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Prims S, Van Ginneken C, Van Ostade X, Casteleyn C. Welfare Assessment in Pigs Using the Salivary Proteome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1703. [PMID: 38891749 PMCID: PMC11171187 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying the potential presence of stress at the pig farm is fundamental since it affects pig welfare. As a result, a reliable and straightforward tool to monitor stress could record the welfare status of the animals. Although numerous methods to assess the welfare of pigs have been developed in the past, no gold standard has been established yet. Recently, the value of saliva as a tool to identify chronic stress in piglets was explored, as it can be collected fast and non-invasively. Since the protein composition, i.e., the proteome of porcine saliva, responds to stress, the affected proteins could be used as salivary stress biomarkers. The present review first defines stress and its relationship with welfare. Next, the porcine gland-specific salivary proteome is characterized. Finally, six potential salivary biomarkers for stress are proposed, i.e., odorant-binding protein, vomeromodulin-like protein, chitinase, lipocalin-1, long palate lung and nasal epithelium protein, and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Prims
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (S.P.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (S.P.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Xaveer Van Ostade
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (S.P.); (C.V.G.)
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Kubo M, Eda R, Maehana S, Fuketa H, Shinkai N, Kawamura N, Kitasato H, Hanaki H. Virucidal efficacy of hypochlorous acid water for aqueous phase and atomization against SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:601-611. [PMID: 38557574 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged at the end of 2019. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through droplets, aerosols, and fomites. Disinfectants such as alcohol, quaternary ammonium salts, and chlorine-releasing agents, including hypochlorous acid, are used to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of ionless hypochlorous acid water (HOCl) in suspension and by spraying to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. The virucidal efficacy of HOCl solution in tests against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated as 50% tissue culture infectious dose. Although the presence of organic compounds influenced the virucidal efficacy, HOCl treatment for 20 s was significantly effective to inactivate Wuhan and Delta strains in the suspension test. HOCl atomization for several hours significantly reduced the SARS-CoV-2 attached to plastic plates. These results indicate that HOCl solution with elimination containing NaCl and other ions may have high virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. This study provides important information about the virucidal efficacy and use of HOCl solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kubo
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan E-mail:
| | - Ryotaro Eda
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shotaro Maehana
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Research Facility of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fuketa
- NIPRO Corporation, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, 7-2 Minamisakae-cho Kasukabe, Saitama 344-0057, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shinkai
- NIPRO Corporation, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, 7-2 Minamisakae-cho Kasukabe, Saitama 344-0057, Japan
| | - Naohisa Kawamura
- NIPRO Corporation, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, 7-2 Minamisakae-cho Kasukabe, Saitama 344-0057, Japan
| | - Hidero Kitasato
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Infection Control Research Center, The Omura Satoshi Memorial Institution, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Kvapilova K, Misenko P, Radvanszky J, Brzon O, Budis J, Gazdarica J, Pos O, Korabecna M, Kasny M, Szemes T, Kvapil P, Paces J, Kozmik Z. Validated WGS and WES protocols proved saliva-derived gDNA as an equivalent to blood-derived gDNA for clinical and population genomic analyses. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:187. [PMID: 38365587 PMCID: PMC10873937 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) have become standard methods in human clinical diagnostics as well as in population genomics (POPGEN). Blood-derived genomic DNA (gDNA) is routinely used in the clinical environment. Conversely, many POPGEN studies and commercial tests benefit from easy saliva sampling. Here, we evaluated the quality of variant call sets and the level of genotype concordance of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (indels) for WES and WGS using paired blood- and saliva-derived gDNA isolates employing genomic reference-based validated protocols. METHODS The genomic reference standard Coriell NA12878 was repeatedly analyzed using optimized WES and WGS protocols, and data calls were compared with the truth dataset published by the Genome in a Bottle Consortium. gDNA was extracted from the paired blood and saliva samples of 10 participants and processed using the same protocols. A comparison of paired blood-saliva call sets was performed in the context of WGS and WES genomic reference-based technical validation results. RESULTS The quality pattern of called variants obtained from genomic-reference-based technical replicates correlates with data calls of paired blood-saliva-derived samples in all levels of tested examinations despite a higher rate of non-human contamination found in the saliva samples. The F1 score of 10 blood-to-saliva-derived comparisons ranged between 0.8030-0.9998 for SNVs and between 0.8883-0.9991 for small-indels in the case of the WGS protocol, and between 0.8643-0.999 for SNVs and between 0.7781-1.000 for small-indels in the case of the WES protocol. CONCLUSION Saliva may be considered an equivalent material to blood for genetic analysis for both WGS and WES under strict protocol conditions. The accuracy of sequencing metrics and variant-detection accuracy is not affected by choosing saliva as the gDNA source instead of blood but much more significantly by the genomic context, variant types, and the sequencing technology used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kvapilova
