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Kuppa A, Alzamrooni A, Lopez R, Suhan T, Chaudhary R, Collins N, Van den Bergh F, Abouleisa R, Wang H, Mohamed T, Satin J, Lyssiotis C, Beard DA, Abdel-Latif A. Inherent Metabolic Adaptations in Adult Spiny Mouse ( Acomys ) Cardiomyocytes Facilitate Enhanced Cardiac Recovery Following Myocardial Infarction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595229. [PMID: 38826249 PMCID: PMC11142149 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity following injury, leading to progressive heart failure and mortality. Recent studies have identified the spiny mouse ( Acomys ) as a unique model for mammalian cardiac isch3emic resilience, exhibiting enhanced recovery after myocardial infarction (MI) compared to commonly used laboratory mouse strains. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this unique response remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the metabolic characteristics of cardiomyocytes in Acomys compared to the non-regenerative Mus musculus . We utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in sham-operated animals and 1, 3, and 7 days post-myocardial infarction to investigate cardiomyocytes' transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in response to myocardial infarction. Complementary targeted metabolomics, stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, and functional mitochondrial assays were performed on heart tissues from both species to validate the transcriptomic findings and elucidate the metabolic adaptations in cardiomyocytes following ischemic injury. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Acomys cardiomyocytes inherently upregulate genes associated with glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glutathione metabolism while downregulating genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These metabolic characteristics are linked to decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased antioxidant capacity. Our targeted metabolomic studies in heart tissue corroborated these findings, showing a shift from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis and ancillary biosynthetic pathways in Acomys at baseline with adaptive changes post-MI. Functional mitochondrial studies indicated a higher reliance on glycolysis in Acomys compared to Mus , underscoring the unique metabolic phenotype of Acomys hearts. Stable isotope tracing experiments confirmed a shift in glucose utilization from oxidative phosphorylation in Acomys . In conclusion, our study identifies unique metabolic characteristics of Acomys cardiomyocytes that contribute to their enhanced ischemic resilience following myocardial infarction. These findings provide novel insights into the role of metabolism in regulating cardiac repair in adult mammals. Our work highlights the importance of inherent and adaptive metabolic flexibility in determining cardiomyocyte ischemic responses and establishes Acomys as a valuable model for studying cardiac ischemic resilience in adult mammals. Graphical abstract
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Crosswell AD, Mayer SE, Whitehurst LN, Picard M, Zebarjadian S, Epel ES. Deep rest: An integrative model of how contemplative practices combat stress and enhance the body's restorative capacity. Psychol Rev 2024; 131:247-270. [PMID: 38147050 PMCID: PMC11003855 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Engaging in contemplative practice like meditation, yoga, and prayer, is beneficial for psychological and physical well-being. Recent research has identified several underlying psychological and biological pathways that explain these benefits. However, there is not yet consensus on the underlying overlapping physiological mechanisms of contemplative practice benefits. In this article, we integrate divergent scientific literatures on contemplative practice interventions, stress science, and mitochondrial biology, presenting a unified biopsychosocial model of how contemplative practices reduce stress and promote physical health. We argue that engaging in contemplative practice facilitates a restorative state termed "deep rest," largely through safety signaling, during which energetic resources are directed toward cellular optimization and away from energy-demanding stress states. Our model thus presents a framework for how contemplative practices enhance positive psychological and physiological functioning by optimizing cellular energy consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Crosswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stefanie E. Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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3
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Kane MS, Benavides GA, Osuma E, Johnson MS, Collins HE, He Y, Westbrook D, Litovsky SH, Mitra K, Chatham JC, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME, Zhang J. The interplay between sex, time of day, fasting status, and their impact on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21638. [PMID: 38062139 PMCID: PMC10703790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria morphology and function, and their quality control by mitophagy, are essential for heart function. We investigated whether these are influenced by time of the day (TOD), sex, and fed or fasting status, using transmission electron microscopy (EM), mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and mito-QC reporter mice. We observed peak mitochondrial number at ZT8 in the fed state, which was dependent on the intrinsic cardiac circadian clock, as hearts from cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice exhibit different TOD responses. In contrast to mitochondrial number, mitochondrial ETC activities do not fluctuate across TOD, but decrease immediately and significantly in response to fasting. Concurrent with the loss of ETC activities, ETC proteins were decreased with fasting, simultaneous with significant increases of mitophagy, mitochondrial antioxidant protein SOD2, and the fission protein DRP1. Fasting-induced mitophagy was lost in CBK mice, indicating a direct role of BMAL1 in regulating mitophagy. This is the first of its kind report to demonstrate the interactions between sex, fasting, and TOD on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function and mitophagy. These studies provide a foundation for future investigations of mitochondrial functional perturbation in aging and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame S Kane
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Birmingham VA Health Care System (BVACS), Birmingham, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Edie Osuma
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Helen E Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Yecheng He
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Ashoka University, Sonipat, NCR (Delhi), India
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th St. S., ZRB 308, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA.
