1
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Gonçalves FQ, Valada P, Matos M, Cunha RA, Tomé AR. Feedback facilitation by adenosine A 2A receptors of ATP release from mouse hippocampal nerve terminals. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:247-255. [PMID: 36997740 PMCID: PMC11189372 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system is mostly composed by inhibitory A1 receptors (A1R) and the less abundant facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR), the latter selectively engaged at high frequency stimulation associated with synaptic plasticity processes in the hippocampus. A2AR are activated by adenosine originated from extracellular ATP through ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73-mediated catabolism. Using hippocampal synaptosomes, we now investigated how adenosine receptors modulate the synaptic release of ATP. The A2AR agonist CGS21680 (10-100 nM) enhanced the K+-evoked release of ATP, whereas both SCH58261 and the CD73 inhibitor α,β-methylene ADP (100 μM) decreased ATP release; all these effects were abolished in forebrain A2AR knockout mice. The A1R agonist CPA (10-100 nM) inhibited ATP release, whereas the A1R antagonist DPCPX (100 nM) was devoid of effects. The presence of SCH58261 potentiated CPA-mediated ATP release and uncovered a facilitatory effect of DPCPX. Overall, these findings indicate that ATP release is predominantly controlled by A2AR, which are involved in an apparent feedback loop of A2AR-mediated increased ATP release together with dampening of A1R-mediated inhibition. This study is a tribute to María Teresa Miras-Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Valada
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Matos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Wildner F, Neuhäusel TS, Klemz A, Kovács R, Ulmann L, Geiger JRP, Gerevich Z. Extracellular ATP inhibits excitatory synaptic input on parvalbumin positive interneurons and attenuates gamma oscillations via P2X4 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1635-1653. [PMID: 38073073 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) are ligand gated cation channels that are activated by extracellular ATP released by neurons and glia. The receptors are widely expressed in the brain and have fractional calcium currents comparable with NMDA receptors. Although P2X4Rs have been reported to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, their involvement in shaping neuronal network activity remains to be elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of P2X receptors at network and synaptic level using local field potential electrophysiology, whole cell patch clamp recordings and calcium imaging in fast spiking parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVINs) in rat and mouse hippocampal slices. The stable ATP analogue ATPγS, selective antagonists and P2X4R knockout mice were used. KEY RESULTS The P2XR agonist ATPγS reversibly decreased the power of gamma oscillations. This inhibition could be antagonized by the selective P2X4R antagonist PSB-12062 and was not observed in P2X4-/- mice. The phasic excitatory inputs of CA3 PVINs were one of the main regulators of the gamma power. Associational fibre compound excitatory postsynaptic currents (cEPSCs) in CA3 PVINs were inhibited by P2X4R activation. This effect was reversible, dependent on intracellular calcium and dynamin-dependent internalization of AMPA receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results indicate that P2X4Rs are an important source of dendritic calcium in CA3 PVINs, thereby regulating excitatory synaptic inputs onto the cells and presumably the state of gamma oscillations in the hippocampus. P2X4Rs represent an effective target to modulate hippocampal network activity in pathophysiological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wildner
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim S Neuhäusel
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Klemz
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Kovács
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lauriane Ulmann
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jörg R P Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltan Gerevich
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Witkin JM, Shafique H, Smith JL, Cerne R. Is there a biochemical basis for purinergic P2X3 and P2X4 receptor antagonists to be considered as anti-seizure medications? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116046. [PMID: 38341001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Patients with epilepsy require improved medications. Purinergic receptors were identified as late as 1976 and are slowly emerging as potential drug targets for the discovery of antiseizure medications. While compounds interacting with these receptors have been approved for use as medicines (e.g., gefapixant for cough) and continue to be explored for a number of diseases (e.g., pain, cancer), there have been no purinergic receptor antagonists that have been advanced for epilepsy. There are very few studies on the channel conducting receptors, P2X3 and P2X4, that suggest their possible role in seizure generation or control. However, the limited data available provides some compelling reasons to believe that they could be valuable antiseizure medication drug targets. The data implicating P2X3 and P2X4 receptors in epilepsy includes the role played by ATP in neuronal excitability and seizures, receptor localization, increased receptor expression in epileptic brain, the involvement of these receptors in seizure-associated inflammation, crosstalk between these purinergic receptors and neuronal processes involved in seizures (GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission), and the significant attenuation of seizures and seizure-like activity with P2X receptor blockade. The discovery of new and selective antagonists for P2X3 and P2X4 receptors is ongoing, armed with new structural data to guide rational design. The availability of safe, brain-penetrant compounds will likely encourage the clinical exploration of epilepsy as a disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Trauma Research, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | | | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rok Cerne
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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4
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Chen X, Tang SJ. Neural Circuitry Polarization in the Spinal Dorsal Horn (SDH): A Novel Form of Dysregulated Circuitry Plasticity during Pain Pathogenesis. Cells 2024; 13:398. [PMID: 38474361 PMCID: PMC10930392 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain emerges from nociceptive system dysfunction, resulting in heightened pain circuit activity. Various forms of circuitry plasticity, such as central sensitization, synaptic plasticity, homeostatic plasticity, and excitation/inhibition balance, contribute to the malfunction of neural circuits during pain pathogenesis. Recently, a new form of plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), named neural circuit polarization (NCP), was discovered in pain models induced by HIV-1 gp120 and chronic morphine administration. NCP manifests as an increase in excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in excitatory neurons and a decrease in EPSCs in inhibitory neurons, presumably facilitating hyperactivation of pain circuits. The expression of NCP is associated with astrogliosis. Ablation of reactive astrocytes or suppression of astrogliosis blocks NCP and, concomitantly, the development of gp120- or morphine-induced pain. In this review, we aim to compare and integrate NCP with other forms of plasticity in pain circuits to improve the understanding of the pathogenic contribution of NCP and its cooperation with other forms of circuitry plasticity during the development of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Stony Brook University Pain and Anesthesia Research Center (SPARC), Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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5
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Biringer RG. Migraine signaling pathways: purine metabolites that regulate migraine and predispose migraineurs to headache. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2813-2848. [PMID: 36947357 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating disorder that afflicts over 1 billion people worldwide, involving attacks that result in a throbbing and pulsating headache. Migraine is thought to be a neurovascular event associated with vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and neuronal activation. Understanding signaling in migraine pathology is central to the development of therapeutics for migraine prophylaxis and for mitigation of migraine in the prodrome phase before pain sets in. The fact that both vasoactivity and neural sensitization are involved in migraine indicates that agonists which promote these phenomena may very well be involved in migraine pathology. One such group of agonists is the purines, in particular, adenosine phosphates and their metabolites. This manuscript explores what is known about the relationship between these metabolites and migraine pathology and explores the potential for such relationships through their known signaling pathways. Reported receptor involvement in vasoaction and nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gregory Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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6
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Chen YC, Rindner DJ, Fowler JP, Lallai V, Mogul A, Demuro A, Lur G, Fowler CD. Extracellular ATP Neurotransmission and Nicotine Sex-Specifically Modulate Habenular Neuronal Activity in Adolescence. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8259-8270. [PMID: 37821229 PMCID: PMC10697394 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1290-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in the use of nicotine products by teenagers has revealed an urgent need to better understand the impact of nicotine on the adolescent brain. Here, we sought to examine the actions of extracellular ATP as a neurotransmitter and to investigate whether ATP and nicotinic signaling interact during adolescence. With the GRABATP (G-protein-coupled receptor activation-based ATP sensor), we first demonstrated that nicotine induces extracellular ATP release in the medial habenula, a brain region involved in nicotine aversion and withdrawal. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we then demonstrated that activation of the ATP receptors P2X or P2Y1 increases the neuronal firing of cholinergic neurons. Surprisingly, contrasting interactive effects were observed with nicotine exposure. For the P2X receptor, activation had no observable effect on acute nicotine-mediated activity, but during abstinence after 10 d of nicotine exposure, coexposure to nicotine and the P2X agonist potentiated neuronal activity in female, but not male, neurons. For P2Y1 signaling, a potentiated effect of the agonist and nicotine was observed with acute exposure, but not following extended nicotine exposure. These data reveal a complex interactive effect between nicotinic and ATP signaling in the adolescent brain and provide mechanistic insights into extracellular ATP signaling with sex-specific alterations of neuronal responses based on prior drug exposure.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In these studies, it was discovered that nicotine induces extracellular ATP release in the medial habenula and subsequent activation of the ATP purinergic receptors increases habenular cholinergic neuronal firing in the adolescent brain. Interestingly, following extended nicotine exposure, nicotine was found to alter the interplay between purinergic and nicotinic signaling in a sex-specific manner. Together, these studies provide a novel understanding for the role of extracellular ATP in mediating habenular activity and reveal how nicotine exposure during adolescence alters these signaling mechanisms, which has important implications given the high incidence of e-cigarette/vape use by youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Daniel Jun Rindner