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Applied Biotechnologies a.s, Služeb 4, Prague, 108 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavol Misenko
- Geneton s.r.o, Ilkovičova 8, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Jan Radvanszky
- Geneton s.r.o, Ilkovičova 8, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 3278/6, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 8, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Brzon
- Institute of Applied Biotechnologies a.s, Služeb 4, Prague, 108 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Budis
- Geneton s.r.o, Ilkovičova 8, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 8, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Slovak Centre for Scientific and Technical Information, Staré Mesto, Lamačská Cesta 8A, Bratislava, 811 04, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Gazdarica
- Geneton s.r.o, Ilkovičova 8, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 8, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Slovak Centre for Scientific and Technical Information, Staré Mesto, Lamačská Cesta 8A, Bratislava, 811 04, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Pos
- Geneton s.r.o, Ilkovičova 8, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 8, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Marie Korabecna
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kasny
- Institute of Applied Biotechnologies a.s, Služeb 4, Prague, 108 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Geneton s.r.o, Ilkovičova 8, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 3278/6, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 8, Karlova Ves, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Petr Kvapil
- Institute of Applied Biotechnologies a.s, Služeb 4, Prague, 108 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Paces
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
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Xiao H, Song W, Ai H, Zhang J, Lu J, Zhang D, Zhou Z, Xu P. Correlation between mortality and blood transfusion in patients with major surgery initially admitted to intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:298. [PMID: 37667179 PMCID: PMC10476360 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transfusing red blood cells promptly corrects anemia and improves tissue oxygenation in around 40% of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) after major surgical operations. This study's goal is to investigate how blood transfusions affect the mortality rates of patients after major surgery who are hospitalized in the ICU. METHODS Retrospective research was done on recently hospitalized patients who had major procedures in the ICU between October 2020 and February 2022 at the Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, China. The patients' prognoses at three months were used to classify them as either survivors or deceased. Patient demographic information, laboratory results, and blood transfusion histories were acquired, and the outcomes of the two groups were compared based on the differences. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the prognosis of surgical disease patients first admitted to the ICU. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive power of each risk factor. The relationship between transfusion frequency, transfusion modality, and patient outcome was examined using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS Data from 384 patients was included in the research; of them, 214 (or 55.7%) died within three months of their first stay in the ICU. The death group had higher scores on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) than the survival group did (all P < 0.05); the death group also had lower scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, platelet distribution width, and blood transfusion ratio. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.654 (1.281-1.989), a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.440 (1.207-1.701), and a P value of 0.05 for death in patients undergoing major surgery who were hospitalized to the intensive care unit (ICU). Areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.836, 0.799, and 0.871, respectively, and 95% CIs of 0.796-0.875, 0.755-0.842, and 0.837-0.904, respectively, all P0.05, had significant predictive value for patients initially admitted to the ICU and for APACHE II score > = 12 points, SOFA score > = 6, and blood transfusion. When all three indicators were used jointly to predict a patient's prognosis after major surgery, the accuracy increased to 86.4% (sensitivity) and 100% (specificity). There was a negative correlation between the number of blood transfusions a patient had and their outcome (r = 0.605, P < 0.001) and death (r = 0.698, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION A higher initial ICU APACHE II score, SOFA score, and a number of blood transfusions were associated with improved survival for patients undergoing major surgical operations. Patients' death rates have increased with the increase in the frequency and variety of blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Hongmei Ai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Danping Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Zaiwen Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The People's Hospital of Tuanfeng, Tuanfeng, 438800, China.
