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Kamalova A, Manoocheri K, Liu X, Casello SM, Huang M, Baimel C, Jang EV, Anastasiades PG, Collins DP, Carter AG. CCK+ Interneurons Contribute to Thalamus-Evoked Feed-Forward Inhibition in the Prelimbic Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0957232024. [PMID: 38697841 PMCID: PMC11154858 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0957-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulate local neural activity to influence cognitive, motivated, and emotional behaviors. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons are the primary mediators of thalamus-evoked feed-forward inhibition across the mouse cortex, including the anterior cingulate cortex, where they are engaged by inputs from the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus. In contrast, in the adjacent prelimbic (PL) cortex, we find that PV+ interneurons are scarce in the principal thalamorecipient layer 3 (L3), suggesting distinct mechanisms of inhibition. To identify the interneurons that mediate MD-evoked inhibition in PL, we combine slice physiology, optogenetics, and intersectional genetic tools in mice of both sexes. We find interneurons expressing cholecystokinin (CCK+) are abundant in L3 of PL, with cells exhibiting fast-spiking (fs) or non-fast-spiking (nfs) properties. MD inputs make stronger connections onto fs-CCK+ interneurons, driving them to fire more readily than nearby L3 pyramidal cells and other interneurons. CCK+ interneurons in turn make inhibitory, perisomatic connections onto L3 pyramidal cells, where they exhibit cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) mediated modulation. Moreover, MD-evoked feed-forward inhibition, but not direct excitation, is also sensitive to CB1R modulation. Our findings indicate that CCK+ interneurons contribute to MD-evoked inhibition in PL, revealing a mechanism by which cannabinoids can modulate MD-PFC communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aichurok Kamalova
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Kasra Manoocheri
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Sanne M Casello
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Matthew Huang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Corey Baimel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Emily V Jang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | | | - David P Collins
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Adam G Carter
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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Kim HR, Long M, Sekerková G, Maes A, Kennedy A, Martina M. Hypernegative GABA A Reversal Potential in Pyramidal Cells Contributes to Medial Prefrontal Cortex Deactivation in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:522-532. [PMID: 37793537 PMCID: PMC10841847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been broadly reported in both neuropathic pain models and human chronic pain patients. Several cellular mechanisms may contribute to the inhibition of mPFC activity, including enhanced GABAergic inhibition. The functional effect of GABAA(γ-aminobutyric acid type A)-receptor activation depends on the concentration of intracellular chloride in the postsynaptic neuron, which is mainly regulated by the activity of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2), 2 potassium-chloride cotransporters that import and extrude chloride, respectively. Recent work has shown that the NKCC1-KCC2 ratio is affected in numerous pathological conditions, and we hypothesized that it may contribute to the alteration of mPFC function in neuropathic pain. We used quantitative in situ hybridization to assess the level of expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 in the mPFC of a mouse model of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury), and we found that KCC2 transcript is increased in the mPFC of spared nerve injury mice while NKCC1 is not affected. Perforated patch recordings further showed that this results in the hypernegative reversal potential of the GABAA current in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC. Computational simulations suggested that this change in GABAA reversal potential is sufficient to significantly reduce the overall activity of the cortical network. Thus, our results identify a novel pathological modulation of GABAA function and a new mechanism by which mPFC function is inhibited in neuropathic pain. Our data also help explain previous findings showing that activation of mPFC interneurons has proalgesic effect in neuropathic, but not in control conditions. PERSPECTIVE: Chronic pain is associated with the presence of depolarizing GABAA current in the spinal cord, suggesting that pharmacological NKCC1 antagonism has analgesic effects. However, our results show that in neuropathic pain, GABAA current is actually hyperinhibitory in the mPFC, where it contributes to the mPFC functional deactivation. This suggests caution in the use of NKCC1 antagonism to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haram R Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manzhao Long
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabriella Sekerková
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amadeus Maes
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ann Kennedy
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marco Martina
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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3
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Tagore M, Hergenreder E, Perlee SC, Cruz NM, Menocal L, Suresh S, Chan E, Baron M, Melendez S, Dave A, Chatila WK, Nsengimana J, Koche RP, Hollmann TJ, Ideker T, Studer L, Schietinger A, White RM. GABA Regulates Electrical Activity and Tumor Initiation in Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2270-2291. [PMID: 37553760 PMCID: PMC10551668 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenes can initiate tumors only in certain cellular contexts, which is referred to as oncogenic competence. In melanoma, whether cells in the microenvironment can endow such competence remains unclear. Using a combination of zebrafish transgenesis coupled with human tissues, we demonstrate that GABAergic signaling between keratinocytes and melanocytes promotes melanoma initiation by BRAFV600E. GABA is synthesized in melanoma cells, which then acts on GABA-A receptors in keratinocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrates specialized cell-cell junctions between keratinocytes and melanoma cells, and multielectrode array analysis shows that GABA acts to inhibit electrical activity in melanoma/keratinocyte cocultures. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of GABA synthesis abrogates melanoma initiation in vivo. These data suggest that GABAergic signaling across the skin microenvironment regulates the ability of oncogenes to initiate melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows evidence of GABA-mediated regulation of electrical activity between melanoma cells and keratinocytes, providing a new mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor initiation. This provides insights into the role of the skin microenvironment in early melanomas while identifying GABA as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. See related commentary by Ceol, p. 2128. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohita Tagore
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emiliano Hergenreder
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah C. Perlee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nelly M. Cruz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura Menocal
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Shruthy Suresh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Chan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maayan Baron
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephanie Melendez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Asim Dave
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeremie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis J. Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard M. White
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hernández-Frausto M, Bilash OM, Masurkar AV, Basu J. Local and long-range GABAergic circuits in hippocampal area CA1 and their link to Alzheimer's disease. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1223891. [PMID: 37841892 PMCID: PMC10570439 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1223891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAergic inhibitory neurons are the principal source of inhibition in the brain. Traditionally, their role in maintaining the balance of excitation-inhibition has been emphasized. Beyond homeostatic functions, recent circuit mapping and functional manipulation studies have revealed a wide range of specific roles that GABAergic circuits play in dynamically tilting excitation-inhibition coupling across spatio-temporal scales. These span from gating of compartment- and input-specific signaling, gain modulation, shaping input-output functions and synaptic plasticity, to generating signal-to-noise contrast, defining temporal windows for integration and rate codes, as well as organizing neural assemblies, and coordinating inter-regional synchrony. GABAergic circuits are thus instrumental in controlling single-neuron computations and behaviorally-linked network activity. The activity dependent modulation of sensory and mnemonic information processing by GABAergic circuits is pivotal for the formation and maintenance of episodic memories in the hippocampus. Here, we present an overview of the local and long-range GABAergic circuits that modulate the dynamics of excitation-inhibition and disinhibition in the main output area of the hippocampus CA1, which is crucial for episodic memory. Specifically, we link recent findings pertaining to GABAergic neuron molecular markers, electrophysiological properties, and synaptic wiring with their function at the circuit level. Lastly, given that area CA1 is particularly impaired during early stages of Alzheimer's disease, we emphasize how these GABAergic circuits may contribute to and be involved in the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hernández-Frausto
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Olesia M. Bilash
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Arjun V. Masurkar
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jayeeta Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Inaba H, Li H, Kawatake-Kuno A, Dewa KI, Nagai J, Oishi N, Murai T, Uchida S. GPCR-mediated calcium and cAMP signaling determines psychosocial stress susceptibility and resiliency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5397. [PMID: 37018397 PMCID: PMC10075968 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders. Although behavioral responses to repeated stress vary across individuals, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we perform a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of an animal model of depression and patients with clinical depression and report that dysfunction of the Fos-mediated transcription network in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) confers a stress-induced social interaction deficit. Critically, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated ACC Fos knockdown causes social interaction deficits under stressful situation. Moreover, two classical second messenger pathways, calcium and cyclic AMP, in the ACC during stress differentially modulate Fos expression and regulate stress-induced changes in social behaviors. Our findings highlight a behaviorally relevant mechanism for the regulation of calcium- and cAMP-mediated Fos expression that has potential as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders related to stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Inaba
