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Murdocca M, Romeo I, Citro G, Latini A, Centofanti F, Bugatti A, Caccuri F, Caruso A, Ortuso F, Alcaro S, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G. A Dynamic and Effective Peptide-Based Strategy for Promptly Addressing Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:891. [PMID: 39065742 PMCID: PMC11279616 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic surveillance based on sequencing the entire genetic code of SARS-CoV-2 involves monitoring and studying genetic changes and variations in disease-causing organisms such as viruses and bacteria. By tracing the virus, it is possible to prevent epidemic spread in the community, ensuring a 'precision public health' strategy. A peptide-based design was applied to provide an efficacious strategy that is able to counteract any emerging viral variant of concern dynamically and promptly to affect the outcomes of a pandemic at an early stage while waiting for the production of the anti-variant-specific vaccine, which require longer times. The inhibition of the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and one of the cellular receptors (DPP4) that its receptors routinely bind to infect human cells is an intriguing therapeutic approach to prevent the virus from entering human cells. Among the other modalities developed for this purpose, peptides surely offer unique advantages, including ease of synthesis, serum stability, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and small production and distribution chain costs. Here, we obtained a potent new inhibitor based on the rearrangement of a previously identified peptide that has been rationally designed on a cell dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) sequence, a ubiquitous membrane protein known to bind the RBD-SPIKE domain of the virus. This novel peptide (named DPP4-derived), conceived as an endogenous "drug", is capable of targeting the latest tested variants with a high affinity, reducing the VSV* DG-Fluc pseudovirus Omicron's infection capacity by up to 14%, as revealed by in vitro testing in human Calu-3 cells. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed the binding affinity of the new DPP4-derived peptide with Omicron variant RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.R.); (F.O.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Srl Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gennaro Citro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Federica Centofanti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.R.); (F.O.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Srl Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.R.); (F.O.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Srl Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.N.)
- IRCCS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Sasaki D, Arai T, Yang Y, Kuramochi M, Furuyama W, Nanbo A, Sekiguchi H, Morone N, Mio K, Sasaki YC. Micro-second time-resolved X-ray single-molecule internal motions of SARS-CoV-2 spike variants. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101712. [PMID: 38903159 PMCID: PMC11187434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule intramolecular dynamics were successfully measured for three variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, alpha: B.1.1.7, delta: B.1.617, and omicron: B.1.1.529, with a time resolution of 100 μs using X-rays. The results were then compared with respect to the magnitude and directions of motions for the three variants. The largest 3-D intramolecular movement was observed for the omicron variant irrespective of ACE2 receptor binding. A more detailed analysis of the intramolecular motions revealed that the distribution state of intramolecular motion for the three variants was completely different with and without ACE2 receptor binding. The molecular dynamics for the trimeric spike protein of the omicron variant increased when ACE2 binding occurred. At that time, the diffusion constant increased from 71.0 [mrad2/ms] to 91.1 [mrad2/ms].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Arai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yue Yang
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Naka-narusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekiguchi
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
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Baldelli A, Jerry Wong CY, Oguzlu H, Gholizadeh H, Guo Y, Ong HX, Singh A, Traini D, Pratap-Singh A. Nasal delivery of encapsulated recombinant ACE2 as a prophylactic drug for SARS-CoV-2. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124009. [PMID: 38493838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is responsible for cell fusion with SARS-CoV viruses. ACE2 is contained in different areas of the human body, including the nasal cavity, which is considered the main entrance for different types of airborne viruses. We took advantage of the roles of ACE2 and the nasal cavity in SARS-CoV-2 replication and transmission to develop a nasal dry powder. Recombinant ACE2 (rhACE2), after a proper encapsulation achieved via spray freeze drying, shows a binding efficiency with spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 higher than 77 % at quantities lower than 5 µg/ml. Once delivered to the nose, encapsulated rhACE2 led to viability and permeability of RPMI 2650 cells of at least 90.20 ± 0.67 % and 47.96 ± 4.46 %, respectively, for concentrations lower than 1 mg/ml. These results were validated using nasal dry powder containing rhACE2 to prevent or treat infections derived from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Canada; School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Chun Yuen Jerry Wong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hanieh Gholizadeh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yigong Guo
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University Australia Sydney, Australia
| | - Anika Singh
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, Centre for Applied Research, and Innovation (CARI), British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University Australia Sydney, Australia
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4
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Vettori M, Carpenè G, Salvagno GL, Gelati M, Dima F, Celegon G, Favaloro EJ, Lippi G. Effects of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants on Platelet Morphology and Activation. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:275-283. [PMID: 37327884 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are central elements of hemostasis and also play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019. This study was planned to investigate the effects of different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recombinant spike protein variants on platelet morphology and activation. Citrated whole blood collected from ostensibly healthy subjects was challenged with saline (control sample) and with 2 and 20 ng/mL final concentration of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein of Ancestral, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants. Platelet count was found to be decreased with all SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein variants and concentrations tested, achieving the lowest values with 20 ng/mL Delta recombinant spike protein. The mean platelet volume increased in all samples irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein variants and concentrations tested, but especially using Delta and Alpha recombinant spike proteins. The values of both platelet function analyzer-200 collagen-adenosine diphosphate and collagen-epinephrine increased in all samples irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein variants and concentrations tested, and thus reflecting platelet exhaustion, and displaying again higher increases with Delta and Alpha recombinant spike proteins. Most samples where SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike proteins were added were flagged as containing platelet clumps. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of a considerable number of activated platelets, platelet clumps, platelet-monocyte, and platelet-neutrophils aggregates, especially in samples spiked with Alpha and Delta recombinant spike proteins at 20 ng/mL. These results provide support to the evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of activating platelets through its spike protein, though such effect varies depending on different spike protein variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vettori
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carpenè
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Gelati
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Dima
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Celegon
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Department of Haematology, Sydney Centers for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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5
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Christ W, Klingström J, Tynell J. SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific differences in inhibiting the effects of the PKR-activated integrated stress response. Virus Res 2024; 339:199271. [PMID: 37979658 PMCID: PMC10716588 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a eukaryotic cell pathway that triggers translational arrest and the formation of stress granules (SGs) in response to various stress signals, including those caused by viral infections. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein has been shown to disrupt SGs, but SARS-CoV-2 interactions with other components of the pathway remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers the ISR through activation of the eIF2α-kinase PKR while inhibiting a variety of downstream effects. In line with previous studies, SG formation was efficiently inhibited and the induced eIF2α phosphorylation only minimally contributed to the translational arrest observed in infected cells. Despite ISR activation and translational arrest, expression of the stress-responsive transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP was not induced in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Finally, we found variant-specific differences in the activation of the ISR between ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants in that Delta infection induced weaker PKR activation while Omicron infection induced higher levels of p-eIF2α, and greatly increased SG formation compared to the other variants. Our results suggest that different SARS-CoV-2 variants can affect normal cell functions differently, which can have an impact on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Christ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet. Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet. Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Janne Tynell
- Zoonosis Unit, Department of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Alfaleh MA, Alsulaiman RM, Almahboub SA, Nezamuldeen L, Zawawi A, Aljehani ND, Yasir M, Abdulal RH, Alkhaldi R, Helal A, Alamri SS, Malki J, Alhabbab RY, Abujamel TS, Alhakamy NA, Alnami A, Algaissi A, Hassanain M, Hashem AM. ACE2-Fc and DPP4-Fc decoy receptors against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV variants: a quick therapeutic option for current and future coronaviruses outbreaks. Antib Ther 2024; 7:53-66. [PMID: 38371953 PMCID: PMC10873275 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs). Anti-CoVs mAbs and vaccines may be effective, but the emergence of neutralization escape variants is inevitable. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 enzyme are the getaway receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, respectively. Thus, we reformatted these receptors as Fc-fusion decoy receptors. Then, we tested them in parallel with anti-SARS-CoV (ab1-IgG) and anti-MERS-CoV (M336-IgG) mAbs against several variants using pseudovirus neutralization assay. The generated Fc-based decoy receptors exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against all pseudotyped CoVs. Results showed that although mAbs can be effective antiviral drugs, they might rapidly lose their efficacy against highly mutated viruses. We suggest that receptor traps can be engineered as Fc-fusion proteins for highly mutating viruses with known entry receptors, for a faster and effective therapeutic response even against virus harboring antibodies escape mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Alsulaiman
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Almahboub
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Nezamuldeen
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa D Aljehani
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rwaa H Abdulal
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Alkhaldi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assala Helal
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan S Alamri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana Malki
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Y Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Alnami
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