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - James P Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Valeria Lallai
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Allison Mogul
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Angelo Demuro
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Gyorgy Lur
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Christie D Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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7
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Babiec L, Wilkaniec A, Matuszewska M, Pałasz E, Cieślik M, Adamczyk A. Alterations of Purinergic Receptors Levels and Their Involvement in the Glial Cell Morphology in a Pre-Clinical Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1088. [PMID: 37509018 PMCID: PMC10377192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that defects in purinergic signalling are a common denominator of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), though nothing is known about whether the disorder-related imbalance occurs at the receptor level. In this study, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) induces changes in purinergic receptor expression in adolescence and whether it corresponds to glial cell activation. Pregnant dams were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection of VPA at embryonic day 12.5. In the hippocampi of adolescent male VPA offspring, we observed an increase in the level of P2X1, with concomitant decreases in P2X7 and P2Y1 receptors. In contrast, in the cortex, the level of P2X1 was significantly reduced. Also, significant increases in cortical P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors were detected. Additionally, we observed profound alterations in microglial cell numbers and morphology in the cortex of VPA animals, leading to the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The changes in glial cells were partially reduced via a single administration of a non-selective P2 receptor antagonist. These studies show the involvement of purinergic signalling imbalance in the modulation of brain inflammatory response induced via prenatal VPA exposure and may indicate that purinergic receptors are a novel target for pharmacological intervention in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pałasz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Quintas C, Gonçalves J, Queiroz G. Involvement of P2Y 1, P2Y 6, A 1 and A 2A Receptors in the Purinergic Inhibition of NMDA-Evoked Noradrenaline Release in the Rat Brain Cortex. Cells 2023; 12:1690. [PMID: 37443726 PMCID: PMC10341078 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cerebral cortex, glutamate activates NMDA receptors (NMDARs), localized in noradrenergic neurons, inducing noradrenaline release that may have a permissive effect on glutamatergic transmission, and therefore, on the modulation of long-term plasticity. ATP is co-released with noradrenaline, and with its metabolites (ADP and adenosine) is involved in the purinergic modulation of electrically-evoked noradrenaline release. However, it is not known if noradrenaline release evoked by activation of NMDARs is also under purinergic modulation. The present study aimed to investigate and to characterize the purinergic modulation of noradrenaline release evoked by NMDARs. Stimulation of rat cortical slices with 30 µM NMDA increased noradrenaline release, which was inhibited by ATP upon metabolization into ADP and adenosine and by the selective agonists of A1 and A2A receptors, CPA and CGS2680, respectively. It was also inhibited by UTP and UDP, which are mainly released under pathophysiological situations. Characterization of the effects mediated by these compounds indicated the involvement of P2Y1, P2Y6, A1 and A2A receptors. It is concluded that, in the rat brain cortex, NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release is modulated by several purinergic receptors that may represent a relevant mechanism to regulate the permissive effect of noradrenaline on NMDA-induced neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Mechanistic Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Unit, UCIBIO-i4HB, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.Q.); (G.Q.)
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9
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Lalo U, Pankratov Y. ATP-mediated signalling in the central synapses. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109477. [PMID: 36841527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
ATP released from the synaptic terminals and astrocytes can activate neuronal P2 receptors at a variety of locations across the CNS. Although the postsynaptic ATP-mediated signalling does not bring a major contribution into the excitatory transmission, it is instrumental for slow and diffuse modulation of synaptic dynamics and neuronal firing in many CNS areas. Neuronal P2X and P2Y receptors can be activated by ATP released from the synaptic terminals, astrocytes and microglia and thereby can participate in the regulation of synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. There is growing evidence of importance of purinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in different physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we review the main mechanisms underlying the complexity and diversity of purinergic signalling and purinergic modulation in central neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Lalo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
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10
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Lopes CR, Gonçalves FQ, Olaio S, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Lopes JP. Adenosine A 2A Receptors Shut Down Adenosine A 1 Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition to Promote Implementation of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040715. [PMID: 37189461 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine operates a modulation system fine-tuning the efficiency of synaptic transmission and plasticity through A1 and A2A receptors (A1R, A2AR), respectively. Supramaximal activation of A1R can block hippocampal synaptic transmission, and the tonic engagement of A1R-mediated inhibition is increased with increased frequency of nerve stimulation. This is compatible with an activity-dependent increase in extracellular adenosine in hippocampal excitatory synapses, which can reach levels sufficient to block synaptic transmission. We now report that A2AR activation decreases A1R-medated inhibition of synaptic transmission, with particular relevance during high-frequency-induced long-term potentiation (LTP). Thus, whereas the A1R antagonist DPCPX (50 nM) was devoid of effects on LTP magnitude, the addition of an A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (50 nM) allowed a facilitatory effect of DPCPX on LTP to be revealed. Additionally, the activation of A2AR with CGS21680 (30 nM) decreased the potency of the A1R agonist CPA (6-60 nM) to inhibit hippocampal synaptic transmission in a manner prevented by SCH58261. These observations show that A2AR play a key role in dampening A1R during high-frequency induction of hippocampal LTP. This provides a new framework for understanding how the powerful adenosine A1R-mediated inhibition of excitatory transmission can be controlled to allow the implementation of hippocampal LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Simão Olaio
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-534 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Lezmy J. How astrocytic ATP shapes neuronal activity and brain circuits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102685. [PMID: 36746109 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play a key role in processing information at synapses, by controlling synapse formation, modulating synapse strength and terminating neurotransmitter action. They release ATP to shape brain activity but it is unclear how, as astrocyte processes contact many targets and ATP-mediated effects are diverse and numerous. Here, I review recent studies showing how astrocytic ATP modulates cellular mechanisms in nearby neurons and glia in the grey and white matter, how it affects signal transmission in these areas, and how it modulates behavioural outputs. I attempt to provide a flowchart of astrocytic ATP signalling, showing that it tends to inhibit neural circuits to match energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lezmy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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12
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Ribeiro DE, Petiz LL, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Andrejew R, Saab FDAR, Milanis MDS, Campos HC, Sampaio VFA, La Banca S, Longo BM, Lameu C, Tang Y, Resende RR, Ferreira ST, Ulrich H. Purinergic signaling in cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109371. [PMID: 36502867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
About 10 million new cases of dementia develop worldwide each year, of which up to 70% are attributable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to the widely known symptoms of memory loss and cognitive impairment, AD patients frequently develop non-cognitive symptoms, referred to as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs). Sleep disorders are often associated with AD, but mood alterations, notably depression and apathy, comprise the most frequent class of BPSDs. BPSDs negatively affect the lives of AD patients and their caregivers, and have a significant impact on public health systems and the economy. Because treatments currently available for AD are not disease-modifying and mainly aim to ameliorate some of the cognitive symptoms, elucidating the mechanisms underlying mood alterations and other BPSDs in AD may reveal novel avenues for progress in AD therapy. Purinergic signaling is implicated in the pathophysiology of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as AD, depression and sleep disorders. Here, we review recent findings indicating that purinergic receptors, mainly the A1, A2A, and P2X7 subtypes, are associated with the development/progression of AD. Current evidence suggests that targeting purinergic signaling may represent a promising therapeutic approach in AD and related conditions. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Milena da Silva Milanis
