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Cheng D, Chen Z, Zhou J, Cao Y, Xie X, Wu Y, Li X, Wang X, Yu J, Yang B. Association between brominated flame retardants (PBDEs and PBB153) exposure and hypertension in U.S. adults: results from NHANES 2005-2016. Environ Health 2024; 23:64. [PMID: 39003460 PMCID: PMC11245865 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) have attracted widespread concern due to their environmental persistence and potential toxicity. This study aims to examine the association between BFRs exposure and hypertension. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005 to 2016 for the cross-sectional analysis. To evaluate the individual and combined impacts of BFRs exposure on hypertension, we utilized multivariate models, including generalized additive models, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. RESULTS 9882 individuals (48% male) aged ≥ 20 were included in the final analysis, of whom 4114 had hypertension. After controlling for potential covariates, higher serum concentrations of PBDE100 (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and PBDE153 (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.88) were significantly associated with hypertension. A nonlinear relationship between PBDE28 and hypertension was observed (P = 0.03). Moreover, BFRs mixture were positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension in both the WQS (β:1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17; P = 0.02) and BKMR models. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that BFRs exposure is positively associated with hypertension in the general population. To confirm this association and elucidate the mechanisms, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yizhang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xuecheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China.
| | - Jinbo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China.
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
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Durante CA, Manhães B, Santos-Neto EB, Azevedo ADF, Crespo EA, Lailson-Brito J. Natural and anthropogenic organic brominated compounds in the southwestern Atlantic ocean: Bioaccumulation in coastal and oceanic dolphin species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:123005. [PMID: 37995959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution is considered a current driver of change in the oceans and despite the urgency to develop more studies, there is limited information in the southern hemisphere. This study aimed to analyze the levels and profiles of natural (MeO-PBDEs) and anthropogenic (BFRs: PBDEs, HBB, PBEB) organic brominated compounds in adipose tissue of two species of dolphins with different distribution and trophic requirements from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean; the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and the Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei). In addition, we aim to investigate maternal transfer and biological pattern relationship (sex, age, sexual maturity) in short-beaked common dolphin bioaccumulation. The levels of both groups of contaminants were in the same order of magnitude as those reported for other marine mammals on both a regional and global scale. BFRs profiles were dominated by BDE 28 and BDE 47 in short-beaked common dolphin and Fraser's dolphin, respectively, whereas 2-MeO-BDE 68 was the most abundant natural compound in both species. Evidence of maternal transfer, temporary increase in BDE 154 levels and no influence of sex, age, or sexual maturity on brominated compound concentration was observed in short-beaked common dolphin. This study fills a gap in the knowledge of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean providing new information on emerging organic pollutants bioavailability for dolphins and, therefore, for the different trophic webs. In addition, it serves as a baseline for further contamination assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alberto Durante
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos - Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Bárbara Manhães
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elitieri Batista Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre de Freitas Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Enrique Alberto Crespo
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos - Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Berger ML, Shaw SD, Rolsky CB, Chen D, Sun J, Rosing-Asvid A, Granquist SM, Simon M, Bäcklin BM, Roos AM. Alternative and legacy flame retardants in marine mammals from three northern ocean regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122255. [PMID: 37517638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are globally distributed contaminants that have been linked to negative health effects in humans and wildlife. As top predators, marine mammals bioaccumulate flame retardants and other contaminants in their tissues which is one of many human-imposed factors threatening population health. While some flame retardants, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), have been banned because of known toxicity and environmental persistence, limited data exist on the presence and distribution of current-use alternative flame retardants in marine mammals from many industrialized and remote regions of the world. Therefore, this study measured 44 legacy and alternative flame retardants in nine marine mammal species from three ocean regions: the Northwest Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Baltic allowing for regional, species, age, body condition, temporal, and tissue comparisons to help understand global patterns. PBDE concentrations were 100-1000 times higher than the alternative brominated flame retardants (altBFRs) and Dechloranes. 2,2',4,5,5'-pentabromobiphenyl (BB-101) and hexabromobenzene (HBBZ) were the predominant altBFRs, while Dechlorane-602 was the predominant Dechlorane. This manuscript also reports only the second detection of hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) in marine mammals. The NW Atlantic had the highest PBDE concentrations followed by the Baltic and Arctic which reflects greater historical use of PBDEs in North America compared to Europe and greater industrialization of North America and Baltic countries compared to the Arctic. Regional patterns for other compounds were more complicated, and there were significant interactions among species, regions, body condition and age class. Lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations in harbor seal liver and blubber were similar, but HBBZ and many Dechloranes had higher concentrations in liver, indicating factors other than lipid dynamics affect the distribution of these compounds. The health implications of contamination by this mixture of compounds are of concern and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Berger
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA.
| | - Susan D Shaw
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Charles B Rolsky
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, CN-266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Sandra Magdalena Granquist
- Seal Research Department, The Icelandic Seal Center, Höfðabraut 6, 530 Hvammstangi, Iceland; Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Fornubúðir 5, 220 Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Malene Simon
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Britt-Marie Bäcklin
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Roos
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland; Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sousa-Guedes D, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO, Semedo D, Sillero N, Marco A, Bessa F. Can plastic pollution contaminate loggerhead turtle nests? Evaluation of flame retardants (PBDEs) levels in the sand. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115550. [PMID: 37722265 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global environmental issue affecting multiple ecosystems, namely sea turtle nesting grounds. We analysed the potential chemical contamination caused by plastic debris in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests, focusing on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, a class of flame retardants). For that, we conducted a field experiment in a turtle hatchery (Cabo Verde) by placing plastic fragments in the nests at two depths: surface and ~20 cm. We evaluated the nests' success and quantified the levels of PBDEs in the sand using GC-MS/MS. Our results suggest that plastics on the nests' surface can leak contaminants, infiltrating the sand up to 20 cm. Buried plastics showed no relevant leakage of chemicals. While hatching and emergence success was unaffected, we found a relationship between leucistic embryos and contamination levels. Our study highlights the threats of plastic accumulation on beaches, which can potentially leak chemicals and contaminate turtle nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sousa-Guedes
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; BIOS.CV - Conservation of the Environment and Sustainable Development, CP 52111 Sal Rei, Boa Vista Island, Cabo Verde; Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV/Requimte, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV/Requimte, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Semedo
- BIOS.CV - Conservation of the Environment and Sustainable Development, CP 52111 Sal Rei, Boa Vista Island, Cabo Verde
| | - Neftalí Sillero
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Adolfo Marco
- BIOS.CV - Conservation of the Environment and Sustainable Development, CP 52111 Sal Rei, Boa Vista Island, Cabo Verde; Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Filipa Bessa
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Pocar P, Grieco V, Aidos L, Borromeo V. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects in Pet Dogs and Cats: An Overview. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030378. [PMID: 36766267 PMCID: PMC9913107 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, several pollutants classified as environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have become a matter of significant public health concern. Companion animals play a major role in human society, and pet ownership is substantially increasing worldwide. These intimate human-pet relationships imply sharing much of the same environment, thus including exposure to similar levels of EDCs in daily routine. Here, we review the current knowledge on the sources and routes of exposure to EDCs in domestic indoor and outdoor environments and discuss whether endocrine disruption is a health concern in pets. We summarize the phenomenon of endocrine disruption, providing examples of EDCs with a known impact on dog and cat health. Then, we propose an overview of the literature on the adverse effects of EDCs in domestic pets, with a special focus on the health of reproductive and thyroid systems. Finally, we explore the potential role of companion animals as unintentional sentinels of environmental exposure to EDCs and the implications for public health risk assessment in a "shared risk" scenario. Overall, this review supports the need for an integrated approach considering humans, animals, and the environment as a whole for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of EDCs on human and animal health.
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Su M, Zhu Z, Li T, Jin J, Hu J. Levels, profiles and potential human health risks of brominated and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around three different types of industrial areas in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157506. [PMID: 35868385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Br-PAHs) are an emerging class of persistent organic pollutants with toxicity similar to dioxins. Industrial thermal processes have been identified as major sources of Br-PAHs in the current environment. However, studies on soil contaminations with Br-PAHs around industrial areas were scarce. In this study, 18 Br-PAHs and 16 PAHs were analyzed in soils around an electronic waste dismantling area (EDA), an industrial area that mainly performed steel smelting (SSP), and an industrial area mainly performed secondary copper smelting (SCS). The mean concentrations of Br-PAHs and PAHs were 1362 pg/g and 1034 ng/g, 582 pg/g and 13,938 ng/g, and 307 pg/g and 2211 ng/g in the soil around EDA, SSP, and SCS, respectively. The order of Br-PAH concentrations among three industrial areas was inconsistent with that of PAHs, suggesting that there may be some differences in contamination characteristics of Br-PAHs in three types of industrial areas. The significant correlation between Br-PAHs and parent PAHs indicated that direct bromination may be the main formation pathway of Br-PAHs in soils in EDA. The result of principal component analysis further revealed that the congener pattern of Br-PAHs in soils around EDA is different from that of SSP and SCS. It was found that the ratio of 1-BrPyr and 3-BrFlu can be applied to identify environmental contamination with Br-PAHs from e-waste dismantling. The health risk assessment results showed that there were some soil samples with carcinogenic risks above the risk threshold in each industrial area, and deserve our concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Su
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianwei Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Yan M, Zhu H, Shi Y, Xu K, Chen S, Zou Q, Sun H, Kannan K. Profiling of multiple classes of flame retardants in house dust in China: Pattern analysis and human exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:120012. [PMID: 36007786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Legacy [e.g., brominated- (BFRs)] and alternative [e.g., organophosphate- (OPFRs) and nitrogenous- (NFRs)] flame retardants have a propensity to migrate out of consumer products, and thus are dispersed in indoor microenvironments. In this study, simultaneous presence of 11 BFRs, 18 OPFRs and 11 NFRs were measured in house dust collected from Tianjin, China. OPFRs were found at the highest concentrations, with a median value of 3200 ng/g, followed by NFRs (2600) and BFRs (1600). Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (median: 1800 ng/g), melamine (1100), and BDE-209 (870) were the top three most abundant chemicals in the respective groups. Location-specific patterns of flame retardant concentrations were found with 30%, 20% and 10% of samples were predominated by OPFRs, NFRs and BFRs, respectively, and the remaining samples contained by two or more of the chemical groups occurring concurrently. Network and cluster analysis results indicated the existence of multiple sources of flame retardants in the indoor microenvironment. Estimated human daily intakes via indoor dust ingestion were approximately several tens of ng/kg bw/day and were below their respective reference dose values. Our results indicate widespread occurrence of multiple flame retardant families in indoor dust and suggest need for continued monitoring and efforts to reduce exposures through dust ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yumeng Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ke Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shucong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Madgett AS, Yates K, Webster L, McKenzie C, Brownlow A, Moffat CF. The concentration and biomagnification of PCBs and PBDEs across four trophic levels in a marine food web. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119752. [PMID: 35841989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Maine Environment of the North-East Atlantic are required to undertake monitoring and assessment of both inorganic and organic contaminants. There is a requirement to assess contaminants across different trophic levels on an ecosystem-specific basis. However, this is currently constrained by the availability of relevant samples to cover the full range of trophic levels. This study investigates the variability (inter- and intra-species variation) of the concentrations and distributions of thirty-two polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and nine polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in twenty-six species covering four trophic levels from different geographic locations around Scotland. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were calculated using a traditional method and a balanced method for both the ICES-7 PCBs and BDE47, to refine and improve the application of TMFs to assess and predict biomagnification risk to biota in the marine environment. There were clear differences in congener percentage distribution between sample categories and species, with differences influenced by physiological processes and eco-biological parameters. Trophic magnification was found to occur for the ICES-7 PCBs and BDE47 using the traditional method, with the highest degree of trophic magnification reported for CB52. An unbalanced dataset was found to influence the calculated TMF and in some cases, the overall conclusion of the trophic transfer of PCB and PBDE congeners. The balanced method is highly recommended for calculating TMFs to ensure that the TMF is a true indication of the biomagnification potential, particularly when conducting regional comparisons for which sampling requirements are difficult to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethea S Madgett
- University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7JG, UK; Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK.