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Lee MT, Baek MS, Kim TW, Jung SY, Kim WY. Cardiovascular outcomes between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:394. [PMID: 37858177 PMCID: PMC10588072 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies that assessed the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were likely limited by lack of generalizability and selection of controls nonrepresentative of a counterfactual situation regarding COVID-19-related hospitalization. This study determined whether COVID-19 hospitalization was associated with incident cardiovascular outcomes compared to non-COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalization. METHODS Nationwide population-based study conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. A cohort of 132,784 inpatients with COVID-19 (October 8, 2020-September 30, 2021) and a cohort of 31,173 inpatients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia (January 1-December 31, 2019) were included. The primary outcome was the major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE; a composite of myocardial infarction and stroke). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all outcomes of interest were estimated between inverse probability of treatment-weighted patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia. RESULTS After weighting, the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia groups included 125,810 (mean [SD] age, 47.2 [17.6] years; men, 49.3%) and 28,492 patients (mean [SD] age, 48.6 [18.4] years; men, 47.2%), respectively. COVID-19 hospitalization was not associated with an increased risk of the MACE (HR, 0.84; 95% CI 0.69-1.03). However, the MACE (HR, 7.30; 95% CI 3.29-16.21), dysrhythmia (HR, 1.88; 95% CI 1.04-3.42), acute myocarditis (HR, 11.33; 95% CI 2.97-43.20), myocardial infarction (HR, 6.78; 95% CI 3.03-15.15), congestive heart failure (HR, 1.95; 95% CI 1.37-2.77), and thrombotic disease (HR, 8.26; 95% CI 4.06-16.83) risks were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 aged 18-39 years. The findings were consistent after adjustment for preexisting cardiovascular disease. COVID-19 hospitalization conferred a higher risk of acute myocarditis (HR, 6.47; 95% CI 2.53-16.52) or deep vein thrombosis (HR, 1.97; 95% CI 1.38-2.80), regardless of vaccination status. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were not at an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes compared to patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether the increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes is confined to younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Taek Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Seong Baek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Herranz M, Buenestado-Serrano S, Martín-Escolano J, Molero-Salinas A, Alonso R, Catalán P, Muñoz P, García de Viedma D, Pérez-Lago L. Alternative molecular and genomic strategies to provide a rapid response to alerts concerning the introduction of new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: the Omicron alert. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0107523. [PMID: 37737624 PMCID: PMC10586716 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01075-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) of particular relevance emerged. Early detection of VOCs entering a country is essential to control spread. The alert triggered by the first suspected case of the Omicron variant in Spain in a traveler arriving from South Africa in November 2021 provided a unique opportunity to evaluate four different methodological strategies tailored to rapid identification of Omicron. The different approaches were designed to respond to the different technical resources available in different settings. First, we used melting probes in RT-PCR to determine the presence of four Omicron signatures (K417N, E484A, P681H, and absence of L452R): three probes showed deviations in temperature (Tm) values relative to the reference codons (E484K-15.8°C, P681H-5.2°C, and L452R-7.2°C) and one maintained the reference value (K417N). The deviation in Tm of P681H suggested the presence of the characteristic Omicron N679K mutation in the probe hybridization region; these data pointed to the presence of Omicron alleles. Second, the presence of 29 of the 33 characteristic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Omicron variant S-gene was identified by Sanger sequencing of nine amplicons. The final two strategies involved identification of 47 of the 50 non-synonymous and indel mutations attributed to Omicron by rapid nanopore whole genome sequencing (WGS) and by Illumina WGS technology. These strategies enabled us to pre-assign the first Omicron case in Spain with high certainty 2 h after receipt of RNA and to confirm it genomically 3 h later, so that the Public Health authorities could be rapidly notified. IMPORTANCE The study presents different experimental alternatives to identify new variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 entering a certain population. Early detection of a new VOC is crucial for surveillance and control of spread. The objective is to provide laboratories with tools adapted to their resource capabilities that offer a sufficient level of resolution to rule out, confirm, or pre-assign the presence of a suspected VOC. The study describes four different techniques that were applied simultaneously to the first suspected Omicron case in Spain, highlighting the level of resolution and response time achieved in each case. These techniques are based on the detection of mutations in the S-gene of the virus that can easily adapt to potential emerging variants. The results of the study allow any laboratory to prepare for new alerts of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herranz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Buenestado-Serrano
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Escolano
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Molero-Salinas
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Marañón Microbiology-ID COVID 19 Study Group
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Burgos G, Ambuludí A, Morales-Jadán D, Garcia-Bereguiain MA, Muslin C, Armijos-Jaramillo V. A tool for the cheap and rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) by Sanger sequencing. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0506422. [PMID: 37676038 PMCID: PMC10586709 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05064-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus that, since March 2020, has been responsible for a global and ongoing pandemic. Its rapid spread over the past nearly 3 years has caused novel variants to arise. To monitor the circulation and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, surveillance systems based on nucleotide mutations are required. In this regard, we searched in the spike, ORF8, and nucleocapsid genes to detect variable sites among SARS-CoV-2 variants. We describe polymorphic genetic regions that enable us to differentiate between the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern (VoCs). We found 21 relevant mutations, 13 of which are unique for Omicron lineages BA.1/BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. This genetic profile enables the discrimination between VoCs using only four reverse transcription PCR fragments and Sanger sequencing, offering a cheaper and faster alternative to whole-genome sequencing for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. IMPORTANCE Our work describes a new (Sanger sequencing-based) screening methodology for SARS-CoV-2, performing PCR amplifications of a few target regions to detect diagnostic mutations between virus variants. Using the methodology developed in this work, we were able to discriminate between the following VoCs: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1/BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5). This becomes important, especially in low-income countries where current methodologies like next-generation sequencing have prohibitive costs. Furthermore, rapid detection would allow sanitary authorities to take rapid measures to limit the spread of the virus and therefore reduce the probability of new virus dispersion. With this methodological approach, 13 previously unreported diagnostic mutations among several Omicron lineages were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Ambuludí
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - USFQ SARS-CoV-2 Consortium
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Cumbaya, Ecuador
| | - Diana Morales-Jadán
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Claire Muslin
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vinicio Armijos-Jaramillo
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
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10
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Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Henry BM. Has SARS-CoV-2 evolved and adapted to circulate at high temperatures? Public Health 2023; 222:e14-e15. [PMID: 36257841 PMCID: PMC9477960 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - C Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - B M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Jalal D, Samir O, Elzayat MG, El-Shqanqery HE, Diab AA, ElKaialy L, Mohammed AM, Hamdy D, Matar IK, Amer K, Elnakib M, Hassan W, Mansour T, Soliman S, Hassan R, Al-Toukhy GM, Hammad M, Abdo I, Sayed AA. Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Egypt: insights into spike protein thermodynamic stability. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190133. [PMID: 37333655 PMCID: PMC10273679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic so far has been a series of waves; surges in new cases followed by declines. The appearance of novel mutations and variants underlie the rises in infections, making surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and prediction of variant evolution of utmost importance. In this study, we sequenced 320 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes isolated from patients from the outpatient COVID-19 clinic in the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 (CCHE 57357) and the Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM). The samples were collected between March and December 2021, covering the third and fourth waves of the pandemic. The third wave was found to be dominated by Nextclade 20D in our samples, with a small number of alpha variants. The delta variant was found to dominate the fourth wave samples, with the appearance of omicron variants late in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the omicron variants are closest genetically to early pandemic variants. Mutation analysis shows SNPs, stop codon mutation gain, and deletion/insertion mutations, with distinct patterns of mutations governed by Nextclade or WHO variant. Finally, we observed a large number of highly correlated mutations, and some negatively correlated mutations, and identified a general inclination toward mutations that lead to enhanced thermodynamic stability of the spike protein. Overall, this study contributes genetic and phylogenetic data, as well as provides insights into SARS-CoV-2 viral evolution that may eventually help in the prediction of evolving mutations for better vaccine development and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Jalal
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Samir
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam G. Elzayat
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend E. El-Shqanqery
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A. Diab
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa ElKaialy
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M. Mohammed
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Donia Hamdy
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam K. Matar
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Khaled Amer
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elnakib
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Hassan
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mansour
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sonia Soliman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Hassan
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Molecular Microbiology Unit, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. Al-Toukhy
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hammad
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abdo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Sayed
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Greistorfer T, Jud P. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 associated vasculopathic diseases. Thromb J 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 37231476 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has shown to be an infectious disease affecting not only of the respiratory system, but also cardiovascular system leading to different COVID-19-associated vasculopathies. Venous and arterial thromboembolic events have been frequently described among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and inflammatory vasculopathic changes have also been observed. Several of the reported COVID-19 associated vasculopathies exhibit differences on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcome compared to non-COVID-19 types. This review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics as well as outcome data of COVID-19 associated thromboembolic events and inflammatory vasculopathies, elaborating similarities and differences with non-COVID-19 cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiemo Greistorfer
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Philipp Jud
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz, 8036, Austria.