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4
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Konopka MJ, Sperlich B, Rietjens G, Zeegers MP. Genetics and athletic performance: a systematic SWOT analysis of non-systematic reviews. Front Genet 2023; 14:1232987. [PMID: 37621703 PMCID: PMC10445150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1232987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise genetics/genomics is a growing research discipline comprising several Strengths and Opportunities but also deals with Weaknesses and Threats. This "systematic SWOT overview of non-systematic reviews" (sSWOT) aimed to identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats linked to exercise genetics/genomics. A systematic search was conducted in the Medline and Embase databases for non-systematic reviews to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature/research area. The extracted data was thematically analyzed, coded, and categorized into SWOT clusters. In the 45 included reviews five Strengths, nine Weaknesses, six Opportunities, and three Threats were identified. The cluster of Strengths included "advances in technology", "empirical evidence", "growing research discipline", the "establishment of consortia", and the "acceptance/accessibility of genetic testing". The Weaknesses were linked to a "low research quality", the "complexity of exercise-related traits", "low generalizability", "high costs", "genotype scores", "reporting bias", "invasive methods", "research progress", and "causality". The Opportunities comprised of "precision exercise", "omics", "multicenter studies", as well as "genetic testing" as "commercial"-, "screening"-, and "anti-doping" detection tool. The Threats were related to "ethical issues", "direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies", and "gene doping". This overview of the present state of the art research in sport genetics/genomics indicates a field with great potential, while also drawing attention to the necessity for additional advancement in methodological and ethical guidance to mitigate the recognized Weaknesses and Threats. The recognized Strengths and Opportunities substantiate the capability of genetics/genomics to make significant contributions to the performance and wellbeing of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Johanna Konopka
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerard Rietjens
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maurice Petrus Zeegers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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5
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Garrafa E, Segala A, Vezzoli M, Bottani E, Zanini B, Vetturi A, Bracale R, Ricci C, Valerio A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Novel Diagnostic Tools for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Visualizing Relationships with Known and Potential Disease Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2363. [PMID: 37510108 PMCID: PMC10378438 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a health emergency worldwide due to its high prevalence and the lack of specific therapies. Noninvasive biomarkers supporting NAFLD diagnosis are urgently needed. Liver mitochondrial dysfunction is a central NAFLD pathomechanism that changes throughout disease progression. Blood-cell bioenergetics reflecting mitochondrial organ dysfunction is emerging for its potential applications in diagnostics. We measured real-time mitochondrial respirometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), anthropometric parameters, routine blood analytes, and circulating cytokines from a cohort of NAFLD patients (N = 19) and non-NAFLD control subjects (N = 18). PBMC basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity were significantly reduced in NAFLD compared to non-NAFLD cases. Correlation plots were applied to visualize relationships between known or potential NAFLD-related biomarkers, while non-parametric methods were applied to identify which biomarkers are NAFLD predictors. Basal and ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration were negatively correlated with triglycerides and fasting insulin levels and HOMA index. Maximal and spare respiratory capacity were negatively correlated with IL-6 levels. All the mitochondrial respiratory parameters were positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol level and negatively correlated with fatty liver index. We propose including blood cell respirometry in panels of NAFLD diagnostic biomarkers to monitor disease progression and the response to current and novel therapies, including mitochondrial-targeted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirena Garrafa
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marika Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Zanini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Vetturi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Renata Bracale
- Department of Medicine and Sciences for Health, Molise University, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Division of Gastroenterology, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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6
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Smith AR, Hinojosa Briseño A, Picard M, Cardenas A. The prenatal environment and its influence on maternal and child mitochondrial DNA copy number and methylation: A review of the literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115798. [PMID: 37001851 PMCID: PMC10164709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is sensitive to environmental stressors and associated with human health. We reviewed epidemiological literature examining associations between prenatal environmental, dietary, and social exposures and alterations in maternal/child mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and mtDNA methylation. Evidence exists that prenatal maternal exposures are associated with alterations in mtDNAcn for air pollution, chemicals (e.g. metals), cigarette smoke, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and treatment. Evidence for their associations with mtDNA methylation was limited. Given its potential implications as a disease pathway biomarker, studies with sufficient biological specificity should examine the long-term implications of prenatal and early-life mtDNA alterations in response to prenatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alejandra Hinojosa Briseño
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Bell MB, Ouyang X, Shelton AK, Huynh NV, Mueller T, Chacko BK, Jegga AG, Chatham JC, Miller CR, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Relationships between gene expression and behavior in mice in response to systemic modulation of the O-GlcNAcylation pathway. J Neurochem 2023; 165:682-700. [PMID: 37129420 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing protein O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes the O-GlcNAc modification from proteins, has been explored in mouse models of amyloid-beta and tau pathology. However, the O-GlcNAcylation-dependent link between gene expression and neurological behavior remains to be explored. Using chronic administration of Thiamet G (TG, an OGA inhibitor) in vivo, we used a protocol designed to relate behavior with the transcriptome and selected biochemical parameters from the cortex of individual animals. TG-treated mice showed improved working memory as measured using a Y-maze test. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 151 top differentially expressed genes with a Log2fold change >0.33 and adjusted p-value <0.05. Top TG-dependent upregulated genes were related to learning, cognition and behavior, while top downregulated genes were related to IL-17 signaling, inflammatory response and chemotaxis. Additional pathway analysis uncovered 3 pathways, involving gene expression including 14 cytochrome c oxidase subunits/regulatory components, chaperones or assembly factors, and 5 mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling factors. Multivariate Kendall correlation analyses of behavioral tests and the top TG-dependent differentially expressed genes revealed 91 statistically significant correlations in saline-treated mice and 70 statistically significant correlations in TG-treated mice. These analyses provide a network regulation landscape that is important in relating the transcriptome to behavior and the potential impact of the O-GlcNAC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiaosen Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigail K Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nha V Huynh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Toni Mueller
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Balu K Chacko