| | - Kyari Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7JG, UK
| | - Lynda Webster
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | | | - Andrew Brownlow
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin F Moffat
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7JG, UK
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Enhancement of Thermal Stability, Conductivity and Smoke Suppression of Polyethylene Composites with Exfoliated MoS 2 Functionalized with Magnetite. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work reports a facile fabrication method to modify exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (e-MoS2) nanosheets with magnetite nanoparticles with various size distribution. The obtained materials have been utilized as nanofillers of polyethylene to enhance its thermal properties and flame retardance. The incorporation of magnetite modified MoS2 nanosheets leads to the reduction of the peak heat release rate. The best thermal conductivity has been noticed for composites with e-MoS2/Fe3O4 with 2 wt. % of nanofillers. The lowest CO emission was observed for the PE/e-MoS2 composite containing also 2 wt. % of Fe3O4. All composites with exfoliated MoS2 exhibited greater thermal properties in respect to the pristine polyethylene.
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Beltrán EM, González-Doncel M, García-Mauriño JE, Hortigüela PG, Pablos MV. Effects of life cycle exposure to dietary 2,2', 4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 245:106133. [PMID: 35279506 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies conducted in our laboratory, which resorted to 40-day oral exposures to BDE-47 in specific developmental windows of medaka (Oryzias latipes) did not evidence effects on growing or breeding periods. In this new study, full life cycle (i.e. 140-day) dietary exposure to 1000 ng of BDE-47/g was performed with medaka to evaluate effects on growth and reproduction (i.e. fecundity, fertility, hatchability), and to analyze the bioacumulated BDE-47 in and transferred to offspring. No significant effects were observed for the biometric analyses during the growth and maturation periods and no biased sex ratios were found. Reproductive capacity was not affected by the presence of BDE-47 in diet. There was no evidence for apparent effects from parental exposure during embryo and eleutheroembryo development. The analytical results revealed steady BDE-47 bioaccumulation during the growing period, which remained in the reproductive phase in males, and a decreasing tendency was noted in females. These lowering BDE-47 levels in females coincided with the detected BDE-47 levels offloaded in embryos. In the 10-day-old post-hatch larvae, the BDE-47 concentrations dropped to comparatively lower values than the concentrations detected in parents. This finding suggests an efficient metabolic process in the eleutheroembryonic and post-eleutheroembryonic phases. Our 140-day dietary approach found no BDE-47 effects on medaka growth and reproduction, or in early progeny stages despite effective bioaccumulation and maternal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia María Beltrán
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel González-Doncel
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Enrique García-Mauriño
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria, E- 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García Hortigüela
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Pablos
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Song M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Gao H, Yang Z, Yu H, Liu Y. Human CYP enzyme-activated genotoxicity of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether in mammalian cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132784. [PMID: 34742755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting, neurotoxic, tumorigenic and DNA-damaging activities. They are hydroxylated by human liver microsomal CYP enzymes, however, their mutagenicity remains unknown. In this study, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether (BDE-47, relatively abundant in human tissues) was investigated for micronuclei induction and DNA damage in mammalian cells. The results indicated that BDE-47 up to 80 μM under a 6 h/18 h (exposure/recovery, covering 2 cell cycles) regime did not induce micronuclei in V79-Mz and V79-derived cell lines expressing human CYP1A1 or 1A2, while it was moderately positive in human CYP2B6-, 2E1-and 3A4-expressing cell lines (V79-hCYP2B6, V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 and V79-hCYP3A4-hOR, respectively). Following 24 h exposure, BDE-47 induced micronuclei in V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 and V79-hCYP3A4 cells at increased potencies. In the human hepatoma (HepG2) cells BDE-47 (48 h exposure) was inactive up to 40 μM, however, pretreatment of the cells with ethanol (0.2%, v:v, inducer of CYP2E1) or rifampicin (10 μM, inducer of CYP3A4) led to significant micronuclei formation by BDE-47; pretreatment with bisphenol AF (100 nM) also potentiated BDE-47-induced micronuclei formation (which was blocked by a CYP2E1 inhibitor trans-1,2-dichloroethylene or a CYP3A inhibitor (ketoconazole). Immunofluorescent staining of centromere protein B with the micronuclei formed by BDE-47 in HepG2 cells pretreated with ethanol or rifampicin demonstrated selective formation of centromere-containing micronuclei. The increased phosphorylation of both histones H2AX and H3 in HepG2 by BDE-47 also indicated an aneugenic potential. Therefore, this study suggests that BDE-47 is an aneugen activated by several human CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yujian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Zongying Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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12
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Nakajima R, Kawato M, Fujiwara Y, Tsuchida S, Ritchie H, Fujikura K. Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in deep-sea sharks from Suruga Bay, Japan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113427. [PMID: 35150990 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the prevalence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in deep-sea sharks. In this study, the levels and profiles of PBDEs were determined in liver samples of eight different species of deep-sea sharks collected in Suruga Bay, Japan. Widespread contamination of PBDEs in the deep-sea environment was reconfirmed in this study as these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were detected in all specimens analyzed. Mean ΣPBDE levels in the deep-sea sharks ranged from 7 to 517 ng/g of lipid weight. The distribution patterns of BDE homologues were similar in all species where tetra-BDEs provided the dominant contribution to total PBDEs (46%). PBDEs levels were similar to, or higher than, those seen in other deep-sea sharks from different regions. The levels of PBDEs were likely to reflect their feeding preferences as higher PBDE levels were seen in species with higher trophic positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kawato
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsuchida
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Heather Ritchie
- RZSS WildGenes, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katsunori Fujikura
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
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13
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Chierichetti MA, Scenna LB, Ondarza PM, Giorgini M, Di Giácomo E, Miglioranza KSB. Persistent organic pollutants and chlorpyrifos in the cockfish Callorhinchus callorynchus (Holocephali: Callorhynchidae) from Argentine coastal waters: Influence of sex and maturity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148761. [PMID: 34280633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants are of great environmental concern due to their negative impacts on coastal ecosystems, especially on highly vulnerable species as chondrichthyans. Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and chlorpyrifos was assessed in muscle, gonads, and liver of the cockfish Callorhinchus callorynchus for both sexes and maturity stages. This species has a wide distribution in South Atlantic Ocean and it is an important resource for coastal Argentine fisheries. Pollutants were quantified by gas chromatography with electron capture detector and the distribution pattern found in C. callorynchus was the following: (∑OCPs+chlorpyrifos) > ∑PCBs>∑PBDEs. Endosulfan was predominant among OCP groups, penta-CBs and hexaCBs among PCBs and BDE 47, 66, 99, and 100 in PBDE group. The highest levels were found in liver followed by muscle and gonads. The highest percentage of lipids was also observed in the liver. Moreover, the concentrations of ∑OCPs and ∑PCBs in C. callorynchus liver varied with maturity stage, and ∑OCPs also with sexes. Females presented higher values than males, and mature individuals showed higher concentrations than immature ones, according with biological parameters such as age, sex, maturity stage, metabolic and redistribution processes and habitat use influence. These results indicate that C. callorynchus reflects a historical and recent contamination in their tissues, and therefore, especially females, becomes as a good biomonitor of these pollutants in the marine environment. To our knowledge, this work represents one of the few investigations on the occurrence of POPs and chlorpyrifos in chondrichtyans from South Atlantic Ocean; therefore more research is mandatory for an adequate management and conservation of existing fisheries and aquatic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa A Chierichetti
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC) (UNMdP-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Lorena B Scenna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC) (UNMdP-CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Paola M Ondarza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC) (UNMdP-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Micaela Giorgini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC) (UNMdP-CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecología, UNMdP, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Di Giácomo
- Grupo CONDROS, Laboratorio de Recursos Icticos, Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera "Almirante Storni", Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Güemes 1030, R8520CXV San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC) (UNMdP-CONICET), Argentina
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14
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Chen W, Liu C, Wei B, Bao J, Wang Y, Hu J, Jin J, Zeng F. Uptake and translocation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the rhizosphere soil-crop-atmosphere system in e-waste dismantling areas in Taizhou, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130586. [PMID: 33945898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air, crop, and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from e-waste dismantling areas in Taizhou City (Zhejiang Province, China). The mean PBDEs (Polybrominated diphenyl ethers) concentrations in air in the Fengjiang and Binhai areas were 27.8 and 25.1 pg m-3, respectively (no significant difference, P > 0.05). The mean PBDE concentrations in rhizosphere soil from Fengjiang and Binhai were 9.19 × 104 and 1.34 × 103 pg g-1 dry weight, respectively (no significant difference, P > 0.05). The mean PBDE concentrations in the crop samples from Fengjiang and Binhai were 1.38 × 103 and 6.64 × 102 pg g-1 dry weight, respectively (no significant difference, P > 0.05). PBDEs with≥6 bromine atoms (BDEs-153, -154, -183, and -190) were not translocated from the crop roots to other tissues. PBDEs were taken up by crops selectively. The root epidermis effectively prevented PBDEs from entering edible crop parts and kept the PBDE concentrations in edible roots low. PBDEs with≤5 bromine atoms (BDEs-15, -28, -47, -66, -85, -99, and -100) were selectively enriched from the rhizosphere soil into crop roots, but PBDEs with more bromine substituents were not transferred from the rhizosphere soil to the crop roots. PBDEs with≥6 bromine atoms were selectively enriched from the atmosphere into crop leaves. Crop roots and leaves took up PBDEs with ortho bromine substituents more readily than PBDEs with meta bromine substituents because the octanol-water partition coefficients are lower for ortho-brominated than meta-brominated PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Baokai Wei
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Junsong Bao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Beijing Food and Environmental Health Engineering Center, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Fangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, PR China.
