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Ruedas-Torres I, Thi to Nga B, Salguero FJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of African swine fever virus. Virulence 2024; 15:2375550. [PMID: 38973077 PMCID: PMC11232652 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2375550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease with a high impact on the pork industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV) is a very complex pathogen, the sole member of the family Asfaviridae, which induces a state of immune suppression in the host through infection of myeloid cells and apoptosis of lymphocytes. Moreover, haemorrhages are the other main pathogenic effect of ASFV infection in pigs, related to the infection of endothelial cells, as well as the activation and structural changes of this cell population by proinflammatory cytokine upregulation within bystander monocytes and macrophages. There are still many gaps in the knowledge of the role of proteins produced by the ASFV, which is related to the difficulty in producing a safe and effective vaccine to combat the disease, although few candidates have been approved for use in Southeast Asia in the past couple of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ruedas-Torres
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre (VDEC), United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
| | - Bui Thi to Nga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre (VDEC), United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Kong C, Fu X, Zhang W, Luo Y, Mai Z, Huang Z, Zhang G, Zhou P. Rapid discrimination of African swine fever virus nucleic acid and virions using BenzoNuclease. Gene 2024:148755. [PMID: 38992760 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and severe infectious disease caused by the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). ASFV exhibits significant resistance and stability in the environment, which, coupled with its double-stranded DNA and large genome, predisposes it to contaminate laboratory samples. This characteristic can lead to false-positive results in swine farm settings even days after disinfection, as detectable through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. To meet the demand for efficient clinical methods capable of discriminating between ASFV nucleic acid and ASFV virions, this study aims to ascertain the efficacy of the nuclease "BenzoNuclease" in distinguishing ASFV nucleic acid (ASFV-DNA) from ASFV virions. BenzoNuclease is a versatile nucleic acid enzyme with the capacity to degrade nearly all forms of DNA and RNA. Initially, this research established a highly sensitive general PCR detection method for ASFV. Subsequently, a positive control was constructed using the M13 bacteriophage to substitute for active ASFV, facilitating the development of an improved qPCR method. It is important to note that common disinfectants have the potential to deactivate BenzoNuclease. However, in an environment simulating actual production applications, residual disinfectants do not interfere with the enzymatic efficacy of BenzoNuclease, thus not affecting the detection capabilities of this method. Positive clinical samples from pig farms, upon testing with the improved method, revealed that three samples were positive, indicating the presence of viral particles, while the remaining samples were negative, indicating the presence of nucleic acids. This provides an additional new option for sample testing in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Kong
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xueying Fu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhanzhuo Mai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Pei Zhou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Chen H, Zhu J, Niu X, Cheng Y, Jian W, Gao F, Sunkang Y, Qi W, Huang L. Development of a P30 protein-based indirect ELISA for detecting African swine fever antibodies utilizing the HEK293F expression system. Vet J 2024; 306:106186. [PMID: 38936461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, febrile, and highly lethal infectious disease in pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Effective detection methods and strict biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing and controlling ASF, especially since there are currently no commercially available vaccines or antiviral drugs to combat ASFV infection effectively. However, the emergence of low-virulence strains of ASFV in recent years has led to false-positive results, highlighting the importance of early-produced antibody detection methods. Therefore, detecting antibodies against ASFV produced early in the infection can facilitate the prompt identification of infected pigs. This study focused on the p30 protein, an early expressed protein during ASFV infection, to develop an indirect ELISA. This method was established using the HEK293F suspension cell expression system, which has the ability to produce large quantities of correctly folded proteins with normal functionality. In this study, we developed an indirect ELISA test utilizing the p30 recombinant protein produced by the HEK293F suspension cell expression system as the antigen coating. The concentration of the p30 protein obtained from the HEK293F suspension cell expression system was measured at 4.668 mg/mL, serving as the foundation for establishing the indirect ELISA. Our findings indicate that the indirect ELISA method exhibits a sensitivity of 1:12800. Furthermore, it demonstrates high specificity and excellent reproducibility. Comparing our results to those obtained from the commercial kit, we found a coincidence rate of 98.148 % for the indirect ELISA. In summary, we have developed a sensitive method for detecting ASFV, providing a valuable tool for monitoring ASFV infection in pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuanyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weijun Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongjie Sunkang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhu J, Liu Q, Li L, Zhang R, Chang Y, Zhao J, Liu S, Zhao X, Chen X, Sun Y, Zhao Q. Nanobodies against African swine fever virus p72 and CD2v proteins as reagents for developing two cELISAs to detect viral antibodies. Virol Sin 2024; 39:478-489. [PMID: 38588947 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or treatments available to combat ASFV infection in pigs. The primary means of controlling the spread of the disease is through rapid detection and subsequent elimination of infected pig. Recently, a lower virulent ASFV isolate with a deleted EP402R gene (CD2v-deleted) has been reported in China, which further complicates the control of ASFV infection in pig farms. Furthermore, an EP402R-deleted ASFV variant has been developed as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate strain. Therefore, it is crucial to develop detection methods that can distinguish wild-type and EP402R-deleted ASFV infections. In this study, two recombinant ASFV-p72 and -CD2v proteins were expressed using a prokaryotic system and used to immunize Bactrian camels. Subsequently, eight nanobodies against ASFV-p72 and ten nanobodies against ASFV-CD2v were screened. Following the production of these nanobodies with horse radish peroxidase (HRP) fusion proteins, the ASFV-p72-Nb2-HRP and ASFV-CD2v-Nb22-HRP fusions were selected for the development of two competitive ELISAs (cELISAs) to detect anti-ASFV antibodies. The two cELISAs exhibited high sensitivity, good specificity, repeatability, and stability. The coincidence rate between the two cELISAs and commercial ELISA kits was 98.6% and 97.6%, respectively. Collectively, the two cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV demonstrated ease of operation, a low cost, and a simple production process. The two cELISAs could determine whether pigs were infected with wild-type or CD2v-deleted ASFV, and could play an important role in monitoring ASFV infections in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liuya Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Runyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yueting Chang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Li S, Song J, Liu J, Zhou S, Zhao G, Li T, Huang L, Li J, Weng C. African swine fever virus infection regulates pyroptosis by cleaving gasdermin A via active caspase-3 and caspase-4. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107307. [PMID: 38657868 PMCID: PMC11163174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever, caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a viral hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. ASFV infection causes extensive tissue damage, and the associated mechanism is poorly understood. Pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases and pore formation in the cellular plasma membrane, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and cell damage. How ASFV infection regulates pyroptosis remains unclear. Here, using siRNA assay and overexpression methods, we report that ASFV infection regulated pyroptosis by cleaving the pyroptosis execution protein gasdermin A (GSDMA). ASFV infection activated caspase-3 and caspase-4, which specifically cleaved GSDMA at D75-P76 and D241-V242 to produce GSDMA into five fragments, including GSDMA-N1-75, GSDMA-N1-241, and GSDMA-N76-241 fragments at the N-terminal end of GSDMA. Only GSDMA-N1-241, which was produced in the late stage of ASFV infection, triggered pyroptosis and inhibited ASFV replication. The fragments, GSDMA-N1-75 and GSDMA-N76-241, lose the ability to induce pyroptosis. Overall ASFV infection differentially regulates pyroptosis by GSDMA in the indicated phase, which may be conducive to its own replication. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for the regulation of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gaihong Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Yin D, Shi B, Geng R, Liu Y, Gong L, Shao H, Qian K, Chen H, Qin A. Function investigation of p11.5 in ASFV infection. Virol Sin 2024; 39:469-477. [PMID: 38789040 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus replication relies on complex interactions between viral proteins. In the case of African swine fever virus (ASFV), only a few such interactions have been identified so far. In this study, we demonstrate that ASFV protein p72 interacts with p11.5 using co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It was found that protein p72 interacts specifically with p11.5 at sites amino acids (aa) 1-216 of p72 and aa 1-68 of p11.5. To assess the importance of p11.5 in ASFV infection, we developed a recombinant virus (ASFVGZΔA137R) by deleting the A137R gene from the ASFVGZ genome. Compared with ASFVGZ, the infectious progeny virus titers of ASFVGZΔA137R were reduced by approximately 1.0 logs. In addition, we demonstrated that the growth defect was partially attributable to a higher genome copies-to-infectious virus titer ratios produced in ASFVGZΔA137R-infected MA104 cells than in those infected with ASFVGZ. This finding suggests that MA104 cells infected with ASFVGZΔA137R may generate larger quantities of noninfectious particles. Importantly, we found that p11.5 did not affect virus-cell binding or endocytosis. Collectively, we show for the first time the interaction between ASFV p72 and p11.5. Our results effectively provide the relevant information of the p11.5 protein. These results extend our understanding of complex interactions between viral proteins, paving the way for further studies of the potential mechanisms and pathogenesis of ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Renhao Geng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lang Gong
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Wu Y, Wang C, Yu J, Ma F, Liu J, Tan J, Qu G. Development of a quantum dots based immunochromatographic strip for rapid and on-site detection of African swine fever virus. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106669. [PMID: 38697231 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV), severely impacting the global swine industry. Though nuclear acid-based detection methods are reliable, they are laboratory-dependent. In this study, we developed a device-independent, user friendly and cost-effective quantum dots based immunochromatographic strip (QDs-ICS) with high specificity and sensitivity for the rapid and on-site detection of ASFV antigen. For the preparation of the QDs-ICS, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) mAb-8G8 and polyclonal antibody (pAb) against ASFV-p72 protein. The pAb was labelled with QDs to be used as the detection probe and the mAb-8G8 was coated on the nitrocellulose membrane as the test line. Our results proved that the strip displayed no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses and detection limit of the QDs-ICS was down to 1 ng/mL for the ASFV-p72 protein with great reproducibility. The strip also exhibited high stability with a storage period up to 12 months under room temperature. Twenty blind samples and one hundred clinical samples were examined by the QDs-ICS, conventional PCR and real-time PCR method, respectively. Results showed that the agreement rate between the QDs-ICS and PCR method was 100%, and the agreement rate between the strip and real-time PCR was 94%. The novel QDs-ICS developed here would be an effective tool for on-site detection of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Jinzhi Yu
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Ma
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Guanggang Qu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China.
