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V P V, Rajamanikandan S, Perumal MK. Morin inhibits the activity of pancreatic lipase and adipogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176705. [PMID: 38830457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health issue that contributes significantly to increased mortality and morbidity worldwide. Obesity is caused by uncontrolled adipogenesis and lipogenesis, leading to several metabolism-associated problems. Pancreatic lipase, an enzyme that breaks down dietary lipids, is a prominent target for obesity. Orlistat, a known inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, is commonly employed for the management of obesity. However, its side effects, such as diarrhoea, nausea and bladder pain, urge to look out for safer alternatives. Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone, exerts a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid lowering, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, etc. This study investigated the effect of morin on pancreatic lipase activity, in vitro and in vivo adipogenesis. Molecular docking and simulation studies showed morin to have a higher binding affinity towards pancreatic lipase compared with orlistat, which also inhibited its activity in vitro. Morin also reduced lipid droplet accretion and downregulated the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. The acute oral toxicity of morin was determined in C57BL/6 mice, where morin did not show toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg body weight dose. Oral administration of morin to high fat diet fed mice reduced body weight, glucose and insulin levels. Also, the histopathological examination revealed reduction in adipocyte size and decreased mRNA expression of adipogenesis markers in white adipose tissue of morin administered group compared to high fat diet group. Overall, the results suggested morin inhibited pancreatic lipase activity, adipogenesis and further studies are warranted to explore its therapeutic potential for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateish V P
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sundarraj Rajamanikandan
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madan Kumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Abstract
Obesity is a severe health problem worldwide due to its association with various adverse health consequences. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol, as a natural polyphenol, on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to March 2022 using relevant keywords. All original articles, written in English, evaluating the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes were eligible for this review. Initially, 4361 records were found in the electronic search databases. After removing duplicates and irrelevant studies according to the title and abstract, the full text of the 51 articles was critically screened and 38 in vitro studies were included in this review. Except for one case, all of these studies reported that different doses (ranged 1-200 μM) of resveratrol treatment have anti-obesity effects on 3T3L1 adipocytes through various mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, a decrease of fat accumulation and adipogenesis, promotion of white adipocytes browning, inhibition of preadipocyte proliferation and consequent differentiation, and up-regulation of miRNA that involved in the antiadipogenic and triacylglycerol metabolism in white adipose tissue. The findings indicate that resveratrol has anti-obesity effects. Therefore, resveratrol treatment could be used to prevent and treat obesity and its related disorders. Well-designed randomized clinical trials with different doses of resveratrol are recommended to be performed on obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Molani-Gol
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Kim DH, Song NY, Yim H. Targeting dysregulated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:855-881. [PMID: 38060103 PMCID: PMC10725365 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of lipid metabolism and its association with oncogenic signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as significant hallmarks of cancer. Lipid metabolism is defined as a complex set of molecular processes including lipid uptake, synthesis, transport, and degradation. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism is affected by enzymes and signaling molecules directly or indirectly involved in the lipid metabolic process. Regulation of lipid metabolizing enzymes has been shown to modulate cancer development and to avoid resistance to anticancer drugs in tumors and the TME. Because of this, understanding the metabolic reprogramming associated with oncogenic progression is important to develop strategies for cancer treatment. Recent advances provide insight into fundamental mechanisms and the connections between altered lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. In this review, we explore alterations to lipid metabolism and the pivotal factors driving lipid metabolic reprogramming, which exacerbate cancer progression. We also shed light on the latest insights and current therapeutic approaches based on small molecular inhibitors and phytochemicals targeting lipid metabolism for cancer treatment. Further investigations are worthwhile to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and the correlation between altered lipid metabolism and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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Flori L, Piragine E, Spezzini J, Citi V, Calderone V, Martelli A. Influence of Polyphenols on Adipose Tissue: Sirtuins as Pivotal Players in the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119276. [PMID: 37298226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into two different types: (i) white adipose tissue (WAT), which represents the largest amount of total AT, and has the main function of storing fatty acids for energy needs and (ii) brown adipose tissue (BAT), rich in mitochondria and specialized in thermogenesis. Many exogenous stimuli, e.g., cold, exercise or pharmacological/nutraceutical tools, promote the phenotypic change of WAT to a beige phenotype (BeAT), with intermediate characteristics between BAT and WAT; this process is called "browning". The modulation of AT differentiation towards WAT or BAT, and the phenotypic switch to BeAT, seem to be crucial steps to limit weight gain. Polyphenols are emerging as compounds able to induce browning and thermogenesis processes, potentially via activation of sirtuins. SIRT1 (the most investigated sirtuin) activates a factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) modulation, induces typical genes of BAT and inhibits genes of WAT during the transdifferentiation process in white adipocytes. This review article aims to summarize the current evidence, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials, on the ability of polyphenols to promote the browning process, with a specific focus on the potential role of sirtuins in the pharmacological/nutraceutical effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Shih MK, Hsieh SL, Huang YW, Patel AK, Dong CD, Hou CY. Resveratrol butyrate esters inhibit lipid biosynthesis in 3T3-L1 cells by AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1015-1025. [PMID: 36908355 PMCID: PMC9998790 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol butyrate esters (RBEs), which are novel resveratrol-synthesized derivatives, exhibit increased biological activity. This study elucidated the effect of RBEs on fat metabolism and their anti-obesity characteristics. Their molecular mechanism was investigated in the 3T3-L1 murine preadipocyte cells and adipocytes. RBE doses of < 2 μM did not induce a significant change in the viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. After RBEs treatment, intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was stimulated by methylisobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin-containing medium. However, a significant dose-dependent reduction in intracellular lipid levels was observed. The mRNA levels of two adipogenic transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR] and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins [C/EBP]) and lipogenic proteins (fatty acid-binding protein 4 [FABP4] and fatty acid synthase [FAS]) were significantly attenuated by RBE treatment in both MDI-stimulated and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, the phosphorylation level of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) also dramatically increased in the MDI + RBE-treated group compared to that in the MDI + vehicle-treated group. Collectively, our study provides strong evidence that RBEs inhibit adipogenesis by regulating adipogenic protein expression and increasing the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. Future studies will be conducted on animal models to validate the application of RBEs as a functional food ingredient in improving human health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05436-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, No.1, Songhe Rd., Xiaogang Dist., Kaohsiung, 812301 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No.142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih Dist., Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No.142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih Dist., Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No.142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih Dist., Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
- Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No.142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih Dist., Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-di Dong
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No.142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih Dist., Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No.142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih Dist., Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
