1
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Simons M, Gibson EM, Nave KA. Oligodendrocytes: Myelination, Plasticity, and Axonal Support. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041359. [PMID: 38621824 PMCID: PMC11444305 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The myelination of axons has evolved to enable fast and efficient transduction of electrical signals in the vertebrate nervous system. Acting as an electric insulator, the myelin sheath is a multilamellar membrane structure around axonal segments generated by the spiral wrapping and subsequent compaction of oligodendroglial plasma membranes. These oligodendrocytes are metabolically active and remain functionally connected to the subjacent axon via cytoplasmic-rich myelinic channels for movement of metabolites and macromolecules to and from the internodal periaxonal space under the myelin sheath. Increasing evidence indicates that oligodendrocyte numbers, specifically in the forebrain, and myelin as a dynamic cellular compartment can both respond to physiological demands, collectively referred to as adaptive myelination. This review summarizes our current understanding of how myelin is generated, how its function is dynamically regulated, and how oligodendrocytes support the long-term integrity of myelinated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford 94305, California, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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2
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Siems SB, Gargareta VI, Schadt LC, Daguano Gastaldi V, Jung RB, Piepkorn L, Casaccia P, Sun T, Jahn O, Werner HB. Developmental maturation and regional heterogeneity but no sexual dimorphism of the murine CNS myelin proteome. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39344832 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The molecules that constitute myelin are critical for the integrity of axon/myelin-units and thus speed and precision of impulse propagation. In the CNS, the protein composition of oligodendrocyte-derived myelin has evolutionarily diverged and differs from that in the PNS. Here, we hypothesized that the CNS myelin proteome also displays variations within the same species. We thus used quantitative mass spectrometry to compare myelin purified from mouse brains at three developmental timepoints, from brains of male and female mice, and from four CNS regions. We find that most structural myelin proteins are of approximately similar abundance across all tested conditions. However, the abundance of multiple other proteins differs markedly over time, implying that the myelin proteome matures between P18 and P75 and then remains relatively constant until at least 6 months of age. Myelin maturation involves a decrease of cytoskeleton-associated proteins involved in sheath growth and wrapping, along with an increase of all subunits of the septin filament that stabilizes mature myelin, and of multiple other proteins which potentially exert protective functions. Among the latter, quinoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) emerges as a highly specific marker for mature oligodendrocytes and myelin. Conversely, female and male mice display essentially similar myelin proteomes. Across the four CNS regions analyzed, we note that spinal cord myelin exhibits a comparatively high abundance of HCN2-channels, required for particularly long sheaths. These findings show that CNS myelination involves developmental maturation of myelin protein composition, and regional differences, but absence of evidence for sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki-Ilya Gargareta
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leonie C Schadt
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty for Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Bizoń A, Kołtuniuk A, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Budrewicz S, Piwowar A, Pokryszko-Dragan A. Are Sirtuins 1 and 2 Relevant Players in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis? Biomedicines 2024; 12:2027. [PMID: 39335541 PMCID: PMC11428838 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
SIRTs were demonstrated to play an important role in inflammatory, degenerative, and metabolic alterations, constituting the background of the central nervous system. Thus, they seem to be an appropriate object of investigation (as potential biomarkers of disease activity and/or novel therapeutic targets) in multiple sclerosis (MS), which has a complex etiology that comprises a cross-talk between all these processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of SIRT1 and SIRT2 in the serum of patients with the relapsing-remitting type of MS (RRMS), as well as their relationships with various aspects of MS-related disability. METHODS A total of 115 patients with RRMS (78 women, 37 men, mean age 43 ± 9.9) and 39 healthy controls were included in the study. SIRT1 and SIRT2 were detected in the serum using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method. In the RRMS group, relationships were investigated between the SIRT 1 and 2 levels and the demographic data, MS-related clinical variables, and the results of tests evaluating fatigue, sleep problems, cognitive performance, autonomic dysfunction, and depression. RESULTS The levels of SIRT1 and SIRT2 in RRMS patients were significantly lower than in the controls (11.14 vs. 14. 23, p = 0.04; 8.62 vs. 14.2, p < 0.01). In the RRMS group, the level of both SIRTs was higher in men than in women (15.7 vs. 9.0; 11.3 vs. 7.3, p = 0.002) and showed a significant correlation with the degree of disability (R = -0.25, p = 0.018). No other relationships were found between SIRT levels and the analyzed data. CONCLUSIONS The serum levels of SIRT1 and 2 were decreased in the RRMS patients (especially in the female ones) and correlated with the degree of neurological deficit. The role of SIRTs as biomarkers of disease activity or mediators relevant for "invisible disability" in MS warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kołtuniuk
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Waliszewska-Prosół
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Franklin RJM, Bodini B, Goldman SA. Remyelination in the Central Nervous System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041371. [PMID: 38316552 PMCID: PMC10910446 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inability of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) to undergo spontaneous regeneration has long been regarded as a central tenet of neurobiology. However, while this is largely true of the neuronal elements of the adult mammalian CNS, save for discrete populations of granule neurons, the same is not true of its glial elements. In particular, the loss of oligodendrocytes, which results in demyelination, triggers a spontaneous and often highly efficient regenerative response, remyelination, in which new oligodendrocytes are generated and myelin sheaths are restored to denuded axons. Yet remyelination in humans is not without limitation, and a variety of demyelinating conditions are associated with sustained and disabling myelin loss. In this work, we will (1) review the biology of remyelination, including the cells and signals involved; (2) describe when remyelination occurs and when and why it fails, including the consequences of its failure; and (3) discuss approaches for therapeutically enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases of both children and adults, both by stimulating endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and by transplanting these cells into demyelinated brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75013, France
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris 75012, France
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
- University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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5
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Perrier S, Gauquelin L, Bernard G. Inherited white matter disorders: Hypomyelination (myelin disorders). HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 204:197-223. [PMID: 39322379 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99209-1.00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are a subset of genetic white matter diseases characterized by insufficient myelin deposition during development. MRI patterns are used to identify hypomyelinating disorders, and genetic testing is used to determine the causal genes implicated in individual disease forms. Clinical course can range from severe, with patients manifesting neurologic symptoms in infancy or early childhood, to mild, with onset in adolescence or adulthood. This chapter discusses the most common hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, including X-linked Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and other PLP1-related disorders, autosomal recessive Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease, and POLR3-related leukodystrophy. PLP1-related disorders are caused by hemizygous pathogenic variants in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene, and encompass classic Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, the severe connatal form, PLP1-null syndrome, spastic paraplegia type 2, and hypomyelination of early myelinating structures. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease presents a similar clinical picture to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, however, it is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the GJC2 gene, which encodes for the gap junction protein Connexin-47. POLR3-related leukodystrophy, or 4H leukodystrophy (hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism), is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in genes encoding specific subunits of the transcription enzyme RNA polymerase III. In this chapter, the clinical features, disease pathophysiology and genetics, imaging patterns, as well as supportive and future therapies are discussed for each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Perrier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Gauquelin
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, CHUL et Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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6
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Yang J, Nicely NI, Weiser BP. Effects of Dimerization on the Deacylase Activities of Human SIRT2. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3383-3395. [PMID: 37966275 PMCID: PMC10702427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Human sirtuin isoform 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that functions as a lysine deacetylase and defatty-acylase. Here, we report that SIRT2 readily dimerizes in solution and in cells and that dimerization affects its ability to remove different acyl modifications from substrates. Dimerization of recombinant SIRT2 was revealed with analytical size exclusion chromatography and chemical cross-linking. Dimerized SIRT2 dissociates into monomers upon binding long fatty acylated substrates (decanoyl-, dodecanoyl-, and myristoyl-lysine). However, we did not observe dissociation of dimeric SIRT2 in the presence of acetyl-lysine. Analysis of X-ray crystal structures led us to discover a SIRT2 double mutant (Q142A/E340A) that is impaired in its ability to dimerize, which was confirmed with chemical cross-linking and in cells with a split-GFP approach. In enzyme assays, the SIRT2(Q142A/E340A) mutant had normal defatty-acylase activity and impaired deacetylase activity compared with the wild-type protein. These results indicate that dimerization is essential for optimal SIRT2 function as a deacetylase. Moreover, we show that SIRT2 dimers can be dissociated by a deacetylase and defatty-acylase inhibitor, ascorbyl palmitate. Our finding that its oligomeric state can affect the acyl substrate selectivity of SIRT2 is a novel mode of activity regulation by the enzyme that can be altered genetically or pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School
of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, United States
| | - Nathan I. Nicely
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian P. Weiser
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School
of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, United States
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7
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Nave KA, Asadollahi E, Sasmita A. Expanding the function of oligodendrocytes to brain energy metabolism. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102782. [PMID: 37703600 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are best known for wrapping myelin, a unique specialization that enables energy-efficient and fast axonal impulse propagation in white matter tracts and fibers of the cortical circuitry. However, myelinating oligodendrocytes have additional metabolic functions that are only gradually understood, including the regulated release of pyruvate/lactate and extracellular vesicles, both of which are in support of the axonal energy balance. The axon-supportive functions of glial cells are older than myelin in nervous system evolution and implicate oligodendrocyte dysfunction and loss of myelin integrity as a risk factor for progressive neurodegeneration in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen.
| | - Ebrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen. https://twitter.com/EbrahimAsadoll3
| | - Andrew Sasmita
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen. https://twitter.com/AOSasmita
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8
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Krämer-Albers EM, Werner HB. Mechanisms of axonal support by oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41583-023-00711-y. [PMID: 37258632 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as versatile elements of cell communication in the nervous system, mediating tissue homeostasis. EVs influence the physiology of their target cells via horizontal transfer of molecular cargo between cells and by triggering signalling pathways. In this Review, we discuss recent work revealing that EVs mediate interactions between oligodendrocytes and neurons, which are relevant for maintaining the structural integrity of axons. In response to neuronal activity, myelinating oligodendrocytes release EVs, which are internalized by neurons and provide axons with key factors that improve axonal transport, stress resistance and energy homeostasis. Glia-to-neuron transfer of EVs is thus a crucial facet of axonal preservation. When glial support is impaired, axonal integrity is progressively lost, as observed in myelin-related disorders, other neurodegenerative diseases and with normal ageing. We highlight the mechanisms that oligodendroglial EVs use to sustain axonal integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Lu W, Ji H, Wu D. SIRT2 plays complex roles in neuroinflammation neuroimmunology-associated disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174180. [PMID: 37215138 PMCID: PMC10196137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease, commonly cause severe neurologic function deficits, including bradypragia, hemiplegia, aphasia, and cognitive impairment, and the pathological mechanism is not completely clear. SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, was proven to play an important and paradoxical role in regulating ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the comprehensive mechanism of the crucial pathological functions of SIRT2 in apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, and immune response. Elaborating on the mechanism by which SIRT2 participates in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders is beneficial to discover novel effective drugs for diseases, varying from vascular disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
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10
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Graciani AL, Gutierre MU, Coppi AA, Arida RM, Gutierre RC. MYELIN, AGING, AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 127:70-81. [PMID: 37116408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Myelin sheath is a structure in neurons fabricated by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells responsible for increasing the efficiency of neural synapsis, impulse transmission, and providing metabolic support to the axon. They present morpho-functional changes during health aging as deformities of the sheath and its fragmentation, causing an increased load on microglial phagocytosis, with Alzheimer's disease aggravating. Physical exercise has been studied as a possible protective agent for the nervous system, offering benefits to neuroplasticity. In this regard, studies in animal models for Alzheimer's and depression reported the efficiency of physical exercise in protecting against myelin degeneration. A reduction of myelin damage during aging has also been observed in healthy humans. Physical activity promotes oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelin preservation during old age, although some controversies remain. In this review, we will address how effective physical exercise can be as a protective agent of the myelin sheath against the effects of aging in physiological and pathological conditions.
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11
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Jablonska B, Adams KL, Kratimenos P, Li Z, Strickland E, Haydar TF, Kusch K, Nave KA, Gallo V. Sirt2 promotes white matter oligodendrogenesis during development and in models of neonatal hypoxia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4771. [PMID: 35970992 PMCID: PMC9378658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation caused by hypoxia (Hx)-induced neonatal brain injury results in hypomyelination and leads to neurological disabilities. Previously, we characterized Sirt1 as a crucial regulator of OL progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation in response to Hx. We now identify Sirt2 as a critical promoter of OL differentiation during both normal white matter development and in a mouse model of Hx. Importantly, we find that Hx reduces Sirt2 expression in mature OLs and that Sirt2 overexpression in OPCs restores mature OL populations. Reduced numbers of Sirt2+ OLs were also observed in the white matter of preterm human infants. We show that Sirt2 interacts with p27Kip1/FoxO1, p21Cip1/Cdk4, and Cdk5 pathways, and that these interactions are altered by Hx. Furthermore, Hx induces nuclear translocation of Sirt2 in OPCs where it binds several genomic targets. Overall, these results indicate that a balance of Sirt1 and Sirt2 activity is required for developmental oligodendrogenesis, and that these proteins represent potential targets for promoting repair following white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jablonska
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Katrina L Adams
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Neonatology Department, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Emma Strickland
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Tarik F Haydar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Katharina Kusch
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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12
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Holley JM, Stanbouly S, Pecaut MJ, Willey JS, Delp M, Mao XW. Characterization of gene expression profiles in the mouse brain after 35 days of spaceflight mission. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:35. [PMID: 35948598 PMCID: PMC9365836 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that neuroinflammatory response plays an important role in the neurovascular remodeling in the brain after stress. The goal of the present study was to characterize changes in the gene expression profiles associated with neuroinflammation, neuronal function, metabolism and stress in mouse brain tissue. Ten-week old male C57BL/6 mice were launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on SpaceX-12 for a 35-day mission. Within 38 ± 4 h of splashdown, mice were returned to Earth alive. Brain tissues were collected for analysis. A novel digital color-coded barcode counting technology (NanoStringTM) was used to evaluate gene expression profiles in the spaceflight mouse brain. A set of 54 differently expressed genes (p < 0.05) significantly segregates the habitat ground control (GC) group from flight (FLT) group. Many pathways associated with cellular stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolism were significantly altered by flight conditions. A decrease in the expression of genes important for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin sheath maintenance was observed. Moreover, mRNA expression of many genes related to anti-viral signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and bacterial immune response were significantly downregulated. Here we report that significantly altered immune reactions may be closely associated with spaceflight-induced stress responses and have an impact on the neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Holley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Seta Stanbouly
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Michael Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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13
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Yang L, Yu X, Zhang Y, Liu N, Li D, Xue X, Fu J. Proteomic analysis of the effects of caffeine in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic white matter damage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1019-1032. [PMID: 35393758 PMCID: PMC9160447 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim White matter damage (WMD) is the main cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in premature infants. Although caffeine has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects are unclear. Herein, proteins modulated by caffeine in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD were evaluated. Methods We identified differential proteins and performed functional enrichment analyses between the Sham, hypoxic‐ischemic WMD (HI), and HI+caffeine‐treated WMD (Caffeine) groups. Confirmed the changes and effect of proteins in animal models and determined cognitive impairment via water maze experiments. Results In paraventricular tissue, 47 differential proteins were identified between the Sham, HI, and Caffeine groups. Functional enrichment analyses showed that these proteins were related to myelination and axon formation. In particular, the myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein precursor, and sirtiun 2 (SIRT2) levels were reduced in the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD group, and this effect could be prevented by caffeine. Caffeine alleviated the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD‐induced cognitive impairment and improved MBP, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density protein 95 protein levels after hypoxic‐ischemic WMD by preventing the HI‐induced downregulation of SIRT2; these effects were subsequently attenuated by the SIRT2 inhibitor AK‐7. Conclusion Caffeine may have clinical applications in the management of prophylactic hypoxic‐ischemic WMD; its effects may be mediated by proteins related to myelin development and synapse formation through SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Lötsch J, Mustonen L, Harno H, Kalso E. Machine-Learning Analysis of Serum Proteomics in Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury in Breast Cancer Surgery Points at Chemokine Signaling via SIRT2 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3488. [PMID: 35408848 PMCID: PMC8998280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent postsurgical neuropathic pain (PPSNP) can occur after intraoperative damage to somatosensory nerves, with a prevalence of 29-57% in breast cancer surgery. Proteomics is an active research field in neuropathic pain and the first results support its utility for establishing diagnoses or finding therapy strategies. METHODS 57 women (30 