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Nürnberg B, Beer-Hammer S, Reisinger E, Leiss V. Non-canonical G protein signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108589. [PMID: 38295906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The original paradigm of classical - also referred to as canonical - cellular signal transduction of heterotrimeric G proteins (G protein) is defined by a hierarchical, orthograde interaction of three players: the agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which activates the transducing G protein, that in turn regulates its intracellular effectors. This receptor-transducer-effector concept was extended by the identification of regulators and adapters such as the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), receptor kinases like βARK, or GPCR-interacting arrestin adapters that are integrated into this canonical signaling process at different levels to enable fine-tuning. Finally, the identification of atypical signaling mechanisms of classical regulators, together with the discovery of novel modulators, added a new and fascinating dimension to the cellular G protein signal transduction. This heterogeneous group of accessory G protein modulators was coined "activators of G protein signaling" (AGS) proteins and plays distinct roles in canonical and non-canonical G protein signaling pathways. AGS proteins contribute to the control of essential cellular functions such as cell development and division, intracellular transport processes, secretion, autophagy or cell movements. As such, they are involved in numerous biological processes that are crucial for diseases, like diabetes mellitus, cancer, and stroke, which represent major health burdens. Although the identification of a large number of non-canonical G protein signaling pathways has broadened the spectrum of this cellular communication system, their underlying mechanisms, functions, and biological effects are poorly understood. In this review, we highlight and discuss atypical G protein-dependent signaling mechanisms with a focus on inhibitory G proteins (Gi) involved in canonical and non-canonical signal transduction, review recent developments and open questions, address the potential of new approaches for targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Reisinger
- Gene Therapy for Hearing Impairment Group, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Jaster AM, González-Maeso J. Mechanisms and molecular targets surrounding the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3595-3612. [PMID: 37759040 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelics, also known as classical hallucinogens, have been investigated for decades due to their potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of neuropsychiatric and substance use disorders. The results from clinical trials have shown promise for the use of psychedelics to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as to promote substantial decreases in the use of nicotine and alcohol. While these studies provide compelling evidence for the powerful subjective experience and prolonged therapeutic adaptations, the underlying molecular reasons for these robust and clinically meaningful improvements are still poorly understood. Preclinical studies assessing the targets and circuitry of the post-acute effects of classical psychedelics are ongoing. Current literature is split between a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR)-dependent or -independent signaling pathway, as researchers are attempting to harness the mechanisms behind the sustained post-acute therapeutically relevant effects. A combination of molecular, behavioral, and genetic techniques in neuropharmacology has begun to show promise for elucidating these mechanisms. As the field progresses, increasing evidence points towards the importance of the subjective experience induced by psychedelic-assisted therapy, but without further cross validation between clinical and preclinical research, the why behind the experience and its translational validity may be lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina M Jaster
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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3
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Sadee W. Ligand-Free Signaling of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Genetics. Molecules 2023; 28:6375. [PMID: 37687205 PMCID: PMC10489045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitous sensors and regulators of cellular functions. Each GPCR exists in complex aggregates with multiple resting and active conformations. Designed to detect weak stimuli, GPCRs can also activate spontaneously, resulting in basal ligand-free signaling. Agonists trigger a cascade of events leading to an activated agonist-receptor G-protein complex with high agonist affinity. However, the ensuing signaling process can further remodel the receptor complex to reduce agonist affinity, causing rapid ligand dissociation. The acutely activated ligand-free receptor can continue signaling, as proposed for rhodopsin and μ opioid receptors, resulting in robust receptor activation at low agonist occupancy with enhanced agonist potency. Continued receptor stimulation can further modify the receptor complex, regulating sustained ligand-free signaling-proposed to play a role in opioid dependence. Basal, acutely agonist-triggered, and sustained elevated ligand-free signaling could each have distinct functions, reflecting multi-state conformations of GPCRs. This review addresses basal and stimulus-activated ligand-free signaling, its regulation, genetic factors, and pharmacological implications, focusing on opioid and serotonin receptors, and the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). The hypothesis is proposed that ligand-free signaling of 5-HT2A receptors mediate therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs. Research avenues are suggested to close the gaps in our knowledge of ligand-free GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Sadee
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Aether Therapeutics Inc., Austin, TX 78756, USA
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4