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15
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Pietron WJ, Warenik-Bany M, Wozniak B. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in raw milk from different animal species and in infant formula. Occurrence and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130479. [PMID: 34126691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widespread, persistent in the environment, and classified as global pollutants. Their presence has been confirmed in various types of food which adversely affect human health when consumed in sufficient amounts. Although milk has advantageous nutritional qualities and there are health benefits associated with its consumption, it could also contain toxic PBDEs. The aim of the study was the determination of the concentrations of ten congeners (BDE -28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183, and 209) in cow's, sheep's, and goat's milk obtained from Polish farms and their determination in infant formula. A total of 103 samples of raw milk and infant formula were tested using an accredited high-resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry method. PBDEs were detected in all analyzed samples, the highest concentration being found in sheep's milk (11.9 ng g-1 fat), and cow's milk containing the least contamination. BDE-209 makes the predominant contribution to the sum of the ten congeners, constituting at least 38%. The profiles of PBDEs were dependent on the milk type and the differences between its varieties are discussed. The highest median concentration of the sum of ten PBDEs (0.473 ng g-1 fat) was determined in infant formula, which was identified as an important source of infants' exposure (5.48 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 calculated based on P95 concentration). Milk is a source of PBDE in the diet; however, considered in isolation its consumption does not pose a risk to either adults' or children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jerzy Pietron
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Warenik-Bany
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Barbara Wozniak
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
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16
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Portet-Koltalo F, Guibert N, Morin C, de Mengin-Fondragon F, Frouard A. Evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants from various materials in professional seating furnishing wastes from French flows. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:108-116. [PMID: 34120076 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardants that are used in polymeric materials. Due to their adverse health effects, the use of recycled wastes has been forbidden if the total PBDE content exceeds 0.1% (w/w). The objective was to estimate the proportion of PBDEs in professional seating furnishing wastes to identify the materials in which the content of PBDEs (and particularly BDE-209) could exceed the limit to eliminate them from recycling. An analytical process (microwave extraction followed by purification and chromatographic analysis) was adapted to assess with a unique methodology the amounts of eight PBDEs in materials that result from various seating wastes, such as hard plastics, foams and accompanying textiles. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to rapidly predict critical PBDE concentrations via Br. From 100 samples, the total PBDE content did not exceed the current tolerated threshold. The examined materials contained only trace levels of former PBDE formulations, and BDE-209 was identified at higher amounts, mainly in hard plastics, but these amounts were less than 312 mg kg-1. Since XRF was not reliable for quantitative measurements and was not specific, no direct correlation could be identified between Br and PBDE levels. Br was strongly associated with As in all the materials, but the presence of PBDEs was not clearly associated with the presence of other metals that are used in flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - C Morin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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17
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Li J, Xu L, Zhou Y, Yin G, Wu Y, Yuan GL, Du X. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in soils indicate landfills as local sources in the Tibetan Plateau. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128341. [PMID: 33297267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Background contamination levels of contemporary persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be elevated due to local discharges, and hence it is of high importance to assess and monitor them in alpine and Polar Regions. This study investigated the role of waste disposal in the Tibetan plateau as the local source of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). SCCPs were determined in soils from the urban landfill and rural dumpsites, with a concentration range of 56.8-1348 ng/g dw. The gradient descent of SCCP levels from Lhasa landfill to the surrounding soils with increasing distances suggested a significant SCCP release from waste disposal. The transport pattern was well fitted by the Boltzmann equation after normalization in terms of soil organic carbon contents. Compared to the landfill cells closed in early years, the recently closed cells contained higher concentrations but lower proportions of the short-chain congener groups, likely reflecting the SCCP use history in Tibet. In open-burning dumpsites, higher SCCP levels and dominance of lighter congener groups indicates that such crude waste treatment process might cause an extra release of volatile SCCPs. This study elucidates local SCCP inputs to the background environment, and demonstrates that both urbanization and badly-managed landfill have been contributing to the presence of contemporary POPs in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ge Yin
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yan Wu
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Guo-Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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18
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Weijs L, Covaci A, Stevenson G, Kemper C, Tomo I, Leusch F. Concentrations of some legacy pollutants have increased in South Australian bottlenose dolphins from 1989 to 2014. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109834. [PMID: 32721651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Information about pollution and its potential impact in Australian marine wildlife is scarce. To fill this knowledge gap, our study investigated concentrations of legacy pollutants as well as naturally produced methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in blubber, liver, kidney and muscle of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) from two large inverse estuaries in South Australia from 1989 to 1995 and 2009-2014. Our results show that concentrations of most pollutant classes are relatively low compared to the literature but at the higher end of the ranges reported for marine mammals in Australia. Results for some individuals exceed toxicity thresholds indicative of immunotoxicity in marine mammals. It is important to note that concentrations of some compound classes, particularly PBDEs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), increased over a time interval of 20 years thereby placing more individuals at risk in recent years. Some of the highest concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured in juveniles, which may jeopardize their development and the success of future generations. These results indicate that legacy pollutants may play a role in the long-term health of T. aduncus and should be included in biomonitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Weijs
- Australian Rivers Institute (ARI), School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Gavin Stevenson
- Australian Ultra Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, 105 Delhi Rd, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - Catherine Kemper
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Ikuko Tomo
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Frederic Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute (ARI), School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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19
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Dashtbozorg M, Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė E, Riyahi Bakhtiari A. First report on polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Iranian Coral Islands: Concentrations, profiles, source apportionment, and ecological risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126397. [PMID: 32169708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are challenged by multiple stressors due to the growing industrialization. Despite that, data on their environment are still scarce, and no research is yet performed on polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Persian Gulf area. Seeking to fill in this gap, the present study aims to determine spatio-vertical distributions, source apportionment and ecological risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sediment cores and seawater samples from ten coral reef Islands in the Persian Gulf, Iran. Σ12PBDEs concentrations ranged from 0.42 ± 0.04 to 47.14 ± 1.35 ng g-1 dw in sediments, and from 1.17 ± 0.06 to 7.21 ± 1.13 ng L-1 in seawater. The vertical polybrominated diphenyl ethers distribution varied significantly among the sampling stations and different depths with a decreasing trend towards the surface and peaks around 12-20 cm. Both in the seawater and sediment samples, elevated polybrominated diphenyl ethers loadings were observed in highly industrialized areas. Deca-bromodiphenyl ether-209 was the predominant congener along the sediment cores, whereas Tetra-bromodiphenyl ether-47 and Penta-bromodiphenyl ether-100 dominated in seawater samples. Commercial Deca-bromodiphenyl ether mixture was found to be the major source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Penta-bromodiphenyl ether was revealed to be the major ecological risk driver in the study area: it posed medium to high-risk quotient to sediment dwelling organisms. This study indicated that coral reefs are playing an important role in retaining polybrominated diphenyl ethers and highlighted the need to manage polybrominated diphenyl ethers contamination in the coral reef environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dashtbozorg
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
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20
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Jeong Y, Lee Y, Park KJ, An YR, Moon HB. Accumulation and time trends (2003-2015) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blubber of finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) from Korean coastal waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121598. [PMID: 31732341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine mammals is of great concern and is associated with declining populations. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in blubber of finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) collected from Korean coastal waters in 2010 and 2015, to assess the concentrations, time trends, and ecotoxicological effects. Among the POPs measured, DDTs were detected at the highest concentrations, followed by PCBs and PBDEs. Significant age- and sex-dependent accumulation of POPs was evident for porpoises collected in 2010, but not for those collected in 2015. This finding may be a function of stabilization of POP concentrations over time. In our study, accumulation patterns of POPs were dependent on consumption patterns and physico-chemical properties of the contaminants, and on the metabolism in the porpoises. Significant reductions of POPs were found between 2003 and 2010, likely reflecting the impact of domestic and global regulation of POPs. However, no changes in most POPs were found between 2010 and 2015, suggesting a trend toward stabilization. Approximately 10 % and 27 % of porpoises exceeded previously proposed threshold levels for PCBs and DDTs, respectively, implying a potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsun Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyum Joon Park
- Cetacean Research Institute (CRI), National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Ulsan 44780, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Rock An
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Yan J, Karlsson A, Zou Z, Dai D, Edlund U. Contamination of heavy metals and metalloids in biomass and waste fuels: Comparative characterisation and trend estimation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134382. [PMID: 31698270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of contaminated biomass and waste fuels is essential for waste management, waste to energy (WtE) and mitigating carbon emissions. The contamination of heavy metals and metalloids is specially concerned by environmental regulation and waste to energy processes. In this study, comparative characterisation is performed for three typical contaminated biomass and waste fuels. i.e. recycled woods, combustible municipal solid waste, and industrial and commercial wastes. The contamination characteristics are further analysed using statistical methods (e.g. significance, correlation, profile, and principal component analyses) to identify specific contamination features, relations among the contaminants and potential contamination sources. Contamination trend is estimated based on the continuously monitoring fuel qualities, the driving forces for regulating and reduction of the contaminations, and potential changes in major contamination sources. The comparative characterisation combined with statistical analyses provides a better way to understand the contamination mechanisms. The approach can also relate the fuel contamination with the contamination sources and their changes for trend estimation. Generally, the toxic heavy metals and metalloids are expected to be significantly reduced due to stricter regulations, but there is no general trend for the reduction of other metals and metalloids because of the complicated changes in contamination sources and waste recycling streams in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Yan
- Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Vattenfall AB, SE-169 92 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Zhi Zou
- Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deliang Dai
- Economics and Statistics, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Harley JR, Gill VA, Lee S, Kannan K, Santana V, Burek-Huntington K, O'Hara TM. Concentrations of organohalogens (PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs) in hunted and stranded Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska from 1992 to 2010: Links to pathology and feeding ecology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:789-798. [PMID: 31326802 PMCID: PMC6711818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many organohalogen compounds (OHCs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in appreciable concentrations in marine predators. While production of some POPs has declined or ceased in recent decades, their capacity for global transport and bioaccumulation results in observations of unchanging or increasing concentrations in marine systems. Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been advocated as an environmental sentinel for contaminants due to their longevity, site fidelity and prey species that often overlap with human consumption. Using archived (1992-2010) samples of livers from Northern sea otters (n = 50) from Alaska we examine concentrations of chlordanes (CHLs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and associated metabolites. We found some evidence for declining ΣPCBs over the two decades, however for most animals concentrations were low compared to toxicological thresholds. Six animals had relatively high concentrations of ΣPCBs (mean = 262,000 ng/g lipid weight), ΣDDTs (mean = 8,800 ng/g lw), and ΣPBDEs (mean = 4,600 ng/g lw), with four of these six animals experiencing hepatic parasitism or hepatitis. In order to assess whether differences in POP concentrations are associated with feeding ecology, we examined stable isotopes of C and N in archived muscle and whisker samples. In general, there were no significant relationships between ΣPOP concentrations and stable isotope ratios. There were small differences in stable isotope profiles in animals with high POP concentrations, although it was unclear if these differences were due to feeding ecology or disease processes. This study highlights the importance of considering feeding ecology and necropsy (health and disease status) data while conducting contaminant surveys, and confirms some previous reports of trends in OHCs in Alaska marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Harley
- Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast, 11066 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
| | - Verena A Gill
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 341, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, 222 W. 7th Ave, Rm 552, Anchorage, AK 99513, USA
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Vanessa Santana
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 982 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7750, USA
| | - Kathy Burek-Huntington
- Alaska Veterinary Pathology Services, 23834 The Clearing Drive, Eagle River, AK 99577, USA
| | - Todd M O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 901 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7750, USA
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23
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Kim J, Staedelin L, Takser L, Abdelouahab N, Zhu J. Assessment of selected chlorinated and brominated flame retardants in human plasma samples among co-residing family members. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1035-1041. [PMID: 31252100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardants and five polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in 414 human plasma samples, (169 from children, 167 from mothers, and 78 from fathers), collected from 200 families between 2014 and 2016. The median concentration of ∑PBDEs (sum of BDE-47, -99, -100, -153 and -183) was 13.2 ng/g lipid for child, 9.03 ng/g lipid for mother and 12.7 ng/g lipid for father, respectively. Among the hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardants, Dec 602 was the most frequently detected chemical. Significant and positive correlations between the concentrations of PBDE congeners as well as between Dec 602 and Dec 603 were observed. Concentrations of PBDE congeners also showed significant and positive correlations in paired samples from family members (child-mother-father), while Dec 602 was the only hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardant whose concentrations correlated between family members, and only in mother-father paired samples. This is the largest study to date focusing on measuring and correlating HRFs in children and their parents living in the same household. The results convey important information on human exposure to measured HFRs, which can help researchers and regulators more clearly understand the influence of diet and the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchul Kim
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Luc Staedelin
- Department de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nadia Abdelouahab
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Weijs L, Leusch F, Covaci A. Concentrations of legacy persistent organic pollutants and naturally produced MeO-PBDEs in dugongs (Dugong dugon) from Moreton Bay, Australia. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:500-508. [PMID: 31096086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dugongs (Dugong dugon) are an iconic and strictly herbivorous species. They inhabit coastal areas, which brings them in contact with urban and agricultural pollutant sources, yet their exposure and susceptibility to environmental pollutants is still largely unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the presence of several legacy compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and pesticides as well as naturally produced MeO-PBDEs in male and female dugongs from Moreton Bay (n = 24), a semi-enclosed embayment close to Australia's third largest city, Brisbane. Results show that concentrations of all investigated compounds are low in general (<120 ng/g lipid weight) and below known toxicity thresholds established for marine mammals. However, concentrations found in this study are higher or comparable to concentrations in dugongs outside Moreton Bay or in sirenians worldwide. No temporal trends for POPs from 2001 until 2012 were found for adult animals suggesting that environmental changes are only slowly reflected in dugongs. Finally, pollutant profiles in dugongs are limited to the most persistent PCBs, pesticides and PBDEs that also dominate POP profiles in other marine mammal species in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Weijs
- Australian Rivers Institute (ARI), Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Frederic Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute (ARI), Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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25
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Zhao X, Lin X, Qu K, Xia B, Sun X, Chen B. Toxicity of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 on swimming behavior of the unicellular marine microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis and implications for seawater quality assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:408-416. [PMID: 30851538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants, have been extensively applied and eventually leached into the surrounding environment. Marine microalgae are not only the dominant primary producers of marine ecosystem, but also food source for aquaculture. PBDEs have been found to remarkably inhibit growth, photosynthesis and metabolism of marine microalgae. However, whether they also affect swimming behavior of marine motile microalgae remains unknown. We chose BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 as model PBDEs, and the unicellular marine green flagellate, Platymonas subcordiformis, as test organism to figure out this issue. After two-hour exposure, motile cells proportion (MOT), swimming velocity (VCL, VAP and VSL), and swimming pattern (LIN and STR) of P. subcordiformis were measured via computer assisted cell movement tracking. Results suggest that the three PBDEs not only reduced motile cells proportion and swimming velocity, but also altered swimming pattern. BDE-47 was more toxic than BDE-99, followed by BDE-153, indicating their toxicity decreased as bromination degree increases. Swimming ability of P. subcordiformis was even completely arrested when BDE-47 and BDE-99 at 32 μg/L. The impairment of swimming ability by PBDEs might thereby hinder growth and survival of marine microalgae, and subsequently threaten marine ecosystem and aquaculture industry. More importantly, this study implies that marine microalgae swimming behavior test is more efficiency and sensitive than traditional marine microalgal bioassays, like growth and photosynthesis tests. We suggest that although future work is needed, swimming behavior analysis of P. subcordiformis with MOT, VCL and VAP as endpoints can be developed as a low-cost, convenient, fast, reliable and sensitive method for seawater quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xingguan Lin
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, PR China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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26
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Pietron W, Pajurek M, Mikolajczyk S, Maszewski S, Warenik-Bany M, Piskorska-Pliszczynska J. Exposure to PBDEs associated with farm animal meat consumption. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:58-64. [PMID: 30807914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the ways to reduce the number of fires and the amount of damage caused by them is to use flame retardants (FRs). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), like other FRs, have been used in a wide array of easily flammable products. As they are not chemically bonded with materials, PBDEs can be released from polymers into the environment. PBDEs can act as endocrine disruptors and affect neurological and thyroid activity. Although human intake of PBDEs is mainly through food, data about meat as a PBDE source and human exposure through diet are limited. The objective of the present study was to develop a comprehensive database of congener-specific PBDE concentrations in farm animal muscle and to characterize potential consumer exposure. For exposure assessment, two consumption scenarios were used for adults and children. The dietary exposure to PBDE congeners is based on the assumed portion size of 100 g of different meat species. Calculations for the participants were performed using food consumption data of the Statistical Yearbook (2015/2016). The intake of PBDEs was estimated as the median (P50) and the average for all kinds of tested meat. For health risk assessment, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was used. MOE values were in range from 5 to 149 352 132. The obtained results indicate that concentrations of ten tested congeners (BDE-28,47,49,99,100,138,153,154,183,209) in different kinds of farm animal meat (cow, chicken, farm deer, horse, ostrich, pig, rabbit, sheep, turkey) are low and meat consumption does not pose a risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pietron
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Marek Pajurek
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Szczepan Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Maszewski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Warenik-Bany
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
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27
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Barletta M, Lima ARA, Costa MF. Distribution, sources and consequences of nutrients, persistent organic pollutants, metals and microplastics in South American estuaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1199-1218. [PMID: 30360252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine pollution imposes rapid, increasing and lasting environmental modifications. In the present review, especial attention is given to estuaries in South America (SA), where legislation, policies and actions to guarantee environmental quality remain ineffective. There, the majority of estuaries face uncontrolled occupation of its margins by urban and industrial centres, agriculture and aquaculture expansion, water extraction and flow control. The lack of basic sanitation and poor environmental management (including territories within Marine Protected Areas) often lead to hydrological alterations, high nutrient loads, and the presence and dynamics of pollutants (nutrient loads, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and plastic debris) along the entire estuarine ecocline. Organic enrichment has increased dissolved oxygen consumption, with wide spatio-temporal variability along latitudes and estuarine gradients. The toxicity, biogeochemistry and availability of metals and POPs depend on the annual fluctuations of salinity, water renewal, dissolved oxygen levels, suspended particulate loads, sediment mobility, grain size and composition at the sink. Plastic debris from land sources are widespread in estuaries, where they continue to fragment into microplastics. River basins are the main contributors of plastics to estuaries, whose transportation and accumulation are subjected to interannual water flow variations. Although some systems seems to be in a better condition in relation to others around the world (e.g. Goiana and Negro estuaries), many others are among the most modified worldwide (e.g. Guanabara Bay and Estero Salado System). We propose that, estuarine conservation plans should consider year-round fluctuations of the ecocline and the resulting cycles of retention and flush of environmental signals and their influence on trophic webs over the whole extent of estuarine gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Barletta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-550 Recife, Brazil.