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13
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Hwang IC, Valeriano VD, Song JH, Pereira M, Oh JK, Han K, Engstrand L, Kang DK. Mucosal immunization with lactiplantibacillus plantarum-displaying recombinant SARS-CoV-2 epitopes on the surface induces humoral and mucosal immune responses in mice. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:96. [PMID: 37161468 PMCID: PMC10169176 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria as a mucosal vaccine vector is considered a promising alternative compared to the use of other microorganisms because of its "Generally Regarded as Safe" status, its potential adjuvant properties, and its tolerogenicity to the host. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is highly transmissible and pathogenic. This study aimed to determine the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum expressing SARS-CoV-2 epitopes as a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS In this study, the possible antigenic determinants of the spike (S1-1, S1-2, S1-3, and S1-4), membrane (ME1 and ME2), and envelope (E) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were predicted, and recombinant L. plantarum strains surface-displaying these epitopes were constructed. Subsequently, the immune responses induced by these recombinant strains were compared in vitro and in vivo. Most surface-displayed epitopes induced pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-6] and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7, with the highest anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory cytokine ratio in the S1-1 and S1-2 groups, followed by that in the S1-3 group. When orally administered of recombinant L. plantarum expressing SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in mice, all epitopes most increased the expression of IL-4, along with induced levels of TNF-α, interferon-gamma, and IL-10, specifically in spike protein groups. Thus, the surface expression of epitopes from the spike S1 protein in L. plantarum showed potential immunoregulatory effects, suggesting its ability to potentially circumvent hyperinflammatory states relevant to monocyte/macrophage cell activation. At 35 days post immunization (dpi), serum IgG levels showed a marked increase in the S1-1, S1-2, and S1-3 groups. Fecal IgA levels increased significantly from 21 dpi in all the antigen groups, but the boosting effect after 35 dpi was explicitly observed in the S1-1, S1-2, and S1-3 groups. Thus, the oral administration of SARS-CoV-2 antigens into mice induced significant humoral and mucosal immune responses. CONCLUSION This study suggests that L. plantarum is a potential vector that can effectively deliver SARS-CoV-2 epitopes to intestinal mucosal sites and could serve as a novel approach for SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chan Hwang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Valerie Diane Valeriano
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcela Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Ju Kyoung Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Meletis G, Tychala A, Ntritsos G, Verrou E, Savvidou F, Dermitzakis I, Chatzidimitriou A, Gkeka I, Fyntanidou B, Gkarmiri S, Tzallas AT, Protonotariou E, Makedou K, Tsalikakis DG, Skoura L. Variant-Related Differences in Laboratory Biomarkers among Patients Affected with Alpha, Delta and Omicron: A Retrospective Whole Viral Genome Sequencing and Hospital-Setting Cohort Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041143. [PMID: 37189760 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with specific characteristics have emerged and spread worldwide. At the same time, clinicians routinely evaluate the results of certain blood tests upon patient admission as well as during hospitalization to assess disease severity and the overall patient status. In the present study, we searched for significant cell blood count and biomarker differences among patients affected with the Alpha, Delta and Omicron VOCs at admission. Data from 330 patients were retrieved regarding age, gender, VOC, cell blood count results (WBC, Neut%, Lymph%, Ig%, PLT), common biomarkers (D-dimers, urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, CRP, IL-6, suPAR), ICU admission and death. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, two-way ANOVA, Chi-square, T-test, the Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression was performed where appropriate using SPSS v.28 and STATA 14. Age and VOC were significantly associated with hospitalization, whereas significant differences among VOC groups were found for WBC, PLT, Neut%, IL-6, creatinine, CRP, D-dimers and suPAR. Our analyses showed that throughout the current pandemic, not only the SARS-CoV-2 VOCs but also the laboratory parameters that are used to evaluate the patient's status at admission are subject to changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Meletis
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Tychala
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Ntritsos
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Verrou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Filio Savvidou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iasonas Dermitzakis
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Institute of Applied Bioscience, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd., Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gkeka
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Barbara Fyntanidou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Gkarmiri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros T Tzallas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Efthymia Protonotariou
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Tsalikakis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50131 Kozani, Greece
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Li X, Liu J, Li W, Peng Q, Li M, Ying Z, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wu X, Zhao D, Yang L, Cao S, Huang Y, Shi L, Xu H, Wang Y, Yue G, Suo Y, Nie J, Huang W, Li J, Li Y. Heterologous prime-boost immunisation with mRNA- and AdC68-based 2019-nCoV variant vaccines induces broad-spectrum immune responses in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142394. [PMID: 37006275 PMCID: PMC10050358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) variants has been associated with the transmission and pathogenicity of COVID-19. Therefore, exploring the optimal immunisation strategy to improve the broad-spectrum cross-protection ability of COVID-19 vaccines is of great significance. Herein, we assessed different heterologous prime-boost strategies with chimpanzee adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines plus Wuhan-Hu-1 (WH-1) strain (AdW) and Beta variant (AdB) and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines plus WH-1 strain (ARW) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant (ARO) in 6-week-old female BALB/c mice. AdW and AdB were administered intramuscularly or intranasally, while ARW and ARO were administered intramuscularly. Intranasal or intramuscular vaccination with AdB followed by ARO booster exhibited the highest levels of cross-reactive IgG, pseudovirus-neutralising antibody (PNAb) responses, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)-binding inhibition rates against different 2019-nCoV variants among all vaccination groups. Moreover, intranasal AdB vaccination followed by ARO induced higher levels of IgA and neutralising antibody responses against live 2019-nCoV than intramuscular AdB vaccination followed by ARO. A single dose of AdB administered intranasally or intramuscularly induced broader cross-NAb responses than AdW. Th1-biased cellular immune response was induced in all vaccination groups. Intramuscular vaccination-only groups exhibited higher levels of Th1 cytokines than intranasal vaccination-only and intranasal vaccination-containing groups. However, no obvious differences were found in the levels of Th2 cytokines between the control and all vaccination groups. Our findings provide a basis for exploring vaccination strategies against different 2019-nCoV variants to achieve high broad-spectrum immune efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qinhua Peng
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Ying
- Department of Respiratory Virus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zelun Zhang
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Zhao
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shouchun Cao
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Huang
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Leitai Shi
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongshan Xu
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Yue
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Suo
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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16
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Candeloro M, Schulman S. Arterial Thrombotic Events in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Short Review and Meta-Analysis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023; 49:47-54. [PMID: 35793687 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the risk of venous thromboembolism is high in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The frequency of arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is unclear, as is the magnitude of these events in comparison with other infections. We searched MEDLINE from February 2020 to February 2022 for prospective or retrospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials that reported the number of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), acute limb ischemia (ALI), or other ATE as defined by the original authors in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The pooled frequencies were calculated through meta-analysis using random effects model with logit transformation and presented with relative 95% prediction intervals (95% PI). We retrieved a total of 4,547 studies, 36 of which (28 retrospective cohorts, five prospective cohorts and three randomized trials) were finally included in our analysis. The resulting cohort counted 100,949 patients, 2,641 (2.6%) of whom experienced ATE. The pooled ATE frequency was 2.0% (95% PI, 0.4-9.6%). The pooled ATE frequency for AMI, AIS, ALI, and other ATE was 0.8% (95% PI, 0.1-8.1%), 0.9% (95% PI, 0.3-2.9%), 0.2% (95% PI, 0.0-4.2%), and 0.5% (95% PI, 0.1-3.0%), respectively. In comparison with the ATE incidence reported in three studies on non-COVID viral pneumonia, we did not detect a significant difference from the results in our analysis. In conclusion, we found a non-negligible proportion of ATE in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Our results are similar to those found in hospitalized patients with influenza or with non-COVID viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Candeloro
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Schulman
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Aita A, Navaglia F, Moz S, Contran N, Barbaro F, Cattelan AM, Padoan A, Cosma C, Faggian D, Plebani M, Basso D. New insights into SARS-CoV-2 Lumipulse G salivary antigen testing: accuracy, safety and short TAT enhance surveillance. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:323-331. [PMID: 36282616 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rapid, accurate and safe detection of SARS-CoV-2 is the key to improving surveillance and infection containment. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether, after heat/chemical inactivation, SARS-CoV-2 N antigen chemiluminescence (CLEIA) assay in saliva remains a valid alternative to molecular testing. METHODS In 2022, 139 COVID-19 inpatients and 467 healthcare workers were enrolled. In 606 self-collected saliva samples (Salivette), SARS-CoV-2 was detected by molecular (TaqPath rRT-PCR) and chemiluminescent Ag assays (Lumipulse G). The effect of sample pre-treatment (extraction solution-ES or heating) on antigen recovery was verified. RESULTS Salivary SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay was highly accurate (AUC=0.959, 95% CI: 0.943-0.974), with 90% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Of the 254 antigen positive samples, 29 were false positives. We demonstrated that heterophilic antibodies could be a cause of false positive results. A significant antigen concentration decrease was observed after ES treatment (p=0.0026), with misclassification of 43 samples. Heat had a minimal impact, after treatment the correct classification of cases was maintained. CONCLUSIONS CLEIA SARS-CoV-2 salivary antigen provides accurate, timely and high-throughput results that remain accurate also after heat inactivation, thus ensuring a safer work environment. This supports the use of salivary antigen detection by CLEIA in surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Aita
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Navaglia
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Moz
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicole Contran
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbaro
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cattelan
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Faggian
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Ligi D, Lo Sasso B, Henry BM, Ciaccio M, Lippi G, Plebani M, Mannello F. Deciphering the role of monocyte and monocyte distribution width (MDW) in COVID-19: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:960-973. [PMID: 36626568 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by both systemic and organ hyper-thromboinflammation, with a clinical course ranging from mild up-to critical systemic dysfunction and death. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) the monocyte/macrophage population is deeply involved as both trigger and target, assuming the value of useful diagnostic/prognostic marker of innate cellular immunity. Several studies correlated morphological and immunophenotypic alterations of circulating monocytes with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, concluding that monocyte distribution width (MDW) may retain clinical value in stratifying the risk of disease worsening. Through an electronic search in Medline and Scopus we performed an updated literature review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between increased MDW levels and illness severity in COVID-19 patients, deciphering role(s) and function(s) of monocytes in the harmful network underlining SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that significantly elevated MDW values were frequently present in COVID-19 patients who developed unfavorable clinical outcomes, compounded by a significant association between monocyte anisocytosis and SARS-CoV-2 outcomes. These findings suggest that blood MDW index and its scatter plot could represent useful routine laboratory tools for early identification of patients at higher risk of unfavorable COVID-19 and for monitoring the progression of viral infection, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic efficacy throughout hospitalization. According to this evidence, therapeutic decisions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection could benefit from monitoring MDW value, with administration of drugs limiting thrombo-inflammation due to monocyte hyper-activation in patients with severe/critical COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ligi
