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Hu D, Cao Y, Cai C, Wang G, Zhou M, Peng L, Fan Y, Lai Q, Gao Z. Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:242-252. [PMID: 38767489 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202501000-00032/figure1/v/2024-05-14T021156Z/r/image-tiff Human brain development is a complex process, and animal models often have significant limitations. To address this, researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures, known as brain-like organoids, to more accurately model early human brain development and disease. To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development, in this study, we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture. This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation, resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system. This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development, including neuroepithelium derivation, neural progenitor cell production and maintenance, neuron differentiation and migration, and cortical layer patterning and formation, providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing. As a proof of concept, we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins. Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns, including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation. Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity, accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations. The convenience, flexibility, and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental, neurological, and neurotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyu Hu
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Cao
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Cai
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Fan
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Lai
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Schaefer HR, Flannery BM, Crosby L, Jones-Dominic OE, Punzalan C, Middleton K. A systematic review of adverse health effects associated with oral cadmium exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 134:105243. [PMID: 35981600 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientific data characterizing the adverse health effects associated with dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure were identified in order to make informed decisions about the most appropriate toxicological reference value (TRV) for use in assessing dietary Cd exposure. Several TRVs are available for Cd and regulatory organizations have used epidemiologic studies to derive these reference values; however, risk of bias (RoB) evaluations were not included in the assessments. We performed a systematic review by conducting a thorough literature search (through January 4, 2020). There were 1714 references identified by the search strings and 328 studies identified in regulatory assessments. After applying the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 208 studies (Human: 105, Animal: 103) were considered eligible for further review and data extraction. For the epidemiologic and animal studies, the critical effects identified for oral Cd exposure from the eligible studies were a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and renal tubular degeneration. A RoB analysis was completed for 49 studies (30 epidemiological and 19 animal) investigating these endpoints. The studies identified through the SR that were considered high quality and low RoB (2 human and 5 animal) can be used to characterize dose-response relationships and inform the derivation of a Cd TRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Schaefer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Brenna M Flannery
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Crosby
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Olivia E Jones-Dominic
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cecile Punzalan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Karlyn Middleton
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
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3
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Mohammadi S, Shafiee M, Faraji SN, Rezaeian M, Ghaffarian-Bahraman A. Contamination of breast milk with lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biometals 2022; 35:711-728. [PMID: 35575819 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is a complete food for the development of the newborn, but it can also be an important route for environmental pollutants transmission to the infants. This study was aimed to evaluate the status of heavy metals including lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the breast milk of Iranian mothers. The international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and the Persian electronic databases including Scientific Information Database, IranMedex and Magiran were examined to find relevant articles published until July 2021. A total of 23 studies examined the levels of toxic metals in Iranian breast milk samples. According to the findings, the pooled average concentrations (µg/L) of Pb, Cd, Hg and As were 25.61, 2.40, 1.29 and 1.16, respectively. The concentration of Hg and Pb in colostrum milk was more than twice of mature milk. The Hg mean concentration in the breast milk of mothers with at least one amalgam-filled tooth was approximately three times that of mothers without amalgam-filled teeth. Risk assessment analysis indicated that the intake of Pb and Hg by infants through breastfeeding can be considered a health concern in Iran. It seems necessary to reduce the Pb exposure of pregnant and lactating women in Iran. However, more extensive studies are needed to clarify the toxic metals' exposure status of infants through breast milk in other parts of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Mohammadi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Shafiee
- Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Nooreddin Faraji
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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4
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A scoping review of infant and children health effects associated with cadmium exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 131:105155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lane MKM, Garedew M, Deary EC, Coleman CN, Ahrens-Víquez MM, Erythropel HC, Zimmerman JB, Anastas PT. What to Expect When Expecting in Lab: A Review of Unique Risks and Resources for Pregnant Researchers in the Chemical Laboratory. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:163-198. [PMID: 35130693 PMCID: PMC8864617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Pregnancy presents a unique risk
to chemical researchers due to
their occupational exposures to chemical, equipment, and physical
hazards in chemical research laboratories across science, engineering,
and technology disciplines. Understanding “risk” as
a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, this review aims
to critically examine the state of the science for the risks and associated
recommendations (or lack thereof) for pregnant researchers in chemical
laboratories (labs). Commonly encountered hazards for pregnant lab
workers include chemical hazards (organic solvents, heavy metals,
engineered nanomaterials, and endocrine disruptors), radiation hazards
(ionizing radiation producing equipment and materials and nonionizing
radiation producing equipment), and other hazards related to the lab
environment (excessive noise, excessive heat, psychosocial stress,
strenuous physical work, and/or abnormal working hours). Lab relevant
doses and routes of exposure in the chemical lab environment along
with literature and governmental recommendations or resources for
exposure mitigation are critically assessed. The specific windows
of vulnerability based on stage of pregnancy are described for each
hazard, if available. Finally, policy gaps for further scientific
research are detailed to enhance future guidance to protect pregnant
lab workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate M Lane
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mahlet Garedew
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Emma C Deary
- Department of Anthropology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Cherish N Coleman
- Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48221, United States
| | - Melissa M Ahrens-Víquez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Hanno C Erythropel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Julie B Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Paul T Anastas
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
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Hussey MR, Suter MK, Mohanty AF, Enquobahrie DA. Placental cadmium, placental genetic variations, and birth size. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:8594-8602. [PMID: 34666587 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1989404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal cadmium (Cd) burden has been associated with offspring birth size measures, yet associations of placental Cd with birth size are less clear. Further, the role of genetics in these associations has not been examined. We investigated associations of placental Cd with birth size and placental genotypes. We also examined the potential role of placental genotypes as modifiers of placental Cd and birth size associations. METHODS Participants were 490 mother-child pairs from the Omega and Placenta Microarray studies based in Seattle, WA. Placental Cd was measured using Agilent 7500 ICP-MS. The birth size was characterized using birth weight (BW), ponderal index (PI), and head circumference (HC). Eleven placental single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to metal transport, growth regulation, endocrine response, and cell signaling were genotyped. Adjusted multivariable linear regression models were used to examine overall and sex-specific associations of placental Cd with birth size (BW, PI and HC), as well as associations of placental genotypes with placental Cd. Effect modification of placenta Cd and birth size associations by placental SNPs was examined using interaction terms and stratified analyses. RESULTS Mean maternal age was 33.6 years (SD = 4.4). Mean and median placental Cd levels were 4.0 ng/g tissue (SD = 2.7 ng/g tissue) and 3.6 ng/g (IQR 2.5 - 5.2 ng/g), respectively. Overall, compared with infants in the lowest quartile for placental Cd, infants in the second (ß = -102.8 g, 95% CI: -220.7, 15.1), third (ß = -83.2 g, 95% CI: -199.3, 32.9) and fourth (ß = -109.2 g, 95% CI: -225.4, 7.1) quartiles had lower BW, though associations were not statistically significant (all p-values > .05, trend p-value = .11). Among male infants, infants in the second (ß = -203.3 g, 95% CI: -379.7, -27.0) and fourth quartiles (ß = -198.3 g, 95% CI: -364.2, -32.5) had lower BW compared with those in the first quartiles (p-values < .05, trend p-value = .08). Similar relationships were not observed among female infants, though infant sex-placental Cd interaction terms were not significant. Similarly, male, but not female, infants had marginally significant positive associations between placental Cd and ponderal index (trend p-value = .06). The minor rs3811647 allele of the placental transferrin gene (NCBI Gene ID: 7018) was associated with an increase in Cd among all infants (p-value = .04). We did not find differences in associations of placental Cd with birth size markers among infants stratified by rs3811647 genotype. CONCLUSIONS Placental Cd was inversely associated with BW among male infants. The rs3811647 SNP of the transferrin gene was associated with placental Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hussey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan K Suter
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - April F Mohanty