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Fallot LB, Suresh RR, Fisher CL, Salmaso V, O'Connor RD, Kaufman N, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Structure-Activity Studies of 1 H-Imidazo[4,5- c]quinolin-4-amine Derivatives as A 3 Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15238-15262. [PMID: 36367749 PMCID: PMC10354740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines as A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). A3AR agonists, but not PAMs, are in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases and liver conditions. We synthesized new analogues to distinguish 2-cyclopropyl antagonist 17 (orthosteric interaction demonstrated by binding and predicted computationally) from PAMs (derivatives with large 2-alkyl/cycloalkyl/bicycloalkyl groups). We predicted PAM binding at a hydrophobic site on the A3AR cytosolic interface. Although having low Caco-2 permeability and high plasma protein binding, hydrophobic 2-cyclohept-4-enyl-N-3,4-dichlorophenyl, MRS7788 18, and 2-heptan-4-yl-N-4-iodophenyl, MRS8054 39, derivatives were orally bioavailable in rat. 2-Heptan-4-yl-N-3,4-dichlorophenyl 14 and 2-cyclononyl-N-3,4-dichlorophenyl 20 derivatives and 39 greatly enhanced Cl-IB-MECA-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding Emax, with only 12b trending toward decreasing the agonist EC50. A feasible route for radio-iodination at the p-position of a 4-phenylamino substituent suggests a potential radioligand for allosteric site binding. Herein, we advanced an allosteric approach to developing A3AR-activating drugs that are potentially event- and site-specific in action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Fallot
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, 646 Swift Road, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert D O'Connor
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Noy Kaufman
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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5
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Kurose H. [Biased Signaling through G Protein-coupled Receptors]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1091-1101. [PMID: 36184444 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce signals into cells using G proteins as intermediary molecules. β-Arrestins are molecules involved in regulating GPCRs; however, it has recently been reported that β-arrestins can also mediate signaling through GPCRs. Signaling through G proteins or β-arrestins can be activated selectively using specific agonists; of the latter, those that can selectively activate either G proteins or β-arrestins are called biased agonists. The clinical use of biased agonists could potentially induce fewer side effects. However, partial agonists can also explain the mechanism of G protein-biased agonists; thus, appropriate assay systems must be considered. Endogenous agonists are known to bind to orthosteric and allosteric sites in the agonist binding site, and the allosteric site is associated with the activity of biased agonists. This current review presents a detailed discussion of biased agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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6
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Abstract
Agonists are defined as the ligands that activate intracellular signaling and evoke cellular responses. Synthetic and endogenous agonists should bind specific amino acids to activate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Agonists that induce maximal responses are full agonists. Partial agonists cannot induce full responses unlike full agonists. In definition, antagonists inhibit agonist-stimulated responses by binding to orthosteric or allosteric sites. Antagonists modulate agonist-induced responses and are often related with inverse agonist activity. However, the relationship between antagonists and partial agonists is complex. An antagonist behaves as a partial agonist when the constitutive activity of the GPCR is high. In contrast, a partial agonist with very weak intrinsic activity may be classified as an antagonist. Thus, antagonisms of the compounds are influenced by constitutive activity of GPCRs, intrinsic activity and differences in the binding sites of GPCRs. Since "antagonism" has been revealed to have multiple aspects and more complex than previously thought, it may be difficult to classify each compound as simply "agonist" or "antagonist" as before. In this review, we discuss the recent findings and perspectives on the pharmacology of GPCR-binding antagonists, inverse agonists, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul
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Apweiler M, Saliba SW, Streyczek J, Hurrle T, Gräßle S, Bräse S, Fiebich BL. Targeting Oxidative Stress: Novel Coumarin-Based Inverse Agonists of GPR55. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111665. [PMID: 34769094 PMCID: PMC8584154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with different neurological and psychiatric diseases. Therefore, development of new pharmaceuticals targeting oxidative dysregulation might be a promising approach to treat these diseases. The G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is broadly expressed in central nervous tissues and cells and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory and oxidative cell homeostasis. We have recently shown that coumarin-based compounds enfold inverse agonistic activities at GPR55 resulting in the inhibition of prostaglandin E2. However, the antioxidative effects mediated by GPR55 were not evaluated yet. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidative effects of two novel synthesized coumarin-based compounds, KIT C and KIT H, in primary mouse microglial and human neuronal SK-N-SK cells. KIT C and KIT H show antioxidative properties in SK-N-SH cells as well as in primary microglia. In GPR55-knockout SK-N-SH cells, the antioxidative effects are abolished, suggesting a GPR55-dependent antioxidative mechanism. Since inverse agonistic GPR55 activation in the brain seems to be associated with decreased oxidative stress, KIT C and KIT H possibly act as inverse agonists of GPR55 eliciting promising therapeutic options for oxidative stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Apweiler
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Soraya Wilke Saliba
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jana Streyczek
