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Pappe CL, Peters B, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Schremmer R, Adam A, Vach K, Dommisch H, Woelber JP. Effects of a 4-week free-sugar avoidance during periodontal therapy: An explorative randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 39185702 DOI: 10.1002/jper.24-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of a 4-week free-sugar avoidance on periodontal parameters during periodontal therapy. METHODS Twenty-one patients with untreated periodontitis and daily free-sugar intake were allocated to a sugar avoidance group (SAG) and a control group (CG). The SAG received a 45-min dietary consultation and was instructed to avoid free sugars during the following 4 weeks after subgingival instrumentation, while the CG continued with their regular diet. Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque control record, body weight (BW), visceral fat (FATv), and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were collected at baseline (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 8 weeks (T3) after subgingival instrumentation. RESULTS The main outcome parameter BOP was significantly reduced at T2 by 40.3% ± 15.54 in the SAG and 34% ± 12.47 in the CG (intra-p value both <0.001, inter-p value 0.361). A linear regression analysis of changes at patient level adjusted for age and FATv revealed a significant group difference for BOP (regression coefficient = -6.8; p = 0.019). Significant reductions were observed in BW, FATv and mean daily intake of free sugars (-14.4 g/day), and a significant increase of vitamin C derived from fruits (75.89 mg/day) at T2 in the SAG only. CONCLUSION This study may indicate additional beneficial effects of a sugar avoidance on periodontal and metabolic parameters, and nutritional intake during periodontal therapy. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00026699). PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY The current widespread free-sugar consumption is linked to an increasing incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Data indicate a relationship between sugar intake and a higher prevalence of periodontitis and increased gingival inflammation. This study showed that free-sugar avoidance after periodontal therapy had additional beneficial effects on periodontal and metabolic parameters in 10 test and 11 control patients. After 4 weeks of avoiding free sugars like sweets, processed white flour, juice, and so forth, periodontal bleeding was significantly reduced in both groups (-40.3% test group, -34% control group). Further regression analysis revealed a significant difference between groups favoring the intervention. Additionally, body weight and visceral fat were significantly reduced in the intervention group, only. To avoid sugar, patients were allowed to replace it with whole fruit, which led to increased levels of micronutrients such as vitamin C. Therefore, free-sugar avoidance may be of therapeutic benefit in addition to periodontal therapy. Further research is needed to investigate this effect in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Pappe
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, and Oral, Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beeke Peters
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schremmer
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, and Oral, Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aysegül Adam
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, and Oral, Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, and Oral, Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan P Woelber
- Policlinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Aalizadeh Y, Khamisi N, Asghari P, Safari A, Mottaghi M, Taherkhani MH, Alemi A, Ghaderi M, Rahmanian M. The Mediterranean diet and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35633. [PMID: 39170303 PMCID: PMC11336861 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a severe oral health condition that affects the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth. The Mediterranean diet has been proposed as a potential contributor to reducing the risk of periodontitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and periodontitis. A comprehensive literature search from 1992 to January 2024 was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The included studies were clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies that evaluated the impact of the Mediterranean diet on periodontitis. Data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies were performed using standardized protocols. A meta-analysis was conducted to combine effect sizes from multiple studies. This review included seven studies, comprising one cohort study, five cross-sectional studies, and one randomized controlled trial. While some studies reported a potential link between Mediterranean diet adherence and periodontitis, the overall analysis did not demonstrate a significant association. The meta-analysis revealed an Odds Ratio (95 % Confidence Interval) of 0.77 (0.58, 1.03) for the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and periodontitis (p = 0.08). This systematic review and meta-analysis found no statistically significant association between periodontitis and Mediterranean diet adherence. Future research should prioritize the implementation of rigorous clinical studies with longer follow-up periods to better understand the causal association between the Mediterranean diet and periodontitis. Observational studies with larger sample sizes are needed to establish more conclusive evidence regarding the impact of dietary patterns on periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Aalizadeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University (khorasgan Branch), IAU (Khorasgan Branch), University Blvd, Jey St, Arqavanieh, Isfahan, 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Nima Khamisi
- School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch), IAU (Khorasgan Branch), University Blvd, Jey St, Arqavanieh, Isfahan, 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Parastoo Asghari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Knowledge and Health City, At the End of Shahid Fakouri Blvd (In Front of Fakouri 94), Mashhad, 99191-91778, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Safari
- School of Dentistry, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, No. 4 9th Neystan Pasdaran St, Tehran, 1946853314, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mottaghi
- School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, At the Beginning of Vakil Abad Blvd., in Front of Mellat Park, Mashhad, 9177948959, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hosein Taherkhani
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TUMS, North Kargar Ave, Amirabad, Tehran, 1439955934, Iran
| | - Anahita Alemi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, No. 4 9th Neystan Pasdaran St, Tehran, 1946853314, Iran
| | - Masoume Ghaderi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Dr.Sobouti Blvd, Zanjan, 4513956184, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmanian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, SBUMS, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
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3
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Valverde A, George A, Nares S, Naqvi AR. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting bone signaling pathways in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 39044454 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial immune-mediated disease exacerbated by dysregulated alveolar bone homeostasis. Timely intervention is crucial for disease management to prevent tooth loss. To successfully manage periodontitis, it is imperative to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis to develop novel treatment modalities. Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) such as subgingival instrumentation/debridement has been the underlying treatment strategy over the past decades. However, new NSPT approaches that target key signaling pathways regulating alveolar bone homeostasis have shown positive clinical outcomes. This narrative review aims to discuss endogenous bone homeostasis mechanisms impaired in periodontitis and highlight the clinical outcomes of preventive periodontal therapy to avoid invasive periodontal therapies. Although the anti-resorptive therapeutic adjuncts have demonstrated beneficial outcomes, adverse events have been reported. Diverse immunomodulatory therapies targeting the osteoblast/osteoclast (OB/OC) axis have shown promising outcomes in vivo. Future controlled randomized clinical trials (RCT) would help clinicians and patients in the selection of novel preventing therapies targeting key molecules to effectively treat or prevent periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Valverde
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Schulze A, Busse M. Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:319. [PMID: 38399605 PMCID: PMC10890155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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5
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Lieske B, Moszka N, Borof K, Petersen EL, Jagemann B, Ebinghaus M, Beikler T, Heydecke G, Aarabi G, Zyriax BC. Association between an Anti-Inflammatory Dietary Score and Periodontitis-Evidence from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3235. [PMID: 37513653 PMCID: PMC10386141 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While the effects of dietary patterns on cardiovascular risk and diabetes have been well studied, the evidence is scarce as to which diet has the greatest anti-inflammatory potential and how dietary patterns are associated with periodontitis. In the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS), we developed an anti-inflammatory dietary score using a data-driven approach based on the relationship of relevant selected food groups with inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP and IL-6). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between the anti-inflammatory dietary score and the incidence of periodontitis in Hamburg, Germany. A total of n = 5642 participants fit the required inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Periodontal disease was assessed using probing depth, gingival recession, and bleeding on probing. Dietary intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A self-developed anti-inflammatory dietary score served as the key explanatory variable. Higher scores reflected lower inflammatory processes (measured through the biomarkers hsCRP and IL-6). Several covariates were included in the regression analysis. Regressions revealed that a higher anti-inflammatory dietary score was significantly associated with lower odds to be affected by periodontal disease in an unadjusted model (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.89, p < 0.001) and in an adjusted model (age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and physical activity) (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98, p = 0.003). Our study demonstrated a significant inverse association between an anti-inflammatory dietary score and periodontitis. Individuals with higher intake of proinflammatory nutrition should be specifically addressed to avoid periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Lieske