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haiyan Li
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawatake-Kuno
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Dewa
- Laboratory for Glia-Neuron Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Laboratory for Glia-Neuron Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shusaku Uchida
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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6
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Kida H, Kawakami R, Sakai K, Otaku H, Imamura K, Han TZ, Sakimoto Y, Mitsushima D. Motor training promotes both synaptic and intrinsic plasticity of layer V pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex. J Physiol 2023; 601:335-353. [PMID: 36515167 DOI: 10.1113/jp283755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer V neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) are important for motor skill learning. Since pretreatment of either CNQX or APV in rat M1 layer V impaired rotor rod learning, we analysed training-induced synaptic plasticity by whole-cell patch-clamp technique in acute brain slices. Rats trained for 1 day showed a decrease in small inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) frequency and an increase in the paired-pulse ratio of evoked IPSCs, suggesting a transient decrease in presynaptic GABA release in the early phase. Rats trained for 2 days showed an increase in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitudes/frequency and elevated AMPA/NMDA ratios, suggesting a long-term strengthening of AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory synapses. Importantly, rotor rod performance in trained rats was correlated with the mean mEPSC amplitude and the frequency obtained from that animal. In current-clamp analysis, 1-day-trained rats transiently decreased the current-induced firing rate, while 2-day-trained rats returned to pre-training levels, suggesting dynamic changes in intrinsic properties. Furthermore, western blot analysis of layer V detected decreased phosphorylation of Ser408-409 in GABAA receptor β3 subunits in 1-day-trained rats, and increased phosphorylation of Ser831 in AMPA receptor GluA1 subunits in 2-day-trained rats. Finally, live-imaging analysis of Thy1-YFP transgenic mice showed that the training rapidly recruited a substantial number of spines for long-term plasticity in M1 layer V neurons. Taken together, these results indicate that motor training induces complex and diverse plasticity in M1 layer V pyramidal neurons. KEY POINTS: Here we examined motor training-induced synaptic and intrinsic plasticity of layer V pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex. The training reduced presynaptic GABA release in the early phase, but strengthened AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory synapses in the later phase: acquired motor performance after training correlated with the strength of excitatory synapses rather than inhibitory synapses. As to the intrinsic property, the training transiently decreased the firing rate in the early phase, but returned to pre-training levels in the later phase. Western blot analysis detected decreased phosphorylation of Ser408-409 in GABAA receptor β3 subunits in the acute phase, and increased phosphorylation of Ser831 in AMPA receptor GluA1 subunits in the later phase. Live-imaging analysis of Thy1-YFP transgenic mice showed rapid and long-term spine plasticity in M1 layer V neurons, suggesting training-induced increases in self-entropy per spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kida
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - R Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - H Otaku
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - K Imamura
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Thiri-Zin Han
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Y Sakimoto
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Dai Mitsushima
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.,The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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7
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Cichoń MA, Pfisterer K, Leitner J, Wagner L, Staud C, Steinberger P, Elbe-Bürger A. Interoperability of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and immune functions in human Langerhans cells. eLife 2022; 11:e80578. [PMID: 36223176 PMCID: PMC9555864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is an active immune organ where professional antigen-presenting cells such as epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) link innate and adaptive immune responses. While Reticulon 1A (RTN1A) was recently identified in LCs and dendritic cells in cutaneous and lymphoid tissues of humans and mice, its function is still unclear. Here, we studied the involvement of this protein in cytoskeletal remodeling and immune responses toward pathogens by stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in resident LCs (rLCs) and emigrated LCs (eLCs) in human epidermis ex vivo and in a transgenic THP-1 RTN1A+ cell line. Hampering RTN1A functionality through an inhibitory antibody induced significant dendrite retraction of rLCs and inhibited their emigration. Similarly, expression of RTN1A in THP-1 cells significantly altered their morphology, enhanced aggregation potential, and inhibited the Ca2+ flux. Differentiated THP-1 RTN1A+ macrophages exhibited long cell protrusions and a larger cell body size in comparison to wild-type cells. Further, stimulation of epidermal sheets with bacterial lipoproteins (TLR1/2 and TLR2 agonists) and single-stranded RNA (TLR7 agonist) resulted in the formation of substantial clusters of rLCs and a significant decrease of RTN1A expression in eLCs. Together, our data indicate involvement of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and structural plasticity of primary LCs. Moreover, we discovered a relation between activation of TLRs, clustering of LCs, and downregulation of RTN1A within the epidermis, thus indicating an important role of RTN1A in LC residency and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Pfisterer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lena Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Clement Staud
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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8
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Fish KN, Joffe ME. Targeting prefrontal cortex GABAergic microcircuits for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:936911. [PMID: 36105666 PMCID: PMC9465392 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.936911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is of paramount importance for improving patient outcomes and alleviating the suffering related to the disease. A better understanding of the molecular and neurocircuit mechanisms through which alcohol alters brain function will be instrumental in the rational development of new efficacious treatments. Clinical studies have consistently associated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) function with symptoms of AUDs. Population-level analyses have linked the PFC structure and function with heavy drinking and/or AUD diagnosis. Thus, targeting specific PFC cell types and neural circuits holds promise for the development of new treatments. Here, we overview the tremendous diversity in the form and function of inhibitory neuron subtypes within PFC and describe their therapeutic potential. We then summarize AUD population genetics studies, clinical neurophysiology findings, and translational neuroscience discoveries. This study collectively suggests that changes in fast transmission through PFC inhibitory microcircuits are a central component of the neurobiological effects of ethanol and the core symptoms of AUDs. Finally, we submit that there is a significant and timely need to examine sex as a biological variable and human postmortem brain tissue to maximize the efforts in translating findings to new clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max E. Joffe
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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9
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Moore JJ, Robert V, Rashid SK, Basu J. Assessing Local and Branch-specific Activity in Dendrites. Neuroscience 2022; 489:143-164. [PMID: 34756987 PMCID: PMC9125998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrites are elaborate neural processes which integrate inputs from various sources in space and time. While decades of work have suggested an independent role for dendrites in driving nonlinear computations for the cell, only recently have technological advances enabled us to capture the variety of activity in dendrites and their coupling dynamics with the soma. Under certain circumstances, activity generated in a given dendritic branch remains isolated, such that the soma or even sister dendrites are not privy to these localized signals. Such branch-specific activity could radically increase the capacity and flexibility of coding for the cell as a whole. Here, we discuss these forms of localized and branch-specific activity, their functional relevance in plasticity and behavior, and their supporting biophysical and circuit-level mechanisms. We conclude by showcasing electrical and optical approaches in hippocampal area CA3, using original experimental data to discuss experimental and analytical methodology and key considerations to take when investigating the functional relevance of independent dendritic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Moore
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vincent Robert
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shannon K Rashid
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jayeeta Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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10
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Joffe ME, Maksymetz J, Luschinger JR, Dogra S, Ferranti AS, Luessen DJ, Gallinger IM, Xiang Z, Branthwaite H, Melugin PR, Williford KM, Centanni SW, Shields BC, Lindsley CW, Calipari ES, Siciliano CA, Niswender CM, Tadross MR, Winder DG, Conn PJ. Acute restraint stress redirects prefrontal cortex circuit function through mGlu 5 receptor plasticity on somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Neuron 2022; 110:1068-1083.e5. [PMID: 35045338 PMCID: PMC8930582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons orchestrate prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity, but we have a limited understanding of the molecular and experience-dependent mechanisms that regulate synaptic plasticity across PFC microcircuits. We discovered that mGlu5 receptor activation facilitates long-term potentiation at synapses from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) onto somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) in mice. This plasticity appeared to be recruited during acute restraint stress, which induced intracellular calcium mobilization within SST-INs and rapidly potentiated postsynaptic strength onto SST-INs. Restraint stress and mGlu5 receptor activation each augmented BLA recruitment of SST-IN phasic feedforward inhibition, shunting information from other excitatory inputs, including the mediodorsal thalamus. Finally, studies using cell-type-specific mGlu5 receptor knockout mice revealed that mGlu5 receptor function in SST-expressing cells is necessary for restraint stress-induced changes to PFC physiology and related behaviors. These findings provide new insights into interneuron-specific synaptic plasticity mechanisms and suggest that SST-IN microcircuits may be promising targets for treating stress-induced psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - James Maksymetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph R Luschinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shalini Dogra