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Ouyang X, Bakshi S, Benavides GA, Sun Z, Hernandez‐Moreno G, Collins HE, Kane MS, Litovsky S, Young ME, Chatham JC, Darley‐Usmar V, Wende AR, Zhang J. Cardiomyocyte ZKSCAN3 regulates remodeling following pressure-overload. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15686. [PMID: 37144628 PMCID: PMC10161215 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is important for protein and organelle quality control. Growing evidence demonstrates that autophagy is tightly controlled by transcriptional mechanisms, including repression by zinc finger containing KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3). We hypothesize that cardiomyocyte-specific ZKSCAN3 knockout (Z3K) disrupts autophagy activation and repression balance and exacerbates cardiac pressure-overload-induced remodeling following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Indeed, Z3K mice had an enhanced mortality compared to control (Con) mice following TAC. Z3K-TAC mice that survived exhibited a lower body weight compared to Z3K-Sham. Although both Con and Z3K mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy after TAC, Z3K mice exhibited TAC-induced increase of left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd). Conversely, Con-TAC mice exhibited decreases in PWT%, fractional shortening (FS%), and ejection fraction (EF%). Autophagy genes (Tfeb, Lc3b, and Ctsd) were decreased by the loss of ZKSCAN3. TAC suppressed Zkscan3, Tfeb, Lc3b, and Ctsd in Con mice, but not in Z3K. The Myh6/Myh7 ratio, which is related to cardiac remodeling, was decreased by the loss of ZKSCAN3. Although Ppargc1a mRNA and citrate synthase activities were decreased by TAC in both genotypes, mitochondrial electron transport chain activity did not change. Bi-variant analyses show that while in Con-Sham, the levels of autophagy and cardiac remodeling mRNAs form a strong correlation network, such was disrupted in Con-TAC, Z3K-Sham, and Z3K-TAC. Ppargc1a also forms different links in Con-sham, Con-TAC, Z3K-Sham, and Z3K-TAC. We conclude that ZKSCAN3 in cardiomyocytes reprograms autophagy and cardiac remodeling gene transcription, and their relationships with mitochondrial activities in response to TAC-induced pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosen Ouyang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Sayan Bakshi
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Zhihuan Sun
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Gerardo Hernandez‐Moreno
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Polymers & Healthcare Materials/DevicesThe University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
| | - Helen E. Collins
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Present address:
Division of Environmental Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic ScienceThe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Mariame S. Kane
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Present address:
Birmingham VA Health Care System (BVACS)ALUSA
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - John C. Chatham
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Victor Darley‐Usmar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Adam R. Wende
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Birmingham VA Medical CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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Guichard JL, Kane MS, Grenett M, Sandel M, Benavides GA, Bradley WE, Powell PC, Darley-Usmar V, Ballinger SW, Dell'Italia LJ. Mitochondrial haplotype modulates genome expression and mitochondrial structure/function in cardiomyocytes following volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H484-H493. [PMID: 36800507 PMCID: PMC10010923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00371.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype regulates mitochondrial structure/function and reactive oxygen species in aortocaval fistula (ACF) in mice. Here, we unravel the mitochondrial haplotype effects on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure and transcriptome response to ACF in vivo. Phenotypic responses and quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequence at 3 days were determined after sham surgery or ACF in vivo in cardiomyocytes from wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J (C57n:C57mt) and C3H/HeN (C3Hn:C3Hmt) and mitochondrial nuclear exchange mice (C57n:C3Hmt or C3Hn:C57mt). Quantitative TEM of cardiomyocyte mitochondria C3HWT hearts have more electron-dense compact mitochondrial cristae compared with C57WT. In response to ACF, mitochondrial area and cristae integrity are normal in C3HWT; however, there is mitochondrial swelling, cristae lysis, and disorganization in both C57WT and MNX hearts. Tissue analysis shows that C3HWT hearts have increased autophagy, antioxidant, and glucose fatty acid oxidation-related genes compared with C57WT. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of cardiomyocytes from ACF was dependent upon mtDNA haplotype. C57mtDNA haplotype was associated with increased inflammatory/protein synthesis pathways and downregulation of bioenergetic pathways, whereas C3HmtDNA showed upregulation of autophagy genes. In conclusion, ACF in vivo shows a protective response of C3Hmt haplotype that is in large part driven by mitochondrial nuclear genome interaction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results of this study support the effects of mtDNA haplotype on nuclear gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Currently, there is no acceptable therapy for volume overload due to mitral regurgitation. The findings of this study could suggest that mtDNA haplotype activates different pathways after ACF warrants further investigations on human population of heart disease from different ancestry backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Guichard
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Mariame Selma Kane
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Maximiliano Grenett
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Michael Sandel
- Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Pamela Cox Powell
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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10
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Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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MOTS-c, the Most Recent Mitochondrial Derived Peptide in Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911991. [PMID: 36233287 PMCID: PMC9570330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c, a 16 amino acid mitochondrial derived peptide, is encoded from the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Under stress conditions, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus where it regulates a wide range of genes in response to metabolic dysfunction. It is colocalized to mitochondria in various tissues and is found in plasma, but the levels decline with age. Since MOTS-c has important cellular functions as well as a possible hormonal role, it has been shown to have beneficial effects on age-related diseases including Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Osteoporosis, postmenopausal obesity and Alzheimer. Aging is characterized by gradual loss of (mitochondrial) metabolic balance, decreased muscle homeostasis and eventual diminished physical capability, which potentially can be reversed with MOTS-c treatment. This review examines the latest findings on biological effects of MOTS-c as a nuclear regulatory peptide and focuses on the role of MOTS-c in aging and age-related disorders, including mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.
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12
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Simon L, Molina PE. Cellular Bioenergetics: Experimental Evidence for Alcohol-induced Adaptations. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac039. [PMID: 36120487 PMCID: PMC9469757 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At-risk alcohol use is associated with multisystemic effects and end-organ injury, and significantly contributes to global health burden. Several alcohol-mediated mechanisms have been identified, with bioenergetic maladaptation gaining credence as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cellular injury. This evidence-based review focuses on the current knowledge of alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues: liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain. Alcohol metabolism itself significantly interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, particularly the liver. Alcohol decreases states of respiration in the electron transport chain, and activity and expression of respiratory complexes, with a net effect to decrease ATP content. In addition, alcohol dysregulates major metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. These bioenergetic alterations are influenced by alcohol-mediated changes in mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics. The review highlights similarities and differences in bioenergetic adaptations according to tissue type, pattern of (acute vs. chronic) alcohol use, and energy substrate availability. The compromised bioenergetics synergizes with other critical pathophysiological mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress and accelerates cellular dysfunction, promoting senescence, programmed cell death, and end-organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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13
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König B, Lahodny J. Ozone high dose therapy (OHT) improves mitochondrial bioenergetics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 7:17. [PMID: 35880042 PMCID: PMC9301618 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-022-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide increasing number of people with chronic diseases is pushing conventional therapy to its limits. The so-called Major AutoHaemo Therapy (MAH) has been used in many practices for years. Despite suspicions, especially the 10-passes ozone-high-dosis Therapy (OHT) has shown substantial benefits in chronic ailments. However, knowledge of scientifically based effects of high ozone concentrations are still rare. The present investigation focussed on verifying whether OHT may be linked to a beneficial effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics which can be expressed as a bioenergetic health index (BHI). METHODS We report on six patients which received OHT for preventive purposes twice within one week. The BHI in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is calculated from parameters of a cellular mitochondrial function assay, which gives insights into different aspects of mitochondrial function: 1) Basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR); 2) ATP-linked OCR and proton leak; 3) Maximal OCR and reserve capacity; 4) Non-mitochondrial OCR. RESULTS The results clearly show that the bioenergetic health index in PBMC improves significantly after just 2 OHT applications over a period of 1 week. The overall improvement of the BHI is based primarily on a significant increase in the reserve capacity and the maximum respiration of the mitochondria. The increase in non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption, which has a negative impact on the BHI value, is indicative for the Nrf-2 dependent activation of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes activated through OHT. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate for the first time the beneficial effect of OHT on mitochondrial parameters. Thus, the results of this study suggest that OHT could be a safe and effective therapeutic option alone or as integrative and complementary support for pharmacological therapy in a variety of chronic and acute diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte König