non-PPSNP/27 PPSNP) who had experienced a surgeon-verified intercostobrachial nerve injury during breast cancer surgery, were examined for patterns in 74 serum proteomic markers that allowed discrimination between subgroups with or without PPSNP. Serum samples were obtained both before and after surgery. RESULTS Unsupervised data analyses, including principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of artificial neurons, revealed patterns that supported a data structure consistent with pain-related subgroup (non-PPSPN vs. PPSNP) separation. Subsequent supervised machine learning-based analyses revealed 19 proteins (CD244, SIRT2, CCL28, CXCL9, CCL20, CCL3, IL.10RA, MCP.1, TRAIL, CCL25, IL10, uPA, CCL4, DNER, STAMPB, CCL23, CST5, CCL11, FGF.23) that were informative for subgroup separation. In cross-validated training and testing of six different machine-learned algorithms, subgroup assignment was significantly better than chance, whereas this was not possible when training the algorithms with randomly permuted data or with the protein markers not selected. In particular, sirtuin 2 emerged as a key protein, presenting both before and after breast cancer treatments in the PPSNP compared with the non-PPSNP subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The identified proteins play important roles in immune processes such as cell migration, chemotaxis, and cytokine-signaling. They also have considerable overlap with currently known targets of approved or investigational drugs. Taken together, several lines of unsupervised and supervised analyses pointed to structures in serum proteomics data, obtained before and after breast cancer surgery, that relate to neuroinflammatory processes associated with the development of neuropathic pain after an intraoperative nerve lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Mustonen
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (L.M.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Harno
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (L.M.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (L.M.); (H.H.); (E.K.)
- SleepWell Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Ma XR, Zhu X, Xiao Y, Gu HM, Zheng SS, Li L, Wang F, Dong ZJ, Wang DX, Wu Y, Yang C, Jiang W, Yao K, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Peng C, Gao L, Meng Z, Hu Z, Liu C, Li L, Chen HZ, Shu Y, Ju Z, Zhao JW. Restoring nuclear entry of Sirtuin 2 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promotes remyelination during ageing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1225. [PMID: 35264567 PMCID: PMC8907257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-dependent decline in remyelination potential of the central nervous system during ageing is associated with a declined differentiation capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The molecular players that can enhance OPC differentiation or rejuvenate OPCs are unclear. Here we show that, in mouse OPCs, nuclear entry of SIRT2 is impaired and NAD+ levels are reduced during ageing. When we supplement β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN), an NAD+ precursor, nuclear entry of SIRT2 in OPCs, OPC differentiation, and remyelination were rescued in aged animals. We show that the effects on myelination are mediated via the NAD+-SIRT2-H3K18Ac-ID4 axis, and SIRT2 is required for rejuvenating OPCs. Our results show that SIRT2 and NAD+ levels rescue the aged OPC differentiation potential to levels comparable to young age, providing potential targets to enhance remyelination during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Ma
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Gu
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zheng
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Dong
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di-Xian Wang
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhong Jiang
- Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 200035, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310020, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences and Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, and Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China.
| | - Yousheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Marechal D, Dansu DK, Castro K, Patzig J, Magri L, Inbar B, Gacias M, Moyon S, Casaccia P. N-myc downstream regulated family member 1 (NDRG1) is enriched in myelinating oligodendrocytes and impacts myelin degradation in response to demyelination. Glia 2022; 70:321-336. [PMID: 34687571 PMCID: PMC8753715 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The N-myc downstream regulated gene family member 1 (NDRG1) is a gene whose mutation results in peripheral neuropathy with central manifestations. While most of previous studies characterized NDRG1 role in Schwann cells, the detection of central nervous system symptoms and the identification of NDRG1 as a gene silenced in the white matter of multiple sclerosis brains raise the question regarding its role in oligodendrocytes. Here, we show that NDRG1 is enriched in oligodendrocytes and myelin preparations, and we characterize its expression using a novel reporter mouse (TgNdrg1-EGFP). We report NDRG1 expression during developmental myelination and during remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination of the adult corpus callosum. The transcriptome of Ndrg1-EGFP+ cells further supports the identification of late myelinating oligodendrocytes, characterized by expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism and bioenergetics. We also generate a lineage specific conditional knockout (Olig1cre/+ ;Ndrg1fl/fl ) line to study its function. Null mice develop normally, and despite similar numbers of progenitor cells as wild type, they have fewer mature oligodendrocytes and lower levels of myelin proteins than controls, thereby suggesting NDRG1 as important for the maintenance of late myelinating oligodendrocytes. In addition, when control and Ndrg1 null mice are subject to cuprizone-induced demyelination, we observe a higher degree of demyelination in the mutants. Together these data identify NDRG1 as an important molecule for adult myelinating oligodendrocytes, whose decreased levels in the normal appearing white matter of human MS brains may result in greater susceptibility of myelin to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Marechal
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - David K. Dansu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamilah Castro
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia Patzig
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Laura Magri
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin Inbar
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Mar Gacias
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA,Corresponding author:
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17
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Edgar JM, McGowan E, Chapple KJ, Möbius W, Lemgruber L, Insall RH, Nave K, Boullerne A. Río-Hortega's drawings revisited with fluorescent protein defines a cytoplasm-filled channel system of CNS myelin. J Anat 2021; 239:1241-1255. [PMID: 34713444 PMCID: PMC8602028 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A century ago this year, Pío del Río-Hortega (1921) coined the term 'oligodendroglia' for the 'interfascicular glia' with very few processes, launching an extensive discovery effort on his new cell type. One hundred years later, we review his original contributions to our understanding of the system of cytoplasmic channels within myelin in the context of what we observe today using light and electron microscopy of genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and immunostaining. We use the term myelinic channel system to describe the cytoplasm-delimited spaces associated with myelin; being the paranodal loops, inner and outer tongues, cytoplasm-filled spaces through compact myelin and further complex motifs associated to the sheath. Using a central nervous system myelinating cell culture model that contains all major neural cell types and produces compact myelin, we find that td-tomato fluorescent protein delineates the myelinic channel system in a manner reminiscent of the drawings of adult white matter by Río-Hortega, despite that he questioned whether some cytoplasmic figures he observed represented artefact. Together, these data lead us to propose a slightly revised model of the 'unrolled' sheath. Further, we show that the myelinic channel system, while relatively stable, can undergo subtle dynamic shape changes over days. Importantly, we capture an under-appreciated complexity of the myelinic channel system in mature myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Edgar
- Axo‐Glial GroupInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Eleanor McGowan
- Axo‐Glial GroupInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Katie J. Chapple
- Axo‐Glial GroupInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Electron Microscopy Core UnitMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Glasgow Imaging FacilityInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Klaus‐Armin Nave
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Anne Boullerne
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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18
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Morelli AM, Chiantore M, Ravera S, Scholkmann F, Panfoli I. Myelin sheath and cyanobacterial thylakoids as concentric multilamellar structures with similar bioenergetic properties. Open Biol 2021; 11:210177. [PMID: 34905702 PMCID: PMC8670949 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a surprisingly high morphological similarity between multilamellar concentric thylakoids in cyanobacteria and the myelin sheath that wraps the nerve axons. Thylakoids are multilamellar structures, which express photosystems I and II, cytochromes and ATP synthase necessary for the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. Myelin is a multilamellar structure that surrounds many axons in the nervous system and has long been believed to act simply as an insulator. However, it has been shown that myelin has a trophic role, conveying nutrients to the axons and producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, it is tempting to presume that both membranous structures, although distant in the evolution tree, share not only a morphological but also a functional similarity, acting in feeding ATP synthesized by the ATP synthase to the centre of the multilamellar structure. Therefore, both molecular structures may represent a convergent evolution of life on Earth to fulfill fundamentally similar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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19