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Çetin YS, Altındağ F, Berköz M. Protective role of resveratrol and apigenin against toxic effects of bisphenol a in rat salivary gland. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:88-96. [PMID: 34875952 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular changes caused by Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in salivary gland cells and to examine the protective role of resveratrol (RSV) and apigenin (APG) molecules against the negative effects of BPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as; (i) control, (ii) BPA (130 mg/kg), (iii) BPA + RSV100 (100 mg/kg), (iv) BPA + RSV200 (200 mg/kg), (v) BPA + APG100 (100 mg/kg), and (vi) BPA + APG200 (200 mg/kg). In all experimental groups, the chemicals were given by gavage every day for a total of 28 days. RESULTS The BPA administration caused a significant increase in tissue oxidative stress parameters as opposed to a significant decrease in tissue antioxidant levels (p < 0.05). On the other hand, it was observed that RSV and APG treatment reversed this situation (p < 0.05). The BPA administration did not cause a significant change in tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide levels, whereas low-dose RSV significantly reduced the tissue PGE2 levels compared to BPA (p < 0.05). BPA caused cytopathological changes and apoptosis in salivary gland cells. In the BPA group, edema, nuclear pleomorphism, and pyknotic nuclei were observed. Moreover, both RSV and APG were found to provide protection against BPA-induced cellular damage, while RSV provided better cellular protection than APG. The control group had a normal histological structure. CONCLUSION BPA caused cytopathological changes and apoptosis in salivary gland cells. As a result, it was observed that these phytochemicals probably have cytoprotective effects in BPA intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Said Çetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Tuşba, Turkey
| | - Fikret Altındağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Tuşba, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Berköz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Tuşba, Turkey
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Xing M, Zhao H, Ahmed R, Wang X, Liu J, Wang J, Guo A, Wang M. Fabrication of Resveratrol-loaded Zein Nanoparticles based on Flash Nanoprecipitation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Breljak D, Micek V, Gerić M, Gajski G, Oguić SK, Rašić D, Karaica D, Madunić IV, Ljubojević M, Orct T, Jurasović J, Jovanović IN, Peraica M, Nanić L, Rubelj I, Sabolić I. Long-term effects of melatonin and resveratrol on aging rats: A multi-biomarker approach. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503443. [PMID: 35483776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related impaired body structure and functions may be, at least partially, caused by elevated oxidative stress. Melatonin (MEL) and resveratrol (RSV) may act as antioxidant and anti-aging compounds, but these actions in experimental animals and humans are controversial. Herein, a rat model of aging was used to study the long-term sex-related effects of MEL and RSV treatment on body mass and blood/plasma parameters of DNA damage, oxidative status (glutathione and malondialdehyde levels), and concentrations of sex hormones. Starting from the age of 3mo, for the next 9mo or 21mo male and female Wistar rats (n = 4-7 per group) were given water to drink (controls) or 0.1 % ethanol in water (vehicle), or MEL or RSV (each 10 mg/L vehicle). DNA damage in whole blood cells was tested by comet assay, whereas in plasma, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and sex hormones were determined by established methods. Using statistical analysis of data by ANOVA/Scheffe post hoc, we observed a similar sex- and aging-dependent rise of body mass in both sexes and drop of plasma testosterone in control and vehicle-treated male rats, whose pattern remained unaffected by MEL and RSV treatment. Compared with controls, all other parameters remained largely unchanged in aging and differently treated male and female rats. We concluded that the sex- and aging-related pattern of growth and various blood parameters in rats were not affected by the long-term treatment with MEL and RSV at the estimated daily doses (300-400 μg/kg b.m.) that exceed usual moderate consumption in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vedran Micek
- Laboratory Animals Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Kralik Oguić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vrhovac Madunić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ljubojević
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Novak Jovanović
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Peraica
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Nanić
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Niesen S, Göttel C, Becker H, Bakuradze T, Winterhalter P, Richling E. Fractionation of Extracts from Black Chokeberry, Cranberry, and Pomegranate to Identify Compounds That Influence Lipid Metabolism. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040570. [PMID: 35206045 PMCID: PMC8871205 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols show a spectrum of bioactive effects, including an influence on lipid metabolism. In this study, we performed activity-guided fractionations of black chokeberry (aronia), cranberry, and pomegranate extracts to identify the biologically active compounds. The extracts were prepared from fruit juice concentrates with the adsorbent resin Amberlite XAD-7 and were separated into a copigment and an anthocyanin fraction, followed by fractionation into a polymer and monomeric fraction by means of hexane precipitation. For further fractionation of the cranberry and pomegranate copigment fractions, high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) was used. The compounds in each fraction were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), and the quantification was performed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) analyses. Each of the (sub-)fractions was tested in three in vitro assays: phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE) activity, lipid accumulation, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. The results showed that various fractions and subfractions can inhibit lipid accumulation and PDE activity as well as increase lipolysis, particularly copigments. Overall, our results indicate an influence of polyphenol-rich (sub-)fractions on the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Niesen
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Celina Göttel
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Hanna Becker
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Elke Richling
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-631-205-4061
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10
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Khutami C, Sumiwi SA, Khairul Ikram NK, Muchtaridi M. The Effects of Antioxidants from Natural Products on Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Their Molecular Signaling Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042056. [PMID: 35216172 PMCID: PMC8875143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor that leads to the development of other diseases such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. These three metabolic disorders can occur simultaneously, hence, the treatment requires many drugs. Antioxidant compounds have been reported to have activities against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes via several mechanisms. This review aims to discuss the antioxidant compounds that have activity against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes together with their molecular signaling mechanism. The literature discussed in this review was obtained from the PUBMED database. Based on the collection of literature obtained, antioxidant compounds having activity against the three disorders (obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes) were identified. The activity is supported by various molecular signaling pathways that are influenced by these antioxidant compounds, further study of which would be useful in predicting drug targets for a more optimal effect. This review provides insights on utilizing one of these antioxidant compounds as opposed to several drugs. It is hoped that in the future, the number of drugs in treating obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes altogether can be minimized consequently reducing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chindiana Khutami
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Chung YC, Hyun CG. Inhibitory Effects of Pinostilbene on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: A Study of Possible Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413446. [PMID: 34948240 PMCID: PMC8704071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin with multiple bioactive properties, including antioxidative, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anticancer effects. However, resveratrol exhibits structural instability in response to UV irradiation, alkaline pH, and oxygen exposure. Thus, resveratrol derivatives have attracted considerable research interest. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic effects of pinostilbene hydrate (PH), a methylated resveratrol derivative, in 3T3-L1 cells. We also evaluated the mechanisms underlying the effects of PH on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O staining, lipid accumulation assay, and triglyceride (TG) content assay revealed that PH significantly inhibited lipid and TG accumulation without cytotoxicity. In addition, we determined that PH decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and FABP4, and the phosphorylation of MAPK and protein kinase B (AKT). Moreover, PH attenuated the expression of CREB and C/EBPβ, while increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, and decreasing the expression of fatty acid synthase and FABP4. Based on these results, we suggest that PH suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells via the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway and the inhibition of the MAPK and AKT insulin-dependent signaling pathways.
