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Yinhe S, Lixiang L, Yan L, Xiang G, Yanqing L, Xiuli Z. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and its inactivated bacteria ameliorate colitis by inhibiting macrophage activation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102276. [PMID: 38158154 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT) has protective effect against colon inflammation in murine models. Macrophages play an important role in gut immunity. However, the specific mechanisms of BT on macrophage are still unelucidated. Thus, our study investigates the anti-inflammatory effect of BT and its heat-treated inactivated bacteria on experimental colitis and macrophages. METHODS A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis model with male C57BL/6 mice, BT (ATCC29148) strain, THP1 cell lines were used in this study. Live and heat-treated inactivated BT (IBT) solution (1 × 10^9cfu/ml) were intragastrically gavaged daily for 14 days. Colonic inflammation was determined by the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, histological score, and inflammatory factors. THP1 cells were induced towards M1, then treated with different concentrations of inactivated BT solution and p38 inhibitor. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR were performed to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines and molecules of MAPK pathway including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-22, p38 and phosphor-p38 expressions. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing of colitis murine fecal samples was applied to investigate the influence of supplementation of BT to the gut microbiota homeostasis. RESULTS Both live and heat-treated inactivated BT decreased the DAI and histological scores as well as levels of inflammatory factors, particularly IL-6 while increasing IL-22 of DSS-induced colitis murine models. The cell experiments showed that inactivated BT downregulates IL-6 expression in THP1 via inhibiting p38 phosphorylation and affecting M1 polarization. Moreover, the 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that BT and IBT gavage could increase beta-diversity of gut flora in DSS-induced colitis mice. Furthermore, the significance test for differences between the groups showed that BT could increase Faecalebaculum, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, while decreasing Akkermansia. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings imply that BT and its heat-treated inactivated bacteria exert a protective effect by suppressing macrophage-induced IL-6 through the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway and ameliorating intestinal gut dysbiosis in experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikong Yinhe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Lixiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Yanqing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zuo Xiuli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Ma H, Yang L, Liang Y, Liu F, Hu J, Zhang R, Li Y, Yuan L, Feng F. B. thetaiotaomicron-derived acetic acid modulate immune microenvironment and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2297846. [PMID: 38270111 PMCID: PMC10813637 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in its development and progression. In this study, the association between B. thetaiotaomicron, a gut microbiota species, and HCC recurrence, as well as patient clinical outcomes, was investigated. It was observed that B. thetaiotaomicron-derived acetic acid has the potential to modulate the polarization of pro-pro-inflammatory macrophagess, which promotes the function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The increased biosynthesis of fatty acids was implicated in the modulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages polarization by B. thetaiotaomicron-derived acetic acid. Furthermore, B. thetaiotaomicron-derived acetic acid was found to facilitate the transcription of ACC1, a key enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, through histone acetylation modification in the ACC1 promoter region. Curcumin, an acetylation modification inhibitor, significantly blocked the inhibitory effects of B. thetaiotaomicron and acetic acid on HCC tumor growth. These findings highlight the potential role of gut microbiota-derived acetic acid in HCC recurrence and patient clinical outcomes, and suggest a complex interplay between gut microbiota, immune modulation, fatty acid metabolism, and epigenetic regulation in the context of HCC development. Further research in this area may provide insights into novel strategies for HCC prevention and treatment by targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Liang
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- Shanghai KR Pharmtech, Inc. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shanghai KR Pharmtech, Inc. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiling Feng
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Tanihiro R, Yuki M, Sasai M, Haseda A, Kagami-Katsuyama H, Hirota T, Honma N, Nishihira J. Effects of Prebiotic Yeast Mannan on Gut Health and Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:141. [PMID: 38201970 PMCID: PMC10780920 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human gut health is closely related to sleep. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of yeast mannan (YM) in improving bowel habits and sleep quality, along with metabolomics in fecal samples. A total of 40 healthy adults (age range, 22-64 years) with discomfort in defecation were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive either YM (n = 20; 1.1 g/day) or placebo (n = 20) for four weeks. Participants recorded their defecation habits throughout the test periods. Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) recording using an EEG device and fecal sampling were performed pre- and post-treatment. The YM group significantly increased defecation frequency and stool volumes compared to the placebo group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the non-REM sleep stage 3 (N3) duration in the YM group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group. YM ingestion significantly lengthened total time in bed (TIB) and significantly shortened N3 latency compared to placebo intake during the trial. The metabolomics analysis found a total of 20 metabolite differences between the YM and placebo groups. As a result of stepwise linear regression, changes in fecal propionate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were identified as the primary factors explaining changes in TIB and N3 latency, respectively. Our findings suggest that the prebiotic YM could be beneficial to gut health and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Tanihiro
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya 302-0106, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Masahiro Yuki
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya 302-0106, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Masaki Sasai
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya 302-0106, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Akane Haseda
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-8585, Japan (J.N.)