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Krämer-Albers EM. Superfood for axons: Glial exosomes boost axonal energetics by delivery of SIRT2. Neuron 2021; 109:3397-3400. [PMID: 34735790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Axon integrity depends on support by glia facilitating axonal maintenance and energy homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this issue of Neuron, Chamberlain et al. (2021) provide evidence that oligodendrocyte-to-axon transfer of SIRT2 via extracellular vesicles (exosomes) enables deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins, enhancing axonal energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Cellular Neuroscience, Biology of Extracellular Vesicles, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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20
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Chamberlain KA, Huang N, Xie Y, LiCausi F, Li S, Li Y, Sheng ZH. Oligodendrocytes enhance axonal energy metabolism by deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins through transcellular delivery of SIRT2. Neuron 2021; 109:3456-3472.e8. [PMID: 34506725 PMCID: PMC8571020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurons require mechanisms to maintain ATP homeostasis in axons, which are highly vulnerable to bioenergetic failure. Here, we elucidate a transcellular signaling mechanism by which oligodendrocytes support axonal energy metabolism via transcellular delivery of NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT2. SIRT2 is undetectable in neurons but enriched in oligodendrocytes and released within exosomes. By deleting sirt2, knocking down SIRT2, or blocking exosome release, we demonstrate that transcellular delivery of SIRT2 is critical for axonal energy enhancement. Mass spectrometry and acetylation analyses indicate that neurons treated with oligodendrocyte-conditioned media from WT, but not sirt2-knockout, mice exhibit strong deacetylation of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocases 1 and 2 (ANT1/2). In vivo delivery of SIRT2-filled exosomes into myelinated axons rescues mitochondrial integrity in sirt2-knockout mouse spinal cords. Thus, our study reveals an oligodendrocyte-to-axon delivery of SIRT2, which enhances ATP production by deacetylating mitochondrial proteins, providing a target for boosting axonal bioenergetic metabolism in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Chamberlain
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Francesca LiCausi
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Sunan Li
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 1B-1014, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
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21
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Moyon S, Frawley R, Marechal D, Huang D, Marshall-Phelps KLH, Kegel L, Bøstrand SMK, Sadowski B, Jiang YH, Lyons DA, Möbius W, Casaccia P. TET1-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation regulates adult remyelination in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3359. [PMID: 34099715 PMCID: PMC8185117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating myelin repair in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are unclear. Here, we identify DNA hydroxymethylation, catalyzed by the Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) enzyme TET1, as necessary for myelin repair in young adults and defective in old mice. Constitutive and inducible oligodendrocyte lineage-specific ablation of Tet1 (but not of Tet2), recapitulate this age-related decline in repair of demyelinated lesions. DNA hydroxymethylation and transcriptomic analyses identify TET1-target in adult oligodendrocytes, as genes regulating neuro-glial communication, including the solute carrier (Slc) gene family. Among them, we show that the expression levels of the Na+/K+/Cl- transporter, SLC12A2, are higher in Tet1 overexpressing cells and lower in old or Tet1 knockout. Both aged mice and Tet1 mutants also present inefficient myelin repair and axo-myelinic swellings. Zebrafish mutants for slc12a2b also display swellings of CNS myelinated axons. Our findings suggest that TET1 is required for adult myelin repair and regulation of the axon-myelin interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moyon
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rebecca Frawley
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Damien Marechal
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Boguslawa Sadowski
- Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Program of Biology and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Siems SB, Jahn O, Hoodless LJ, Jung RB, Hesse D, Möbius W, Czopka T, Werner HB. Proteome Profile of Myelin in the Zebrafish Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640169. [PMID: 33898427 PMCID: PMC8060510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The velocity of nerve conduction along vertebrate axons depends on their ensheathment with myelin. Myelin membranes comprise specialized proteins well characterized in mice. Much less is known about the protein composition of myelin in non-mammalian species. Here, we assess the proteome of myelin biochemically purified from the brains of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), considering its increasing popularity as model organism for myelin biology. Combining gel-based and gel-free proteomic approaches, we identified > 1,000 proteins in purified zebrafish myelin, including all known constituents. By mass spectrometric quantification, the predominant Ig-CAM myelin protein zero (MPZ/P0), myelin basic protein (MBP), and the short-chain dehydrogenase 36K constitute 12%, 8%, and 6% of the total myelin protein, respectively. Comparison with previously established mRNA-abundance profiles shows that expression of many myelin-related transcripts coincides with the maturation of zebrafish oligodendrocytes. Zebrafish myelin comprises several proteins that are not present in mice, including 36K, CLDNK, and ZWI. However, a surprisingly large number of ortholog proteins is present in myelin of both species, indicating partial evolutionary preservation of its constituents. Yet, the relative abundance of CNS myelin proteins can differ markedly as exemplified by the complement inhibitor CD59 that constitutes 5% of the total zebrafish myelin protein but is a low-abundant myelin component in mice. Using novel transgenic reporter constructs and cryo-immuno electron microscopy, we confirm the incorporation of CD59 into myelin sheaths. These data provide the first proteome resource of zebrafish CNS myelin and demonstrate both similarities and heterogeneity of myelin composition between teleost fish and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura J Hoodless
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Liao Z, Yang X, Wang W, Deng W, Zhang Y, Song A, Ni B, Zhao H, Zhang S, Li Z. hucMSCs transplantation promotes locomotor function recovery, reduces apoptosis and inhibits demyelination after SCI in rats. Neuropeptides 2021; 86:102125. [PMID: 33486279 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause a variety of cells apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and eventually permanent paralysis. This study aimed to examine whether transplanting human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) can promote locomotor function recovery, reduce apoptosis and inhibit demyelination in SCI models. MAIN METHODS Rats were allocated into Sham group (spinal cord exposure only), SCI + PBS group (spinal cord impact plus phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injections), SCI + hucMSCs group (spinal cord impact plus hucMSCs injections) groups. Behavioral tests, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotion scores (BBB scores), were carried out at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after SCI surgery. Hematoxylin-eosin staining observed spinal cord morphology. Nissl staining detected the number of nissl bodies. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and oligodendrocyte (CNPase) were examed by immunohistochemical staining. The apoptosis of oligodendrocyte and neurons were detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The 28-day behavioral test showed that the BBB score of rats in the SCI + hucMSCs group increased significantly, comparing to the SCI + PBS group. The numbers of nissl bodies and myelin sheath in the damaged area of SCI + hucMSCs group were also significantly increased compared to the SCI + PBS group. HucMSCs transplanting decreased the expression of protein level of Caspase-3 and Bax and increased the Bcl-2, MBP and CNPase, rescued the apoptosis of neurons and the oligodendrocyte. CONCLUSION These results showed that hucMSCs can improve motor function, tissue repairing and reducing apoptosis in SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiuzhen Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Weiyue Deng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Aishi Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Bin Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China; Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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Structural myelin defects are associated with low axonal ATP levels but rapid recovery from energy deprivation in a mouse model of spastic paraplegia. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000943. [PMID: 33196637 PMCID: PMC7704050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In several neurodegenerative disorders, axonal pathology may originate from impaired oligodendrocyte-to-axon support of energy substrates. We previously established transgenic mice that allow measuring axonal ATP levels in electrically active optic nerves. Here, we utilize this technique to explore axonal ATP dynamics in the Plpnull/y mouse model of spastic paraplegia. Optic nerves from Plpnull/y mice exhibited lower and more variable basal axonal ATP levels and reduced compound action potential (CAP) amplitudes, providing a missing link between axonal pathology and a role of oligodendrocytes in brain energy metabolism. Surprisingly, when Plpnull/y optic nerves are challenged with transient glucose deprivation, both ATP levels and CAP decline slower, but recover faster upon reperfusion of glucose. Structurally, myelin sheaths display an increased frequency of cytosolic channels comprising glucose and monocarboxylate transporters, possibly facilitating accessibility of energy substrates to the axon. These data imply that complex metabolic alterations of the axon–myelin unit contribute to the phenotype of Plpnull/y mice. Imaging of ATP dynamics in the optic nerve axons of mice lacking the major myelin protein PLP (a model of spastic paraplegia) reveals complex alterations in the metabolic interaction between oligodendrocytes and axons, associated with structural deficits of myelin.