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Thomas Hurrle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.H.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Simone Gräßle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.H.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Bernd L. Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fernandez-Gonzalez P, Mas-Sanchez A, Garriga P. Polyphenols and Visual Health: Potential Effects on Degenerative Retinal Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:3407. [PMID: 34199888 PMCID: PMC8200069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are a group of natural compounds that have been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health. They were first known for their antioxidant properties, but several studies over the years have shown that these compounds can exert protective effects against chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying these potential benefits are still uncertain and contradictory effects have been reported. In this review, we analyze the potential effects of polyphenol compounds on some visual diseases, with a special focus on retinal degenerative diseases. Current effective therapies for the treatment of such retinal diseases are lacking and new strategies need to be developed. For this reason, there is currently a renewed interest in finding novel ligands (or known ligands with previously unexpected features) that could bind to retinal photoreceptors and modulate their molecular properties. Some polyphenols, especially flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and tannic acid), could attenuate light-induced receptor damage and promote visual health benefits. Recent evidence suggests that certain flavonoids could help stabilize the correctly folded conformation of the visual photoreceptor protein rhodopsin and offset the deleterious effect of retinitis pigmentosa mutations. In this regard, certain polyphenols, like the flavonoids mentioned before, have been shown to improve the stability, expression, regeneration and folding of rhodopsin mutants in experimental in vitro studies. Moreover, these compounds appear to improve the integration of the receptor into the cell membrane while acting against oxidative stress at the same time. We anticipate that polyphenol compounds can be used to target visual photoreceptor proteins, such as rhodopsin, in a way that has only been recently proposed and that these can be used in novel approaches for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa; however, studies in this field are limited and further research is needed in order to properly characterize the effects of these compounds on retinal degenerative diseases through the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pere Garriga
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (P.F.-G.); (A.M.-S.)
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9
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Constitutive Activity of Serotonin Receptor 6 Regulates Human Cerebral Organoids Formation and Depression-like Behaviors. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:75-88. [PMID: 33357407 PMCID: PMC7815944 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptor 6 (5-HT6R), a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mainly expressed in the neurogenic area with constitutive activity, is of particular interest as a promising target for emotional impairment. Here, we found that 5-HT6R was highly expressed in human NSCs and activation of the receptor promoted self-renewal of human NSCs, and thus induced the expansion and folding of human cerebral organoids; dysfunction of receptor or inhibition of its constitutive activity resulted in the premature differentiation of NSCs, which ultimately depleted the NSC pool. The following mechanistic study revealed that EPAC-CREB signaling was involved in 5-HT6R regulation. Furthermore, we showed that mice with genetic deletion of 5-HT6R or knockin A268R mutant presented depression-like behaviors and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis for progressive decrease of the NSC pool. Thus, this study indicates that the modulation of 5-HT6R and its constitutive activity may provide a therapeutic alternative to alleviate depression. 5-HT6R regulates human neural stem cell proliferation The constitutive activity of 5-HT6R is essential for human neural stem cell's multipotency 5-HT6R modulates neurogenesis of human cerebral organoids Mice with reduced constitutive activity of 5-HT6R show depression-like behaviors
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10
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Mensching L, Rading S, Nikolaev V, Karsak M. Monitoring Cannabinoid CB2 -Receptor Mediated cAMP Dynamics by FRET-Based Live Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217880. [PMID: 33114208 PMCID: PMC7660676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled cannabinoid CB2 receptor signaling and function is primarily mediated by its inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase. The visualization and monitoring of agonist dependent dynamic 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling at the single cell level is still missing for CB2 receptors. This paper presents an application of a live cell imaging while using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor, Epac1-camps, for quantification of cAMP. We established HEK293 cells stably co-expressing human CB2 and Epac1-camps and quantified cAMP responses upon Forskolin pre-stimulation, followed by treatment with the CB2 ligands JWH-133, HU308, β-caryophyllene, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol. We could identify cells showing either an agonist dependent CB2-response as expected, cells displaying no response, and cells with constitutive receptor activity. In Epac1-CB2-HEK293 responder cells, the terpenoid β-caryophyllene significantly modified the cAMP response through CB2. For all of the tested ligands, a relatively high proportion of cells with constitutively active CB2 receptors was identified. Our method enabled the visualization of intracellular dynamic cAMP responses to the stimuli at single cell level, providing insights into the nature of heterologous CB2 expression systems that contributes to the understanding of Gαi-mediated G-Protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in living cells and opens up possibilities for future investigations of endogenous CB2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore Mensching