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony S Ferranti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah J Luessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Isabel M Gallinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hannah Branthwaite
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick R Melugin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie M Williford
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel W Centanni
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brenda C Shields
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Tadross
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Anisimova M, van Bommel B, Wang R, Mikhaylova M, Wiegert JS, Oertner TG, Gee CE. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity rewards synchrony rather than causality. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:23-34. [PMID: 35203089 PMCID: PMC9758582 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a candidate mechanism for information storage in the brain, but the whole-cell recordings required for the experimental induction of STDP are typically limited to 1 h. This mismatch of time scales is a long-standing weakness in synaptic theories of memory. Here we use spectrally separated optogenetic stimulation to fire precisely timed action potentials (spikes) in CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cells. Twenty minutes after optogenetic induction of STDP (oSTDP), we observed timing-dependent depression (tLTD) and timing-dependent potentiation (tLTP), depending on the sequence of spiking. As oSTDP does not require electrodes, we could also assess the strength of these paired connections three days later. At this late time point, late tLTP was observed for both causal (CA3 before CA1) and anticausal (CA1 before CA3) timing, but not for asynchronous activity patterns (Δt = 50 ms). Blocking activity after induction of oSTDP prevented stable potentiation. Our results confirm that neurons wire together if they fire together, but suggest that synaptic depression after anticausal activation (tLTD) is a transient phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Anisimova
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bas van Bommel
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany,Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Feie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rui Wang
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany,Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Simon Wiegert
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christine E Gee
- Corresponding author: Institute for Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Larkum ME, Wu J, Duverdin SA, Gidon A. The guide to dendritic spikes of the mammalian cortex in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience 2022; 489:15-33. [PMID: 35182699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Half a century since their discovery by Llinás and colleagues, dendritic spikes have been observed in various neurons in different brain regions, from the neocortex and cerebellum to the basal ganglia. Dendrites exhibit a terrifically diverse but stereotypical repertoire of spikes, sometimes specific to subregions of the dendrite. Despite their prevalence, we only have a glimpse into their role in the behaving animal. This article aims to survey the full range of dendritic spikes found in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, compare them in vivo versus in vitro, and discuss new studies describing dendritic spikes in the human cortex. We focus on dendritic spikes in neocortical and hippocampal neurons and present a roadmap to identify and understand the broader role of dendritic spikes in single-cell computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Larkum
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiameng Wu
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah A Duverdin
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Gidon
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Froudist-Walsh S, Bliss DP, Ding X, Rapan L, Niu M, Knoblauch K, Zilles K, Kennedy H, Palomero-Gallagher N, Wang XJ. A dopamine gradient controls access to distributed working memory in the large-scale monkey cortex. Neuron 2021; 109:3500-3520.e13. [PMID: 34536352 PMCID: PMC8571070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is required for working memory, but how it modulates the large-scale cortex is unknown. Here, we report that dopamine receptor density per neuron, measured by autoradiography, displays a macroscopic gradient along the macaque cortical hierarchy. This gradient is incorporated in a connectome-based large-scale cortex model endowed with multiple neuron types. The model captures an inverted U-shaped dependence of working memory on dopamine and spatial patterns of persistent activity observed in over 90 experimental studies. Moreover, we show that dopamine is crucial for filtering out irrelevant stimuli by enhancing inhibition from dendrite-targeting interneurons. Our model revealed that an activity-silent memory trace can be realized by facilitation of inter-areal connections and that adjusting cortical dopamine induces a switch from this internal memory state to distributed persistent activity. Our work represents a cross-level understanding from molecules and cell types to recurrent circuit dynamics underlying a core cognitive function distributed across the primate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P Bliss
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xingyu Ding
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Meiqi Niu
- Research Centre Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kenneth Knoblauch
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell & Brain Research Institute, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany
| | - Henry Kennedy
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell & Brain Research Institute, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Research Centre Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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14
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Kuljis DA, Micheva KD, Ray A, Wegner W, Bowman R, Madison DV, Willig KI, Barth AL. Gephyrin-Lacking PV Synapses on Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810032. [PMID: 34576197 PMCID: PMC8467468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gephyrin has long been thought of as a master regulator for inhibitory synapses, acting as a scaffold to organize γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) at the post-synaptic density. Accordingly, gephyrin immunostaining has been used as an indicator of inhibitory synapses; despite this, the pan-synaptic localization of gephyrin to specific classes of inhibitory synapses has not been demonstrated. Genetically encoded fibronectin intrabodies generated with mRNA display (FingRs) against gephyrin (Gephyrin.FingR) reliably label endogenous gephyrin, and can be tagged with fluorophores for comprehensive synaptic quantitation and monitoring. Here we investigated input- and target-specific localization of gephyrin at a defined class of inhibitory synapse, using Gephyrin.FingR proteins tagged with EGFP in brain tissue from transgenic mice. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neuron presynaptic boutons labeled using Cre- dependent synaptophysin-tdTomato were aligned with postsynaptic Gephyrin.FingR puncta. We discovered that more than one-third of PV boutons adjacent to neocortical pyramidal (Pyr) cell somas lack postsynaptic gephyrin labeling. This finding was confirmed using correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy. Our findings suggest some inhibitory synapses may lack gephyrin. Gephyrin-lacking synapses may play an important role in dynamically regulating cell activity under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dika A. Kuljis
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Kristina D. Micheva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (K.D.M.); (D.V.M.)
| | - Ajit Ray
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Waja Wegner
- Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (W.W.); (K.I.W.)
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ryan Bowman
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Daniel V. Madison
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (K.D.M.); (D.V.M.)
| | - Katrin I. Willig
- Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (W.W.); (K.I.W.)
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alison L. Barth
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-268-1198
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15
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Development, Diversity, and Death of MGE-Derived Cortical Interneurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179297. [PMID: 34502208 PMCID: PMC8430628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, cortical interneurons (INs) are a highly diverse group of cells. A key neurophysiological question concerns how each class of INs contributes to cortical circuit function and whether specific roles can be attributed to a selective cell type. To address this question, researchers are integrating knowledge derived from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, developmental, and functional experiments to extensively characterise the different classes of INs. Our hope is that such knowledge permits the selective targeting of cell types for therapeutic endeavours. This review will focus on two of the main types of INs, namely the parvalbumin (PV+) or somatostatin (SOM+)-containing cells, and summarise the research to date on these classes.
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16
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Inhibitory regulation of calcium transients in prefrontal dendritic spines is compromised by a nonsense Shank3 mutation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1945-1966. [PMID: 32161363 PMCID: PMC7483244 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The SHANK3 gene encodes a postsynaptic scaffold protein in excitatory synapses, and its disruption is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as Phelan-McDermid syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Most studies of SHANK3 in the neocortex and hippocampus have focused on disturbances in pyramidal neurons. However, GABAergic interneurons likewise receive excitatory inputs and presumably would also be a target of constitutive SHANK3 perturbations. In this study, we characterize the prefrontal cortical microcircuit in awake mice using subcellular-resolution two-photon microscopy. We focused on a nonsense R1117X mutation, which leads to truncated SHANK3 and has been linked previously to cortical dysfunction. We find that R1117X mutants have abnormally elevated calcium transients in apical dendritic spines. The synaptic calcium dysregulation is due to a loss of dendritic inhibition via decreased NMDAR currents and reduced firing of dendrite-targeting somatostatin-expressing (SST) GABAergic interneurons. Notably, upregulation of the NMDAR subunit GluN2B in SST interneurons corrects the excessive synaptic calcium signals and ameliorates learning deficits in R1117X mutants. These findings reveal dendrite-targeting interneurons, and more broadly the inhibitory control of dendritic spines, as a key microcircuit mechanism compromised by the SHANK3 dysfunction.
