceived empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBELL Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavi Camps-Font
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBELL Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Figueiredo
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBELL Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBELL Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sadjadpour F, Hosseinichimeh N, Pahel BT, Metcalf SS. Systems mapping of multilevel factors contributing to dental caries in adolescents. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 4:1285347. [PMID: 38356905 PMCID: PMC10864617 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease among adolescents. Caries activity increases significantly during adolescence due to an increase in susceptible tooth surfaces, immature permanent tooth enamel, independence in pursuing self-care, and a tendency toward poor diet and oral hygiene. Dental caries in permanent teeth is more prevalent among adolescents in low-income families and racial/ethnic minority groups, and these disparities in adolescent dental caries experience have persisted for decades. Several conceptual and data-driven models have proposed unidirectional mechanisms that contribute to the extant disparities in adolescent dental caries experience. Our objective, using a literature review, is to provide an overview of risk factors contributing to adolescent dental caries. Specifically, we map the interactive relationships of multilevel factors that influence dental caries among adolescents. Such interactive multilevel relationships more closely reflect the complex nature of dental caries experience among the adolescent population. The methods that we use are two-fold: (1) a literature review using PubMed and Cochrane databases to find contributing factors; and (2) the system dynamics approach for mapping feedback mechanisms underlying adolescent dental caries through causal loop diagramming. The results of this study, based on the review of 138 articles, identified individual, family and community-level factors and their interactions contributing to dental caries experience in adolescents. Our results also provide hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying persistence of dental caries among adolescents. Conclusions Our findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the multilevel and interconnected factors that shape the persistence of dental caries experience among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Sadjadpour
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Niyousha Hosseinichimeh
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Bhavna T. Pahel
- Private Practice of Pediatric Dentistry in Easley and Anderson, Easley, SC, United States
| | - Sara S. Metcalf
- Department of Geography, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kurki P, Korhonen M, Honkalampi K, Lahti S, Suominen AL. The use of dental anxiety management techniques during one-session treatment: a study on five video-recorded patient cases. Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 82:55-65. [PMID: 37747276 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2258957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine what kinds of dental anxiety management techniques dentists use in the context of one-session treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data consisted of videotaped treatment sessions for five dentally anxious adults. The treatment was conducted by two experienced dentists without formal training in the treatment of dentally anxious patients or behavioral management techniques. Theory-driven qualitative content analysis, based on the anxiety management classification of Milgrom et al. was used to identify and classify the techniques used during the treatments. RESULTS Altogether, diverse categories of dental anxiety management techniques were identified under the main themes of enhancing trust and control and psychological management. Techniques that fell into enhancing trust and control included the categories of 'building a trustful relationship', 'informational control', and 'behavioral control'. These techniques were used consistently throughout the sessions. Additionally, psychological management techniques were identified and classified as 'behavioral strategies: relaxing the body' and 'cognitive strategies: relaxing the mind', which were regularly used in specific situations. CONCLUSION The results indicate that a variety of dental anxiety management techniques were used during one-session treatments. The findings provide valuable insights for dentists in managing their patients with dental anxiety and improving their overall treatment experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Kurki
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija Korhonen
- Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Joensuu, University of Eastern, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Joensuu, University of Eastern, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Doughty J, Macdonald ME, Muirhead V, Freeman R. Oral health-related stigma: Describing and defining a ubiquitous phenomenon. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:1078-1083. [PMID: 37462247 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the fourth of a series of narrative reviews to critically rethink underexplored concepts in oral health research. The series commenced with an initial commissioned framework of Inclusion Oral Health, which spawned further exploration into the social forces that undergird social exclusion and othering. The second review challenged unidimensional interpretations of the causes of inequality by bringing intersectionality theory to oral health. The third exposed how language, specifically labels, can perpetuate and (re)produce vulnerability by eclipsing the agency and power of vulnerabilised populations. In this fourth review, we revisit othering, depicted in the concept of stigma. We specifically define and conceptualize oral health-related stigma, bringing together prior work on stigma to advance the robustness and utility of this theory for oral health research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Doughty
- NIHR Clinical Lecturer, School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M E Macdonald
- Clinical Reader and Honorary Consultant in Dental Public Health, Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - V Muirhead
- J&W Murphy Foundation Endowed Chair in Palliative Care Research. Professor, Division of Palliative Medicine. Nova Scotia Health Affiliate Scientist (Research). Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - R Freeman
- Past co-director Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Winkler CH, Bjelopavlovic M, Lehmann KM, Petrowski K, Irmscher L, Berth H. Impact of Dental Anxiety on Dental Care Routine and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in a German Adult Population-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5291. [PMID: 37629334 PMCID: PMC10455740 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between dental anxiety and the establishment of a consistent dental care routine has been an ongoing challenge. Unfortunately, there is limited available data concerning the detailed dental care practices of individuals with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study aims to explore how dental anxiety influences dental care habits and oral-health-related quality of life within an adult population. By utilizing the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the German Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G5), we assessed their extent. To evaluate the differences, we performed analyses of variance (Anova), an independent t-test and rank correlation. The findings of this study unveil a significant correlation between elevated DAS scores and reduced frequency of tooth brushing; calculus removal and appointments for professional teeth cleaning. Interestingly; the use of dental floss and mouthwash solution as well as toothbrush hardness appeared to be not significantly affected by dental fear. Moreover, individuals with dental anxiety demonstrated a preference for manual toothbrushes over electric ones. In addition, higher DAS scores were found to be strongly associated with greater OHIP-G5 scores, thus leading to a substantial decline in overall oral health-related quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. Winkler
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.H.W.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Monika Bjelopavlovic
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.H.W.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Karl M. Lehmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.H.W.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Lisa Irmscher
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Research Group Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany (H.B.)
| | - Hendrik Berth
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Research Group Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kankaala T, Rajavaara P, Kestilä M, Väisänen M, Vähänikkilä H, Laitala ML, Anttonen V. Methods Helping Dentists to Detect Dental Fear. Int Dent J 2023; 73:228-234. [PMID: 35918206 PMCID: PMC10023586 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental fear is common and yet often remains unrecognised. COVID-19 has challenged health care since 2020. This study aimed to evaluate patients' self-reported dental fear and detection of dental fear by the dentists. Another aim was to validate a colour code instrument for estimating dental fear. The influence of COVID-19 on fear and attendance was assessed. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the primary urgent dental care of Oulu, Finland, in spring 2020 and 2021 after the first (T1) and third waves (T2) of the pandemic. Data were obtained for analyses using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Facial Image Scale (FIS), and a new "traffic light" colour code for dental fear (CCF). The influence of COVID-19 on dental fear and attendance was assessed with structured and open-ended questions. The questionnaires were completed by 273 anonymous participants. RESULTS Of the participants, 167 (61.2%) visited dental care during T1 and 106 (38.8%) during T2. Their mean age was 45.1 years. An MDAS score of 19 or above, indicating severe fear, was reported by 10.6% of the participants. Of those with severe dental fear, 87% chose the red colour in the CCF "traffic light" system. The association between dentists' and participants' estimation of dental fear was weak (P < .001) and agreement with the red code was nonexistent (Cohen's kappa value = -0.035). MDAS scores of the younger participants were higher than those of the older ones after the first wave (T1) (P = .021). COVID-19 had the strongest influence on dental attendance and dental fear of those having the most severe self-reported dental fear as measured by the MDAS. CONCLUSIONS Colour-coded traffic lights seem valid for screening severe dental fear and are easy and quick to use. They could be useful tools especially since recognising dental fear seems difficult for dentists. The COVID-19 pandemic has complicated dental care for the most fearful individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taina Kankaala
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Paediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; Dental Teaching Unit, City of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Päivi Rajavaara
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Paediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; Dental Teaching Unit, City of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital
| | - Maria Kestilä
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Paediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Väisänen
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Paediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Vähänikkilä
- Biostatistician Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Laitala
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Paediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Paediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uziel N, Meyerson J, Kuskasy M, Gilon E, Eli I. The Influence of Family Milieu on Dental Anxiety in Adolescents—A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062174. [PMID: 36983175 PMCID: PMC10051046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents play a significant role in the development of dental anxiety in their adolescent children. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the influence of family milieu on adolescents’ dental anxiety. The level of dental anxiety (Dental Anxiety Scale—DAS) was evaluated in 100 adolescent dental patients (ages 13–18 years) and their parents. Parents supplied information about family demographics and their personal experiences of dental treatment. Concomitantly, the family’s behavior was observed during the dental encounter. The adolescents’ mean DAS score was 9.83 ± 2.05. Adolescents’ DAS was higher when their parents’ memories from their own dental encounters were negative. A positive correlation was found between adolescents’ dental anxiety and that of their father (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and mother (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). The following variables showed a significant ability to predict adolescents’ dental anxiety (stepwise regression): mother’s DAS (B = 0.57), adolescent’s behavior at the dental visit (B = 0.87), being the firstborn child (B = −0.44), father’s DAS (B = 0.13), and mother’s level of education (B = −0.10). The results showed that intra-family relationships and behavior, parents’ education, dental fear, and memories from previous treatments play an important role in defining the level of dental anxiety in their adolescent children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Uziel
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph Meyerson
- The Department of Master of Arts in Medical Psychology, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emeq Yezreel 1930600, Israel
| | - Moataz Kuskasy
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Efrat Gilon
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ilana Eli
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Höglund M, Wårdh I, Shahnavaz S, Berterö C. Dental clinicians recognizing signs of dental anxiety: a grounded theory study. Acta Odontol Scand 2022:1-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2154263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Höglund
- Centre for Orofacial Medicine, Public Dental Service Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Inger Wårdh
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Center of Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Shervin Shahnavaz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Centre for Psychotherapy Education & Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Berterö
- Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park SR, Park SH, Cho KM, Kim JW, Kim HC. Patient discomfort levels during instrumentation procedure using nickel-titanium files with different kinetic movements. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:372-379. [PMID: 34813131 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the perceived vibration, noise and discomfort levels associated with two nickel-titanium file systems with different kinetics; reciprocating motion (REC) using WaveOne Gold and continuous rotation motion (CON) using ProTaper NEXT. Forty roots with two canals from maxillary premolar and molar of 40 patients were included. Root canals were instrumented using each system for each canal. Patients were surveyed about the vibration, noise and discomfort experienced using visual analogue scale, and their preference. The responses were statistically analysed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation test at the 95% of significance level. The vibration, noise and discomfort experienced were significantly greater in REC than CON (P < 0.05). In REC, male subjects reported significantly higher vibration than female (P < 0.05). Majority respondents (72.5%) preferred the CON method. The perceived vibration, noise and discomfort were less apparent from the CON than the REC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Se-Hee Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agrawal A, Rathi NV, Thosar NR. A Comparative Evaluation of the Anxiolytic Effect of Oral Midazolam and a Homeopathic Remedy in Children During Dental Treatment. Cureus 2022; 14:e31041. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
16
|
Kayaaltı-Yüksek S, Yıldırım S. Effect of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5979-5988. [PMID: 35834000 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, and observational study was conducted with 60 children, aged 8-12, who were recruited to high dental anxiety level (HDAL) and low dental anxiety level (LDAL) groups. Both groups were divided into two equal subgroups (with or without Mozart's music). In the Mozart's music subgroups, children were exposed to Mozart's Sonata for 7 min and toothbrushing training was given accompanied by music. The training was instructed to the second subgroup without listening to Mozart's music. The periodontal measurements were repeated after 15 days. Three-factor variance analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores in the follow-up visits for all groups (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease was found in PI values between groups with or without music in those with HDAL (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between groups with or without music in those with LDAL (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Listening to Mozart's music before toothbrushing training had a significant effect on plaque removal in children with high dental anxiety, while Mozart's music did not have a positive effect in the group with low dental anxiety. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of Mozart's music may be beneficial in oral hygiene education for children with high dental anxiety levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kayaaltı-Yüksek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Yıldırım
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kankaala T, Kaakinen P, Anttonen V. Self‐reported factors for improving patient's dental care: A pilot study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1284-1294. [PMID: 35775664 PMCID: PMC9562830 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patient‐centered approach can offer valuable information in improving dental care, but literature is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate self‐reported factors beneficial for attendance in dental care. Material and Methods Survey data were collected during the summer of 2020 comprising both structured questionnaires and an open question on factors considered beneficial for dental attendance. Voluntary patients over 15 years of age (n = 196, 98%) agreed to fill the questionnaires, and n = 112 of them (57%) also gave open commentary in an urgent dental care clinic, City of Oulu, Finland, comprising the study population. Dental fear was assessed by Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) sum scores (min 5, max 25). All utterances (n = 181) on an open question were evaluated by inductive content analysis to create sub‐ and main categories. Covid‐19 pandemic case counts in Finland were low at the time of the survey, but their effect on seeking dental care was asked. The distribution of patients was evaluated by cross‐tabulation, considering their age, gender, and dental fear status; the significance level was p < .05. Results Females dominated slightly the study population (57%). The mean age of the respondents was 44 years. Half (50%) had moderate (MDAS score 10−18), and 10% had severe dental fear (≥19). The open responses could be categorized into four main categories. The largest main category by patient count concerned factors related to personnel (29%), followed by the patient (28%) and treatment (25%) related, and administrative factors (19%). Males chose factors falling into categories of administration and treatment while females chose patient and personnel‐related factors (p = .048). Compared to the rest, fearful persons (MDAS > 9) reported more often factors related to personnel and treatment (p = .03). Of all participants, 17% reported seeking less dental care during the pandemic. Conclusions Patients value dental personnel and treatment‐related factors, specifically those with fear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taina Kankaala
- Research Unit of Population Health, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry University of Oulu 90014 Univeristy of Oulu Finland
- Dental Teaching Unit, City of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Pirjo Kaakinen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry University of Oulu 90014 Univeristy of Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aarvik RS, Svendsen EJ, Agdal ML. Held still or pressured to receive dental treatment: self-reported histories of children and adolescents treated by non-specialist dentists in Hordaland, Norway. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:609-618. [PMID: 35763246 PMCID: PMC9338127 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of a self-reported history of restraint in children and adolescents when receiving dental care by non-specialist dentists and to assess differences in dental fear and anxiety (DFA), intra-oral injection fear, and trust in dentists between patients with and without a self-reported history of restraint. Methods An electronic cross-sectional survey was distributed to all 9 years old (n = 6686) and 17 years old (n = 6327) in the Public Dental Service in Hordaland County, Norway, in 2019. For statistical evaluation, we generated descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results The response rate ranged between 43.5 and 59.9% for the different questions. The prevalence of a self-reported history of being held still against one’s will during dental treatment and pressured to undergo dental treatment against one’s will was 3.6% and 5.1%, respectively. In general, these patients reported higher DFA, and higher intra-oral injection fear compared with those without such histories of restraint. Patients who had reported being held still against their will during dental treatment had significantly higher distrust in dentists than those who did not report restraint (p < 0.001). Conclusion To feel pressured to receive dental treatment and to be held still against one’s will overlap with the concepts of psychological and physical restraint. Patients with a self-reported history of restraint recorded significant differences in DFA, intra-oral injection fear, and trust in dentists compared to those who did not report restraint. Future studies should explore the role that restraint may play in relation to a patient’s DFA, intra-oral injection fear, and trust in dentists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Aarvik
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 2b, 0373, Oslo, Norway. .,Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway.