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Seo K, Parikh VN, Ashley EA. Stretch-Induced Biased Signaling in Angiotensin II Type 1 and Apelin Receptors for the Mediation of Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 32231588 PMCID: PMC7082839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocardium has an intrinsic ability to sense and respond to mechanical load in order to adapt to physiological demands. Primary examples are the augmentation of myocardial contractility in response to increased ventricular filling caused by either increased venous return (Frank-Starling law) or aortic resistance to ejection (the Anrep effect). Sustained mechanical overload, however, can induce pathological hypertrophy and dysfunction, resulting in heart failure and arrhythmias. It has been proposed that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and apelin receptor (APJ) are primary upstream actors in this acute myocardial autoregulation as well as the chronic maladaptive signaling program. These receptors are thought to have mechanosensing capacity through activation of intracellular signaling via G proteins and/or the multifunctional transducer protein, β-arrestin. Importantly, ligand and mechanical stimuli can selectively activate different downstream signaling pathways to promote inotropic, cardioprotective or cardiotoxic signaling. Studies to understand how AT1R and APJ integrate ligand and mechanical stimuli to bias downstream signaling are an important and novel area for the discovery of new therapeutics for heart failure. In this review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of AT1R and APJ signaling pathways activated by ligand versus mechanical stimuli, and their effects on inotropy and adaptive/maladaptive hypertrophy. We also discuss the possibility of targeting these signaling pathways for the development of novel heart failure therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Seo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Victoria N. Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Euan A. Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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12
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Wang Q, Dong X, Lu J, Hu T, Pei G. Constitutive activity of a G protein-coupled receptor, DRD1, contributes to human cerebral organoid formation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:653-665. [PMID: 32052915 PMCID: PMC7384186 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intricate balance of neural stem cell (NSC) amplification and neurogenesis is central to nervous system development. Dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) is a typical G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) mainly expressed in neurogenic area, with high constitutive activity. The receptor appears in the embryonic period before the formation of mature synaptic contacts, which indicates that dopamine receptor and its constitutive activity play crucial roles in the embryonic brain development. Here, we found that DRD1 was enriched in human NSCs. Inhibition of the receptor activity by its inverse agonists promoted human NSCs proliferation and impeded its differentiation. These results were also mimicked by genetic knockdown of DRD1, which also blocked the effects of inverse agonists, suggesting a receptor‐dependent manner. More interestingly, knock‐in A229T mutant with reduced DRD1 constitutive activity by CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing technology resulted into increased endogenous human NSCs proliferation. These results were well reproduced in human cerebral organoids, and inhibition of the DRD1 constitutive activity by its inverse agonists induced the expansion and folding of human cerebral organoids. The anatomic analysis uncovered that decreasing the constitutive activity of DRD1 by its inverse agonists promoted the NSCs proliferation and maintenance that led to hindered cortical neurogenesis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the PKC‐CBP pathway was involved in the regulation by DRD1. Thus, our findings indicate that the constitutive activity of DRD1 and possibly other GPCRs plays an important role in the development of human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoxu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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13
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Cordisco Gonzalez S, Mustafá ER, Rodriguez SS, Perello M, Raingo J. Dopamine Receptor Type 2 and Ghrelin Receptor Coexpression Alters Ca V2.2 Modulation by G Protein Signaling Cascades. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3-13. [PMID: 31808667 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels type 2.2 (CaV2.2) are activated by action potentials at presynaptic terminals, and their calcium current induces neurotransmitter release. In this context, regulating CaV2.2 is critical, and one of the most important mechanisms for doing so is through its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity. Two such GPCRs are the ghrelin (GHSR) and the dopamine type 2 (D2R) receptors. We previously demonstrated that constitutive GHSR activity reduces CaV2.2 forward trafficking and that ghrelin-induced GHSR activity inhibits CaV2.2 currents. On the other hand, dopamine-induced D2R activity also inhibits CaV2.2 currents. It has been recently shown that D2R and GHSR form heteromers in hypothalamic neurons. This interaction profoundly changes the signaling cascades activated by dopamine and is necessary for dopamine-dependent anorexia. Here we explored how D2R-GHSR coexpression in HEK293T cells modulates the effect that each GPCR has on CaV2.2. We found that D2R-GHSR coexpression reduces the inhibition of CaV2.2 currents by agonist-induced D2R activation and added a new source of basal CaV2.2 current inhibition to the one produced by GHSR solely expression. We investigated the signaling cascades implicated and found that constitutive GHSR activity, Gq protein, and Gβγ subunit play a critical role in these altered effects. Moreover, we found that the effect of D2R agonist on native calcium currents in hypothalamic neurons is reduced when both D2R and GHSR are overexpressed. In summary, our results allow us to propose a novel mechanism for controlling CaV2.2 currents involving the coexpression of two physiologically relevant GPCRs.