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17
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Sex-Specific Disruption of Distinct mPFC Inhibitory Neurons in Spared-Nerve Injury Model of Neuropathic Pain. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107729. [PMID: 32521254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) modulates a range of behaviors, including responses to noxious stimuli. While various pain modalities alter mPFC function, our understanding of changes to specific cell types underlying pain-induced mPFC dysfunction remains incomplete. Proper activity of cortical GABAergic interneurons is essential for normal circuit function. We find that nerve injury increases excitability of layer 5 parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the prelimbic (PL) region of the mPFC from male, but not female, mice. Conversely, nerve injury dampens excitability in somatostatin-expressing neurons in layer 2/3 of the PL region; however, effects are differential between males and females. Nerve injury slightly increases the frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) in layer 5 parvalbumin-expressing neurons in males but reduces frequency of sEPSCs in layer 2/3 somatostatin-expressing neurons in females. Our findings provide key insight into how nerve injury drives maladaptive and sex-specific alterations to GABAergic circuits in cortical regions implicated in chronic pain.
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18
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Zhou H, Xie Z, Brambrink AM, Yang G. Behavioural impairments after exposure of neonatal mice to propofol are accompanied by reductions in neuronal activity in cortical circuitry. Br J Anaesth 2021; 126:1141-1156. [PMID: 33641936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both animal and retrospective human studies have linked extended and repeated general anaesthesia during early development with cognitive and behavioural deficits later in life. However, the neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying this anaesthesia-induced behavioural impairment are poorly understood. METHODS Neonatal mice were administered one or three doses of propofol, a commonly used i.v. general anaesthetic, over Postnatal days 7-11. Control mice received Intralipid® vehicle injections. At 4 months of age, the mice were subjected to a series of behavioural tests, including motor learning. During the process of motor learning, calcium activity of pyramidal neurones and three classes of inhibitory interneurones in the primary motor cortex were examined in vivo using two-photon microscopy. RESULTS Repeated, but not a single, exposure of neonatal mice to propofol i.p. caused motor learning impairment in adulthood, which was accompanied by a reduction of pyramidal neurone number and activity in the motor cortex. The activity of local inhibitory interneurone networks was also altered: somatostatin-expressing and parvalbumin-expressing interneurones were hypoactive, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurones were hyperactive when the mice were performing a motor learning task. Administration of low-dose pentylenetetrazol to attenuate γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor-mediated inhibition or CX546 to potentiate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-subtype glutamate receptor function during emergence from anaesthesia ameliorated neuronal dysfunction in the cortex and prevented long-term behavioural deficits. CONCLUSIONS Repeated exposure of neonatal mice to propofol anaesthesia during early development causes cortical circuit dysfunction and behavioural impairments in later life. Potentiation of neuronal activity during recovery from anaesthesia reduces these adverse effects of early-life anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ansgar M Brambrink
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Li M, Cabrera-Garcia D, Salling MC, Au E, Yang G, Harrison NL. Alcohol reduces the activity of somatostatin interneurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex: A neural basis for its disinhibitory effect? Neuropharmacology 2021; 188:108501. [PMID: 33636191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in executive ("top-down") control of behavior and its function is especially susceptible to the effects of alcohol, leading to behavioral disinhibition that is associated with alterations in decision making, response inhibition, social anxiety and working memory. The circuitry of the PFC involves a complex interplay between pyramidal neurons (PNs) and several subclasses of inhibitory interneurons (INs), including somatostatin (SST)-expressing INs. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we showed that alcohol dose-dependently altered network activity in layers 2/3 of the prelimbic subregion of the mouse PFC. Low doses of alcohol (1 g/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) caused moderate activation of SST INs and weak inhibition of PNs. At moderate to high doses, alcohol (2-3 g/kg) strongly inhibited the activity of SST INs in vivo, and this effect may result in disinhibition, as the activity of a subpopulation of PNs was simultaneously enhanced. In contrast, recordings in brain slices using ex vivo electrophysiology revealed no direct effect of alcohol on the excitability of either SST INs or PNs over a range of concentrations (20 and 50 mM) consistent with the blood alcohol levels reached in the in vivo experiments. This dose-dependent effect of alcohol on SST INs in vivo may reveal a neural basis for the disinhibitory effect of alcohol in the PFC mediated by other neurons within or external to the PFC circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David Cabrera-Garcia
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael C Salling
- Louisiana State University, Department of Anatomy, New Orleans, LA, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Edmund Au
- Columbia University, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Rehabilitative Medicine and Regeneration, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative Scholar, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Neil L Harrison
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Columbia University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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20
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Anastasiades PG, Collins DP, Carter AG. Mediodorsal and Ventromedial Thalamus Engage Distinct L1 Circuits in the Prefrontal Cortex. Neuron 2021; 109:314-330.e4. [PMID: 33188733 PMCID: PMC7855187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the thalamus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) play a critical role in cognitive function and arousal. Here, we use anatomical tracing, electrophysiology, optogenetics, and 2-photon Ca2+ imaging to determine how ventromedial (VM) and mediodorsal (MD) thalamus target specific cell types and subcellular compartments in layer 1 (L1) of mouse PFC. We find thalamic inputs make distinct connections in L1, where VM engages neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF+) cells in L1a and MD drives vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP+) cells in L1b. These separate populations of L1 interneurons participate in different inhibitory networks in superficial layers by targeting either parvalbumin (PV+) or somatostatin (SOM+) interneurons. NDNF+ cells also inhibit the apical dendrites of L5 pyramidal tract (PT) cells to suppress action potential (AP)-evoked Ca2+ signals. Lastly, NDNF+ cells mediate a unique form of thalamus-evoked inhibition at PT cells, selectively blocking VM-evoked dendritic Ca2+ spikes. Together, our findings reveal how two thalamic nuclei differentially communicate with the PFC through distinct L1 micro-circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Anastasiades
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - David P Collins
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Adam G Carter
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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21
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Savalia NK, Shao LX, Kwan AC. A Dendrite-Focused Framework for Understanding the Actions of Ketamine and Psychedelics. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:260-275. [PMID: 33358035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Pilot studies have hinted that serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin may relieve depression, and could possibly do so by promoting neural plasticity. Intriguingly, another psychotomimetic compound, ketamine, is a fast-acting antidepressant and induces synapse formation. The similarities in behavioral and neural effects have been puzzling because the compounds target distinct molecular receptors in the brain. In this opinion article, we develop a conceptual framework that suggests the actions of ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics may converge at the dendrites, to both enhance and suppress membrane excitability. We speculate that mismatches in the opposing actions on dendritic excitability may relate to these compounds' cell-type and region selectivity, their moderate range of effects and toxicity, and their plasticity-promoting capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Savalia
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ling-Xiao Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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22
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Liu X, Dimidschstein J, Fishell G, Carter AG. Hippocampal inputs engage CCK+ interneurons to mediate endocannabinoid-modulated feed-forward inhibition in the prefrontal cortex. eLife 2020; 9:e55267. [PMID: 33034285 PMCID: PMC7609047 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Connections from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulate cognition, emotion, and memory. These functions are also tightly controlled by inhibitory networks in the PFC, whose disruption is thought to contribute to mental health disorders. However, relatively little is known about how the vHPC engages different populations of interneurons in the PFC. Here we use slice physiology and optogenetics to study vHPC-evoked feed-forward inhibition in the mouse PFC. We first show that cholecystokinin (CCK+), parvalbumin (PV+), and somatostatin (SOM+) expressing interneurons are prominent in layer 5 (L5) of infralimbic PFC. We then show that vHPC inputs primarily activate CCK+ and PV+ interneurons, with weaker connections onto SOM+ interneurons. CCK+ interneurons make stronger synapses onto pyramidal tract (PT) cells over nearby intratelencephalic (IT) cells. However, CCK+ inputs undergo depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and CB1 receptor modulation only at IT cells. Moreover, vHPC-evoked feed-forward inhibition undergoes DSI only at IT cells, confirming a central role for CCK+ interneurons. Together, our findings show how vHPC directly engages multiple populations of inhibitory cells in deep layers of the infralimbic PFC, highlighting unexpected roles for both CCK+ interneurons and endocannabinoid modulation in hippocampal-prefrontal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Jordane Dimidschstein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Boston, United States