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences-DISB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, BiND, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, BiND, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences-DISB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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19
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Sharma D, Notarte KI, Fernandez RA, Lippi G, Gromiha MM, Henry BM. In silico evaluation of the impact of Omicron variant of concern sublineage BA.4 and BA.5 on the sensitivity of RT-qPCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection using whole genome sequencing. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28241. [PMID: 36263448 PMCID: PMC9874926 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern (VoC) Omicron (B.1.1.529) has rapidly spread around the world, presenting a new threat to global public human health. Due to the large number of mutations accumulated by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, concerns have emerged over potentially reduced diagnostic accuracy of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the gold standard diagnostic test for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of the currently endemic Omicron sublineages BA.4 and BA.5 on the integrity and sensitivity of RT-qPCR assays used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis via in silico analysis. We employed whole genome sequencing data and evaluated the potential for false negatives or test failure due to mismatches between primers/probes and the Omicron VoC viral genome. METHODS In silico sensitivity of 12 RT-qPCR tests (containing 30 primers and probe sets) developed for detection of SARS-CoV-2 reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) or available in the literature, was assessed for specifically detecting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages, obtained after removing redundancy from publicly available genomes from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) databases. Mismatches between amplicon regions of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC and primers and probe sets were evaluated, and clustering analysis of corresponding amplicon sequences was carried out. RESULTS From the 1164 representative SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC BA.4 sublineage genomes analyzed, a substitution in the first five nucleotides (C to T) of the amplicon's 3'-end was observed in all samples resulting in 0% sensitivity for assays HKUnivRdRp/Hel (mismatch in reverse primer) and CoremCharite N (mismatch in both forward and reverse primers). Due to a mismatch in the forward primer's 5'-end (3-nucleotide substitution, GGG to AAC), the sensitivity of the ChinaCDC N assay was at 0.69%. The 10 nucleotide mismatches in the reverse primer resulted in 0.09% sensitivity for Omicron sublineage BA.4 for Thai N assay. Of the 1926 BA.5 sublineage genomes, HKUnivRdRp/Hel assay also had 0% sensitivity. A sensitivity of 3.06% was observed for the ChinaCDC N assay because of a mismatch in the forward primer's 5'-end (3-nucleotide substitution, GGG to AAC). Similarly, due to the 10 nucleotide mismatches in the reverse primer, the Thai N assay's sensitivity was low at 0.21% for sublineage BA.5. Further, eight assays for BA.4 sublineage retained high sensitivity (more than 97%) and 9 assays for BA.5 sublineage retained more than 99% sensitivity. CONCLUSION We observed four assays (HKUnivRdRp/Hel, ChinaCDC N, Thai N, CoremCharite N) that could potentially result in false negative results for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoCs BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages. Interestingly, CoremCharite N had 0% sensitivity for Omicron Voc BA.4 but 99.53% sensitivity for BA.5. In addition, 66.67% of the assays for BA.4 sublineage and 75% of the assays for BA.5 sublineage retained high sensitivity. Further, amplicon clustering and additional substitution analysis along with sensitivity analysis could be used for the modification and development of RT-qPCR assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC sublineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rey Arturo Fernandez
- Ateneo de Manila University Professional SchoolsRockwell CenterMakatiPhilippines
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical BiochemistryUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Brandon M. Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and HypertensionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
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20
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Wang L, Li Z. Smart Nanostructured Materials for SARS-CoV-2 and Variants Prevention, Biosensing and Vaccination. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1129. [PMID: 36551096 PMCID: PMC9775677 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised great concerns about human health globally. At the current stage, prevention and vaccination are still the most efficient ways to slow down the pandemic and to treat SARS-CoV-2 in various aspects. In this review, we summarize current progress and research activities in developing smart nanostructured materials for COVID-19 prevention, sensing, and vaccination. A few established concepts to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and the variants of concerns (VOCs) are firstly reviewed, which emphasizes the importance of smart nanostructures in cutting the virus spreading chains. In the second part, we focus our discussion on the development of stimuli-responsive nanostructures for high-performance biosensing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs. The use of nanostructures in developing effective and reliable vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs will be introduced in the following section. In the conclusion, we summarize the current research focus on smart nanostructured materials for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Some existing challenges are also provided, which need continuous efforts in creating smart nanostructured materials for coronavirus biosensing, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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21
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Bradic M, Taleb S, Thomas B, Chidiac O, Robay A, Hassan N, Malek J, Ait Hssain A, Abi Khalil C. DNA methylation predicts the outcome of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Transl Med 2022; 20:526. [PMID: 36371196 PMCID: PMC9652914 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 infections could be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), increasing mortality risk. We sought to assess the methylome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 with ARDS. METHODS We recruited 100 COVID-19 patients with ARDS under mechanical ventilation and 33 non-COVID-19 controls between April and July 2020. COVID-19 patients were followed at four time points for 60 days. DNA methylation and immune cell populations were measured at each time point. A multivariate cox proportional risk regression analysis was conducted to identify predictive signatures according to survival. RESULTS The comparison of COVID-19 to controls at inclusion revealed the presence of a 14.4% difference in promoter-associated CpGs in genes that control immune-related pathways such as interferon-gamma and interferon-alpha responses. On day 60, 24% of patients died. The inter-comparison of baseline DNA methylation to the last recorded time point in both COVID-19 groups or the intra-comparison between inclusion and the end of follow-up in every group showed that most changes occurred as the disease progressed, mainly in the AIM gene, which is associated with an intensified immune response in those who recovered. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that higher methylation of the "Apoptotic execution Pathway" genes (ROC1, ZNF789, and H1F0) at inclusion increases mortality risk by over twofold. CONCLUSION We observed an epigenetic signature of immune-related genes in COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Further, Hypermethylation of the apoptotic execution pathway genes predicts the outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION IMRPOVIE study, NCT04473131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bradic
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Sarah Taleb
- grid.452146.00000 0004 1789 3191Division of Genomics and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences- HBKU, Doha, Qatar
| | - Binitha Thomas
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Chidiac
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amal Robay
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nessiya Hassan
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XNursery and midwifery research department, Hamad Medical Corporation., Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel Malek
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Genomics Core. Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar., Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Ait Hssain
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XMedical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation., Doha, Qatar
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA. .,Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar. .,Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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22
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Nocini R, Henry BM, Mattiuzzi C, Lippi G. Evolution of throat symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Diagnosis (Berl) 2022; 9:485-490. [PMID: 35976290 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2022-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) structure and host tropism have changed over time, and so has the involvement of throat structures. This infodemiological analysis is hence aimed at investigating the evolution of throat symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. METHODS We searched Google Trends using the medical search terms "ageusia", "hoarseness", "dysphonia", "pharyngitis" and "laryngitis", setting geographical location to "United States", within the past 5 years. The weekly Google Trends score for these symptoms, which reflects their national Web popularity, was divided in three parts, as "pre-COVID" (July 2017 to February 2020), COVID-19 "pre-Omicron" (March 2020 to November 2021), and COVID-19 "Omicron" (December 2021 to July 2022), and then compared. RESULTS The volume of searches for ageusia increased in the pre-Omicron period and remained significantly higher also during Omicron prevalence, though a significant decrease (∼30%) occurred with Omicron lineages compared to previous strains. The Google searches for hoarseness and dysphonia were relatively similar between the pre-COVID and pre-Omicron periods, but then significantly increased during Omicron predominance. The Google searches for pharyngitis and laryngitis decreased in the pre-Omicron period, but then considerably increased following Omicron emergence. Omicron endemic spread could be significantly and independently predicted by the volume of searches for pharyngitis, laryngitis and hoarseness. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiological burden of throat symptoms has considerably changed after Omicron emergence, with a lower likelihood of developing chemosensory dysfunctions and enhanced risk of throat involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology-Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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23
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Longitudinal Analyses after COVID-19 Recovery or Prolonged Infection Reveal Unique Immunological Signatures after Repeated Vaccinations. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111815. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop preventive and therapeutic measures against coronavirus disease 2019, the complete characterization of immune response and sustained immune activation following viral infection and vaccination are critical. However, the mechanisms controlling intrapersonal variation in antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 antigens remain unclear. To gain further insights, we performed a robust molecular and cellular investigation of immune responses in infected, recovered, and vaccinated individuals. We evaluated the serum levels of 29 cytokines and their correlation with neutralizing antibody titer. We investigated memory B-cell response in patients infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain or other variants, and in vaccinated individuals. Longitudinal correlation analyses revealed that post-vaccination neutralizing potential was more strongly associated with various serum cytokine levels in recovered patients than in naïve individuals. We found that IL-10, CCL2, CXCL10, and IL-12p40 are candidate biomarkers of serum-neutralizing antibody titer after the vaccination of recovered individuals. We found a similar distribution of virus-specific antibody gene families in triple-vaccinated individuals and a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia for 1 year. Thus, distinct immune responses occur depending on the viral strain and clinical history, suggesting that therapeutic options should be selected on a case-by-case basis. Candidate biomarkers that correlate with repeated vaccination may support the efficacy and safety evaluation systems of mRNA vaccines and lead to the development of novel vaccine strategies.