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25
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Ravera S, Morelli AM, Panfoli I. Myelination increases chemical energy support to the axon without modifying the basic physicochemical mechanism of nerve conduction. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104883. [PMID: 33075435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The existence of different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated axons is uncertain. It seems that considering exclusively physical electrical phenomena may be an oversimplification. A novel interpretation of the mechanism of nerve conduction in myelinated nerves is proposed, to explain how the basic mechanism of nerve conduction has been adapted to myelinated conditions. The neurilemma would bear the voltage-gated channels and Na+/K+-ATPase in both unmyelinated and myelinated conditions, the only difference being the sheath wrapping it. The dramatic increase in conduction speed of the myelinated axons would essentially depend on an increment in ATP availability within the internode: myelin would be an aerobic ATP supplier to the axoplasm, through connexons. In fact, neurons rely on aerobic metabolism and on trophic support from oligodendrocytes, that do not normally duplicate after infancy in humans. Such comprehensive framework of nerve impulse propagation in axons may shed new light on the pathophysiology of nervous system disease in humans, seemingly strictly dependent on the viability of the pre-existing oligodendrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, I 16132, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maria Morelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, University of Genoa, Genoa, I 16132, Italy.
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, University of Genoa, Genoa, I 16132, Italy
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26
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Eichel MA, Gargareta VI, D'Este E, Fledrich R, Kungl T, Buscham TJ, Lüders KA, Miracle C, Jung RB, Distler U, Kusch K, Möbius W, Hülsmann S, Tenzer S, Nave KA, Werner HB. CMTM6 expressed on the adaxonal Schwann cell surface restricts axonal diameters in peripheral nerves. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4514. [PMID: 32908139 PMCID: PMC7481192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The velocity of nerve conduction is moderately enhanced by larger axonal diameters and potently sped up by myelination of axons. Myelination thus allows rapid impulse propagation with reduced axonal diameters; however, no myelin-dependent mechanism has been reported that restricts radial growth of axons. By label-free proteomics, STED-microscopy and cryo-immuno electron-microscopy we here identify CMTM6 (chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL-transmembrane domain-containing family member-6) as a myelin protein specifically localized to the Schwann cell membrane exposed to the axon. We find that disruption of Cmtm6-expression in Schwann cells causes a substantial increase of axonal diameters but does not impair myelin biogenesis, radial sorting or integrity of axons. Increased axonal diameters correlate with accelerated sensory nerve conduction and sensory responses and perturbed motor performance. These data show that Schwann cells utilize CMTM6 to restrict the radial growth of axons, which optimizes nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Eichel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki-Ilya Gargareta
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa D'Este
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Optical Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias J Buscham
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja A Lüders
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cristina Miracle
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Swen Hülsmann
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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27
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Jahn O, Siems SB, Kusch K, Hesse D, Jung RB, Liepold T, Uecker M, Sun T, Werner HB. The CNS Myelin Proteome: Deep Profile and Persistence After Post-mortem Delay. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:239. [PMID: 32973451 PMCID: PMC7466725 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin membranes are dominated by lipids while the complexity of their protein composition has long been considered to be low. However, numerous additional myelin proteins have been identified since. Here we revisit the proteome of myelin biochemically purified from the brains of healthy c56Bl/6N-mice utilizing complementary proteomic approaches for deep qualitative and quantitative coverage. By gel-free, label-free mass spectrometry, the most abundant myelin proteins PLP, MBP, CNP, and MOG constitute 38, 30, 5, and 1% of the total myelin protein, respectively. The relative abundance of myelin proteins displays a dynamic range of over four orders of magnitude, implying that PLP and MBP have overshadowed less abundant myelin constituents in initial gel-based approaches. By comparisons with published datasets we evaluate to which degree the CNS myelin proteome correlates with the mRNA and protein abundance profiles of myelin and oligodendrocytes. Notably, the myelin proteome displays only minor changes if assessed after a post-mortem delay of 6 h. These data provide the most comprehensive proteome resource of CNS myelin so far and a basis for addressing proteomic heterogeneity of myelin in mouse models and human patients with white matter disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie B. Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramona B. Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Liepold
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Uecker
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B. Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Weigel M, Wang L, Fu MM. Microtubule organization and dynamics in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:310-320. [PMID: 32324338 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Though much is known about microtubule organization and microtubule-based transport in neurons, the development and function of microtubules in glia are more enigmatic. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on microtubules in ramified brain cells, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. We focus on normal cell biology-how structure relates to function in these cells. In oligodendrocytes, microtubules are important for extension of processes that contact axons and for elongating the myelin sheath. Recent studies demonstrate that new microtubules can form outside of the oligodendrocyte cell body off of Golgi outpost organelles. In astrocytes and microglia, changes in cell shape and ramification can be influenced by neighboring cells and the extracellular milieu. Finally, we highlight key papers implicating glial microtubule defects in neurological injury and disease and discuss how microtubules may contribute to invasiveness in gliomas. Thus, future research on the mechanisms underlying microtubule organization in normal glial cell function may yield valuable insights on neurological disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Weigel
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Meng Fu
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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29
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Siems SB, Jahn O, Eichel MA, Kannaiyan N, Wu LMN, Sherman DL, Kusch K, Hesse D, Jung RB, Fledrich R, Sereda MW, Rossner MJ, Brophy PJ, Werner HB. Proteome profile of peripheral myelin in healthy mice and in a neuropathy model. eLife 2020; 9:e51406. [PMID: 32130108 PMCID: PMC7056269 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteome and transcriptome analyses aim at comprehending the molecular profiles of the brain, its cell-types and subcellular compartments including myelin. Despite the relevance of the peripheral nervous system for normal sensory and motor capabilities, analogous approaches to peripheral nerves and peripheral myelin have fallen behind evolving technical standards. Here we assess the peripheral myelin proteome by gel-free, label-free mass-spectrometry for deep quantitative coverage. Integration with RNA-Sequencing-based developmental mRNA-abundance profiles and neuropathy disease genes illustrates the utility of this resource. Notably, the periaxin-deficient mouse model of the neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4F displays a highly pathological myelin proteome profile, exemplified by the discovery of reduced levels of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1/SLC16A1 as a novel facet of the neuropathology. This work provides the most comprehensive proteome resource thus far to approach development, function and pathology of peripheral myelin, and a straightforward, accurate and sensitive workflow to address myelin diversity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Maria A Eichel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Nirmal Kannaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Lai Man N Wu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Diane L Sherman
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Peter J Brophy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
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30
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Berry K, Wang J, Lu QR. Epigenetic regulation of oligodendrocyte myelination in developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-105. [PMID: 32089836 PMCID: PMC7014579 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20904.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the critical cell types giving rise to the myelin nerve sheath enabling efficient nerve transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocyte precursor cells differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and are maintained throughout life. Deficits in the generation, proliferation, or differentiation of these cells or their maintenance have been linked to neurological disorders ranging from developmental disorders to neurodegenerative diseases and limit repair after CNS injury. Understanding the regulation of these processes is critical for achieving proper myelination during development, preventing disease, or recovering from injury. Many of the key factors underlying these processes are epigenetic regulators that enable the fine tuning or reprogramming of gene expression during development and regeneration in response to changes in the local microenvironment. These include chromatin remodelers, histone-modifying enzymes, covalent modifiers of DNA methylation, and RNA modification-mediated mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the key components in each of these classes which are responsible for generating and maintaining oligodendrocyte myelination as well as potential targeted approaches to stimulate the regenerative program in developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalen Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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31
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Oláh J, Lehotzky A, Szunyogh S, Szénási T, Orosz F, Ovádi J. Microtubule-Associated Proteins with Regulatory Functions by Day and Pathological Potency at Night. Cells 2020; 9:E357. [PMID: 32033023 PMCID: PMC7072251 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensing, integrating, and coordinating features of the eukaryotic cells are achieved by the complex ultrastructural arrays and multifarious functions of the cytoskeleton, including the microtubule network. Microtubules play crucial roles achieved by their decoration with proteins/enzymes as well as by posttranslational modifications. This review focuses on the Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25), a new microtubule associated protein, on its "regulatory functions by day and pathological functions at night". Physiologically, the moonlighting TPPP/p25 modulates the dynamics and stability of the microtubule network by bundling microtubules and enhancing the tubulin acetylation due to the inhibition of tubulin deacetylases. The optimal endogenous TPPP/p25 level is crucial for its physiological functions, to the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, which are the major constituents of the myelin sheath. Pathologically, TPPP/p25 forms toxic oligomers/aggregates with α-synuclein in neurons and oligodendrocytes in Parkinson's disease and Multiple System Atrophy, respectively; and their complex is a potential therapeutic drug target. TPPP/p25-derived microtubule hyperacetylation counteracts uncontrolled cell division. All these issues reveal the anti-mitotic and α-synuclein aggregation-promoting potency of TPPP/p25, consistent with the finding that Parkinson's disease patients have reduced risk for certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (A.L.); (S.S.); (T.S.); (F.O.)