| | - Pu Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Glavina A, Lugović-Mihić L, Martinović D, Cigić L, Tandara L, Lukenda M, Biočina-Lukenda D, Šupe-Domić D. Association between Salivary Cortisol and α-Amylase with the Psychological Profile of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2182. [PMID: 37626679 PMCID: PMC10452894 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the concentration/activity of salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase) and the psychological profile of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS). A total of 160 subjects participated in this case-control study: 60 patients with OLP; 60 patients with primary BMS; and 40 control subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected between 9 and 10 a.m. Salivary biomarkers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Psychological assessment was evaluated with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The patients with primary BMS had higher salivary cortisol concentrations and α-amylase activity (0.52 vs. 0.44 µg/dL; 160,531 vs. 145,804 U/L; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Scheffe test) compared with patients with OLP. The patients with primary BMS had statistically significant higher scores for depression, anxiety, and stress compared with patients with OLP and control subjects (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). There was a strong positive correlation between anxiety and depression, stress and depression, and stress and anxiety in patients with OLP and BMS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively; Spearman's correlation). There was a good positive correlation between symptom intensity (pain/burning) and psychological profile (depression, anxiety, stress) in patients with primary BMS (r = 0.373, p = 0.003; r = 0.515, p < 0.001; r = 0.365, p = 0.004, respectively; Spearman's correlation). This case-control study is the first to compare the psychoendocrinological profile of patients with two different oral diseases. The patients with BMS showed a higher concentration/activity of salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase) and a stronger association with mental disorders compared with patients with OLP. However, an interdisciplinary psychoneuroimmunological approach is equally important in both patient groups (OLP and BMS), regardless of whether mental disorders are the cause or the consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Glavina
- Dental Clinic Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.G.); (D.B.-L.)
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinović
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Cigić
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Leida Tandara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marino Lukenda
- Study in English, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Dolores Biočina-Lukenda
- Dental Clinic Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.G.); (D.B.-L.)
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Šupe-Domić
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Prims S, Van Ostade X, Ayuso M, Dom M, Van Raemdonck G, Van Cruchten S, Casteleyn C, Van Ginneken C. Chronic exposure to multiple stressors alters the salivary proteome of piglets. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286455. [PMID: 37235602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring chronic stress in pigs is not only essential in view of animal welfare but is also important for the farmer, given that stress influences the zootechnical performance of the pigs and increases their susceptibility to infectious diseases. To investigate the use of saliva as a non-invasive, objective chronic stress monitoring tool, twenty-four 4-day-old piglets were transferred to artificial brooders. At the age of 7 days, they were assigned to either the control or the stressed group and reared for three weeks. Piglets in the stressed group were exposed to overcrowding, absence of cage enrichment, and frequent mixing of animals between pens. Shotgun analysis using an isobaric labelling method (iTRAQ) for tandem mass spectrometry performed on saliva samples taken after three weeks of chronic stress identified 392 proteins, of which 20 proteins displayed significantly altered concentrations. From these 20 proteins, eight were selected for further validation using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). For this validation, saliva samples that were taken one week after the start of the experiment and samples that were taken at the end of the experiment were analysed to verify the profile over time. We wanted to investigate whether the candidate biomarkers responded fast or rather slowly to the onset of chronic exposure to multiple stressors. Furthermore, this validation could indicate whether age influenced the baseline concentrations of these salivary proteins, both in healthy and stressed animals. This targeted PRM analysis confirmed that alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein was upregulated in the stressed group after one and three weeks, while odorant-binding protein, chitinase, long palate lung and nasal epithelium protein 5, lipocalin-1, and vomeromodulin-like protein were present in lower concentrations in the saliva of the stressed pigs, albeit only after three weeks. These results indicate that the porcine salivary proteome is altered by chronic exposure to multiple stressors. The affected proteins could be used as salivary biomarkers to identify welfare problems at the farm and facilitate research to optimise rearing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Prims