| | - E J Svendsen
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 2b, 0373, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - M L Agdal
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bryne E, Hean SCPD, Evensen KB, Bull VH. Seeing the person before the teeth: A realist evaluation of a dental anxiety service in Norway. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12860. [PMID: 35218586 PMCID: PMC9306951 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with a trauma history, whether sexual abuse or torture, or dental phobia, tend to avoid dental services due to severe dental anxiety. Subsequently, they experience poor oral health, lower quality of life, and poorer general health. In Norway, a specific service (torture, abuse, and dental anxiety [TADA]) targets these patients' dental anxiety through cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) prior to dental restoration. By exploring patients' experiences with TADA services using a realist evaluation approach, this paper aims to increase our understanding of how this type of service addresses patients' dental anxiety in terms of its mechanisms and contextual factors. Interviews with TADA patients (n = 15) were analysed through a template analysis driven by context-mechanism-outcome heuristics. The analysis revealed that patients value a dental practitioner who provides a calm and holistic approach, positive judgements and predictability elements that lean towards a person-centred care approach. Provided this, patients felt understood and cared for, their shame was reduced, self-esteem emerged, and control was gained, which led to alleviation of dental anxiety. Therefore, our findings suggest that combining CBT with a person-centred care approach helps alleviate patients' dental anxiety. This provides insights into how dental services could be executed for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bryne
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise, Stavanger, Rogaland, Norway.,Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alqahtani AS, Sharanesha RB, Gufran K, Alqhtani NR, Abushanan A, Alasqah M, Alsakr AM, Alkharaan H. Variation in Hemodynamic Characteristics during Periodontal Crown-Lengthening Surgical Procedure: An Uncontrolled Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050919. [PMID: 35628056 PMCID: PMC9141731 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the changes in primary hemodynamic parameters and oxygen saturation in systemically healthy patients during the surgical procedure involving crown lengthening. (2) Methods: A total of 44 patients who required a crown-lengthening procedure in a single tooth in the maxillary arch were included in this study. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured in all the subjects at three different intervals: before injecting the anesthetic (T1), after the anesthetic injection (T2) and after the procedure (T3). Descriptive statistics were computed, and observations were recorded as mean and standard deviation (SD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean observation within parameters at different time intervals. (3) Results: All primary hemodynamic parameters were increased in the T2 phase over T1 and decreased in the T3 phase over T2. However, SpO2 decreased in both the T2 and T3 phases compared to the initial T1 phase. No significant differences were observed among the primary hemodynamic variables. However, SpO2 showed a significant difference (p = 0.013) among the T1, T2 and T3 phases. (4) Conclusions: Further study with larger sample size is required in order to analyze the accurate hemodynamic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Rajashekhara Bhari Sharanesha
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alwaleed Abushanan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alasqah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Mohammad Alsakr
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Hassan Alkharaan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alghofaily M, Alsalleeh F. Levels of Anxiety and Fear Related to Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment Performed by Endodontic Residents and Endodontists. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.851834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesDespite advances in endodontic treatment procedures, root canal treatment is still associated with anxiety and fear. This may cause care avoidance and subsequent oral complications due to untreated endodontic infections. Anxiety and fear levels in response to non-surgical root canal treatment performed by endodontic residents and endodontists were analyzed.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients visiting the endodontic clinics at the University Dental Hospital. The questions addressed the participant's demographics, previous root canal treatment visits, clinician's level of training, and post-treatment experience.ResultsDemographics play a role in anxiety and dental fear in root canal treatment. Men scored significantly lower in the high-anxiety category than women, and patients treated by endodontic residents expressed lower levels of anxiety. Post-treatment experience of an endodontist or endodontic resident was a significant factor in reducing dental fear and anxiety.ConclusionThe level of anxiety and fear related to root canal experience of endodontists or endodontic residents is very low. Most of the patients expressed willingness to undergo further root canal treatment to save a tooth.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bhanushali NV, Atre SY, Kumar V, Jain R, Aranha V, Singh S. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Advanced Local Anesthetic Techniques among Students Attending a Private Dental College in Navi Mumbai, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:94-98. [PMID: 35528496 PMCID: PMC9016921 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective Local anesthesia (LA) administration is an anxiety-provoking phenomenon in patients. Several alternative and advanced techniques make LA administration patient-friendly. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practices of these advances, creating awareness and encouraging further studies and innovations to make these techniques more accessible, available, and economical to be utilized in the Indian population for controlling pain by targeting the budding dentists who actively imbibe and are abreast with the current state of affairs. Methods and materials A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among the undergraduate and postgraduate students of a private college in Navi Mumbai. The self-administered questionnaire contained 13 questions. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 software and a Chi-square test were applied. Results A majority of the respondents were unaware of the alternative techniques (59.4%) with a significant difference between undergraduates and postgraduates. 95.7% thought conventional methods caused dental anxiety and 55.1% thought alternatives would be better. The pain management techniques currently used were mostly reassurance and distraction (84.2%) and Topical anesthesia (74.9%). Only 9.6% had actually practiced these techniques, the reason for inexperience being inadequate knowledge. Out of those who had used these techniques, 47.82% saw positive results with patients experiencing less pain. Conclusion Knowledge of advanced local anesthetic techniques in the dental fraternity is necessary to enhance practice and provide the best care to the patients. Its inclusion in the curriculum with adequate practical training shall ensure its use efficiently. Clinical significance Today dentistry is propelling toward minimally invasive, painless, and patient-friendly procedures. The incorporation of advanced LA techniques to help achieve this goal begin with assessing its awareness among future dentists which would help make them accessible and affordable and contribute toward providing patients a holistic treatment. How to cite this article Bhanushali NV, Atre SY, Kumar V, et al. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Advanced Local Anesthetic Techniques among Students Attending a Private Dental College in Navi Mumbai, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):94-98.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil V Bhanushali
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swarali Y Atre
- TPCT's Terna Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Vaibhav Kumar, Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +91 9742501587, e -mail:
| | - Romi Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Venetia Aranha
- TPCT's Terna Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shishir Singh
- TPCT's Terna Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kämppi A, Tanner T, Viitanen O, Pohjola V, Päkkilä J, Tjäderhane L, Anttonen V, Patinen P. Association of Dental Fear with Caries Status and Self-Reported Dentition-Related Well-Being in Finnish Conscripts. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10030045. [PMID: 35323247 PMCID: PMC8947707 DOI: 10.3390/dj10030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence of dental fear among Finnish conscripts. Other aims were to study the association between dental fear and cariological status as well as their self-reported, dentition-related well-being. The study material consisted of 13,564 men and 255 women conscripts who underwent oral examinations. Of those, 8713 responded to a computer-based questionnaire. The mean number of decayed teeth (DT) was used in analyses for cariological status. Self-reported dental fear, dentition-related well-being and regular check-ups were analysed. Data were analysed with cross tables, Pearson Chi-Square tests, Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regressive analysis. High dental fear or finding dental visits very scary was associated with DT > 2 both among women (14.6%, when DT = 0; 33.3%, when DT > 2) and men conscripts (2.3% and 10.8%, respectively). In addition, those reporting that dental health had a negative impact on their well-being and had no regular check-ups were more likely to need cariological treatment than the rest. A high education level, both one’s own and parental, was a protective factor for restorative treatment need in male conscripts. The findings of this study support the concept of a vicious cycle of dental fear and dental caries. A preventive, interactive way of work by dental teams would most likely be beneficial for dental health, avoiding the development of dental fear, and dentition-related well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kämppi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2941911
| | - Tarja Tanner
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; (T.T.); (O.V.); (V.P.); (V.A.); (P.P.)
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi Viitanen
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; (T.T.); (O.V.); (V.P.); (V.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Vesa Pohjola
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; (T.T.); (O.V.); (V.P.); (V.A.); (P.P.)
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Päkkilä
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; (T.T.); (O.V.); (V.P.); (V.A.); (P.P.)