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32
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The wmN1 Enhancer Region of the Mouse Myelin Proteolipid Protein Gene (mPlp1) is Indispensable for Expression of an mPlp1-lacZ Transgene in Both the CNS and PNS. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:663-671. [PMID: 31782102 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The myelin proteolipid protein gene (PLP1) encodes the most abundant protein in CNS myelin. Expression of the gene must be strictly regulated, as evidenced by human X-linked leukodystrophies resulting from variations in PLP1 copy number, including elevated dosages as well as deletions. Recently, we showed that the wmN1 region in human PLP1 (hPLP1) intron 1 is required to promote high levels of an hPLP1-lacZ transgene in mice, using a Cre-lox approach. The current study tests whether loss of the wmN1 region from a related transgene containing mouse Plp1 (mPlp1) DNA produces similar results. In addition, we investigated the effects of loss of another region (ASE) in mPlp1 intron 1. Previous studies have shown that the ASE is required to promote high levels of mPlp1-lacZ expression by transfection analysis, but had no effect when removed from the native gene in mouse. Whether this is due to compensation by another regulatory element in mPlp1 that was not included in the mPlp1-lacZ constructs, or to differences in methodology, is unclear. Two transgenic mouse lines were generated that harbor mPLP(+)Z/FL. The parental transgene utilizes mPlp1 sequences (proximal 2.3 kb of 5'-flanking DNA to the first 37 bp of exon 2) to drive expression of a lacZ reporter cassette. Here we demonstrate that mPLP(+)Z/FL is expressed in oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, olfactory ensheathing cells and neurons in brain, and Schwann cells in sciatic nerve. Loss of the wmN1 region from the parental transgene abolished expression, whereas removal of the ASE had no effect.
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33
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Foolad F, Khodagholi F, Javan M. Sirtuins in Multiple Sclerosis: The crossroad of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolism. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34:47-58. [PMID: 31228716 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a challenging and disabling condition particularly in the secondary progressive (SP) phase of this disease. The available treatments cannot ameliorate or stop disease progression in this phase, and there is an urgent need to focus on effective therapies and the molecular pathways involved SPMS. Given the significant impact of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic alterations in MS, focusing on the molecules that target these different pathways could help in finding new treatments. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+ dependent epigenetic and metabolic regulators, which have critical roles in the physiology of central nervous system, immune system and metabolism. Based on these facts, SIRTs are crucial candidates of therapeutic targets in MS and collecting the information related to MS disease for each SIRT individually is noteworthy and highlights the lack of investigation in each part. In this review we summarized the role of different sirtuins as key regulator in neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolism pathways. We also clarify the rationale behind selecting SIRTs as therapeutic targets in MS disease by collecting the researches showing alteration of these proteins in human samples of MS patients and animal model of MS, and also the improvement of modeled animals after SIRT-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Regulation of sirtuin expression in autoimmune neuroinflammation: Induction of SIRT1 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:116-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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What if? Mouse proteomics after gene inactivation. J Proteomics 2019; 199:102-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Yang F, Guan Y, Feng X, Rolfs A, Schlüter H, Luo J. Proteomics of the corpus callosum to identify novel factors involved in hypomyelinated Niemann-Pick Type C disease mice. Mol Brain 2019; 12:17. [PMID: 30866987 PMCID: PMC6417209 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelination in the central nerves system (CNS) is one of the most obviously pathological features in Niemann-Pick Type C disease (NPC), which is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 or 2 (Npc1 or Npc2). Npc1 plays key roles in both neurons and oligodendrocytes during myelination, however, the linkage between the disturbed cholesterol transport and inhibited myelination is unrevealed. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based differential quantitative proteomics was applied to compare protein composition in the corpus callosum between wild type (WT) and NPC mice. In total, 3009 proteins from both samples were identified, including myelin structural proteins, neuronal proteins, and astrocyte-specific proteins. In line to hypomyelination, our data revealed downregulation of myelin structural and indispensable proteins in Npc1 mutant mice. Notably, the reduced ceramide synthase 2 (Cers2), UDP glycosyltransferase 8 (Ugt8), and glycolipid transfer protein (Gltp) indicate the altered sphingolipid metabolism in the disease and the involvement of Gltp in myelination. The identification of most reported myelin structural proteins and proteins from other cell types advocates the use of the corpus callosum to investigate proteins in different cell types that regulate myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yudong Guan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiao Feng
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jiankai Luo
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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37
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Malheiro AR, Correia B, Ferreira da Silva T, Bessa-Neto D, Van Veldhoven PP, Brites P. Leukodystrophy caused by plasmalogen deficiency rescued by glyceryl 1-myristyl ether treatment. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:622-639. [PMID: 30667116 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens are the most abundant form of ether phospholipids in myelin and their deficiency causes Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata (RCDP), a severe developmental disorder. Using the Gnpat-knockout (KO) mouse as a model of RCDP, we determined the consequences of a plasmalogen deficiency during myelination and myelin homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). We unraveled that the lack of plasmalogens causes a generalized hypomyelination in several CNS regions including the optic nerve, corpus callosum and spinal cord. The defect in myelin content evolved to a progressive demyelination concomitant with generalized astrocytosis and white matter-selective microgliosis. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) and mature oligodendrocytes were abundant in the CNS of Gnpat KO mice during the active period of demyelination. Axonal loss was minimal in plasmalogen-deficient mice, although axonal damage was observed in spinal cords from aged Gnpat KO mice. Characterization of the plasmalogen-deficient myelin identified myelin basic protein and septin 7 as early markers of dysmyelination, whereas myelin-associated glycoprotein was associated with the active demyelination phase. Using in vitro myelination assays, we unraveled that the intrinsic capacity of oligodendrocytes to ensheath and initiate membrane wrapping requires plasmalogens. The defect in plasmalogens was rescued with glyceryl 1-myristyl ether [1-O-tetradecyl glycerol (1-O-TDG)], a novel alternative precursor in the plasmalogen biosynthesis pathway. 1-O-TDG treatment rescued myelination in plasmalogen-deficient oligodendrocytes and in mutant mice. Our results demonstrate the importance of plasmalogens for oligodendrocyte function and myelin assembly, and identified a novel strategy to promote myelination in nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Malheiro
- Neurolipid Biology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC e Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara Correia
- Neurolipid Biology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC e Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ferreira da Silva
- Neurolipid Biology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC e Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Bessa-Neto
- Neurolipid Biology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC e Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Brites
- Neurolipid Biology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC e Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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38
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Abstract
The identification and functional characterization of the repertoire of myelin proteins provides a valuable foundation for understanding molecular mechanisms of myelination and the pathogenesis of human myelin disease. Here we provide a procedure for the purification of myelin from rodent or human brains and a large-scale analysis of the myelin proteome, using the shotgun approach of one-dimensional PAGE and liquid chromatography (LC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS).