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24
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Salvagno GL, Henry BM, de NS, Pighi L, Lippi G. Association between viral load and positivization time of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test in routine nasopharyngeal specimens. J Med Biochem 2022; 41:513-517. [PMID: 36381068 PMCID: PMC9618342 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-35482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests are potentially useful tools for screening carriers with high viral load. This study was aimed to assess the potential association between viral load and positivization time of a manual SARS-CoV-2 commercial antigen test in routine nasopharyngeal specimens. METHODS In a sample of subjects undergoing routine diagnostic testing, SARS-CoV-2 positivity of nasopharyngeal samples was assayed with both molecular (Altona Diagnostics RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit) and antigenic (Roche SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test) tests. Positivization time of rapid antigen test was correlated and compared with viral load expressed as mean of SARS-CoV2 E/S genes cycle threshold (Ct) values. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 106 patients (median age 48 years, 55 women) with positive results of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing. A highly significant Spearman's correlation was found between mean SARSCoV-2 E/S genes Ct values and positivization time of manual antigen test (r= 0.70; p<0.001). The positivization time of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test displayed an area under the curve of 0.82 (95%CI, 0.74-0.89) for predicting nasopharyngeal samples with high viral load (i.e., mean Ct <20). A positivization time cut-off of 32 SEC had 94.9% sensitivity and 58.2% specificity for detecting specimens with high viral load. The overall agreement between mean Ct value <20 and positivization time <32 SEC was 70.8%. CONCLUSIONS Positivization time of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests may provide easy and rapid information on viral load, thus making this type of manual assay potentially suitable for quick and reliable detection and isolation of supercarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon M. Henry
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Clinical Laboratory, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Nitto Simone de
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Pighi
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
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25
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Golec M, Konka A, Fronczek M, Zembala-John J, Chrapiec M, Wystyrk K, Kasperczyk S, Brzoza Z, Bułdak RJ. The Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Booster in Healthcare Workers: Association between the IgG Antibody Titers and Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1638. [PMID: 36298503 PMCID: PMC9611156 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that in most people, two-dose vaccination helps to shape the humoral response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Further studies are required to learn about the vaccine's effectiveness after boosting. METHODS We conducted a prospective study among 103 healthcare workers (HCWs) from a regional multi-specialty hospital vaccinated with three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We compared their immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers 14 days after the second dose with those 21 days after the booster. We also compared their anthropometric and body composition parameters with IgG concentrations at the same time points. RESULTS Twenty-one days after the booster, all study participants were seropositive. Their mean IgG antibody titers were significantly lower than 14 days after the second dose (158.94 AU/mL ± 90.34 AU/mL vs. 505.79 AU/mL ± 367.16 AU/mL). Post-booster Spearman's correlation analysis showed a significantly weak correlation between the IgG antibody titer and parameters related to muscle tissue and adipose tissue (including body fat mass). CONCLUSIONS The BNT162b2 booster stimulates the humoral response to a lesser extent than the two-dose BNT162b2 primary vaccination. The adipose and muscle tissue parameters show a weak positive correlation with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Golec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, H. Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembala-John
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, H. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Chrapiec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Wystyrk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, H. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W. Witosa 26, 40-451 Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Alinejad T, Zareh D, Hao Z, Zhou T, Chen CS. SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Mechanism, Features, and Future Perspective. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Over two years, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved by producing several variants by RNA polymerase mutation. This mutation created many virus variants that five of them are designated by WHO. These are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, among them Alpha, Delta, and Omicron spread faster. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped in positive-sense RNA viruses and contain huge RNA virus genomes. RNA polymerase controls the replication in which the genomic material is copied, and it often makes errors that lead to create a new mutation. Most mutations create a virus that cannot replicate and spread among people. However, some mutations lead to a virus that can replicate and create a variant. This chapter will discuss the mechanism of the mutations during the last two years and the future of these mutations in SARS-CoV-2.
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Mattiuzzi C, Henry BM, Lippi G. Regional Association between Mean Air Temperature and Case Numbers of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Lineages throughout the Pandemic. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091913. [PMID: 36146720 PMCID: PMC9501826 DOI: 10.3390/v14091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between mean air temperature and new SARS-CoV-2 case numbers throughout the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was investigated to identify whether diverse SARS-CoV-2 lineages may exhibit diverse environmental behaviors. The number of new COVID-19 daily cases in the province of Verona was obtained from the Veneto Regional Healthcare Service, whilst the mean daily air temperature during the same period was retrieved from the Regional Agency for Ambient Prevention and Protection of Veneto. A significant inverse correlation was found between new COVID-19 daily cases and mean air temperature in Verona up to Omicron BA.1/BA.2 predominance (correlation coefficients between −0.79 and −0.41). The correlation then became positive when the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 lineages were prevalent (r = 0.32). When the median value (and interquartile range; IQR) of new COVID-19 daily cases recorded during the warmer period of the year in Verona (June–July) was compared across the three years of the pandemic, a gradual increase could be seen over time, from 1 (IQR, 0–2) in 2020, to 22 (IQR, 11–113) in 2021, up to 890 (IQR, 343–1345) in 2022. These results suggest that measures for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection should not be completely abandoned during the warmer periods of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services (APSS), 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Brandon M. Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8124308
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28
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COVID-19 and Adult Acute Leukemia: Our Knowledge in Progress. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153711. [PMID: 35954374 PMCID: PMC9367547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We herein report a review of the current literature on adult patients with acute leukemia (AL) infected with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-associated mortality ranges from 20–52% in adult patients with AL, and patients with acute myeloid leukemia have a particularly high COVID-19-related mortality. Of note, most of the available data relate to the pre-vaccination era and to variants before Omicron. Based on expert opinions, the current recommendations suggest delaying systemic AL treatment in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients until SARS-CoV-2 negativity, if immediate AL treatment is not required. It is recommended to offer vaccination to all AL patients, and seronegative patients should additionally receive prophylactic administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. Patients with AL infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be treated early with antiviral therapy to prevent disease progression and to enable the rapid elimination of the virus. Abstract The majority of publications regarding SARS-CoV-2 infections in adult patients with acute leukemia (AL) refer to hematological patients in general and are not focused on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We herein report a review of the current literature on adult AL patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Overall, SARS-CoV-2-associated mortality ranges from 20–52% in patients with adult AL. AML patients have a particularly high COVID-19-related mortality. Of note, most of the available data relate to the pre-vaccination era and to variants before Omicron. The impact of COVID-19 infections on AL treatment is rarely reported. Based on the few studies available, treatment delay does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of relapse, whereas therapy discontinuation was associated with worse outcomes in AML patients. Therefore, the current recommendations suggest delaying systemic AL treatment in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients until SARS-CoV-2 negativity, if immediate AL treatment is not required. It is recommended to offer vaccination to all AL patients; the reported antibody responses are around 80–96%. Seronegative patients should additionally receive prophylactic administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. Patients with AL infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be treated early with antiviral therapy to prevent disease progression and enable the rapid elimination of the virus.
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Li T, Luo KQ. Recipients of COVID-19 vaccines face challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4642-4647. [PMID: 35874950 PMCID: PMC9305267 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been rampant since 2019, severely affecting global public health, and causing 5.75 million deaths worldwide. So far, many vaccines have been developed to prevent the infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the emergence of new variants may threat vaccine recipients as they might evade immunological surveillance that depends on the using of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody to neutralize the viral particles. Recent studies have found that recipients who received two doses of vaccination plus an additional booster shoot were able to quickly elevate neutralization response and immune response against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and some initially appeared viral variants. In this review, we assessed the real-world effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines by population studies and neutralization assays and compared neutralization responses of booster vaccines in vitro. Finally, as the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine is expected to decline over time, continued vaccination should be considered to achieve a long-term immune protection against coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Ministry of Education-Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
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30
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Porru S, Monaco MGL, Spiteri G, Carta A, Pezzani MD, Lippi G, Gibellini D, Tacconelli E, Dalla Vecchia I, Sala E, Sansone E, De Palma G, Bonfanti C, Lombardo M, Terlenghi L, Pira E, Mansour I, Coggiola M, Ciocan C, Godono A, Tardon A, Rodriguez-Suarez MM, Fernandez-Tardon G, Jimeno-Demuth FJ, Castro-Delgado RV, Iglesias Cabo T, Scapellato ML, Liviero F, Moretto A, Mason P, Pavanello S, Volpin A, Vimercati L, Tafuri S, De Maria L, Sponselli S, Stefanizzi P, Caputi A, Gobba F, Modenese A, Casolari L, Garavini D, D’Elia C, Mariani S, Filon FL, Cegolon L, Negro C, Ronchese F, Rui F, De Michieli P, Murgia N, Dell’Omo M, Muzi G, Fiordi T, Gambelunghe A, Folletti I, Mates D, Calota VC, Neamtu A, Perseca O, Staicu CA, Voinoiu A, Fabiánová E, Bérešová J, Adamčáková ZK, Nedela R, Lesňáková A, Holčíková J, Boffetta P, Abedini M, Ditano G, Asafo SS, Visci G, Violante FS, Zunarelli C, Verlato G. SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections: Incidence and Risk Factors in a Large European Multicentric Cohort of Health Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081193. [PMID: 36016081 PMCID: PMC9415790 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The research aimed to investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and their determinants in a large European cohort of more than 60,000 health workers. Methods: A multicentric retrospective cohort study, involving 12 European centers, was carried out within the ORCHESTRA project, collecting data up to 18 November 2021 on fully vaccinated health workers. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections was investigated with its association with occupational and social–demographic characteristics (age, sex, job title, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody titer levels, and time from the vaccination course completion). Results: Among 64,172 health workers from 12 European health centers, 797 breakthrough infections were observed (cumulative incidence of 1.2%). The primary analysis using individual data on 8 out of 12 centers showed that age and previous infection significantly modified breakthrough infection rates. In the meta-analysis of aggregated data from all centers, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and the standardized antibody titer were inversely related to the risk of breakthrough infection (p = 0.008 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The inverse correlation of antibody titer with the risk of breakthrough infection supports the evidence that vaccination plays a primary role in infection prevention, especially in health workers. Cellular immunity, previous clinical conditions, and vaccination timing should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.G.L.M.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0458124294
| | | | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.G.L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Angela Carta
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.G.L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Diletta Pezzani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Dalla Vecchia
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Emma Sala
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Emanuele Sansone
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (G.D.P.)