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12
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Lee SJ, Kim JE, Choi YJ, Gong JE, Jin YJ, Lee DW, Choi YW, Hwang DY. Anti-Obesity Effect of α-Cubebenol Isolated from Schisandra chinensis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1650. [PMID: 34827648 PMCID: PMC8615670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of α-cubebenol isolated from Schisandra chinensis has been studied in several diseases, including cecal ligation, puncture challenge-induced sepsis, and degranulation of neutrophils. To identify the novel functions of α-cubebenol on lipid metabolism, alterations on the regulation of lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammatory response were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenol. Most lipogenic targets, including lipid accumulation, level of lipogenic transcription factors, and expression of lipogenic regulators, were suppressed in MDI (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenol without significant cytotoxicity. In addition, similar inhibition effects were observed in the iNOS-induced COX-2 mediated pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway of MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells treated with α-cubebenol. Lipolytic targets, such as cAMP concentration, expression of adenylyl cyclase and PDE4, and their downstream signaling pathway, in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells were stimulated by the α-cubebenol treatment. The levels of transcription factors and related proteins for β-oxidation were significantly higher in the MDI + α-cubebenol treated group than in the MDI + Vehicle treated group. These results show that α-cubebenol has a novel role as a lipogenesis inhibitor, lipolysis and β-oxidation stimulator, and inflammasome suppressor in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (J.E.G.); (Y.J.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (J.E.G.); (Y.J.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (J.E.G.); (Y.J.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Jeong Eun Gong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (J.E.G.); (Y.J.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - You Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (J.E.G.); (Y.J.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Da Woon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (J.E.G.); (Y.J.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (J.E.G.); (Y.J.J.); (D.W.L.)
- Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center, Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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Fernandes ACF, Santana ÁL, Vieira NC, Gandra RLP, Rubia C, Castro‐Gamboa I, Macedo JA, Macedo GA. In vitro effects of peanut skin polyphenolic extract on oxidative stress, adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annayara C. F. Fernandes
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Ádina L. Santana
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
- Food Science Institute Kansas State University Manhattan USA
| | - Natália C. Vieira
- Center for Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Institute of Chemistry (ICAr) Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Renata L. P. Gandra
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Camila Rubia
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Ian Castro‐Gamboa
- Center for Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Institute of Chemistry (ICAr) Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Juliana A. Macedo
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Gabriela A. Macedo
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
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Zhou J, Zhang J, Li J, Guan Y, Shen T, Li F, Li X, Yang X, Hu W. Ginsenoside F2 Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and Obesity in Mice via the AMPK Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9299-9312. [PMID: 34342980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside F2 (GF2) is a protopanaxdiol saponin from Panax ginseng leaves and possesses many potential pharmacological properties. GF2 may prevent obesity by directly binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. However, the mechanism by which GF2 alleviates obesity is unknown. We therefore explored the anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity effects of GF2 in vitro and in vivo. GF2 inhibited differentiation and reduced the triglyceride (TG) content of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the early stage of adipogenesis. Administration of GF2 (50 and 100 mg/kg) to obese mice for 4 weeks reduced the body weight gain, weight of adipose tissues, adipocyte size, and total cholesterol, TG, and AST levels in serum. RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR indicated that GF2 decreased the expression levels of adipokines, including PPARγ, fatty acid synthase, and adiponectin. KEGG enrichment and western blot analyses demonstrated that GF2 accelerated the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, GF2 promoted the biosynthesis of mitochondria in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px in the liver of obese mice. Therefore, GF2 suppressed adipogenesis and obesity by regulating the expression of adipokines and activating the AMPK pathway. Hence, the findings suggest that GF2 may have potential therapeutic implications to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
- College of Food Science and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yiqiu Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Ting Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Fu Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chengdu PhytoElite Bio-Technology Company Limited, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Huaian NO. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Weicheng Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
- College of Food Science and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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Benbouguerra N, Hornedo-Ortega R, Garcia F, El Khawand T, Saucier C, Richard T. Stilbenes in grape berries and wine and their potential role as anti-obesity agents: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Subramanian G, Shanmugamprema D, Subramani R, Muthuswamy K, Ponnusamy V, Tankay K, Velusamy T, Krishnan V, Subramaniam S. Anti-Obesity Effect of T. Chebula Fruit Extract on High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice: A Possible Alternative Therapy. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001224. [PMID: 33754444 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders continues to escalate. The present study evaluates the anti-obesity effects of ethanolic fruit extract of Terminalia chebula (EETC) on high fat diet induced obese mice. The bioactive compounds present in the EETC is evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The effects of EETC on energy intake, glucose tolerance, and various biochemical parameters were analyzed using laboratory mice. Relative gene expression of Fatty acid synthase (FAS), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were analyzed in liver and adipose tissues. The findings reveal the hypolipidemic and anti-obesity potential of EETC on high fat fed obese mice. EETC exerts its anti-obesity effects by suppressing lipogenesis through reduction in lipogenic enzyme (FAS) expression, increased fatty acid oxidation via PPARα and CPT-1 and by triggering the anti-inflammatory responses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of EETC on PPARα and CPT-1 in in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Subramanian
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Deepankumar Shanmugamprema
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Ramya Subramani
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Karthi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Vinithra Ponnusamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Kalpana Tankay
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Vasanth Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
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Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi Decoction Alleviates Inflammatory Response in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model Rats through Modulating Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5522755. [PMID: 33824675 PMCID: PMC8007356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction (JGXZ), composed of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Panax notoginseng, Curcuma zedoaria, and other 9 types of herbs, has demonstrated beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms behind JGXZ's impact on NAFLD remain unknown. Methods In this study, a NAFLD rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) received oral treatment of JGXZ (8 or 16 g crude herb/kg) for 12 weeks. The therapeutic effects of JGXZ on NAFLD model rats were investigated through blood lipid levels and pathological liver changes. 16S rRNA analysis was used to study the changes in gut microbiota after JGXZ treatment. The expressions of occludin and tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) in the colon were investigated using immunostaining to study the effects of JGXZ on gut permeability. The anti-inflammatory effects of JGXZ were also studied through measuring the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and liver. Results JGXZ treatment could decrease body weight and ameliorate dyslipidemia in NAFLD model rats. H&E and Oil Red O staining indicated that JGXZ reduced steatosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver. 16S rRNA analysis showed that JGXZ impacted the diversity of gut microbiota, decreasing the Firmicutes–to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and increasing the relative abundance of probiotics, such as Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter. Gut permeability evaluation found that the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon were increased after JGXZ treatment. Moreover, JGXZ treatment could decrease the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and liver. Conclusions Our study illustrated that JGXZ could ameliorate NAFLD through modulating gut microbiota, decreasing gut permeability, and alleviating inflammatory response.