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Boston, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Adam G Carter
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
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23
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Anastasiades PG, Boada C, Carter AG. Cell-Type-Specific D1 Dopamine Receptor Modulation of Projection Neurons and Interneurons in the Prefrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3224-3242. [PMID: 30566584 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine modulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates diverse effects on neuronal physiology and function, but the expression of dopamine receptors at subpopulations of projection neurons and interneurons remains unresolved. Here, we examine D1 receptor expression and modulation at specific cell types and layers in the mouse prelimbic PFC. We first show that D1 receptors are enriched in pyramidal cells in both layers 5 and 6, and that these cells project to intratelencephalic targets including contralateral cortex, striatum, and claustrum rather than to extratelencephalic structures. We then find that D1 receptors are also present in interneurons and enriched in superficial layer VIP-positive (VIP+) interneurons that coexpresses calretinin but absent from parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and somatostatin-positive (SOM+) interneurons. Finally, we determine that D1 receptors strongly and selectively enhance action potential firing in only a subset of these corticocortical neurons and VIP+ interneurons. Our findings define several novel subpopulations of D1+ neurons, highlighting how modulation via D1 receptors can influence both excitatory and disinhibitory microcircuits in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Anastasiades
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Boada
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam G Carter
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Cozzolino M, Bazzurro V, Gatta E, Bianchini P, Angeli E, Robello M, Diaspro A. Precise 3D modulation of electro-optical parameters during neurotransmitter uncaging experiments with neurons in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13380. [PMID: 32770032 PMCID: PMC7414112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium–bipyridinetriphenylphosphine–GABA (RuBi–GABA) is a caged compound that allows studying the neuronal transmission in a specific region of a neuron. The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is bound to a caged group that blocks the interaction of the neurotransmitter with its receptor site. Following linear—one-photon (1P)—and non-linear—multi-photon—absorption of light, the covalent bond of the caged molecule is broken, and GABA is released. Such a controlled release in time and space allows investigating the interaction with its receptor in four dimensions (X,Y,Z,t). Taking advantage of this strategy, we succeeded in addressing the modulation of GABAA in rat cerebellar neurons by coupling the photoactivation process, by confocal or two-photon excitation microscopy, with the electrophysiological technique of the patch-clamp in the whole-cell configuration. Key parameters have been comprehensively investigated and correlated in a temporally and spatially confined way, namely: photoactivation laser power, time of exposure, and distance of the uncaging point from the cell of interest along the X, Y, Z spatial coordinates. The goal of studying specific biological events as a function of controlled physical parameters has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cozzolino
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16143, Genoa, Italy.,Nanoscopy, CHT Erzelli, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Virginia Bazzurro
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16143, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Gatta
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16143, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy, CHT Erzelli, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Angeli
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16143, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Robello
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16143, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16143, Genoa, Italy. .,Nanoscopy, CHT Erzelli, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Oikari LE, Yu C, Okolicsanyi RK, Avgan N, Peall IW, Griffiths LR, Haupt LM. HSPGs glypican‐1 and glypican‐4 are human neuronal proteins characteristic of different neural phenotypes. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1619-1645. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E. Oikari
- Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - Chieh Yu
- Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - Rachel K. Okolicsanyi
- Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - Nesli Avgan
- Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - Ian W. Peall
- Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - Larisa M. Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
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26
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Pradier B, McCormick SJ, Tsuda AC, Chen RW, Atkinson AL, Westrick MR, Buckholtz CL, Kauer JA. Properties of neurons in the superficial laminae of trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14112. [PMID: 31215180 PMCID: PMC6581829 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNc) receives extensive afferent innervation from peripheral sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and is the first central relay in the circuitry underpinning orofacial pain. Despite the initial characterization of the neurons in the superficial laminae, many questions remain. Here we report on electrophysiological properties of 535 superficial lamina I/II TNc neurons. Based on their firing pattern, we assigned these cells to five main groups, including (1) tonic, (2) phasic, (3) delayed, (4) H‐current, and (5) tonic‐phasic neurons, groups that exhibit distinct intrinsic properties and share some similarity with groups identified in the spinal dorsal horn. Driving predominantly nociceptive TG primary afferents using optogenetic stimulation in TRPV1/ChR2 animals, we found that tonic and H‐current cells are most likely to receive pure monosynaptic input, whereas delayed neurons are more likely to exhibit inputs that appear polysynaptic. Finally, for the first time in TNc neurons, we used unsupervised clustering analysis methods and found that the kinetics of the action potentials and other intrinsic properties of these groups differ significantly from one another. Unsupervised spectral clustering based solely on a single voltage response to rheobase current was sufficient to group cells with shared properties independent of action potential discharge pattern, indicating that this approach can be effectively applied to identify functional neuronal subclasses. Together, our data illustrate that cells in the TNc with distinct patterns of TRPV1/ChR2 afferent innervation are physiologically diverse, but can be understood as a few major groups of cells having shared functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pradier
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Samuel J McCormick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ayumi C Tsuda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rudy W Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Abigail L Atkinson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mollie R Westrick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Caroline L Buckholtz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julie A Kauer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology & Biotechnology, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
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27
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Jain V, Murphy-Baum BL, deRosenroll G, Sethuramanujam S, Delsey M, Delaney KR, Awatramani GB. The functional organization of excitation and inhibition in the dendrites of mouse direction-selective ganglion cells. eLife 2020; 9:52949. [PMID: 32096758 PMCID: PMC7069718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the precise timing and location of excitation and inhibition (E/I) within active dendritic trees can significantly impact neuronal function. How synaptic inputs are functionally organized at the subcellular level in intact circuits remains unclear. To address this issue, we took advantage of the retinal direction-selective ganglion cell circuit, where directionally tuned inhibition is known to shape non-directional excitatory signals. We combined two-photon calcium imaging with genetic, pharmacological, and single-cell ablation methods to examine the extent to which inhibition ‘vetoes’ excitation at the level of individual dendrites of direction-selective ganglion cells. We demonstrate that inhibition shapes direction selectivity independently within small dendritic segments (<10µm) with remarkable accuracy. The data suggest that the parallel processing schemes proposed for direction encoding could be more fine-grained than previously envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Jain
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Mike Delsey
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kerry R Delaney
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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28
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Ketamine disinhibits dendrites and enhances calcium signals in prefrontal dendritic spines. Nat Commun 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 31911591 PMCID: PMC6946708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A subanesthetic dose of ketamine causes acute psychotomimetic symptoms and sustained antidepressant effects. In prefrontal cortex, the prevailing disinhibition hypothesis posits that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine act preferentially on GABAergic neurons. However, cortical interneurons are heterogeneous. In particular, somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons selectively inhibit dendrites and regulate synaptic inputs, yet their response to systemic NMDAR antagonism is unknown. Here, we report that ketamine acutely suppresses the activity of SST interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of the awake mouse. The deficient dendritic inhibition leads to greater synaptically evoked calcium transients in the apical dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons. By manipulating NMDAR signaling via GluN2B knockdown, we show that ketamine’s actions on the dendritic inhibitory mechanism has ramifications for frontal cortex-dependent behaviors and cortico-cortical connectivity. Collectively, these results demonstrate dendritic disinhibition and elevated calcium levels in dendritic spines as important local-circuit alterations driven by the administration of subanesthetic ketamine. The authors show that a subanesthetic dose of ketamine markedly elevate calcium signals in apical dendritic spines in the mouse prefrontal cortex. This effect is driven by a local-circuit mechanism that involves the suppression of somatostatin interneurons leading to dendritic disinhibition.