- Informatics, Decision Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center (IDEAS), VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Inadera H, Takamori A, Matsumura K, Tsuchida A, Cui ZG, Hamazaki K, Tanaka T, Ito M, Kigawa M, Origasa H, Michikawa T, Nakayama SF, Isobe T, Takeuchi A, Sato T, Nitta H, Yamazaki S. Association of blood cadmium levels in pregnant women with infant birth size and small for gestational age infants: The Japan Environment and Children's study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110007. [PMID: 32768474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of an association between cadmium (Cd) and unfavorable birth outcomes. The effect of Cd exposure on anthropometric measures at birth or small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a large, nationwide Japanese cohort remains to be clarified. OBJECTIVES To analyze the association between maternal blood Cd levels at different sampling times and sex-dependent infant birth size, weight, body length, chest, and head circumferences, in addition to SGA. METHODS Data of 17,584 pregnant women in the Japan Environment and Children's Study were analyzed for anthropometric measurements. For SGA determination, 13,969 cases of vaginal delivery were analyzed after excluding infants born by cesarean section. Maternal blood Cd levels were categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4), and the Q1 was used as a reference. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for anthropometric measurements, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of maternal blood Cd levels with the risk of SGA. RESULTS Birth weight tended to decrease according to the increase in quartiles of blood Cd levels (15.63 g decrease [95% confidence level (CI): -33.26, 2.01] for Q4). The overall analysis revealed no decreases in body length and head and chest circumference, but subgroup analysis revealed that chest circumference tended to decrease according to the increase in quartiles in the female sex/third-trimester stratification (0.16 cm decrease [95% CI: -0.32, 0.00] for Q4). SGA risk was also higher and paralleled the increase in blood Cd levels associated with the female sex/third-trimester group (Odds Ratio 1.90 [95% CI: 1.23, 2.94] for Q4). CONCLUSION Our results provide further evidence of sex-specific health risks associated with Cd exposure in early life in a large Japanese pregnancy cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ayako Takamori
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsuchida
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanaka
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mika Kigawa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tosiya Sato
- Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Young JL, Cai L. Implications for prenatal cadmium exposure and adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115161. [PMID: 32721433 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a ubiquitous, non-essential metal that has earned a spot on the World Health Organizations top 10 chemicals of major public health concern. The mechanisms of cadmium-induced adverse health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, renal toxicity and cancer, are well studied in adults. However, the implications for early life exposures to low-level cadmium leading to increased risk of developing diseases in adulthood remains elusive. Epidemiological investigation of the long term implications of cadmium-associated adverse birth outcomes are limited and studies do not extend into adulthood. This review will summarize the literature on the non-lethal, adverse health effects associated with prenatal and early life exposure to cadmium and the implications of these exposures in the development of diseases later in life. In addition, this review will highlight possible mechanisms responsible for these outcomes as well as address the inconsistencies in the literature. More recent studies have addressed sex as a biological variable, showing prenatal cadmium exposure elicits sex-specific outcomes that would otherwise be masked by pooling male and female data. Furthermore, researchers have begun to investigate the role of prenatal and early life cadmium exposures in the development of diet-induced diseases with evidence of altered essential metal homeostasis as a likely mechanism for cadmium-enhanced, diet-induced diseases. Although novel experimental models are beginning to be established to study the association between prenatal cadmium exposure and adverse health outcomes in adulthood, the studies are few, highlighting a major need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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9
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Segal TR, Giudice LC. Before the beginning: environmental exposures and reproductive and obstetrical outcomes. Fertil Steril 2020; 112:613-621. [PMID: 31561863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing consensus that preconception exposure to environmental toxins can adversely affect fertility, pregnancy, and fetal development, which may persist into the neonatal and adult periods and potentially have multigenerational effects. Here we review current data on preconception and prenatal exposure to several chemicals, including heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, and air pollution, and their associated obstetrical and reproductive health effects. Reproductive endocrinologists and affiliated health care providers have a unique opportunity to counsel patients before they get pregnant to minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals with the goal to improve reproductive outcomes and assure a healthy lifestyle overall. We provide practical tools and some publicly available resources for reproductive health professionals to assess a patient's risks and ways to reduce chemical and air pollution exposures during the critical preconception and prenatal periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia R Segal
- Center for Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Center for Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, California
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10
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Khoshhali M, Rafiei N, Farajzadegan Z, Shoshtari-Yeganeh B, Kelishadi R. Maternal Exposure to Cadmium and Fetal Growth: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:9-19. [PMID: 31401745 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to review the epidemiological studies on the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure during pregnancy and neonatal anthropometric measures. Electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Collaboration was conducted till end of 2018. Pooled estimates were performed using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. A total of 22 studies included in the meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses on sample type (maternal urine, maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta), meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed to seek the sources of heterogeneity. In the random-effects meta-analysis of included studies, the pooled correlation coefficient between maternal exposure to Cd with birth weight was - 0.04 [95% CI (- 0.07, - 0.01), with birth length and head circumference as - 0.01 [95% CI (- 0.04, 0.02)] and - 0.02 [95% CI (- 0.06, 0.02)]. Our findings showed significant relationship between Cd exposure of pregnant women with low birth weight, but not with birth length and head circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Rafiei
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shoshtari-Yeganeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Rager JE, Bangma J, Carberry C, Chao A, Grossman J, Lu K, Manuck TA, Sobus JR, Szilagyi J, Fry RC. Review of the environmental prenatal exposome and its relationship to maternal and fetal health. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:1-12. [PMID: 32061676 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals comprise a major portion of the human exposome, with some shown to impact the health of susceptible populations, including pregnant women and developing fetuses. The placenta and cord blood serve as important biological windows into the maternal and fetal environments. In this article we review how environmental chemicals (defined here to include man-made chemicals [e.g., flame retardants, pesticides/herbicides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances], toxins, metals, and other xenobiotic compounds) contribute to the prenatal exposome and highlight future directions to advance this research field. Our findings from a survey of recent literature indicate the need to better understand the breadth of environmental chemicals that reach the placenta and cord blood, as well as the linkages between prenatal exposures, mechanisms of toxicity, and subsequent health outcomes. Research efforts tailored towards addressing these needs will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how environmental chemicals impact maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celeste Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alex Chao
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tracy A Manuck
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Li Y, Huang YS, He B, Liu R, Qu G, Yin Y, Shi J, Hu L, Jiang G. Cadmium-binding proteins in human blood plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109896. [PMID: 31704329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood is the transmission medium for metal contaminants to and from bodily organs; as such, it can provide useful and reliable information about their bio-kinetics as they're distributed throughout the body. Metals can interact with endogenous proteins present in the blood, and these metal-protein complexes often dictate the fates of the introduced metals. The aim of this study was to investigate cadmium-binding protein characteristics in normal human plasma. Cadmium-binding plasma proteins in two different groups: normal human plasma (n = 29), and normal paired maternal and fetal umbilical cord plasmas (n = 3), were analyzed. In order to detect cadmium-binding plasma proteins present in low concentrations, blood plasma samples were first depleted of their two most abundant proteins - albumin and immunoglobulin G. Both the crude and depleted plasma samples were analyzed using column gel electrophoresis in conjunction with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). One cadmium-binding protein was detected in 11 of 29 normal plasma samples and all three paired maternal and cord plasma samples. This protein was further identified as apolipoprotein A-I by high-resolution mass spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal cadmium-binding proteins in real human blood plasma, which is extremely critical to our understanding of cadmium transportation and accumulation in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yong-Shun Huang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Runzeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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13
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Environmental Exposures and Adverse Pregnancy-Related Outcomes. HEALTH IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Kumar S, Sharma A. Cadmium toxicity: effects on human reproduction and fertility. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:327-338. [PMID: 31129655 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal, an environmental toxicant, and toxic at a low concentration, and it has no known beneficial role in the human body. Its exposure induces various health impairments including hostile reproductive health. Objective The present review discusses the information on exposure to Cd and human reproductive health impairments including pregnancy or its outcome with respect to environmental and occupational exposure. Methods The present review provides current information on the reproductive toxic potential of Cd in humans. The data were collected using various websites and consulting books, reports, etc. We have included recent data which were published from 2000 onward in this review. Results Cd exposure affects human male reproductive organs/system and deteriorates spermatogenesis, semen quality especially sperm motility and hormonal synthesis/release. Based on experimental and human studies, it also impairs female reproduction and reproductive hormonal balance and affects menstrual cycles. Based on the literature, it might be concluded that exposure to Cd at low doses has adverse effects on both human male and female reproduction and affects pregnancy or its outcome. Further, maternal prenatal Cd exposure might have a differential effect on male and female offspring especially affecting more female offspring. Hence, efforts must be made to prevent exposure to Cd. Conclusion Cd affects both male and female reproduction, impairs hormone synthesis/regulation and deteriorates pregnancy rate or its outcome even at lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Retd, Former, Director-in-Charge, Scientist 'G', NIOH, A-10, Radhey Kunj Apartment, B/H Circuit House, Shahi Baugh, Ahmedabad, 380004, India
- ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - Anupama Sharma
- ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
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15