| | - Hiroyo Kagami-Katsuyama
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-8585, Japan (J.N.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Hirota
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya 302-0106, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Naoyuki Honma
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-8585, Japan (J.N.)
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-8585, Japan (J.N.)
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Groisman EA, Han W, Krypotou E. Advancing the fitness of gut commensal bacteria. Science 2023; 382:766-768. [PMID: 37972163 PMCID: PMC10838159 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient starvation of beneficial bacteria helps them colonize the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emilia Krypotou
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
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Kim K, Kang M, Cho BK. Systems and synthetic biology-driven engineering of live bacterial therapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1267378. [PMID: 37929193 PMCID: PMC10620806 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1267378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen growing interest in bacterial engineering for therapeutically relevant applications. While early efforts focused on repurposing genetically tractable model strains, such as Escherichia coli, engineering gut commensals is gaining traction owing to their innate capacity to survive and stably propagate in the intestine for an extended duration. Although limited genetic tractability has been a major roadblock, recent advances in systems and synthetic biology have unlocked our ability to effectively harness native gut commensals for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, ranging from the rational design of synthetic microbial consortia to the construction of synthetic cells that execute "sense-and-respond" logic operations that allow real-time detection and therapeutic payload delivery in response to specific signals in the intestine. In this review, we outline the current progress and latest updates on microbial therapeutics, with particular emphasis on gut commensal engineering driven by synthetic biology and systems understanding of their molecular phenotypes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of engineering gut commensals for therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Elkholy SE, Maher SA, Abd El-Hamid NR, Elsayed HA, Hassan WA, Abdelmaogood AKK, Hussein SM, Jaremko M, Alshawwa SZ, Alharbi HM, Imbaby S. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics and azithromycin in dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via TLR4-NF-κB and p38-MAPK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115005. [PMID: 37327586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic autoimmune disease of the gut with a relapsing and remitting nature, considers a major health-care problem. DSS is a well-studied pharmacologically-induced model for UC. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and its close association with p-38-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (p-38 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has important regulatory roles in inflammation and developing UC. Probiotics are gaining popularity for their potential in UC therapy. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role of azithromycin in UC remains a knowledge need. In the present rats-established UC, the therapeutic roles of oral probiotics (60 billion probiotic bacteria per kg per day) and azithromycin (40 mg per kg per day) regimens were evaluated by measuring changes in disease activity index, macroscopic damage index, oxidative stress markers, TLR4, p-38 MAPK, NF-κB signaling pathway in addition to their molecular downstream; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). After individual and combination therapy with probiotics and azithromycin regimens, the histological architecture of the UC improved with restoration of intestinal tissue normal architecture. These findings were consistent with the histopathological score of colon tissues. Each separate regimen lowered the remarkable TLR4, p-38 MAPK, iNOS, NF-κB as well as TNFα, IL1β, IL6 and MDA expressions and elevated the low IL10, glutathione and superoxide dismutase expressions in UC tissues. The combination regimen possesses the most synergistic beneficial effects in UC that, following thorough research, should be incorporated into the therapeutic approach in UC to boost the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen E Elkholy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Ahmad Maher
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noura R Abd El-Hamid
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Genetics unit, Histology and cell biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba A Elsayed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdou Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al Bukayriyah 52726, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa K K Abdelmaogood
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samar M Hussein
- Physiology Department, Faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Imbaby
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Krypotou E, Townsend GE, Gao X, Tachiyama S, Liu J, Pokorzynski ND, Goodman AL, Groisman EA. Bacteria require phase separation for fitness in the mammalian gut. Science 2023; 379:1149-1156. [PMID: 36927025 PMCID: PMC10148683 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic manipulation of the gut microbiota holds great potential for human health. The mechanisms bacteria use to colonize the gut therefore present valuable targets for clinical intervention. We now report that bacteria use phase separation to enhance fitness in the mammalian gut. We establish that the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the broadly and highly conserved transcription termination factor Rho is necessary and sufficient for phase separation in vivo and in vitro in the human commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Phase separation increases transcription termination by Rho in an IDR-dependent manner. Moreover, the IDR is critical for gene regulation in the gut. Our findings expose phase separation as vital for host-commensal bacteria interactions and relevant for novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Krypotou