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29
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Somatostatin interneurons in the prefrontal cortex control affective state discrimination in mice. Nat Neurosci 2019; 23:47-60. [PMID: 31844317 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in processing of the affective state of others through non-verbal communication. This social cognitive function is thought to rely on an intact cortical neuronal excitatory and inhibitory balance. Here combining in vivo electrophysiology with a behavioral task for affective state discrimination in mice, we show a differential activation of medial PFC (mPFC) neurons during social exploration that depends on the affective state of the conspecific. Optogenetic manipulations revealed a double dissociation between the role of interneurons in social cognition. Specifically, inhibition of mPFC somatostatin (SOM+), but not of parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons, abolishes affective state discrimination. Accordingly, synchronized activation of mPFC SOM+ interneurons selectively induces social discrimination. As visualized by in vivo single-cell microendoscopic Ca2+ imaging, an increased synchronous activity of mPFC SOM+ interneurons, guiding inhibition of pyramidal neurons, is associated with affective state discrimination. Our findings provide new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of affective state discrimination.
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30
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Elgueta C, Bartos M. Dendritic inhibition differentially regulates excitability of dentate gyrus parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and granule cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5561. [PMID: 31804491 PMCID: PMC6895125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs) and granule cells (GCs) of the dentate gyrus receive layer-specific dendritic inhibition. Its impact on PVI and GC excitability is, however, unknown. By applying whole-cell recordings, GABA uncaging and single-cell-modeling, we show that proximal dendritic inhibition in PVIs is less efficient in lowering perforant path-mediated subthreshold depolarization than distal inhibition but both are highly efficient in silencing PVIs. These inhibitory effects can be explained by proximal shunting and distal strong hyperpolarizing inhibition. In contrast, GC proximal but not distal inhibition is the primary regulator of their excitability and recruitment. In GCs inhibition is hyperpolarizing along the entire somato-dendritic axis with similar strength. Thus, dendritic inhibition differentially controls input-output transformations in PVIs and GCs. Dendritic inhibition in PVIs is suited to balance PVI discharges in dependence on global network activity thereby providing strong and tuned perisomatic inhibition that contributes to the sparse representation of information in GC assemblies. Fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs) and granule cells of the dentate gyrus receive layer-specific dendritic inhibition. The authors show that distal and proximal dendritic inhibition differentially control input-output transformations in PVIs and granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Elgueta
- Institute for Physiology I, Cellular and Systemic Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, Cellular and Systemic Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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31
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Sabec MH, Wonnacott S, Warburton EC, Bashir ZI. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Control Encoding and Retrieval of Associative Recognition Memory through Plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3409-3415. [PMID: 29590611 PMCID: PMC5896173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in the medial prefrontal cortex have critical roles in cognitive function. However, whether nAChRs are required for associative recognition memory and the mechanisms by which nAChRs may contribute to mnemonic processing are not known. We demonstrate that nAChRs in the prefrontal cortex exhibit subtype-specific roles in associative memory encoding and retrieval. We present evidence that these separate roles of nAChRs may rely on bidirectional modulation of plasticity at synaptic inputs to the prefrontal cortex that are essential for associative recognition memory. Prefrontal α7 nAChRs are critical for encoding of associative recognition memory Prefrontal α4β2 nAChRs are required for retrieval of associative recognition memory α7 and α4β2 nAChRs gate bidirectional plasticity at hippocampal-prefrontal synapses Bidirectional plasticity underlies the role of nAChR in associative recognition
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie H Sabec
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Susan Wonnacott
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E Clea Warburton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Zafar I Bashir
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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32
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Kerlin A, Mohar B, Flickinger D, MacLennan BJ, Dean MB, Davis C, Spruston N, Svoboda K. Functional clustering of dendritic activity during decision-making. eLife 2019; 8:46966. [PMID: 31663507 PMCID: PMC6821494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The active properties of dendrites can support local nonlinear operations, but previous imaging and electrophysiological measurements have produced conflicting views regarding the prevalence and selectivity of local nonlinearities in vivo. We imaged calcium signals in pyramidal cell dendrites in the motor cortex of mice performing a tactile decision task. A custom microscope allowed us to image the soma and up to 300 μm of contiguous dendrite at 15 Hz, while resolving individual spines. New analysis methods were used to estimate the frequency and spatial scales of activity in dendritic branches and spines. The majority of dendritic calcium transients were coincident with global events. However, task-associated calcium signals in dendrites and spines were compartmentalized by dendritic branching and clustered within branches over approximately 10 μm. Diverse behavior-related signals were intermingled and distributed throughout the dendritic arbor, potentially supporting a large learning capacity in individual neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kerlin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Boaz Mohar
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Daniel Flickinger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Bryan J MacLennan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Matthew B Dean
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Courtney Davis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Nelson Spruston
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
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33
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Cell-Type Specificity of Callosally Evoked Excitation and Feedforward Inhibition in the Prefrontal Cortex. Cell Rep 2019; 22:679-692. [PMID: 29346766 PMCID: PMC5828174 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitation and inhibition are highly specific in the cortex, with distinct synaptic connections made onto subtypes of projection neurons. The functional consequences of this selective connectivity depend on both synaptic strength and the intrinsic properties of targeted neurons but remain poorly understood. Here, we examine responses to callosal inputs at cortico-cortical (CC) and cortico-thalamic (CT) neurons in layer 5 of mouse prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC). We find callosally evoked excitation and feedforward inhibition are much stronger at CT neurons compared to neighboring CC neurons. Elevated inhibition at CT neurons reflects biased synaptic inputs from parvalbumin and somatostatin positive interneurons. The intrinsic properties of postsynaptic targets equalize excitatory and inhibitory response amplitudes but selectively accelerate decays at CT neurons. Feedforward inhibition further reduces response amplitude and balances action potential firing across these projection neurons. Our findings highlight the synaptic and cellular mechanisms regulating callosal recruitment of layer 5 microcircuits in PFC.
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34
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Riedemann T. Diversity and Function of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Cerebral Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2952. [PMID: 31212931 PMCID: PMC6627222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons make up around 10-20% of the total neuron population in the cerebral cortex. A hallmark of inhibitory interneurons is their remarkable diversity in terms of morphology, synaptic connectivity, electrophysiological and neurochemical properties. It is generally understood that there are three distinct and non-overlapping interneuron classes in the mouse neocortex, namely, parvalbumin-expressing, 5-HT3A receptor-expressing and somatostatin-expressing interneuron classes. Each class is, in turn, composed of a multitude of subclasses, resulting in a growing number of interneuron classes and subclasses. In this review, I will focus on the diversity of somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM+ INs) in the cerebral cortex and elucidate their function in cortical circuits. I will then discuss pathological consequences of a malfunctioning of SOM+ INs in neurological disorders such as major depressive disorder, and present future avenues in SOM research and brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Riedemann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Biomedical Center, Physiological Genomics, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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35
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Dorman DB, Jędrzejewska-Szmek J, Blackwell KT. Inhibition enhances spatially-specific calcium encoding of synaptic input patterns in a biologically constrained model. eLife 2018; 7:e38588. [PMID: 30355449 PMCID: PMC6235562 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity, which underlies learning and memory, depends on calcium elevation in neurons, but the precise relationship between calcium and spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic inputs is unclear. Here, we develop a biologically realistic computational model of striatal spiny projection neurons with sophisticated calcium dynamics, based on data from rodents of both sexes, to investigate how spatiotemporally clustered and distributed excitatory and inhibitory inputs affect spine calcium. We demonstrate that coordinated excitatory synaptic inputs evoke enhanced calcium elevation specific to stimulated spines, with lower but physiologically relevant calcium elevation in nearby non-stimulated spines. Results further show a novel and important function of inhibition-to enhance the difference in calcium between stimulated and non-stimulated spines. These findings suggest that spine calcium dynamics encode synaptic input patterns and may serve as a signal for both stimulus-specific potentiation and heterosynaptic depression, maintaining balanced activity in a dendritic branch while inducing pattern-specific plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Dorman
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | | | - Kim T Blackwell
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bioengineering DepartmentKrasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
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36
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Liu Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang W, Wang X. A dopamine D1 receptor agonist improved learning and memory in morphine-treated rats. Neurol Res 2018; 40:1080-1087. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1519946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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The remembrance of the things past: Conserved signalling pathways link protozoa to mammalian nervous system. Cell Calcium 2018; 73:25-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chang JT, Higley MJ. Potassium channels contribute to activity-dependent regulation of dendritic inhibition. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13747. [PMID: 29939492 PMCID: PMC6016672 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal activity. In the neocortex, inhibitory interneurons that target the dendrites of pyramidal cells influence both electrical and biochemical postsynaptic signaling. Voltage-gated ion channels strongly shape dendritic excitability and the integration of excitatory inputs, but their contribution to GABAergic signaling is less well understood. By combining 2-photon calcium imaging and focal GABA uncaging, we show that voltage-gated potassium channels normally suppress the GABAergic inhibition of calcium signals evoked by back-propagating action potentials in dendritic spines and shafts of cortical pyramidal neurons. Moreover, the voltage-dependent inactivation of these channels leads to enhancement of dendritic calcium inhibition following somatic spiking. Computational modeling reveals that the enhancement of calcium inhibition involves an increase in action potential depolarization coupled with the nonlinear relationship between membrane voltage and calcium channel activation. Overall, our findings highlight the interaction between intrinsic and synaptic properties and reveal a novel mechanism for the activity-dependent regulation of GABAergic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Chang
- Department of NeuroscienceProgram in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and RepairKavli InstituteYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Michael J. Higley
- Department of NeuroscienceProgram in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and RepairKavli InstituteYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
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Specialized Subpopulations of Deep-Layer Pyramidal Neurons in the Neocortex: Bridging Cellular Properties to Functional Consequences. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5441-5455. [PMID: 29798890 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0150-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical pyramidal neurons with somata in layers 5 and 6 are among the most visually striking and enigmatic neurons in the brain. These deep-layer pyramidal neurons (DLPNs) integrate a plethora of cortical and extracortical synaptic inputs along their impressive dendritic arbors. The pattern of cortical output to both local and long-distance targets is sculpted by the unique physiological properties of specific DLPN subpopulations. Here we revisit two broad DLPN subpopulations: those that send their axons within the telencephalon (intratelencephalic neurons) and those that project to additional target areas outside the telencephalon (extratelencephalic neurons). While neuroscientists across many subdisciplines have characterized the intrinsic and synaptic physiological properties of DLPN subpopulations, our increasing ability to selectively target and manipulate these output neuron subtypes advances our understanding of their distinct functional contributions. This Viewpoints article summarizes our current knowledge about DLPNs and highlights recent work elucidating the functional differences between DLPN subpopulations.