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Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Inhibiting Differentiation, Adipogenesis, and ER Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Brown Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6668665. [PMID: 33815558 PMCID: PMC7990545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), a main active component of Panax ginseng, has various therapeutic properties in literatures, and it has been studied for its potential use in obesity control due to its antiadipogenic effects in white adipocytes. However, little is known about its effects on brown adipocytes. Methods The mechanisms through which Rg3 inhibits differentiation, adipogenesis, and ER stress-mediated cell death in mouse primary brown adipocytes (MPBAs) are explored. Results Rg3 significantly induced cytotoxicity in differentiated MPBAs but not in undifferentiated MPBAs. Rg3 treatment downregulated the expression of differentiation and adipogenesis markers and the level of perilipin in MPBAs while upregulating the expression of lipolytic Kruppel-like factor genes. Rg3 also induced lipolysis and efflux of triglycerides from MPBAs and subsequently increased proinflammatory cytokine levels. Notably, Rg3 treatment resulted in elevation of ER stress and proapoptotic markers in MPBAs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Rg3 is able to selectively exert cytotoxicity in differentiated MPBAs while leaving undifferentiated MPBAs intact, resulting in the induction of ER stress and subsequent cell death in MPBAs via regulation of various genes related to adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammation. These results indicate that further studies on the potential therapeutic applications of Rg3 are warranted.
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Caldeira CA, Santos MA, Araújo GR, Lara RC, Franco FN, Chaves MM. Resveratrol: Change of SIRT 1 and AMPK signaling pattern during the aging process. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111226. [PMID: 33444643 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the causes for aging is free radical damage. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound has been shown to act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The objective this study was to verify in an oxidative stress environment in Human Mononuclear cells from Middle aged and Elderly donors, the existence of a change in the SIRT1 and AMPK signaling pattern by RSV. In both age groups there was a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells stimulated with RSV. It was observed that in the Elderly group there was a higher production of ROS and that the reduction from RSV was smaller compared to the other group. There was an increased activity of Superoxide Dismutase in cells exposed to RSV in the elderly group. It was observed that for the Middle Aged group, SIRT 1 and AMPK are antioxidant pathways and RSV acts via SIRT1. In the elderly, the SIRT1 remains antioxidant and RSV ceases its operation via SIRT1. RSV has an antioxidant action in both age groups, and that in aging there was a change in the cellular context characterized by the silencing of the AMPK pathway antioxidant character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Amaro Caldeira
- Biochemistry Laboratory of Aging and Correlated Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milena Almeida Santos
- Biochemistry Laboratory of Aging and Correlated Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Glaucy Rodrigues Araújo
- Biochemistry Laboratory of Aging and Correlated Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Cunha Lara
- Biochemistry Laboratory of Aging and Correlated Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe Nogueira Franco
- Biochemistry Laboratory of Aging and Correlated Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Miriam Martins Chaves
- Biochemistry Laboratory of Aging and Correlated Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Huang CC, Liu CC, Tsao JP, Hsu CL, Cheng IS. Effects of Oral Resveratrol Supplementation on Glycogen Replenishment and Mitochondria Biogenesis in Exercised Human Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123721. [PMID: 33276518 PMCID: PMC7760965 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral resveratrol supplementation on the key molecular gene expressions involved in mitochondria biogenesis and glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle. Nine young male athletes participated in the single-blind and crossover designed study. All subjects completed a 4-day resveratrol and placebo supplement in a randomized order while performing a single bout of cycling exercise. Immediately after the exercise challenge, the subjects consumed a carbohydrate (CHO) meal (2 g CHO/Kg body mass) with either resveratrol or placebo capsules. Biopsied muscle samples, blood samples and expired gas samples were obtained at 0 h and 3 h after exercise. The muscle samples were measured for gene transcription factor expression by real-time PCR for glucose uptake and mitochondria biogenesis. Plasma glucose, insulin, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and respiratory exchange ratio were analyzed during post-exercise recovery periods. The results showed that the muscle glycogen concentrations were higher at 3 h than at 0 h; however, there were no difference between resveratrol trial and placebo trial. There were no significantly different concentrations in plasma parameters between the two trials. Similarly, no measured gene expressions were significant between the two trials. The evidence concluded that the 4-day oral resveratrol supplementation did not improve post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and related glucose uptake and mitochondrial biosynthesis gene expression in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 403, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jung-Piao Tsao
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 403, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Chin-Lin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.H.); (I.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2218-3459 (I.-S.C.)
| | - I-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 403, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-P.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.-L.H.); (I.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2218-3459 (I.-S.C.)
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Khare P, Maurya R, Bhatia R, Mangal P, Singh J, Podili K, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK. Polyphenol rich extracts of finger millet and kodo millet ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic alterations. Food Funct 2020; 11:9833-9847. [PMID: 33089852 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Finger millet (FM) and kodo millet (KM) are known for their multiple health benefits. Several studies have indicated the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of polyphenol rich extracts (PREs) from them. However, the protective roles of PREs from these millets in overcoming high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to identify the polyphenols in FM-PREs and KM-PREs using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS, and to evaluate the role of PREs in mitigating lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in murine macrophage cells and in the reduction of HFD-induced metabolic complications using male Swiss albino mice. The results suggested that KM-PRE had higher polyphenol content than FM-PRE, of which taxifolin (98%) and catechin (86.6%) were the major fractions respectively. FM-PRE and KM-PRE prevented obesity, however, KM-PRE was more profound in preventing weight gain, adipose tissue hypertrophy, hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation than FM-PRE. This study suggests that FM-PRE and KM-PRE could be exploited for developing functional foods or nutraceuticals against obesity and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyanshu Khare
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Center of Excellence in Functional Foods, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Novel Function of α-Cubebenoate Derived from Schisandra chinensis as Lipogenesis Inhibitor, Lipolysis Stimulator and Inflammasome Suppressor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214995. [PMID: 33126679 PMCID: PMC7663250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of α-cubebenoate isolated from Schisandra chinensis has been previously studied in three disease areas, namely inflammation, sepsis, and allergy, and its role in other diseases is still being explored. To identify the novel function of α-cubebenoate on lipid metabolism and related inflammatory response, alterations in fat accumulation, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammasome activation were measured in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and primary adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate. Lipid accumulation significantly decreased in MDI (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate without any significant cytotoxicity. The mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α for adipogenesis, as well as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) for lipogenesis, were reduced after α-cubebenoate treatment, while cell cycle arrest at G2/M stage was restored in the same group. α-cubebenoate treatment induced glycerol release in primary adipocytes and enhanced expression of lipolytic proteins (HSL, perilipin, and ATGL) expression in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inflammasome activation and downstream cytokines expression were suppressed with α-cubebenoate treatment, but the expression of insulin receptor signaling factors was remarkably increased by α-cubebenoate treatment in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that α-cubebenoate may play a novel role as lipogenesis inhibitor, lipolysis stimulator, and inflammasome suppressor in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results provide the possibility that α-cubebenoate can be considered as one of the candidates for obesity management.