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Guy E. Townsend
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Road, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Xiaohui Gao
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Shoichi Tachiyama
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Nick D. Pokorzynski
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Andrew L. Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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The Therapeutic Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Mediated Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Gut Microbiota Relationships in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194113. [PMID: 36235765 PMCID: PMC9572225 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recognized as a promising dietary regimen for the treatment of several diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of indigestible dietary fibre in the gut have potential value for their underlying epigenetic role in the treatment of obesity and asthma-related inflammation through mediating the relationships between VLCKD and the infant gut microbiota. However, it is still unclear how VLCKD might influence gut microbiota composition in children, and how SCFAs could play a role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To overcome this knowledge gap, this review aims to investigate the role of SCFAs as key epigenetic metabolites that mediate VLCKD-gut microbiota relationships in children, and their therapeutic potential in IBD.
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Chavkin TA, Pham LD, Kostic A. E. coli Nissle 1917 modulates host glucose metabolism without directly acting on glucose. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23230. [PMID: 34853343 PMCID: PMC8636602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing postprandial glycemic response, or the increase in blood sugar following a meal, is a crucial component to maintaining healthy blood sugar in patients with diabetes. To test whether oral probiotics can impact postprandial glycemic response, E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was evaluated in an oral glucose tolerance test. Oral gavage of EcN concurrent with a glucose bolus reduced the post-gavage glycemic response in mice. However, there was no difference in glycemic response when comparing EcN to a mutant deficient in glucose metabolism. This suggests that while EcN can alter glycemic response to a glucose bolus, this effect is not mediated by direct uptake of glucose. Of the possible indirect effects EcN could have, gastric emptying rate was highlighted as a likely cause, but EcN had no effect on gastric emptying rate in mice. This leaves many more possible indirect explanations for the interaction between EcN and host glucose metabolism to be explored in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Chavkin
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Loc-Duyen Pham
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Kostic
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fukaya-Shiba A, Otsuka K, Sasaki H, Shikano M, Wakao R. Identification of Novel Modalities Through Bibliometric Analysis for Timely Development of Regulatory Guidance: A Case Study of T Cell Immunity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:756870. [PMID: 34708061 PMCID: PMC8544749 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.756870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mission of medicines regulatory agencies is to ensure the timely access of innovative products for patients to improve public health. Thus, regulators should foresee evolving technologies and build expertise prior to reviewing innovative products. Novel modalities and new classes of therapeutics in biological or cell-based products represent a regulatory challenge because of knowledge gaps, as exemplified by the unexpected cytokine release syndrome in the first-in-human clinical trial of the CD28 super-agonist. Meanwhile, recent treatments harnessing T cell co-signaling pathways provide an opportunity for investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate novel modalities for T cell immunity to assess the need for regulatory guidance. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out using the query, "immun* AND t lymph*" to select publications. Subsequently, a citation network was created, followed by clustering and text mining to identify the modalities and classes of therapeutics under development. Results and Discussion: Analysis of the top 20 clusters revealed research domains characterized by keywords such as immune checkpoint antibody, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, microbiota, exosome, regulatory T cells, unconventional T cells, and vaccines. After reviewing the pharmacological concepts, clinical trial information, and available guidance, we presented a perspective on the future development of guidance for these domains. Conclusion: Bibliometric analyses identified a set of innovative modalities targeted for drug development with which regulatory guidance is going to catch up. This strategy could help in the successful development of upcoming modalities to ensure readiness for clinical application as part of horizon scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Fukaya-Shiba
- Center for Regulatory Science, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Otsuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shikano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Wakao
- Center for Regulatory Science, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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