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Moszka
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borof
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elina Larissa Petersen
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Jagemann
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Merle Ebinghaus
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Malcangi G, Patano A, Ciocia AM, Netti A, Viapiano F, Palumbo I, Trilli I, Guglielmo M, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F, Minetti E, Inchingolo AM. Benefits of Natural Antioxidants on Oral Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1309. [PMID: 37372039 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been paid to the correlation between oxidation-reduction mechanisms and human health. The free radicals produced via physiological cellular biochemical processes are major contributors to oxidation phenomena. Their instability is the major cause of cellular damage. Free radical reactive oxygen species containing oxygen are the best-known ones. The body neutralises the harmful effects of free radicals via the production of endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and melatonin). The field of study of nutraucetics has found antioxidant capacity in substances such as vitamins A, B, C, E, coenzyme Q-10, selenium, flavonoids, lipoic acid, carotenoids, and lycopene contained in some foods. There are several areas of investigation that aim to research the interaction between reactive oxygen species, exogenous antioxidants, and the microbiota to promote increased protection via the peroxidation of macromolecules (proteins, and lipids) by maintaining a dynamic balance among the species that make up the microbiota. In this scoping review, we aim to map the scientific literature on oxidative stress related to the oral microbiota, and the use of natural antioxidants to counteract it, to assess the volume, nature, characteristics, and type of studies available to date, and to suggest the possible gaps that will emerge from the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ciocia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Netti
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Viapiano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Irene Palumbo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Irma Trilli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elio Minetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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7
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Shodhan Shetty A, Shenoy R, Dasson Bajaj P, Rao A, KS A, Pai M, BR A, Jodalli P. Role of nutritional supplements on oral health in adults - A systematic review. F1000Res 2023; 12:492. [PMID: 37359787 PMCID: PMC10285321 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134299.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The word 'diet' usually encompasses the consumption of food that includes all the necessary nutrients required for the optimal functioning of the body. Nutritional supplements hold a supreme position due to the demanding lifestyles or medical conditions in this current era. Although medical literature has sufficient evidence exploring the effect of nutrients on general health, this systematic review aimed at specifically evaluating the role of nutritional supplements on oral health in adults. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review where four electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were reviewed. Based on the inclusion criteria, four studies exploring the effect of oral nutritional supplements on oral health among the adult population were included in this systematic review. Results: This review generated evidence suggesting a positive effect of nutritional supplements on oral health. These findings were depicted in the form of a reduction in plaque scores, probing depths, gingival inflammation, and greater improvement in periodontal healing among individuals with higher intakes of nutritional supplements within recommended doses. Conclusions: The systematic review outlines the positive impact of consuming nutritional supplements in the recommended dosage on oral health. Additionally, this review stresses the necessity for interventional studies to further investigate the effects of nutritional supplements on oral health, particularly in regard to periodontal healing. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021287797 (27/11/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Shodhan Shetty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Parul Dasson Bajaj
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Ashwini Rao
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Aparna KS
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Mithun Pai
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Avinash BR
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Praveen Jodalli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
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8
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Lee MR. Relationship between Diet Quality and Periodontal Disease in South Korean Adults Aged ≥40 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5039. [PMID: 36981947 PMCID: PMC10048839 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between diet quality and periodontal disease, in adults aged ≥40 years, using data from the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES), representing South Koreans. The subjects of this study were 7935 people aged ≥40 years, who responded to the items in the Korea Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) and underwent periodontal examination. Complex sample univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted, to analyze the relationship between the diet quality and periodontal disease. The group with a low diet quality for energy intake balance, showed a higher risk of periodontal disease than the group with a high diet quality for energy intake balance, and it was confirmed that the diet quality in adults aged ≥40 years was related to periodontal disease. Therefore, regular diet evaluations, and the counseling of gingivitis and periodontitis patients by dental experts, will have a positive effect on the restoration and improvement of periodontal health in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ra Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Republic of Korea
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9
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Antioxidant Micronutrients and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2588:41-58. [PMID: 36418681 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2780-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are the major causes of mortality in humans and recent research has improved our understanding of the major impact of lifestyle factors upon inflammatory diseases and conditions. One of the most influential of these is nutrition, which may drive both pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory cascades at molecular and cellular levels. There are a variety of model systems that may be employed to investigate the impact of micronutrients and macronutrients upon inflammatory pathways, many of which operate through oxidative stress, either at the level of controlling the redox state of the cell and downstream redox-regulated gene transcription factors, and other acting as free radical generating or scavenging agents. This chapter focuses upon biological sample preparation prior to assay and details methods for analyzing certain antioxidant micronutrients and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Jeong J, Kim HS, Lee D, Kim K, Kim YH. Association between Four Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204362. [PMID: 36297045 PMCID: PMC9611912 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several dietary patterns are reported as risk factors for several chronic diseases including oral diseases. However, thus far, there has been no comprehensive quantitative analysis of nutrition and periodontal diseases. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The number of samples was used for odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval. Results: Nine papers were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of screening for database search records showed that four diet patterns (western diet, dairy product intake, sugar intake, and vitamin C intake) have enough data for meta-analysis. The risk of periodontal disease in the western-diet group and the lowest dairy product intake group was 1.05 (0.51–2.13) and 1.28 (0.89–1.84), respectively. The risk of periodontal disease in the highest sugar intake group and the lowest vitamin C intake group was 1.52 (0.79–2.91) and 1.15 (1.08–1.23), respectively. Conclusions: With aging of the population globally, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases, and the associated cost also increases. Though this study, we found foods related to the risk of periodontal disease, and we are confident that it will contribute to lowering the incidence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehun Jeong
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Kihun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 49267, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-6368 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8091 (Y.-H.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-6694 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8049 (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yun-Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-6368 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8091 (Y.-H.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-6694 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8049 (Y.-H.K.)