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Al-Shar'i NA, Al-Balas QA. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Adenosine Receptors: Advances, Applications and Trends. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:783-816. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190304123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
:
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are transmembrane proteins that belong to the G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs) superfamily and mediate the biological functions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes are known,
namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 that exhibit different signaling pathways, tissue localization, and mechanisms of
activation. Moreover, the widespread ARs and their implication in numerous physiological and pathophysiological
conditions had made them pivotal therapeutic targets for developing clinically effective agents.
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The crystallographic success in identifying the 3D crystal structures of A2A and A1 ARs has dramatically enriched
our understanding of their structural and functional properties such as ligand binding and signal transduction.
This, in turn, has provided a structural basis for a larger contribution of computational methods, particularly molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations, toward further investigation of their molecular properties and designing
bioactive ligands with therapeutic potential. MD simulation has been proved to be an invaluable tool in investigating
ARs and providing answers to some critical questions. For example, MD has been applied in studying ARs
in terms of ligand-receptor interactions, molecular recognition, allosteric modulations, dimerization, and mechanisms
of activation, collectively aiding in the design of subtype selective ligands.
:
In this review, we focused on the advances and different applications of MD simulations utilized to study the
structural and functional aspects of ARs that can foster the structure-based design of drug candidates. In addition,
relevant literature was briefly discussed which establishes a starting point for future advances in the field of drug
discovery to this pivotal group of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar A. Al-Shar'i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Qosay A. Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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15
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Lappano R, Mallet C, Rizzuti B, Grande F, Galli GR, Byrne C, Broutin I, Boudieu L, Eschalier A, Jacquot Y, Maggiolini M. The Peptide ERα17p Is a GPER Inverse Agonist that Exerts Antiproliferative Effects in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060590. [PMID: 31207943 PMCID: PMC6627388 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) offers promising perspectives for the treatment of breast tumors. A peptide corresponding to part of the hinge region/AF2 domain of the human estrogen receptor α (ERα17p, residues 295–311) exerts anti-proliferative effects in various breast cancer cells including those used as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. As preliminary investigations have evoked a role for the GPER in the mechanism of action of this peptide, we focused our studies on this protein using SkBr3 breast cancer cells, which are ideal for GPER evaluation. ERα17p inhibits cell growth by targeting membrane signaling. Identified as a GPER inverse agonist, it co-localizes with GPER and induces the proteasome-dependent downregulation of GPER. It also decreases the level of pEGFR (phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor), pERK1/2 (phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and c-fos. ERα17p is rapidly distributed in mice after intra-peritoneal injection and is found primarily in the mammary glands. The N-terminal PLMI motif, which presents analogies with the GPER antagonist PBX1, reproduces the effect of the whole ERα17p. Thus, this motif seems to direct the action of the entire peptide, as highlighted by docking and molecular dynamics studies. Consequently, the tetrapeptide PLMI, which can be claimed as the first peptidic GPER disruptor, could open new avenues for specific GPER modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Christophe Mallet
- NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, INSERM, CHU, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- ANALGESIA Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Giulia Raffaella Galli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Cillian Byrne
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), CNRS-UMR 7203, Sorbonne University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Isabelle Broutin
- Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS-UMR 8038, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
| | - Ludivine Boudieu
- NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, INSERM, CHU, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- ANALGESIA Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Alain Eschalier
- NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, INSERM, CHU, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- ANALGESIA Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Yves Jacquot
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), CNRS-UMR 7203, Sorbonne University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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16