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Chang CC, Chang CY, Lin PC, Huang JP, Chen KH, Yen TH, Hung LM. Administration of low-dose resveratrol attenuated hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in high cholesterol-fructose diet-induced rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:149-155. [PMID: 32859881 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_43_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been demonstrated to ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in animal studies. However, RSV was given with the dosage that ranged from 7 to 300 mg/kg body weight (BW). Hence, the study aimed to investigate the efficacy of RSV at a lower dosage on high cholesterol-fructose diet (HCFD)-induced rat model of NAFLD. In the study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HCFD for 15 weeks. RSV was also given at a daily dose of 1 mg/kg BW for 15 days or 15 weeks by oral delivery. At sacrifice, plasma and liver specimens were acquired for detections of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, proinflammatory cytokines, and lipid contents. Histological examinations and Western blotting analysis were performed using liver tissues. The results showed that RSV administration reduced plasma levels of aminotransferases and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in HCFD-induced NAFLD. RSV also mitigated hepatic lipid accumulation and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Besides, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was reduced with RSV supplementation in the liver of HCFD-fed rats. We concluded that low-dose RSV supplementation attenuated hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in HCFD-induced NAFLD. The ameliorative effect of RSV on NAFLD could be associated with downregulation of phosphorylated STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei; Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jiung-Pang Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Kidney Research Center; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Lu KY, Primus Dass KT, Tsai SF, Chuang HM, Lin SZ, Liu SP, Harn HJ. Clinical Application Potential of Small Molecules that Induce Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis by Improving Fat Metabolism. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720927394. [PMID: 32854518 PMCID: PMC7563884 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720927394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian fat comprises white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT, respectively). WAT stores energy, whereas BAT is used for thermogenesis. In recent years, the incidence of obesity and its associated disorders have increased tremendously. Considering the thermogenic capacity and decreased levels of BAT with increasing age, BAT can be used as a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. In several studies, using positron emission tomography and computed tomography images, adult humans have been shown to have functional BAT in interscapular fat. Results of these basic research studies on BAT have shed light on the new components of transcriptional regulation and the role of hormones in stimulating BAT growth and differentiation. In this review article, we have summarized the thermogenic regulators identified in the past decades by focusing on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/uncoupling protein 1 activators, branched-chain amino acids, fatty acids (lipokine), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase mediators. We have also presented the progress of a few ongoing clinical trials aimed at the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. The main purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive introduction to the latest knowledge of the representative thermogenic regulators for the treatment of obesity. The fat combustion capacity of BAT may have great potential and can be considered as a suitable target for the therapeutic application of drugs from bench-to-bed treatment of obesity and the associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yun Lu
- 505876Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 505876Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Taichung, Taiwan
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Effects of resveratrol on mitochondrial biogenesis and physiological diseases. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jozkowiak M, Hutchings G, Jankowski M, Kulcenty K, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Spaczynski RZ, Piotrowska-Kempisty H. The Stemness of Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells and the Role of Resveratrol in the Differentiation of MSCs-A Review Based on Cellular and Molecular Knowledge. Cells 2020; 9:E1418. [PMID: 32517362 PMCID: PMC7349183 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian Granulosa Cells (GCs) are known to proliferate in the developing follicle and undergo several biochemical processes during folliculogenesis. They represent a multipotent cell population that has been differentiated to neuronal cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts in vitro. However, progression and maturation of GCs are accompanied by a reduction in their stemness. In the developing follicle, GCs communicate with the oocyte bidirectionally via gap junctions. Together with neighboring theca cells, they play a crucial role in steroidogenesis, particularly the production of estradiol, as well as progesterone following luteinization. Many signaling pathways are known to be important throughout the follicle development, leading either towards luteinization and release of the oocyte, or follicular atresia and apoptosis. These signaling pathways include cAMP, PI3K, SMAD, Hedgehog (HH), Hippo and Notch, which act together in a complex manner to control the maturation of GCs through regulation of key genes, from the primordial follicle to the luteal phase. Small molecules such as resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes, peanuts and other dietary constituents, may be able to activate/inhibit these signaling pathways and thereby control physiological properties of GCs. This article reviews the current knowledge about granulosa stem cells, the signaling pathways driving their development and maturation, as well as biological activities of resveratrol and its properties as a pro-differentiation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Jozkowiak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 St., PL-60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Greg Hutchings
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., PL-60-781 Poznan, Poland; (G.H.); (M.J.); (B.K.)
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., PL-60-781 Poznan, Poland; (G.H.); (M.J.); (B.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kulcenty
- Radiology Lab, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 St., PL-61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., PL-60-781 Poznan, Poland; (G.H.); (M.J.); (B.K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., PL-60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Z. Spaczynski
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., PL-60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 St., PL-60-631 Poznan, Poland;
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Beneficial effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory adverse effects induced by high-fat diet in a mouse model of obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232605. [PMID: 32379797 PMCID: PMC7205235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a constantly increasing health problem worldwide. It is associated with a systemic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of metabolic disorders and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Diet has an important role in the prevention of obesity and its adverse health effects; as a part of healthy diet, polyphenol-rich berries, such as lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) have been proposed to have health-promoting effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lingonberry supplementation on high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a mouse model of obesity. Thirty male C57BL/6N mice were divided into three groups (n = 10/group) to receive low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF) and lingonberry-supplemented high-fat (HF+LGB) diet for six weeks. Low-fat and high-fat diet contained 10% and 46% of energy from fat, respectively. Lingonberry supplementation prevented the high-fat diet induced adverse changes in blood cholesterol and glucose levels and had a moderate effect on the weight and visceral fat gain, which were 26% and 25% lower, respectively, in the lingonberry group than in the high-fat diet control group. Interestingly, lingonberry supplementation also restrained the high-fat diet induced increases in the circulating levels of the proinflammatory adipocytokine leptin (by 36%) and the inflammatory acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA; by 85%). Similar beneficial effects were discovered in the hepatic expression of the inflammatory factors CXCL-14, S100A10 and SAA by lingonberry supplementation. In conclusion, the present results indicate that lingonberry supplementation significantly prevents high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a murine model of obesity. The results encourage evaluation of lingonberries as a part of healthy diet against obesity and its comorbidities.
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Xu Z, Tian J, Gan L, Tian Y. Discovery of the Endophytic Fungi from Polygonum cuspidatum and Biotransformation of Resveratrol to Pterostillbene by the Endophyte Penicillium sp. F5. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Health Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol: A Narrative Review. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030340. [PMID: 32183376 PMCID: PMC7143620 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a bioactive compound in many foods. Since its anticancer activity was reported in 1997, its health benefits have been intensively investigated. Resveratrol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose and lipid regulatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects, therefore, can protect against diverse chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, liver diseases, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes the main findings of resveratrol-related health benefits in recent epidemiological surveys, experimental studies, and clinical trials, highlighting its related molecular mechanisms. Resveratrol, therefore, has been regarded as a potent candidate for the development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat certain chronic diseases.