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xaveer Van Ostade
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics (CfP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Miriam Ayuso
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Dom
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics (CfP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Szulimowska J, Zalewska A, Taranta-Janusz K, Marczuk-Kolada G, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Maciejczyk M. Association Between Salivary Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors and Salivary Gland Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1103-1120. [PMID: 36941986 PMCID: PMC10024471 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s399786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to multiple organ complications not only in the kidneys and the cardiovascular system, but also in the oral cavity. CKD children experience reduced saliva secretion (hyposalivation), which leads to increased incidence of dental caries and significant impairment of patients' quality of life. However, the causes of salivary gland dysfunction in children with CKD are unknown. The present study is the first to evaluate the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile in the saliva of children with CKD at different stages of renal failure with normal and reduced salivary gland function. Methods Thirty children with CKD (age 9-16) and thirty age- and gender-matched healthy children were classified for the study. Salivary inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile were assayed using the multiplex ELISA assay. Results We demonstrated statistically significant changes in salivary pro-inflammatory (↑TNF-α, ↓IL-7), anti-inflammatory (↑IL-10), Th1 (↑INF-γ, ↑IL-15), Th2 (↑IL-4, ↑IL-5, ↑IL-6, ↑IL-9) and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines as well as chemokines (↑MCP-1/CCL-2, ↑MIP-1α/CCL3, ↓MIP-1β/CCL4, ↓EOTAXIN/CCL11) and growth factors (↑G-CSF, ↑FGF) in unstimulated saliva of children with CKD compared to the controls. Although the evaluation of the salivary inflammatory profile does not indicate a particular dominance of any of the branches of the immune system, we observed a statistically significant increase in the concentration of all Th2 cytokines assayed. The multivariate regression analysis showed that the content of salivary cytokines, chemokines and growth factors depends on the secretory function of the salivary glands, ie, salivary flow, total protein concentration and amylase activity in the saliva. Salivary MIP-1α/CCL3 was the most effective to differentiate children with CKD and hyposalivation from patients with normal saliva secretion. Discussion Inflammation is involved in salivary gland dysfunction in children with CKD, although further studies on in vitro and in vivo models are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Szulimowska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok, 15-233, Poland, Email
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Jesuthasan A, Ali A, Lee JKW, Rutherfurd-Markwick K. Assessment of Changes in Physiological Markers in Different Body Fluids at Rest and after Exercise. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214685. [PMID: 36364948 PMCID: PMC9654217 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and biological markers in different body fluids are used to measure the body’s physiological or pathological status. In the field of sports and exercise medicine, the use of these markers has recently become more popular for monitoring an athlete’s training response and assessing the immediate or long-term effects of exercise. Although the effect of exercise on different physiological markers using various body fluids is well substantiated, no article has undertaken a review across multiple body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine and sweat. This narrative review aims to assess various physiological markers in blood, urine and saliva, at rest and after exercise and examines physiological marker levels obtained across similar studies, with a focus on the population and study methodology used. Literature searches were conducted using PRISMA guidelines for keywords such as exercise, physical activity, serum, sweat, urine, and biomarkers, resulting in an analysis of 15 studies for this review paper. When comparing the effects of exercise on physiological markers across different body fluids (blood, urine, and saliva), the changes detected were generally in the same direction. However, the extent of the change varied, potentially as a result of the type and duration of exercise, the sample population and subject numbers, fitness levels, and/or dietary intake. In addition, none of the studies used solely female participants; instead, including males only or both male and female subjects together. The results of some physiological markers are sex-dependent. Therefore, to better understand how the levels of these biomarkers change in relation to exercise and performance, the sex of the participants should also be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalini Jesuthasan