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Carlo Bonfanti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Massimo Lombardo
- Chief Executive Office, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Luigina Terlenghi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Enrico Pira
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.P.); (I.M.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ihab Mansour
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.P.); (I.M.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Maurizio Coggiola
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Catalina Ciocan
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.P.); (I.M.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Godono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.P.); (I.M.); (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), CIBERESP and Public Health Department of the University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.T.); (M.-M.R.-S.); (G.F.-T.); (F.-J.J.-D.); (R.-V.C.-D.); (T.I.C.)
| | - Marta-Maria Rodriguez-Suarez
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), CIBERESP and Public Health Department of the University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.T.); (M.-M.R.-S.); (G.F.-T.); (F.-J.J.-D.); (R.-V.C.-D.); (T.I.C.)
| | - Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), CIBERESP and Public Health Department of the University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.T.); (M.-M.R.-S.); (G.F.-T.); (F.-J.J.-D.); (R.-V.C.-D.); (T.I.C.)
| | - Francisco-Jose Jimeno-Demuth
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), CIBERESP and Public Health Department of the University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.T.); (M.-M.R.-S.); (G.F.-T.); (F.-J.J.-D.); (R.-V.C.-D.); (T.I.C.)
| | - Rafael-Vicente Castro-Delgado
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), CIBERESP and Public Health Department of the University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.T.); (M.-M.R.-S.); (G.F.-T.); (F.-J.J.-D.); (R.-V.C.-D.); (T.I.C.)
| | - Tania Iglesias Cabo
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), CIBERESP and Public Health Department of the University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.T.); (M.-M.R.-S.); (G.F.-T.); (F.-J.J.-D.); (R.-V.C.-D.); (T.I.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.L.S.); (F.L.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (S.P.)
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Filippo Liviero
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.L.S.); (F.L.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (S.P.)
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Angelo Moretto
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.L.S.); (F.L.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (S.P.)
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Paola Mason
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.L.S.); (F.L.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (S.P.)
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.L.S.); (F.L.); (A.M.); (P.M.); (S.P.)
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Anna Volpin
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (S.T.); (L.D.M.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (S.T.); (L.D.M.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Luigi De Maria
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (S.T.); (L.D.M.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefania Sponselli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (S.T.); (L.D.M.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (S.T.); (L.D.M.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Caputi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (S.T.); (L.D.M.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Alberto Modenese
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Loretta Casolari
- Health Surveillance Service, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.C.); (D.G.); (C.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Denise Garavini
- Health Surveillance Service, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.C.); (D.G.); (C.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Cristiana D’Elia
- Health Surveillance Service, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.C.); (D.G.); (C.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Health Surveillance Service, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.C.); (D.G.); (C.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Francesca Larese Filon
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.F.); or (L.C.); (C.N.); (F.R.); (F.R.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Luca Cegolon
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.F.); or (L.C.); (C.N.); (F.R.); (F.R.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Corrado Negro
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.F.); or (L.C.); (C.N.); (F.R.); (F.R.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Federico Ronchese
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.F.); or (L.C.); (C.N.); (F.R.); (F.R.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Francesca Rui
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.F.); or (L.C.); (C.N.); (F.R.); (F.R.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Paola De Michieli
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.F.); or (L.C.); (C.N.); (F.R.); (F.R.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Nicola Murgia
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.D.); (G.M.); (T.F.); (A.G.); (I.F.)
| | - Marco Dell’Omo
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.D.); (G.M.); (T.F.); (A.G.); (I.F.)
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.D.); (G.M.); (T.F.); (A.G.); (I.F.)
| | - Tiziana Fiordi
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.D.); (G.M.); (T.F.); (A.G.); (I.F.)
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.D.); (G.M.); (T.F.); (A.G.); (I.F.)
| | - Ilenia Folletti
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.D.); (G.M.); (T.F.); (A.G.); (I.F.)
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (V.C.C.); (A.N.); (O.P.); (C.A.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Violeta Claudia Calota
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (V.C.C.); (A.N.); (O.P.); (C.A.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Andra Neamtu
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (V.C.C.); (A.N.); (O.P.); (C.A.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Ovidiu Perseca
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (V.C.C.); (A.N.); (O.P.); (C.A.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Catalin Alexandru Staicu
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (V.C.C.); (A.N.); (O.P.); (C.A.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Angelica Voinoiu
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (V.C.C.); (A.N.); (O.P.); (C.A.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Eleonóra Fabiánová
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Bérešová
- Epidemiology Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Zora Kľocová Adamčáková
- Health Promotion Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Roman Nedela
- Health Informatics Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Anna Lesňáková
- Infectology Clinic, Central Military Hospital, 03426 Ružomberok, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Holčíková
- Occupational Medicine Clinic, University Hospital, 83105 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.B.); (M.A.); (G.D.); (S.S.A.); (G.V.); (F.S.V.); (C.Z.)
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mahsa Abedini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.B.); (M.A.); (G.D.); (S.S.A.); (G.V.); (F.S.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Giorgia Ditano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.B.); (M.A.); (G.D.); (S.S.A.); (G.V.); (F.S.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Shuffield Seyram Asafo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.B.); (M.A.); (G.D.); (S.S.A.); (G.V.); (F.S.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Visci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.B.); (M.A.); (G.D.); (S.S.A.); (G.V.); (F.S.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Francesco Saverio Violante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.B.); (M.A.); (G.D.); (S.S.A.); (G.V.); (F.S.V.); (C.Z.)
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zunarelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.B.); (M.A.); (G.D.); (S.S.A.); (G.V.); (F.S.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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31
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Salah HM, Fudim M, O'Neil ST, Manna A, Chute CG, Caughey MC. Post-recovery COVID-19 and incident heart failure in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) study. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4117. [PMID: 35840623 PMCID: PMC9284961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac involvement has been noted in COVID-19 infection. However, the relationship between post-recovery COVID-19 and development of de novo heart failure has not been investigated in a large, nationally representative population. We examined post-recovery outcomes of 587,330 patients hospitalized in the United States (257,075 with COVID-19 and 330,255 without), using data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative study. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were older (51 vs. 46 years), more often male (49% vs. 42%), and less often White (61% vs. 69%). Over a median follow up of 367 days, 10,979 incident heart failure events occurred. After adjustments, COVID-19 hospitalization was associated with a 45% higher hazard of incident heart failure (hazard ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.39-1.51), with more pronounced associations among patients who were younger (P-interaction = 0.003), White (P-interaction = 0.005), or who had established cardiovascular disease (P-interaction = 0.005). In conclusion, COVID-19 hospitalization is associated with increased risk of incident heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam M Salah
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marat Fudim
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Shawn T O'Neil
- Center for Health AI, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Chute
- Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa C Caughey
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Tahsin A, Ahmed R, Bhattacharjee P, Adiba M, Al Saba A, Yasmin T, Chakraborty S, Hasan AM, Nabi AN. Most frequently harboured missense variants of hACE2 across different populations exhibit varying patterns of binding interaction with spike glycoproteins of emerging SARS-CoV-2 of different lineages. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105903. [PMID: 35932731 PMCID: PMC9296255 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 at Wuhan in the Hubei province of China in 2019, the virus has accumulated various mutations, giving rise to many variants. According to the combinations of mutations acquired, these variants are classified into lineages and greatly differ in infectivity and transmissibility. In 2021 alone, a variant of interest (VoI) Mu (B.1.621), as well as, variants of concern (VoC) Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (BA.1, BA.2) and later in 2022, BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 have emerged. Since then, the world has seen prominent surges in the rate of infection during short periods of time. However, not all populations have suffered equally, which suggests a possible role of host genetic factors. Here, we investigated the strength of binding of the spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 variants: Mu, Delta, Delta Plus (AY.1), Omicron sub-variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) missense variants prevalent in major populations. In this purpose, molecular docking analysis, as well as, molecular dynamics simulation was performed of the above-mentioned SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants with the hACE2 containing the single amino acid substitutions prevalent in African (E37K), Latin American (F40L), non-Finnish European (D355 N), and South Asian (P84T) populations, in order to predict the effects of the lineage-defining mutations of the viral variants on receptor binding. The effects of these mutations on protein stability were also explored. The protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses have revealed variable strength of attachment and exhibited altered interactions in the case of different hACE2-RBD complexes. In vitro studies are warranted to confirm these findings which may enable early prediction regarding the risk of transmissibility of newly emerging variants across different populations in the future.