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Barn P, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Boldbaatar B, Beejin B, Naidan G, Galsuren J, Legtseg B, Byambaa T, Hutcheon JA, Janes C, Janssen PA, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Takaro TK, Venners SA, Webster GM, Palmer CD, Parsons PJ, Allen RW. Coal smoke, gestational cadmium exposure, and fetal growth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108830. [PMID: 31678728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational cadmium exposure may impair fetal growth. Coal smoke has largely been unexplored as a source of cadmium exposure. We investigated the relationship between gestational cadmium exposure and fetal growth, and assessed coal smoke as a potential source of airborne cadmium, among non-smoking pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, where coal combustion in home heating stoves is a major source of outdoor and indoor air pollution. METHODS This observational study was nested within the Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research (UGAAR) study, a randomized controlled trial of portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaner use during pregnancy, fetal growth, and early childhood development. We measured third trimester blood cadmium concentrations in 374 out of 465 participants who had a live birth. We used multiple linear and logistic regression to assess the relationships between log2-transformed maternal blood cadmium concentrations and birth weight, length, head circumference, ponderal index, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth in crude and adjusted models. We also evaluated the relationships between log2-transformed blood cadmium concentrations and the density of coal-burning stoves within 5000 m of each participant's apartment as a proxy of coal smoke emissions from home heating stoves. RESULTS The median (25th,75th percentile) blood cadmium concentration was 0.20 (0.15, 0.29) μg/L. A doubling of blood cadmium was associated with a 95 g (95% CI: 34, 155 g) reduction in birth weight in adjusted models. An interquartile range increase in coal stove density (from 3.4 to 4.9 gers/hectare) surrounding participants' apartments was associated with a 12.2% (95% CI: 0.3, 25.6%) increase in blood cadmium concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Gestational cadmium exposure was associated with reduced birth weight. In settings where coal is a widely used fuel, cadmium may play a role in the putative association between air pollution and impaired fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabjit Barn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Enkhjargal Gombojav
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Chimedsuren Ochir
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Buyantushig Boldbaatar
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Bolor Beejin
- Ministry of Health of Mongolia, Olympic Street-2, Government Building VIII, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gerel Naidan
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Galsuren
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Bayarkhuu Legtseg
- Sukhbaatar District Health Center, 11 Horoo, Tsagdaagiin Gudamj, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tsogtbaatar Byambaa
- Ministry of Health of Mongolia, Olympic Street-2, Government Building VIII, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, V6H 2N1, Canada
| | - Craig Janes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patricia A Janssen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lawrence C McCandless
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Glenys M Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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16
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Xu P, Guo H, Wang H, Lee SC, Liu M, Pan Y, Zheng J, Zheng K, Wang H, Xie Y, Bai X, Liu Y, Zhao M, Wang L. Downregulations of placental fatty acid transporters during cadmium-induced fetal growth restriction. Toxicology 2019; 423:112-122. [PMID: 31152847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the environmental pollutants, which has multiple toxic effects on fetuses and placentas. Placental fatty acid (FA) uptake and transport are critical for the fetal and placental development. We aimed to analyze the triglyceride (TG) level, the expression patterns of several key genes involved in FA uptake and transport, and the molecular mechanisms for the altered gene expressions in placentas in response to Cd treatment. Our results showed that the placental TG level was significantly decreased in the Cd-exposed placentas. Fatty acid transporting protein 1 (FATP1), FATP6 and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) were significantly down-regulated in the placentas from Cd-exposed mice. The expression level of phospho-p38 MAPK was increased by Cd treatment, while the protein level of total p38 MAPK remained unchanged. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were significantly decreased in the Cd-exposed placentas. The methylation levels of the promoter regions of FATP1, FATP6 and FABP3 showed no significant differences between the treatment and control groups. In addition, the circulating non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), total cholesterol (TC), and TG levels were not decreased in the maternal serum from the Cd-exposed mice. Therefore, our results suggest Cd exposure dose not reduce the maternal FA supply, but reduces the placental TG level. Cd treatment also downregulates the placental expressions of FATP1, FATP6 and FABP3, respectively associated with p38-MAPK, p38 MAPK/PPAR-γ and HIF-1α pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Huiqin Guo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yongliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function Examination, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Special Ward, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yuxin Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Bai
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201300, China.
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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17
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Iwai-Shimada M, Kameo S, Nakai K, Yaginuma-Sakurai K, Tatsuta N, Kurokawa N, Nakayama SF, Satoh H. Exposure profile of mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, copper, selenium and zinc in maternal blood, cord blood and placenta: the Tohoku Study of Child Development in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:35. [PMID: 31101007 PMCID: PMC6525413 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of prenatal exposure to toxic elements on birth outcomes and child development have been an area of concern. This study aimed to assess the profile of prenatal exposure to toxic elements, arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), mercury (total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MHg), inorganic mercury (IHg)), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn), and essential trace elements, copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), using the maternal blood, cord blood and placenta in the Tohoku Study of Child Development of Japan (N = 594-650). METHODS Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of these elements (except mercury). Levels of THg and MeHg were measured using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector, respectively. RESULTS Median concentrations (25th-75th) of As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn and THg in the maternal blood were 4.06 (2.68-6.81), 1.18 (0.74-1.79), 10.8 (8.65-13.5), 0.2 (0.06-0.40) and 0.2 (0.1-0.38) ng mL-1 and 5.42 (3.89-7.59) ng g-1, respectively. Median concentrations (25th-75th) of As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn and THg in the cord blood were 3.68 (2.58-5.25), 0.53 (0.10-1.25), 9.89 (8.02-12.5), 0.39 (0.06-0.92) and 0.2 (0.2-0.38) ng mL-1 and 9.96 (7.05-13.8) ng g-1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS THg and Sb levels in the cord blood were twofold higher than those in the maternal blood. Cord blood to maternal blood ratios for As, Cd and Sb widely varied between individuals. To understand the effects of prenatal exposure, further research regarding the variations of placental transfer of elements is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Koshien University, Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kozue Yaginuma-Sakurai
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Shokei Gakuin University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Skalny AV, Tinkov AA, Bohan TG, Shabalovskaya MB, Terekhina O, Leshchinskaia SB, Agarkova LA, Notova SV, Skalnaya MG, Kovas Y. Toxicological and nutritional status of trace elements in hair of women with in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy and their 9-month-old children. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:50-56. [PMID: 30316928 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess toxic and nutritional trace element and mineral status in hair of women with IVF pregnancy and their children. Inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry was used to assess hair trace element levels of 50 women with IVF pregnancy and 158 controls with spontaneous pregnancy and their children. Women with IVF pregnancy were characterized by significantly elevated hair As, Hg, Li, K, Na, and reduced Fe, Si, and Zn contents. Children from IVF pregnancy had significantly lower values of hair Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, and Al content when compared to the control values, whereas hair Hg and Mo levels were higher. Hair trace element levels were associated with pregnancy complications and infertility, but not newborn characteristics. The results suggest the need for preconceptional monitoring and correction of the levels of toxic and essential elements in women in order to improve the course pregnancy and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; RUDN University, Moscow, Russia; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Bohan
- Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina B Shabalovskaya
- Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Terekhina
- Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana B Leshchinskaia
- Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov A Agarkova
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Notova
- Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - Yulia Kovas
- Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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19
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Barn P, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Laagan B, Beejin B, Naidan G, Boldbaatar B, Galsuren J, Byambaa T, Janes C, Janssen PA, Lanphear BP, Takaro TK, Venners SA, Webster GM, Yuchi W, Palmer CD, Parsons PJ, Roh YM, Allen RW. The effect of portable HEPA filter air cleaners on indoor PM 2.5 concentrations and second hand tobacco smoke exposure among pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:1379-1389. [PMID: 29751442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portable HEPA filter air cleaners can reduce indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), but their use has not been adequately evaluated in high pollution settings. We assessed air cleaner effectiveness in reducing indoor residential PM2.5 and second hand smoke (SHS) exposures among non-smoking pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. METHODS We randomized 540 participants to an intervention group receiving 1 or 2 HEPA filter air cleaners or a control group receiving no air cleaners. We followed 259 intervention and 253 control participants to the end of pregnancy. We measured one-week indoor residential PM2.5 concentrations in early (~11weeks gestation) and late (~31weeks gestation) pregnancy and collected outdoor PM2.5 data from centrally-located government monitors. We assessed blood cadmium in late pregnancy. Hair nicotine was quantified in a subset (n=125) to evaluate blood cadmium as a biomarker of SHS exposure. We evaluated air cleaner effectiveness using mixed effects and multiple linear regression models and used stratified models and interaction terms to evaluate potential modifiers of effectiveness. RESULTS The overall geometric mean (GM) one-week outdoor PM2.5 concentration was 47.9μg/m3 (95% CI: 44.6, 51.6μg/m3), with highest concentrations in winter (118.0μg/m3; 110.4, 126.2μg/m3). One-week indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were correlated (r=0.69). Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were 29% (21, 37%) lower in intervention versus control apartments, with GMs of 17.3μg/m3 (15.8, 18.8μg/m3) and 24.5μg/m3 (22.2, 27.0μg/m3), respectively. Air cleaner effectiveness was greater when air cleaners were first deployed (40%; 31, 48%) than after approximately five months of use (15%; 0, 27%). Blood cadmium concentrations were 14% (4, 23%) lower among intervention participants, likely due to reduced SHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Portable HEPA filter air cleaners can lower indoor PM2.5 concentrations and SHS exposures in highly polluted settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabjit Barn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Enkhjargal Gombojav
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.
| | - Chimedsuren Ochir
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.