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Liu Y, Liang X, Zou Y, Peng Y, McClements DJ, Hu K. Resveratrol-loaded biopolymer core–shell nanoparticles: bioavailability and anti-inflammatory effects. Food Funct 2020; 11:4014-4025. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cellular uptake and simulated intestinal wall transportation of resveratrol-loaded zein/pectin nanoparticles were assessed using Caco-2 cells and monolayers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Food Science School
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Food Science School
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
| | - Yan Zou
- Food Science School
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
| | - Yaqi Peng
- Food Science School
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
| | | | - Kun Hu
- Food Science School
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
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Abedi-Taleb E, Vahabi Z, Sekhavati-Moghadam E, Khedmat L, Jazayeri S, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. Upregulation of FNDC5 gene expression in C2C12 cells after single and combined treatments of resveratrol and ATRA. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:181. [PMID: 31640715 PMCID: PMC6806552 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is a newly discovered myokine that secreted from skeletal muscle cells. Several studies showed that irisin involves in thermogenesis and increases the expression of browning markers such as uncoupling protein-1 that in turns induces the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown fat. Resveratrol (Res) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can also upregulate the expression of thermogenesis genes. In the present study, the effects of single and combined treatments of Res and ATRA on fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) gene expression was explored. Methods The mouse myoblasts, C2C12 cells, were seeded in 6-well plastic plates and cultured in DMEM media. After differentiation, in a pilot study, C2C12 myotubes were treated with different concentrations of Res and ATRA for 12 h. The best result was obtained by treatment of 1and 25 μM of Res and 1 μM of ATRA. Then the main study was continued by single and combined treatment of these compounds at chosen concentration. After treatments, total RNA was extracted from C2C12 cells. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was generated by the cDNA synthesis kit and FNDC5 mRNA expression was evaluated by the real-time PCR method. Results The FNDC5 gene expression in C2C12 myotubes of alone-treated with 1 μM, 25 μM Res and 10 μM ATRA did not change compared to vehicle group. However, in combination-treated the expression of FNDC5 gene was significantly increased compared to vehicle group. Conclusion This is the first evidence that Res and ATRA can regulate FNDC5 gene expression in C2C12 myotubes. More investigations are necessary to explore the therapeutic effects of these nutrients in obesity, diabetes, cardiac and neurovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abedi-Taleb
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Memory and Behavioral Neurology Division, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 141613151, Iran.
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Lee P, Teng C, Hsieh K, Chiou Y, Wu J, Lu T, Pan M. Adzuki Bean Water Extract Attenuates Obesity by Modulating M2/M1 Macrophage Polarization and Gut Microbiota Composition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900626. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Sheng Lee
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Yi Teng
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Kun‐Feng Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jia‐Ching Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Tainan 704 Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Min‐Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
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Huang X, Liu Y, Zou Y, Liang X, Peng Y, McClements DJ, Hu K. Encapsulation of resveratrol in zein/pectin core-shell nanoparticles: Stability, bioaccessibility, and antioxidant capacity after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ravaud C, Paré M, Yao X, Azoulay S, Mazure NM, Dani C, Ladoux A. Resveratrol and HIV-protease inhibitors control UCP1 expression through opposite effects on p38 MAPK phosphorylation in human adipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1184-1196. [PMID: 31294462 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown and brown-like adipocytes (BBAs) control thermogenesis and are detected in adult humans. They express UCP1, which transforms energy into heat. They appear as promising cells to fight obesity. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms leading to the browning of human white adipocytes or the whitening of BBAs represents a goal to properly and safely control the pathways involved in these processes. Here, we analyzed how drugs endowed with therapeutic potential affect the differentiation of human adipose progenitor-cells into BBAs and/or their phenotype. We showed that HIV-protease inhibitors (PI) reduced UCP1 expression in BBAs modifying their metabolic profile and the mitochondria functionality. Lopinavir (LPV) was more potent than darunavir (DRV), a last PI generation. PPARγ and PGC-1α were decreased in a PI or cell-specific manner, thus altering UCP1's constitutive expression. In addition, LPV altered p38 MAPK phosphorylation, blunting then the β-adrenergic responses. In contrast, low doses of resveratrol stimulated the activatable expression of UCP1 in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner and counteracted the LPV induced loss of UCP1. This effect was independent of the resveratrol-induced sirtuin-1 expression. Altogether our results uncover how drugs impact crucial components of the networks regulating the expression of the thermogenic signature. They provide important information to control the relevant pathways involved in energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Yao
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, iBV, France
| | | | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, Nice, France
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Isely C, Hendley MA, Murphy KP, Kader S, Annamalai P, Jabbari E, Gower RM. Development of microparticles for controlled release of resveratrol to adipose tissue and the impact of drug loading on particle morphology and drug release. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118469. [PMID: 31265884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a small molecule produced by various plants with a remarkable range of beneficial functions in animals. One of these is stimulating signaling pathways in adipose tissue that protect against obesity. Unfortunately, resveratrol suffers from poor bioavailability that inhibits its accumulation in target tissues, including fat, thus hindering the realization of its therapeutic potential. To address this, we are developing biodegradable microparticles as drug depots for controlled release of resveratrol within fat. In this study, resveratrol was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles using an oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. The oil phase consisted of resveratrol and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol; meanwhile, the aqueous phase contained poly(vinyl alcohol) as the emulsifier. Increasing ethanol's volume ratio increased resveratrol's solubility in the oil phase and particle drug loading. The maximal loading achieved was 65 µg/mg (6.5%) and occurred when the ethanol to dichloromethane ratio was 1:3. Under these conditions, particles exhibited ruffled surfaces, which resulted in variable drug release over the first three days of a six-week release assay. By decreasing resveratrol and ethanol in the oil phase and increasing poly(vinyl alcohol) in the aqueous phase, smooth particles were achieved, but they suffered a 15-25-fold decrease in drug loading depending on size. Small particles exhibited higher drug loading and burst drug release compared to larger particles because of their higher specific surface area. Utilizing mild chemistry, we functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) with fluorescein isothiocyanate and demonstrated that encapsulation of resveratrol in the particle decreases the amount of fluorescent polymer on the particle surface, suggesting resveratrol displaces the emulsifier during particle formation. Taken together, resveratrol can be encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles, but it accumulates at the particle surface impacting drug loading, surface roughness, and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Isely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael A Hendley
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kendall P Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Safaa Kader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Prakasam Annamalai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - R Michael Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Resveratrol Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Induced Vascular Dysfunction by Activating the Akt/eNOS/NO and Sirt1/ER Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 72:231-241. [PMID: 30399060 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether resveratrol (RSV) can attenuate obesity and diabetes progression and improve diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction, and we attempted to delineate its underlying mechanisms. Male C57Bl/6 mice were administered a high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks. Mice developed type 2 diabetes with increased body weight, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Oral gavage with RSV significantly reversed the symptoms induced by the HFD. Insulin sensitivity likewise improved after the RSV intervention in these mice. Phenylephrine-induced cremaster arteriolar constriction was impaired, whereas RSV treatment significantly mitigated the vessel responsiveness to phenylephrine. The obese diabetic mice exhibited increased leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and transmigration in the postcapillary venules of the cremaster muscle. By contrast, RSV treatment significantly attenuated HFD-induced extravasation. RSV significantly recovered phosphorylated Akt and eNOS expression in the thoracic aorta. In addition, activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in the thoracic aorta was involved in the improvement of epithelial function after RSV intervention. RSV considerably upregulated the plasma NO level in HFD mice. Moreover, RSV-enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cells healing through Sirt1/ER pathway may be involved in the prevention of leukocyte extravasation. Collectively, RSV attenuates diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction by activating Akt/eNOS/NO and Sirt1/ER pathway. Our mechanistic study provides a potential RSV-based therapeutic strategy against cardiovascular disease.