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Patinen
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland; (T.T.); (O.V.); (V.P.); (V.A.); (P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Donmez N, Kazak M, Kaynar ZB, Sesen Uslu Y. Examination of caries-affected dentin and composite-resin interface after different caries removal methods: A scanning electron microscope study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2212-2221. [PMID: 35178808 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the caries-affected dentin and composite-resin interface with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after different caries removal methods in human molars. Twelve with extensive approximal caries lesions that did not reach the pulp and five caries-free molars (control group [CG]) were used. Carious teeth were divided into four experimental groups: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), Rotary Instrument (RI), Photo-Ablation, and Papain-Based Enzymatic Gel (Brix 3000®, Brix, Brazil). Class II slot cavities were prepared with RI in the CG. Then all caries removed teeth and control groups were restored (All-Bond Universal, BISCO, USA; Clearfil MajestyES-2, Kuraray, Japan). Specimens were prepared for SEM examinations. Hybrid layer (HL) thicknesses were measured using ImageJ programme. Gap measurements were performed with micro-CT. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and posthoc Dunnett's t-tests (p < .05). The highest HL thickness was found in Photo-Ablation Group, and a statistically significant difference was observed among the control and experimental groups (p < .05). The lowest HL thickness was measured in the Enzymatic Gel Group. In terms of internal gap formation, CG showed statistically significant differences compared to the other groups (p < .05). The highest internal gap was observed in RI Group, while the lowest gap was observed in CG. According to SEM, a uniform HL and resin tags were seen in the CG. Smear layer, irregular HL, and gap formation were observed in ART Group. In RI Group, nonuniform HL formation and resin tags were observed. In Photo-Ablation Group, a uniform HL without smear layer and internal gap was observed. In the Enzymatic Gel Group, both opened dentinal tubules, and melting-like formations were observed on the dentin surface. Especially melting-like formations were observed in peritubular dentin. It can be concluded that all caries removal methods except rotary instrumentation were conservative methods, which preserve more healthy dental tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazmiye Donmez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magrur Kazak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, BAU International University School of Medicine and Health Science, Batumi, Georgia
| | - Zeynep Buket Kaynar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Sesen Uslu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khoo ST, Lopez V, Ode W, Yu VSH, Lui JN. Psycho-social perspectives of nonsurgical versus surgical endodontic interventions in persistent endodontic disease. Int Endod J 2022; 55:467-479. [PMID: 35141909 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients' experiences related to dental treatment could influence care-seeking behaviour and engender personal bias. Although endodontic retreatment and apical surgery are procedures often performed to manage previously treated teeth with persistent disease, there is lack of information regarding psycho-social perspectives of patients who undergo these treatments. Our aim was to compare experiences of patients who received these two treatment modalities using a qualitative approach. METHODS A purposive sample of patients was taken from our previous study utilizing the Oral Health Impact Profile to compare oral health-related quality of life of 150 patients who received retreatment and apical surgery. Patients who reported impact and no impact were invited to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs). Eighteen patients from the retreatment group and 15 patients from the surgical group participated in six FGDs. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. RESULTS Four themes emerged: (1) psycho-social disability associated with dental procedures, (2) physical disability associated with dental problems, (3) reliance on dentist's advice for treatment and (4) self-management to preserve treated teeth. Patients undergoing endodontic retreatment reported significant time loss from work and were less informed of alternative treatment options. However, they were pleased with the aesthetics of their teeth, especially if new crowns were made. Patients undergoing surgery experienced anxiety related to loss of control during surgery and apprehension on visualizing the wound post-surgery. They reported more impact on their diet, social interaction and sleep quality and some felt self-conscious due to post-treatment gingival recession. Patients in both groups placed great trust in professional advice and expressed a clear desire to maintain their natural dentition. There was low awareness regarding long-term care and future sequelae of their treated tooth. CONCLUSIONS Patients reported different psycho-social and physical impacts following endodontic retreatment and apical surgery. Patients undergoing endodontic retreatment were more satisfied with aesthetic outcomes but experienced greater impact related to complexities and length of time taken for treatment. Patients undergoing surgery were better informed of treatment options but experienced greater physical and psycho-social disability during the recovery phase. Clinicians could consider incorporating findings from this study into the patient-dentist discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Tien Khoo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Violeta Lopez
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wataru Ode
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jeen-Nee Lui
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Calladine H, Currie CC, Penlington C. A survey of patients' concerns about visiting the dentist and how dentists can help. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:414-421. [PMID: 35032077 PMCID: PMC9306701 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular dental attendance is important in order to receive preventive care, maintain good oral health and identify oral and dental disease at an early stage, however many people do not visit their dentist regularly. Barriers to regular attendance have been studied in small patient groups but not in the wider general population. OBJECTIVE To outline concerns about visiting the dentist and suggestions about how dentists could help using a general population sample. METHOD A survey was constructed using Qualtrics XM software and circulated. Respondents completed questionnaires about dental anxiety and about their concerns and suggestions around dental appointments including the option for free text answers. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-four people completed the survey. Common concerns were the unknown element (62.58%) and worries about "bad teeth" (60.54%). The most popular request for change was for dentists to inform patients of the condition of all their teeth including those in good health (86.30%). A thematic analysis of qualitative responses identified themes of Control, Shame, Discomfort, Long-Term Impact and Cost. Several concerns and suggestions for improvement were expressed. CONCLUSION Although pain associated with dental treatment was identified as important, concerns about the unknown and feeling vulnerable were seen as a higher priority. People in the general population want dentists to help them to feel informed and in control at dental appointments and to be involved in discussions about how they are feeling and what is important to them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte C Currie
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.,Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krekmanova L, Sotirianou M, Sabel N. Young patients' self-reported fear compared to professionals' assessments during invasive and non-invasive dental visits: a prospective, longitudinal study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:309-315. [PMID: 35020180 PMCID: PMC8994721 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The main purpose was to study young patients’ self-reports on dental fear over a 5-year period, prospectively. Also, to compare these to professionals’ proxy reports for dental fear during invasive and non-invasive dental visits. The research question was, to what extent the self-reports and dental professionals’ proxy reports are congruent, and if there were patient age-dependent differences. Methods 3134 patients from 11 public dental clinics, representing urban and rural areas, were invited. Four age cohorts were formed: 3, 7, 11, and 15 years of age and followed between the years 2008 and 2012. Dental examinations (non-invasive) and restorative treatments + extractions (invasive) were registered. During the treatments, self-reports regarding fear and professional proxy reports were registered: Not afraid at all = 0, little nervous = 1, quite afraid = 2, very scared = 3, terrified = 4. Results 2363 patients completed the cohort periods (51% girls and 49% boys). In all, 9708 dental examinations, restorations and extractions were performed. The fear prevalence increased with the invasiveness of the dental procedure; 7–56%. For dental examinations and restorations, fear declined with ascending age. The highest fear prevalence was reported for dental extractions. Younger children reported fear more frequently than older children, p < 0.001. Frequent inconsistencies between self-reports and proxy reports were observed among the younger children (16%) compared to the older children (8%), p < 0.001. Conclusion Non-congruence was observed for self-reports and proxy reports regarding all age cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Krekmanova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Clinic of Pedodontics, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - M Sotirianou
- Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Sabel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinic of Pedodontics, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lermen C, Wetzel W, Britz V, Sterz J, Bechstein WO, Schreckenbach T. Empathy, personality traits, and emotional management in 2nd and 4th-year dentistry students: a single-center study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 34980112 PMCID: PMC8722276 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients fearing dental interventions are at risk of delaying or skipping much-needed treatments. Empathic communication could lead to a higher rate of compliance from patients within this group. Empathy, the big five personality traits, and emotion management abilities are all known to influence the quality of communication between dentists and patients. This study was conducted to analyze whether there is a correlation between these factors in dentistry students. METHODS Dentistry students in their 2nd and 4th year of study were asked to complete questionnaires assessing empathy, emotion management, and personality traits. Out of a total of 148 eligible participants, 53 students (34%) volunteered to participate. For empathy, the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (students' version; JSPE-S) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) were used. Personality traits were assessed using the Short Big Five Inventory (BFI-s), and the Situational Test of Emotional Management (STEM) to measure emotional management ability. RESULTS Higher scores for emotion management were significantly correlated with the female gender (p ≤ 0.005) and with higher scores in openness (p ≤ 0.05). Students with higher scores in openness also achieved higher scores on the IRI subscales: Perspective taking (p ≤ 0.05), Fantasy (p ≤ 0.01), Empathic concern (p ≤ 0.05), and Personal distress (p ≤ 0.05). For JSPE-S, no correlation with emotion management and personality traits was found. CONCLUSION Empathy and emotion management might not be significantly related in dentistry students. Regarding personality traits, students who scored higher on openness also indicated higher abilities in emotion management. These findings should be taken into consideration when planning communication courses for dentistry students, as it might be possible to independently train empathy and emotion management as part of emotional intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lermen
- Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt University Hospital and Clinics, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Willi Wetzel
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Carolinum, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Vanessa Britz
- Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt interdisciplinary simulation center FIneST, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmina Sterz
- Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolf O Bechstein
- Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt University Hospital and Clinics, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Teresa Schreckenbach
- Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt University Hospital and Clinics, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kılıç A, Brown A, Aras I, Hui R, Hare J, Hughes LD, McCracken LM. Using Virtual Technology for Fear of Medical Procedures: A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:1062-1079. [PMID: 33821879 PMCID: PMC8557375 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in virtual reality (VR) technologies have improved the adaptability of its use in therapeutic settings, and VR has shown to be a promising treatment for fear of medical procedures, with research increasing in this area in recent years. PURPOSE This review aims to collate evidence for the impact of VR on fear of medical procedures. METHODS CENTRAL (Cochrane), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO databases were searched up to October 2020. A mix of experimental and case-control studies were included for review, which evaluated the effectiveness of VR for fear, anxiety, and pain of medical procedures for people with needle phobia, dental phobia, claustrophobia of medical scans, and burn wound care anxiety. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by Cochrane and ROBINS-I tools. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were selected. Some studies included mixed participant groups of young people adults. The interventions varied, with VR used for distraction, hypnosis, or exposure. These were shown to be effective for reducing fear of medical procedures. However, effectiveness for blood-injection-injury phobias and burn wound care patients was unclear. CONCLUSIONS Evidence on the effectiveness of VR suggests that it does decrease fear of medical procedures in some situations. However, the RoB assessment illustrated a poor quality of studies across those included in this review, limiting the ability to draw firm general conclusions from the study findings. There is a need for further research exploring the use of VR technologies in the management of anxiety in physical health care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Kılıç
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - Ashley Brown
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - Işıl Aras
- School of Orthodontics, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rita Hui
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Hare
- Dental Psychology Service, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lyndsay D Hughes
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Patients' Perception of Recovery after Dental Implant Placement. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57101111. [PMID: 34684148 PMCID: PMC8538387 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The success rates of surgical dental implant insertions are high. However, knowledge of patients’ recovery is still lacking. “Health-related quality of life” (HRQOL) questionnaires are gaining popularity in all fields of medicine. The present survey assessed the perception of recovery after the surgical placement of dental implants. Materials and Methods: Forty individuals (26 women and 14 men; mean age, 55 ± 12 years) filled a questionnaire evaluating patients’ perception of recovery for 7 consecutive days post-surgery. Confounding factors included age, gender, oral habits, smoking, bruxism, bone quality (tactile evaluation) and quantity, implant location, number of implants, implant type, length and diameter, one-stage vs. two-stage, and the need for bone grafting. Results: The most serious difficulties were found in swelling, which became minimal after 5 days, followed by eating everyday food, ability to enjoy everyday food, maximal pain and average pain (3 days); analgesics consumption (2.5 days); limitations in daily routine, mouth opening, and speech (2 days); swallowing and sleep (1.5 days); and, within 1 day, all other measures attained minimal levels. Gender, and implant location (anterior vs. posterior) were significant predictor variables exerting their different characteristic delayed recoveries. Conclusions: (1) Patients should expect, in general, recovery within 4 days after dental implant placement; (2) women will experience a delayed recovery, (3) implants placed in the intercanine area will result in postoperative eating difficulties for nearly one week, and (4) the number of implants placed during the same appointment has no effect on post treatment recovery.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kankaala T, Laine H, Laitala ML, Rajavaara P, Vähänikkilä H, Pesonen P, Anttonen V. 10-year follow-up study on attendance pattern after dental treatment in primary oral health care clinic for fearful patients. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:522. [PMID: 34645419 PMCID: PMC8513357 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental fear may lead to avoidance of regular dental treatment. The scope of this long-term practe-based study was to monitor the dental attendance of patients who received chair-side dental and fear treatment. Methods In 2000–2006, patients in the City of Oulu, Finland, received treatment for dental fear in the Clinic for Fearful Dental Patients (CFDP) from primary health care dentists trained on this subject. Of the originally treated patients (n = 163), 152 (93%) with sufficient information in dental records made up the study population. Information on their age and sex was available. The number of dental examinations, emergency visits and missed appointments was collected covering the follow-up period of 10 years 2006–2016. For analyses, data were dichotomized according to age at baseline and preliminary outcome baseline condition of dental fear treatment evaluated in 2006. To investigate association further, Poisson regression as well as binary logistic regression models were conducted. As register keeper, the City of Oulu gave permission for this retrospective data-based study. Results Patients receiving dental fear treatment at younger age (2–10 y) had significantly more dental examinations than those treated at > 10 years. Preliminary success was associated with the number of examinations, but not with emergency visits and missed appointments. Sex was not a significant factor in later dental attendance. There was an association between few dental examinations and dental emergency care need with unsuccessful baseline outcome of dental fear treatment.
Conclusions Successful dental fear treatment especially at an early age is beneficial for future dental attendance measured by the number of examinations and consequently, less need for emergency care than in the opposite case. Successful fear treatment has positive impact on later dental care and regular dental attendance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taina Kankaala
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Dental Teaching Unit, City of Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Laine
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Laitala
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Rajavaara
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Dental Teaching Unit, City of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Vähänikkilä
- Biostatistician Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Biostatistician Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Psychological Distress, Dental Health, and Dental Fear among Finnish University Students: A National Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910245. [PMID: 34639546 PMCID: PMC8508373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dental fear, psychological distress, and perceived symptoms of teeth controlled for age, gender, educational sector, and tobacco use. The data from the Finnish University Student Health Survey 2016 targeting students (n = 10,000) of academic universities and universities of applied sciences were used. Psychological distress was measured with the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation 10 (CORE-10) and the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) and dental fear with the question ‘Do you feel scared about receiving dental care?’. The study included 3110 students. In logistic regression analyses those with psychological distress (measured with CORE-10 and GHQ-12) and those reporting teeth-related symptoms were more likely than their counterparts to have high dental fear. In gender-specific analyses men with psychological distress (measured with CORE-10) and women with teeth-related symptoms were more likely to have high levels of dental fear. Finnish university students with psychological distress and teeth-related symptoms were more likely to experience higher levels of dental fear than their counterparts were. The results of this study support possible common vulnerability factors that dental fear and other psychological disorders may share.
Collapse
|
33
|
The Comparison of Dental Anxiety between Patients Treated with Impacted Third Molar Surgery and Conventional Dental Extraction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7492852. [PMID: 34527743 PMCID: PMC8437636 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7492852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study is to compare the dental anxiety levels between two outpatient clinics. Methods Two hundred and seventy patients treated in two different clinics of minor oral surgery and dental extraction polyclinic in the Dental Faculty of Eskisehir Osmangazi University were included in the study. The impacted third molar surgery group and conventional dental extraction group consisted of 101 and 169 patients, respectively. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Dental Fear Scale (DFS) were used to measure anxiety levels in patients treated in both clinics. Tests were made in an isolated room preoperatively. The differences in anxiety levels according to education status and gender were also evaluated. Results The impacted third molar surgery group showed a significant increase in dental anxiety measured with DFS questionnaire (p < 0.05). However, MDAS revealed that there was no difference between anxiety levels between the impacted third molar surgery and conventional dental extraction groups (p > 0.05). There was also no difference in anxiety levels between patients with different education status (p > 0.05). Female patients demonstrated higher levels of anxiety in both MDAS and DFS indexes (p < 0.05). Conclusion Dental anxiety may be higher in patients treated with impacted third molar surgery compared with conventional dental extraction. The education status of patients may not affect dental anxiety. Female patients may show increased levels of dental anxiety in conventional dental and impacted third molar extractions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Pain Experience after Dental Implant Placement Compared to Tooth Extraction. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:4134932. [PMID: 34512757 PMCID: PMC8424234 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A patients' main concern when visiting the dentist is the pain experience during the procedure and postoperatively. Patients who are undergoing dental surgical procedures in particular may experience more concerns and higher level of anxiety and stress that can affect their psychology and decision-making ability. A thorough discussion with the patients about the planned surgical procedure and the expected postsurgical pain and discomfort level is crucial to reduce their fear and stress. Despite increasing popularity of dental implants, limited data are available on pain experience related to surgical implant placement. This review is to discuss and compare postoperative pain and discomfort level after dental implant placement procedure and tooth extraction. The review has a clinical significance as it can be used as a reference when explaining to the patients about the anticipated pain and discomfort level after implant placement. Conclusion Informing patients about implant placement surgical procedure and the anticipated postsurgical pain can reduce their anxiety level and affect postsurgical pain and discomfort. Implant placement surgical procedure is less unpleasant than tooth extraction, with less postsurgical pain and limitation of daily activities.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lowe H, Toyang N, Steele B, Bryant J, Ngwa W, Nedamat K. The Current and Potential Application of Medicinal Cannabis Products in Dentistry. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:106. [PMID: 34562980 PMCID: PMC8466648 DOI: 10.3390/dj9090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and dental diseases are a major global burden, the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and may even affect an individual's general quality of life and health. The most prevalent dental and oral health conditions are tooth decay (otherwise referred to as dental caries/cavities), oral cancers, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal (gum) disease, Noma, oro-dental trauma, oral manifestations of HIV, sensitive teeth, cracked teeth, broken teeth, and congenital anomalies such as cleft lip and palate. Herbs have been utilized for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese, African and Indian medicine and even in some Western countries, for the treatment of oral and dental conditions including but not limited to dental caries, gingivitis and toothaches, dental pulpitis, halitosis (bad breath), mucositis, sore throat, oral wound infections, and periodontal abscesses. Herbs have also been used as plaque removers (chew sticks), antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antiseptics. Cannabis sativa L. in particular has been utilized in traditional Asian medicine for tooth-pain management, prevention of dental caries and reduction in gum inflammation. The distribution of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in the mouth suggest that the endocannabinoid system may be a target for the treatment of oral and dental diseases. Most recently, interest has been geared toward the use of Cannabidiol (CBD), one of several secondary metabolites produced by C. sativa L. CBD is a known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-microbial and anti-cancer agent, and as a result, may have therapeutic potential against conditions such burning mouth syndrome, dental anxiety, gingivitis, and possible oral cancer. Other major secondary metabolites of C. sativa L. such as terpenes and flavonoids also share anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic and anti-microbial properties and may also have dental and oral applications. This review will investigate the potential of secondary metabolites of C. sativa L. in the treatment of dental and oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lowe