| | - Bayarkhuu Laagan
- Sukhbaatar District Health Center, 11 Horoo, Tsagdaagiin Gudamj, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bolor Beejin
- Mongolian National Center for Public Health, Olympic Street 2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Gerel Naidan
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Buyantushig Boldbaatar
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Galsuren
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Tsogtbaatar Byambaa
- Mongolian National Center for Public Health, Olympic Street 2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Craig Janes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Patricia A Janssen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Glenys M Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Weiran Yuchi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Young Man Roh
- College of Health Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
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20
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Zhou C, Zhang R, Cai X, Xiao R, Yu H. Trace elements profiles of maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and placenta in Beijing, China. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:1755-1761. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1416602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Cai
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Huang K, Li H, Zhang B, Zheng T, Li Y, Zhou A, Du X, Pan X, Yang J, Wu C, Jiang M, Peng Y, Huang Z, Xia W, Xu S. Prenatal cadmium exposure and preterm low birth weight in China. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:491-496. [PMID: 27436694 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Early studies have investigated the effect of prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure on birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, although the results of these studies are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to Cd and the risk of preterm low birth weight (PLBW). A total of 408 mother-infant pairs (102 PLBW cases and 306 pair matched controls) were selected from the participants enrolled in the Healthy Baby Cohort (HBC) study between 2012 and 2014 in Hubei province, China. Concentrations of Cd in maternal urine collected before delivery were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and adjusted by creatinine. A significant association was observed between higher maternal urinary Cd levels and risk of PLBW (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.75 for the medium tertile, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 3.47; adjusted OR=2.51 for the highest tertile, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.07; P trend=0.03). The association was more pronounced among female infants than male infants. Our study suggested that prenatal exposure to Cd at the current level encountered in China may potentially increase the risk of delivering PLBW infants, particularly for female infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown Universtiy, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofu Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection (HUST) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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22
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Xu P, Wu Z, Yang W, Wang L. Dysregulation of DNA methylation and expression of imprinted genes in mouse placentas of fetal growth restriction induced by maternal cadmium exposure. Toxicology 2017; 390:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Ljungvall K, Magnusson U, Korvela M, Norrby M, Bergquist J, Persson S. Heavy metal concentrations in female wild mink (Neovison vison) in Sweden: Sources of variation and associations with internal organ weights. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2030-2035. [PMID: 28000953 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The American mink is an invasive species in Sweden, and it is legally hunted all year. Therefore, the mink is well suited as a sentinel species for environmental monitoring. In the present study female mink (n = 91) from 6 different areas in Sweden were analyzed for the concentrations of silver, cadmium, mercury and lead in liver tissue using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The wet concentrations in liver tissue were 42.6 ± 52.7 ng/g for silver, 99.5 ± 100 ng/g for cadmium, 652 ± 537 ng/g for mercury, and 196 ± 401 ng/g for lead (expressed as mean ± standard deviation). There were associations between the sample area and the concentrations of silver, lead, and mercury. The concentrations of lead and cadmium varied with season of capture and lead, cadmium, and mercury were positively associated with increasing age. Relative liver weight was positively associated with concentrations of mercury and negatively associated with lead and cadmium. Relative kidney weight was negatively associated with lead concentrations. In summary, it is of importance to take age and season of capture into account when assessing levels of heavy metals in wild mink. Also, liver and kidneys seem to be potential targets for heavy metal toxicity in wild female mink in Sweden. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2030-2035. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Korvela
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Norrby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Persson
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Luo Y, McCullough LE, Tzeng JY, Darrah T, Vengosh A, Maguire RL, Maity A, Samuel-Hodge C, Murphy SK, Mendez MA, Hoyo C. Maternal blood cadmium, lead and arsenic levels, nutrient combinations, and offspring birthweight. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:354. [PMID: 28438148 PMCID: PMC5402649 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are common environmental contaminants that have been associated with lower birthweight. Although some essential metals may mitigate exposure, data are inconsistent. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between toxic metals, nutrient combinations and birthweight among 275 mother-child pairs. Methods Non-essential metals, Cd, Pb, As, and essential metals, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) were measured in maternal whole blood obtained during the first trimester using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Folate concentrations were measured by microbial assay. Birthweight was obtained from medical records. We used quantile regression to evaluate the association between toxic metals and nutrients due to their underlying wedge-shaped relationship. Ordinary linear regression was used to evaluate associations between birth weight and toxic metals. Results After multivariate adjustment, the negative association between Pb or Cd and a combination of Fe, Se, Ca and folate was robust, persistent and dose-dependent (p < 0.05). However, a combination of Zn, Cu, Mn and Mg was positively associated with Pb and Cd levels. While prenatal blood Cd and Pb were also associated with lower birthweight. Fe, Se, Ca and folate did not modify these associations. Conclusion Small sample size and cross-sectional design notwithstanding, the robust and persistent negative associations between some, but not all, nutrient combinations with these ubiquitous environmental contaminants suggest that only some recommended nutrient combinations may mitigate toxic metal exposure in chronically exposed populations. Larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4225-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Luo
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Jung-Ying Tzeng
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Statistics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Thomas Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27533, USA
| | - Arnab Maity
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27533, USA.
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25
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Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, Vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 68:3-33. [PMID: 27760374 PMCID: PMC5365353 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- University of California, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Mathew Cave
- University of Louisville, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Louisville KY, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle A Mendez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paola Palanza
- University of Parma, Department of Neurosciences, Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy
| | - Robert Sargis
- University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- University of Missouri, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
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26
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Guo J, Wu C, Qi X, Jiang S, Liu Q, Zhang J, Cao Y, Chang X, Zhou Z. Adverse associations between maternal and neonatal cadmium exposure and birth outcomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:581-587. [PMID: 27614860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of low-level cadmium (Cd) exposure during early life on fetal growth remain unclear. Our aim was to evaluate whether Cd exposure in maternal urine and umbilical cord blood was associated with birth size parameters. A birth cohort study including 1073 mother-newborn pairs was conducted from 2009 to 2010 in an agricultural population in China. Cd concentrations were analyzed in both cord blood and maternal urine. Generalized linear models were performed to determine associations between maternal and neonatal exposure to Cd and birth indicators, including birth weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index. The median (25th to 75th percentile) value of Cd concentration in maternal urine and umbilical cord blood was 0.19 (0.08, 1.00) μg/L and 0.40 (<LOD~0.62) μg/L, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, Cd concentration in cord blood was significantly negatively associated with ponderal index at birth [β=-0.06g/cm3, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.11, -0.02; p<0.01]. Considering sex difference, significant reduction in ponderal index was only observed in males (β=-0.06g/cm3, 95%CI: -0.11, -0.02; p<0.01), but not in females (β=-0.03g/cm3, 95%CI: -0.07, 0.01; p=0.18) (p for interaction term=0.24). Additionally, no significant associations were observed between maternal urinary Cd levels and birth outcomes. Our findings suggest that adverse effects of neonatal exposure to Cd on fetal growth are of considerable public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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27
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Dodd-Butera T, Quintana PJE, Ramirez-Zetina M, Batista-Castro AC, Sierra MM, Shaputnic C, Garcia-Castillo M, Ingmanson S, Hull S. Placental biomarkers of PAH exposure and glutathione-S-transferase biotransformation enzymes in an obstetric population from Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:360-368. [PMID: 27567517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures along the US-Mexico border have the potential to adversely affect the maternal-fetal environment. The purpose of this study was to assess placental biomarkers of environmental exposures in an obstetric population at the California-Baja California border in relation to detoxifying enzymes in the placenta and nutritional status. This study was conducted on consenting, full-term, obstetric patients (n=54), delivering in a hospital in Tijuana, Baja California (BC), Mexico. Placental polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts were measured in addition to placental glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and genotype, maternal serum folate, and maternal and umbilical cord blood lead and cadmium levels. A questionnaire was administered to the mothers to determine maternal occupation in a maquiladora, other exposures, and obstetric indicators. In univariate analysis, maternal serum folate levels were inversely correlated with total PAH-DNA adducts (rho=-0.375, p=0.007); adduct #1 (rho=-0.388, p=0.005); and adduct #3 (rho =-0.430, p=0.002). Maternal lead levels were significantly positively correlated with cord blood lead levels (rho=0.512, p<0.001). Cadmium levels were generally very low but significantly higher in mothers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (either at work or at home, n=10). In multivariate analysis, only maternal serum folate levels remained as a significant negative predictor of total DNA-PAH adducts levels in placenta. These findings affirm that placental tissue is a valuable and readily available source of human tissue for biomonitoring; and indicate that further study of the role of nutrition in detoxification and mitigation of environmental exposures in pregnant women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Dodd-Butera
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Nursing, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA; San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA; Union Institute & University, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | | | - Ana C Batista-Castro
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Tijuana, BC, Mexico; Hospital General de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - Maria M Sierra
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Carolyn Shaputnic
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego, Western FASD Practice and Implementation Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology-Teratology, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Maura Garcia-Castillo
- Xochicalco Universidad Escuela de Medicina, BC, Mexico; Institute for Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Sonja Ingmanson
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Stacy Hull
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
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28