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Correia Campos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sophia La Banca
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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13
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Dias L, Pochmann D, Lemos C, Silva HB, Real JI, Gonçalves FQ, Rial D, Gonçalves N, Simões AP, Ferreira SG, Agostinho P, Cunha RA, Tomé AR. Increased Synaptic ATP Release and CD73-Mediated Formation of Extracellular Adenosine in the Control of Behavioral and Electrophysiological Modifications Caused by Chronic Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1299-1309. [PMID: 36881648 PMCID: PMC10080657 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased ATP release and its extracellular catabolism through CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) lead to the overactivation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which occurs in different brain disorders. A2AR blockade blunts mood and memory dysfunction caused by repeated stress, but it is unknown if increased ATP release coupled to CD73-mediated formation of extracellular adenosine is responsible for A2AR overactivation upon repeated stress. This was now investigated in adult rats subject to repeated stress for 14 consecutive days. Frontocortical and hippocampal synaptosomes from stressed rats displayed an increased release of ATP upon depolarization, coupled to an increased density of vesicular nucleotide transporters and of CD73. The continuous intracerebroventricular delivery of the CD73 inhibitor α,β-methylene ADP (AOPCP, 100 μM) during restraint stress attenuated mood and memory dysfunction. Slice electrophysiological recordings showed that restraint stress decreased long-term potentiation both in prefrontocortical layer II/III-layer V synapses and in hippocampal Schaffer fibers-CA1 pyramid synapses, which was prevented by AOPCP, an effect occluded by adenosine deaminase and by the A2AR antagonist SCH58261. These results indicate that increased synaptic ATP release coupled to CD73-mediated formation of extracellular adenosine contributes to mood and memory dysfunction triggered by repeated restraint stress. This prompts considering interventions decreasing ATP release and CD73 activity as novel strategies to mitigate the burden of repeated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dias
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC─Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana I Real
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Simões
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC─Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC─Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Pereira ADS, Miron VV, Castro MFV, Bottari NB, Assmann CE, Nauderer JN, Bissacotti BF, Mostardeiro VB, Stefanello N, Baldissarelli J, Palma TV, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Neuromodulatory effect of the combination of metformin and vitamin D 3 triggered by purinergic signaling in type 1 diabetes induced-rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 563:111852. [PMID: 36657632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the vitamin D deficiency in the development of macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) including DM-related cognitive dysfunction. The purinergic system plays an important role in the modulation of a variety of mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, plasticity, and cell-cell communication. In addition, purines, their receptors, and enzymes can regulate the purinergic axis at different levels in type 1 DM (T1DM). This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D3 alone or in combination with metformin in the behavioral performance of streptozotocin-induced T1DM rats. The effects of this combination on the metabolism of ATP and ADP were also studied by NTPDase (CD39), AMP by 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), and adenosine by adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) in the brain and peripheral lymphocytes of type 1 diabetic STZ-induced rats. The results showed that anxiety and memory loss from the DM condition reverted after 30 days of vitamin D3 treatment. Furthermore, the DM state affected systemic enzymes, with no effect on the central enzymes hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides. Vitamin D3 treatment positively regulated ectonucleotidase (NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase) activity, E-ADA, and the purinergic receptors as a mechanism to prevent oxidative damage in the cerebral cortex of T1DM rats. A neuroprotector effect of vitamin D3 through adenosine signaling was also observed, by regulating A1 and A2A receptors proteins levels. The present findings suggest that purinergic signaling through vitamin D3 modulation may be a novel alternative strategy for T1DM treatment, and may compensate for the negative changes in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline da Silva Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jelson Norberto Nauderer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Fagan Bissacotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal Palma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Gonçalves FQ, Matheus FC, Silva HB, Real JI, Rial D, Rodrigues RJ, Oses JP, Silva AC, Gonçalves N, Prediger RD, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA. Increased ATP Release and Higher Impact of Adenosine A 2A Receptors on Corticostriatal Plasticity in a Rat Model of Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1659-1674. [PMID: 36547848 PMCID: PMC9899190 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP can be a danger signal, but its role in striatal circuits afflicted in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear and was now investigated. ATP was particularly released at high stimulation intensities from purified striatal nerve terminals of mice, which were endowed with different ATP-P2 receptors (P2R), although P2R antagonists did not alter corticostriatal transmission or plasticity. Instead, ATP was extracellularly catabolized into adenosine through CD73 to activate adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) modulating corticostriatal long-term potentiation (LTP) in mice. In the presymptomatic phase of a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD, ATP release from striatal nerve terminals was increased and was responsible for a greater impact of CD73 and A2AR on corticostriatal LTP. These observations identify increased ATP release and ATP-derived formation of extracellular adenosine bolstering A2AR activation as a key pathway responsible for abnormal synaptic plasticity in circuits involved in the onset of PD motor symptoms. The translation of these findings to humans prompts extending the use of A2AR antagonists from only co-adjuvants of motor control in Parkinsonian patients to neuroprotective drugs delaying the onset of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe C. Matheus
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Henrique B. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Oses
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António C. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui D. Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Ângelo R. Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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P2Y1 Receptor as a Catalyst of Brain Neurodegeneration. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Different brain disorders display distinctive etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms. However, they also share pathogenic events. One event systematically occurring in different brain disorders, both acute and chronic, is the increase of the extracellular ATP levels. Accordingly, several P2 (ATP/ADP) and P1 (adenosine) receptors, as well as the ectoenzymes involved in the extracellular catabolism of ATP, have been associated to different brain pathologies, either with a neuroprotective or neurodegenerative action. The P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) is one of the purinergic receptors associated to different brain diseases. It has a widespread regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution in the brain, it is capable of modulating synaptic function and neuronal activity, and it is particularly important in the control of astrocytic activity and in astrocyte–neuron communication. In diverse brain pathologies, there is growing evidence of a noxious gain-of-function of P2Y1R favoring neurodegeneration by promoting astrocyte hyperactivity, entraining Ca2+-waves, and inducing the release of glutamate by directly or indirectly recruiting microglia and/or by increasing the susceptibility of neurons to damage. Here, we review the current evidence on the involvement of P2Y1R in different acute and chronic neurodegenerative brain disorders and the underlying mechanisms.
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17
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Gold OMS, Bardsley EN, Ponnampalam AP, Pauza AG, Paton JFR. Cellular basis of learning and memory in the carotid body. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:902319. [PMID: 36046221 PMCID: PMC9420943 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.902319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The carotid body is the primary peripheral chemoreceptor in the body, and critical for respiration and cardiovascular adjustments during hypoxia. Yet considerable evidence now implicates the carotid body as a multimodal sensor, mediating the chemoreflexes of a wide range of physiological responses, including pH, temperature, and acidosis as well as hormonal, glucose and immune regulation. How does the carotid body detect and initiate appropriate physiological responses for these diverse stimuli? The answer to this may lie in the structure of the carotid body itself. We suggest that at an organ-level the carotid body is comparable to a miniature brain with compartmentalized discrete regions of clustered glomus cells defined by their neurotransmitter expression and receptor profiles, and with connectivity to defined reflex arcs that play a key role in initiating distinct physiological responses, similar in many ways to a switchboard that connects specific inputs to selective outputs. Similarly, within the central nervous system, specific physiological outcomes are co-ordinated, through signaling via distinct neuronal connectivity. As with the brain, we propose that highly organized cellular connectivity is critical for mediating co-ordinated outputs from the carotid body to a given stimulus. Moreover, it appears that the rudimentary components for synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory are conserved in the carotid body including the presence of glutamate and GABAergic systems, where evidence pinpoints that pathophysiology of common diseases of the carotid body may be linked to deviations in these processes. Several decades of research have contributed to our understanding of the central nervous system in health and disease, and we discuss that understanding the key processes involved in neuronal dysfunction and synaptic activity may be translated to the carotid body, offering new insights and avenues for therapeutic innovation.