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Fan R, Wei Z, Zhang M, Jia S, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Cai J, Chen G, Xiao H, Wei Y, Shi Y, Feng J, Shen B, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Wang J. Development of novel monoclonal antibodies for blocking NF-κB activation induced by CD2v protein in African swine fever virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352404. [PMID: 38846950 PMCID: PMC11153791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CD2v, a critical outer envelope glycoprotein of the African swine fever virus (ASFV), plays a central role in the hemadsorption phenomenon during ASFV infection and is recognized as an essential immunoprotective protein. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CD2v have demonstrated promise in both diagnosing and combating African swine fever (ASF). The objective of this study was to develop specific monoclonal antibodies against CD2v. Methods In this investigation, Recombinant CD2v was expressed in eukaryotic cells, and murine mAbs were generated through meticulous screening and hybridoma cloning. Various techniques, including indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and bio-layer interferometry (BLI), were employed to characterize the mAbs. Epitope mapping was conducted using truncation mutants and epitope peptide mapping. Results An optimal antibody pair for a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA was identified, and the antigenic structures recognized by the mAbs were elucidated. Two linear epitopes highly conserved in ASFV genotype II strains, particularly in Chinese endemic strains, were identified, along with a unique glycosylated epitope. Three mAbs, 2B25, 3G25, and 8G1, effectively blocked CD2v-induced NF-κB activation. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the antigenic structure of ASFV CD2v. The mAbs obtained in this study hold great potential for use in the development of ASF diagnostic strategies, and the identified epitopes may contribute to vaccine development against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Fan
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- BCA Bio-Breeding Center, Beijing Capital Agribusiness Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyang Jiang
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junyu Cai
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxiang Wei
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaojiang Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering of Antibodies and Functional Proteins, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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9
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Afayibo DJA, Zhang Z, Sun H, Fu J, Zhao Y, Amuda TO, Wu M, Du J, Guan G, Niu Q, Yang J, Yin H. Establishment of an ELISA Based on a Recombinant Antigenic Protein Containing Multiple Prominent Epitopes for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Antibodies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:943. [PMID: 38792774 PMCID: PMC11124277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global pig industry, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic methods for its infection. Previous studies have often focused on a limited number of epitopes from a few proteins for detecting antibodies against ASFV. Therefore, the current study aimed to use multiple B-cell epitopes in developing an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for enhanced detection of ASFV antibodies. For the expression of recombinant protein, k3 derived from 27 multiple peptides of 11 ASFV proteins, such as p72, pA104R, pB602L, p12, p14.5, p49, pE248R, p30, p54, pp62, and pp220, was used. To confirm the expression of the recombinant protein, we used the Western blotting analysis. The purified recombinant K3 protein served as the antigen in our study, and we employed the indirect ELISA technique to detect anti-ASFV antibodies. The present finding showed that there was no cross-reactivity with antibodies targeting Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Moreover, the current finding was sensitive enough to find anti-ASFV in serum samples that had been diluted up to 32 times. The test (k3-iELISA) showed diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 98.41% and 97.40%, respectively. Moreover, during the present investigation, we compared the Ingenasa kit and the k3-iELISA to test clinical pig serum, and the results revealed that there was 99.00% agreement between the two tests, showing good detection capability of the k3-iELISA method. Hence, the current finding showed that the ELISA kit we developed can be used for the rapid detection of ASFV antibodies and used as an alternative during serological investigation of ASF in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dossêh Jean Apôtre Afayibo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Hualin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Jingsheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Yaru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Tharheer Oluwashola Amuda
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Mengli Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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10
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Wang A, Chen Z, Zhou J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Liang C, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Xin C, Wei J, Zhang B, Tang X, Lu M, Qi Y, Zhang G. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against p37 protein of African swine fever virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130689. [PMID: 38458287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen posing a serious threat to the global swine industry. Despite this, there is currently no effective vaccine against this virus. Within ASFV's core shell structure, p37, a product of polyprotein pp220, shares sequence similarity with SUMO-1 proteases. Localization studies show p37 in various nuclear regions during early infection, shifting to the cytoplasm later on. Research indicates active export of p37 from the nucleus, mediated by CRM1-dependent and -independent pathways. Hydrophobic amino acids in p37 are crucial for these pathways, highlighting their importance throughout the ASFV replication cycle. Additionally, p37 serves as the first nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein encoded by ASFV, participating in the intranuclear material transport process during ASFV infection of host cells. In this study, we successfully screened five murine monoclonal antibodies targeting p37. Through the truncated expression method, we identified four dominant antigenic epitopes of p37 for the first time. Furthermore, utilizing alanine scanning technology, we determined the key amino acid residues for each epitope. This research not only provides essential information for a deeper understanding of the protein's function but also establishes a significant theoretical foundation for the design and development of ASFV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhuting Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cheng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueyuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengjun Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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11
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Cho KH, Hong SK, Kim DY, Sohn HJ, Yoo DS, Kang HE, Kim YH. Disease Course of Korean African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs Exposed Intraorally, Intranasally, Intramuscularly, and by Direct Contact with Infected Pigs. Viruses 2024; 16:433. [PMID: 38543798 PMCID: PMC10974542 DOI: 10.3390/v16030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal contagious disease affecting swine. The first Korean ASF virus (ASFV) isolate (Korea/Pig/Paju1/2019) was used to compare the disease course of ASFV in pigs inoculated via the four routes. In the challenge experiment, domestic pigs were infected via the intraoral (IO) and intranasal (IN) routes with a 106 50% hemadsorbing dose (HAD50) and an intramuscular (IM) injection of 103 HAD50. In the direct contact (DC) group, five naïve pigs were brought into direct contact with two IM-ASFV-infected pigs. IO-, IN-, and IM-inoculated pigs showed similar disease courses, whereas DC pigs had comparable ASF syndrome after a 7-day latent period. The disease course in the DC route, one of the most common routes of infection, was not significantly different from that in the IO and IN routes. IM and DC groups differed in terms of the severity of fever and hemorrhagic lesions in the lymph nodes and spleen, indicating that the IM route, suitable for early vaccine development trials, is not appropriate for studying the ASFV infection mechanism, including early stage of infection, and IO and IN challenges with a designated dose can be alternatives in trials for assessing ASFV pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Seong-Keun Hong
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Da-Young Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Dae-Sung Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61168, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
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12
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Chen Q, Liu L, Guo S, Li L, Yu Y, Liu Z, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Characterization of the monoclonal antibody and the immunodominant B-cell epitope of African swine fever virus pA104R by using mouse model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0140123. [PMID: 38305163 PMCID: PMC10913377 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01401-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) structural protein pA104R is the only histone-like protein encoded by eukaryotic viruses. pA104R is an essential DNA-binding protein required for DNA replication and genome packaging of ASFV, which are vital for pathogen survival and proliferation. pA104R is an important target molecule for diagnosing, treating, and immune prevention of ASFV. This study characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pA104R and found them to recognize natural pA104R in ASFV strains with different genotypes, showing high conservation. Confirmation analyses of pA104R epitopes using mAbs indicated the presence of immunodominant B-cell epitopes, and further characterization showed the high antigenic index and surface accessibility coefficients of the identified epitope. Furthermore, the pA104R protein functions through the polar interactions between the binding amino acid sites; however, these interactions may be blocked by the recognition of generated mAbs. Characterizing the immunodominant B-cell epitope of the ASFV critical proteins, such as pA104R, may contribute to developing sensitive diagnostic tools and vaccine candidate targets.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic, lethal, and contagious viral disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. As no effective vaccine or other treatments have been developed, the control of African swine fever virus (ASFV) relies heavily on virus detection and diagnosis. A potential serological target is the structural protein pA104R. However, the molecular basis of pA104R antigenicity remains unclear, and a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against this protein is still unavailable. In this study, mAbs against pA104R were characterized and found to recognize natural pA104R in ASFV strains with different genotypes. In addition, confirmation analyses of pA104R epitopes using mAbs indicated the presence of immunodominant B-cell epitopes, and further characterization showed the high antigenic index and surface accessibility coefficients of the identified epitope. Characteristics of the immunodominant B-cell epitope of ASFV proteins, such as pA104R, may contribute to developing sensitive diagnostic tools and identifying vaccine candidate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixinjie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shibang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifeng Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhankui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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13