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johann Lahodny
- Private Department of Gynecology and General Medicine Univ. Doz. Dr. Johann Lahodny, Klostergasse 1A, St. Pölten, Austria
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14
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Lähteenmäki EI, Koski M, Koskela I, Lehtonen E, Kankaanpää A, Kainulainen H, Walker S, Lehti M. Resistance exercise with different workloads have distinct effects on cellular respiration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15394. [PMID: 35852047 PMCID: PMC9295128 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known how acute exercise-induced inflammation and metabolic stress affect immune cell bioenergetics and the portion of its components. Therefore, we investigated acute effects of eccentric-only (E), concentric-only (C) and combined eccentric-concentric resistance exercise (E + C) bouts on cellular respiration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Twelve strength-trained young men performed bench press resistance exercises in randomized order. Venous blood samples were drawn at pre-, 5 min post- and 24 h post-exercise. Several PBMC respiration states were measured using high-resolution respirometry. Levels of leukocytes, interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), blood lactate and maximum voluntary isometric force were measured from the same time points. Effects of blood lactate and pH change on bioenergetics of PBMCs were investigated ex vivo. PBMC routine respiration (p = 0.017), free routine capacity (p = 0.025) and ET-capacity (p = 0.038) decreased immediately after E + C. E responded in opposite manner 5 min post-exercise compared to E + C (p = 0.013) and C (p = 0.032) in routine respiration, and to E + C in free routine activity (p = 0.013). E + C > C > E was observed for increased lactate levels and decreased isometric force that correlated with routine respiration (R = -0.369, p = 0.035; R = 0.352, p = 0.048). Lactate and pH change did not affect bioenergetics of PBMCs. Acute resistance exercise affected cellular respiration of PBMCs, with training volume and the amount of metabolic stress appear influential. Results suggest that acute inflammation response does not contribute to changes seen in cellular respiration, but the level of peripheral muscle fatigue and metabolic stress could be explaining factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ilona Lähteenmäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health LIKESJyväskyläFinland
| | - Max Koski
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research CenterUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Iida Koskela
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Elias Lehtonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Anna Kankaanpää
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Simon Walker
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research CenterUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Maarit Lehti
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health LIKESJyväskyläFinland
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15
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Targeting oncometabolism to maximize immunotherapy in malignant brain tumors. Oncogene 2022; 41:2663-2671. [PMID: 35430605 PMCID: PMC9081266 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors result in significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Recent data indicates that immunotherapies may offer a survival benefit after standard of care has failed for malignant brain tumors. Modest results from several late phase clinical trials, however, underscore the need for more refined, comprehensive strategies that incorporate new mechanistic and pharmacologic knowledge. Recently, oncometabolism has emerged as an adjunct modality for combinatorial treatment approaches necessitated by the aggressive, refractory nature of high-grade glioma and other progressive malignant brain tumors. Manipulation of metabolic processes in cancer and immune cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment through controlled targeting of oncogenic pathways may be utilized to maximize the efficacy of immunotherapy and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we summarize preclinical and early phase clinical trial research of oncometabolism-based therapeutics that may augment immunotherapy by exploiting the biochemical and genetic underpinnings of brain tumors. We also examine metabolic pathways related to immune cells that target tumor cells, termed ‘tumor immunometabolism’. Specifically, we focus on glycolysis and altered glucose metabolism, including glucose transporters, hexokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, glutamine, and we discuss targeting arginase, adenosine, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and toll-like receptors. Lastly, we summarize future directions targeting metabolism in combination with emerging therapies such as oncolytic virotherapy, vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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16
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17
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Benavides GA, Mueller T, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Optimization of measurement of mitochondrial electron transport activity in postmortem human brain samples and measurement of susceptibility to rotenone and 4-hydroxynonenal inhibition. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102241. [PMID: 35066289 PMCID: PMC8792425 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is required to meet the energetic and metabolic requirements of the brain. Abnormalities in mitochondrial function, due to genetic or developmental factors, mitochondrial toxins, aging or insufficient mitochondrial quality control contribute to neurological and psychiatric diseases. Studying bioenergetics from postmortem human tissues has been challenging due to the diverse range of human genetics, health conditions, sex, age, and postmortem interval. Furthermore, fresh tissues that were in the past required for assessment of mitochondrial respiratory function were rarely available. Recent studies established protocols to use in bioenergetic analyses from frozen tissues using animal models and cell cultures. In this study we optimized these methods to determine the activities of mitochondrial electron transport in postmortem human brain. Further we demonstrate how these samples can be used to assess the susceptibility to the mitochondrial toxin rotenone and exposure to the reactive lipid species 4-hydroxynonenal. The establishment of such an approach will significantly impact translational studies of human diseases by allowing measurement of mitochondrial function in human tissue repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Toni Mueller
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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18
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Huynh VN, Benavides GA, Johnson MS, Ouyang X, Chacko BK, Osuma E, Mueller T, Chatham J, Darley-Usmar VM, Zhang J. Acute inhibition of OGA sex-dependently alters the networks associated with bioenergetics, autophagy, and neurodegeneration. Mol Brain 2022; 15:22. [PMID: 35248135 PMCID: PMC8898497 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe accumulation of neurotoxic proteins characteristic of age-related neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases is associated with the perturbation of metabolism, bioenergetics, and mitochondrial quality control. One approach to exploit these interactions therapeutically is to target the pathways that regulate metabolism. In this respect, the nutrient-sensing hexosamine biosynthesis pathway is of particular interest since it introduces a protein post-translational modification known as O-GlcNAcylation, which modifies different proteins in control versus neurodegenerative disease postmortem brains. A potent inhibitor of the O-GlcNAcase enzyme that removes the modification from proteins, Thiamet G (TG), has been proposed to have potential benefits in Alzheimer’s disease. We tested whether key factors in the O-GlcNAcylation are correlated with mitochondrial electron transport and proteins related to the autophagy/lysosomal pathways in the cortex of male and female mice with and without exposure to TG (10 mg/kg i.p.). Mitochondrial complex activities were measured in the protein homogenates, and a panel of metabolic, autophagy/lysosomal proteins and O-GlcNAcylation enzymes were assessed by either enzyme activity assay or by western blot analysis. We found that the networks associated with O-GlcNAcylation enzymes and activities with mitochondrial parameters, autophagy-related proteins as well as neurodegenerative disease-related proteins exhibited sex and TG dependent differences. Taken together, these studies provide a framework of interconnectivity for multiple O-GlcNAc-dependent pathways in mouse brain of relevance to aging and sex/age-dependent neurodegenerative pathogenesis and response to potential therapies.