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11
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Pamuk F, Kantarci A. Inflammation as a link between periodontal disease and obesity. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:186-196. [PMID: 35916870 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a critical role in the homeostatic balance, maintenance of health, and longevity. There is a close link between inflammatory diseases and nutritional health. Obesity is a severe pathological process with grave implications on several organ systems and disease processes, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The impact of obesity on periodontal inflammation has not been fully understood; the association between nutritional balance and periodontal inflammation is much less explored. This review is focused on the potential mechanistic links between periodontal diseases and obesity and common inflammatory activity pathways that can be pharmacologically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Pamuk
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Ng MY, Lin T, Chao SC, Chu PM, Yu CC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Natural Compounds in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133614. [PMID: 35806899 PMCID: PMC9267692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major worldwide health burden. DM is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and if left untreated, can lead to various complications. Individuals with uncontrolled DM are more susceptible to periodontitis due to both a hyper-inflammatory host response and an impaired immune response. Periodontitis, on the other hand, may exacerbate DM by increasing both local and systemic inflammatory components of DM-related complications. The current standard for periodontal treatment in diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) focuses mostly on reducing bacterial load and less on controlling the excessive host response, and hence, may not be able to resolve DP completely. Over the past decade, natural compounds have emerged as an adjunct approach for modulating the host immune response with the hope of curing DP. The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic characteristics of natural substances are well-known, and they can be found in regularly consumed foods and drinks, as well as plants. The pathophysiology of DP and the treatment benefits of various bioactive extracts for DP will be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee Ng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yi-lan, Luodong 265501, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2471-8668
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13
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De Angelis P, Gasparini G, Manicone PF, Passarelli PC, Azzolino D, Rella E, De Rosa G, Papi P, Pompa G, De Angelis S, Grassi R, D’Addona A. The Effect of an Optimized Diet as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Subjects with Periodontitis: A Prospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030583. [PMID: 35327061 PMCID: PMC8950350 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are generally categorized as modifiable lifestyle risk factors for the development of periodontal disease because diet may influence a person’s inflammatory status. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the application of a diet plan focused on reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in treating periodontitis. Subjects suffering from periodontitis were divided into two groups. Both groups underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy, and in the optimized diet (OD) group, this treatment was associated with a diet plan. The sample consisted of 60 subjects; 32 (53%) were treated in the non-optimized diet group (ND group) and 28 (47%) in the OD group. In both groups, the periodontal treatment significantly improved the recorded periodontal outcomes between T0 and T1 (FMPS, FMBS, CAL, PPD). Inter-group differences were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). The linear regression models showed that the optimized diet was associated with a higher reduction in PPD and FMBS after the treatment, while patients who had higher LDL levels (over 100 mg/mL) had a less favorable improvement of PPD. The application of an improved diet plan can increase the reduction in PPD and FMBS after non-surgical periodontal therapy when compared with periodontal treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Angelis
- Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Head and Neck, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.D.A.); (P.F.M.); (P.C.P.); (G.D.R.); (A.D.)
- Independent Researcher, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy;
| | - Giulio Gasparini
- Division of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Francesco Manicone
- Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Head and Neck, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.D.A.); (P.F.M.); (P.C.P.); (G.D.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Pier Carmine Passarelli
- Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Head and Neck, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.D.A.); (P.F.M.); (P.C.P.); (G.D.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Domenico Azzolino
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Rella
- Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Head and Neck, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.D.A.); (P.F.M.); (P.C.P.); (G.D.R.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3283386510
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Head and Neck, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.D.A.); (P.F.M.); (P.C.P.); (G.D.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Piero Papi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgio Pompa
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Roberta Grassi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio D’Addona
- Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Head and Neck, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.D.A.); (P.F.M.); (P.C.P.); (G.D.R.); (A.D.)
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14
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Alhassani AA, Hu FB, Rosner BA, Tabung FK, Willett WC, Joshipura KJ. The relationship between inflammatory dietary pattern and incidence of periodontitis. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1698-1708. [PMID: 33413729 PMCID: PMC8263800 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The long-term inflammatory impact of diet could potentially elevate the risk of periodontal disease through modification of systemic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the associations between a food-based, reduced rank regression (RRR)-derived, empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and incidence of periodontitis. The study population was composed of 34 940 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, who were free of periodontal disease and major illnesses at baseline (1986). Participants provided medical and dental history through mailed questionnaires every 2 years and dietary data through validated semi-quantitative FFQ every 4 years. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the associations between EDIP scores and validated self-reported incidence of periodontal disease over a 24-year follow-up period. No overall association between EDIP and the risk of periodontitis was observed; the hazard ratio comparing the highest EDIP quintile (most proinflammatory diet) with the lowest quintile was 0·99 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·10, P-value for trend = 0·97). A secondary analysis showed that among obese non-smokers (i.e. never and former smokers at baseline), the hazard ratio for periodontitis comparing the highest EDIP quintile with the lowest was 1·39 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·96, P-value for trend = 0·03). In conclusion, no overall association was detected between EDIP and incidence of self-reported periodontitis in the study population. From the subgroups evaluated, EDIP was significantly associated with increased risk of periodontitis only among non-smokers who were obese. Hence, this association must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Alhassani
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bernard A. Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kaumudi J. Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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15
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Altun E, Walther C, Borof K, Petersen E, Lieske B, Kasapoudis D, Jalilvand N, Beikler T, Jagemann B, Zyriax BC, Aarabi G. Association between Dietary Pattern and Periodontitis-A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4167. [PMID: 34836422 PMCID: PMC8621734 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between specific known dietary patterns and the prevalence of periodontal disease in a northern population-based cohort study. We evaluated data from 6209 participants of the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS). The HCHS is a prospective cohort study and is registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03934957). Dietary intake was assessed with the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ2). Periodontal examination included probing depth, gingival recession, plaque index, and bleeding on probing. Descriptive analyses were stratified by periodontitis severity. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to determine the association. Ordinal regression analyses revealed a significant association between higher adherence to the DASH diet/Mediterranean diet and lower odds to be affected by periodontal diseases in an unadjusted model (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97; p < 0.001/OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96; p < 0.001) and an adjusted model (age, sex, diabetes) (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.00; p < 0.0365/OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.00; p < 0.0359). The current cross-sectional study identified a significant association between higher adherence to the DASH and Mediterranean diets and lower odds to be affected by periodontal diseases (irrespective of disease severity). Future randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate to which extent macro- and micronutrition can affect periodontitis initiation/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Altun
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Carolin Walther
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Katrin Borof
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Elina Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berit Lieske
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Dimitros Kasapoudis
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Navid Jalilvand
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Bettina Jagemann
- Midwifery Science—Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.J.); (B.-C.Z.)