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Ngeh Toyang
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Blair Steele
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kaveh Nedamat
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Auraleaf Innovations, Toronto, ON M9B 4H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aarvik RS, Agdal ML, Svendsen EJ. Restraint in paediatric dentistry: a qualitative study to explore perspectives among public, non-specialist dentists in Norway. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:443-450. [PMID: 33587861 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1881159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of non-specialist dentists on the use of restraint in paediatric dentistry in the Public Dental Service in Norway. MATERIALS AND METHOD Two focus group interviews involving four and five dentists, respectively, were conducted in one of the most populated counties in Norway in September 2019. The thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke informed the qualitative analysis. RESULTS According to the dentists, physical restraint in paediatric dentistry is usually used when dental treatment is absolutely necessary. The qualitative analysis revealed the following three main themes: (1) some dentists justify the use of restraint in paediatric dentistry; (2) physical restraint is often legitimised by the fact that the child is sedated; (3) the use of restraint evokes difficult ethical evaluations. Additionally, the dentists had an overarching perspective of acting in the child's best interest, but they sometimes struggled to find a justifiable path in situations involving restraint. CONCLUSIONS Dentists seem to consider the use of restraint combined with sedation as legitimate for absolute necessary dental treatment. Furthermore, the use of restraint involves difficult ethical evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Skavhellen Aarvik
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
AlRatroot S, Alotaibi G, AlBishi F, Khan S, Ashraf Nazir M. Dental Anxiety Amongst Pregnant Women: Relationship With Dental Attendance and Sociodemographic Factors. Int Dent J 2021; 72:179-185. [PMID: 34253341 PMCID: PMC9275180 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction : Access to oral care during pregnancy is important for the maintenance of optimal oral health. Objective : The aim of this study was to estimate dental anxiety (DA) and its association with previous dental visits and sociodemographic factors amongst pregnant women. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted (June through August 2019) amongst pregnant women (N = 825) attending hospitals and health centres in Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam cities in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess DA and the World Health Organization Oral Health Survey for Adults was administered to evaluate patterns of dental attendance. Results : DA was found in 90.9% of the pregnant women. The mean DA score of the sample was 12.53 ± 5.33 (range, 5 to 25) and it was significantly higher amongst non-Saudi (13.21 ± 5.24) vs Saudi women (12.15 ± 5.34) (P = .006), those who had negative dental experience (13.99 ± 5.62) vs those without such experience (12.2 ± 5.21) (P < .001), and those with dental pain or discomfort (13.18 ± 5.46) vs without pain or discomfort (11.94 ± 5.14) (P = .001). The study found a significant relationship between DA and reasons for dental attendance before pregnancy (P = .002) and time since the last dental visit (P = .009). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed significantly increased odds (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.27) of experiencing moderate to extreme DA amongst pregnant women who visited the dentist after a year/never visited compared to those who visited in less than a year. Similarly, participants with negative dental experience were significantly more likely to have moderate to extreme DA (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.20) than those without negative experience after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Conclusions : DA was highly prevalent amongst pregnant women, which was significantly associated with negative dental experience, dental pain or discomfort, and reasons for and time since the last dental visit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha AlRatroot
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Alotaibi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fai AlBishi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Khan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Nazir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lin CS, Lee CY, Chen LL, Wu LT, Yang SF, Wang TF. Magnification of fear and intention of avoidance in non-experienced versus experienced dental treatment in adults. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:328. [PMID: 34210309 PMCID: PMC8252235 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fear is associated with the experience of prior dental treatment and avoidance of dental visits. It remains unclear if individuals show an intention of avoidance (IA) towards treatments that they have not received (i.e., non-experienced dental treatment). The study aims to investigated (a) if individuals showed an increased fear and IA to non-experienced, compared to experienced dental treatment, and (b) if fear and IA to non-experienced treatment is associated with dental anxiety. METHODS Fear/IA of 12 common conditions of dental treatment of 402 adults were investigated. If subjects have experienced the condition, fear and IA were assessed based on subjects' prior experience (i.e., ExpFear/ExpIA). If they have not experienced the condition, fear and IA were assessed based on their anticipation (i.e., NExpFear/NExpIA). Trait dental anxiety was assessed using the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+). RESULTS (A) NExpFear and NExpIA were significantly higher than ExpFear and ExpIA, respectively. (B) The IDAF-4C+ scores are positively correlated with NExpFear/NExpIA and negatively correlated with the magnification of fear (i.e., the discrepancy in the fear/IA of non-experienced vs. experienced conditions). (C) The condition 'extraction of a wisdom tooth' and 'root canal treatment' showed the highest ratings on NExpFear. CONCLUSIONS Individuals may develop a high degree of fear and IA of the treatment they have not received. Trait dental anxiety plays a key role in the fear of non-experienced treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC). .,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yi Lee
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chen
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Long-Ting Wu
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of Endodontics and Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Yang
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of Endodontics and Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fang Wang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hauge MS, Stora B, Vassend O, Hoffart A, Willumsen T. Dentist-administered cognitive behavioural therapy versus four habits/midazolam: An RCT study of dental anxiety treatment in primary dental care. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12794. [PMID: 33960536 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to test the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) administered by a general dental practitioner (GDP) in a general dental practice. In a two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial, the experimental group received a short dentist-administered CBT-intervention (D-CBT). A best-practice control group (FHM) received dental treatment during sedation with midazolam combined with an evidence-based communication model (The Four Habits Model). Ninety-six patients with self-reported dental anxiety were allocated to the treatment arms at a 1:1 ratio. Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) scores spanned from 12 to 25, and 82 patients (85%) had a score of 19 or more, indicating severe dental anxiety. In both treatment arms, scores on MDAS and Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C) decreased significantly, but no differences were found between treatment arms. Mean reductions were: MDAS scores: -6.6 (SD = 0.5); IDAF-4C scores: -1.0 (SD = 1.1). In conclusion, local GDPs in general dental practices with proper competence have the ability for early detection of dental anxiety and, with the use of a manual-based D-CBT or FHM treatment, GDPs could offer efficient first-line treatment suitable for dental anxiety of varying severities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Saanum Hauge
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oral Health Centre of Expertise, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bent Stora
- Oral Health Services Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Olav Vassend
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kurki P, Korhonen M, Honkalampi K, Suominen AL. Patients' multifaceted views of dental fear in a diagnostic interview. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:194-204. [PMID: 32924725 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1817545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to examine how patients describe and perceive their dental fear (DF) in diagnostic interviews. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample consisted of dentally anxious patients according to the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), who had problems coping with conventional dental treatment. The voluntary participants (n = 7, aged 31-62 years) attended a diagnostic interview aiming to map their DF before dental treatment. The data were analysed by theory-driven qualitative content analysis. The themes consisted of the four components of DF: emotional, behavioural, cognitional, and physiological, derived from the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear. RESULTS Within these four themes, treated as the main categories, 27 additional categories related to the patients' interpretations of DF were identified in three contexts: before, during and after dental treatment. 10 categories depicted difficult, uncontrollable, or ambivalent emotions; nine depicted behavioural patterns, strategies, or means; five depicted disturbing, strong, or long-lasting physiological reactions, including panic and anxiety symptoms. The remaining three categories related to cognitive components. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that dental care professionals may gain comprehensive information about their patients' DF by means of four component-based diagnostic interviews. This helps them to better identify and encounter patients in need of fear-sensitive dental care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02919241.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Kurki
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija Korhonen
- Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abdul Hayei NA, Yahya NA, Safii SH, Saub R, Vaithilingam RD, Baharuddin NA. Influence of scaler tip design on root surface roughness, tooth substance loss and patients' pain perception: an in vitro and a randomised clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33789646 PMCID: PMC8011415 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of scaler tip design on root surface roughness, tooth substance loss and patients’ pain perception is investigated.