| | - André R A Lima
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-550 Recife, Brazil
| | - Monica F Costa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-550 Recife, Brazil
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28
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Tiwari M, Sahu SK, Bhangare RC, Ajmal PY, Pandit GG. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in core sediments from creek ecosystem: occurrence, geochronology, and source contribution. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2587-2601. [PMID: 29790055 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 15 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in grab sediment and sediment cores from the Thane creek were monitored for their spatial and temporal distribution. Total PBDE (ΣPBDE) concentrations in grab sediments were ranging from 15.98 to 132.72 ng g-1 dry weight. BDE-209 was the most abundant congener with percentage contribution in the range of 19-35% to total PBDEs. Total PBDE show multimode concentration with depth in sediment, among which mode at a depth of 10 cm is predominant. Results of sediment core also indicates PBDEs were enormously used in last two decades in surrounding area. Sedimentation rate at the creek was also evaluated using Pb210 dating technique. Average percentage contribution of commercial penta-BDE (fP), octa-BDE (fO), and deca-BDE (fD) to the profile found in sediments collected across Thane creek were 24 ± 5, 5 ± 1 and 69 ± 7% (p < 0.001) respectively. Levels of all measured PBDEs in sediment met with guideline values except for the penta-BDE (total, BDE-99 and BDE-100) at few locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Tiwari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sahu
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Rahul C Bhangare
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - P Y Ajmal
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Gauri Girish Pandit
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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29
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Rajput IR, Xiao Z, Yajing S, Yaqoob S, Sanganyado E, Ying H, Fei Y, Liu W. Establishment of pantropic spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) fibroblast cell line and potential influence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on cytokines response. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 203:1-9. [PMID: 30064049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the aquatic environment is an issue of major concern which may be a cause of increasing prevalence and severity of diseases in marine mammals. Although, cell culture model development and in vitro investigation approach is a prime need of time to progress immunotoxic research on aquatic mammals. In this study, we stablished fibroblast cell line (pantropic spotted dolphin) to assess the potential effects of PBDEs on cytokines response. Cells were grown in 6 well cell culture plate and complete media (DMEM and Ham's F12 nutrient mixture, fetal bovine serum, antibiotic and essential amino acids) was provided. The primary culture of (PSP-LWH) cells identification was achieved by vimentin (gene and protein) expressions. Karyotyping revealed pantropic spotted dolphin chromosomes 20 pairs with XX. Transfection was achieved by SV40 LT antigen and transfected cells were expended for passages. Stability of cell line was confirmed at various passages intervals using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence methods. After confirmation, cell line was exposed to BDE-47 (250 ng/ml), BDE-100 (250 ng/ml) and BDE-209 (1000 ng/ml), with control group (PBS), positive control DMSO (0.1%) and negative control LPS (500 ng/ml) for 24 h. The ELISA results showed significant increase in IL-6 in BDE- 100 and BDE-209 while IL-1β and IL-8 were found higher in BDE-47 and BDE-100. TNFα and IL-10 secretion was noted higher in control and positive control groups. Altogether, these results emphasize importance of transfected (PSP-LWHT) cell line in aquatic research and potential effects of PBDEs on fibroblast provides evident to understand immune modulating effects of PBDEs in marine mammals. The impact of PBDEs on dolphin's fibroblast cells immune response and altered cytokine response have been presented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rashid Rajput
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan.
| | - Ziyang Xiao
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Sun Yajing
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Summra Yaqoob
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huang Ying
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yu Fei
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute, College of Science Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
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30
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Yang M, Li YF, Qiao LN, Zhang XM. Estimating subcooled liquid vapor pressures and octanol-air partition coefficients of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their temperature dependence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:329-337. [PMID: 29444485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Both subcooled liquid vapor pressure (PL) and octanol-air partition coefficient (KOA) are widely used as descriptors to predict gas-particle partitioning behavior of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). These two descriptors are functions of temperature, which are expressed as the Clausius-Clapeyron equations with the coefficients AL and BL for PL (log PL=AL+BL/T) and AO and BO for KOA (log KOA=AO+BO/T), where T is temperature in K. In this study, a simple equation to relate log KOA and log PL (log KOA=-log PL+6.46) was derived, which also links the coefficients of AL &BL and AO &BO. Regression analysis of published data of internal energy ΔUOA for 22 PBDE congeners with their mole mass was made, leading a regression equation to calculate the internal energy for all 209 PBDE congeners. Three datasets of log KOA at 25°C for all 209 PBDE congeners were evaluated; the one with the best match with experimentally measurements was selected. Using the datasets and equations described above, we calculated the values of Clausius-Clapeyron coefficients AO &BO and AL &BL for all 209 PBDE congeners at the following steps. First, BO was computed using the values of ΔUOA. Next, we calculated the values of AO using the values of BO and the values of log KOA at 25°C. Finally, the values of the parameter AL and BL were determined for all 209 PBDE congeners. Results are in consistent with data available in the literature and the accuracy of the data were also evaluated. With these Clausius-Clapeyron coefficients, the values of PL and KOA at any environmentally relevant temperature can be calculated for all 209 PBDE congeners, and thus provides a quick reference for environmental monitoring and modeling of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Dalian Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China; IJRC-PTS, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; IJRC-PTS, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China; IJRC-PTS-NA & IJRC-AEE-NA, Toronto, Ontario M2N 6X9, Canada.
| | - Li-Na Qiao
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS)/International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Soulen BK, Venables BJ, Johnston DW, Roberts AP. Accumulation of PBDEs in stranded harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the Northeastern United States. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 138:96-101. [PMID: 29706368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are highly lipophilic components of brominated flame retardants that are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulate. PBDEs are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate mainly in fat depots and liver tissues. Seal species inhabiting Arctic and sub-Arctic regions can have upwards of 30% of their body mass composed of blubber. When those blubber stores are mobilized for energy, stored toxicants are also released into circulation. Most studies reporting accumulation of PBDEs in seals have focused on harbor and grey seals with few examining harp and hooded seals. In this study, PBDEs concentrations were analyzed in seal blubber from 21 stranded harp and 9 stranded hooded seals sampled along the northeast coast of the U.S. (1999-2010). A PBDE congener profile was determined for each individual. The results show that both species of seals are accumulating PBDEs with BDE-47 being the dominant congener. Mean ƩPBDE concentrations in harp seals were 70.55 ± 33.59 ng/g ww and for hooded seals 94.28 ± 42.65 ng/g ww. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies reporting a decrease in bioaccumulation with an increase in bromination. For both species, BDE-47 represented the highest percentage of the ƩPBDEs, composing over 50% of the ƩPBDEs in harp seals. When compared to stranding condition code, animals found alive had overall higher PBDE concentrations than those found in a state of moderate decomposition. This difference could be due to decreased blubber levels in the decomposed animals or potential degradation of the compounds in the blubber. Almost all seals used in this study were yearlings which is the most likely age class to strand. Yearling seals are at a crucial stage of development, especially of their immune system, which can be impacted by high levels of contaminants like PBDEs and increase the susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K Soulen
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Barney J Venables
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - David W Johnston
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
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Lee HJ, Jeong HJ, Jang YL, Kim GB. Distribution, accumulation, and potential risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the marine environment receiving effluents from a sewage treatment plant. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:364-369. [PMID: 29680561 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of sewage treatment plant effluent on the distribution and accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the marine environment. PBDEs concentrations in seawater and surface sediments were within the ranges 1.58-6.94 ng/L and 2.18-307 ng/g dw, respectively. PBDE concentrations in sediments gradually decreased with increasing distance from inner bay including the sewage outfall. The contribution of effluent to PBDE distributions was very limited. The concentrations of PBDEs in sediment core decreased exponentially with increasing depth. PBDE concentrations in oysters were 4.7-37 ng/g lw. BDE-209 was the dominant congener in marine environmental samples receiving effluent. Estimated dietary exposures of PBDEs by seafood were 0.01-0.08 ng/kg body weight/day, which were more than six orders of magnitude lower than the reported levels of PBDEs with the no observable adverse effects. Hazard quotients demonstrated that, at present, PBDEs posed no potential risk to benthic organisms in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lee
- Institute of Marine Industry College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Lee Jang
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Institute of Marine Industry College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
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Bjurlid F, Roos A, Ericson Jogsten I, Hagberg J. Temporal trends of PBDD/Fs, PCDD/Fs, PBDEs and PCBs in ringed seals from the Baltic Sea (Pusa hispida botnica) between 1974 and 2015. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1374-1383. [PMID: 29066193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temporal trends in exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were assessed in 22 pooled samples gathered from 69 individuals of Baltic ringed seal (Pusa hispida botnica) from 1974 to 2015. Samples were analysed for polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). No previous study has reported on the occurrence of PBDD/Fs in marine mammals in the Baltic Sea. Concentrations of pollutants in Baltic ringed seal, a marine mammal and top predator, can be used as an indicator of pollutants concentrations in the Baltic region. Visual inspection of data did not show any temporal trends for PBDD/Fs, while the PCDD/Fs and PCBs showed decreasing concentrations between 1974 and 2015. PBDEs increased until the end of the 1990s and then decreased until the end of the period. ∑PBDD/Fs ranged from 0.5-52.3pg/g lipid weight (l.w.) (0.08-4.8pgTEQ/g l.w.), with 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF contributing on average 61% to ∑PBDD/Fs. ∑PCDD/Fs ranged from 103 to 1480pg/g l.w. (39-784pgTEQ/g l.w.), with 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF showing the highest average concentrations. PBDD/F toxic equivalents (TEQ) contributed on average 1.1% to the total (PBDD/F+PCDD/F) TEQ. The ∑PBDEs concentration range was 18.7-503ng/g l.w., with BDE #47 the predominant congener. The concentration range for ∑PCBs was 2.8-40.1μg/g l.w., with #138 and #153 the most abundant congeners. Visual inspection of the data showed decreasing concentrations for all compound groups except PBDD/Fs. A slight increase in the PBDD/Fs concentrations was observed from 2004 onwards. This observation needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bjurlid