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Olszowski T, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Rębacz-Maron E, Gutowska I, Jamioł D, Prokopowicz A, Goschorska M, Chlubek D. Cadmium Concentration in Mother's Blood, Milk, and Newborn's Blood and Its Correlation with Fatty Acids, Anthropometric Characteristics, and Mother's Smoking Status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:8-20. [PMID: 27040674 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine cadmium concentration in mothers' blood, milk, and newborns' blood from Szczecin (Poland) as a result of environmental cadmium exposure and evaluate the correlation (1) between cadmium levels in analyzed matrices, (2) between cadmium and fatty acids in those matrices, and (3) between cadmium and some selected personal variables, such as anthropometric characteristics, mothers' smoking status, and fruit and fish consumption by mothers. The concentration of cadmium in whole blood and milk of mothers and in the umbilical cord blood of newborns was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace atomization and Zeeman correction. The fatty acid concentrations were determined by gas chromatography in our previous study. The mean concentrations of cadmium in maternal blood, newborn's blood, and breast milk were 0.61 ± 0.62 μg/L, 0.05 ± 0.04 μg/L, and 0.11 ± 0.07 μg/L, respectively, and differed significantly between analyzed matrices. Cadmium concentrations in the umbilical cord blood were 15 % (range 0-83 %) of the concentration in maternal blood, whereas cadmium concentrations in breast milk constituted 35 % (range 3-142 %) of the concentration in mothers' blood. No correlation was found between cadmium levels in three analyzed matrices. The correlation analysis revealed significant low positive correlation between maternal blood cadmium concentrations and concentrations of elaidic, oleic, and cis-vaccenic acids in mothers' milk (correlation coefficients 0.30, 0.32, and 0.31, respectively). Mothers' blood cadmium correlated with mothers' age (r = -0.26, p = 0.03), maternal smoking before pregnancy (r = 0.55, p < 0.000), maternal smoking during pregnancy (r = 0.58, p < 0.000), and fruit consumption by mothers after delivery (r = -0.44, p = 0.003). Mothers' height was the only variable that correlated significantly with breast milk cadmium levels. Newborns' blood cadmium concentrations correlated significantly with mothers' height (r = 0.28, p = 0.02), newborns' birth weight (r = 0.26, p = 0.03), maternal smoking during pregnancy (r = 0.24, p = 0.048), and fish consumption by mothers after delivery (r = 0.37, p = 0.02). The concentrations of cadmium in Polish mother-newborn pairs are among the lowest in Europe and within the norms established by different institutions. The results of our study confirm the existence of effective partial barriers (such as the placenta and mammary gland) restricting cadmium passage from mother to newborn. The significant positive correlations between maternal blood Cd and concentrations of oleic, elaidic, and cis-vaccenic acids in breast milk might suggest the increased cadmium toxicity to infant, taking into consideration even low cadmium passage to milk. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases both maternal and newborn's blood cadmium level. Promotion of nonsmoking among pregnant women could substantially reduce prenatal and neonatal exposure to cadmium. Moreover, the results of our study point to the need of establishing complex biomonitoring of cadmium in mother-infant pairs in order to better protect children from this toxic and carcinogenic metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 Str., 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Jamioł
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Kościelna 13 Str., 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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29
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Epigenetic regulation of placental glucose transporters mediates maternal cadmium-induced fetal growth restriction. Toxicology 2016; 372:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Callan AC, Hinwood AL, Heyworth J, Phi DT, Odland JØ. Sex specific influence on the relationship between maternal exposures to persistent chemicals and birth outcomes. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:734-741. [PMID: 27720132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to persistent pollutants has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, although few studies have investigated the influence of the sex of the infant. Sex specific differences have been associated with neurobehavioural impacts from environmental exposures with limited and contrary findings in relation to persistent pollutants. This study investigated the relationships between maternal exposure to a range of metals, polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides measured in biological samples and birth outcomes with a specific focus on the sex of the infant. Outcome measures used included birth weight, birth length and head circumference, proportion of optimal birth weight (POBW), proportion of optimal birth length, proportion of optimal head circumference (POHC) and ponderal index. In general maternal urinary and blood metals, plasma polychlorinated biphenyl and pesticide concentrations were low. In adjusted regression models, a ln-unit increase in plasma β-hexachlorocyclohexane concentrations was associated with decreased birth weight (-76g, 95% CI -149, -33), ponderal index (-0.048, 95% CI 0.102, 0.007) and proportion of optimal birth weight (-1.5%, 95% CI -3.6, 0.5) in the whole study population, with stronger associations observed for male infants. Maternal p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene concentrations were associated with reduced ponderal index in male infants (β=-0.171, 95% CI -0.269, -0.074). A ln-unit increase in plasma hexachlorobenzene concentrations was associated with a 5% increase in POBW in male infants (95% CI 0.67, 9.5). Increased urinary barium was associated with increased birth length and POBL and decreased ponderal index in boys. Conversely, urinary concentrations of caesium and rubidium were found to be associated with decreased foetal growth in female infants. This study supports the growing body of evidence regarding the reductions in foetal growth associated with β-hexachlorocyclohexane and p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene as well as reporting new relationships between metals exposures and birth outcomes. The finding that maternal exposure to barium, strontium, rubidium and caesium was associated with birth outcomes requires confirmation in larger studies. Similarly the apparent differences in susceptibility based on sex of the infant requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carita Callan
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Andrea Lee Hinwood
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jon Ø Odland
- Department of Community Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Yang J, Huo W, Zhang B, Zheng T, Li Y, Pan X, Liu W, Chang H, Jiang M, Zhou A, Qian Z, Wan Y, Xia W, Xu S. Maternal urinary cadmium concentrations in relation to preterm birth in the Healthy Baby Cohort Study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:300-306. [PMID: 27289180 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, but the findings of previous studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between prenatal Cd exposure and birth outcomes. METHODS This study was conducted in 5364 pregnant women with a live singleton birth, who were recruited between September 2012 and October 2014 in the Healthy Baby Cohort (HBC) in Wuhan, China. Gestational age (in days) was estimated using both the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) and ultrasound data. All the birth outcomes including birth weight and birth length were measured in the hospital within one hour after birth through standardized procedures. Cd was measured in maternal urine collected before delivery with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The geometric mean of Cd concentration in maternal urine was 0.55 (range 0.01-2.85) μg/g creatinine. We found each ln-unit increase in Cd concentration (μg/g creatinine) in maternal urine was associated with decreased gestational age [adjusted β=-0.77day; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.15, -0.39 for all infants; -0.77; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.25 for boys; and -0.80; 95% CI: -1.35, -0.25 for girls]. Increased likelihood of preterm birth (PTB) was associated with ln-unit increase in urinary Cd (μg/g creatinine) [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.78; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.19 for all infants; 1.97; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.65 for boys; and 1.67; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.25 for girls]. Maternal urinary Cd was not significantly associated with low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to Cd during pregnancy was associated with decreased gestational age and increased likelihood of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huailong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Romano ME, Enquobahrie DA, Simpson C, Checkoway H, Williams MA. Maternal body burden of cadmium and offspring size at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:461-8. [PMID: 26970900 PMCID: PMC4866807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests an inverse association between cadmium (Cd) and size at birth, potentially greatest among female neonates. We evaluated whether greater maternal body burden of Cd is associated with reduced neonatal anthropometry (birthweight, birth length, head circumference, and ponderal index) and assessed whether these associations differ by infant sex. The analytic sample for the present study (n=396) was derived from a subcohort of 750 women randomly drawn from among all participants (N=4344) in the Omega Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Creatinine-corrected Cd in maternal clean-catch spot urine samples (U-Cd) was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Continuous log2-transformed Cd (log2-Cd) and U-Cd tertiles (low<0.29μg/g creatinine, middle 0.29-0.42μg/g creatinine, high≥0.43μg/g creatinine) were used in multivariable linear regression models. Females had reduced birth length with greater U-Cd tertile, whereas males birth length marginally increased [β(95% CI) females: low=reference, middle=-0.59cm (-1.37, 0.19), high=-0.83cm (-1.69, 0.02), p-trend=0.08; males: low=reference, middle=0.18cm (-0.59, 0.95), high=0.78cm (-0.04, 1.60), p-trend=0.07; p for interaction=0.03]. The log2-Cd by infant sex interaction was statistically significant for ponderal index [p=0.003; β(95% CI): female=0.25kg/m(3) (-0.20, 0.70); male=-0.63kg/m(3) (-1.01, -0.24)] and birth length [p<0.001; β(95% CI): female=-0.47cm (-0.74, -0.20), male=0.32cm (0.00, 0.65)]. Our findings suggest potential sex-specific reversal of Cd's associations on birth length and contribute to the evidence suggesting Cd impairs fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harvey Checkoway
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Vilahur N, Vahter M, Broberg K. The Epigenetic Effects of Prenatal Cadmium Exposure. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 2:195-203. [PMID: 25960943 PMCID: PMC4417128 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-015-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to the highly toxic and common pollutant cadmium has been associated with adverse effects on child health and development. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of cadmium toxicity remain partially unsolved. Epigenetic disruption due to early cadmium exposure has gained attention as a plausible mode of action, since epigenetic signatures respond to environmental stimuli and the fetus undergoes drastic epigenomic rearrangements during embryogenesis. In the current review, we provide a critical examination of the literature addressing prenatal cadmium exposure and epigenetic effects in human, animal, and in vitro studies. We conducted a PubMed search and obtained eight recent studies addressing this topic, focusing almost exclusively on DNA methylation. These studies provide evidence that cadmium alters epigenetic signatures in the DNA of the placenta and of the newborns, and some studies indicated marked sexual differences for cadmium-related DNA methylation changes. Associations between early cadmium exposure and DNA methylation might reflect interference with de novo DNA methyltransferases. More studies, especially those including environmentally relevant doses, are needed to confirm the toxicoepigenomic effects of prenatal cadmium exposure and how that relates to the observed health effects of cadmium in childhood and later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Vilahur
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Perinatal and Childhood Exposure to Cadmium, Manganese, and Metal Mixtures and Effects on Cognition and Behavior: A Review of Recent Literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 2:284-94. [PMID: 26231505 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-015-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) neurotoxicity is well established. In recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that environmental exposure to other metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn) and their mixtures also poses public health threats. In this paper, we summarize the recent literature examining the relationship of prenatal and childhood environmental metal exposures with cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children. We conducted a literature search to identify epidemiologic studies that examined the relationship of Cd, Mn, and metal mixtures with children's neurodevelopmental/cognitive and behavioral outcomes. We restricted the search to peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2009 and March 2015. We identified a total of 31 articles of which 16, 17, and 16 studies examined the effects of Cd, Mn, or metal mixtures, respectively. Based on our review, there is suggestive evidence that prenatal/childhood Cd exposure may be associated with poorer cognition, but additional research is clearly needed. We found little evidence of behavioral effects of early life Cd exposure, and no studies found a significant relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Studies of early life Mn exposure consistently reported negative impacts on both cognition and behavior. There is also growing evidence that co-exposure to multiple metals can result in increased neurotoxicity compared to single-metal exposure, in particular during early life. Few studies have evaluated behavioral effects related to metal co-exposure.