Methods This article was divided into the following parts: Part 1 Surface roughness and substance loss: an in vitro study, which involves intact extracted teeth sectioned and treated using a piezoelectric ultrasonic device (PM200 EMS Piezon, Switzerland) with a conventional scaler tip (FS-407) and a Perio Slim (PS) scaler tip (Perio Slim DS-016A). All sectioned samples for tooth surface roughness (n = 20) and tooth substance loss (n = 46) analyses were measured and compared using a 3D surface texture analyser and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively, at baseline and following scaling. Part 2 Pain Perception: a clinical study, which was a split mouth study design including 30 participants with gingivitis and/or mild chronic periodontitis; treated with supra-gingival scaling from teeth #13 to #23. Subjects were randomised to group A or group B. Group A was treated first with PS scaler tips, whereas group B was treated first with conventional scaler tips. Pain perception was recorded using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Results In vitro study: both scaler tips caused significant reduction in root substance roughness after scaling (p < 0.05), but no significant difference between the two scaler tips (p > 0.05) was observed. The PS scaler tip caused statistically significantly less root substance loss (p < 0.05) when the initial thickness of the tooth was < 1000 µm. Clinical study: the participants reported significantly lesser pain score during scaling using the PS scaler tip (median: 3) than when using the conventional scaler tip (median: 5) (p < 0.05). Conclusions In the in vitro study, using a slim scaler tip design causes less tooth substance loss compared to a wider scaler tip design. In the clinical study, less pain was observed compared than a wide (conventional) scaler tip design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ayman Abdul Hayei
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azlin Yahya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarida Hasnur Safii
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Saub
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rathna Devi Vaithilingam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Adinar Baharuddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alsoghier A, Riordain RN, Fedele S, Porter S. Psychosocial impacts of oral epithelial dysplasia. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:700-707. [PMID: 33728714 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychosocial impact of receiving the diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia, which presents up to 3.5% increased annual risk of mouth cancer, remains unknown. Using validated instruments, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and existing correlations between anxiety, depression and dental anxiety symptoms and burden on oral health-related quality of life. METHODS A clinical cohort of 82 patients with oral dysplasia was asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impact Profile. Spearman's correlation coefficient and regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The participants' scores were in keeping with the presence of anxiety, depression and emotional distress symptoms in 30%, 16% and 26%, respectively. However, 69% experienced anxiety related to procedures that may be required as part of long-term management of oral dysplasia (e.g. local anaesthetic injection). The oral health-related quality of life scores showed 41.5% reporting a recent daily problem due to their oral or dental health. Significant correlations [p >0.05] were found among and between all of the used instruments. Being a female with oral dysplasia also predicted increased odds of indicating higher anxiety and dental anxiety scores than males [p >0.05]. CONCLUSION Oral dysplasia can adversely impact on the psychosocial well-being of affected persons. Establishing a causal relationship between the measured variables may, however, be challenging and would need further longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsoghier
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richeal Ni Riordain
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stefano Fedele
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Stephen Porter
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nazir M, Almulhim KS, AlDaamah Z, Bubshait S, Sallout M, AlGhamdi S, Alhumaid J. Dental Fear and Patient Preference for Emergency Dental Treatment Among Adults in COVID-19 Quarantine Centers in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:1707-1715. [PMID: 34354346 PMCID: PMC8331203 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s319193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dental fear is associated with the avoidance of dental visits and negative oral health outcomes. It is important to assess distribution of dental fear and preference for emergency dental treatment among adult population during COVID-19. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate dental fear and emergency dental treatment among adults in COVID-19 quarantine centers in Greater Dammam, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female adults (N=606) in quarantine centers for COVID-19 participated in this cross-sectional study (June-July 2020). Dental Fear Survey was used to collect data on dental fear. The participants also provided their responses about emergency dental treatment/dental attendance patterns in addition to demographic information. RESULTS The mean DFS score of the sample was 39.08 ± 19.47, and 23.1% of the participants were a little fearful and 22.6% were highly fearful. About 36.8% reported that they would prefer to visit a dental office in case of dental emergency mostly for dental pain and fractured tooth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only 10.4% of the participants reported visiting a dentist in less than 3 months, 35.8% in less than 6 months, 52.5% between 6 and 12 months and more, and 1.3% never visited the dentist. DFS scores significantly differed among participants who visited the dentist in less than 3 months (31.86 ± 14.57), less than 6 months (37.70 ± 18.57), between 6 and 12 months and more (40.78 ± 20.23), and never visited the dentist (65.75 ± 14.74) (P < 0.001). The timing of last dental visit (P < 0.001), female gender (P 0.039), and dental pain (P < 0.001) were the significant predictors of dental fear. CONCLUSION Dental fear was common among adults with a predilection for the female gender. Increased dental fear was significantly related to dental pain and reduced dental attendance. Only one-third of adults were willing to perform emergency dental visits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Muhammad Nazir Tel +966-543569615 Email
| | - Khalid S Almulhim
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad AlDaamah
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Bubshait
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Sallout
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman AlGhamdi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Alhumaid
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Factors Influencing Pain and Anxiety Before Endodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study Amongst American Individuals. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:199-204. [PMID: 33353908 PMCID: PMC7881385 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.17363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to assess preoperative levels of patient anxiety and pain before root canal treatment, and to explore variables that may affect these levels. Methods: Ninety-five patients presenting for an endodontic visit were recruited for the study. A questionnaire was administered. Visual analog scales were used to record levels of pain and anxiety. Data was tabulated, and analysis was performed using the Pearson Chi-Squire test with continuity correction, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P=0.05). Results: Anxiety was detected more frequently in females (60%) than in males (33%) (P=0.016). Sixty-two percent of patients who were waiting for a new treatment were anxious, compared to 39% of those who were returning to continue treatment (P=0.049). Sixty-nine percent of patients in pain reported being anxious (P=0.015). Patients aged 18–30 years reported more pain than those older than 30 years (P=0.023). Forty-three percent of new patients reported being in pain, whereas only 20% of patients returning for a treatment reported pain (P=0.027). Conclusion: Anxiety associated with root canal treatment is prevalent, and it was reported primarily by young females who were presenting for a new treatment. Pain and anxiety are highly inter-related, and they are usually reduced after the first endodontic session.