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science—Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.J.); (B.-C.Z.)
| | - Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.A.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (D.K.); (N.J.); (T.B.); (G.A.)
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16
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Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Complex Extracts of Ligularia stenocephala Matsum. & Koidz. and Secale cereale L. Sprout in Chronic Gingivitis: In Vitro Investigation and Randomized Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101586. [PMID: 34679720 PMCID: PMC8533477 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex extracts of Ligularia stenocephala Matsum. & Koidz. (LSE) and Secale cereale L. sprout (SCSE) (TEES-10®) were prepared. The purposes of the study were to evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of TEES-10® in vitro and to observe resolution of gingivitis in human with oral administration of TEES-10®. The effects of TEES-10® on normal periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced PDL cell viability and the changes of inflammatory mediator expression were evaluated in vitro. In the clinical trial, 150 mg of TEES-10® powder containing capsule was administered twice daily to the test group, while the control group administered placebos in a total 100 participants with gingivitis. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss, gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline and 4 weeks. Administering TEES-10® showed significant increase in PDL cell viability compared to administering LSE or SCSE alone. In addition, treating TEES-10® to LPS induced PDL cell significantly increased PDL cell viability compared to control. TEES-10® suppressed expression of NF-κB, p-ERK, ERK, COX-2, c-Fos and p-STAT and promoted expression of PPARγ in LPS induced PDL cells. In the clinical trial, significant improvement of GI and BOP was observed in the test group at 4 weeks. In addition, the number of patients diagnosed with gingivitis was significantly reduced in the test group at 4 weeks. Salivary MMP-8 and MMP-9 was also significantly decreased compared to placebo group. Within the limitations of this study, the TEES-10® would have an anti-inflammatory potential clinically in the chronic gingivitis patients.
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17
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Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A, Lynch SV, Kapila YL. The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:107-131. [PMID: 34463991 PMCID: PMC8457218 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
States of oral health and disease reflect the compositional and functional capacities of, as well as the interspecies interactions within, the oral microbiota. The oral cavity exists as a highly dynamic microbial environment that harbors many distinct substrata and microenvironments that house diverse microbial communities. Specific to the oral cavity, the nonshedding dental surfaces facilitate the development of highly complex polymicrobial biofilm communities, characterized not only by the distinct microbes comprising them, but cumulatively by their activities. Adding to this complexity, the oral cavity faces near-constant environmental challenges, including those from host diet, salivary flow, masticatory forces, and introduction of exogenous microbes. The composition of the oral microbiome is shaped throughout life by factors including host genetics, maternal transmission, as well as environmental factors, such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practice, medications, and systemic factors. This dynamic ecosystem presents opportunities for oral microbial dysbiosis and the development of dental and periodontal diseases. The application of both in vitro and culture-independent approaches has broadened the mechanistic understandings of complex polymicrobial communities within the oral cavity, as well as the environmental, local, and systemic underpinnings that influence the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Here, we review the present knowledge and current understanding of microbial communities within the oral cavity and the influences and challenges upon this system that encourage homeostasis or provoke microbiome perturbation, and thus contribute to states of oral health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Sedghi
- Department of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vincent DiMassa
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony Harrington
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Department of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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18
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Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Palazzo G, Indelicato F, Isola G. Dietary Factors Affecting the Prevalence and Impact of Periodontal Disease. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:283-292. [PMID: 34267556 PMCID: PMC8276823 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s288137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, growing evidence have shown a possible impact of diet and nutrients on oral health. This review aims to describe, in the light of current knowledge, the role of diet, nutrients, and micronutrients in periodontal health and periodontal diseases. A variety of macronutrients and micronutrients could have an impact on periodontal health. The balanced intake of unprocessed complex carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins positively affects periodontal inflammation. On the other way, refined carbohydrates, non-vegetable proteins, proinflammatory saturated fatty acids and an unbalanced supply of vitamins and minerals may increase periodontal inflammation. This review will discuss the current evidence that shows how a healthy and balanced diet has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on periodontal health. Therefore, it appears that adopting a correct lifestyle and diet should be encouraged in patients with oral and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Indelicato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: Gaetano Isola Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania, 95123, ItalyTel/Fax +390953782453 Email
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19
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Alhassani AA, Hu FB, Li Y, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Joshipura KJ. The associations between major dietary patterns and risk of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:2-13. [PMID: 33020936 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To prospectively investigate the associations between major dietary patterns and incidence of periodontitis. METHODS We included 34,940 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, free of periodontal disease and major illnesses at baseline. Detailed medical and dental history was collected through biennial mailed questionnaires, and dietary information was provided through quadrennial food frequency questionnaires. Using principal component analysis, we identified two major dietary patterns ("prudent" and "Western"). We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the associations between the two dietary patterns and self-reported incidence of periodontitis over a 24-year follow-up period. We investigated each pattern separately. RESULTS There was no overall association between Western or prudent dietary patterns and periodontitis. Among obese, however, the Western dietary pattern was significantly associated with incident periodontitis. The hazard ratio for those in the highest quintile of Western diet versus those in the lowest (reference) was 1.83 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-2.76). CONCLUSIONS There was no overall association between Western or prudent dietary patterns and periodontitis; however, in subgroups analysis, the Western diet was significantly associated with higher periodontitis risk only among obese men, a finding that requires replication and biological explication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Alhassani
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaumudi J Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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20
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Severe magnesium deficiency compromises systemic bone mineral density and aggravates inflammatory bone resorption. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 77:108301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Kunsongkeit P, Okuma N, Rassameemasmaung S, Chaivanit P. Effect of Vitamin C as an Adjunct in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:444-449. [PMID: 31280483 PMCID: PMC6890498 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The main purpose of this article is to evaluate periodontal parameters of chronic periodontitis patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus after initial periodontal therapy plus vitamin C.
Materials and Methods
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was conducted. Subjects received initial periodontal therapy plus 500 mg/day vitamin C for 2 months (
n
= 15) or placebo (
n
= 16). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and plasma vitamin C level were assessed at baseline and 2 months post-treatment. Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, Gingival Index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-treatment.
Results
Almost all subjects had low level of plasma vitamin C at baseline. In the test group, plasma vitamin C was significantly increased to an adequate level at the end of 2 months. After periodontal treatment, FBS and HbA1c were not significantly different compared with baseline in the test group. In the control group, FBS was significantly decreased from baseline. However, no significant difference between groups was found either in FBS or HbA1c. All periodontal parameters were significantly improved from baseline in both groups. However, no significant difference was found between groups.