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Tian P, Sun Z, Wang M, Song J, Sun J, Zhou L, Jiang D, Zhang A, Wu Y, Zhang G. Identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope on the p30 protein of African swine fever virus using monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res 2024; 341:199328. [PMID: 38262569 PMCID: PMC10839582 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. There are no safe and effective vaccines or diagnostics available. The p30 protein serves as a key target for the detection of ASFV antibodies and is an essential antigenic protein for early serological diagnosis. Here, the p30 protein was purified after being expressed in E. coli and its immunogenicity was verified in sera from pigs naturally infected with ASFV. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody (McAb) designated as McAb 1B4G2-4 (subtype IgG1/kappa-type) was produced and it was verified to specifically recognize the ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018/strain and eukaryotic recombinant ASFV p30 protein. The epitope identified by McAb 1B4G2-4, defining the unique B-cell epitope 164HNFIQTI170, was located using peptide scanning. Comparing amino acid (aa) sequence revealed that this epitope is conserved in all reference ASFV strains from different regions of China, including the highly pathogenic strain Georgia 2007/1 (NC_044959.2) that is widely distributed. It is also exposed to the surface of the p30 protein, suggesting that it could be an important B-cell epitope. Our study may serve as a basis for the development of serological diagnostic methods and subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tian
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhuoya Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengxiang Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinxing Song
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junru Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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14
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Portugaliza HP. Seroprevalence of African swine fever in pigs for slaughter in Leyte, Philippines. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:65-70. [PMID: 38680799 PMCID: PMC11055580 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of African swine fever (ASF) in pigs for slaughter in Leyte, Philippines. It underpins the concept that recovered and infected pigs from ASF are likely sent for slaughter to avoid perceived economic losses. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023 in eight abattoirs, each representing both a city and a municipality in Leyte province. A total of 218 blood samples from 78 farms were examined for ASF virus (ASFV) (VP72) antibodies using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Descriptive and seroprevalence analyses were performed. Results ASF antibodies were detected in pigs for slaughter from abattoirs in Baybay and Ormoc cities, showing a seroprevalence of 3.57% (1/28 pigs) and 2.27% (1/44 pigs), respectively. An apparent absence of ASF antibodies was observed among pigs for slaughter in Isabel, Villaba, Abuyog, Kananga, Dulag, and Macarthur. The farm-level seroprevalence was 2.56% (95% CI: 0.71%-8.88%), while the pig-level seroprevalence was 0.91% (95% CI: 0.25%-3.27%). Conclusion Detecting ASF antibodies among pigs for slaughter implies exposure to the virus from the farm of origin. This means that, on some farms, ASF remains unreported or undiagnosed. Active surveillance is needed for early case detection and rapid response to control the spread of ASF in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvie P. Portugaliza
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City, Philippines
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15
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Hu C, Li S, Zhou J, Wei D, Liu X, Chen Z, Peng H, Liu X, Deng Y. In vitro SELEX and application of an African swine fever virus (ASFV) p30 protein specific aptamer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4078. [PMID: 38374125 PMCID: PMC10876938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has caused severe economic losses in the pig industry. To monitor ASFV spread, the p30 protein has been identified as an ideal infection marker due to its early and long-term expression during the ASFV infection period. Timely monitoring of ASFV p30 enables the detection of ASFV infection and assessment of disease progression. Aptamers are an outstanding substitute for antibodies to develop an efficient tool for ASFV p30 protein detection. In this study, a series of aptamer candidates were screened by in vitro magnetic bead-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (MB-SELEX). An aptamer (Atc-20) finally showed high specificity and affinity (Kd = 140 ± 10 pM) against ASFV p30 protein after truncation and affinity assessment. Furthermore, an aptamer/antibody heterogeneous sandwich detection assay was designed based on Atc20, achieving a linear detection of ASFV p30 ranging from 8 to 125 ng/ml and a detection limit (LOD) of 0.61 ng/ml. This assay showed good analytical performances and effectively detected p30 protein in diluted serum samples, presenting promising potential for the development of ASFV biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, 412007, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, 412007, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, 412007, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, 412007, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, 412007, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, 412007, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hongquan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, 412007, Zhuzhou, China.
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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16
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Yang W, Li L, Zhang J, Wu J, Kang W, Wang Y, Ding H, Li D, Zheng H. SNX32 is a host restriction factor that degrades African swine fever virus CP204L via the RAB1B-dependent autophagy pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0159923. [PMID: 38169281 PMCID: PMC10804981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01599-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in domestic pigs and European wild boars, posing a severe threat to the global pig industry. ASFV CP204L, a highly immunogenic protein, is produced during the early stages of ASFV infection. However, the impact of CP204L protein-interacting partners on the outcome of ASFV infection is poorly understood. To accomplish this, coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were conducted in ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). We have demonstrated that sorting nexin 32 (SNX32) is a CP204L-binding protein and that CP204L interacted and colocalized with SNX32 in ASFV-infected PAMs. ASFV growth and replication were promoted by silencing SNX32 and suppressed by overexpressing SNX32. SNX32 degraded CP204L by recruiting the autophagy-related protein Ras-related protein Rab-1b (RAB1B). RAB1B overexpression inhibited ASFV replication, while knockdown of RAB1B had the opposite effect. Additionally, RAB1B, SNX32, and CP204L formed a complex upon ASFV infection. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SNX32 antagonizes ASFV growth and replication by recruiting the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. This finding extends our understanding of the interaction between ASFV CP204L and its host and provides new insights into exploring the relationship between ASFV infection and autophagy.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality near 100% in domestic pigs. ASF virus (ASFV), which is the only member of the family Asfarviridae, is a dsDNA virus of great complexity and size, encoding more than 150 proteins. Currently, there are no available vaccines against ASFV. ASFV CP204L represents the most abundantly expressed viral protein early in infection and plays an important role in regulating ASFV replication. However, the mechanism by which the interaction between ASFV CP204L and host proteins affects ASFV replication remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the cellular protein SNX32 interacted with CP204L and degraded CP204L by upregulating the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. In summary, this study will help us understand the interaction mechanism between CP204L and its host upon infection and provide new insights for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Desmet C, Coelho-Cruz B, Mehn D, Colpo P, Ruiz-Moreno A. ASFV epitope mapping by high density peptides microarrays. Virus Res 2024; 339:199287. [PMID: 38029799 PMCID: PMC10711508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly infectious disease. It is a threat to animal health with major potential economic and societal impact. Despite decades of ASF vaccine research, still some gaps in knowledge are hindering the development of a functional vaccine. Worth mentioning are gaps in understanding the mechanism of ASF infection and immunity, as well as the fact that - in case of this disease - virus proteins, so-called protective antigens, responsible for inducing protective immune responses in pigs are not identified yet. In this paper we elaborate on a methodology to identify protective antigens based on epitope mapping by microarray technology. High density peptide microarrays, combined with fluorescence scanning, have been used to analyze the interaction of peptide sequences of African swine fever virus (ASFV) proteins with antibodies present in inactivated serum from infected and healthy animals. The study evidenced ASFV proteins already under the radar for vaccine development, such as p54, and identified specific sequences in those proteins that may become the focus for future vaccine candidates. Such methodology is amenable to automation and high-throughput and may help developing better targeting for next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ana Ruiz-Moreno
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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18
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Jin J, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Lu W, Zhang S, Zhao X, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhang A, Zhang G, Sun A, Zhuang G. Establishment and characterization of a novel indirect ELISA method based on ASFV antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127311. [PMID: 37865977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute and highly lethal disease in pigs caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). Viral proteins have been commonly used as antigenic targets for the development of ASF diagnostic methods. However, the prokaryotic expression of viral proteins has deficiencies such as instability, insolubility, and high cost in eukaryotic situations. This study screened and verified ASFV-encoded p72, p54, and p30 protein antigenic epitopes. Subsequently, a novel antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein was designed based on an ideal structural protein and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Western blot analysis indicated that the recombinant protein could specifically react with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) of p72 and polyclonal antibodies of p54 and p30, respectively. Next, an ASF indirect ELISA (iELISA) method was established based on the recombinant protein, which has no specific reaction with sera of other important pig viral diseases. Meanwhile, it shows a sensitivity to detecting dilutions of ASF-positive reference serum up to 1:6400. The clinical sample detection results showed a high coincidence rate of 98 % with a commercial competition ELISA kit. In conclusion, we established a novel specific, and sensitive ASF serologic detection method that opens new avenues for ASF serodiagnostic method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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19
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Huang C, Cao C, Xu Z, Lin Y, Wu J, Weng Q, Liu Z, Jin Y, Chen P, Hua Q. A blocking ELISA based on virus-like nanoparticles chimerized with an antigenic epitope of ASFV P54 for detecting ASFV antibodies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19928. [PMID: 37968284 PMCID: PMC10651890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly lethal pathogen of domestic and wild pigs. Due to no vaccines or drugs available, early accurate diagnosis and eradication of infected animals are the most important measures for ASFV prevention and control. Bluetongue virus (BTV) core-like particles (CLPs) are non-infectious hollow nanoparticles assembled from the BTV VP3 and VP7 proteins, which could be used as a platform for presenting foreign epitopes. In this study, the secondary structure of BTV VP7 protein was analyzed and predicted using the IEDB Analysis resource. Based on the prediction results of the VP7 protein, the chimeric CLPs with an ASFV P54 epitope were successfully prepared through the BAC-to-BAC baculovirus expression system and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Based on the chimeric CLPs and mAb 2E4 against AFSV P54 epitope, a blocking ELISA for detecting AFSV antibodies was established, and its reaction conditions were optimized. Through comprehensive evaluation of the method, the results showed the chimeric CLPs-based blocking ELISA displayed the best detection performance, with an AUC of 0.9961, a sensitivity of 97.65%, and a specificity of 95.24% in ROC analysis. Compared with western blot and a commercial c-ELISA for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies, this method had an excellent agreement of 96.35% (kappa value = 0.911) and 97.76% (kappa value = 0.946) with the other tests, respectively. This ELISA also had high repeatability, with CV < 10%, and no cross-reaction with the serum antibodies against other swine viruses or Orbivirus. In brief, this was the first report on developing a blocking ELISA based on virus-like nanoparticles chimerized with an antigenic epitope of ASFV P54 for serological diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Huang