Collapse
|
45
|
Silveira ER, Cademartori MG, Schuch HS, Corrêa MB, Ardenghi TM, Armfield J, Horta BL, Demarco FF. The vicious cycle of dental fear at age 31 in a birth cohort in Southern Brazil. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:354-361. [PMID: 33283921 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This longitudinal study assessed the prevalence of dental fear in adulthood and the association with socio-economic, behavioural and clinical variables. Also, the existence of a vicious cycle of dental fear was tested. METHODS A random sample of adults (n = 535) from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil, was selected. Socio-economic data, behavioural characteristics and clinical variables were collected during different cohort waves. Oral health data were collected at ages 15, 24 and 31 years old, using questionnaires and oral examination. Dental fear (the outcome) was assessed by the question: 'Are you afraid of going to the dentist?', with possible responses: dichotomized into 'No' or 'A little/Yes/A lot'. Exposure variables were as follows: dental visit in the last years (at the ages 15 and 31); caries experience (DMFT ≥ mean) at the ages 15 and 31; the trajectory of caries prevalence from 15 to 31 years old; dental pain in the last six months in the two ages evaluated; and self-rated oral health at age 31. Several multivariable Poisson regression models were used to investigate the association between each of the exposure variables and dental fear. RESULTS Dental fear prevalence was 22.1%, and it was more prevalent among non-white individuals and females. After controlling for potential confounders, dental fear was more likely to be reported by those individuals who had dental pain or a higher prevalence of dental caries at the age 15. Dental fear was also associated with a worse trajectory of dental caries, negative self-rated oral health at age 31 and with not having visited the dentist in the last year (at the age 31). Results supported the proposed vicious cycle of dental fear. CONCLUSIONS Dental fear in adulthood was related to exposures occurring across the lifecourse. Also, it was possible to observe the occurrence of the vicious cycle of dental fear in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Therefore, preventive measures during different periods of the life course are required to prevent dental fear and adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethieli R Silveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Helena S Schuch
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Ardenghi
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jason Armfield
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flavio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tobias G, Spanier AB. Developing a Mobile App (iGAM) to Promote Gingival Health by Professional Monitoring of Dental Selfies: User-Centered Design Approach. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e19433. [PMID: 32795985 PMCID: PMC7455872 DOI: 10.2196/19433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental visits are unpleasant; sometimes, patients only seek treatment when they are in intolerable pain. Recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for remote communication when patients and dentists cannot meet in person. Gingivitis is very common and characterized by red, swollen, bleeding gums. Gingivitis heals within 10 days of professional care and with daily, thorough oral hygiene practices. If left untreated, however, its progress may lead to teeth becoming mobile or lost. Of the many medical apps currently available, none monitor gingivitis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to present a characterization and development model of a mobile health (mHealth) app called iGAM, which focuses on periodontal health and improves the information flow between dentists and patients. METHODS A focus group discussed the potential of an app to monitor gingivitis, and 3 semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted on the use of apps for monitoring gum infections. We used a qualitative design process based on the Agile approach, which incorporated the following 5 steps: (1) user story, (2) use cases, (3) functional requirements, (4) nonfunctional requirements, and (5) Agile software development cycles. In a pilot study with 18 participants aged 18-45 years and with different levels of health literacy, participants were given a toothbrush, toothpaste, mouthwash, toothpicks, and dental floss. After installing iGAM, they were asked to photograph their gums weekly for 4 weeks. RESULTS All participants in the focus group believed in the potential of a mobile app to monitor gingivitis and reduce its severity. Concerns about security and privacy issues were discussed. From the interviews, 2 themes were derived: (1) "what's in it for me?" and (2) the need for a take-home message. The 5 cycles of development highlighted the importance of communication between dentists, app developers, and the pilot group. Qualitative analysis of the data from the pilot study showed difficulty with: (1) the camera, which was alleviated with the provision of mouth openers, and (2) the operation of the phone, which was alleviated by changing the app to be fully automated, with a weekly reminder and an instructions document. Final interviews showed satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS iGAM is the first mHealth app for monitoring gingivitis using self-photography. iGAM facilitates the information flow between dentists and patients between checkups and may be useful when face-to-face consultations are not possible (such as during the COVID-19 pandemic).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Tobias
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf B Spanier
- Department of Software Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Farid H, Pasha L, Majeed M. Psychometric Assessment of the Urdu Version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:112-119. [PMID: 32788847 PMCID: PMC7409578 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of the current study was to adapt the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C) in the Urdu language and measure its validity and reliability. Methods Original English questionnaire of IDAF-4C was translated into Urdu language by a panel of dentists and language experts (Urdu and English) followed by critical evaluation, modification and back translation into English language. A final Urdu questionnaire was distributed among 250 patients visiting the Endodontics section at Margalla Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the reliability of the Index whereas validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Mean rank scores of IDAF-4C for male and female participants were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U tests (P < 0.05). Results Of 250 questionnaires, 209 were returned with a response rate of 84%. Cronbach’s alpha for the Urdu version of IDAF-4C was 0.88. Exploratory factor analysis of the IDAF-4C revealed one factor explaining 55.55% of the common variance (Eigenvalue = 4.5). The mean rank scores of all eight items of IDAF-4C were greater for female participants as compared to male participants with a statistically significant association (P < 0.05). Conclusion The psychometric analysis of the Urdu version of IDAF-4C showed good reliability and consistency compared to the original version as well as other translated versions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huma Farid
- Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Pasha
- Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Majeed
- Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tabrizi R, Mohajerani H, Nabtieh A, Shafiei S. Do Patients have the Same Experience of Pain Following Tooth Extraction and Dental Implants? Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020; 10:88-90. [PMID: 32855921 PMCID: PMC7433966 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_281_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Postoperative pain is an important concern for patients who need dental implants. This study aims to compare the experience of pain in patients who undergo tooth removal and dental implant surgery. Materials and Methods: This is a crossover study. Patients who underwent a simple tooth extraction and dental implant surgery were studied. The pain severity was assessed using a visual analog scale at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after procedures. The repeated measure test was used to compare pain severity between two treatment sessions. Results: Forty patients were studied. Patients reported higher pain levels in a tooth extraction at study times than implant surgery (P = 0.001). Conclusion: It seems patients who had experience of tooth extraction and a dental implant placement reported significantly lower pain in implant surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabrizi
- Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mohajerani
- Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Nabtieh
- Dentistry student, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shervin Shafiei
- Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fernandez-Aguilar J, Guillén I, Sanz MT, Jovani-Sancho M. Patient's pre-operative dental anxiety is related to diastolic blood pressure and the need for post-surgical analgesia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9170. [PMID: 32513987 PMCID: PMC7280201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the relationship of the patient’s anxiety level from Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) vs different physiological parameters: pre and post-operative blood pressure, and pre and post-operative heart rates, and subsequently, relate the results to the patient’s post-operative anti-inflammatory analgesic need, 185 patients requiring a simple dental extraction were recruited. They filled out the DAS in the waiting room prior to their procedure and once in the examination room, their preoperative blood pressure and heart rate was measured. Once the dental extraction had been completed, their blood pressure and heart rate were measured again. Before leaving the clinic, the patient was given an analgesic form in which they had to indicate whether or not they had required analgesia after the procedure. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed statistically significant differences between pre-operative and post-operative (P = 0.001). DAS was related with pre-operative diastolic blood pressure (pre-DBP) (P = 0.001) and post-operative diastolic blood pressure (post-DBP) as well as pre-operative heart rate (pre-HR) (P = 0.027) and post-operative heart rate (post-HR) (P = 0.013). Patients with high levels of DAS tend to take more Ibuprofen 400 mg (P = 0.038). The different levels of anxiety will determine what type of anti-inflammatory analgesia the patient will take, if necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernandez-Aguilar
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Guillén
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - María T Sanz
- Didactics of Mathematics Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Mar Jovani-Sancho
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Coxon JD, Hosey MT, Newton JT. The oral health of dentally phobic 12- and 15-year-olds: a descriptive analysis of the 2013 Child Dental Health Survey. Br Dent J 2019; 226:595-599. [PMID: 31028328 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dental anxiety has been shown to be related to poorer oral health. Limited data exist exploring the relationship between oral health status and dental anxiety in non-clinical populations in children.Aim To compare the oral health of phobic and non-phobic children aged 12 and 15 years.Design Secondary analysis of data from 12-year-old and 15-year-old children in the Child Dental Health Survey 2013.Materials and methods Participants were grouped into non-phobic and phobic groups, depending on their self-reported dental anxiety (MDAS). Descriptive analyses compared the two groups on social demographic factors, clinical status, self-reported oral health status, oral health-related behaviours and oral health impact.Results A total of 601 children were classed as dentally phobic with 4,144 classed as non-phobic. Dental phobic children were more likely to be female, had more active decay and untreated dental disease, and rated their dental health as poorer. Phobic children were more likely to report that their oral health had a negative effect on their everyday life. This group were less likely to brush their teeth regularly or attend the dentist for check-ups.Conclusions Dentally phobic children have more dental disease and express greater impact on their everyday life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Coxon
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Marie-Therese Hosey
- Paediatric Dentistry Centre of Oral Clinical and Translational Science Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Tim Newton
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|