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33
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Sun W, He L, Lou H, Fan W, Yang L, Cheng G, Liu W, Sun L. The Cross-Protective Immunity Landscape Among Different SARS-CoV-2 Variant RBDs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898520. [PMID: 35757743 PMCID: PMC9226324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been available in most parts of the world, the epidemic status remains grim with new variants emerging and escaping the immune protection of existing vaccines. Therefore, the development of more effective antigens and evaluation of their cross-protective immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants are particularly urgent. In this study, we expressed the wild type (WT), Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Lambda RBD proteins to immunize mice and evaluated their cross-neutralizing activity against different pseudoviruses (WT, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Lambda, and Omicron). All monovalent and pentavalent RBD antigens induced high titers of IgG antibodies against different variant RBD antigens. In contrast, WT RBD antigen-induced antibodies showed a lower neutralizing activity against Beta, Delta, Lambda, and Omicron pseudoviruses compared to neutralization against itself. Interestingly, Beta RBD antigen and multivalent antigen induced broader cross-neutralization antibodies than other variant RBD antigens. These data provide a reference for vaccine strain selection and universal COVID-19 vaccine design to fight the constant emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lihong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huicong Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Colet P, Baizhaxynova A, Mukhtarova K, Alvarez-Mon M, Kanatova K, Asúnsolo A, Sarría-Santamera A. Recapping the Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Main Variants: Status and Future Paths. J Pers Med 2022; 12:995. [PMID: 35743779 PMCID: PMC9225183 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the two years that we have been experiencing the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, our challenges have been the race to develop vaccines and the difficulties in fighting against new variants due to the rapid ability of the virus to evolve. In this sense, different organizations have identified and classified the different variants that have been emerging, distinguishing between variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest (VOI), or variants under monitoring (VUM). The following review aims to describe the latest updates focusing on VOC and already de-escalated variants, as well as to describe the impact these have had on the global situation. Understanding the intrinsic properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the immune system and vaccination is essential to make out the underlying mechanisms that have led to the appearance of these variants, helping to determine the next steps for better public management of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Colet
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Ardak Baizhaxynova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kymbat Mukhtarova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Kaznagul Kanatova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Antonio Sarría-Santamera
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (P.C.); (A.B.); (K.M.); (K.K.)
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Troyano-Hernáez P, Reinosa R, Holguín Á. Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain during the First Two Years of the Pandemic: Circulating Variants, Amino Acid Conservation, and Genetic Variability in Structural, Non-Structural, and Accessory Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126394. [PMID: 35742840 PMCID: PMC9223475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2’s genetic diversity and emerging mutations in this ongoing pandemic is crucial to understanding its evolution and ensuring the performance of COVID-19 diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapies. Spain has been one of the main epicenters of COVID-19, reaching the highest number of cases and deaths per 100,000 population in Europe at the beginning of the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain and its 18 Autonomous Communities across the six epidemic waves established from February 2020 to January 2022. We report on the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in each epidemic wave and Spanish region and analyze the mutation frequency, amino acid (aa) conservation, and most frequent aa changes across each structural/non-structural/accessory viral protein among the Spanish sequences deposited in the GISAID database during the study period. The overall SARS-CoV-2 mutation frequency was 1.24 × 10−5. The aa conservation was >99% in the three types of protein, being non-structural the most conserved. Accessory proteins had more variable positions, while structural proteins presented more aa changes per sequence. Six main lineages spread successfully in Spain from 2020 to 2022. The presented data provide an insight into the SARS-CoV-2 circulation and genetic variability in Spain during the first two years of the pandemic.
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Li Q, Zhang M, Liang Z, Zhang L, Wu X, Yang C, An Y, Tong J, Liu S, Li T, Cui Q, Nie J, Wu J, Huang W, Wang Y. Antigenicity comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages with other variants contained multiple mutations in RBD. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e130. [PMID: 35434713 PMCID: PMC8994617 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, particularly those with multiple mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD), pose a critical challenge to the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and therapeutic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, as well as the recent emergence of C.1.2, B.1.630, B.1.640.1, and B.1.640.2, have multiple mutations in RBD and may lead to severe neutralizing antibody evasion. It is urgent to evaluate the antigenic change of the above seven variants against mAbs and sera from guinea pigs immunized with variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron) and variants of interest (VOIs) (Lambda, Mu) immunogens. Only seven out of the 24 mAbs showed no reduction in neutralizing activity against BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3. However, among these seven mAbs, the neutralization activity of XGv337 and XGv338 against C.1.2, B.1.630, B.1.640.1, and B.1.640.2 were decreased. Therefore, only five neutralizing mAbs showed no significant change against these seven variants. Using VOCs and VOIs as immunogens, we found that the antigenicity of variants could be divided into three clusters, and each cluster showed similar antigenicity to different immunogens. Among them, D614G, B.1.640.1, and B.1.630 formed a cluster, C.1.2 and B.1.640.2 formed a cluster, and BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 formed a cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
- Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd.TaizhouChina
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Ziteng Liang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Xi Wu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Chaoying Yang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Yimeng An
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Jincheng Tong
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Shuo Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Tao Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Qianqian Cui
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐Transmitted Virus VaccinesInstitute for Biological Product ControlWHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of BiologicalsNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological ProductsNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Kashani NR, Azadbakht J, Ehteram H, Kashani HH, Rajabi-Moghadam H, Ahmad E, Nikzad H, Hosseini ES. Molecular and Clinical Investigation of COVID-19: From Pathogenesis and Immune Responses to Novel Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:770775. [PMID: 35664675 PMCID: PMC9161360 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.770775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus-related severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2002/2003, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012/2013, and especially the current 2019/2021 severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) negatively affected the national health systems worldwide. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and recently Omicron (B.1.1.529), have emerged resulting from the high rate of genetic recombination and S1-RBD/S2 mutation/deletion in the spike protein that has an impact on the virus activity. Furthermore, genetic variability in certain genes involved in the immune system might impact the level of SARS-CoV-2 recognition and immune response against the virus among different populations. Understanding the molecular mechanism and function of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their different epidemiological outcomes is a key step for effective COVID-19 treatment strategies, including antiviral drug development and vaccine designs, which can immunize people with genetic variabilities against various strains of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we center our focus on the recent and up-to-date knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha to Omicron) origin and evolution, structure, genetic diversity, route of transmission, pathogenesis, new diagnostic, and treatment strategies, as well as the psychological and economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on individuals and their lives around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Riahi Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Javid Azadbakht
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Rajabi-Moghadam
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Elahe Seyed Hosseini,
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38
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Lippi G, Henry BM, Adeli K. Diagnostic performance of the fully automated Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 antigen electrochemiluminescence immunoassay: a pooled analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:655-661. [PMID: 35114742 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among the diagnostic tests that have recently become commercially available for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the fully-automated Roche Elecsys severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) is one of the most widespread for its adaptability within a system of laboratory automation, rapidity and high-throughput. This article is aimed to provide the results of the first pooled analysis of its accuracy for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections. CONTENT We carried out an electronic search in Scopus and Medline, without language or date restrictions (i.e., up to January 18, 2022), to identify articles where the diagnostic performance of Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 antigen ECLIA was compared with that of reference molecular diagnostic techniques. SUMMARY Overall, 11 studies were identified, 10 of which (n=6,095 swabs) provided necessary data for inclusion in a pooled analysis. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) in nasopharyngeal samples were 0.68 (95%CI, 0.66-0.70), 0.99 (95%CI, 0.99-0.99) and 0.958 (95%CI, 0.936-0.980), respectively. The cumulative observed agreement with reference molecular assays was 89.5% and the kappa statistic was 0.735 (95%CI, 0.716-0.754). The pooled diagnostic sensitivity in samples with high viral load (i.e., cycle threshold values <28-30) was 0.95 (95%CI, 0.92-0.97). OUTLOOK The results of this pooled analysis confirm that the fully-automated Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 antigen ECLIA has high diagnostic specificity and optimal diagnostic sensitivity for identifying nasopharyngeal samples with higher viral load, thus making it a reliable technique for mass screening and for supporting strategies based on shorten isolation and/or quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lippi G, Favresse J, Gromiha MM, SoRelle JA, Plebani M, Henry BM. Ad interim recommendations for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection by the IFCC SARS-CoV-2 variants working group. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:975-981. [PMID: 35452576 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This document, endorsed by the IFCC Working Group on SARS-CoV-2 Variants, aims to update previous indications for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, taking into consideration the evidence that has emerged after the origin and spread of new lineages and sub-lineages of the virus characterized by mutated genetics and altered biochemical, biological and clinical characteristics. These indications encompass the use of different diagnostic strategies in specific clinical settings, such as high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (symptomatic patients), low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (asymptomatic subjects) at hospital admission/contact tracing, testing in asymptomatic subjects, in epidemiologic surveys and/or population screening, along with tentative indications for identification of new lineages and/or sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group, Verona, Italy
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Verona, Italy
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Julien Favresse
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group, Verona, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Michael M Gromiha