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfu Cao
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxing Lin
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyu Weng
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Hu Nan Project Bioscience LTD, Changsha, 410137, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Shenzhen Biolove Technology CO., LTD., Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyi Hua
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Nguyen TL, Samuel Leon Magdaleno J, Rajjak Shaikh A, Choowongkomon K, Li V, Lee Y, Kim H. Designing a multi-epitope candidate vaccine by employing immunoinformatics approaches to control African swine fever spread. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10214-10229. [PMID: 36510707 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The African swine fever virus has been circulating for decades and is highly infectious, often fatal to farmed and wild pigs. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment for the disease, making prevention even more difficult. Therefore, vaccine development is necessary and urgent to limit the consequences of ASF and ensure the food chain and sustainability of the swine industry. This research study was conducted to design a multi-epitope vaccine for controlling veterinary diseases caused by the African swine fever virus. We employed the immunoinformatics approaches to reveal 37 epitopes from different viral proteins of ASFV. These epitopes were linked to adjuvants and linkers to form a full-fledged immunogenic vaccine construct. The tertiary structure of the final vaccine was predicted using a deep-learning approach. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics predicted stable interactions between the vaccine and immune receptor TLR5 of Sus scrofa (Pig). The MD simulation studies reflect that the calculated parameters like RMSD, RMSF, number of hydrogen bonds, and finally, the buried interface surface area for the complex remained stable throughout the simulation time. This analysis suggests the stability of interface interactions between the TLR5 and the multi-epitope vaccine construct. Further, the physiochemical analysis demonstrated that our designed vaccine construct was expected to have high stability and prolonged half-life time in mammalian cells. Traditional vaccine design experiments require significant time and financial input from the development stage to the final product. Studies like this can assist in accelerating vaccine development while minimizing the cost.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Ly Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Samuel Leon Magdaleno
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Rajjak Shaikh
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Vladimir Li
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Yuan R, Wei J, Geng R, Li B, Xiong W, Fang X, Lü P, Wang K. Ultra-sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor for determination of African swine fever virus based on surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341637. [PMID: 37573117 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is crucial for agricultural production and economic development due to the mortality and infectivity. In this study, a bismuth induced enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor based on in-situ loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was constructed using deposited bismuth nanoparticles loaded bismuth oxycarbonate (Bi/(BiO)2CO3) as photoactive material, using primers designed according to LAMP as recognition elements, and using in-situ LAMP to achieve nucleic acid amplification of target genes. As the Bi induced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, enhanced light captures and effective electron hole separation, it could effectively enhance the photoelectric activity, so the prepared Bi/(BiO)2CO3 nanohybrid had higher photocurrent intensity and good stability. The constructed PEC biosensor has realized the detection of ASFV in real samples with good sensitivity, specificity and repeatability. In the range from 1.0 × 10-13 to 1.0 × 10-7 g/L, the photoelectric current decreased with the increase of the concentration of ASFV, and the detection limit was 3.0 × 10-14 g/L (about 0.048 copies/μL). Combining the advantages of LAMP with the excellent performance of PEC, it provides a simple, economical and efficient method for nucleic acid diagnosis, and also provides a new idea for biosensor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishuang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (Jiangsu University), Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jie Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Rui Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212003, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, 1208 Minsheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Peng Lü
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212003, PR China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology (Jiangsu University), Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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22
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Galicia MLC, Morales DJM, Pogado PGB, Quebrado AL, Herrera-Ong LR. Identification of potential CD8+ epitopes in pp62 polyprotein of African swine fever virus using computational immunology. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2023; 104:221-231. [PMID: 37850118 PMCID: PMC10578124 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.130726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly infectious African swine fever virus (ASFV) is currently the only known DNA arbovirus within the Asfarviridae family which primarily infects domestic pigs and wild boars. African swine fever (ASF) leads to a mortality rate of up to 100% which has caused massive socio-economic losses worldwide. Previous research indicates that ASFV's virulence can be attributed to polyprotein pp62, which plays a crucial role in viral assembly and core maturation. This particular study utilized in silico analysis to identify highly conserved cytotoxic T-cell epitopes in pp62 that can potentially serve as key components for future ASFV vaccines. To achieve this, the researchers retrieved, clustered, and aligned the peptide sequences of pp62. Subsequently, the aligned sequences were analyzed to identify epitopes that bind promiscuously to the swine major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) alleles and exhibiting MHC IC50 values < 500 nM. Additionally, peptide sequences with positive proteasome and TAP scores were considered. Potential cross-reactivity was assessed by comparing the peptide sequences against available proteome sequences of Sus scrofa domesticus in various databases. Furthermore, molecular docking was conducted to evaluate the binding of candidate epitopes with swine leukocyte antigen-1*0401 (SLA-1*0401). The dissociation constants, binding energies, root mean square deviation, and root mean square fluctuation values for the SLA-epitope complexes were compared with a positive reference. In the course of the study, 21 highly conserved CD8+ epitopes were identified, out of which four were further assessed for their potential immunogenicity. The results demonstrated that the highly conserved CD8+ epitopes discovered in this study are promising for integration into future ASFV vaccine formulations. As preliminary data, it is anticipated that these findings will subsequently undergo in vitro and in vivo studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lester C. Galicia
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dale Jonathan M. Morales
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Precious Grace B. Pogado
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ashley L. Quebrado
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Leana Rich Herrera-Ong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
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23
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Wu Z, Lu H, Zhu D, Xie J, Sun F, Xu Y, Zhang H, Wu Z, Xia W, Zhu S. Developing an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Antibodies Using a Tag-Free p15 Protein Antigen. Viruses 2023; 15:1939. [PMID: 37766344 PMCID: PMC10534517 DOI: 10.3390/v15091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most severe diseases caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), causing massive economic losses to the global pig industry. Serological tests are important in ASF epidemiological surveillance, and more antigen targets are needed to meet market demand for ASFV antibody detection. In the present study, ASFV p15 protein was fusion-expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) with elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), and the ELP-p15 protein was purified using a simple inverse transition cycling (ITC) process. The ELP tag was cleaved off using tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp), resulting in a tag-free p15 protein. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the p15 protein reacted strongly with ASFV-positive serum. The p15 protein was used as a coating antigen in an indirect ELISA (iELISA) for detecting ASFV antibodies. The p15-iELISA method demonstrated high specificity to ASFV-positive sera, with a maximum detection dilution of 1:1600. Moreover, the method exhibited good reproducibility, with less intra-assay and inter-assay CV values than 10%. Therefore, p15-iELISA offers a novel approach for accurately detecting ASFV antibodies with significant clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Huipeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Dewei Zhu
- Yancheng Engineering Research Center of Animal Biologics, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China;
| | - Jun Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Fan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Tumor Targeted Nano Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Tumor Targeted Nano Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Wenlong Xia
- Yancheng Engineering Research Center of Animal Biologics, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China;
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
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24
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Luo Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Gao Q, Gong T, Feng Y, Wu D, Zheng X, Zhang G, Wang H. Aloe-emodin inhibits African swine fever virus replication by promoting apoptosis via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Virol J 2023; 20:158. [PMID: 37468960 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute infectious haemorrhagic fever of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Aloe-emodin (Ae) is an active ingredient of Chinese herbs with antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of Ae against ASFV using Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Ae significantly inhibited ASFV replication. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that ASFV infection activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in the early stage and the apoptosis pathway in the late stage. Ae significantly downregulated the expression levels of MyD88, phosphor-NF-κB p65, and pIκB proteins as well as the mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with ASFV, thereby inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by ASFV. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that Ae significantly increased the percentage of ASFV-induced apoptotic cells. Additionally, Ae promoted apoptosis by upregulating the expression levels of cleaved-caspase3 and Bax proteins and downregulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 proteins. This suggests that Ae promotes apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, resulting in inhibition of ASFV replication. These findings have further improved therapeutic reserves for the prevention and treatment of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, PR China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510462, China.