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - A Roos
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Ericson Jogsten
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Hagberg
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden
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Bjurlid F, Dam M, Hoydal K, Hagberg J. Occurrence of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in pilot whales (Globicephala melas) caught around the Faroe Islands. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:11-20. [PMID: 29248748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Blubber from Faroese pilot whales (Globicephala melas) was analysed for brominated dioxins PBDD/Fs, with a subset also analysed for chlorinated dioxins, PCDD/Fs. The studied individuals were restricted to juvenile male whales sampled in the Faroe Islands during the period 1997-2013. Among the PBDD/Fs, the furans were predominant, although the relative abundance of various congeners differed between samples. Furans accounted for, on average, 79% of the ∑PBDD/Fs in the samples, with 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF the most abundant congener, found in half of the analysed pilot whales. The concentration range for ∑PBDD/Fs among the samples was 0.080-71 pg/g l.w. (lipid weight), and the sum of toxic equivalents ranged from 0.0039 to 4.7 pg TEQ/g l.w. No relationship was found between PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs. In addition, 20 pilot whale samples from the period 2010-2013 were analysed for PBDEs. Several PBDE congeners were found in all of the sampled pilot whales, and at noticeably higher levels than PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs. The ∑PBDEs ranged from 140 to 1900 ng/g l.w., with BDE #47 the most abundant congener detected in the samples. Results from the present study were then compared with data from previous studies on pilot wales to investigate temporal trends between 1986 and 2013. The comparison indicated that PBDE concentrations in juvenile males have decreased from 1996 to the latest observations in 2013. No relationship between the concentration levels of PBDD/Fs and PBDEs in the sampled pilot whales could be identified, which indicates possible differences in the metabolism of, or exposure to, PBDEs and PBDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bjurlid
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - M Dam
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165, Argir, Faroe Islands
| | - K Hoydal
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165, Argir, Faroe Islands
| | - J Hagberg
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE 701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden
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Reinling J, Houde M, Verreault J. Environmental exposure to a major urban wastewater effluent: Effects on the energy metabolism of northern pike. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:131-140. [PMID: 28837883 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater effluents (MWWEs) consist of dynamic and complex mixtures of chemical and biological compounds that can alter the health of exposed aquatic organisms. Disturbance of energy metabolism has been reported in fish exposed to MWWEs. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge on the physiological events leading to perturbation of energy balance and thyroid regulation, and associated lipid metabolism. The objective of the present study was to use a set of biomarkers, from gene transcription to body condition, to investigate the effects of a chronic environmental exposure to a major primary MWWE on fatty acid metabolism and thyroid hormone levels in northern pike (Esox lucius) collected from the St. Lawrence River near Montreal (QC, Canada). The exposure of pike to MWWE was examined through determination of a suite of persistent and bioaccumulative halogenated flame retardants in liver as this effluent is a known regional source for these chemicals. Greater hepatic concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, range: 29.6-465ng/g w.w. and 88.8-823ng/g w.w. in females and males, respectively) and other halogenated flame retardants (e.g., dechlorane-related compounds) were determined in fish collected downstream of the MWWE's point of discharge relative to the upstream site. This exposure in male pike was associated with decreased acyl-coA oxidase (acox1) and fatty acid synthase (fasn) mRNA levels as well as a decreased acyl-coA oxidase (ACOX) activity in liver. In female pike, MWWE exposure was associated with lower circulating free and total triiodothyronine (T3) levels and a tendency for greater total lipid percentages in liver. Present findings provide evidence that chronic exposure of a top predator fish to MWWE can be related to gender-specific effects on fatty acid metabolism and thyroid hormone homeostasis, and highlight the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Reinling
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Kosior G, Přibylová P, Vaňková L, Kukučka P, Audy O, Klánová J, Samecka-Cymerman A, Mróz L, Kempers AJ. Bioindication of PBDEs and PCBs by native and transplanted moss Pleurozium schreberi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:136-142. [PMID: 28528316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs and PCBs are toxic, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and the use of PCBs is forbidden, but they are still present in many environments and biota. 90-day assays were conducted with the moss Pleurozium schreberi transplanted from an uncontaminated control site to ten sites (rural and urban) selected in one of the most polluted regions of Upper Silesia in Poland. Native P. schreberi mosses were collected from the same ten polluted sites. Concentrations of PBDEs (28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) and PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were determined in all native and transplanted P. schreberi from all sites. Native P. schreberi contained the highest ΣPBDE and ΣPCB levels (63.6ngg-1 and 4.47pgg-1, respectively) when collected in the vicinity of a steel smelter. After 90 days of the experiment native and transplanted P. schreberi contained the highest concentrations of the same BDE 209 congener (88-91% of total PBDEs in the native mosses and 85-90% of the total PBDE burden in the transplants). The native and transplanted mosses from the industrial sites after 90 days of exposure contained significantly higher concentrations of all the examined PBDE and PCB congeners (except for 153 and 180) than mosses from rural sites. PBDE and PCB values were higher in native than in transplanted mosses after 90 days of exposure in both rural and industrial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kosior
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Vaňková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Klánová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Mróz
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Alexander J Kempers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Palacio-Cortés AM, Signorini-Souza IDL, Yoshio Hara EL, Disner RG, Rebechi D, Grassi MT, Cestari MM, Navarro-Silva MA. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) effects on Chironomus sancticaroli larvae after short-term exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:308-315. [PMID: 28167443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) containing 3, 4 and 5 bromine atoms were tested on fourth-instar larvae of Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) after 48h of exposure, by measuring the activity of the acetyl cholinesterase, alpha and beta esterases and glutathione S-transferase. The PBDE congeners 2,2',4-triBDE (BDE-17), 2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE (BDE-47) and 2,2',4,4',5-pentaBDE (BDE-99) were evaluated at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0ngmL-1. Acetyl cholinesterase activity decreased significantly (p≤0.05) at all evaluated concentrations of the three PBDE congeners, except for larvae exposed to BDE-17 at 1.0 and 2.0ngmL-1. The significant inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase activity ranged from 18% (BDE-47 at 0.5ngmL-1) to 72% (BDE-47 at 2.0ngmL-1). The enzymes alpha and beta esterase were also affected by the three congeners, reducing their activity from 14% (BDE-99 at 1.0ngmL-1) to 52% (BDE-47 at 2.0ngmL-1) and from 7% (BDE-99 at 2.0ngmL-1) to 34% (BDE-47 at 3.0ngmL-1) respectively. Substantial increments in glutathione S-transferase activity were similarly observed, varying from 138% (BDE-99 2.0 at ng mL-1) to 346% (BDE-17 at 1.0ngmL-1). DNA strand breaks were detected exclusively in larvae exposed to BDE-99 at 2.0 and 3.0ngmL-1 (H=11.7, p=0.019). These results showed that C. sancticaroli larvae were sensitive to the PBDEs treatments under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debora Rebechi
- Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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Aschberger K, Campia I, Pesudo LQ, Radovnikovic A, Reina V. Chemical alternatives assessment of different flame retardants - A case study including multi-walled carbon nanotubes as synergist. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 101:27-45. [PMID: 28161204 PMCID: PMC5357113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) are a diverse group of chemicals used as additives in a wide range of products to inhibit, suppress, or delay ignition and to prevent the spread of fire. Halogenated FRs (HFRs) are widely used because of their low impact on other material properties and the low loading levels necessary to meet the required flame retardancy. Health and environmental hazards associated with some halogenated FRs have driven research for identifying safer alternatives. A variety of halogen-free FRs are available on the market, including organic (phosphorus and nitrogen based chemicals) and inorganic (metals) materials. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been demonstrated to act as an effective/synergistic co-additive in some FR applications and could thereby contribute to reducing the loading of FRs in products and improving their performance. As part of the FP7 project DEROCA we carried out a chemical alternatives assessment (CAA). This is a methodology for identifying, comparing and selecting safer alternatives to chemicals of concern based on criteria for categorising human and environmental toxicity as well as environmental fate. In the project we assessed the hazard data of different halogen-free FRs to be applied in 5 industrial and consumer products and here we present the results for MWCNT, aluminium diethylphosphinate, aluminium trihydroxide, N-alkoxy hindered amines and red phosphorus compared to the HFR decabromodiphenylether. We consulted the REACH guidance, the criteria of the U.S.-EPA Design for Environment (DfE) and the GreenScreen® Assessment to assess and compare intrinsic properties affecting the hazard potential. A comparison/ranking of exposure reference values such as Derived No Effect Levels (DNELs) showed that FRs of concern are not identified by a low DNEL. A comparison based on hazard designations according to the U.S.-EPA DfE and GreenScreen® for human health endpoints, aquatic toxicity and environmental fate showed that the major differences between FRs of concern and their proposed alternatives are the potential for bioaccumulation and CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic) effects. As most alternatives are inorganic chemicals, persistence (alone) is not a suitable criterion. From our experiences in carrying out a CAA we conclude: i) REACH registration dossiers provide a comprehensive source of hazard information for an alternative assessment. It is important to consider that the presented data is subject to changes and its quality is variable. ii) Correct identification of the chemicals is crucial to retrieve the right data. This can be challenging for mixtures, reaction products or nanomaterials or when only trade names are available. iii) The quality of the data and the practice on how to fill data gaps can have a huge impact on the results and conclusions. iv) Current assessment criteria have mainly been developed for organic chemicals and create challenges when applied to inorganic solids, including nanomaterials. It is therefore crucial to analyse and report uncertainties for each decision making step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Aschberger
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Ivana Campia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Laia Quiros Pesudo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Anita Radovnikovic
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Vittorio Reina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