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Luddi A, Governini L, Wilmskötter D, Gudermann T, Boekhoff I, Piomboni P. Taste Receptors: New Players in Sperm Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E967. [PMID: 30813355 PMCID: PMC6413048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste receptors were first described as sensory receptors located on the tongue, where they are expressed in small clusters of specialized epithelial cells. However, more studies were published in recent years pointing to an expression of these proteins not only in the oral cavity but throughout the body and thus to a physiological role beyond the tongue. The recent observation that taste receptors and components of the coupled taste transduction cascade are also expressed during the different phases of spermatogenesis as well as in mature spermatozoa from mouse to humans and the overlap between the ligand spectrum of taste receptors with compounds in the male and female reproductive organs makes it reasonable to assume that sperm "taste" these different cues in their natural microenvironments. This assumption is assisted by the recent observations of a reproductive phenotype of different mouse lines carrying a targeted deletion of a taste receptor gene as well as the finding of a significant correlation between human male infertility and some polymorphisms in taste receptors genes. In this review, we depict recent findings on the role of taste receptors in male fertility, especially focusing on their possible involvement in mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis and post testicular sperm maturation. We also highlight the impact of genetic deletions of taste receptors, as well as their polymorphisms on male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Dorke Wilmskötter
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Boekhoff
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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17
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Golovko AI, Ivanov MB, Golovko ES, Dolgo-Saburov VB, Zatsepin EP. The Neurochemical Mechanisms of the Pharmacological Activities of Inverse Agonists of the Benzodiazepine Binding Site. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Winther M, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. Formyl Peptide Receptors in Mice and Men: Similarities and Differences in Recognition of Conventional Ligands and Modulating Lipopeptides. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:191-198. [PMID: 28881079 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pattern recognition formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the class of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest group of cell surface receptors involved in a range of physiological processes and pathologies. The FPRs have regulatory function in the initiation as well as resolution of inflammatory reactions, making them highly interesting as targets for drug development. Recent research in the GPCR/FPR fields has uncovered novel receptor biology concepts, including biased signalling/functional selectivity, allosteric modulation, receptor reactivation and receptor cross-talk. When it comes to allosteric modulators, 'tailor-made' lipopeptides (pepducins and lipopeptoids) represent a novel concept of GPCR/FPR regulation. This MiniReview is focused on the basis for recognition of conventional ligands and immunomodulating lipopeptides, novel allosteric modulators for the FPRs, receptors that are highly expressed by both human and mouse neutrophils. The FPRs play key roles in host defence against microbial infections, tissue homeostasis and the initiation as well as resolution of inflammation but there are both similarities and differences in ligand recognition between mice and men. Thus, identification and functional characterization of activating and inhibiting ligands should provide insights into future design of FPR-based animal models of human diseases and development of therapeutics for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Winther
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Hu L, Chang L, Zhang Y, Zhai L, Zhang S, Qi Z, Yan H, Yan Y, Luo X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Kunapuli SP, Ye H, Ding Z. Platelets Express Activated P2Y 12 Receptor in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation 2017. [PMID: 28637879 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus are hyperactive. Hyperactivated platelets may contribute to cardiovascular complications and inadequate responses to antiplatelet agents in the setting of diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism of hyperactivated platelets is not completely understood. METHODS We measured P2Y12 expression on platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and on platelets from rats with diabetes mellitus. We also assayed platelet P2Y12 activation by measuring cAMP and VASP phosphorylation. The antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of AR-C78511 and cangrelor were compared in rats. Finally, we explored the role of the nuclear factor-κB pathway in regulating P2Y12 receptor expression in megakaryocytes. RESULTS Platelet P2Y12 levels are 4-fold higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with healthy subjects. P2Y12 expression correlates with ADP-induced platelet aggregation (r=0.89, P<0.01). P2Y12 in platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus is constitutively activated. Although both AR-C78511, a potent P2Y12 inverse agonist, and cangrelor have similar antiplatelet efficacy on platelets from healthy subjects, AR-C78511 exhibits more powerful antiplatelet effects on diabetic platelets than cangrelor (aggregation ratio 36±3% versus 49±5%, respectively, P<0.05). Using a FeCl3-injury mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model in rats and an arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model in rats, we found that the inverse agonist AR-C78511 has greater antithrombotic effects on GK rats with diabetes mellitus than cangrelor (thrombus weight 4.9±0.3 mg versus 8.3±0.4 mg, respectively, P<0.01). We also found that a pathway involving high glucose-reactive oxygen species-nuclear factor-κB increases platelet P2Y12 receptor expression in diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Platelet P2Y12 receptor expression is significantly increased and the receptor is constitutively activated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which contributes to platelet hyperactivity and limits antiplatelet drug efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Chang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhai