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, PR China.
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China.
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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25
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Yang Y, Xia Q, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Shao D, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Wei J. B602L-Fc fusion protein enhances the immunogenicity of the B602L protein of the African swine fever virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186299. [PMID: 37426672 PMCID: PMC10324578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious, and deadly infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and has a huge impact on the pig industry. A lack of vaccines and effective therapeutic drugs has brought great challenges to the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, insect baculovirus expression system was used to express ASFV B602L protein (B602L) alone and the IgG FC-fused B602L protein (B602L-Fc), and evaluate the immune effect of B602L-Fc in mice model. To be specific, the ASFV B602L protein and B602L-Fc fusion protein were successfully expressed by the insect baculovirus expression system. Then, Functional analysis in vitro revealed that the B602L-Fc fusion protein bound and interacted with the FcRI receptor of antigen-presenting cells and significantly promoted the expression of proteins involved in antigen presentation and various cytokines at mRNA levels in porcine alveolar macrophages. Additionally, immunization using B602L-Fc fusion protein remarkably promoted the Th1-biased cellular immune response and humoral immune response in mice. In conclusion, The B602L-Fc fusion protein could up-regulate the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation in APCs and enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. These results suggest that ASFV B602L-Fc recombinant fusion protein may be a promising candidate for subunit vaccine. This study provided useful data for the development of subunit vaccines for ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Xia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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26
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Koltsov A, Krutko S, Kholod N, Sukher M, Belov S, Korotin A, Koltsova G. Deletion of the CD2 Gene in the Virulent ASFV Congo Strain Affects Viremia in Domestic Swine, but Not the Virulence. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2002. [PMID: 37370512 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease that causes the most significant losses to the pig industry. One of the effective methods for combating this disease could be the development of vaccines. To date, experimental vaccines based on the use of live attenuated strains of the ASF virus (ASFV) obtained by the deletion of viral genes responsible for virulence are the most effective. Deletion of the EP402R gene encoding a CD2-like protein led to the attenuation of various strains of the ASFV, although the degree of attenuation varies among different isolates. Here we have shown that the deletion of the EP402R gene from the genome of a high-virulent Congo isolate did not change either the virulence of the virus or its ability to replicate in the swine macrophage cell cultures in vitro. However, in vivo, animals infected with ΔCongo-v_CD2v had a delay in the onset of the disease and viremia compared to animals infected with the parental strain. Thus, deletion of the CD2 gene in different isolates of the ASFV has a different effect on the virulence of the virus, depending on its genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Koltsov
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Sergey Krutko
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Natalia Kholod
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Mikhail Sukher
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Sergey Belov
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Alexey Korotin
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Galina Koltsova
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
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27
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Chang Z, Du Y, Li R, Sun X, Chen Y, Li M, Fan L, Liu S, Wang S, Ding P, Zhang G. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibody against the critical loop structure of african swine fever virus P72 protein. Vet Microbiol 2023; 283:109776. [PMID: 37270924 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious and lethal viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The four prominent loop structures on the surface of the primary structural protein P72 are considered to be key protective epitopes. In this study, the four critical loops (ER1-4) of the ASFV p72 protein were individually fused to hepatitis B virus core particles (HBc) and self-assembled into nanoparticles to preserve the natural conformation of the loop structure and enhance its immunogenicity. Then, four recombinant proteins were obtained in E. coli expression system and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed and characterized. All 10 mAbs obtained were able to react with P72 protein and ASFV with potencies up to 1:204 800. Amino acids 250-274, 279-299 and 507-517 of the P72 protein were identified as linear epitopes and highly conserved. The mAb 4G8 showed the highest inhibition rate of 84% against ASFV positive sera. Importantly, neutralization experiments illustrated that mAb 4G8 has a 67% inhibition rate, indicating that its corresponding epitopes are potential candidates for ASFV vaccine. In conclusion, highly immunogenic nanoparticles of the ASFV P72 key loop were constructed to induce the production of highly effective mAbs and clarify their epitope information for the diagnosis and prevention of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejie Chang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Institute of Advanced Agriculture sciences, Peking University, 100080, China.
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28
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Hao S, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Yao Y, Li S, Xu Y, Feng WH. African swine fever virus QP383R dampens type I interferon production by promoting cGAS palmitoylation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186916. [PMID: 37228597 PMCID: PMC10203406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes viral DNA and synthesizes cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING/MITA) and downstream mediators to elicit an innate immune response. African swine fever virus (ASFV) proteins can antagonize host immune responses to promote its infection. Here, we identified ASFV protein QP383R as an inhibitor of cGAS. Specifically, we found that overexpression of QP383R suppressed type I interferons (IFNs) activation stimulated by dsDNA and cGAS/STING, resulting in decreased transcription of IFNβ and downstream proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, we showed that QP383R interacted directly with cGAS and promoted cGAS palmitoylation. Moreover, we demonstrated that QP383R suppressed DNA binding and cGAS dimerization, thus inhibiting cGAS enzymatic functions and reducing cGAMP production. Finally, the truncation mutation analysis indicated that the 284-383aa of QP383R inhibited IFNβ production. Considering these results collectively, we conclude that QP383R can antagonize host innate immune response to ASFV by targeting the core component cGAS in cGAS-STING signaling pathways, an important viral strategy to evade this innate immune sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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29
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Shi Z, Cao L, Luo J, Zhou G, Zuo Q, Liu X, Hu Y, Tian H, Zheng H. A chemiluminescent magnetic microparticle immunoassay for the detection of antibody against African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3779-3788. [PMID: 37099055 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The p30 protein is abundantly expressed in the early stage of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection. Thus, it is an ideal antigen candidate for serodiagnosis with the use of an immunoassay. In this study, a chemiluminescent magnetic microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) was developed for the detection of antibodies (Abs) against ASFV p30 protein in porcine serum. Purified p30 protein was coupled to magnetic beads, and the experimental conditions including concentration, temperature, incubation time, dilution ratio, buffers, and other relevant variables were evaluated and optimized. To evaluate the performance of the assay, a total of 178 pig serum samples (117 negative and 61 positive samples) were tested. According to receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off value of the CMIA was 104,315 (area under the curve, 0.998; Youden's index, 0.974; 95% confidence interval: 99.45 to 100%). Sensitivity results showed that the dilution ratio of p30 Abs in ASFV-positive sera detected by the CMIA is much higher when compared to commercial blocking ELISA kit. Specificity testing showed that no cross-reactivity was observed with sera positive for other porcine disease viruses. The intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) was < 5%, and the interassay CV was < 10%. The p30-magnetic beads could be stored at 4 °C for more than 15 months without loss of activity. The kappa coefficient between CMIA and INGENASA blocking ELISA kit was 0.946, showing strong agreement. In conclusion, our method showed superiority with high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and stability and potentialized its application in the development of a diagnostic kit for the detection of ASF in clinical samples. KEY POINTS: • ASFV tag-free p30 was successfully purified. • High sensitivity, specificity, relatively simple, and time-saving to detect antibody against ASFV were developed. • The development of CMIA will help the clinical diagnosis of ASFV and will be useful for large-scale serological test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Gaijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Qingshan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - XiangTao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yonghao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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30
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Song J, Wang M, Du Y, Wan B, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Zhuang G, Ji P, Wu Y, Zhang G. Identification of a linear B-cell epitope on the African swine fever virus CD2v protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123264. [PMID: 36706875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a serious threat to domestic pigs and wild boars, which is responsible for substantial production and economic losses. A dominant ASFV specific linear B cell epitope that reacted with the convalescent serum was explored and identified with the help of immune informatics techniques. It is essential in understanding the host immunity and in developing diagnostic technical guidelines and vaccine design. The confirmation of dominant epitopes with a positive serological matrix is feasible. To improve the immunogenicity of the epitope, we designed the dominant epitope of CD2v in the form of 2 branch Multiple-Antigen peptide (MAPs-2), CD2v-MAPs-2. Notably, CD2v peptide can be taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) to activate T lymphocytes and induce highly effective valence antibodies in BALB/c mice. The specific CD8+ T cell response were observed. The dominant epitope peptide identified in this study was able to effectively activate humoral and cellular immunity in mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Mengxiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center for National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, China.