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19
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Dodson M, Benavides GA, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Differential Effects of 2-Deoxyglucose and Glucose Deprivation on 4-Hydroxynonenal Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Primary Neurons. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:812810. [PMID: 35821809 PMCID: PMC9261388 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.812810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic decline are prevalent features of aging and age-related disorders, including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with a progressive loss of metabolic homeostasis. This pathogenic decline in metabolism is the result of several factors, including decreased mitochondrial function, increased oxidative stress, inhibited autophagic flux, and altered metabolic substrate availability. One critical metabolite for maintaining neuronal function is glucose, which is utilized by the brain more than any other organ to meet its substantial metabolic demand. Enzymatic conversion of glucose into its downstream metabolites is critical for maintaining neuronal cell growth and overall metabolic homeostasis. Perturbation of glycolysis could significantly hinder neuronal metabolism by affecting key metabolic pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) decreases cell viability, as well as both basal and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption in response to the neurotoxic lipid 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), whereas glucose deprivation has a minimal effect. Furthermore, using a cell permeabilization assay we found that 2DG has a more pronounced effect on HNE-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and II than glucose deprivation. Importantly, these findings indicate that altered glucose utilization plays a critical role in dictating neuronal survival by regulating the mitochondrial response to electrophilic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dodson
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Zhang,
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20
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Austad SN, Ballinger S, Buford TW, Carter CS, Smith DL, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Targeting whole body metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:511-531. [PMID: 35256932 PMCID: PMC8897048 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need, the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients, on disease pathogenesis, have been explored. There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex, microbiome, and circadian regulation. As a major part of intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ADRD, AD-related dementias
- Aβ, amyloid β
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Circadian regulation
- DAMPs
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- Diabetes
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FCCP, trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone
- FPR-1, formyl peptide receptor 1
- GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- HBP, hexoamine biosynthesis pathway
- HTRA, high temperature requirement A
- Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway
- I3A, indole-3-carboxaldehyde
- IRF-3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- LC3, microtubule associated protein light chain 3
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- MAVS, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1
- Microbiome
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain
- Mitochondrial quality control
- NLRP3, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLR)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NeuN, neuronal nuclear protein
- PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography
- PKA, protein kinase A
- POLβ, the base-excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase β
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive species
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated mice
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SIRT3, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-3
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- SkQ1, plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- TP, tricyclic pyrone
- TRF, time-restricted feeding
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS, cyclic GMP/AMP synthase
- hAPP, human amyloid precursor protein
- hPREP, human presequence protease
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- αkG, alpha-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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21
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Junker A, Wang J, Gouspillou G, Ehinger JK, Elmér E, Sjövall F, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD, Molina AJA, Ferrucci L, Picard M. Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22146. [PMID: 35073429 PMCID: PMC9885138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are maternally inherited organelles that play critical tissue-specific roles, including hormone synthesis and energy production, that influence human development, health, and aging. However, whether mitochondria from women and men exhibit consistent biological differences remains unclear, representing a major gap in knowledge. This meta-analysis systematically examined four domains and six subdomains of mitochondrial biology (total 39 measures), including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Standardized effect sizes (Hedge's g) of sex differences were computed for each measure using data in 2258 participants (51.5% women) from 50 studies. Only two measures demonstrated aggregate binary sex differences: higher mitochondrial content in women's WAT and isolated leukocyte subpopulations (g = 0.20, χ2 p = .01), and higher ROS production in men's skeletal muscle (g = 0.49, χ2 p < .0001). Sex differences showed weak to no correlation with age or BMI. Studies with small sample sizes tended to overestimate effect sizes (r = -.17, p < .001), and sex differences varied by tissue examined. Our findings point to a wide variability of findings in the literature concerning possible binary sex differences in mitochondrial biology. Studies specifically designed to capture sex- and gender-related differences in mitochondrial biology are needed, including detailed considerations of physical activity and sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johannes K. Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J. A. Molina
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is recalcitrant to regeneration after injury, in part due to the postmitotic nature of cardiomyocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiomyocyte proliferation in fetal or neonatal mammals and in regenerative non-mammalian models depends on a conducive metabolic state. Results from numerous studies in adult hearts indicate that conditions of relatively low fatty acid oxidation, low reactive oxygen species generation, and high glycolysis are required for induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Glycolysis appears particularly important because it provides branchpoint metabolites for several biosynthetic pathways that are essential for synthesis of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars, amino acids, and glycerophospholipids, all of which are required for daughter cell formation. In addition, the proliferative cardiomyocyte phenotype is supported in part by relatively low oxygen tensions and through the actions of critical transcription factors, coactivators, and signaling pathways that promote a more glycolytic and proliferative cardiomyocyte phenotype, such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α), Yes-associated protein (Yap), and ErbB2. Interventions that inhibit glycolysis or its integrated biosynthetic pathways almost universally impair cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity. Furthermore, metabolic enzymes that augment biosynthetic capacity such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 appear to be amplifiers of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Collectively, these studies suggest that acquisition of a glycolytic and biosynthetic metabolic phenotype is a sine qua non of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Further knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that control substrate partitioning to coordinate biosynthesis with energy provision could be leveraged to prompt or augment cardiomyocyte division and to promote cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M A Mohamed