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Li XH, Song Q, Chen T, Zhuo M. Characterization of postsynaptic calcium signals in the pyramidal neurons of anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917719847. [PMID: 28726541 PMCID: PMC5524231 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917719847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors play a key role in synaptic potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Most previous studies of calcium signaling focus on hippocampal neurons, little is known about the activity-induced calcium signals in the anterior cingulate cortex. In the present study, we show that NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic calcium signals induced by different synaptic stimulation in anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal neurons. Single and multi-action potentials evoked significant suprathreshold Ca2+ increases in somas and spines. Both NMDA receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels contributed to this increase. Postsynaptic Ca2+signals were induced by puff-application of glutamate, and a NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 blocked these signals in both somas and spines. Finally, long-term potentiation inducing protocols triggered postsynaptic Ca2+ influx, and these influx were NMDA receptor dependent. Our results provide the first study of calcium signals in the anterior cingulate cortex and demonstrate that NMDA receptors play important roles in postsynaptic calcium signals in anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hui Li
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Song
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Chen
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,2 Department of Anatomy, K.K. Leung Brain Research Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Collins DP, Anastasiades PG, Marlin JJ, Carter AG. Reciprocal Circuits Linking the Prefrontal Cortex with Dorsal and Ventral Thalamic Nuclei. Neuron 2018; 98:366-379.e4. [PMID: 29628187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and thalamus play a critical role in cognition, but the underlying circuits remain poorly understood. Here we use optogenetics to dissect the specificity and dynamics of cortico-thalamo-cortical networks in the mouse brain. We find that cortico-thalamic (CT) neurons in prelimbic PFC project to both mediodorsal (MD) and ventromedial (VM) thalamus, where layer 5 and 6 inputs activate thalamo-cortical (TC) neurons with distinct temporal profiles. We show that TC neurons in MD and VM in turn make distinct connections in PFC, with MD preferentially and strongly activating layer 2/3 cortico-cortical (CC) neurons. Finally, we assess local connections from superficial CC to deep CT neurons, which link thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic networks within the PFC. Together our findings indicate that PFC strongly drives neurons in the thalamus, whereas MD and VM indirectly influence reciprocally connected neurons in the PFC, providing a mechanistic understanding of these circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Collins
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Paul G Anastasiades
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Joseph J Marlin
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Adam G Carter
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Takesian AE, Bogart LJ, Lichtman JW, Hensch TK. Inhibitory circuit gating of auditory critical-period plasticity. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:218-227. [PMID: 29358666 PMCID: PMC5978727 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cortical sensory maps are remodeled during early life to adapt to the surrounding environment. Both sensory and contextual signals are important for induction of this plasticity, but how these signals converge to sculpt developing thalamocortical circuits remains largely unknown. Here we show that layer 1 (L1) of primary auditory cortex (A1) is a key hub where neuromodulatory and topographically organized thalamic inputs meet to tune the cortical layers below. Inhibitory interneurons in L1 send narrowly descending projections to differentially modulate thalamic drive to pyramidal and parvalbumin-expressing (PV) cells in L4, creating brief windows of intracolumnar activation. Silencing of L1 (but not VIP-expressing) cells abolishes map plasticity during the tonotopic critical period. Developmental transitions in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) sensitivity in these cells caused by Lynx1 protein can be overridden to extend critical-period closure. Notably, thalamocortical maps in L1 are themselves stable, and serve as a scaffold for cortical plasticity throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Takesian
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luke J Bogart
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Anastasiades PG, Marques‐Smith A, Butt SJB. Studies of cortical connectivity using optical circuit mapping methods. J Physiol 2018; 596:145-162. [PMID: 29110301 PMCID: PMC5767689 DOI: 10.1113/jp273463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An important consideration when probing the function of any neuron is to uncover the source of synaptic input onto the cell, its intrinsic physiology and efferent targets. Over the years, electrophysiological approaches have generated considerable insight into these properties in a variety of cortical neuronal subtypes and circuits. However, as researchers explore neuronal function in greater detail, they are increasingly turning to optical techniques to bridge the gap between local network interactions and behaviour. The application of optical methods has increased dramatically over the past decade, spurred on by the optogenetic revolution. In this review, we provide an account of recent innovations, providing researchers with a primer detailing circuit mapping strategies in the cerebral cortex. We will focus on technical aspects of performing neurotransmitter uncaging and channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping, with the aim of identifying common pitfalls that can negatively influence the collection of reliable data.
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Detailed Dendritic Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance through Heterosynaptic Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity. J Neurosci 2017; 37:12106-12122. [PMID: 29089443 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0027-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs is a key feature of cortical dynamics. Such a balance is arguably preserved in dendritic branches, yet its underlying mechanism and functional roles remain unknown. In this study, we developed computational models of heterosynaptic spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) to show that the excitatory/inhibitory balance in dendritic branches is robustly achieved through heterosynaptic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The model reproduces key features of experimental heterosynaptic STDP well, and provides analytical insights. Furthermore, heterosynaptic STDP explains how the maturation of inhibitory neurons modulates the selectivity of excitatory neurons for binocular matching in the critical period plasticity. The model also provides an alternative explanation for the potential mechanism underlying the somatic detailed balance that is commonly associated with inhibitory STDP. Our results propose heterosynaptic STDP as a critical factor in synaptic organization and the resultant dendritic computation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent experimental studies reveal that relative differences in spike timings experienced among neighboring glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses on a dendritic branch significantly influences changes in the efficiency of these synapses. This heterosynaptic form of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is potentially important for shaping the synaptic organization and computation of neurons, but its functional role remains elusive. Through computational modeling at the parameter regime where previous experimental results are well reproduced, we show that heterosynaptic plasticity serves to finely balance excitatory and inhibitory inputs on the dendrite. Our results suggest a principle of GABA-driven neural circuit formation.