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Li Y, Sun R, Li S, Tan Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Guo Y, Huang J. ASFV proteins presented at the surface of T7 phages induce strong antibody responses in mice. J Virol Methods 2023; 316:114725. [PMID: 36965632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, and there are still no safe and effective vaccines or therapeutics available. The granulated virus antigen improves the antigen present process and elicits high antibody reaction than the subunit antigen. In this study, the SpyTag peptide-p10 fusion protein was altered and displayed on the surface of the T7 phage to construct an engineered phage (T7-ST). At the same time, ASFV antigen-Spycatcher C-terminal-fused protein (antigen-SC) was expressed and purified by an E. coli prokaryotic expression system. Five virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying the main ASFV antigenic proteins P30, P54, P72, CD2v, and K145R were reconstructed by the isopeptide bond between SpyTag and antigen-SC proteins. The stability of five ASFV VLPs in high temperature and extreme pH conditions was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and plaque analysis. All ASFV VLPs induced a high titer antigen-specific antibody response in mice. Our results showed that the granulated antigen displaying ASFV protein on the surface of the T7 phage provides a robust potential vaccine and diagnostic tool to address the challenge of the ASFV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zexing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Yebin Liu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China, 100081
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072.
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Yang S, Miao C, Liu W, Zhang G, Shao J, Chang H. Structure and function of African swine fever virus proteins: Current understanding. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1043129. [PMID: 36846791 PMCID: PMC9950752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1043129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly infectious and lethal double-stranded DNA virus that is responsible for African swine fever (ASF). ASFV was first reported in Kenya in 1921. Subsequently, ASFV has spread to countries in Western Europe, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, as well as to China in 2018. ASFV epidemics have caused serious pig industry losses around the world. Since the 1960s, much effort has been devoted to the development of an effective ASF vaccine, including the production of inactivated vaccines, attenuated live vaccines, and subunit vaccines. Progress has been made, but unfortunately, no ASF vaccine has prevented epidemic spread of the virus in pig farms. The complex ASFV structure, comprising a variety of structural and non-structural proteins, has made the development of ASF vaccines difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to fully explore the structure and function of ASFV proteins in order to develop an effective ASF vaccine. In this review, we summarize what is known about the structure and function of ASFV proteins, including the most recently published findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guanglei Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Miao C, Yang S, Shao J, Zhou G, Ma Y, Wen S, Hou Z, Peng D, Guo H, Liu W, Chang H. Identification of p72 epitopes of African swine fever virus and preliminary application. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126794. [PMID: 36819042 PMCID: PMC9935695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease (ASF) of pigs that results in serious losses in China and elsewhere. The development of a vaccine and diagnosis technology for ASFV is essential to prevent and control the spread of ASF. The p72 protein of ASFV is highly immunogenic and reactive, and is a dominant antigen in ASF vaccine and diagnostic research. In this study, 17 p72 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated. Epitope mapping by a series of overlapping peptides expressed in Escherichia coli showed that these mAbs recognized a total of seven (1-7) linear B cell epitopes. These mAbs did not show significant neutralizing activity. Epitopes 1 (249HKPHQSKPIL258), 2 (69PVGFEYENKV77), 5 (195VNGNSLDEYSS205), and 7 (223GYKHLVGQEV233) are novel. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that the identified epitopes were highly conserved among 27 ASFV strains from nine genotypes. Preliminary screening using known positive and negative sera indicated the diagnostic potential of mAb-2B8D7. The results provide new insights into the antigenic regions of ASFV p72 and will inform the diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Miao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghui Wen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - HuiChen Guo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Wei Liu,
| | - Huiyun Chang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,*Correspondence: Huiyun Chang,
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Zhou J, Ni Y, Wang D, Fan B, Zhu X, Zhou J, Hu Y, Li L, Li B. Development of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Targeting the-p30 Protein for Detection of Antibodies against African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:154. [PMID: 36680193 PMCID: PMC9861063 DOI: 10.3390/v15010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Due to the absence of a safe and efficacious vaccine, accurate laboratory diagnosis is critical for the control of ASF prevention. The p30 protein is immunogenic and stimulates a high level of antibody response to ASFV infection. We developed a panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against p30 protein, and mAb-2B4 showed the highest percent of inhibition (PI) of 70% in the solid phase blocking ELISA (bELISA). Epitope mapping revealed the mAb-2B4 recognized the epitope of aa 12-18 of p30, which is conserved among various ASFV genotypes. Subsequently, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was established using HRP-labeled mAb-2B4. The cutoff for discrimination between 98 negative sera and 40 positive sera against ASFV was determined by plotting a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. It yielded the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.998, and a diagnostic specificity of 97.96% and a sensitivity of 97.5% were achieved when the cutoff value was determined at 37.1%. Furthermore, the results showed an excellent repeatability of the established cELISA and no cross-reaction to antisera against six other pig pathogens. Additionally, the cELISA detected a titer of 1:256 in the positive standard serum. Overall, mAb-2B4 showed a conserved epitope and high ability to be inhibited by positive sera in ASFV antibody detection. The cELISA based on HRP-labeled mAb-2B4 offers an alternative to other assays for a broader diagnostic coverage of ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanxiu Ni
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
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In silico and pepscan analysis of African swine fever virus p54 protein. ACTA VET BRNO 2023. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202392010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the great importance and economic impact of African swine fever, great emphasis is placed on the diagnosis of its causative agent and the development of new types of vaccines. However, a prerequisite for the shift in these areas is a more thorough understanding of the structure and characteristics of virus proteins. The aim of this work was to analyze the location of B-cell epitopes in the structure of the African swine fever virus p54 protein, combining the results of in silico and pepscan analysis. In silico analysis revealed the presence of potential B-cell epitopes primarily in the C-terminal part of the protein, pepscan technique confirmed these immunogenic regions between amino acids 24-61 and 151-182.