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Nye MD, King KE, Darrah TH, Maguire R, Jima DD, Huang Z, Mendez MA, Fry RC, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. Maternal blood lead concentrations, DNA methylation of MEG3 DMR regulating the DLK1/MEG3 imprinted domain and early growth in a multiethnic cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvv009. [PMID: 28123784 PMCID: PMC5258134 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) is known to decrease fetal growth; but its effects on postnatal growth and mechanistic insights linking Pb to growth are not clearly defined. Genomically imprinted genes are powerful regulators of growth and energy utilization, and may be particularly vulnerable to environmental Pb exposure. Because imprinting is established early and maintained via DNA methylation, we hypothesized that prenatal Pb exposure alters DNA methylation of imprinted genes resulting in lower birth weight and rapid growth. Pb was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in peripheral blood of 321 women of the Newborn Epigenetic STudy (NEST) obtained at gestation ~12 weeks. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between maternal Pb levels, methylation of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) regulating H19, MEG3, PEG3, and PLAGL1, measured by pyrosequencing, birth weight, and weight-for-height z score gains between birth and age 1yr, ages 1-2yrs, and 2-3yrs. Children born to women with Pb levels in the upper tertile had higher methylation of the regulatory region of the MEG3 DMR imprinted domain (β= 1.57, se= 0.82, p= 0.06). Pb levels were also associated with lower birth weight (β= -0.41, se= 0.15, p= 0.01) and rapid gains in adiposity (OR= 12.32, 95%CI=1.25-121.30, p= 0.03) by age 2-3 years. These data provide early human evidence for Pb associations with hypermethylation at the MEG3 DMR regulatory region and rapid adiposity gain-a risk factor for childhood obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D. Nye
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine E. King
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas H. Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rachel Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dereje D. Jima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michelle A. Mendez
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health Fellow, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2101G McGavran-Greenberg Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Randy L. Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Randy L. Jirtle,
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-045X
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Susan K. Murphy,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8298-7272
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- *Correspondence address. Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. E-mail:
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Zheng T, Zhang J, Sommer K, Bassig BA, Zhang X, Braun J, Xu S, Boyle P, Zhang B, Shi K, Buka S, Liu S, Li Y, Qian Z, Dai M, Romano M, Zou A, Kelsey K. Effects of Environmental Exposures on Fetal and Childhood Growth Trajectories. Ann Glob Health 2016; 82:41-99. [PMID: 27325067 PMCID: PMC5967632 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed fetal growth and adverse birth outcomes are some of the greatest public health threats to this generation of children worldwide because these conditions are major determinants of mortality, morbidity, and disability in infancy and childhood and are also associated with diseases in adult life. A number of studies have investigated the impacts of a range of environmental conditions during pregnancy (including air pollution, endocrine disruptors, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals) on fetal and child development. The results, while provocative, have been largely inconsistent. This review summarizes up to date epidemiologic studies linking major environmental pollutants to fetal and child development and suggested future directions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | | | - Bryan A Bassig
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xichi Zhang
- George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jospeh Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Shuangqing Xu
- Tongji School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Bin Zhang
- Wuhan Medical & Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kunchong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Stephen Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Tongji School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zengmin Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Min Dai
- China National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Megan Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Aifen Zou
- Wuhan Medical & Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Karl Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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King KE, Darrah TH, Money E, Meentemeyer R, Maguire RL, Nye MD, Michener L, Murtha AP, Jirtle R, Murphy SK, Mendez MA, Robarge W, Vengosh A, Hoyo C. Geographic clustering of elevated blood heavy metal levels in pregnant women. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1035. [PMID: 26449855 PMCID: PMC4599656 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) exposure is ubiquitous and has been associated with higher risk of growth restriction and cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, cost-efficient strategies to identify at-risk populations and potential sources of exposure to inform mitigation efforts are limited. The objective of this study was to describe the spatial distribution and identify factors associated with Cd, Pb, Hg, and As concentrations in peripheral blood of pregnant women. Methods Heavy metals were measured in whole peripheral blood of 310 pregnant women obtained at gestational age ~12 weeks. Prenatal residential addresses were geocoded and geospatial analysis (Getis-Ord Gi* statistics) was used to determine if elevated blood concentrations were geographically clustered. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with elevated blood metal levels and cluster membership. Results Geospatial clusters for Cd and Pb were identified with high confidence (p-value for Gi* statistic <0.01). The Cd and Pb clusters comprised 10.5 and 9.2 % of Durham County residents, respectively. Medians and interquartile ranges of blood concentrations (μg/dL) for all participants were Cd 0.02 (0.01–0.04), Hg 0.03 (0.01–0.07), Pb 0.34 (0.16–0.83), and As 0.04 (0.04–0.05). In the Cd cluster, medians and interquartile ranges of blood concentrations (μg/dL) were Cd 0.06 (0.02–0.16), Hg 0.02 (0.00–0.05), Pb 0.54 (0.23–1.23), and As 0.05 (0.04–0.05). In the Pb cluster, medians and interquartile ranges of blood concentrations (μg/dL) were Cd 0.03 (0.02–0.15), Hg 0.01 (0.01–0.05), Pb 0.39 (0.24–0.74), and As 0.04 (0.04–0.05). Co-exposure with Pb and Cd was also clustered, the p-values for the Gi* statistic for Pb and Cd was <0.01. Cluster membership was associated with lower education levels and higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Conclusions Our data support that elevated blood concentrations of Cd and Pb are spatially clustered in this urban environment compared to the surrounding areas. Spatial analysis of metals concentrations in peripheral blood or urine obtained routinely during prenatal care can be useful in surveillance of heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E King
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit (BARU), Duke University, Room A110C, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Thomas H Darrah
- Division of Water, Climate, and the Environment, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, 125th South Oval, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Eric Money
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, 5125 Jordan Hall, Campus Box 7106, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Ross Meentemeyer
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, 5125 Jordan Hall, Campus Box 7106, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, 850 Man Campus Dr, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Monica D Nye
- Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Lloyd Michener
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, 2200 Main St, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Amy P Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, 2608 Erwin Rd, Suite 210, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Randy Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, 850 Man Campus Dr, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, 2608 Erwin Rd, Suite 210, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michelle A Mendez
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Wayne Robarge
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, PO Box 7619, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 450 Research Dr, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, 850 Man Campus Dr, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Luo X, Li L, Ma M, Li R. Effects of low-dose cadmium exposure during gestation and lactation on development and reproduction in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10569-10579. [PMID: 25735246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important toxic chemical due to its increasing levels in the environment and its resulting accumulation in humans and animals. The present study was performed to evaluate the long-term effects of low doses of Cd administered in offspring by oral route to rats during pregnancy and lactation. There were no adverse effects on the physical and sexual development in the pups, except to delay the development of offspring. The relative weights of livers and kidneys in the adult female offspring were significantly decreased after exposure to 10 ppm Cd. These results indicated that there were adverse effects on growth and development from exposure to 5 or 10 ppm Cd in utero and during lactation. The results also showed differential gender sensitivity effects on the organ weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Concentration of lead, mercury, cadmium, aluminum, arsenic and manganese in umbilical cord blood of Jamaican newborns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4481-501. [PMID: 25915835 PMCID: PMC4454921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120504481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the concentrations of lead, mercury, cadmium, aluminum, and manganese in umbilical cord blood of Jamaican newborns and to explore the possible association between concentrations of these elements and certain birth outcomes. Based on data from 100 pregnant mothers and their 100 newborns who were enrolled from Jamaica in 2011, the arithmetic mean (standard deviation) concentrations of cord blood lead, mercury, aluminum, and manganese were 0.8 (1.3 μg/dL), 4.4 (2.4 μg/L), 10.9 (9.2 μg/L), and 43.7 (17.7 μg/L), respectively. In univariable General Linear Models, the geometric mean cord blood aluminum concentration was higher for children whose mothers had completed their education up to high school compared to those whose mothers had any education beyond high school (12.2 μg/L vs. 6.4 μg/L; p < 0.01). After controlling for maternal education level and socio-economic status (through ownership of a family car), the cord blood lead concentration was significantly associated with head circumference (adjusted p < 0.01). Our results not only provide levels of arsenic and the aforementioned metals in cord blood that could serve as a reference for the Jamaican population, but also replicate previously reported significant associations between cord blood lead concentrations and head circumference at birth in other populations.