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18
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Rahimi B, Aliaghaei A, Ramezani F, Behroozi Z, Nasirinezhad F. Sertoli cell transplantation attenuates microglial activation and inhibits TRPC6 expression in neuropathic pain induced by spinal cord injury. Physiol Behav 2022; 251:113807. [PMID: 35427673 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy is a promising treatment method for relieving neuropathic pain caused by spinal cord injuries (SCI). Sertoli cells (SCs) are an attractive choice given their demonstrated secretion of growth factors and immunosuppressant effect. This study mechanistically characterizes the analgesic effect of SCs transplantation. METHODS The clip compression SCI model was carried out on the T12-T13 level in male Wistar rats. One-week post-SCI, SCs were transplanted into the site of injury. Animals underwent Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scoring, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia on a weekly basis for a duration of six weeks. Histological examination of the spinal cord and molecular evaluation of Iba-1, P2Y4, TRPC6, and P-mTOR were performed. SCs survival, measured by anti-Müllerian hormone expression in the spinal cord. RESULTS Animals that received SCs transplantation showed improvement in motor function recovery and pain relief. Furthermore, a cavity was significantly decreased in the transplanted animals (p = 0.0024), the expression level of TRPC6 and caspase3 and the number of activated microglia decreased compared to the SCI animals, and p-mTOR and P2Y4R expression remarkably increased compared to the SCI group. CONCLUSION SCs transplantation produces an analgesic effect which may represent a promising treatment for SCI-induced chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Rahimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behroozi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for experimental and comparative study, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Gonçalves MCB, Andrejew R, Gubert C. The Purinergic System as a Target for the Development of Treatments for Bipolar Disorder. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:787-801. [PMID: 35829960 PMCID: PMC9345801 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiological and neurochemical mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder are complex and not yet fully understood. From circadian disruption to neuroinflammation, many pathways and signaling molecules are important contributors to bipolar disorder development, some specific to a disease subtype or a cycling episode. Pharmacological agents for bipolar disorder have shown only partial efficacy, including mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. The purinergic hypothesis for bipolar disorder emerges in this scenario as a promising target for further research and drug development, given its role in neurotransmission and neuroinflammation that results in behavioral and mood regulation. Here, we review the basic concepts of purinergic signaling in the central nervous system and its contribution to bipolar disorder pathophysiology. Allopurinol and novel P2X7 receptor antagonists are promising candidates for treating bipolar disorder. We further explore currently available pharmacotherapies and the emerging new purinergic targets for drug development in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3032, Australia.
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20
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Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Purinergic P2 Receptors in the Mouse Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158078. [PMID: 34360844 PMCID: PMC8348931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP and other nucleotides are important glio-/neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. They bind to purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors that are ubiquitously expressed in various brain regions modulating various physiological and pathophysiological processes. P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channels mediating excitatory postsynaptic responses whereas P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors mediating slow synaptic transmission. A variety of P2X and P2Y subtypes with distinct neuroanatomical localization provide the basis for a high diversity in their function. There is increasing evidence that P2 receptor signaling plays a prominent role in learning and memory and thus, in hippocampal neuronal plasticity. Learning and memory are time-of-day-dependent. Moreover, extracellular ATP shows a diurnal rhythm in rodents. However, it is not known whether P2 receptors have a temporal variation in the hippocampus. This study provides a detailed systematic analysis on spatial and temporal distribution of P2 in the mouse hippocampus. We found distinct spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the P2 receptors in different hippocampal layers. The temporal distribution of P2 receptors can be segregated into two large time domains, the early to mid-day and the mid to late night. This study provides an important basis for understanding dynamic P2 purinergic signaling in the hippocampal glia/neuronal network.
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21
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Optimising the energetic cost of the glutamatergic synapse. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108727. [PMID: 34314736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As for electronic computation, neural information processing is energetically expensive. This is because information is coded in the brain as membrane voltage changes, which are generated largely by passive ion movements down electrochemical gradients, and these ion movements later need to be reversed by active ATP-dependent ion pumping. This article will review how much of the energetic cost of the brain reflects the activity of glutamatergic synapses, consider the relative amount of energy used pre- and postsynaptically, outline how evolution has energetically optimised synapse function by adjusting the presynaptic release probability and the postsynaptic number of glutamate receptors, and speculate on how energy use by synapses may be sensed and adjusted.
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22
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Guo X, Li Q, Pi S, Xia Y, Mao L. G protein-coupled purinergic P2Y receptor oligomerization: Pharmacological changes and dynamic regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114689. [PMID: 34274353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P2Y receptors (P2YRs) are a δ group of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with many essential functions in physiology and pathology, such as platelet aggregation, immune responses, neuroprotective effects, inflammation, and cellular proliferation. Thus, they are among the most researched therapeutic targets used for the clinical treatment of diseases (e.g., the antithrombotic drug clopidogrel and the dry eye treatment drug diquafosol). GPCRs transmit signals as dimers to increase the diversity of signalling pathways and pharmacological activities. Many studies have frequently confirmed dimerization between P2YRs and other GPCRs due to their functions in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular processes in vivo and in vitro. Recently, some P2YR dimers that dynamically balance physiological functions in the body were shown to be involved in effective signal transduction and exert pathological responses. In this review, we summarize the types, pharmacological changes, and active regulators of P2YR-related dimerization, and delineate new functions and pharmacological activities of P2YR-related dimers, which may be a novel direction to improve the effectiveness of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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23
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Tang J, Bair M, Descalzi G. Reactive Astrocytes: Critical Players in the Development of Chronic Pain. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:682056. [PMID: 34122194 PMCID: PMC8192827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with long term plasticity of nociceptive pathways in the central nervous system. Astrocytes can profoundly affect synaptic function and increasing evidence has highlighted how altered astrocyte activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. In response to injury, astrocytes undergo a shift in form and function known as reactive astrogliosis, which affects their release of cytokines and gliotransmitters. These neuromodulatory substances have been implicated in driving the persistent changes in central nociceptive activity. Astrocytes also release lactate which neurons can use to produce energy during synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, recent research has provided insight into lactate's emerging role as a signaling molecule in the central nervous system, which may be involved in directly modulating neuronal and astrocytic activity. In this review, we present evidence for the involvement of astrocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha in pain-associated plasticity, in addition to research suggesting the potential involvement of gliotransmitters D-serine and adenosine-5'-triphosphate. We also discuss work implicating astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, and the possible role of lactate, which has been sparsely studied in the context of chronic pain, in supporting pathological changes in central nociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giannina Descalzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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24
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Huang Z, Xie N, Illes P, Di Virgilio F, Ulrich H, Semyanov A, Verkhratsky A, Sperlagh B, Yu SG, Huang C, Tang Y. From purines to purinergic signalling: molecular functions and human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:162. [PMID: 33907179 PMCID: PMC8079716 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine and ATP, are the key molecules controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these purines support, as chemical messengers, purinergic transmission throughout tissues and species. Purines act as endogenous ligands that bind to and activate plasmalemmal purinoceptors, which mediate extracellular communication referred to as "purinergic signalling". Purinergic signalling is cross-linked with other transmitter networks to coordinate numerous aspects of cell behaviour such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and other physiological processes critical for the proper function of organisms. Pathological deregulation of purinergic signalling contributes to various diseases including neurodegeneration, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Particularly, gout is one of the most prevalent purine-related disease caused by purine metabolism disorder and consequent hyperuricemia. Compelling evidence indicates that purinoceptors are potential therapeutic targets, with specific purinergic agonists and antagonists demonstrating prominent therapeutic potential. Furthermore, dietary and herbal interventions help to restore and balance purine metabolism, thus addressing the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and relief of human disorders. Profound understanding of molecular mechanisms of purinergic signalling provides new and exciting insights into the treatment of human diseases.
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Grants
- National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1709101,2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251, 81373735, 81972665), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B030302012), the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2018/07366-4), Russian Science Foundation grant 20-14-00241, NSFC-BFBR;and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108)
- National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251).
- National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B030302012).
- the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901) and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108).