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39
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Lu G, Zhang M, Wang J, Zhang K, Wu S, Zhao X. Epigenetic regulation of myelination in health and disease. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1371-1387. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Lu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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40
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Lüders KA, Nessler S, Kusch K, Patzig J, Jung RB, Möbius W, Nave KA, Werner HB. Maintenance of high proteolipid protein level in adult central nervous system myelin is required to preserve the integrity of myelin and axons. Glia 2019; 67:634-649. [PMID: 30637801 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant integral membrane protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Expression of the Plp-gene in oligodendrocytes is not essential for the biosynthesis of myelin membranes but required to prevent axonal pathology. This raises the question whether the exceptionally high level of PLP in myelin is required later in life, or whether high-level PLP expression becomes dispensable once myelin has been assembled. Both models require a better understanding of the turnover of PLP in myelin in vivo. Thus, we generated and characterized a novel line of tamoxifen-inducible Plp-mutant mice that allowed us to determine the rate of PLP turnover after developmental myelination has been completed, and to assess the possible impact of gradually decreasing amounts of PLP for myelin and axonal integrity. We found that 6 months after targeting the Plp-gene the abundance of PLP in CNS myelin was about halved, probably reflecting that myelin is slowly turned over in the adult brain. Importantly, this reduction by 50% was sufficient to cause the entire spectrum of neuropathological changes previously associated with the developmental lack of PLP, including myelin outfoldings, lamellae splittings, and axonal spheroids. In comparison to axonopathy and gliosis, the infiltration of cytotoxic T-cells was temporally delayed, suggesting a corresponding chronology also in the genetic disorders of PLP-deficiency. High-level abundance of PLP in myelin throughout adult life emerges as a requirement for the preservation of white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja A Lüders
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nessler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Patzig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Erwig MS, Hesse D, Jung RB, Uecker M, Kusch K, Tenzer S, Jahn O, Werner HB. Myelin: Methods for Purification and Proteome Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1936:37-63. [PMID: 30820892 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9072-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of myelin is a prerequisite for understanding the normal structure of the axon/myelin-unit in the healthy nervous system and abnormalities in myelin-related disorders. However, reliable molecular profiles necessitate very pure myelin membranes, in particular when considering the power of highly sensitive "omics"-data acquisition methods. Here, we recapitulate the history and recent applications of myelin purification. We then provide our laboratory protocols for the biochemical isolation of a highly pure myelin-enriched fraction from mouse brains and for its proteomic analysis. We also supply methodological modifications when investigating posttranslational modifications, RNA, or myelin from peripheral nerves. Notably, technical advancements in solubilizing myelin are beneficial for gel-based and gel-free myelin proteome analyses. We conclude this article by exemplifying the exceptional power of label-free proteomics in the mass-spectrometric quantification of myelin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Erwig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marina Uecker
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.
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42
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Schirmer L, Möbius W, Zhao C, Cruz-Herranz A, Ben Haim L, Cordano C, Shiow LR, Kelley KW, Sadowski B, Timmons G, Pröbstel AK, Wright JN, Sin JH, Devereux M, Morrison DE, Chang SM, Sabeur K, Green AJ, Nave KA, Franklin RJ, Rowitch DH. Oligodendrocyte-encoded Kir4.1 function is required for axonal integrity. eLife 2018; 7:36428. [PMID: 30204081 PMCID: PMC6167053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial support is critical for normal axon function and can become dysregulated in white matter (WM) disease. In humans, loss-of-function mutations of KCNJ10, which encodes the inward-rectifying potassium channel KIR4.1, causes seizures and progressive neurological decline. We investigated Kir4.1 functions in oligodendrocytes (OLs) during development, adulthood and after WM injury. We observed that Kir4.1 channels localized to perinodal areas and the inner myelin tongue, suggesting roles in juxta-axonal K+ removal. Conditional knockout (cKO) of OL-Kcnj10 resulted in late onset mitochondrial damage and axonal degeneration. This was accompanied by neuronal loss and neuro-axonal dysfunction in adult OL-Kcnj10 cKO mice as shown by delayed visual evoked potentials, inner retinal thinning and progressive motor deficits. Axon pathologies in OL-Kcnj10 cKO were exacerbated after WM injury in the spinal cord. Our findings point towards a critical role of OL-Kir4.1 for long-term maintenance of axonal function and integrity during adulthood and after WM injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Schirmer
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Cruz-Herranz
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lucile Ben Haim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Christian Cordano
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lawrence R Shiow
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kevin W Kelley
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Boguslawa Sadowski
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Garrett Timmons
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jackie N Wright
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jung Hyung Sin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael Devereux
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Daniel E Morrison
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra M Chang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Khalida Sabeur
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ari J Green
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin Jm Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David H Rowitch
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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43
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Stassart RM, Möbius W, Nave KA, Edgar JM. The Axon-Myelin Unit in Development and Degenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:467. [PMID: 30050403 PMCID: PMC6050401 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are electrically excitable, cable-like neuronal processes that relay information between neurons within the nervous system and between neurons and peripheral target tissues. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, most axons over a critical diameter are enwrapped by myelin, which reduces internodal membrane capacitance and facilitates rapid conduction of electrical impulses. The spirally wrapped myelin sheath, which is an evolutionary specialisation of vertebrates, is produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells; in most mammals myelination occurs during postnatal development and after axons have established connection with their targets. Myelin covers the vast majority of the axonal surface, influencing the axon's physical shape, the localisation of molecules on its membrane and the composition of the extracellular fluid (in the periaxonal space) that immerses it. Moreover, myelinating cells play a fundamental role in axonal support, at least in part by providing metabolic substrates to the underlying axon to fuel its energy requirements. The unique architecture of the myelinated axon, which is crucial to its function as a conduit over long distances, renders it particularly susceptible to injury and confers specific survival and maintenance requirements. In this review we will describe the normal morphology, ultrastructure and function of myelinated axons, and discuss how these change following disease, injury or experimental perturbation, with a particular focus on the role the myelinating cell plays in shaping and supporting the axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia M. Edgar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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44
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Early JJ, Cole KL, Williamson JM, Swire M, Kamadurai H, Muskavitch M, Lyons DA. An automated high-resolution in vivo screen in zebrafish to identify chemical regulators of myelination. eLife 2018; 7:35136. [PMID: 29979149 PMCID: PMC6056238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelinating oligodendrocytes are essential for central nervous system (CNS) formation and function. Their disruption is implicated in numerous neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, recent studies have indicated that oligodendrocytes may be tractable for treatment of disease. In recent years, zebrafish have become well established for the study of myelinating oligodendrocyte biology and drug discovery in vivo. Here, by automating the delivery of zebrafish larvae to a spinning disk confocal microscope, we were able to automate high-resolution imaging of myelinating oligodendrocytes in vivo. From there, we developed an image analysis pipeline that facilitated a screen of compounds with epigenetic and post-translational targets for their effects on regulating myelinating oligodendrocyte number. This screen identified novel compounds that strongly promote myelinating oligodendrocyte formation in vivo. Our imaging platform and analysis pipeline is flexible and can be employed for high-resolution imaging-based screens of broad interest using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Early
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Zebrafish screening facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Lh Cole
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jill M Williamson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Swire
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Zebrafish screening facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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45
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Brain Cell Type Specific Gene Expression and Co-expression Network Architectures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8868. [PMID: 29892006 PMCID: PMC5995803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating brain cell type specific gene expression patterns is critical towards a better understanding of how cell-cell communications may influence brain functions and dysfunctions. We set out to compare and contrast five human and murine cell type-specific transcriptome-wide RNA expression data sets that were generated within the past several years. We defined three measures of brain cell type-relative expression including specificity, enrichment, and absolute expression and identified corresponding consensus brain cell “signatures,” which were well conserved across data sets. We validated that the relative expression of top cell type markers are associated with proxies for cell type proportions in bulk RNA expression data from postmortem human brain samples. We further validated novel marker genes using an orthogonal ATAC-seq dataset. We performed multiscale coexpression network analysis of the single cell data sets and identified robust cell-specific gene modules. To facilitate the use of the cell type-specific genes for cell type proportion estimation and deconvolution from bulk brain gene expression data, we developed an R package, BRETIGEA. In summary, we identified a set of novel brain cell consensus signatures and robust networks from the integration of multiple datasets and therefore transcend limitations related to technical issues characteristic of each individual study.