Conclusion
Supplementation of 500 mg/day vitamin C did not give an additional benefit in promoting periodontal status in periodontitis patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapat Kunsongkeit
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nis Okuma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanee Rassameemasmaung
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pechngam Chaivanit
- Internal Medicine Division, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
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Hong JY, Lee JS, Choi SH, Shin HS, Park JC, Shin SI, Chung JH. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study for evaluating the effects of fixed-dose combinations of vitamin C, vitamin E, lysozyme, and carbazochrome on gingival inflammation in chronic periodontitis patients. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:40. [PMID: 30845920 PMCID: PMC6407240 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate gingival inflammation from fixed-dose combinations of vitamin C, vitamin E, lysozyme and carbazochrome (CELC) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis following scaling and root planing. Methods One hundred patients were randomly assigned to receive CELC (test) or placebo (control) for the first 4 weeks at a 1:1 ratio, and both groups received CELC for the remaining 4 weeks. Primary outcome was the mean change in the gingival index (GI) after 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included mean change in GI after 8 weeks and plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and VAS at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Results Ninety-three patients completed the study. The GI in the test group significantly decreased after 4 weeks (p < 0.001) and 8 weeks (p < 0.001). The mean change from baseline in GI significantly decreased in the test group compared to the control group after 4 weeks (p = 0.015). In the GEE model adjusting for age, gender and visits, the test group showed 2.5 times GI improvement compared to the control group (p = 0.022). Conclusions Within the study, CELC showed a significant reduction in gingival inflammation compared with a placebo. Other parameters, however, were similar between groups. Trial registration KCT0001366 (Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea) and 29 Jan 2015, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Shin
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Park
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Il Shin
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Chung
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Comorbid conditions are a risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw unrelated to antiresorptive therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 127:140-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ebersole JL, Lambert J, Bush H, Huja PE, Basu A. Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1986. [PMID: 30558282 PMCID: PMC6316450 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease damages tissues as a result of dysregulated host responses against the chronic bacterial biofilm insult and approximately 50% of US adults >30 years old exhibit periodontitis. The association of five blood nutrients and periodontitis were evaluated due to our previous findings regarding a potential protective effect for these nutrients in periodontal disease derived from the US population sampled as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999⁻2004). Data from over 15,000 subjects was analyzed for blood levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E, linked with analysis of the presence and severity of periodontitis. Moderate/severe disease patients had lower cis-β-carotene levels across all racial/ethnic groups and these decreased levels in moderate/severe periodontitis were exacerbated with age. β-cryptoxanthin demonstrated lower levels in severe disease patients across the entire age range in all racial/ethnic groups. Folate differences were evident across the various age groups with consistently lower levels in periodontitis patients >30 years and most pronounced in females. Lower levels of vitamin D were consistently noted across the entire age range of patients with a greater difference seen in females with periodontitis. Finally, an analytical approach to identify interactions among these nutrients related to age and periodontitis showed interactions of vitamin D in females, and folate with race in the population. These findings suggest that improving specific nutrient intake leading to elevated blood levels of a combination of these protective factors may provide a novel strategy to affect the significant increase in periodontitis that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, B221, MS 7425, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
| | - Joshua Lambert
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Pinar Emecen Huja
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
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Ebersole JL, Dawson DA, Emecen Huja P, Pandruvada S, Basu A, Nguyen L, Zhang Y, Gonzalez OA. Age and Periodontal Health - Immunological View. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2018; 5:229-241. [PMID: 30555774 PMCID: PMC6291006 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Aging clearly impacts a wide array of systems, in particular the breadth of the immune system leading to immunosenescence, altered immunoactivation, and coincident inflammaging processes. The net result of these changes leads to increased susceptibility to infections, increased neoplastic occurrences, and elevated frequency of autoimmune diseases with aging. However, as the bacteria in the oral microbiome that contribute to the chronic infection of periodontitis is acquired earlier in life, the characteristics of the innate and adaptive immune systems to regulate these members of the autochthonous microbiota across the lifespan remains ill defined. RECENT FINDINGS Clear data demonstrate that both cells and molecules of the innate and adaptive immune response are adversely impacted by aging, including in the oral cavity, yielding a reasonable tenet that the increased periodontitis noted in aging populations is reflective of the age-associated immune dysregulation. Additionally, this facet of host-microbe interactions and disease needs to accommodate the population variation in disease onset and progression, which may also reflect an accumulation of environmental stressors and/or decreased protective nutrients that could function at the gene level (ie. epigenetic) or translational level for production and secretion of immune system molecules. SUMMARY Finally, the majority of studies of aging and periodontitis have emphasized the increased prevalence/severity of disease with aging, all based upon chronological age. However, evolving areas of study focusing on "biological aging" to help account for population variation in disease expression, may suggest that chronic periodontitis represents a co-morbidity that contributes to "gerovulnerability" within the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - D A Dawson
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - P Emecen Huja
- Department of Periodontics, JBE College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - S Pandruvada
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, JBE College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - A Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - L Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Y Zhang
- Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Babaei H, Forouzandeh F, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Yousefimanesh HA, Ravanbakhsh M, Zare Javid A. Effects of Chicory Leaf Extract on Serum Oxidative Stress Markers, Lipid Profile and Periodontal Status in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:479-486. [PMID: 29558323 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1437371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of chicory leaf extract on serum oxidative stress markers, lipid profile, and periodontal status in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial 40 patients with chronic periodontitis were allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a 1-gram chicory leaf methanolic extract capsule twice daily for 8 weeks. In the control group, participants received a placebo capsule (containing 1 gram wheat flour) twice daily for 8 weeks. All participants had nonsurgical periodontal therapy during the study. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid, lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), and pocket depth (PD) were assessed before and after intervention. RESULTS The results showed that mean serum TAC, uric acid, and HDL-C increased and mean serum MDA, TG, LDL-C, and TC decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to their baseline and the control group post-intervention. A significant difference was observed in mean PD between the two groups. CONCLUSION Chicory leaf extract as an adjunct nutritional approach with nonsurgical periodontal therapy may be helpful in controlling periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Babaei
- a Drug Applied Research Center , School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Forouzandeh
- b Department of Nutrition , School of Paramedical Sciences, Arvand International Branch, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Leila Maghsoumi-Norouzabad
- c Student Research Committee , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
- e Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Hyperlipidemia Research Center , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Hojat Allah Yousefimanesh
- d Department of Periodontology , School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Maryam Ravanbakhsh
- c Student Research Committee , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Ahmad Zare Javid
- e Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Hyperlipidemia Research Center , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Dietary Polyphenols and Periodontitis-A Mini-Review of Literature. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071786. [PMID: 30036945 PMCID: PMC6099717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is a chronic infection and disease of the periodontium, is a significant global health burden and is linked to other chronic health conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary polyphenols present in a wide variety of plant-based foods, herbs, and botanicals have been shown to exert antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and reduced osteoclast and alveolar bone loss activities in animal models of periodontitis. Polyphenol-containing beverages and foods especially green tea and its active catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate, cranberries, pomegranates, and fruit and vegetable extracts have reported bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against microbial species such as P. gingivalis and shown total bacterial burden in clinical studies. These polyphenols also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which have the potential to impact various biological mechanisms for reducing the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The main objective of this mini-review is to focus on the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols in improving the pathophysiology underlying chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis based on pre-clinical and clinical models.