- the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901), and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Increased surface P2X4 receptor regulates anxiety and memory in P2X4 internalization-defective knock-in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:629-644. [PMID: 31911635 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATP signaling and surface P2X4 receptors are upregulated selectively in neurons and/or glia in various CNS disorders including anxiety, chronic pain, epilepsy, ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the cell-specific functions of P2X4 in pathological contexts remain elusive. To elucidate P2X4 functions, we created a conditional transgenic knock-in P2X4 mouse line (Floxed P2X4mCherryIN) allowing the Cre activity-dependent genetic swapping of the internalization motif of P2X4 by the fluorescent mCherry protein to prevent constitutive endocytosis of P2X4. By combining molecular, cellular, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches, we characterized two distinct knock-in mouse lines expressing noninternalized P2X4mCherryIN either exclusively in excitatory forebrain neurons or in all cells natively expressing P2X4. The genetic substitution of wild-type P2X4 by noninternalized P2X4mCherryIN in both knock-in mouse models did not alter the sparse distribution and subcellular localization of P2X4 but increased the number of P2X4 receptors at the surface of the targeted cells mimicking the pathological increased surface P2X4 state. Increased surface P2X4 density in the hippocampus of knock-in mice altered LTP and LTD plasticity phenomena at CA1 synapses without affecting basal excitatory transmission. Moreover, these cellular events translated into anxiolytic effects and deficits in spatial memory. Our results show that increased surface density of neuronal P2X4 contributes to synaptic deficits and alterations in anxiety and memory functions consistent with the implication of P2X4 in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, these conditional P2X4mCherryIN knock-in mice will allow exploring the cell-specific roles of P2X4 in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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Alhowail A, Zhang LX, Buabeid M, Shen JZ, Suppiramaniam V. Role of the purinergic P2Y2 receptor in hippocampal function in mice. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:11858-11864. [PMID: 33275273 PMCID: PMC10015965 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the purinergic P2Y2 receptor in learning and memory processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Behavioral, electrophysiological, and biochemical tests of memory function were conducted in P2Y2 receptor knockout (P2Y2R-KO) mice, and the findings were compared to those of wild-type mice with the help of unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS The findings of the behavioral Y-maze test showed that the P2Y2R-KO mice had impaired memory and cognitive function. Electrophysiological studies on paired-pulse facilitation showed that glutamate release was higher in the P2Y2R-KO mice than in the WT mice. Furthermore, PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of acetylcholinesterase E (AChE) and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) were increased in the hippocampus of P2Y2R-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that P2Y2 receptors are important regulators of both glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Purinergic signaling orchestrating neuron-glia communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105253. [PMID: 33080321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P2X and P2Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A1 and A2A receptors) in the crosstalk between neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. An initial emphasis will be given to the cooperation between adenosine receptors to sharpen information salience encoding across synapses. The interplay between ATP and adenosine signaling in the communication between astrocytes and neurons will then be presented in context of the integrative properties of the astrocytic syncytium, allowing to implement heterosynaptic depression processes in neuronal networks. The process of microglia 'activation' and its control by astrocytes and neurons will then be analyzed under the perspective of an interplay between different P2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors. In spite of these indications of a prominent role of purinergic signaling in the bidirectional communication between neurons and glia, its therapeutical exploitation still awaits obtaining an integrated view of the spatio-temporal action of ATP signaling and adenosine signaling, clearly distinguishing the involvement of both purinergic signaling systems in the regulation of physiological processes and in the control of pathogenic-like responses upon brain dysfunction or damage.
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Jovanovic S, Milenkovic I. Purinergic Modulation of Activity in the Developing Auditory Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1285-1298. [PMID: 33040238 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic P2 receptors, activated by endogenous ATP, are prominently expressed on neuronal and non-neuronal cells during development of the auditory periphery and central auditory neurons. In the mature cochlea, extracellular ATP contributes to ion homeostasis, and has a protective function against noise exposure. Here, we focus on the modulation of activity by extracellular ATP during early postnatal development of the lower auditory pathway. In mammals, spontaneous patterned activity is conveyed along afferent auditory pathways before the onset of acoustically evoked signal processing. During this critical developmental period, inner hair cells fire bursts of action potentials that are believed to provide a developmental code for synaptic maturation and refinement of auditory circuits, thereby establishing a precise tonotopic organization. Endogenous ATP-release triggers such patterned activity by raising the extracellular K+ concentration and contributes to firing by increasing the excitability of auditory nerve fibers, spiral ganglion neurons, and specific neuron types within the auditory brainstem, through the activation of diverse P2 receptors. We review recent studies that provide new models on the contribution of purinergic signaling to early development of the afferent auditory pathway. Further, we discuss potential future directions of purinergic research in the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Jovanovic
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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29
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Behroozi Z, Ramezani F, Janzadeh A, Rahimi B, Nasirinezhad F. Platelet-rich plasma in umbilical cord blood reduces neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury by altering the expression of ATP receptors. Physiol Behav 2020; 228:113186. [PMID: 32980385 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain following injury or dysfunction of the peripheral or CNS is one of the most important medical challenges to treat. Humane platelet-rich plasma (HPRP), which is a rich source of growth factors, may be able to treat and reduce pain caused by spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, the effect of HPRP on neuropathic pain caused by SCI was investigated. METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, sham, SCI, vehicle (SCI+platelet-poor plasma), SCI+ PRP2day (injection 48 hrs after SCI) and SCI+PRP14day (injection 14 days after SCI). SCI was induced at the T12-T13 level. Behavioral tests were conducted weekly after injury for six weeks. Allodynia and hyperalgesia were assessed using acetone drops, plantar test and von Frey filament. Cavity size and the number of fibroblasts were determined by H&E stain, and the expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, P2×3R and P2Y4R were determined using the western blot technique. Data were analyzed using PRISM & SPSS software. RESULTS PRP injection showed a higher pain threshold in mechanical allodynia (p<0.0001), cold allodynia (p<0.0001) and thermal hyperalgesia (p<0.0001) than those in the spinal. Animals treated with PRP also reduced cavity size, fibroblast number, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, and P2×3R expression, and increased P2Y4R expression. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that PRP reduced SCI-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia by regulating ATP signaling. Using HPRP can open a new window in the treatment of pain caused by damage to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Behroozi
- Student research committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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P2X3 receptors contribute to transition from acute to chronic muscle pain. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:403-414. [PMID: 32766958 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether the development and/or maintenance of chronic-latent muscle hyperalgesia is modulated by P2X3 receptors. We also evaluate the expression of P2X3 receptors and PKCε of dorsal root ganglions during these processes. A mouse model of chronic-latent muscle hyperalgesia, induced by carrageenan and evidenced by PGE2, was used. Mechanical muscle hyperalgesia was measured by Randall-Selitto analgesimeter. The involvement of P2X3 receptors was analyzed by using the selective P2X3 receptors antagonist A-317491 by intramuscular or intrathecal injections. Expression of P2X3 and PKCε in dorsal root ganglion (L4-S1) were evaluated by Western blotting. Intrathecal blockade of P2X3 receptors previously to carrageenan prevented the development and maintenance of acute and chronic-latent muscle hyperalgesia, while intramuscular blockade of P2X3 receptors previously to carrageenan only reduced the acute muscle hyperalgesia and had no effect on chronic-latent muscle hyperalgesia. Intrathecal, but not intramuscular, blockade of P2X3 receptors immediately before PGE2, in animals previously sensitized by carrageenan, reversed the chronic-latent muscle hyperalgesia. There was an increase in total and phosphorylated PKCε 48 h after the beginning of acute muscle hyperalgesia, and in P2X3 receptors at the period of chronic muscle hyperalgesia. P2X3 receptors expressed on spinal cord dorsal horn contribute to transition from acute to chronic muscle pain. We also suggest an interaction of PKCε and P2X3 receptors in this process. Therefore, we point out P2X3 receptors of the spinal cord dorsal horn as a pharmacological target to prevent the development or reverse the chronic muscle pain conditions.