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Ajmol Ali
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-213-6646
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9
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Venta A, Bechelli J, Bick J, Brewer TM, Boisvert D, Wells J, Lewis RH, Armstrong T. Inflammatory and environmental contributions to social information processing. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:461-476. [PMID: 34622742 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1985540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It appears that social information processing is negatively affected by inflammation, but extant research is primarily experimental and comes from laboratory-based manipulations of inflammatory states. We aimed to examine interactions between inflammation, stressful life events, and positive memories of childhood relations with parents in relation to social information processing in 201 adults. We hypothesized that increased inflammation and stressful life events would be associated with greater hostile social information processing, but that positive memories of childhood relations with parents would moderate both relations. Results indicated that high IL-6 levels and stressful life events were significantly associated with direct and hostile social information processing. Positive memories of childhood relations with parents attenuated the link between stressful life events and social information processing. Findings suggest that both immune function and environmental stressors are related to social information processing and that positive memories of childhood relations exert some buffering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Venta
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy Bechelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Johanna Bick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trisha M Brewer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Danielle Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jessica Wells
- Department of Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Richard H Lewis
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Todd Armstrong
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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10
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Mussap M, Fanos V. Could metabolomics drive the fate of COVID-19 pandemic? A narrative review on lights and shadows. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1891-1905. [PMID: 34332518 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection activates a complex interaction host/virus, leading to the reprogramming of the host metabolism aimed at the energy supply for viral replication. Alterations of the host metabolic homeostasis strongly influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, forming the basis of a wide range of outcomes, from the asymptomatic infection to the onset of COVID-19 and up to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome, vascular dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and death. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms associated with the individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection calls for a system biology approach; this strategy can address multiple goals, including which patients will respond effectively to the therapeutic treatment. The power of metabolomics lies in the ability to recognize endogenous and exogenous metabolites within a biological sample, measuring their concentration, and identifying perturbations of biochemical pathways associated with qualitative and quantitative metabolic changes. Over the last year, a limited number of metabolomics- and lipidomics-based clinical studies in COVID-19 patients have been published and are discussed in this review. Remarkable alterations in the lipid and amino acid metabolism depict the molecular phenotype of subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2; notably, structural and functional data on the lipids-virus interaction may open new perspectives on targeted therapeutic interventions. Several limitations affect most metabolomics-based studies, slowing the routine application of metabolomics. However, moving metabolomics from bench to bedside cannot imply the mere determination of a given metabolite panel; rather, slotting metabolomics into clinical practice requires the conversion of metabolic patient-specific data into actionable clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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11