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Salazar CR, Laniado N, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Borrell LN, Qi Q, Sotres-Alvarez D, Morse DE, Singer RH, Kaplan RC, Badner V, Lamster IB. Better-quality diet is associated with lower odds of severe periodontitis in US Hispanics/Latinos. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:780-790. [PMID: 29779261 PMCID: PMC6023728 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the cross-sectional association between diet quality and severe periodontitis in a sample of diverse Hispanics from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 13,920 Hispanic/Latinos aged 18-74 years of different heritages underwent a full-mouth oral examination and completed two 24-hr dietary recalls during 2008-2011. Severe periodontitis was defined as having ≥30% tooth sites with clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). We evaluated the association of diet quality with severe periodontitis adjusting for age, sex, nativity status, income, education, last dental visit, current insurance, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and energy intake. RESULTS Relative to those at the lowest quartile of diet quality, individuals at the highest quartile had significantly lower odds of severe periodontitis (adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.82), with evidence of a dose-response relationship across AHEI quartiles. Among AHEI-2010 components, higher consumption of whole grains and fruits, and lower consumption of red/processed meats were associated with lower odds of severe periodontitis. CONCLUSION Better-quality diet was associated with lower prevalence of severe periodontitis although the causal pathways need to be clarified in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Salazar
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Nadia Laniado
- Department of Dentistry, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Luisa N. Borrell
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Douglas E. Morse
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Richard H Singer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Victor Badner
- Department of Dentistry, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ira B. Lamster
- Stony Brook University, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
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Lourenço AL, Booij-Vrieling HE, Vossebeld CB, Neves A, Viegas C, Corbee RJ. The effect of dietary corn oil and fish oil supplementation in dogs with naturally occurring gingivitis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1382-1389. [PMID: 29908038 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate if downregulation of the inflammatory response due to ingestion of high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can slow down gingivitis development, and thus delay the progression of periodontal disease (PD) in dogs. To this aim, 44 client-owned adult dogs (>1 and <8 years old) with naturally occurring PD (stages 1 and 2) were submitted to a plaque, gingivitis and calculus scoring followed by a dental cleaning procedure and collection of blood samples. The animals were then fed a canine adult maintenance diet, supplemented with either corn oil (0.00 g EPA and 0.00 g DHA) or fish oil (1.53 g EPA and 0.86 g DHA, both per 1,000 kcal ME) over the following 5 months. At the end of this period, the PD scoring and the blood sampling were repeated. The animals consuming fish oil had higher plasma levels of the longer chain (C ≥ 20) omega 3 fatty acids (p < 0.01) and similar plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid (p = 0.53), omega 6 fatty acids (p > 0.63) and C reactive protein (p = 0.28) then the ones consuming corn oil. There were no differences between fish oil and corn oil diet supplementation on plaque (18.2 vs. 17.8, p = 0.78), calculus (10.1 vs. 11.5, p = 0.18) or gingivitis (19.3 vs. 19.0, p = 0.77) indexes. The authors conclude that supplementation with EPA + DHA does not slow down progression of PD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Lourenço
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henriette E Booij-Vrieling
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen B Vossebeld
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - António Neves
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhou M, Wang ZL. [Protective effects of hydrogen-rich medium on lipopolysaccharides-induced injury in human periodontal ligament cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:123-127. [PMID: 29779270 PMCID: PMC7030352 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was used to damage human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and consequently investigate the protective effects of hydrogen on reducing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis rate. METHODS hPDLCs were isolated, and then cultured with normal medium+1 μg·mL⁻¹ LPS or with hydrogen-rich medium+
1 μg·mL⁻¹ LPS. Cell proliferation activity was assessed using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release was also detected. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) in supernatants were also measured. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry at 24 h after LPS stimulation. RESULTS CCK-8 results showed that hydrogen could significantly improve hPDLCs growth and decrease cell apoptosis under LPS stimulation (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in LDH release was found between the two groups. The CAT levels significantly increased at 6 and 12 h in the hydrogen-rich medium as compared with the normal medium group (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). However, SOD levels were not significant different at each time point. At 6 h after LPS stimulation, the MDA levels in the cell supernatant of hydrogen-rich medium group were significantly reduced as compared with those in the normal medium group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The hydrogen-rich medium can effectively improve hPDLCs proliferation activity and antioxidant capacity and reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress under LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Dept. of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Wang
- Dept. of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
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Sarangarajan R, Meera S, Rukkumani R, Sankar P, Anuradha G. Antioxidants: Friend or foe? ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1111-1116. [PMID: 29268965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are the intermediates that are formed during the normal metabolic process which are effectively neutralized by the antioxidant system of the body. Any imbalance in this neutralization process causes oxidative stress which has been implicated as one of the cause in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disorders, cancer etc. Research has enabled the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases. Literature also puts forth the negative effects of using antioxidants in the treatment of diseases. This review is a compilation of both the beneficial and detrimental effects of use of antioxidants in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sarangarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Madha Dental College, Kundrathur, Chennai, India.
| | - S Meera
- Private Dental Practitioner, Sree Sai Dental Care, Chennai, India
| | - R Rukkumani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - P Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - G Anuradha
- Private Dental Practitioner, Sai Raghav Dental Clinic, Chennai, India
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Alsharief M, Kaye EK. Alcohol Consumption May Increase the Risk for Periodontal Disease in Some Adult Populations. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2017; 17:59-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chapple ILC, Griffiths HR, Milward MR, Ling MR, Grant MM. Antioxidant Micronutrients and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1537:61-77. [PMID: 27924588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6685-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are the major causes of mortality in humans and recent research has improved our understanding of the major impact of life-style factors upon inflammatory diseases and conditions. One of the most influential of these is nutrition, which may drive both pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory cascades at molecular and cellular levels. There are a variety of model systems that may be employed to investigate the impact of micronutrients and macronutrients upon inflammatory pathways, many of which operate through oxidative stress, either at the level of controlling the redox state of the cell and downstream redox-regulated gene transcription factors, and other acting as free radical generating or scavenging agents. This chapter focuses upon biological sample preparation prior to assay and details methods for analyzing certain antioxidant micronutrients and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain L C Chapple
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- School of Dentisty, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Martin R Ling
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Melissa M Grant
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
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Abstract
While the research base is limited, studies have consistently reported poor oral health in elite athletes since the first report from the 1968 Olympic Games. The finding is consistent both across selected samples attending dental clinics at major competitions and more representative sampling of teams and has led to calls from the International Olympic Committee for more accurate data on oral health. Poor oral health is an important issue directly as it can cause pain, negative effects on appearance and psychosocial effects on confidence and quality of life and may have long-term consequences for treatment burden. Self-reported evidence also suggests an impact on training and performance of athletes. There are many potential challenges to the oral health of athletes including nutritional, oral dehydration, exercise-induced immune suppression, lack of awareness, negative health behaviours and lack of prioritisation. However, in theory, oral diseases are preventable by simple interventions with good evidence of efficacy. The consensus statement aims to raise awareness of the issues of oral health in elite sport and recommends strategies for prevention and health promotion in addition to future research strategies.