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Veeriah V, Saran U, Swaminathan A, Balaguru UM, Thangaraj P, Nagarajan S, Rajendran VK, Chatterjee S. Cadmium-induced embryopathy: nitric oxide rescues teratogenic effects of cadmium. Toxicol Sci 2014; 144:90-104. [PMID: 25490952 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known heavy metal pollutant and teratogen, the mechanism behind Cd-mediated teratogenicity remains unknown. Previously, we have reported of the protective role of Nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule in the embryonic developmental process, against Thalidomide-induced teratogenicity. The objective of this study was to obtain a mechanistic in-sight of the antiteratogenic potential of NO against Cd-mediated teratogenicity. To achieve this goal, we first studied the effect of Cd on the vasculature of developing embryos and then we investigated whether Cd mediated its effects by interfering with the redox regulation of NO signaling in the early development milieu. We used a chick embryonic model to determine the time and dose-dependent effects of Cd and NO recovery against Cd assault. The effects of Cd and NO recovery were assessed using various angiogenic assays. Redox and NO levels were also measured. Results demonstrated that exposure to Cd at early stage of development caused multiple birth defects in the chick embryos. Exposure to Cd suppressed endogenous NO levels and cGMP signaling, inhibiting angioblast activation and subsequently impairing yolk sac vascular development. Furthermore, Cd-induced superoxide and lipid peroxidation mediated activation of proapoptotic markers p21 and p53 in the developing embryo. Cd also caused the down-regulation of FOXO1, and up-regulation of FOXO3a and Caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. Addition of exogenous NO through a NO donor was able to blunt Cd-mediated effects and restore normal vascular and embryonic development. In conclusion, Cd-mediated teratogenicity occurs as a result of impaired NO-cGMP signaling, increased oxidative stress, and the activation of apoptotic pathways. Subsequent addition of exogenous NO through NO donor negated Cd-mediated effects and protected the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Veeriah
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Uttara Saran
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Balaguru
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Pradeep Thangaraj
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Shunmugam Nagarajan
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Rajendran
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
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Prenatal exposure to arsenic and cadmium impacts infectious disease-related genes within the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22374-91. [PMID: 25479081 PMCID: PMC4284714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that environmental agents mediate susceptibility to infectious disease. Studies support the impact of prenatal/early life exposure to the environmental metals inorganic arsenic (iAs) and cadmium (Cd) on increased risk for susceptibility to infection. The specific biological mechanisms that underlie such exposure-mediated effects remain understudied. This research aimed to identify key genes/signal transduction pathways that associate prenatal exposure to these toxic metals with changes in infectious disease susceptibility using a Comparative Genomic Enrichment Method (CGEM). Using CGEM an infectious disease gene (IDG) database was developed comprising 1085 genes with known roles in viral, bacterial, and parasitic disease pathways. Subsequently, datasets collected from human pregnancy cohorts exposed to iAs or Cd were examined in relationship to the IDGs, specifically focusing on data representing epigenetic modifications (5-methyl cytosine), genomic perturbations (mRNA expression), and proteomic shifts (protein expression). A set of 82 infection and exposure-related genes was identified and found to be enriched for their role in the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. Given their common identification across numerous human cohorts and their known toxicological role in disease, the identified genes within the glucocorticoid signal transduction pathway may underlie altered infectious disease susceptibility associated with prenatal exposures to the toxic metals iAs and Cd in humans.
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The shared pathoetiological effects of particulate air pollution and the social environment on fetal-placental development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 2014:901017. [PMID: 25574176 PMCID: PMC4276595 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate air pollution and socioeconomic risk factors are shown to be independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, their confounding relationship is an epidemiological challenge that requires understanding of their shared etiologic pathways affecting fetal-placental development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the etiological mechanisms associated with exposure to particulate air pollution in contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and how these mechanisms intersect with those related to socioeconomic status. Here we review the role of oxidative stress, inflammation and endocrine modification in the pathoetiology of deficient deep placentation and detail how the physical and social environments can act alone and collectively to mediate the established pathology linked to a spectrum of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We review the experimental and epidemiological literature showing that diet/nutrition, smoking, and psychosocial stress share similar pathways with that of particulate air pollution exposure to potentially exasperate the negative effects of either insult alone. Therefore, socially patterned risk factors often treated as nuisance parameters should be explored as potential effect modifiers that may operate at multiple levels of social geography. The degree to which deleterious exposures can be ameliorated or exacerbated via community-level social and environmental characteristics needs further exploration.
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Johnston JE, Valentiner E, Maxson P, Miranda ML, Fry RC. Maternal cadmium levels during pregnancy associated with lower birth weight in infants in a North Carolina cohort. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109661. [PMID: 25285731 PMCID: PMC4186854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, a known carcinogen, and understudied as a developmental toxicant. In the present study, we examined the relationships between Cd levels during pregnancy and infant birth outcomes in a prospective pregnancy cohort in Durham, North Carolina. The study participants (n = 1027) had a mean Cd level of 0.46 µg/L with a range of <0.08 to 2.52 µg/L. Multivariable models were used to establish relationships between blood Cd tertiles and fetal growth parameters, namely birth weight, low birth weight, birth weight percentile by gestational age, small for gestational age, pre-term birth, length, and head circumference. In multivariable models, high maternal blood Cd levels (≥0.50 µg/L) during pregnancy were inversely associated with birth weight percentile by gestational age (p = 0.007) and associated with increased odds of infants being born small for gestational age (p<0.001). These observed effects were independent of cotinine-defined smoking status. The results from this study provide further evidence of health risks associated with early life exposure to Cd among a large pregnancy cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Johnston
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ellis Valentiner
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Pamela Maxson
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sanders AP, Desrosiers TA, Warren JL, Herring AH, Enright D, Olshan AF, Meyer RE, Fry RC. Association between arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead levels in private wells and birth defects prevalence in North Carolina: a semi-ecologic study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:955. [PMID: 25224535 PMCID: PMC4190372 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxic metals including arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead are known human developmental toxicants that are able to cross the placental barrier from mother to fetus. In this population-based study, we assess the association between metal concentrations in private well water and birth defect prevalence in North Carolina. Methods A semi-ecologic study was conducted including 20,151 infants born between 2003 and 2008 with selected birth defects (cases) identified by the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, and 668,381 non-malformed infants (controls). Maternal residences at delivery and over 10,000 well locations measured for metals by the North Carolina Division of Public Health were geocoded. The average level of each metal was calculated among wells sampled within North Carolina census tracts. Individual exposure was assigned as the average metal level of the census tract that contained the geocoded maternal residence. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the association between the prevalence of birth defects in the highest category (≥90th percentile) of average census tract metal levels and compared to the lowest category (≤50th percentile). Results Statewide, private well metal levels exceeded the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) or secondary MCL for arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead in 2.4, 0.1, 20.5, and 3.1 percent of wells tested. Elevated manganese levels were statistically significantly associated with a higher prevalence of conotruncal heart defects (PR: 1.6 95% CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusions These findings suggest an ecologic association between higher manganese concentrations in drinking water and the prevalence of conotruncal heart defects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-955) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Ashworth DC, Elliott P, Toledano MB. Waste incineration and adverse birth and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 69:120-132. [PMID: 24831282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public concern about potential health risks associated with incineration has prompted studies to investigate the relationship between incineration and risk of cancer, and more recently, birth outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiologic studies evaluating the relationship between waste incineration and the risk of adverse birth and neonatal outcomes. METHODS Literature searches were performed within the MEDLINE database, through PubMed and Ovid interfaces, for the search terms; incineration, birth, reproduction, neonatal, congenital anomalies and all related terms. Here we discuss and critically evaluate the findings of these studies. RESULTS A comprehensive literature search yielded fourteen studies, encompassing a range of outcomes (including congenital anomalies, birth weight, twinning, stillbirths, sex ratio and infant death), exposure assessment methods and study designs. For congenital anomalies most studies reported no association with proximity to or emissions from waste incinerators and "all anomalies", but weak associations for neural tube and heart defects and stronger associations with facial clefts and urinary tract defects. There is limited evidence for an association between incineration and twinning and no evidence of an association with birth weight, stillbirths or sex ratio, but this may reflect the sparsity of studies exploring these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence-base is inconclusive and often limited by problems of exposure assessment, possible residual confounding, lack of statistical power with variability in study design and outcomes. However, we identified a number of higher quality studies reporting significant positive relationships with broad groups of congenital anomalies, warranting further investigation. Future studies should address the identified limitations in order to help improve our understanding of any potential adverse birth outcomes associated with incineration, particularly focussing on broad groups of anomalies, to inform risk assessment and waste policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Ashworth
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Paul Elliott
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Sun H, Chen W, Wang D, Jin Y, Chen X, Xu Y. The effects of prenatal exposure to low-level cadmium, lead and selenium on birth outcomes. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:33-9. [PMID: 24875909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the current maternal and fetal exposure to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and selenium (Se), and their potential effect on newborn birth outcomes, a cross-sectional study involving an assessment of the levels of these three metals in maternal blood, urine and umbilical cord blood was conducted in 209 pregnant women living in Eastern China. The maternal blood, urine and cord blood samples were collected and measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The maternal blood concentrations of Cd, Pb and Se (the geometric means (GMs) were 0.48, 39.50 and 143.53 μg L(-1)) were significantly higher than and correlated with those in the cord blood (GM: 0.09, 31.62 and 124.61 μg L(-1)). In the urine samples, the GMs for Cd, Pb and Se were 0.13, 0.48, and 4.78 μg L(-1), respectively. Passive smoking was found to positively correlate with urine Cd (r=0.16) and negatively correlate with urine Se (r=-0.29). The maternal blood Se level was negatively associated with the cord Cd levels (r=-0.41). The blood Cd concentration in the mother could significantly affect the newborn birth weight (r=-0.22), but it was not correlated with birth height. We identified cord Se as a new factor which significantly correlated with birth weight. In conclusion, maternal Cd, Pb, Se exposure correlated with their umbilical cord concentration, and maternal Cd exposure might affect the newborn birth weight. Increasing the Se intake might reduce the cord blood Cd concentration and promote the fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, 210029 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- Changshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang Road 6, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yinlong Jin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Road 29, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009 Nanjing, PR China.