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Corresponding authors: Tamer M.A. Mohamed, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, 580 S. Preston Street, Rm 121A, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Riham Abouleisa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Bradford G. Hill, PhD, Department of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Rm 321E, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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23
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Abouleisa RRE, McNally L, Salama ABM, Hammad SK, Ou Q, Wells C, Lorkiewicz PK, Bolli R, Mohamed TMA, Hill BG. Cell cycle induction in human cardiomyocytes is dependent on biosynthetic pathway activation. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102094. [PMID: 34418597 PMCID: PMC8379496 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The coordinated gene and metabolic programs that facilitate cardiomyocyte entry and progression in the cell cycle are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolic changes that influence myocyte proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS In adult mouse cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), cell cycle initiation by ectopic expression of Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, CDK1, and CDK4 (termed 4F) downregulated oxidative phosphorylation genes and upregulated genes that regulate ancillary biosynthetic pathways of glucose metabolism. Results from metabolic analyses and stable isotope tracing experiments indicate that 4F-mediated cell cycle induction in hiPS-CMs decreases glucose oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and augments NAD+, glycogen, hexosamine, phospholipid, and serine biosynthetic pathway activity. Interventions that diminish NAD+ synthesis, serine synthesis, or protein O-GlcNAcylation decreased 4F-mediated cell cycle entry. In a gain of function approach, we overexpressed phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), which can drive carbon from the Krebs cycle to the glycolytic intermediate pool, and found that PCK2 augments 4F-mediated cell cycle entry. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a metabolic shift from catabolic to anabolic activity is a critical step for cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry and is required to facilitate proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham R E Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey McNally
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Abou Bakr M Salama
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Collin Wells
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Acin-Perez R, Benincá C, Shabane B, Shirihai OS, Stiles L. Utilization of Human Samples for Assessment of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Gold Standards, Limitations, and Future Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:949. [PMID: 34575097 PMCID: PMC8467772 DOI: 10.3390/life11090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetic function is a central component of cellular metabolism in health and disease. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is critical for maintaining energetic homeostasis, and impairment of mitochondrial function underlies the development and progression of metabolic diseases and aging. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be challenging in human samples due to limitations in the size of the collected sample. Furthermore, the collection of samples from human cohorts is often spread over multiple days and locations, which makes immediate sample processing and bioenergetics analysis challenging. Therefore, sample selection and choice of tests should be carefully considered. Basic research, clinical trials, and mitochondrial disease diagnosis rely primarily on skeletal muscle samples. However, obtaining skeletal muscle biopsies requires an appropriate clinical setting and specialized personnel, making skeletal muscle a less suitable tissue for certain research studies. Circulating white blood cells and platelets offer a promising primary tissue alternative to biopsies for the study of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Recent advances in frozen respirometry protocols combined with the utilization of minimally invasive and non-invasive samples may provide promise for future mitochondrial research studies in humans. Here we review the human samples commonly used for the measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetics with a focus on the advantages and limitations of each sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Byourak Shabane
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Orian S. Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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25
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Fulghum KL, Audam TN, Lorkiewicz PK, Zheng Y, Merchant M, Cummins TD, Dean WL, Cassel TA, Fan TWM, Hill BG. In vivo deep network tracing reveals phosphofructokinase-mediated coordination of biosynthetic pathway activity in the myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 162:32-42. [PMID: 34487754 PMCID: PMC8766935 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism comprises numerous amphibolic metabolites that provide precursors for not only the synthesis of cellular building blocks but also for ATP production. In this study, we tested how phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) activity controls the fate of glucose-derived carbon in murine hearts in vivo. PFK1 activity was regulated by cardiac-specific overexpression of kinase- or phosphatase-deficient 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase transgenes in mice (termed GlycoLo or GlycoHi mice, respectively). Dietary delivery of 13C6-glucose to these mice, followed by deep network metabolic tracing, revealed that low rates of PFK1 activity promote selective routing of glucose-derived carbon to the purine synthesis pathway to form 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). Consistent with a mechanism of physical channeling, we found multimeric protein complexes that contained phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase (PAICS)—an enzyme important for AICAR biosynthesis, as well as chaperone proteins such as Hsp90 and other metabolic enzymes. We also observed that PFK1 influenced glucose-derived carbon deposition in glycogen, but did not affect hexosamine biosynthetic pathway activity. These studies demonstrate the utility of deep network tracing to identify metabolic channeling and changes in biosynthetic pathway activity in the heart in vivo and present new potential mechanisms by which metabolic branchpoint reactions modulate biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Fulghum
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Timothy N Audam
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Michael Merchant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Timothy D Cummins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - William L Dean
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Teresa A Cassel
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Teresa W M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
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Abstract
The supply of platelets for transfusion is a logistical challenge due to the physiology of platelets and current measures of transfusion performance dictating storage at 22°C and a short product shelf-life (<7 days). Demand for platelets has increased in recent years and changes in the demographics of the population may enhance this further. Many studies have been conducted to understand what the optimal dose and trigger for transfusion should be, mainly in hematology patients who are the largest cohort that receive platelets, mostly to prevent bleeding. Emerging data suggests that for bleeding patients, where immediate hemostasis is a key consideration, the current standard product may not be optimal. Alternative platelet preparation methods/storage options that may improve the hemostatic properties of platelets are under active development. In parallel with research into alternative platelet products that might enhance hemostasis, better measures for assessing bleeding risk and platelet efficacy are needed.