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31
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Reklow RJ, Alvares TS, Zhang Y, Miranda Tapia AP, Biancardi V, Katzell AK, Frangos SM, Hansen MA, Toohey AW, Cass CE, Young JD, Pagliardini S, Boison D, Funk GD. The Purinome and the preBötzinger Complex - A Ménage of Unexplored Mechanisms That May Modulate/Shape the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:365. [PMID: 31496935 PMCID: PMC6712068 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of purinergic signaling in brainstem homeostatic control processes is challenging the traditional view that the biphasic hypoxic ventilatory response, which comprises a rapid initial increase in breathing followed by a slower secondary depression, reflects the interaction between peripheral chemoreceptor-mediated excitation and central inhibition. While controversial, accumulating evidence supports that in addition to peripheral excitation, interactions between central excitatory and inhibitory purinergic mechanisms shape this key homeostatic reflex. The objective of this review is to present our working model of how purinergic signaling modulates the glutamatergic inspiratory synapse in the preBötzinger Complex (key site of inspiratory rhythm generation) to shape the hypoxic ventilatory response. It is based on the perspective that has emerged from decades of analysis of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus, where the actions of extracellular ATP are determined by a complex signaling system, the purinome. The purinome involves not only the actions of ATP and adenosine at P2 and P1 receptors, respectively, but diverse families of enzymes and transporters that collectively determine the rate of ATP degradation, adenosine accumulation and adenosine clearance. We summarize current knowledge of the roles played by these different purinergic elements in the hypoxic ventilatory response, often drawing on examples from other brain regions, and look ahead to many unanswered questions and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Reklow
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tucaaue S. Alvares
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ana P. Miranda Tapia
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian Biancardi
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexis K. Katzell
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sara M. Frangos
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan A. Hansen
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander W. Toohey
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carol E. Cass
- Professor Emerita, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James D. Young
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Silvia Pagliardini
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Gregory D. Funk
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Context-Specific Switch from Anti- to Pro-epileptogenic Function of the P2Y 1 Receptor in Experimental Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5377-5392. [PMID: 31048325 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0089-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP activates inflammatory responses to tissue injury. It is also implicated in establishing lasting network hyperexcitability in the brain by acting upon independent receptor systems. Whereas the fast-acting P2X channels have well-established roles driving neuroinflammation and increasing hyperexcitability, the slower-acting metabotropic P2Y receptors have received much less attention. Recent studies of P2Y1 receptor function in seizures and epilepsy have produced contradictory results, suggesting that the role of this receptor during seizure pathology may be highly sensitive to context. Here, by using male mice, we demonstrate that the metabotropic P2Y1 receptor mediates either proconvulsive or anticonvulsive responses, dependent on the time point of activation in relation to the induction of status epilepticus. P2Y1 deficiency or a P2Y1 antagonist (MRS2500) administered before a chemoconvulsant, exacerbates epileptiform activity, whereas a P2Y1 agonist (MRS2365) administered at this time point is anticonvulsant. When these drugs are administered after the onset of status epilepticus, however, their effect on seizure severity is reversed, with the antagonist now anticonvulsant and the agonist proconvulsant. This result was consistent across two different mouse models of status epilepticus (intra-amygdala kainic acid and intraperitoneal pilocarpine). Pharmacologic P2Y1 blockade during status epilepticus reduces also associated brain damage, delays the development of epilepsy and, when applied during epilepsy, suppresses spontaneous seizures, in mice. Our data show a context-specific role for P2Y1 during seizure pathology and demonstrate that blocking P2Y1 after status epilepticus and during epilepsy has potent anticonvulsive effects, suggesting that P2Y1 may be a novel candidate for the treatment of drug-refractory status epilepticus and epilepsy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first study to fully characterize the contribution of a metabotropic purinergic P2Y receptor during acute seizures and epilepsy. The findings suggest that targeting P2Y1 may offer a potential novel treatment strategy for drug-refractory status epilepticus and epilepsy. Our data demonstrate a context-specific role of P2Y1 activation during seizures, switching from a proconvulsive to an anticonvulsive role depending on physiopathological context. Thus, our study provides a possible explanation for seemingly conflicting results obtained between studies of different brain diseases where P2Y1 targeting has been proposed as a potential treatment strategy and highlights that the timing of pharmacological interventions is of critical importance to the understanding of how receptors contribute to the generation of seizures and the development of epilepsy.
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Miras-Portugal MT, Queipo MJ, Gil-Redondo JC, Ortega F, Gómez-Villafuertes R, Gualix J, Delicado EG, Pérez-Sen R. P2 receptor interaction and signalling cascades in neuroprotection. Brain Res Bull 2018; 151:74-83. [PMID: 30593879 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotides can contribute to the survival of different glial and neuronal models at the nervous system via activation of purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors. Their activation counteracts different proapoptotic events, such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress and DNA damage, which concur to elicit cell loss in different processes of neurodegeneration and brain injury. Thus, it is frequent to find that different neuroprotective mediators converge in the activation of the same intracellular survival pathways to protect cells from death. The present review focuses on the role of P2Y1 and P2Y13 metabotropic receptors, and P2X7 ionotropic receptors to regulate the balance between survival and apoptosis. In particular, we analyze the intracellular pathways involved in the signaling of these nucleotide receptors to elicit survival, including calcium/PLC, PI3K/Akt/GSK3, MAPK cascades, and the expression of antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes. This review emphasizes the novel contribution of nucleotide receptors to maintain cell homeostasis through the regulation of MAP kinases and phosphatases. Unraveling the different roles found for nucleotide receptors in different models and cellular contexts may be crucial to delineate future therapeutic applications based on targeting nucleotide receptors for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª José Queipo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gil-Redondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gualix
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Erb L, Woods LT, Khalafalla MG, Weisman GA. Purinergic signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 151:25-37. [PMID: 30472151 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by three major histopathological markers: amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis in the central nervous system (CNS). It is now accepted that neuroinflammatory events in the CNS play a crucial role in the development of AD. This review focuses on neuroinflammatory signaling mediated by purinergic receptors (P1 adenosine receptors, P2X ATP-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled P2Y nucleotide receptors) and how therapeutic modulation of purinergic signaling influences disease progression in AD patients and animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mahmoud G Khalafalla
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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35
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Freyberg Z, Logan RW. The Intertwined Roles of Circadian Rhythms and Neuronal Metabolism Fueling Drug Reward and Addiction. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:80-89. [PMID: 30631826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a highly prevalent and devastating disorder with few effective treatments, resulting in enormous burdens on family and society. The cellular and behavioral effects of drugs of abuse are related to their abilities to elevate synaptic dopamine levels. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens play crucial roles in substance-induced neural and behavioral plasticity. Significantly, increasing work suggests that interplay between the brain circadian system and the cellular bioenergetic machinery in these dopamine neurons plays a critical role in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse. Here, we describe recent progress in elucidating the interconnections between circadian and metabolic systems at the molecular and cellular levels and their relationships to modulation of drug reward and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15213
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609
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36
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Zhao L, Dong M, Wang D, Ren M, Zheng Y, Zheng H, Li C, Gao H. Characteristic Metabolic Alterations Identified in Primary Neurons Under High Glucose Exposure. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:207. [PMID: 30065632 PMCID: PMC6056731 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a central nervous system (CNS) complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is characterized by impaired memory and cognitive ability. An in-depth understanding of metabolic alterations in the brain associated with DM will facilitate our understanding of the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction. The present study used an in vitro culture of primary neurons in a high-glucose (HG) environment to investigate characteristic alterations in neuron metabolism using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also used to measure changes in the adenosine phosphate levels in the hippocampal regions of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Our results revealed significant elevations in phosphocholine and ATP production in neurons and decreased formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), tyrosine, methionine, acetate and phenylalanine levels after HG treatment. However, the significant changes in lactate, glutamate, taurine and myo-inositol levels in astrocytes we defined previously in astrocytes, were not found in neurons, suggested cell-specific metabolic alterations. We also confirmed an astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle between different compartments in the brain under HG conditions, which was accompanied by abnormal acetate transport. These alterations reveal specific information on the metabolite levels and transport processes related to neurons under diabetic conditions. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the metabolic alterations and underlying pathogenesis of cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minjian Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengqian Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Medicine of School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Mayhew J, Graham BA, Biber K, Nilsson M, Walker FR. Purinergic modulation of glutamate transmission: An expanding role in stress-linked neuropathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 93:26-37. [PMID: 29959963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress has been extensively linked to disturbances in glutamatergic signalling. Emerging from this field of research is a considerable number of studies identifying the ability of purines at the pre-, post-, and peri-synaptic levels to tune glutamatergic neurotransmission. While the evidence describing purinergic control of glutamate has continued to grow, there has been relatively little attention given to how chronic stress modulates purinergic functions. The available research on this topic has demonstrated that chronic stress can not only disturb purinergic receptors involved in the regulation of glutamate neurotransmission, but also perturb glial-dependent purinergic signalling. This review will provide a detailed examining of the complex literature relating to glutamatergic-purinergic interactions with a focus on both neuronal and glial contributions. Once these detailed interactions have been described and contextualised, we will integrate recent findings from the field of stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mayhew
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - B A Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - K Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Nilsson
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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38
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Alves M, Beamer E, Engel T. The Metabotropic Purinergic P2Y Receptor Family as Novel Drug Target in Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:193. [PMID: 29563872 PMCID: PMC5851315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy encompasses a heterogeneous group of neurological syndromes which are characterized by recurrent seizures affecting over 60 million people worldwide. Current anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are mainly designed to target ion channels and/or GABA or glutamate receptors. Despite recent advances in drug development, however, pharmacoresistance in epilepsy remains as high as 30%, suggesting the need for the development of new AEDs with a non-classical mechanism of action. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as one of the key players in seizure generation and in the maintenance of the epileptic phenotype. Consequently, targeting signaling molecules involved in inflammatory processes may represent new avenues to improve treatment in epilepsy. Nucleotides such as adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) are released in the brain into the extracellular space during pathological conditions such as increased neuronal firing or cell death. Once released, these nucleotides bind to and activate specific purinergic receptors termed P2 receptors where they mediate the release of gliotransmitters and drive neuronal hyperexcitation and neuroinflammatory processes. This includes the fast acting ionotropic P2X channels and slower-acting G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors. While the expression and function of P2X receptors has been well-established in experimental models of epilepsy, emerging evidence is now also suggesting a prominent role for the P2Y receptor subfamily in seizure generation and the maintenance of epilepsy. In this review we discuss data supporting a role for the P2Y receptor family in epilepsy and the most recent finding demonstrating their involvement during seizure-induced pathology and in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Beamer
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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39
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Glutamate-induced and NMDA receptor-mediated neurodegeneration entails P2Y1 receptor activation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:297. [PMID: 29463792 PMCID: PMC5833818 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the characteristic etiologies and phenotypes, different brain disorders rely on common pathogenic events. Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is a pathogenic event shared by different brain disorders. Another event occurring in different brain pathological conditions is the increase of the extracellular ATP levels, which is now recognized as a danger and harmful signal in the brain, as heralded by the ability of P2 receptors (P2Rs) to affect a wide range of brain disorders. Yet, how ATP and P2R contribute to neurodegeneration remains poorly defined. For that purpose, we now examined the contribution of extracellular ATP and P2Rs to glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. We found both in vitro and in vivo that ATP/ADP through the activation of P2Y1R contributes to glutamate-induced neuronal death in the rat hippocampus. We found in cultured rat hippocampal neurons that the exposure to glutamate (100 µM) for 30 min triggers a sustained increase of extracellular ATP levels, which contributes to NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated hippocampal neuronal death through the activation of P2Y1R. We also determined that P2Y1R is involved in excitotoxicity in vivo as the blockade of P2Y1R significantly attenuated rat hippocampal neuronal death upon the systemic administration of kainic acid or upon the intrahippocampal injection of quinolinic acid. This contribution of P2Y1R fades with increasing intensity of excitotoxic conditions, which indicates that P2Y1R is not contributing directly to neurodegeneration, rather behaving as a catalyst decreasing the threshold from which glutamate becomes neurotoxic. Moreover, we unraveled that such excitotoxicity process began with an early synaptotoxicity that was also prevented/attenuated by the antagonism of P2Y1R, both in vitro and in vivo. This should rely on the observed glutamate-induced calpain-mediated axonal cytoskeleton damage, most likely favored by a P2Y1R-driven increase of NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ entry selectively in axons. This may constitute a degenerative mechanism shared by different brain diseases, particularly relevant at initial pathogenic stages.