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Role of Lipids in the Onset, Progression and Treatment of Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review of Studies in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081202. [PMID: 27463711 PMCID: PMC5000600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of different oral problems (root caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss) can be increased by the presence of periodontal disease, which has also been associated with a growing list of systemic diseases. The presence of some bacteria is the primary etiology of this disease; a susceptible host is also necessary for disease initiation. In this respect, the progression of periodontal disease and healing of the periodontal tissues can be modulated by nutritional status. To clarify the role of lipids in the establishment, progression, and/or treatment of this pathology, a systematic review was conducted of English-written literature in PubMed until May 2016, which included research on the relationship of these dietary components with the onset and progression of periodontal disease. According to publication type, randomized-controlled trials, cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included. Among all the analyzed components, those that have any effect on oxidative stress and/or inflammation seem to be the most interesting according to current evidence. On one hand, there is quite a lot of information in favor of a positive role of n-3 fatty acids, due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. On the other hand, saturated fat-rich diets increase oxidative stress as well the as intensity and duration of inflammatory processes, so they must be avoided.
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Abstract
The identification of inflammatory periodontal disease and education in local and systemic risk factors and their management forms the foundation of the treatment of this disease. Nutrition is potentially a modifiable risk factor that could drive or abrogate the underlying oxidative stress in periodontitis. As research in this area is still in its infancy, clinical guidance on the delivery of dietary advice for susceptible patients is scarce. This paper will explain the possible mechanisms linking nutrition and periodontal disease, as well as the guidelines currently available to the dental profession. CPD/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: With a growing evidence base, an appreciation of the links between nutrition and inflammatory periodontal disease can help guide clinicians in educating patients on this potentially important modifiable risk factor.
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Hamasaki T, Kitamura M, Kawashita Y, Ando Y, Saito T. Periodontal disease and percentage of calories from fat using national data. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:114-121. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hamasaki
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Home Economics; Kyushu Women's University; Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Japan
| | - M. Kitamura
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Y. Kawashita
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Y. Ando
- Department of Health Promotion; National Institute of Public Health; Wako, Saitama Japan
| | - T. Saito
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
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PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Retina 2015; 35:982-8. [PMID: 25627087 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the association between periodontal disease (PD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS For this cross-sectional analysis, 8,208 adults aged 40 years or older with retinal photographs graded for AMD were used from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III standardized dental measurements of PD status (defined as loss of >3 mm of attachment between the gum and tooth in at least 10% of sites measured). Participants were stratified into 60 years or younger and older than 60 years of age groups. Association between PD and AMD was assessed while controlling for sex, race, education, poverty income ratio, smoking, hypertension, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS In this population, a total of 52.30% had PD, and the prevalence of AMD was 11.45%. Logistic regression model controlled for confounders and stratified by age 60 years or younger versus older than 60 years showed PD to be independently associated with an increased risk for AMD (odds ratio = 1.96, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-3.14, P = 0.006) for those aged 60 years or younger but not for subjects older than 60 years (odds ratio = 1.32, confidence interval = 0.93-1.90, P = 0.120). CONCLUSION In this population-based study, PD is independently associated with AMD in those aged 60 years or younger.
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Application of coenzyme Q10 for accelerating soft tissue wound healing after tooth extraction in rats. Nutrients 2014; 6:5756-69. [PMID: 25514392 PMCID: PMC4276996 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerating wound healing after tooth extraction is beneficial in dental treatment. Application of antioxidants, such as reduced coenzyme Q10 (rCoQ10), may promote wound healing after tooth extraction. In this study, we examined the effects of topical application of rCoQ10 on wound healing after tooth extraction in rats. After maxillary first molars were extracted, male Fischer 344 rats (8 weeks old) (n = 27) received topical application of ointment containing 5% rCoQ10 (experimental group) or control ointment (control group) to the sockets for 3 or 8 days (n = 6–7/group). At 3 days after extraction, the experimental group showed higher collagen density and lower numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the upper part of socket, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Gene expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB were also lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). At 8 days after tooth extraction, there were no significant differences in collagen density, number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bone fill between the groups. Our results suggest that topical application of rCoQ10 promotes wound healing in the soft tissue of the alveolar socket, but that rCoQ10 has a limited effect on bone remodeling in rats.
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Severe periodontitis is inversely associated with coffee consumption in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. Nutrients 2014; 6:4476-90. [PMID: 25338270 PMCID: PMC4210930 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study addressed the relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis in patients during the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. A total of 414 periodontitis patients in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment completed a questionnaire including items related to coffee intake and underwent periodontal examination. Logistic regression analysis showed that presence of moderate/severe periodontitis was correlated with presence of hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.99, p < 0.05), smoking (former, OR = 5.63, p < 0.01; current, OR = 6.81, p = 0.076), number of teeth present (OR = 0.89, p < 0.001), plaque control record ≥20% (OR = 1.88, p < 0.05), and duration of maintenance phase (OR = 1.07, p < 0.01). On the other hand, presence of severe periodontitis was correlated with smoking (former, OR = 1.35, p = 0.501; current, OR = 3.98, p < 0.05), coffee consumption (≥1 cup/day, OR = 0.55, p < 0.05), number of teeth present (OR = 0.95, p < 0.05), and bleeding on probing ≥ 20% (OR = 3.67, p < 0.001). There appears to be an inverse association between coffee consumption (≥1 cup/day) and prevalence of severe periodontitis in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment.