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Chen Q, Li L, Guo S, Liu Z, Liu L, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. African swine fever virus pA104R protein acts as a suppressor of type I interferon signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169699. [PMID: 37089552 PMCID: PMC10119599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the role of the late viral protein, pA104R, in African swine fever virus immunosuppression. ASFV-encoded pA104R is a putative histone-like protein that is highly conserved throughout different virulent and non-virulent isolates. Previous studies have demonstrated that pA104R plays a vital role in the ASFV replication cycle and is a potential target for antiviral therapy. Here, we demonstrated that pA104R is a potent antagonist of type I interferon signaling. IFN-stimulated response element activity and subsequent transcription of co-transfected and endogenous interferon-stimulated genes were attenuated by pA104R treatment in HEK-293 T cells. Immunoprecipitation assay and reciprocal pull-down showed that pA104R does not interact directly with STAT1, STAT2, or IRF9. However, pA104R could inhibit IFN signaling by attenuating STAT1 phosphorylation, and we identified the critical amino acid residues (R/H69,72 and K/R92,94,97) involved through the targeted mutation functional assays. Although pA104R is a histone-like protein localized to the nucleus, it did not inhibit IFN signaling through its DNA-binding capacity. In addition, activation of the ISRE promoter by IRF9-Stat2(TA), a STAT1-independent pathway, was inhibited by pA104R. Further results revealed that both the transcriptional activation and recruitment of transcriptional stimulators by interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 were not impaired. Although we failed to determine a mechanism for pA104R-mediated IFN signaling inhibition other than attenuating the phosphorylation of STAT1, these results might imply a possible involvement of epigenetic modification by ASFV pA104R. Taken together, these findings support that pA104R is an antagonist of type I interferon signaling, which may interfere with multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shibang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhankui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixinjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangru Wang,
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Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus from Pig Farms in South Korea during Outbreaks in 2019-2021. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122621. [PMID: 36560625 PMCID: PMC9784228 DOI: 10.3390/v14122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In South Korea, a total of 21 African swine fever (ASF) infected farms were confirmed during 2019-2021. ASF viruses (ASFVs) were isolated from the blood and spleen samples of the 21 affected farms and their genetic characteristics were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 21 Korean ASFV strains belonged to p72 genotype II and serogroup 8. All isolates were of the intergenic region (IGR) II variant with 10 tandem repeat sequences between I73R and I329L and the central variable region (CVR) 1 variant of the B602L gene. There were no IGR variations between the A179L and A137R and between the MGF 505 9R and10R nor mutations in the O174L, K145R, MGF 505-5R, CP204L, and Bt/Sj regions. The genes of the 21 ASFV strains were identical to those of Georgia 2007/1 and Chinese and Vietnamese strains (Pig/HLJ/2018, China/2018/AnhuiXCGQ, and ASFV_NgheAn_2019); however, X69R of the J268L region of the 18th isolate (Korea/Pig/Goseong/2021) had three nucleotide (CTA) insertions at the 209th position, which led to the addition of one tyrosine (Y) at the C-terminal. This suggests that there are variations among ASFVs circulating in South Korea and the 18th ASFV-infected farm was due to a variant different from those of the other 20 pig farms.
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Liu S, Ding P, Du Y, Ren D, Chen Y, Li M, Sun X, Wang S, Chang Z, Li R, Zhang G. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular domain of African swine fever virus structural protein, CD2v. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1056117. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a DNA double-stranded virus with high infectivity and mortality, causing a devastating blow to the pig industry and the world economy. The CD2v protein is an essential immunoprotective protein of ASFV. In this study, we expressed the extracellular region of the CD2v protein in the 293F expression system to achieve proper glycosylation. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared by immunizing mice with the recombinant CD2v protein. Eventually, four mAbs that target the extracellular region of the ASFV CD2v protein were obtained. All four mAbs responded well to the ASFV HLJ/18 strain and recognized the same linear epitope, 154SILE157. The specific shortest amino acid sequence of this epitope has been accurately identified for the first time. Meaningfully, the 154SILE157 epitope was highly conformed in the ASFV Chinese epidemic strain and Georgia2008/1 strains according to the analysis of the conservation and have a fair protective effect. These findings contribute to further understanding of the protein function of CD2v and provide potential support for the development of diagnostic tools and vaccines for ASFV.
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Gu K, Ma P, Song Z, Yang M, Yang X, Li C, Zhou C, Ju Z, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang X, Lei C, Wang H. Ferritin-displayed antigen nanoparticles and nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusions based-competitive ELISA for the rapid and sensitive detection of antibody against African swine fever virus. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang A, Wu S, Duan X, Zhao H, Dong H, Ren J, Zhang M, Li J, Duan H, Zhang G. K205R specific nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusions as reagents of competitive ELISA to detect African swine fever virus serum antibodies. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:321. [PMID: 35987654 PMCID: PMC9392344 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease and often lethal, which has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. Due to lacking of commercial vaccine, the prevention and control of ASF largely depend on early large-scale detection and screening. So far, the commercial ELISA kits have a long operation time and are expensive, making it difficult to achieve large-scale clinical applications. Nanobodies are single-domain antibodies produced by camelid animals, and have unique advantages such as smaller molecular weight, easy genetic engineering modification and low-costing of mass production, thus exhibiting good application prospects. Results The present study developed a new method for detection of ASFV specific antibodies using nanobody-horseradish peroxidase (Nb-HRP) fusion proteins as probe. By using camel immunization, phage library construction and phage display technology, five nanobodies against K205R protein were screened. Then, Nb-HRP fusion proteins were produced using genetic modification technology. Based on the Nb-HRP fusion protein as specific antibodies against K205R protein, a new type of cELISA was established to detect ASFV antibodies in pig serum. The cut-off value of the cELISA was 34.8%, and its sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility were good. Furthermore, the developed cELISA exhibited 99.3% agreement rate with the commercial available ELISA kit (kappa value = 0.98). Conclusions The developed cELISA method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid and low-costing, and can be used for monitoring of ASFV infection in pigs, thus providing a new method for the prevention and control of ASF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03423-0.
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Duan X, Ru Y, Yang W, Ren J, Hao R, Qin X, Li D, Zheng H. Research progress on the proteins involved in African swine fever virus infection and replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947180. [PMID: 35935977 PMCID: PMC9353306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic and highly contagious infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which infects domestic pigs or wild boars. It is characterized by short course of disease, high fever and hemorrhagic lesions, with mortality of up to 100% from acute infection. Up to now, the lack of commercial vaccines and effective drugs has seriously threatened the healthy economic development of the global pig industry. ASFV is a double-stranded DNA virus and genome varies between about 170-194 kb, which encodes 150-200 viral proteins, including 68 structural proteins and more than 100 non-structural proteins. In recent years, although the research on structure and function of ASFV-encoded proteins has been deepened, the structure and infection process of ASFV are still not clear. This review summarizes the main process of ASFV infection, replication and functions of related viral proteins to provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for ASFV research and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongzeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haixue Zheng,
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Machuka EM, Juma J, Muigai AWT, Amimo JO, Pelle R, Abworo EO. Transcriptome profile of spleen tissues from locally-adapted Kenyan pigs (Sus scrofa) experimentally infected with three varying doses of a highly virulent African swine fever virus genotype IX isolate: Ken12/busia.1 (ken-1033). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:522. [PMID: 35854219 PMCID: PMC9294756 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease affecting domestic pigs resulting in up to 100% mortality rates caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). The locally-adapted pigs in South-western Kenya have been reported to be resilient to disease and harsh climatic conditions and tolerate ASF; however, the mechanisms by which this tolerance is sustained remain largely unknown. We evaluated the gene expression patterns in spleen tissues of these locally-adapted pigs in response to varying infective doses of ASFV to elucidate the virus-host interaction dynamics. Methods Locally adapted pigs (n = 14) were experimentally infected with a high dose (1x106HAD50), medium dose (1x104HAD50), and low dose (1x102HAD50) of the highly virulent genotype IX ASFV Ken12/busia.1 (Ken-1033) isolate diluted in PBS and followed through the course of infection for 29 days. The in vivo pig host and ASFV pathogen gene expression in spleen tissues from 10 pigs (including three from each infective group and one uninfected control) were analyzed in a dual-RNASeq fashion. We compared gene expression between three varying doses in the host and pathogen by contrasting experiment groups against the naïve control. Results A total of 4954 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected after ASFV Ken12/1 infection, including 3055, 1771, and 128 DEGs in the high, medium, and low doses, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched for genes involved in the innate immune response, inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis in lethal dose groups. The surviving low dose group suppressed genes in pathways of physiopathological importance. We found a strong association between severe ASF pathogenesis in the high and medium dose groups with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and immunomodulation of cytokine expression possibly induced by overproduction of prostaglandin E synthase (4-fold; p < 0.05) or through downregulation of expression of M1-activating receptors, signal transductors, and transcription factors. The host-pathogen interaction resulted in induction of expression of immune-suppressive cytokines (IL-27), inactivation of autophagy and apoptosis through up-regulation of NUPR1 [5.7-fold (high dose) and 5.1-fold (medium dose) [p < 0.05] and IL7R expression. We detected repression of genes involved in MHC class II antigen processing and presentation, such as cathepsins, SLA-DQB1, SLA-DOB, SLA-DMB, SLA-DRA, and SLA-DQA in the medium and high dose groups. Additionally, the host-pathogen interaction activated the CD8+ cytotoxicity and neutrophil machinery by increasing the expression of neutrophils/CD8+ T effector cell-recruiting chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL10, CCL23, CCL4, CXCL8, and CXCL13) in the lethal high and medium dose groups. The recovered pigs infected with ASFV at a low dose significantly repressed the expression of CXCL10, averting induction of T lymphocyte apoptosis and FUNDC1 that suppressed neutrophilia. Conclusions We provide the first in vivo gene expression profile data from locally-adapted pigs from south-western Kenya following experimental infection with a highly virulent ASFV genotype IX isolate at varying doses that mimic acute and mild disease. Our study showed that the locally-adapted pigs induced the expression of genes associated with tolerance to infection and repression of genes involved in inflammation at varying levels depending upon the ASFV dose administered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08754-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Magoma Machuka
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - John Juma
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Joshua Oluoch Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Roger Pelle
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Edward Okoth Abworo
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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SPR-Based Detection of ASF Virus in Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137463. [PMID: 35806467 PMCID: PMC9267641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most dangerous hemorrhagic infectious diseases that affect domestic and wild pigs. Currently, neither a vaccine nor effective treatments are available for this disease. As regards the degree of virulence, ASFV strains can be divided into high, moderate, or low virulence. The main detection methods are based on the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to prevent an uncontrolled spread of ASF, new on-site techniques that can enable the identification of an early-stage disease are needed. We have developed a specific immunological SPR-based assay for ASFV antigen detection directly in liquid samples. The developed assay allows us to detect the presence of ASFV at the dose of 103 HAD50/mL.