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Abstract
Cortical networks are composed of glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons and local GABAergic inhibitory interneurons that gate signal flow and sculpt network dynamics. Although they represent a minority of the total neocortical neuronal population, GABAergic interneurons are highly heterogeneous, forming functional classes based on their morphological, electrophysiological, and molecular features, as well as connectivity and in vivo patterns of activity. Here we review our current understanding of neocortical interneuron diversity and the properties that distinguish cell types. We then discuss how the involvement of multiple cell types, each with a specific set of cellular properties, plays a crucial role in diversifying and increasing the computational power of a relatively small number of simple circuit motifs forming cortical networks. We illustrate how recent advances in the field have shed light onto the mechanisms by which GABAergic inhibition contributes to network operations.
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Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9391-406. [PMID: 27605614 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0874-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interactions between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) regulate emotional behaviors. However, a circuit-level understanding of functional connections between these brain regions remains incomplete. The BLA sends prominent glutamatergic projections to the PFC, but the overall influence of these inputs is predominantly inhibitory. Here we combine targeted recordings and optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons. Inhibitory connections from these two populations of interneurons are also much stronger onto corticoamygdala neurons. Consequently, BLA inputs are able to drive robust feedforward inhibition via two parallel interneuron pathways. Moreover, the contributions of these interneurons shift during repetitive activity, due to differences in short-term synaptic dynamics. Thus, parvalbumin interneurons are activated at the start of stimulus trains, whereas somatostatin interneuron activation builds during these trains. Together, these results reveal how the BLA impacts the PFC through a complex interplay of direct excitation and feedforward inhibition. They also highlight the roles of targeted connections onto multiple projection neurons and interneurons in this cortical circuit. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding for how the BLA can influence the PFC circuit, with important implications for how this circuit participates in the regulation of emotion. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) interact to control emotional behaviors. Here we show that BLA inputs elicit direct excitation and feedforward inhibition of layer 2 projection neurons in infralimbic PFC. BLA inputs are much stronger at corticoamygdala neurons compared with nearby corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs are even more powerful at parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons. BLA inputs thus activate two parallel inhibitory networks, whose contributions change during repetitive activity. Finally, connections from these interneurons are also more powerful at corticoamygdala neurons compared with corticostriatal neurons. Together, our results demonstrate how the BLA predominantly inhibits the PFC via a complex sequence involving multiple cell-type and input-specific connections.
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Activation of cortical somatostatin interneurons prevents the development of neuropathic pain. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1122-1132. [PMID: 28671692 PMCID: PMC5559271 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain involves long-lasting modifications of pain pathways that result in abnormal cortical activity. How cortical circuits are altered and contribute to the intense sensation associated with allodynia is unclear. Here we report a persistent elevation of layer V pyramidal neuron activity in the somatosensory cortex of a mouse model of neuropathic pain. This enhanced pyramidal neuron activity was caused in part by increases of synaptic activity and NMDA-receptor-dependent calcium spikes in apical tuft dendrites. Furthermore, local inhibitory interneuron networks shifted their activity in favor of pyramidal neuron hyperactivity: somatostatin-expressing and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons reduced their activity, whereas vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–expressing interneurons increased their activity. Pharmacogenetic activation of somatostatin-expressing cells reduced pyramidal neuron hyperactivity and reversed mechanical allodynia. These findings reveal cortical circuit changes that arise during the development of neuropathic pain and identify the activation of specific cortical interneurons as therapeutic targets for chronic pain treatment.
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48
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Liu L, Ito W, Morozov A. GABAb Receptor Mediates Opposing Adaptations of GABA Release From Two Types of Prefrontal Interneurons After Observational Fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1272-1283. [PMID: 27924875 PMCID: PMC5437887 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The observational fear (OF) paradigm in rodents, in which the subject is exposed to a distressed conspecific, elicits contextual fear learning and enhances future passive avoidance learning, which may model certain behavioral traits resulting from traumatic experiences in humans. As these behaviors affected by the OF require dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), we searched for synaptic adaptations in dmPFC resulting from OF in mice by recording synaptic responses in dmPFC layer V pyramidal neurons elicited by repeated 5 Hz electrical stimulation of dmPFC layer I or by optogenetic stimulation of specific interneurons ex vivo 1 day after OF. OF increased depression of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) along IPSC trains evoked by the 5 Hz electrical stimulation, but, surprisingly, decreased depression of dendritic IPSCs isolated after blocking GABAa receptor on the soma. Subsequent optogenetic analyses revealed increased depression of IPSCs originating from perisomatically projecting parvalbumin interneurons (PV-IPSCs), but decreased depression of IPSCs from dendritically projecting somatostatin cells (SOM-IPSCs). These changes were no longer detectable in the presence of a GABAb receptor antagonist CGP52432. Meanwhile, OF decreased the sensitivity of SOM-IPSCs, but not PV-IPSCs to a GABAb receptor agonist baclofen. Thus, OF causes opposing changes in GABAb receptor mediated suppression of GABA release from PV-positive and SOM-positive interneurons. Such adaptations may alter dmPFC connectivity with brain areas that target its deep vs superficial layers and thereby contribute to the behavioral consequences of the aversive experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Wataru Ito
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Alexei Morozov
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA,School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA,Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA, Tel: 540-526-2021, Fax: 540-985-3373, E-mail:
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49
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Díez-García A, Barros-Zulaica N, Núñez Á, Buño W, Fernández de Sevilla D. Bidirectional Hebbian Plasticity Induced by Low-Frequency Stimulation in Basal Dendrites of Rat Barrel Cortex Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:8. [PMID: 28203145 PMCID: PMC5285403 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Hebb's original hypothesis (Hebb, 1949), synapses are reinforced when presynaptic activity triggers postsynaptic firing, resulting in long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic efficacy. Long-term depression (LTD) is a use-dependent decrease in synaptic strength that is thought to be due to synaptic input causing a weak postsynaptic effect. Although the mechanisms that mediate long-term synaptic plasticity have been investigated for at least three decades not all question have as yet been answered. Therefore, we aimed at determining the mechanisms that generate LTP or LTD with the simplest possible protocol. Low-frequency stimulation of basal dendrite inputs in Layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the rat barrel cortex induces LTP. This stimulation triggered an EPSP, an action potential (AP) burst, and a Ca2+ spike. The same stimulation induced LTD following manipulations that reduced the Ca2+ spike and Ca2+ signal or the AP burst. Low-frequency whisker deflections induced similar bidirectional plasticity of action potential evoked responses in anesthetized rats. These results suggest that both in vitro and in vivo similar mechanisms regulate the balance between LTP and LTD. This simple induction form of bidirectional hebbian plasticity could be present in the natural conditions to regulate the detection, flow, and storage of sensorimotor information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díez-García
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Natali Barros-Zulaica
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Núñez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Washington Buño
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Madrid, Spain
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Madrid, Spain
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Straub C, Saulnier JL, Bègue A, Feng DD, Huang KW, Sabatini BL. Principles of Synaptic Organization of GABAergic Interneurons in the Striatum. Neuron 2016; 92:84-92. [PMID: 27710792 PMCID: PMC5074692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The striatum, the entry nucleus of the basal ganglia, lacks laminar or columnar organization of its principal cells; nevertheless, functional data suggest that it is spatially organized. Here we examine whether the connectivity and synaptic organization of striatal GABAergic interneurons contributes to such spatial organization. Focusing on the two main classes of striatal GABAergic interneurons (fast-spiking interneurons [FSIs] and low-threshold-spiking interneurons [LTSIs]), we apply a combination of optogenetics and viral tracing approaches to dissect striatal microcircuits in mice. Our results reveal fundamental differences between the synaptic organizations of both interneuron types. FSIs target exclusively striatal projection neurons (SPNs) within close proximity and form strong synapses on the proximal somatodendritic region. In contrast, LTSIs target both SPNs and cholinergic interneurons, and synaptic connections onto SPNs are made exclusively over long distances and onto distal dendrites. These results suggest fundamentally different functions of FSIs and LTSIs in shaping striatal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Straub
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Lizette Saulnier
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aurelien Bègue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle D Feng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kee Wui Huang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bernardo Luis Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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