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Jeffrey A SoRelle
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group, Verona, Italy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mario Plebani
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group, Verona, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group, Verona, Italy
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Lippi G, Henry BM, Plebani M. LumiraDX SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test for Diagnosing Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Critical Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040947. [PMID: 35453996 PMCID: PMC9027501 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a critical literature review and meta-analysis on the accuracy of the LumiraDX SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. An electronic search was conducted in the Scopus and Medline databases using the keywords “LumiraDX” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2”, without date (i.e., up to 1 February 2022) or language restrictions, for detecting clinical studies where the diagnostic accuracy of the LumiraDX SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test was compared with reference molecular diagnostic methods. All studies where the rates of true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative cases were available for constructing a 2 × 2 table and providing pooled estimates of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were included in a pooled analysis. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) reporting checklist. Eleven studies (n = 8527 samples) could be included in our pooled analysis, while five additional documents provided diagnostic accuracy data but could not be extracted for construction of a 2 × 2 table. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.86 (95%CI, 0.84–0.88) and 0.99 (95%CI, 0.98–0.99), respectively, while the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.974 (95%CI, 0.965–0.983) and the agreement was 96.8% (95%CI, 96.4–97.1%), with kappa statistics of 0.87 (95%CI, 0.85–0.88). In conclusion, the diagnostic performance of the LumiraDX SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test would allow the conclusion that it may be seen as a reliable alternative to molecular testing for the rapid preliminary screening of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8122970; Fax: +39-045-8124308
| | - Brandon M. Henry
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy;
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Salvagno GL, Henry BM, Pighi L, De Nitto S, Gianfilippi G, Lippi G. Effect of BNT162b2 booster dose on anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG antibodies in seronegative individuals. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:930-933. [PMID: 35303764 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide here an updated analysis of an ongoing serosurveillance study, presenting data on the effect of a third dose of Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine on serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. METHODS We tested baseline SARS-CoV-2 seronegative healthcare workers undergoing primary vaccination with the mRNA-based COVID-19 Comirnaty vaccine, followed by administration of homologous vaccine booster (third dose). Venous blood was collected before either dose of primary vaccination, at 1, 3 and 6 months afterwards, as well as before and 1 month after receiving the vaccine booster. The serum concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was assayed with DiaSorin Trimeric spike IgG immunoassay. RESULTS The final study population included 53 SARS-CoV-2 seronegative healthcare workers (median age 46 years; 60% females). A first peak of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG values was reached 1 month after completing primary vaccination, after which the levels gradually declined until before receiving the vaccine booster. A second peak of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG concentration was observed 1 month after receiving the vaccine booster dose (8,700 kBAU/L), which was 39-fold higher than before receiving the vaccine booster (221 kBAU/L; p<0.001), but was also nearly threefold higher compared to values seen at the first peak (2,990 kBAU/L; p<0.001). The rate of subjects with protective anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG values (i.e., >264 kBAU/L) increased from 47.2% to 100% after 1 month from vaccine booster. CONCLUSIONS These results support current policies fostering COVID-19 vaccine boosters to reinforce humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Pighi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Simone De Nitto
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lippi G, Henry BM, Adeli K, Plebani M. Fujirebio Lumipulse SARS-CoV-2 antigen immunoassay: pooled analysis of diagnostic accuracy. Diagnosis (Berl) 2022; 9:149-156. [PMID: 35287253 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide here a pooled analysis of accuracy of Fujirebio Lumipulse SARS-CoV-2 Antigen chemiluminescent immunoassay for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infections. An electronic search was conducted in Scopus and Medline with the keywords "Lumipulse" AND "antigen" AND "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19", up to January 21, 2022, for identifying clinical investigations (minimum sample size ≥100) where diagnostic accuracy of Lumipulse G SARS-CoV-2 Ag was tested against reference molecular techniques. All studies which allowed to construct a 2 × 2 table were included in a pooled analysis. A final number of 21 studies, totalling 17,648 nasopharyngeal and 8538 saliva specimens, were finally included. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in nasopharyngeal swabs were 0.80 (95%CI, 0.78-0.81) and 0.98 (95%CI, 0.97-0.98), respectively, whilst the area under the curve and agreement were 0.980 (95%CI, 0.973-0.986) and 94.9%, respectively. In the twelve studies which used the fixed 1.34 pg/mL currently recommended manufacturer's threshold, the diagnostic accuracy remained unvaried. In saliva samples, the pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (95%CI, 0.36-0.62) and 1.00 (95%CI, 0.99-1.00), respectively, whilst the area under the curve and were 0.976 (95%CI, 0.969-0.984) and 98.4%, respectively. In the five studies which used the fixed 0.67 pg/mL currently recommended manufacturer's threshold, the diagnostic accuracy remained unvaried. In conclusion, Lumipulse G SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay demonstrates good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, thus representing a valuable complementary and integrative option to molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy.,Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephorlogy and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Mattiuzzi C, Henry BM, Lippi G. COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant: a light at the end of the tunnel? Int J Infect Dis 2022; 118:167-168. [PMID: 35278677 PMCID: PMC8904321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrieved data from the online database of the Italian Ministry of Health concerning the previous and ongoing waves of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in Italy. We analyzed the prevalence of variants, the number of SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared 2 similar days: January 12, in 2021and 2022. Although the number of positive cases in 2022 was nearly fourfold higher compared with the same period in 2021, presumably owing to higher transmissibility of Omicron variant, a considerable decrease of COVID-19 related hospitalizations (-82%) and ICU admissions (-84%) could be observed in the more recent period, when the Omicron variant was largely prevalent and COVID-19 vaccination was widespread.
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FebriDx for rapid screening of patients with suspected COVID-19 upon hospital admission: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 2022; 123:61-66. [PMID: 35202747 PMCID: PMC8858770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken of the lateral flow-based FebriDx immunoassay for triaging patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon admission to healthcare facilities. An electronic search was conducted in Scopus and Medline using the keywords ‘FebriDx’ AND ‘COVID-19’ OR ‘SARS-CoV-2’, with no language or date (i.e. up to 4th February 2022) limits, selecting studies where FebriDx was used for triaging patients with suspected COVID-19 in acute care settings, and reporting sufficient data to construct a 2×2 table. Five studies were included in the final analysis, totalling 2309 patients. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–0.93] and 0.92 (95% CI 0.90–0.93), whilst the area under the curve, accuracy and kappa statistics were 0.971 (95% CI 0.962–0.980), 91.4% (95% CI 90.2–92.5%) and 0.762 (95% CI 0.731–0.793), respectively, thus reflecting substantial agreement with reference molecular testing techniques. Negative and positive predictive values were 0.974 (95% CI 0.966–0.981) and 0.742 (95% CI 0.711–0.770), respectively. This pooled analysis demonstrated that FebriDx has clinical value for rapid screening of patients with suspected COVID-19 in acute care settings, especially in regions with high viral circulation in which the pre-test probability is high, and enables prioritization for confirmatory laboratory testing.
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Is SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant causing different symptoms? J Infect 2022; 84:e76-e77. [PMID: 35183609 PMCID: PMC8851877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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COVID-19 vaccines efficacy in preventing or limiting SARS-CoV-2 infections. J Infect 2022; 84:722-746. [PMID: 35108600 PMCID: PMC8802165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Coutinho JVP, Macedo-da-Silva J, Mule SN, Kronenberger T, Rosa-Fernandes L, Wrenger C, Palmisano G. Glycoprotein molecular dynamics analysis: SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein case study. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 131:277-309. [PMID: 35871894 PMCID: PMC9181370 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) is a method used to calculate the movement of atoms and molecules broadly applied to several aspects of science. It involves computational simulation, which makes it, at first glance, not easily accessible. The rise of several automated tools to perform molecular simulations has allowed researchers to navigate through the various steps of MD. This enables to elucidate structural properties of proteins that could not be analyzed otherwise, such as the impact of glycosylation. Glycosylation dictates the physicochemical and biological properties of a protein modulating its solubility, stability, resistance to proteolysis, interaction partners, enzymatic activity, binding and recognition. Given the high conformational and compositional diversity of the glycan chains, assessing their influence on the protein structure is challenging using conventional analytical techniques. In this manuscript, we present a step-by-step workflow to build and perform MD analysis of glycoproteins focusing on the SPIKE glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 to appraise the impact of glycans in structure stabilization and antibody occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tuebingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Faculty of Science and engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Corresponding author:
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Lippi G, Nocini R, Brandon HM. Critical literature review and pooled analysis of diagnostic accuracy of Ortho VITROS SARS-CoV-2 antigen test for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infections. J Med Biochem 2022; 41:540-548. [PMCID: PMC9618338 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-36107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study is aimed at reviewing and meta-analyzing the currently published data on the diagnostic accuracy of Ortho VITROS SARS-CoV-2 antigen test for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infections. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in Scopus and Medline with the keywords "VITROS" AND "antigen" AND "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "immunoassay" within the search fields "TITLE" AND "ABSTRACT" AND "KEYWORDS", without no date (i.e., up to January 23, 2022) or language restrictions, aimed at detecting documents reporting the diagnostic accuracy of this SARSCoV-2 immunoassay compared with reference molecular diagnostic methods. Results: Overall, 5 studies (n=2734 samples) were finally included in our pooled analysis, four of which also provided diagnostic sensitivity in oro-and nasopharyngeal samples with high viral load. The pooled cumulative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95%CI, 0.78-0.86) and 1.00 (95%CI, 1.00-1.00), respectively, whilst the area under the curve was 0.995 (95%CI, 0.993-0.997), the cumulative agreement 97.2% (95%CI, 96.5-97.8%), with 0.89 (95%CI, 0.86-0.91) kappa statistics, thus reflecting an almost perfect concordance with reference molecular biology techniques. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity in samples with high viral load was as high as 0.98 (95%CI, 0.96-0.99). Conclusions: These results confirm that the automated and high-throughput Ortho VITROS SARS-CoV-2 antigen test may represent a valuable surrogate of molecular testing for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially in subjects with high viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- University of Verona, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Verona, Italy
| | - Henry M. Brandon
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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