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Delvaux I, Van Cauwenberghe J, Den Hond E, Schoeters G, Govarts E, Nelen V, Baeyens W, Van Larebeke N, Sioen I. Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and body composition at age 7-9 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:24-32. [PMID: 24742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The study aim was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the body composition of 7 to 9 year old Flemish children. The subjects were 114 Flemish children (50% boys) that took part in the first Flemish Environment and Health Study (2002-2006). Cadmium, PCBs, dioxins, p,p'-DDE and HCB were analysed in cord blood/plasma. When the child reached 7-9 years, height, weight, waist circumference and skinfolds were measured. Significant associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and indicators of body composition were only found in girls. After adjustment for confounders and covariates, a significant negative association was found in girls between prenatal cadmium exposure and weight, BMI and waist circumference (indicator of abdominal fat) and the sum of four skinfolds (indicator of subcutaneous fat). In contrast, a significant positive association (after adjustment for confounders/covariates) was found between prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure and waist circumference as well as waist/height ratio in girls (indicators of abdominal fat). No significant associations were found for prenatal PCBs, dioxins and HCB exposure after adjustment for confounders/covariates. This study suggests a positive association between prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure and indicators of abdominal fat and a negative association between prenatal cadmium exposure and indicators of both abdominal as well as subcutaneous fat in girls between 7 and 9 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immle Delvaux
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, UZ 2 Blok A, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolijn Van Cauwenberghe
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, UZ 2 Blok A, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Department of Health, Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, UZ 2 Blok A, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; FWO Research Foundation, Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Aylward LL, Hays SM, Kirman CR, Marchitti SA, Kenneke JF, English C, Mattison DR, Becker RA. Relationships of chemical concentrations in maternal and cord blood: a review of available data. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:175-203. [PMID: 24749481 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.884956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The developing fetus is likely to be exposed to the same environmental chemicals as the mother during critical periods of growth and development. The degree of maternal-fetal transfer of chemical compounds will be affected by chemical and physical properties such as lipophilicity, protein binding, and active transport mechanisms that influence absorption and distribution in maternal tissues. However, these transfer processes are not fully understood for most environmental chemicals. This review summarizes reported data from more than 100 studies on the ratios of cord:maternal blood concentrations for a range of chemicals including brominated flame-retardant compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and tobacco smoke components. The studies for the chemical classes represented suggest that chemicals frequently detected in maternal blood will also be detectable in cord blood. For most chemical classes, cord blood concentrations were found to be similar to or lower than those in maternal blood, with reported cord:maternal ratios generally between 0.1 and 1. Exceptions were observed for selected brominated flame-retardant compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and some metals, for which reported ratios were consistently greater than 1. Careful interpretation of the data in a risk assessment context is required because measured concentrations of environmental chemicals in cord blood (and thus the fetus) do not necessarily imply adverse effects or risk. Guidelines and recommendations for future cord:maternal blood biomonitoring studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Aylward
- a Summit Toxicology, LLP , Falls Church , Virginia , USA
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Sanders AP, Smeester L, Rojas D, DeBussycher T, Wu MC, Wright FA, Zhou YH, Laine JE, Rager JE, Swamy GK, Ashley-Koch A, Lynn Miranda M, Fry RC. Cadmium exposure and the epigenome: Exposure-associated patterns of DNA methylation in leukocytes from mother-baby pairs. Epigenetics 2013; 9:212-21. [PMID: 24169490 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is prevalent in the environment yet understudied as a developmental toxicant. Cd partially crosses the placental barrier from mother to fetus and is linked to detrimental effects in newborns. Here we examine the relationship between levels of Cd during pregnancy and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels in leukocyte DNA collected from 17 mother-newborn pairs. The methylation of cytosines is an epigenetic mechanism known to impact transcriptional signaling and influence health endpoints. A methylated cytosine-guanine (CpG) island recovery assay was used to assess over 4.6 million sites spanning 16,421 CpG islands. Exposure to Cd was classified for each mother-newborn pair according to maternal blood levels and compared with levels of cotinine. Subsets of genes were identified that showed altered DNA methylation levels in their promoter regions in fetal DNA associated with levels of Cd (n = 61), cotinine (n = 366), or both (n = 30). Likewise, in maternal DNA, differentially methylated genes were identified that were associated with Cd (n = 92) or cotinine (n = 134) levels. While the gene sets were largely distinct between maternal and fetal DNA, functional similarities at the biological pathway level were identified including an enrichment of genes that encode for proteins that control transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. Furthermore, conserved DNA motifs with sequence similarity to specific transcription factor binding sites were identified within the CpG islands of the gene sets. This study provides evidence for distinct patterns of DNA methylation or "footprints" in fetal and maternal DNA associated with exposure to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P Sanders
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Curriculum in Toxicology; School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tristan DeBussycher
- Center for Bioinformatics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Michael C Wu
- Department of Biostatistics; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Biostatistics; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jessica E Laine
- Department of Epidemiology; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; Department of Pediatrics; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Gillings School of Global Public Health; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA; Curriculum in Toxicology; School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
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50
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Hinwood AL, Callan AC, Ramalingam M, Boyce M, Heyworth J, McCafferty P, Odland JØ. Cadmium, lead and mercury exposure in non smoking pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 126:118-124. [PMID: 23890969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals may affect both maternal and child health. This study aimed to determine the biological heavy metals concentrations of pregnant women as well as environmental and dietary factors that may influence exposure concentrations. One hundred and seventy three pregnant women were recruited from Western Australia, each providing a sample of blood, first morning void urine, residential soil, dust and drinking water samples. Participants also completed a questionnaire which included a food frequency component. All biological and environmental samples were analysed for heavy metals using ICP-MS. Biological and environmental concentrations of lead and mercury were generally low (Median Pb Drinking Water (DW) 0.04 µg/L; Pb soil <3.0 µg/g; Pb dust 16.5 µg/g; Pb blood 3.67 µg/L; Pb urine 0.55; µg/L Hg DW <0.03; Hg soil <1.0 µg/g; Hg dust <1.0 µg/g; Hg blood 0.46 µg/L; Hg urine <0.40 µg/L). Cadmium concentrations were low in environmental samples (Median CdDW 0.02 µg/L; Cdsoil <0.30 ug/g; Cddust <0.30) but elevated in urine samples (Median 0.55 µg/L, creatinine corrected 0.70 µg/g (range <0.2-7.06 µg/g creatinine) compared with other studies of pregnant women. Predictors of increased biological metals concentrations in regression models for blood cadmium were residing in the Great Southern region of Western Australia and not using iron/folic acid supplements and for urinary cadmium was having lower household annual income. However, these factors explained little of the variation in respective biological metals concentrations. The importance of establishing factors that influence low human exposure concentrations is becoming critical in efforts to reduce exposures and hence the potential for adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hinwood
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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