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Danwang C, Noubiap JJ, Souopgui J, Gaudart J, Yombi JC, Robert A. Accuracy of malaria diagnostic tests performed on non-invasively collected samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005634. [PMID: 34078631 PMCID: PMC8173286 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade, many studies have assessed the performance of malaria tests on non-invasively collected specimens, but no systematic review has hitherto estimated the overall performance of these tests. We report here the first meta-analysis estimating the diagnostic performance of malaria diagnostic tests performed on saliva, urine, faeces, skin odour (‘sniff and tell’) and hair, using either microscopy or PCR on blood sample as reference test. Methods We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, African Journals Online and Cochrane Infectious Diseases from inception until 19 January 2021 for relevant primary studies. A random effects model was used to estimate the overall performance of various diagnostic methods on different types of specimen. Results Eighteen studies providing 30 data sets were included in the meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic OR (DOR) of PCR were 84.5% (95% CI 79.3% to 88.6%), 97.3% (95% CI 95.3% to 98.5%) and 184.9 (95% CI 95.8 to 356.9) in saliva, respectively; 57.4% (95% CI 41.4% to 72.1%), 98.6% (95% CI 97.3% to 99.3%) and 47.2 (95% CI 22.1 to 101.1) in urine, respectively. The overall sensitivity, specificity and DOR of rapid diagnostic test for malaria in urine was 59.8% (95% CI 40.0% to 76.9%), 96.9% (95% CI 91.0% to 99.0%) and 30.8 (95% CI:23.5 to 40.4). Conclusion In settings where PCR is available, saliva and urine samples should be considered for PCR-based malaria diagnosis only if blood samples cannot be collected. The performance of rapid diagnostic testing in the urine is limited, especially its sensitivity. Malaria testing on non-invasively collected specimen still needs substantial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestin Danwang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia's, Australia
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hop Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistics & ICT, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Cyr Yombi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annie Robert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Ramírez GM, Villar CC, Saraiva L, Benítez CG, Rubio CM, Malheiros ZM, Stewart B, Kilpatrick L, Romito GA. The effect of a toothpaste containing oleanolic acid in reducing plaque and gingivitis: a proof-of-concept randomized trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:450-463. [PMID: 34046989 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the safety and efficacy of an oleanolic acid (OA)-containing toothpaste in reducing gingival inflammation and plaque in patients with gingivitis. METHODS This proof-of-concept parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial included 99 patients. Following a 1-week washout, patients were randomized into three groups: OA group (fluoride toothpaste containing 0.1% OA and placebo mouthwash); negative control (fluoride toothpaste and placebo mouthwash); and CHX group (fluoride toothpaste and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash). Patients were clinically assessed at inclusion, pre-washout visit, baseline and after 4 days, 1 week and 2 weeks of twice-daily use of the products. Patients received a diary for documentation of bleeding on brushing and provided unstimulated saliva samples. RESULTS After two weeks, all groups showed significant reductions in all clinical parameters. The CHX group exhibited significantly greater reductions in gingival index and interproximal gingival index scores at week 2, as compared to patients in the negative control (p = 0.04). In contrast, reductions in gingival index scores did not differ between CHX and OA groups and between OA and negative control groups at week 2. The CHX group had significantly greater reductions in plaque index scores at day-4, 1-week and 2-week evaluations, as compared to the negative control and OA groups. The frequency of adverse events was similar among the groups. None of the groups reduced salivary transferrin levels. Finally, the OA group had the lowest percentage of self-reported bleeding events. CONCLUSION OA toothpaste failed to provide antiplaque and antigingivitis effects superior to those of a fluoride toothpaste after 2 weeks of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Ramírez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cunha Villar
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Saraiva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Benítez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Colgate-Palmolive, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Carlos M Rubio
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe A Romito
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Human Saliva as a Diagnostic Specimen for Early Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers by Real-Time RT-PCR. Inflammation 2021; 44:1713-1723. [PMID: 34031776 PMCID: PMC8143742 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays human saliva is more frequently studied as a non-invasive, stress-free, and preferable diagnostic material than blood. Supporting evidences acknowledge saliva as a mirror that reflects the body’s physical state. Numerous studies have also demonstrated the presence and use of RNA derived from saliva in the early diagnosis of disease by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Assessing the host inflammatory response in patients and its resolution at an early stage can serve as a prognostic and predictive method in determining therapeutic response or disease progression. In this context, the potential of saliva as a specimen to diagnose early inflammatory biomarkers using RT-PCR seems fascinating and useful. Here, we review inflammatory biomarkers within the saliva, focusing on early detection of these biomarkers using RT-PCR and the factors influencing the quality of saliva specimen.