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinping Luo
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Si Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Hattori Y, Seifert R. Pharmacological Characterization of Human Histamine Receptors and Histamine Receptor Mutants in the Sf9 Cell Expression System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:63-118. [PMID: 28233175 PMCID: PMC7120522 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large problem of histamine receptor research is data heterogeneity. Various experimental approaches, the complex signaling pathways of mammalian cells, and the use of different species orthologues render it difficult to compare and interpret the published results. Thus, the four human histamine receptor subtypes were analyzed side-by-side in the Sf9 insect cell expression system, using radioligand binding assays as well as functional readouts proximal to the receptor activation event (steady-state GTPase assays and [35S]GTPγS assays). The human H1R was co-expressed with the regulators of G protein signaling RGS4 or GAIP, which unmasked a productive interaction between hH1R and insect cell Gαq. By contrast, functional expression of the hH2R required the generation of an hH2R-Gsα fusion protein to ensure close proximity of G protein and receptor. Fusion of hH2R to the long (GsαL) or short (GsαS) splice variant of Gαs resulted in comparable constitutive hH2R activity, although both G protein variants show different GDP affinities. Medicinal chemistry studies revealed profound species differences between hH1R/hH2R and their guinea pig orthologues gpH1R/gpH2R. The causes for these differences were analyzed by molecular modeling in combination with mutational studies. Co-expression of the hH3R with Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gαi/o in Sf9 cells revealed high constitutive activity and comparable interaction efficiency with all G protein isoforms. A comparison of various cations (Li+, Na+, K+) and anions (Cl-, Br-, I-) revealed that anions with large radii most efficiently stabilize the inactive hH3R state. Potential sodium binding sites in the hH3R protein were analyzed by expressing specific hH3R mutants in Sf9 cells. In contrast to the hH3R, the hH4R preferentially couples to co-expressed Gαi2 in Sf9 cells. Its high constitutive activity is resistant to NaCl or GTPγS. The hH4R shows structural instability and adopts a G protein-independent high-affinity state. A detailed characterization of affinity and activity of a series of hH4R antagonists/inverse agonists allowed first conclusions about structure/activity relationships for inverse agonists at hH4R. In summary, the Sf9 cell system permitted a successful side-by-side comparison of all four human histamine receptor subtypes. This chapter summarizes the results of pharmacological as well as medicinal chemistry/molecular modeling approaches and demonstrates that these data are not only important for a deeper understanding of HxR pharmacology, but also have significant implications for the molecular pharmacology of GPCRs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Suckow AT, Briscoe CP. Key Questions for Translation of FFA Receptors: From Pharmacology to Medicines. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 236:101-131. [PMID: 27873087 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of fatty acids as ligands for the G-protein coupled free fatty acid (FFA) receptor family over 10 years ago led to intensive chemistry efforts to find small-molecule ligands for this class of receptors. Identification of potent, selective modulators of the FFA receptors and their utility in medicine has proven challenging, in part due to their complex pharmacology. Nevertheless, ligands have been identified that are sufficient for exploring the therapeutic potential of this class of receptors in rodents and, in the case of FFA1, FFA2, FFA4, and GPR84, also in humans. Expression profiling, the phenotyping of FFA receptor knockout mice, and the results of studies exploring the effects of these ligands in rodents have uncovered a number of indications where engagement of one or a combination of FFA receptors might provide some clinical benefit in areas including diabetes, inflammatory bowel syndrome, Alzheimer's, pain, and cancer. In this chapter, we will review the clinical potential of modulating FFA receptors based on preclinical and in some cases clinical studies with synthetic ligands. In particular, key aspects and challenges associated with small-molecule ligand identification and FFA receptor pharmacology will be addressed with a view of the hurdles that need to be overcome to fully understand the potential of the receptors as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celia P Briscoe
- Epigen Biosciences, 10225 Barnes Canyon Rd, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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