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Yang HW, Fernando KHN, Oh JY, Li X, Jeon YJ, Ryu B. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Ishige okamurae. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E202. [PMID: 30934943 PMCID: PMC6520893 DOI: 10.3390/md17040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with several health complications and can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome. Some of its deleterious consequences are related to insulin resistance, which adversely affects blood glucose regulation. At present, there is a growing concern regarding healthy food consumption, owing to awareness about obesity. Seaweeds are well-known for their nutritional benefits. The brown alga Ishige okamurae (IO) has been studied as a dietary supplement and exhibits various biological activities in vitro and in vivo. The bioactive compounds isolated from IO extract are known to possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties, elicited via the regulation of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. This review focuses on IO extract and its bioactive compounds that exhibit therapeutic effects through several cellular mechanisms in obesity and diabetes. The information discussed in the present review may provide evidence to develop nutraceuticals from IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - K H N Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Oh
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Xining Li
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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Resveratrol Anti-Obesity Effects: Rapid Inhibition of Adipocyte Glucose Utilization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030074. [PMID: 30917543 PMCID: PMC6466544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in animal models of diabetes and obesity have shown that resveratrol mitigates complications of metabolic diseases, beyond those resulting from oxidative stress. Furthermore, results obtained with cultured preadipocytes have also revealed that prolonged resveratrol treatment impairs adipogenesis. Considering the role of adipocytes in the hypertrophy of fat stores, and keeping in mind that insulin is the main trigger of excessive energy storage during post-prandial periods, the present study aimed to investigate how short-term effects of resveratrol can limit glucose disposal in a gut-adipose tissue axis. We found that resveratrol exhibits a more potent inhibitory capacity towards α-glucosidase than pancreatic lipase activity. Resveratrol also rapidly blunts glucose transport in mature fat cells by counteracting the effect of insulin and insulin-like lipogenic agents. Within two hours, resveratrol also inhibited the incorporation of glucose into lipids of adipocytes, which was unaffected by membrane cholesterol depletion. Moreover, the comparison between adipocytes with invalidated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity and their control, or between resveratrol and several inhibitors, did not indicate that the recently described interaction of resveratrol with amine oxidases was involved in its antilipogenic effect. Caffeine and piceatannol, previously said to interact with glucose carriers, also inhibit lipogenesis in adipocytes, whereas other antioxidant phytochemicals do not reproduce such an antilipogenic effect. This study highlights the diverse first steps by which resveratrol impairs excessive fat accumulation, indicating that this natural molecule and its derivatives deserve further studies to develop their potential anti-obesity properties.
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Aranaz P, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, Miguéliz I, Romo-Hualde A, López-Yoldi M, Martínez JA, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Phenolic Compounds Inhibit 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis Depending on the Stage of Differentiation and Their Binding Affinity to PPARγ. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061045. [PMID: 30884812 PMCID: PMC6470710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds might modulate adiposity. Here, we report our observation that polyphenols and phenolic acids inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 with different intensity depending on the family and the stage of differentiation. While quercetin and resveratrol inhibited lipid accumulation along the whole process of differentiation, apigenin and myricetin were active during the early and latest stages, but not intermediate, contrary to hesperidin. The activity of phenolic acids was limited to the early stages of the differentiation process, except p-coumaric and ellagic acids. This anti-adipogenic effect was accompanied by down-regulation of Scd1 and Lpl. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the inhibitory activity of these phenolic compounds over the early stages of adipogenesis exhibits a significant correlation (r = 0.7034; p = 0.005) with their binding affinity to the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ. Results show that polyphenols and phenolic acids would interact with specific residues of the receptor, which could determine their potential anti-adipogenic activity during the early stages of the differentiation. Residues Phe264, His266, Ile281, Cys285 and Met348 are the most frequently involved in these interactions, which might suggest a crucial role for these amino acids modulating the activity of the receptor. These data contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of phenolic compounds in the control of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - David Navarro-Herrera
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Zabala
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Itziar Miguéliz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel López-Yoldi
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute of Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute of Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Wang T, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Cao W, Chen X. Effect of lentivirus-mediated overexpression or silencing of MnSOD on apoptosis of resveratrol-treated fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 844:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kang MC, Ding Y, Kim HS, Jeon YJ, Lee SH. Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) through AMPK Activation in Adipocytes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17010044. [PMID: 30634617 PMCID: PMC6356311 DOI: 10.3390/md17010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiobesity effect and the mechanism of action of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae in 3T3-L1 cells. The antiobesity effects were examined by evaluating intracellular fat accumulation in Oil Red O-stained adipocytes. Based on the results, DPHC dose-dependently inhibited the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DPHC significantly inhibited adipocyte-specific proteins such as SREBP-1c, PPARγ, C/EBP α, and adiponectin, as well as adipogenic enzymes, including perilipin, FAS, FABP4, and leptin in adipocytes. These results indicated that DPHC primarily acts by regulating adipogenic-specific proteins through inhibiting fat accumulation and fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. DPHC treatment significantly increased both AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in adipocytes. These results indicate that DPHC inhibits the fat accumulation by activating AMPK and ACC in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that DPHC can be used as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-Ro Iseo-Myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
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Zhou L, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Deng M. Deciphering the Anti-obesity Benefits of Resveratrol: The "Gut Microbiota-Adipose Tissue" Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:413. [PMID: 31316465 PMCID: PMC6610334 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation due to an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure (EE) characterizes obesity. However, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is highly specialized for the dissipation of energy. Recent evidence indicated that the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning might be promising approaches to combat obesity by increasing EE and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Resveratrol, which is a polyphenolic compound, has been widely acknowledged to have protective effects against obesity and related metabolic disorders. The induction of WAT browning has been considered as one of the crucial factors in the metabolic benefits of resveratrol. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism that is involved is largely unclear. As a prebiotic-like polyphenol, resveratrol is able to modulate the composition of gut microbiota. In addition, in recent years, the impact of gut microbiota on the browning of WAT has received increasing attention and has been initially confirmed to play a role. By considering all these factors, this review explores the potential link between dietary resveratrol and the browning of WAT, which may be modulated by gut microbiota and their metabolites and proposes the "gut microbiota- adipose tissue" axis plays a vital role in the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol. This observation might provide novel insights and targets that could be used for fighting against obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Li XN, Ma LY, Ji H, Qin YH, Jin SS, Xu LX. Resveratrol protects against oxidative stress by activating the Keap-1/Nrf2 antioxidant defense system in obese-asthmatic rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4339-4348. [PMID: 30542383 PMCID: PMC6257826 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential mechanism underlying the anti-obesity-asthmatic effects of resveratrol (RSV) in a rat model of obese-asthma. Rat models of obesity and asthma were established using a high-fat diet and the administration of ovalbumin, respectively. Rats were divided into 7 different groups: A normal control, a normal obese, a normal asthma, a normal obese + asthma, a RSV obese, a RSV asthma and a RSV obese + asthma group. Body weight, Lee index, body fat and lung histopathological changes were evaluated. Serum lipid levels were evaluated using calorimetric methods. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cellular antioxidant enzyme activities were measured using commercial kits. Levels of kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was examined using western blot analysis. The results indicated that obese and asthma rat models were successfully established. It was also demonstrated that RSV decreased fasting blood glucose in obese, asthmatic and obese-asthmatic rats. RSV altered serum lipid levels; it significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and significantly decreased serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein levels, compared with untreated obese, asthmatic and obese-asthmatic rats (P<0.05). ROS levels were significantly decreased in the RSV treatment group compared with obese, asthmatic and obese-asthmatic rats (P<0.05). RSV treatment significantly increased catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase levels compared with untreated obese, asthmatic and obese-asthmatic rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, RSV treatment significantly downregulated Keap-1 and upregulated Nrf2 levels in the heart, lung and kidney tissues of rats compared with untreated controls. Therefore, the results demonstrate that RSV protects against oxidative stress by activating the Keap-1/Nrf2 antioxidant defense system in obese-asthmatic rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Yi Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Hua Qin
- Department of Parasitology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Morusin Functions as a Lipogenesis Inhibitor as Well as a Lipolysis Stimulator in Differentiated 3T3-L1 and Primary Adipocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082004. [PMID: 30103469 PMCID: PMC6222347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results for morusin activity during adipogenic differentiation are reported in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and cancer cells. To elucidate the influence of morusin on fat metabolism, their anti-obesity effects and molecular mechanism were investigated in 3T3-L1 cells and primary adipocytes. Morusin at a dose of less than 20 µM does not induce any significant change in the viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 µM dexamethasone, 10 µg/mL insulin in DMEM containing 10% FBS (MDI)-significantly reduces in a dose-dependent manner after morusin treatment. The phosphorylation level of members in the MAP kinase signaling pathway under the insulin receptor downstream also decrease significantly in the MDI + morusin-treated group compared to MDI + vehicle-treated group. Also, the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and lipogenic proteins (aP2 and FAS) are significantly attenuated by exposure to the compound in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the decrease in the G0/G1 arrest of cell cycle after culturing in MDI medium was dramatically recovered after co-culturing in MDI + 20 µM morusin. Moreover, morusin treatment induces glycerol release in the primary adipocytes of SD rats and enhances lipolytic protein expression (HSL, ATGL, and perilipin) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overall, the results of the present study provide strong evidence that morusin inhibits adipogenesis by regulating the insulin receptor signaling, cell cycle and adipogenic protein expression as well as stimulating lipolysis by enhancing glycerol release and lipolytic proteins expression.
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Effects of Isorhamnetin on Adipocyte Mitochondrial Biogenesis and AMPK Activation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081853. [PMID: 30044453 PMCID: PMC6222361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (ISOR), 3-O-methylquercetin, is a naturally occurring flavonoid in many plants. It is a metabolite derived from quercetin and is known to exert beneficial effects on the prevention of obesity. However, the molecular mechanism of action involved in ISOR-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in 3T3-L1 cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether ISOR affected mitochondrial biogenesis and AMPK activation, during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity decreased in ISOR-treated cells. The mRNA levels of adipogenic genes, such as the proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), were inhibited by ISOR. In contrast, mRNA levels of mitochondrial genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated reporter gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, transcription factor A (Tfam), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (CPT-1α), were all stimulated by ISOR treatment. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number and AMPK activity were also stimulated by ISOR. The results suggested that the mitochondrial biogenic effect of ISOR in adipocytes might have been associated with stimulation of mitochondrial gene expression, mtDNA replication, and AMPK activation.
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Teplova VV, Isakova EP, Klein OI, Dergachova DI, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI. Natural Polyphenols: Biological Activity, Pharmacological Potential, Means of Metabolic Engineering (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rauf A, Imran M, Suleria HAR, Ahmad B, Peters DG, Mubarak MS. A comprehensive review of the health perspectives of resveratrol. Food Funct 2018; 8:4284-4305. [PMID: 29044265 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products present in our diet, including flavonoids, can prevent the progression of cancer and other diseases. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in various fruits and vegetables, plays an important role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent used in the treatment of various illnesses. It exhibits effects against different types of cancer through different pathways. It additionally exerts antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects in a variety of cell types. Furthermore, the cardiovascular protective capacities of resveratrol are associated with multiple molecular targets and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure. Accordingly, this article presents an overview of recent developments in the use of resveratrol for the prevention and treatment of different diseases along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present review summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent against multiple diseases and provides an assessment of the potential of this natural compound as a complementary or alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Adhikari B, Dhungana SK, Ali MW, Adhikari A, Kim ID, Shin DH. Resveratrol, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential of seeds and sprouts of Korean peanuts. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1275-1284. [PMID: 30319835 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut sprouts are gaining increasing popularity as a potential source of functional food. The objective of this study was to investigate yield and food value of peanut sprouts of six Korean peanut genotypes (Daekwang, Akwang, Baekjung, Alogi, Pungan and Heugttangkong) from day 5 through 9. Functional compounds like polyphenol, flavonoid, and resveratrol contents were significantly (p < 0.05) high in the sprouts compared to those in the seeds. Pungan yielded significantly (p < 0.05) high sprouts followed by Alogi. However, antioxidant potentials and functional compounds in the sprouts varied significantly (p < 0.05) with genotype, sprout part, and day after germination. Overall consideration of the yield, functional compounds, and antioxidant potentials of the sprouts suggested that more appropriate time of sprout harvest for Alogi and Pungan was day 5-7 and that for the other genotypes was day 5-8. The yield and functional properties of peanut sprouts significantly varied with genotypes, parts, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Adhikari
- 1School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- 1School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Arjun Adhikari
- 1School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- 2International Institute of Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Shin
- 1School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
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Ganesan P, Ramalingam P, Karthivashan G, Ko YT, Choi DK. Recent developments in solid lipid nanoparticle and surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticle delivery systems for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds in various chronic diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1569-1583. [PMID: 29588585 PMCID: PMC5858819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s155593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) delivery systems have a wide applicability in the delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds to treat various chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. The multiple benefits of SLN delivery include improved stability, smaller particle size, leaching prevention and enhanced lymphatic uptake of the bioactive compounds through oral delivery. However, the burst release makes the SLN delivery systems inadequate for the oral delivery of various phyto-bioactive compounds that can treat such chronic diseases. Recently, the surface-modified SLN (SMSLN) was observed to overcome this limitation for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds, and there is growing evidence of an enhanced uptake of curcumin delivered orally via SMSLNs in the brain. This review focuses on different SLN and SMSLN systems that are useful for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds to treat various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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