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Wang C, Qiu S, Xiao Y, Yu H, Li H, Wu S, Feng C, Lin X. Development of a Blocking ELISA Kit for Detection of ASFV Antibody Based on a Monoclonal Antibody against Full Length p72. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1428-1436. [PMID: 35595230 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiologic agent of African swine fever (ASF), a disease of highly contagious and significant threat to pork production. At present, the sensitive detection methods are the keys to the disease control. OBJECTIVE Full length p72 is produced by eukaryotic system and its monoclonal antibody (mAb) 34C10 is subsequently recovered. A blocking ELISA kit for detection of ASFV antibody is developed based on p72 trimers and 34C10. METHODS Full length p72 is expressed and is used as immunogen to prepare a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The mAb 34C10 is verified by immunofluorescent and tested by ELISAs with positive serums. The constant affinity of 34C10 is then confirmed. A blocking ELISA kit is further developed and is compared with two commercial kits. RESULTS The mAb 34C10 is specifically bound to p72 protein, and it exhibits blocking affection to positive serum. IFA experiment shows that 34C10 could bind to p72 expressed by baculoviruses and the binding affinity of 34C10 is found to be as high as 1.85 × 1011 L/mol. The blocking ELISA kit shows high coincidence with a commercial ELISA kit. The sensitivity between these two kits is 97.6% (95%, CI: 90.65-99.58) and the specificity between them is 100% (95%, CI: 98.34-100). CONCLUSION The blocking ELISA developed in this study may have great potential for diagnosis of ASF. The structure of the antigen p72 is found to be a key factor for the performance of the kit. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, the eukaryotic expressed full-length p72 protein is utilized to recover the monoclonal antibody and it is coated as antigen during the development of the blocking ELISA kit. This study sheds new light on the development of the blocking ELISA kits, especially for the development of diagnostic kit for the contagious virus with bio-safety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Songyin Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Chongqing Animal Disease Control Center, Chongqing, 401120 China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Xiangmei Lin
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
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Ma C, Li S, Yang F, Cao W, Liu H, Feng T, Zhang K, Zhu Z, Liu X, Hu Y, Zheng H. FoxJ1 inhibits African swine fever virus replication and viral S273R protein decreases the expression of FoxJ1 to impair its antiviral effect. Virol Sin 2022; 37:445-454. [PMID: 35513267 PMCID: PMC9243675 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic swine infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar, which is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASF has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry and seriously threatens global food security and livestock health. To date, there is no safe and effective commercial vaccine against ASF. Unveiling the underlying mechanisms of ASFV-host interplay is critical for developing effective vaccines and drugs against ASFV. In the present study, RNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis revealed that the transcriptional and protein levels of the host factor FoxJ1 were significantly down-regulated in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected by ASFV. RT-qPCR analysis showed that overexpression of FoxJ1 upregulated the transcription of type I interferon and interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) induced by poly(dA:dT). FoxJ1 revealed a function to positively regulate innate immune response, therefore, suppressing the replication of ASFV. In addition, Western blotting analysis indicated that FoxJ1 degraded ASFV MGF505-2R and E165R proteins through autophagy pathway. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that ASFV S273R inhibited the expression of FoxJ1. Altogether, we determined that FoxJ1 plays an antiviral role against ASFV replication, and ASFV protein impairs FoxJ1-mediated antiviral effect by degradation of FoxJ1. Our findings provide new insights into the antiviral function of FoxJ1, which might help design antiviral drugs or vaccines against ASFV infection. FoxJ1 inhibits ASFV replication by degrading ASFV MGF505-2R and E165R proteins via autophagy. FoxJ1 enhances type I IFN response, showing an essential antiviral role. ASFV S273R protein inhibits FoxJ1 expression to impair its antiviral effect.
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African swine fever virus: A raised global upsurge and a continuous threaten to pig husbandry. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Novel P22-monoclonal antibody based blocking ELISA for the detection of african swine fever virus antibodies in serum. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Development of a p72 trimer-based colloidal gold strip for detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2703-2714. [PMID: 35291024 PMCID: PMC8923092 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and often lethal swine viral disease, and leads to tremendous economic losses to the swine industry. Unfortunately, there are no vaccines and effective antiviral agents available to prevent and control ASFV outbreaks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple and rapid strategies to monitor ASFV-infected pigs to restrain its spread. In the current study, ASFV capsid protein p72 was expressed along with its chaperone pB602L to form trimers in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. The p72 trimers were subsequently labeled with colloidal gold to develop a immunochromatographic strip. The strip showed high specificity to ASFV-positive serum and no cross-reactivity to other swine virus positive sera. Importantly, the strip showed a higher sensitivity of detecting ASFV antibodies in both positive standard serum and clinical serum samples than a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Taken together, these results demonstrate the strip as a reliable diagnostic tool against ASFV infection, which will be appropriate for application in prevention and control of ASFV. Key points • ASFV p72 trimers were successfully generated. • A colloidal gold strip was developed based on ASFV p72 trimers. • The strip is appropriate for detecting ASFV antibodies in the field.
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Zhou G, Shi Z, Luo J, Cao L, Yang B, Wan Y, Wang L, Song R, Ma Y, Tian H, Zheng H. Preparation and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus P30 protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1199-1210. [PMID: 35089400 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute, febrile, and highly contagious diseases in swine. Early diagnosis is critically important for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in the absence of an effective vaccine. P30 is one of the most immunogenic proteins that are produced during the early stage of an ASFV infection. This makes P30 a good serological target for ASF detection and surveillance. In this study, two P30-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 2H2 and 5E8, were generated from mice immunized with recombinant P30 protein (rP30). Epitope mapping was performed with overlapping polypeptides, alanine mutants, and synthetic peptides. The mapping results revealed that 2H2 recognized a region located in the N-terminal, 16-48 aa. In contrast, 5E8 recognized a linear epitope in the C-terminal, 122-128 aa. Further analysis indicated that the epitope recognized by 2H2 was highly conserved in genotypes I and II, while the 5E8 epitope was conserved in most genotypes and the Ser to Pro change at position 128 in genotypes IV, V, and VI did not affect recognition. Overall, the results of this study provide valuable information on the antigenic regions of ASFV P30 and lay the foundation for the serological diagnosis of ASF and vaccine research. KEY POINTS: • Two specific and reactive mAbs were prepared and their epitopes were identified. • 2H2 recognized a novel epitope highly conserved in genotypes I and II. • 5E8 recognized a seven-amino acid linear epitope highly conserved in most genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Ying Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Zhong K, Zhu M, Yuan Q, Deng Z, Feng S, Liu D, Yuan X. Development of an Indirect ELISA to Detect African Swine Fever Virus pp62 Protein-Specific Antibodies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:798559. [PMID: 35097046 PMCID: PMC8792508 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.798559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly detrimental viral disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The occurrence and prevalence of this disease have become a serious threat to the global swine industry and national economies. At present, the detection volume of African swine fever is huge, more sensitive and accurate detection techniques are needed for the market. pp62 protein, as a protein in the late stage of infection, has strong antigenicity and a high corresponding antibody titer in infected pigs. In this study, the CP530R gene was cloned into expression vector pET-28a to construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid, which was induced by IPTG to express soluble pp62 protein. Western blot analysis showed that it had great reactivity. Using the purified recombinant protein as an antigen, an indirect ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibody was established. The method was specific only to ASFV-positive serum, 1:1600 diluted positive serum could still be detected, and the coefficients of variation (CV) of the intra assay and inter assay were both <10%. It turns out that the assays had excellent specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. This provides an accurate, rapid, and economical method for the detection of ASFV antibody in clinical pig serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhong
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Qichao Yuan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Zhibang Deng
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Simeng Feng
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaomin Yuan
| | - Xiaomin Yuan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
- Daoxin Liu
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