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University of Alabama at Birmingham Nathan Shock Center: comparative energetics of aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:2149-2160. [PMID: 34304389 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The UAB Nathan Shock Center focuses on comparative energetics and aging. Energetics, as defined for this purpose, encompasses the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of the acquisition, storage, and use of metabolizable energy. Comparative energetics is the study of metabolic processes at multiple scales and across multiple species as it relates to health and aging. The link between energetics and aging is increasingly understood in terms of dysregulated mitochondrial function, altered metabolic signaling, and aberrant nutrient responsiveness with increasing age. The center offers world-class expertise in comprehensive, integrated energetic assessment and analysis from the level of the organelle to the organism and across species from the size of worms to rats as well as state-of-the-art data analytics. The range of services offered by our three research cores, (1) The Organismal Energetics Core, (2) Mitometabolism Core, and (3) Data Analytics Core, is described herein.
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28
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Blum J, Epstein R, Watts S, Thalacker-Mercer A. Importance of Nutrient Availability and Metabolism for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Front Physiol 2021; 12:696018. [PMID: 34335302 PMCID: PMC8322985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is fundamentally important for quality of life. Deterioration of skeletal muscle, such as that observed with advancing age, chronic disease, and dystrophies, is associated with metabolic and functional decline. Muscle stem/progenitor cells promote the maintenance of skeletal muscle composition (balance of muscle mass, fat, and fibrotic tissues) and are essential for the regenerative response to skeletal muscle damage. It is increasing recognized that nutrient and metabolic determinants of stem/progenitor cell function exist and are potential therapeutic targets to improve regenerative outcomes and muscle health. This review will focus on current understanding as well as key gaps in knowledge and challenges around identifying and understanding nutrient and metabolic determinants of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Blum
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebekah Epstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anna Thalacker-Mercer
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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29
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Bonora M, Missiroli S, Perrone M, Fiorica F, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Mitochondrial Control of Genomic Instability in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081914. [PMID: 33921106 PMCID: PMC8071454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells display among its hallmark genomic instability. This is a progressive tendency in accumulate genome alteration which contributes to the damage of genes regulating cell division and tumor suppression. Genomic instability favors the appearance of survival-promoting mutations, increasing the likelihood that those mutations will propagate into daughter cells and have a significant impact on cancer progression. Among the many factor influencing this phenomenon, mitochondrial physiology is emerging. Mitochondria are bound to genomic instability by responding to DNA alteration to trigger cell death programs and as a source for DNA damage. Mitochondrial alterations prototypical of cancer can desensitize the mitochondrial route of cell death, facilitating the survival of cell acquiring new mutations, or can stimulate mitochondrial mediated DNA damage, boosting the mutation rate and genomic instability itself. Abstract Mitochondria are well known to participate in multiple aspects of tumor formation and progression. They indeed can alter the susceptibility of cells to engage regulated cell death, regulate pro-survival signal transduction pathways and confer metabolic plasticity that adapts to specific tumor cell demands. Interestingly, a relatively poorly explored aspect of mitochondria in neoplastic disease is their contribution to the characteristic genomic instability that underlies the evolution of the disease. In this review, we summarize the known mechanisms by which mitochondrial alterations in cancer tolerate and support the accumulation of DNA mutations which leads to genomic instability. We describe recent studies elucidating mitochondrial responses to DNA damage as well as the direct contribution of mitochondria to favor the accumulation of DNA alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, AULSS 9 Scaligera, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Quantitative and Molecular Similarity Analyses of the Metabolites of Cold- and Hot-Natured Chinese Herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6646507. [PMID: 33747108 PMCID: PMC7954617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbs possess four different medicinal properties: hot, warm, cold, and cool. These serve as a reference guide for these herbal medicines. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting their relevance remain unclear. Methods We performed metabolomics based on capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS) and multivariate data analysis for the structural identification of compounds of cold- and hot-natured Chinese herbs. Results To this end, 30 selected herbs were analyzed and a total of 416 metabolites were identified via CE-TOF/MS, of which 193 compounds were detected in most herbs. The observed profiles offered the potential to understand the mechanism of association between the compounds and nature of the Chinese herbs. Comparison of the similarity in terms of chemical and molecular structures and content revealed that hot-natured herbs contained more nucleotides. In contrast, principal component analysis revealed the presence of more amino acid compounds in cold-natured herbs. Conclusion Comparing the structural similarities between the samples using the Tanimoto coefficient revealed that a general non-specific structure was observed between cold- and hot-natured herbs; however, the distribution of the molecular groups seemed to contribute more toward the energy properties.
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31
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Ostojic SM. Dietary creatine intake in U.S. population: NHANES 2017-2018. Nutrition 2021; 87-88:111207. [PMID: 33743432 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Murashov AK, Pak ES, Lin C, Boykov IN, Buddo KA, Mar J, Bhat KM, Neufer PD. Preference and detrimental effects of high fat, sugar, and salt diet in wild-caught Drosophila simulans are reversed by flight exercise. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:49-64. [PMID: 33490883 PMCID: PMC7805546 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High saturated fat, sugar, and salt contents are a staple of a Western diet (WD), contributing to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and a plethora of other health risks. However, the combinatorial effects of these ingredients have not been fully evaluated. Here, using the wild-caught Drosophila simulans, we show that a diet enriched with saturated fat, sugar, and salt is more detrimental than each ingredient separately, resulting in a significantly decreased lifespan, locomotor activity, sleep, reproductive function, and mitochondrial function. These detrimental effects were more pronounced in female than in male flies. Adding regular flight exercise to flies on the WD markedly negated the adverse effects of a WD. At the molecular level, the WD significantly increased levels of triglycerides and caused mitochondrial dysfunction, while exercise counterbalanced these effects. Interestingly, fruit flies developed a preference for the WD after pre-exposure, which was averted by flight exercise. The results demonstrate that regular aerobic exercise can mitigate adverse dietary effects on fly mitochondrial function, physiology, and feeding behavior. Our data establish Drosophila simulans as a novel model of diet-exercise interaction that bears a strong similarity to the pathophysiology of obesity and eating disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Murashov
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA
| | - Elena S. Pak
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA
| | - Chien‐Te Lin
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA
| | - Ilya N. Boykov
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA
| | - Katherine A. Buddo
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA
| | - Jordan Mar
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Krishna M. Bhat
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Peter Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA