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Menéndez-Méndez A, Díaz-Hernández JI, Ortega F, Gualix J, Gómez-Villafuertes R, Miras-Portugal MT. Specific Temporal Distribution and Subcellular Localization of a Functional Vesicular Nucleotide Transporter (VNUT) in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:951. [PMID: 29311945 PMCID: PMC5744399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important extracellular neurotransmitter that participates in several critical processes like cell differentiation, neuroprotection or axon guidance. Prior to its exocytosis, ATP must be stored in secretory vesicles, a process that is mediated by the Vesicular Nucleotide Transporter (VNUT). This transporter has been identified as the product of the SLC17A9 gene and it is prominently expressed in discrete brain areas, including the cerebellum. The main population of cerebellar neurons, the glutamatergic granule neurons, depends on purinergic signaling to trigger neuroprotective responses. However, while nucleotide receptors like P2X7 and P2Y13 are known to be involved in neuroprotection, the mechanisms that regulate ATP release in relation to such events are less clearly understood. In this work, we demonstrate that cerebellar granule cells express a functional VNUT that is involved in the regulation of ATP exocytosis. Numerous vesicles loaded with this nucleotide can be detected in these granule cells and are staining by the fluorescent ATP-marker, quinacrine. High potassium stimulation reduces quinacrine fluorescence in granule cells, indicating they release ATP via calcium dependent exocytosis. Specific subcellular markers were used to assess the localization of VNUT in granule cells, and the transporter was detected in both the axonal and somatodendritic compartments, most predominantly in the latter. However, co-localization with the specific lysosomal marker LAMP-1 indicated that VNUT can also be found in non-synaptic vesicles, such as lysosomes. Interestingly, the weak co-localization between VNUT and VGLUT1 suggests that the ATP and glutamate vesicle pools are segregated, as also observed in the cerebellar cortex. During post-natal cerebellar development, VNUT is found in granule cell precursors, co-localizing with markers of immature cells like doublecortin, suggesting that this transporter may be implicated in the initial stages of granule cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Menéndez-Méndez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,University Institute of Neurochemistry Research (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan I Díaz-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,University Institute of Neurochemistry Research (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,University Institute of Neurochemistry Research (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gualix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,University Institute of Neurochemistry Research (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,University Institute of Neurochemistry Research (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Miras-Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,University Institute of Neurochemistry Research (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Beamer E, Kovács G, Sperlágh B. ATP released from astrocytes modulates action potential threshold and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the neonatal rat prefrontal cortex. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:129-142. [PMID: 29030320 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia; however, a full mechanistic understanding has yet to be established. The activity of a transient cell population, the subplate neurons, is critical for the development of cortical inhibition and functional thalamocortical connections. Sensitivity of these cells to factors released during inflammation, therefore, may offer a link between maternal immune activation and the aberrant cortical development underlying some neuropsychiatric disorders. An elevated extracellular ATP concentration is associated with inflammation and has been shown to have an effect on neuronal activity. Here, we investigated the effect of ATP on the electrophysiological properties of subplate neurons. Exogenous ATP increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) at micromolar concentrations. Further, ATP released by astrocytes activated by the PAR-1 agonist, TFLLR-NH2, also increased the amplitude and frequency of sEPSCs in subplate neurons. The electrophysiological properties of subplate neurons recorded from prefrontal cortical (PFC) slices from neonatal rats were also disrupted in a maternal immune activation rat model of schizophrenia, with a suramin-sensitive increase in frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs. An alternative neurodevelopmental rat model of schizophrenia, MAM-E17, which did not rely on maternal immune activation, however, showed no change in subplate neuron activity. Both models were validated with behavioral assays, showing schizophrenia-like endophenotypes in young adulthood. The purinergic modulation of subplate neuron activity offers a potential explanatory link between maternal immune activation and disruptions in cortical development that lead to the emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Beamer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kovács
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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42
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Bilodeau MS, Leiter JC. Angiotensin 1-7 in the rostro-ventrolateral medulla increases blood pressure and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity in anesthetized rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 247:103-111. [PMID: 28993263 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin 1-7 (ANG-(1-7)), a derivative of angiotensin I or II, is involved in the propagation of sympathetic output to the heart and vasculature, and the receptor for ANG-(1-7), the Mas receptor, is expressed on astrocytes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). We recorded blood pressure (BP) and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) before and after focal injection of ANG-(1-7) into the RVLM of rats. Unilateral injection of ANG-(1-7) into the RVLM, acting through the Mas receptor, increased SSNA and BP, and glutamate receptor antagonists, CNQX and D-AP5, partially reduced the ANG-(1-7) effect. ATP is often co-released with glutamate, and blocking ATP with PPADS also reduced the pressor response to microinjection of ANG-(1-7) within the RVLM. The effects of ANG-(1-7) were blocked by the MAS receptor antagonist, A-779 (which had no consistent effect on blood pressure or sympathetic nerve activity when injected on its own). We conclude that astrocytes in the RVLM participate in central, angiotensin-dependent regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, and the Mas receptor, when activated by ANG-(1-7), elicits the release of the gliotransmitters, glutamate and ATP. These gliotransmitters then cause an increase in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure by interacting with AMPA/kainate and P2X receptors in the RVLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Bilodeau
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - J C Leiter
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States.