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Houde M, Wang X, Ferguson SH, Gagnon P, Brown TM, Tanabe S, Kunito T, Kwan M, Muir DCG. Spatial and temporal trends of alternative flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) across the Canadian Arctic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:266-276. [PMID: 28131476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of alternative flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) blubber collected across the Canadian Arctic during subsistence hunts between 1998 and 2013. More than 80% of sampled animals were females and juvenile males. The highest mean ΣPBDE concentrations (sum of 13 congeners) were found in seals from Nain (Nunatsiavut) as well as Inukjuaq and Arviat (Hudson Bay) and the lowest mean levels were found in seals from Lancaster Sound. BDE-47 and -99 were the predominant PBDE congeners quantified in ringed seals. The most frequently detected non-PBDE flame retardants were polybrominated biphenyl 101 (BB-101, 57% of samples analyzed for this chemical), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD; 38%), hexabromobenzene (HBB, 30%), and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTeBB, 23%). The relative trophic position of seals, estimated using stable isotopes, did not vary over time and did not influence flame retardant blubber concentrations. The relative carbon source increased over time at Arviat and Resolute Bay and weak relationships were observed with ΣPBDEs in blubber of seals. ΣPBDEs increased significantly from 1998 to 2008 in ringed seals from East Baffin and subsequently decreased in recent years. PBDE levels at other sites fluctuated slightly over time. HBCDD concentrations increased at several sites over the past decade. The presence of flame retardants in ringed seals suggests their persistence and their continuous inputs in the Canadian Arctic environment. Monitoring and research on the effects of these contaminants in seals are warranted given the importance of this species in Arctic marine food webs and for local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - X Wang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - S H Ferguson
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - P Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - T M Brown
- Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - S Tanabe
- Ehime University, Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - T Kunito
- Shinshu University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - M Kwan
- Nunavik Research Centre, Kuujjuaq, QC J0M 1C0, Canada
| | - D C G Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
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40
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Dach K, Bendt F, Huebenthal U, Giersiefer S, Lein PJ, Heuer H, Fritsche E. BDE-99 impairs differentiation of human and mouse NPCs into the oligodendroglial lineage by species-specific modes of action. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44861. [PMID: 28317842 PMCID: PMC5357893 DOI: 10.1038/srep44861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are bioaccumulating flame retardants causing developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in humans and rodents. Their DNT effects are suspected to involve thyroid hormone (TH) signaling disruption. Here, we tested the hypothesis whether disturbance of neural progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage (O4+ cells) by BDE-99 involves disruption of TH action in human and mouse (h,m)NPCs. Therefore, we quantified differentiation of NPCs into O4+ cells and measured their maturation via expression of myelin-associated genes (hMBP, mMog) in presence and absence of TH and/or BDE-99. T3 promoted O4+ cell differentiation in mouse, but not hNPCs, and induced hMBP/mMog gene expression in both species. BDE-99 reduced generation of human and mouse O4+ cells, but there is no indication for BDE-99 interfering with cellular TH signaling during O4+ cell formation. BDE-99 reduced hMBP expression due to oligodendrocyte reduction, but concentrations that did not affect the number of mouse O4+ cells inhibited TH-induced mMog transcription by a yet unknown mechanism. In addition, ascorbic acid antagonized only the BDE-99-dependent loss of human, not mouse, O4+ cells by a mechanism probably independent of reactive oxygen species. These data point to species-specific modes of action of BDE-99 on h/mNPC development into the oligodendrocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dach
- IUF- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Farina Bendt
- IUF- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Huebenthal
- IUF- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Giersiefer
- IUF- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Heike Heuer
- IUF- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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41
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Samanipour S, Dimitriou-Christidis P, Nabi D, Arey JS. Elevated Concentrations of 4-Bromobiphenyl and 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene Found in Deep Water of Lake Geneva Based on GC×GC-ENCI-TOFMS and GC×GC-μECD. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:641-652. [PMID: 31457461 PMCID: PMC6641002 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We quantified the concentrations of two little-studied brominated pollutants, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TBB) and 4-bromobiphenyl (4BBP), in the deep water column and sediments of Lake Geneva. We found aqueous concentrations of 625 ± 68 pg L-1 for TBB and 668 ± 86 pg L-1 for 4BBP over a depth range of 70-191.5 m (near-bottom depth), based on duplicate measurements taken at five depths during three separate 1 month sampling periods at our sampling site near Vidy Bay. These levels of TBB and 4BBP were 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than the quantified aqueous concentrations of the components of the pentabrominated biphenyl ether technical mixture, which is a flame retardant product that had a high production volume in Europe before 2001. We observed statistically significant vertical concentration trends for both TBB and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromobiphenyl ether in the deep water column, which indicates that transport and/or degradation processes affect these compounds. These measurements were enabled by application of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to an electron capture negative chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-ENCI-TOFMS) and to a micro-electron capture detector (GC×GC-μECD). GC×GC-ENCI-TOFMS and GC×GC-μECD were found to be >10× more sensitive toward brominated pollutants than conventional GC×GC-EI-TOFMS (with an electron impact (EI) ionization source), the latter of which had insufficient sensitivity to detect these emerging brominated pollutants in the analyzed samples. GC×GC also enabled the estimation of several environmentally relevant partitioning properties of TBB and 4BBP, further confirming previous evidence that these pollutants are bioaccumulative and have long-range transport potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saer Samanipour
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Petros Dimitriou-Christidis
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Firmenich, Route des Jeunes 1, 1227 Les Acacias, Switzerland
| | - Deedar Nabi
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bigelow
Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United
States
| | - J. Samuel Arey
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Li YF, Qiao LN, Ren NQ, Sverko E, Mackay D, Macdonald RW. Decabrominated Diphenyl Ethers (BDE-209) in Chinese and Global Air: Levels, Gas/Particle Partitioning, and Long-Range Transport: Is Long-Range Transport of BDE-209 Really Governed by the Movement of Particles? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1035-1042. [PMID: 27977141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report air concentrations of BDE-209 in both gas- and particle-phases across China. The annual mean concentrations of BDE-209 were from below detection limit (BDL) to 77.0 pg·m-3 in the gas-phase and 1.06-728 pg·m-3 in the particle-phase. Among the nine PBDEs measured, BDE-209 is the dominant congener in Chinese atmosphere in both gas and particle phases. We predicted the partitioning behavior of BDE-209 in air using our newly developed steady state equation, and the results matched the monitoring data worldwide very well. It was found that the logarithm of the partition quotient of BDE-209 is a constant, and equal to -1.53 under the global ambient temperature range (from -50 to +50 °C). The gaseous fractions of BDE-209 in air depends on the concentration of total suspended particle (TSP). The most important conclusion derived from this study is that, BDE-209, like other semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), cannot be sorbed entirely to atmospheric particles; and there is a significant amount of gaseous BDE-209 in global atmosphere, which is subject to long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). Therefore, it is not surprising that BDE-209 can enter the Arctic through LRAT mainly by air transport rather than by particle movement. This is a significant advancement in understanding the global transport process and the pathways entering the Arctic for chemicals with low volatility and high octanol-air partition coefficients, such as BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Li
- Arctic Environment Research Group, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS-AERG), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA , Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Li-Na Qiao
- Arctic Environment Research Group, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS-AERG), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- Arctic Environment Research Group, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS-AERG), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ed Sverko
- Arctic Environment Research Group, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS-AERG), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA , Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Donald Mackay
- Trent University , Peterborough, ON. K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Robie W Macdonald
- Institute of Ocean Sciences , Department of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada
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43
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Maldonado AR, Mora MA, Sericano JL. Seasonal Differences in Contaminant Accumulation in Neotropical Migrant and Resident Songbirds. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:39-49. [PMID: 27771756 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For many years, it has been hypothesized that Neotropical migrants breeding in the United States and Canada accumulate organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) while on their wintering grounds in Latin America. We investigated the seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutant (POPs) in migrant and resident passerines in Texas, Yucatán, and Costa Rica collected during the fall, winter, and spring from 2011 to 2013. A total of 153 birds were collected, and all contained detectable levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and OCPs with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) being the most predominant pesticide. OCPs and PCBs were the predominant contaminants, accounting for ≥80 % of the total POPs burden, whereas PBDEs accounted for ≤16 %. Only spring migrants from Texas had significantly greater DDE concentrations (64.6 ng/g dry weight [dw]) than migrants collected in Costa Rica (23.2 ng/g dw). Resident birds in Texas had significantly greater levels of DDE (121 ng/g dw) and ΣPBDEs (34.8 ng/g dw) compared with residents in Yucatán and Costa Rica. For ΣPCBs, resident birds from Costa Rica had significantly lower concentrations (9.60 ng/g dw) compared with their migrant counterparts (43.7 ng/g dw) and residents from Texas (48.3 ng/g dw) and the Yucatán (32.1 ng/g dw). Migrant and resident passerines had similar congener profiles for PCBs and PBDEs suggesting similar exposure and retention of these contaminants. No significant accumulation of DDE was observed in migrants while on their wintering grounds. Relatively high concentrations of PBDEs in resident birds from Costa Rica warrant future studies of PBDE contamination in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra R Maldonado
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 315 Nagle Hall MS 2258, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Miguel A Mora
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 315 Nagle Hall MS 2258, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - José L Sericano