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14
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Osaki S, Wakida SI, Saito M, Tamiya E. Towards On-site Determination of Secretory IgA in Artificial Saliva with Gold-Linked Electrochemical Immunoassay (GLEIA) Using Portable Potentiostat and Disposable Printed Electrode. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:1311-1320. [PMID: 32535815 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mental stress is closely connected with our physical and mental wellness. Therefore, stress measurement can contribute to assess our lifestyle and increase our quality of life. In this paper, we detect the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which is the candidate of salivary stress markers, with original electrochemical immunoassay: gold-linked electrochemical immunoassay (GLEIA). This biosensor is based on a sandwich-type immunosensor and adopts the electrochemical method to detect the reduction peak from Au nanoparticles linked to the secondary antibody. GLEIA is convenient and cost-effective that only requires a low sample volume (10 μL). In addition, the GLEIA show high sensitivity and selectivity. We obtained the linear response to relate the concentration of sIgA (10-300 ng/mL) in D-PBS buffer with the artificial saliva which includes salivary inorganic salt and typically glycoprotein (mucin). Furthermore, we obtained acceptable selectivity in the various solution with salivary proteins such as α-amylase, human serum albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), lysozyme, and mucin. In the future, we try to detect the sIgA in real saliva for on-site stress measurement using GLEIA and to integrate the various immunosensors for stress markers in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Osaki
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Wakida
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Suita, Japan. .,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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15
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Carraro U. Thirty years of translational research in Mobility Medicine: Collection of abstracts of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8826. [PMID: 32499887 PMCID: PMC7254447 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century of skeletal muscle research is continuing at Padua University (Italy) under the auspices of the Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) and recently also with the support of the A&CM-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy. The Volume 30(1), 2020 of the EJTM opens with the collection of abstracts for the conference "2020 Padua Muscle Days: Mobility Medicine 30 years of Translational Research". This is an international conference that will be held between March 18-21, 2020 in Euganei Hills and Padova in Italy. The abstracts are excellent examples of translational research and of the multidimensional approaches that are needed to classify and manage (in both the acute and chronic phases) diseases of Mobility that span from neurologic, metabolic and traumatic syndromes to the biological process of aging. One of the typical aim of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is indeed to reduce pain and increase mobility enough to enable impaired persons to walk freely, garden, and drive again. The excellent contents of this Collection of Abstracts reflect the high scientific caliber of researchers and clinicians who are eager to present their results at the PaduaMuscleDays. A series of EJTM Communications will also add to this preliminary evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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16
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Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040929. [PMID: 32231113 PMCID: PMC7230786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a panel of salivary analytes involving biomarkers of inflammation, stress, immune system and antioxidant status in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to study their relationship with clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients with BMS and 31 controls were consecutively enrolled in the study, with the recording of oral habits, the severity of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14) score. Resting whole saliva was collected with the drainage technique, followed by the measurement of 11 biomarkers. Results: The salivary flow was higher in patients with BMS. Among all the biomarkers studied, significantly higher levels of alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP4) and lower levels of uric acid and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were observed in the saliva of patients with BMS as compared to the controls (p < 0.05 in all cases). Positive correlations were found between pain, oral quality of life and anxiety scores and salivary biomarkers. Conclusions: BMS is associated with changes in salivary biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and stress, being related to the degree of pain and anxiety.