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Zhang J. The Promise of a Golden Era for Exploring the Frontiers of Aging, Metabolism and Redox Biology. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2020; 1:610406. [PMID: 36212526 PMCID: PMC9541140 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2020.610406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang X, Weidling I, Koppel S, Menta B, Perez Ortiz J, Kalani A, Wilkins HM, Swerdlow RH. Detection of mitochondria-pertinent components in exosomes. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:100-110. [PMID: 32980480 PMCID: PMC7669644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We screened cell line and plasma-derived exosomes for molecules that localize to mitochondria or that reflect mitochondrial integrity. SH-SY5Y cell-derived exosomes contained humanin, citrate synthase, and fibroblast growth factor 21 protein, and plasma-derived exosomes contained humanin, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1, and transcription factor A protein. Nuclear mitochondrial (NUMT) DNA complicated analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which otherwise suggested exosomes contain at most very low amounts of extended mtDNA sequences but likely contain degraded pieces of mtDNA. Cell and plasma-derived exosomes contained several mtDNA-derived mRNA sequences, including those for ND2, CO2, and humanin. These results can guide exosome-focused, mitochondria-pertinent biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ian Weidling
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Scott Koppel
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Blaise Menta
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Judit Perez Ortiz
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Yehualashet AS, Belachew TF, Kifle ZD, Abebe AM. Targeting Cardiac Metabolic Pathways: A Role in Ischemic Management. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:353-365. [PMID: 32982263 PMCID: PMC7501978 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s264130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the vast number of noncommunicable diseases encountered worldwide, cardiovascular diseases accounted for about 17.8 million deaths in 2017 and ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the single-largest cause of death in countries across all income groups. Because conventional medications are not without shortcomings and patients still refractory to these medications, scientific investigation is ongoing to advance the management of IHD, and shows a great promise for better treatment modalities, but additional research can warrant improvement in terms of the quality of life of patients. Metabolic modulation is one promising strategy for the treatment of IHD, because alterations in energy metabolism are involved in progression of the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to strengthen attention toward the use of metabolic modulators and to review the current level of knowledge on cardiac energy metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awgichew Shewasinad Yehualashet
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zemene Demelash Kifle
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Mamo Abebe
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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36
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Pritchard A, Tousif S, Wang Y, Hough K, Khan S, Strenkowski J, Chacko BK, Darley-Usmar VM, Deshane JS. Lung Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote M2 Macrophage Polarization. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051303. [PMID: 32456301 PMCID: PMC7290460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular cross-talk within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by exosomes is known to promote tumor progression. Tumor promoting macrophages with an M2 phenotype are suppressors of anti-tumor immunity. However, the impact of tumor-derived exosomes in modulating macrophage polarization in the lung TME is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated if lung tumor-derived exosomes alter transcriptional and bioenergetic signatures of M0 macrophages and polarize them to an M2 phenotype. The concentration of exosomes produced by p53 null H358 lung tumor cells was significantly reduced compared to A549 (p53 wild-type) lung tumor cells, consistent with p53-mediated regulation of exosome production. In co-culture studies, M0 macrophages internalized tumor-derived exosomes, and differentiated into M2 phenotype. Importantly, we demonstrate that tumor-derived exosomes enhance the oxygen consumption rate of macrophages, altering their bioenergetic state consistent with that of M2 macrophages. In vitro co-cultures of M0 macrophages with H358 exosomes demonstrated that exosome-induced M2 polarization may be p53 independent. Murine bone marrow cells and bone marrow-derived myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) co-cultured with lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-derived exosomes differentiated to M2 macrophages. Collectively, these studies provide evidence for a novel role for lung tumor-exosomes in M2 macrophage polarization, which then offers new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pritchard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Kenneth Hough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - John Strenkowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Balu K. Chacko
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (B.K.C.); (V.M.D.-U.)
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (B.K.C.); (V.M.D.-U.)
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (S.T.); (Y.W.); (K.H.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-996-2041
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Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:363-383. [PMID: 32231263 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2131] [Impact Index Per Article: 532.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Reactive oxygen species' (ROS) is an umbrella term for an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur as a normal attribute of aerobic life. Elevated formation of the different ROS leads to molecular damage, denoted as 'oxidative distress'. Here we focus on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as 'oxidative eustress'. Two species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide anion radical (O2·-), are key redox signalling agents generated under the control of growth factors and cytokines by more than 40 enzymes, prominently including NADPH oxidases and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H2O2 is the major agent signalling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulation and stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environment and stress. In addition, several other reactive species are involved in redox signalling, for instance nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxidized lipids. Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecular interactions of specific ROS molecules with specific targets in redox signalling pathways. Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of these oxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageing and cancer. In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular mass antioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiation and progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future of more refined redox medicine. This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and nuclear factor-κB, the role of trace elements such as selenium, the use of redox drugs and the modulation of environmental factors collectively known as the exposome (for example, nutrition, lifestyle and irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Smith MR, Chacko BK, Johnson MS, Benavides GA, Uppal K, Go YM, Jones DP, Darley-Usmar VM. A precision medicine approach to defining the impact of doxorubicin on the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome in human platelets. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101311. [PMID: 31546171 PMCID: PMC6812033 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive measures of the response of individual patients to cancer therapeutics is an emerging strategy in precision medicine. Platelets offer a potential dynamic marker for metabolism and bioenergetic responses in individual patients since they have active glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and can be easily isolated from a small blood sample. We have recently shown how the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome can be defined in platelets isolated from human subjects by measuring metabolites and bioenergetics in the same sample. In the present study, we used a model system to assess test the hypothesis that this interactome is modified by xenobiotics using exposure to the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) in individual donors. We found that unsupervised analysis of the metabolome showed clear differentiation between the control and Dox treated group. Dox treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in bioenergetic parameters with maximal respiration being most sensitive and this was associated with significant changes in over 166 features. A metabolome-wide association study of Dox was also conducted, and Dox was found to have associations with metabolites in the glycolytic and TCA cycle pathways. Lastly, network analysis showed the impact of Dox on the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome and revealed profound changes in the regulation of reserve capacity. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that platelets are a suitable platform to predict and monitor therapeutic efficacy as well as anticipate susceptibility to toxicity in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ryan Smith
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Balu K Chacko
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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