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46
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Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Young JI, Perez-Pinzon MA. The NAD +-Dependent Family of Sirtuins in Cerebral Ischemia and Preconditioning. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:691-710. [PMID: 28683567 PMCID: PMC5824497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases and ADP ribosylases. Their requirement for NAD+ as a cosubstrate allows them to act as metabolic sensors that couple changes in the energy status of the cell to changes in cellular physiological processes. NAD+ levels are affected by several NAD+-producing and NAD+-consuming pathways as well as by cellular respiration. Thus their intracellular levels are highly dynamic and are misregulated in a spectrum of metabolic disorders including cerebral ischemia. This, in turn, compromises several NAD+-dependent processes that may ultimately lead to cell death. Recent Advances: A number of efforts have been made to replenish NAD+ in cerebral ischemic injuries as well as to understand the functions of one its important mediators, the sirtuin family of proteins through the use of pharmacological modulators or genetic manipulation approaches either before or after the insult. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The results of these studies have regarded the sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia. Yet, additional efforts are needed to understand the role of some of the less characterized members and to address the sex-specific effects observed with some members. Sirtuins also exhibit cell-type-specific expression in the brain as well as distinct subcellular and regional localizations. As such, they are involved in diverse and sometimes opposing cellular processes that can either promote neuroprotection or further contribute to the injury; which also stresses the need for the development and use of sirtuin-specific pharmacological modulators. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 691-710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan I. Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Wight PA. Effects of Intron 1 Sequences on Human PLP1 Expression: Implications for PLP1-Related Disorders. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091417720583. [PMID: 28735559 PMCID: PMC5528184 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417720583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the myelin proteolipid protein gene ( PLP1) may result in rare X-linked disorders in humans such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and spastic paraplegia type 2. PLP1 expression must be tightly regulated since null mutations, as well as elevated PLP1 copy number, both lead to disease. Previous studies with Plp1-lacZ transgenic mice have demonstrated that mouse Plp1 ( mPlp1) intron 1 DNA (which accounts for slightly more than half of the gene) is required for the mPlp1 promoter to drive significant levels of reporter gene expression in brain. However not much is known about the mechanisms that control expression of the human PLP1 gene ( hPLP1). Therefore this review will focus on sequences in hPLP1 intron 1 DNA deemed important for hPLP1 gene activity as well as a couple of "human-specific" supplementary exons within the first intron which are utilized to generate novel splice variants, and the potential role that these sequences may play in PLP1-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Wight
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Modulation Of Microtubule Acetylation By The Interplay Of TPPP/p25, SIRT2 And New Anticancer Agents With Anti-SIRT2 Potency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17070. [PMID: 29213065 PMCID: PMC5719079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule network exerts multifarious functions controlled by its decoration with various proteins and post-translational modifications. The disordered microtubule associated Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25) and the NAD+-dependent tubulin deacetylase sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) play key roles in oligodendrocyte differentiation by acting as dominant factors in the organization of myelin proteome. Herein, we show that SIRT2 impedes the TPPP/p25-promoted microtubule assembly independently of NAD+; however, the TPPP/p25-assembled tubulin ultrastructures were resistant against SIRT2 activity. TPPP/p25 counteracts the SIRT2-derived tubulin deacetylation producing enhanced microtubule acetylation. The inhibition of the SIRT2 deacetylase activity by TPPP/p25 is evolved by the assembly of these tubulin binding proteins into a ternary complex, the concentration-dependent formation of which was quantified by experimental-based mathematical modelling. Co-localization of the SIRT2-TPPP/p25 complex on the microtubule network was visualized in HeLa cells by immunofluorescence microscopy using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation. We also revealed that a new potent SIRT2 inhibitor (MZ242) and its proteolysis targeting chimera (SH1) acting together with TPPP/p25 provoke microtubule hyperacetylation, which is coupled with process elongation only in the case of the degrader SH1. Both the structural and the functional effects manifesting themselves by this deacetylase proteome could lead to the fine-tuning of the regulation of microtubule dynamics and stability.
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Fourcade S, Morató L, Parameswaran J, Ruiz M, Ruiz‐Cortés T, Jové M, Naudí A, Martínez‐Redondo P, Dierssen M, Ferrer I, Villarroya F, Pamplona R, Vaquero A, Portero‐Otín M, Pujol A. Loss of SIRT2 leads to axonal degeneration and locomotor disability associated with redox and energy imbalance. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1404-1413. [PMID: 28984064 PMCID: PMC5676070 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of a family of NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) that play diverse roles in cellular metabolism and especially for aging process. SIRT2 is located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and has been reported to regulate a variety of processes including oxidative stress, genome integrity, and myelination. However, little is known about the role of SIRT2 in the nervous system specifically during aging. Here, we show that middle‐aged, 13‐month‐old mice lacking SIRT2 exhibit locomotor dysfunction due to axonal degeneration, which was not present in young SIRT2 mice. In addition, these Sirt2−/− mice exhibit mitochondrial depletion resulting in energy failure, and redox dyshomeostasis. Our results provide a novel link between SIRT2 and physiological aging impacting the axonal compartment of the central nervous system, while supporting a major role for SIRT2 in orchestrating its metabolic regulation. This underscores the value of SIRT2 as a therapeutic target in the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases that undergo with axonal degeneration associated with redox and energetic dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory Institute of Neuropathology IDIBELL Barcelona Spain
- CIBERER U759 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona Spain
| | - Laia Morató
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory Institute of Neuropathology IDIBELL Barcelona Spain
- CIBERER U759 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona Spain
| | - Janani Parameswaran
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory Institute of Neuropathology IDIBELL Barcelona Spain
- CIBERER U759 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory Institute of Neuropathology IDIBELL Barcelona Spain
- CIBERER U759 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona Spain
| | - Tatiana Ruiz‐Cortés
- Biogenesis Research Group Agrarian Sciences Faculty University of Antioquia Medellin Colombia
| | - Mariona Jové
- Experimental Medicine Department University of Lleida‐IRBLleida Lleida Spain
| | - Alba Naudí
- Experimental Medicine Department University of Lleida‐IRBLleida Lleida Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez‐Redondo
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC) Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology, Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences Universidad Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- CIBERER U716 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) ISCIII Madrid Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Barcelona Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
- The Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) Barcelona Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Experimental Medicine Department University of Lleida‐IRBLleida Lleida Spain
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC) Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Manel Portero‐Otín
- Experimental Medicine Department University of Lleida‐IRBLleida Lleida Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory Institute of Neuropathology IDIBELL Barcelona Spain
- CIBERER U759 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain
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