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43
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Amorim JA, Canas PM, Tomé AR, Rolo AP, Agostinho P, Palmeira CM, Cunha RA. Mitochondria in Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses have Similar Susceptibility to Amyloid-β Peptides Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:525-536. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João A. Amorim
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R. Tomé
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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44
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Lanser AJ, Rezende RM, Rubino S, Lorello PJ, Donnelly DJ, Xu H, Lau LA, Dulla CG, Caldarone BJ, Robson SC, Weiner HL. Disruption of the ATP/adenosine balance in CD39 -/- mice is associated with handling-induced seizures. Immunology 2017; 152:589-601. [PMID: 28742222 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are due to excessive, synchronous neuronal firing in the brain and are characteristic of epilepsy, the fourth most prevalent neurological disease. We report handling-induced and spontaneous seizures in mice deficient for CD39, a cell-surface ATPase highly expressed on microglial cells. CD39-/- mice with handling-induced seizures had normal input-output curves and paired-pulse ratio measured from hippocampal slices and lacked microgliosis, astrogliosis or overt cell loss in the hippocampus and cortex. As expected, however, the cerebrospinal fluid of CD39-/- mice contained increased levels of ATP and decreased levels of adenosine. To determine if immune activation was involved in seizure progression, we challenged mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and measured the effect on microglia activation and seizure severity. Systemic LPS challenge resulted in increased cortical staining of Iba1/CD68 and gene array data from purified microglia predicted increased expression of interleukin-8, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, p38, pattern recognition receptors, death receptor, nuclear factor-κB , complement, acute phase, and interleukin-6 signalling pathways in CD39-/- versus CD39+/+ mice. However, LPS treatment did not affect handling-induced seizures. In addition, microglia-specific CD39 deletion in adult mice was not sufficient to cause seizures, suggesting instead that altered expression of CD39 during development or on non-microglial cells such as vascular endothelial cells may promote the seizure phenotype. In summary, we show a correlation between altered extracellular ATP/adenosine ratio and a previously unreported seizure phenotype in CD39-/- mice. This work provides groundwork for further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Lorello
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dustin J Donnelly
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A Lau
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris G Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Neuronal P2X7 Receptors Revisited: Do They Really Exist? J Neurosci 2017; 37:7049-7062. [PMID: 28747388 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3103-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors (Rs) constitute a subclass of ATP-sensitive ionotropic receptors (P2X1-P2X7). P2X7Rs have many distinguishing features, mostly based on their long intracellular C terminus regulating trafficking to the cell membrane, protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modification. Their C-terminal tail is especially important in enabling the transition from the nonselective ion channel mode to a membrane pore allowing the passage of large molecules. There is an ongoing dispute on the existence of neuronal P2X7Rs with consequences for our knowledge on their involvement in neuroinflammation, aggravating stroke, temporal lobe epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and various neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas early results appeared to support the operation of P2X7Rs at neurons, more recently glial P2X7Rs are increasingly considered as indirect causes of neuronal effects. Specific tools for P2X7Rs are of limited value because of the poor selectivity of agonists, and the inherent failure of antibodies to differentiate between the large number of active and inactive splice variants, or gain-of-function and loss-of-function small nucleotide polymorphisms of the receptor. Unfortunately, the available P2RX7 knock-out mice generated by pharmaceutical companies possess certain splice variants, which evade inactivation. In view of the recently discovered bidirectional dialogue between astrocytes and neurons (and even microglia and neurons), we offer an alternative explanation for previous data, which assumedly support the existence of P2X7Rs at neurons. We think that the unbiased reader will follow our argumentation on astrocytic or microglial P2X7Rs being the primary targets of pathologically high extracellular ATP concentrations, although a neuronal localization of these receptors cannot be fully excluded either.
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Modulation of Central Synapses by Astrocyte-Released ATP and Postsynaptic P2X Receptors. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:9454275. [PMID: 28845311 PMCID: PMC5563405 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9454275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between neuronal and glial cells is important for neural plasticity. P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels widely expressed in the brain where they mediate action of extracellular ATP released by neurons and/or glia. Recent data show that postsynaptic P2X receptors underlie slow neuromodulatory actions rather than fast synaptic transmission at brain synapses. Here, we review these findings with a particular focus on the release of ATP by astrocytes and the diversity of postsynaptic P2X-mediated modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity in the CNS.
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47
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Piacentini R, Puma DDL, Mainardi M, Lazzarino G, Tavazzi B, Arancio O, Grassi C. Reduced gliotransmitter release from astrocytes mediates tau-induced synaptic dysfunction in cultured hippocampal neurons. Glia 2017; 65:1302-1316. [PMID: 28519902 PMCID: PMC5520670 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein exerting several physiological functions in neurons. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) misfolded tau accumulates intraneuronally and leads to axonal degeneration. However, tau has also been found in the extracellular medium. Recent studies indicated that extracellular tau uploaded from neurons causes synaptic dysfunction and contributes to tau pathology propagation. Here we report novel evidence that extracellular tau oligomers are abundantly and rapidly accumulated in astrocytes where they disrupt intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ -dependent release of gliotransmitters, especially ATP. Consequently, synaptic vesicle release, the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins, and mEPSC frequency and amplitude were reduced in neighboring neurons. Notably, we found that tau uploading from astrocytes required the amyloid precursor protein, APP. Collectively, our findings suggests that astrocytes play a critical role in the synaptotoxic effects of tau via reduced gliotransmitter availability, and that astrocytes are major determinants of tau pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Donatella Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, 630 W 168th St., NY 10032 USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Villarejo-López L, Jiménez E, Bartolomé-Martín D, Zafra F, Lapunzina P, Aragón C, López-Corcuera B. P2X receptors up-regulate the cell-surface expression of the neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:99-116. [PMID: 28734869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycinergic inhibitory neurons of the spinal dorsal horn exert critical control over the conduction of nociceptive signals to higher brain areas. The neuronal glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) is involved in the recycling of synaptic glycine from the inhibitory synaptic cleft and its activity modulates intra and extracellular glycine concentrations. In this report we show that the stimulation of P2X purinergic receptors with βγ-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate induces the up-regulation of GlyT2 transport activity by increasing total and plasma membrane expression and reducing transporter ubiquitination. We identified the receptor subtypes involved by combining pharmacological approaches, siRNA-mediated protein knockdown, and dorsal root ganglion cell enrichment in brainstem and spinal cord primary cultures. Up-regulation of GlyT2 required the combined stimulation of homomeric P2X3 and P2X2 receptors or heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors. We measured the spontaneous glycinergic currents, glycine release and GlyT2 uptake concurrently in response to P2X receptor agonists, and showed that the impact of P2X3 receptor activation on glycinergic neurotransmission involves the modulation of GlyT2 expression or activity. The recognized pro-nociceptive action of P2X3 receptors suggests that the fine-tuning of GlyT2 activity may have consequences in nociceptive signal conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Villarejo-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Bartolomé-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Zafra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Carmen Aragón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Corcuera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
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Morató X, López-Cano M, Canas PM, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. Brain Membrane Fractionation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Assess Subsynaptic Protein Localization. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28570537 DOI: 10.3791/55661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the synaptic protein composition and function constitutes an important challenge in neuroscience. However, it is not easy to evaluate neurotransmission that occurs within synapses because it is highly regulated by dynamic protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation events. Accordingly, when any method is used to study synaptic transmission, a major goal is to preserve these transient physiological modifications. Here, we present a brain membrane fractionation protocol that represents a robust procedure to isolate proteins belonging to different synaptic compartments. In other words, the protocol describes a biochemical methodology to carry out protein enrichment from presynaptic, postsynaptic, and extrasynaptic compartments. First, synaptosomes, or synaptic terminals, are obtained from neurons that contain all synaptic compartments by means of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Of note, the quality of this initial synaptic membrane preparation is critical. Subsequently, the isolation of the different subsynaptic compartments is achieved with light solubilization using mild detergents at differential pH conditions. This allows for separation by gradient and isopycnic centrifugations. Finally, protein enrichment at the different subsynaptic compartments (i.e., pre-, post- and extrasynaptic membrane fractions) is validated by means of immunoblot analysis using well-characterized synaptic protein markers (i.e., SNAP-25, PSD-95, and synaptophysin, respectively), thus enabling a direct assessment of the synaptic distribution of any particular neuronal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona;
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Barańska J, Czajkowski R, Pomorski P. P2Y 1 Receptors - Properties and Functional Activities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28639247 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter we try to show a comprehensive image of current knowledge of structure, activity and physiological role of the P2Y1 purinergic receptor. The structure, distribution and changes in the expression of this receptor are summarized, as well as the mechanism of its signaling activity by the intracellular calcium mobilization. We try to show the connection between the components of its G protein activation and cellular or physiological effects, starting from changes in protein phosphorylation patterns and ending with such remote effects as receptor-mediated apoptosis. The special emphasis is put on the role of the P2Y1 receptor in cancer cells and neuronal plasticity. We concentrate on the P2Y1 receptor, it is though impossible to completely abstract from other aspects of nucleotide signaling and cross-talk with other nucleotide receptors is here discussed. Especially, the balance between P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors, sharing the same ligand but signaling through different pathways, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Barańska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Laboratory of Spatial Memory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomorski
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Cell Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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