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Needleman I, Ashley P, Fine P, Haddad F, Loosemore M, de Medici A, Donos N, Newton T, van Someren K, Moazzez R, Jaques R, Hunter G, Khan K, Shimmin M, Brewer J, Meehan L, Mills S, Porter S. Oral health and elite sport performance. Br J Sports Med 2014; 49:3-6. [PMID: 25263651 PMCID: PMC4316856 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the research base is limited, studies have consistently reported poor oral health in elite athletes since the first report from the 1968 Olympic Games. The finding is consistent both across selected samples attending dental clinics at major competitions and more representative sampling of teams and has led to calls from the International Olympic Committee for more accurate data on oral health. Poor oral health is an important issue directly as it can cause pain, negative effects on appearance and psychosocial effects on confidence and quality of life and may have long-term consequences for treatment burden. Self-reported evidence also suggests an impact on training and performance of athletes. There are many potential challenges to the oral health of athletes including nutritional, oral dehydration, exercise-induced immune suppression, lack of awareness, negative health behaviours and lack of prioritisation. However, in theory, oral diseases are preventable by simple interventions with good evidence of efficacy. The consensus statement aims to raise awareness of the issues of oral health in elite sport and recommends strategies for prevention and health promotion in addition to future research strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Fine
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Fares Haddad
- UCL Institute for Sport Exercise and Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rod Jaques
- English Institute of Sport, Bath, UK Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Karim Khan
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - John Brewer
- St Mary's University, Twickenham, School of Sport, Health & Applied Science, UK
| | | | - Steve Mills
- Past President, Academy for Sports Dentistry, Farmersville, Illinois, USA
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Daiya S, Sharma RK, Tewari S, Narula SC, Kumar Sehgal P. Micronutrients and superoxide dismutase in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis: a pilot interventional study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014; 44:207-13. [PMID: 25177523 PMCID: PMC4148634 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study was aimed at investigating changes in periodontal parameters and superoxide dismutase activity triggered by root surface debridement with and without micronutrient supplementation in postmenopausal women. Methods Forty-three postmenopausal chronic periodontitis patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=22) were provided periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing (SRP) and group 2 (n=21) patients received SRP along with systemic administration of micronutrient antioxidants. Patients in both groups were subjected to root surface debridement. Group 2 patients also received adjunctive micronutrient antioxidant supplementation. Serum and salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity along with periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Results Salivary and serum SOD values significantly (P<0.05) improved with periodontal treatment. Improvement in systemic enzymatic antioxidant status along with reduction in gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing (%) sites was significantly greater in group 2 as compared to group 1. Conclusions Adjunctive micronutrient supplements reduce periodontal inflammation and improve the status of systemic enzymatic antioxidants in postmenopausal women. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Daiya
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar Sharma
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Shikha Tewari
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Satish Chander Narula
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Paramjeet Kumar Sehgal
- Department of Blood & Transfusion Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
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Chapple ILC, Busby M, Clover H, Matthews R. Periodontal disease and systemic disease. J R Soc Med 2014; 107:94. [PMID: 24585887 DOI: 10.1177/0141076813518770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iain L C Chapple
- Denplan Ltd, Denplan Court, Victoria Road, Winchester, SO23 7RG, UK
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Reynolds MA. Modifiable risk factors in periodontitis: at the intersection of aging and disease. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:7-19. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dawson DR, Branch-Mays G, Gonzalez OA, Ebersole JL. Dietary modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:161-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Touger-Decker R, Mobley C. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: oral health and nutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113:693-701. [PMID: 23601893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that nutrition is an integral component of oral health. The Academy supports integration of oral health with nutrition services, education, and research. Collaboration between dietetics practitioners and oral health care professionals is recommended for oral health promotion and disease prevention and intervention. Scientific and epidemiological data suggest a lifelong synergy between diet, nutrition, and integrity of the oral cavity in health and disease. Oral health and nutrition have a multifaceted relationship. Oral infectious diseases, as well as acute, chronic, and systemic diseases with oral manifestations, impact an individual's functional ability to eat and their nutrition status. Likewise, nutrition and diet can affect the development and integrity of the oral cavity and progression of oral diseases. As knowledge of the link between oral and nutrition health increases, dietetics practitioners and oral health care professionals must learn to provide screening, education, and referrals as part of comprehensive client/patient care. The provision of medical nutrition therapy, including oral and overall health, is incorporated into the Standards of Practice for registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered. Inclusion of didactic and clinical practice concepts that illustrate the role of nutrition in oral health is essential in education programs for both professional groups. Collaborative endeavors between dietetics, dentistry, medicine, and allied health professionals in research, education, and delineation of practice roles are needed to ensure comprehensive health care. The multifaceted interactions between diet, nutrition, and oral health in practice, education, and research in both dietetics and dentistry merit continued, detailed delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riva Touger-Decker
- University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Health Related Professions, Newark, NJ, USA
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Use of dietary supplements in patients seeking treatment at a periodontal clinic. Nutrients 2013; 5:1110-21. [PMID: 23549330 PMCID: PMC3705338 DOI: 10.3390/nu5041110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplement use may modify the risk of periodontal disease but effects on wound healing after periodontal procedures are less clear. This study characterized dietary supplement use by male and female patients (n = 376) attending a periodontal clinic—information that is essential for evidence-based intervention studies that may improve patient outcomes after periodontal procedures. Calcium, vitamin D, multivitamin and vitamin C were most commonly used. A greater (p ≤ 0.05) number of males took no supplements compared to females, and more (p ≤ 0.05) females than males took ≥ four supplements. Females took more (p ≤ 0.05) calcium, vitamin D, fish oil, green tea, magnesium, omega 3,6,9 and B vitamin complex. Younger patients (31–50 years) had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) frequency of no supplement use compared to older age groups. Patients over age 50 had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) frequency of using ≥ four supplements including calcium and vitamin D. Supplement use was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in smokers, particularly for calcium, fish oil, green tea and vitamin D. In conclusion, females, older individuals and non-smokers have higher supplement use. Future dietary intervention studies can focus on supplements with known biological activities—anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or osteogenic activity—that may enhance wound healing after reconstructive periodontal procedures.
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Phospholipases of mineralization competent cells and matrix vesicles: roles in physiological and pathological mineralizations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5036-129. [PMID: 23455471 PMCID: PMC3634480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis—a bone resorbing disease—and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites—such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.
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Sezer U, Kara Mİ, Ercıyas K, Ozdemir H, Üstün K, Ozer H, Göze F. Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:38-44. [PMID: 22242550 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.650195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the systemic administration of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) would prevent excessive tissue destruction in ligature-induced periodontitis in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were used in the current study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each: (1) non-ligated treatment (NL) group, (2) ligature-only (LO) group, (3) ligature plus GB28 (28 mg/kg, daily for 11 days) group and (4) ligature plus GB56 (56 mg/kg, daily for 11 days) group. RESULTS Measurement of alveolar bone loss in the mandibular molar tooth revealed significantly lower bone loss values in the LO group compared to groups NL, GB28 and GB56 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present results are the first data which suggests that host response in periodontitis can be modified by EGb administration. EGb minimized progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Sezer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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