- Geochemical Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, 833 Graham Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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Jin X, Lee S, Jeong Y, Yu JP, Baek WK, Shin KH, Kannan K, Moon HB. Species-specific accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other emerging flame retardants in several species of birds from Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:191-200. [PMID: 27814535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted on the alternatives to legacy flame retardants in avian species worldwide. In this study, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative flame retardants such as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DP) were determined in livers of 10 species of birds from Korea to elucidate species-specific accumulation, biological factors that affect accumulation, and bioaccumulation potentials of these contaminants. Among the emerging alternative flame retardants, the highest occurrence was found for bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (BEHTBP), syn-DP, anti-DP, and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). PBDE concentrations (median: 17.1 ng/g lipid wt) measured in our study were within the ranges reported in previous studies, while the concentrations of BEHTBP, BTBPE and DP were greater than those reported earlier. Residential predatory birds showed significantly greater concentrations of PBDEs and NBFRs than migratory predators and passerine birds. The concentrations of PBDEs, BEHTBP, and DP in residential predatory birds were significantly correlated with increasing stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N), which indicated biomagnification potentials of these contaminants. Our results suggest that the concentrations and accumulation patterns of PBDEs, NBFRs, and DP depend on the feeding habits and migration patterns of avian species. This is the first report on the accumulation of emerging alternatives to PBDEs in birds from Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pyoung Yu
- National Science Museum, Daejeon 305-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Kee Baek
- National Science Museum, Daejeon 305-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Yuan H, Jin J, Bai Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Hu J. Concentrations and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in tree bark and human hair from Yunnan Province, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:319-325. [PMID: 27060640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in tree bark and hair samples from the same area in Yunnan Province, China, were determined. The total PBDE and NBFR concentrations in the tree bark samples were 3.8 ng/g lipid weight to 91 ng/g lipid weight and 0.23 ng/g lipid weight to 5.0 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. The total PBDE and NBFR concentrations in the hair samples were 2.1 ng/g dry weight to 14 ng/g dry weight and 0.083 ng/g dry weight to 0.29 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Decabromodiphenyl ether had similar distributions in the tree bark and hair samples, but other PBDE congeners and NBFRs had different distributions in the tree bark and hair samples. External exposure was found to be mainly responsible for the total PBDE and pentabromotoluene concentrations in hair, but both external and internal exposure were responsible for the pentabromophenyl and hexabromobenzene concentrations in hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Yuan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yao Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiuxu Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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46
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Chen ZJ, Liu HY, Ho KL, Huang HB, Liu Q, Man YB, Lam MHW, Du J, Wong MH, Wang HS. Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in paired maternal and neonatal samples from South China: Placental transfer and potential risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:72-78. [PMID: 27035923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) are attracting more and more attention for the neurodevelopment toxicity effects. We evaluated the concentrations of 15 individual OH-PBDEs and 3 bromophenol (BRP) congeners in 30 mother-newborn paired placenta, breast milk, fetal cord blood, and neonatal urine samples collected from South China. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of ∑OH-PBDEs were 37.6, 61.3, and 76.8pgg(-1) ww in placenta, breast milk, and cord blood, respectively. The GM concentrations of ∑BRPs were 47.6, 119, and 30.2pgg(-1) ww in placenta, breast milk, and cord blood, respectively. The GM concentrations of ∑OH-PBDEs and ∑BRPs in neonatal urine were 72.0 and 79.8pgml(-1), respectively. Of the 15 OH-PBDE congeners analyzed, the three most frequently detected congeners were 2'-OH-BDE-68 (72.1%), 6-OH-BDE-47 (67.6%), and 2'-OH-BDE-28 (65.8%). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of OH-PBDEs for the breast-fed infants was 9.31±4.00ngkg(-1) bw day. The accumulation of OH-PBDEs in newborns was much lower than the estimated lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of neurotoxicity. The present study provided the first systematic fundamental data that exposure to OH-PBDEs for newborn and their mothers in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Han-Yan Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Ka-Lok Ho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Bin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu-Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Hon-Wah Lam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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47
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Costa O, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Vizcaino E, Murcia M, Iñiguez C, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Grimalt JO, Tardon A, Ballester F, Fernandez-Somoano A. Dietary and Household Sources of Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the INMA Birth Cohort (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5935-44. [PMID: 27123793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at predictors of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with a focus on dietary and household-level factors. Concentrations of BDE-47, -99, -153, and -209 and their sum (∑PBDEs) were measured in cord serum. Spanish women (n = 541) completed two semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. The daily mean intake (grams) of eggs, dairy products, meat, cereals and pasta, vegetables and pulses, fruits, shellfish and cephalopods, and fish, and the weekly mean intake (servings) of lean, large oily, other oily, and other fish from both questionnaires were averaged. Information on house size, curtains and carpets at home, mattress type, housekeeping frequency, and television use was also collected later in gestation. Multivariate censored regression was used to assess the association between PBDE concentration (log2 transformed) and potential predictors. BDE-47, -99, -209 and ∑PBDE concentrations increased by 13.6%(95% CI:0.0, 29.0%), 21.1%(2.3, 43.5%), 21.7%(0.4, 47.5%) and 11.5%(2.2, 21.7%), respectively, per interquartile range increment in daily intake of shellfish and cephalopods. Fish intake was associated with BDE-99 (20.8%[1.7, 43.4%]). When fish was disaggregated by types, BDE-99 and ∑PBDEs increased by 13.8%(4.0, 24.7%) and 5.7%(0.8, 10.8%), respectively, per 1-serving/week increment in large oily fish intake. BDE-153 was associated with higher housekeeping frequency (35.9%[0.4, 83.9%]) and BDE-209 with foam mattress use (48.9%[5.8, 109.7%]). In conclusion, seafood consumption, higher housekeeping frequency, and foam mattress were associated with prenatal PBDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Costa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Vizcaino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo , Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M Navarrete-Muñoz
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University , Ctra. Nacional 332, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo , Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernandez-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo , Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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48
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Yuan Z, Liu G, Lam MHW, Liu H, Da C. Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediments from the Yellow River Estuary, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:147-154. [PMID: 26845362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 21 surface sediments collected from the Yellow River Estuary, China were analyzed for 40 kinds of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their levels, spatial distribution, congener profiles and possible sources were investigated. Only ten congeners were detected in the sediments. The total concentrations of the lower brominated BDEs (∑PBDEslow, PBDEs excluding BDE 209) and BDE 209 ranged from 0.482 ng/g to 1.07 ng/g and 1.16-5.40 ng/g, with an average value of 0.690 and 2.79 ng/g, respectively, which were both at the low end of the global contamination level. The congener profiles were dominated by BDE 209, with the average value accounting for 79.2% of the total PBDEs in the sediment samples. Among the nine lower brominated BDE congeners, BDE 47, 99 and 183 had high abundances. Although the commercial Penta/Octa-BDE products have been banned in most countries, the residual commercial Penta/Octa/Deca-BDE products and the debromination of highly brominated BDE compounds such as BDE 209 were still found to be the possible sources for the trace level of PBDEs in the present study area. In spite of the gradual removal of the commercial PBDEs in the world, the present research results further suggested that scientific attention should not be reduced on the issue of environmental contamination caused by these outdated chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Michael Hon Wah Lam
- University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chunnian Da
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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49
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Guo W, Huen K, Park JS, Petreas M, Crispo Smith S, Block G, Holland N. Vitamin C intervention may lower the levels of persistent organic pollutants in blood of healthy women - A pilot study. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:197-204. [PMID: 27090108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has a long term impact on human health. The goal of this pilot study was to test whether antioxidant intervention by vitamin C supplementation may be a remedial approach to decrease body burden of POPs in humans. Using solid phase extraction coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and a gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry, we measured 18 PCBs, 7 OCPs, and 5 PBDEs in the blood of 15 healthy California women (8 were obese/overweight and 7 had normal weight) before and after 2 months of vitamin C supplementation (1000 mg/day). We observed higher PBDE levels than PCBs and OCPs, but only PCB and OCP levels were strongly and positively correlated with participant's BMI and age. We also found statistically significant decreases in 6 PCBs (PCB-74, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-180, and PCB-187), and 2 OCPs (4,4'-DDE, and 4,4'-DDT), but not PBDEs after vitamin C supplementation. Pending confirmation of this pilot finding in a larger study of both sexes, vitamin C intervention may have important public health implications in protecting health by reducing body burdens of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Karen Huen
- School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, S. 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; Sequoia Foundation, 2166 Avenida De La Playa, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gladys Block
- School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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50
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Guo W, Gardner S, Yen S, Petreas M, Park JS. Temporal Changes of PBDE Levels in California House Cats and a Link to Cat Hyperthyroidism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1510-1518. [PMID: 26699103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured serum PBDE levels in California (CA) house cats during two time periods: 2008-2010 and 2012-2013 to assess the impacts of the decline in use of these materials after the bans. The median ∑19PBDE level in CA household cats (age ≥10 yr) was 3479 ng/g lipid in 2008-2010 (1st time period, n = 21) and 1518 ng/g lipid in 2012-2013 (2nd time period, n = 22), about 2 times lower than in the first time period (p = 0.006). In contrast, PCB and OCP levels showed no statistically significant changes. With better matched group size and age (HT = 11 vs non-HT = 11, age ≥10 yr) in the second time period, we found that ∑19PBDE level (mean ± SE ng/g lipid) was significantly higher in the HT group (3906 ± 1442) than those in the non-HT group (1125 ± 244) (p = 0.0030). Higher levels of PCBs and OCPs were also found in HT group. Despite the declines of PBDE levels, our findings indicate that the current levels of PBDEs, as well as PCBs and OCPs, may still pose health effects for house cats and, possibly, humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - Stephen Gardner
- VCA Albany Animal Hospital , 1550 Solano Avenue, Albany, California 94707, United States
| | - Simon Yen
- Campus Veterinary Clinic , 1807 M.L.K. Jr Way, Berkeley, California 94709, United States
| | - Myrto Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
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