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17
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Agha NH, Baker FL, Kunz HE, Spielmann G, Mylabathula PL, Rooney BV, Mehta SK, Pierson DL, Laughlin MS, Markofski MM, Crucian BE, Simpson RJ. Salivary antimicrobial proteins and stress biomarkers are elevated during a 6-month mission to the International Space Station. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:264-275. [PMID: 31751178 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00560.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the international space community plans for manned missions to Mars, spaceflight-associated immune dysregulation has been identified as a potential risk to the health and safety of the flight crew. There is a need to determine whether salivary antimicrobial proteins, which act as a first line of innate immune defense against multiple pathogens, are altered in response to long-duration (>6 mo) missions. We collected 7 consecutive days of whole and sublingual saliva samples from eight International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers and seven ground-based control subjects at nine mission time points, ~180 and ~60 days before launch (L-180/L-60), on orbit at flight days ~10 and ~90 (FD10/FD90) and ~1 day before return (R-1), and at R+0, R+18, R+33, and R+66 days after returning to Earth. We found that salivary secretory (s)IgA, lysozyme, LL-37, and the cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone ratio were elevated in the ISS crew before (L-180) and during (FD10/FD90) the mission. "Rookie" crewmembers embarking on their first spaceflight mission had lower levels of salivary sIgA but increased levels of α-amylase, lysozyme, and LL-37 during and after the mission compared with the "veteran" crew who had previously flown. Latent herpesvirus reactivation was distinct to the ~6-mo mission crewmembers who performed extravehicular activity ("spacewalks"). Crewmembers who shed at least one latent virus had higher cortisol levels than those who did not shed. We conclude that long-duration spaceflight alters the concentration and/or secretion of several antimicrobial proteins in saliva, some of which are related to crewmember flight experience, biomarkers of stress, and latent viral reactivation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spaceflight-associated immune dysregulation may jeopardize future exploration-class missions. Salivary antimicrobial proteins act as a first line of innate immune defense. We report here that several of these proteins are elevated in astronauts during an International Space Station mission, particularly in those embarking on their first space voyage. Astronauts who shed a latent herpesvirus also had higher concentrations of salivary cortisol compared with those who did not shed. Stress-relieving countermeasures are needed to preserve immunity and prevent viral reactivation during prolonged voyages into deep space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia H Agha
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Forrest L Baker
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Hawley E Kunz
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Preteesh L Mylabathula
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Bridgette V Rooney
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,GeoControl Systems, Incorporated, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Satish K Mehta
- JesTech, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Duane L Pierson
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitzi S Laughlin
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Fondren Orthopedic Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa M Markofski
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian E Crucian
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Ravara B, Zampieri S, Kern H, Carraro U. Blood contamination, a problem or a lucky chance to analyze non-invasively Myokines in mouth fluids? Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8713. [PMID: 31908751 PMCID: PMC6926435 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of saliva in clinical studies are increasing to identify methods less invasive than blood sampling in search for systemic changes of biomarkers related to physical activity, aging, late aging and rehabilitation. The consensus is that the diagnostic value of whole saliva is compromised by the presence of blood, but we are looking at the contamination as a major opportunity for non-invasive analyses of serological biomarkers. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of serum in mouth fluids of healthy seniors and the eventual changes after a modest trauma, i.e., tooth brushing. Seven heathy persons, aged more than 65 years, drooling saliva in a test tube provided the fluids for the analyses. After low speed centrifugation, small aliquots of supernatants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80° until use. Aliquots were thawed and used for quantification by the Lowry method of total proteins and by colorimetric ELISA of serum albumin, fibrinogen and lysozyme. Hemoglobin content was quantified by Spectrophotometry. Adjustment of saliva dilution, after a preliminary test, increased the homogeneity of the analytes’ content determined by colorimetric ELISA. The control reference to judge the quantity of serum in saliva was a pool of sera from age-matched healthy persons. Saliva collected from the seven healthy elderly person before and after tooth-and-gum, brushing presented measurable amount of the analytes, including fibrinogen, a minor component of the pooled sera. Tooth brushing did not induced statistically significant difference in analytes’ contents, suggesting that a measurable blood contamination is a frequent event in elderly persons. In conclusion, fibrinogen analysis in saliva is a promising approach to quantify serological biomarkers by a non-invasive procedure that will increase acceptability and frequency of analyses during follow-up in aging and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ravara
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy.,A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Rehabilitation Research, St Pölten, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prim. Dr. H Kern GmbH, Amstetten, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Rehabilitation Research, St Pölten, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prim. Dr. H Kern GmbH, Amstetten, Austria
| | - Ugo Carraro
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy.,A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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19
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de Andrade CM, Galvão-Moreira LV, de Oliveira JFF, Bomfim MRQ, Monteiro SG, Figueiredo PDMS, Branco-de-Almeida LS. Salivary biomarkers for caries susceptibility and mental stress in individuals with facial pain. Cranio 2019; 39:231-237. [DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1607445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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