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Chen L, Xu T, Lou J, Zhang T, Wu S, Xie R, Xu J. The beneficial roles and mechanisms of estrogens in immune health and infection disease. Steroids 2024; 207:109426. [PMID: 38685461 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic studies have revealed that gender is considered one of the important factors in the frequency and severity of certain infectious diseases, in which estrogens may play a vital role. There is growing evidence that estrogens as female sex hormone can modulate multiple biological functions outside of the reproductive system, such as in brain and cardiovascular system. However, it is largely unknown about the roles and mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune health and infection disease. Thence, by reading a lot of literature, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune cells and their roles in certain infectious diseases with gender differences. Therefore, estrogens may have therapeutic potentials to prevent and treat these infectious diseases, which needs further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liupanshui People's Hospital, Liupanshui City 553000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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2
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Dos Santos BL, Dos Santos CC, da Silva KC, Nonaka CKV, Souza BSDF, David JM, de Oliveira JVR, Costa MDFD, Butt AM, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. The Phytochemical Agathisflavone Modulates miR146a and miR155 in Activated Microglia Involving STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2547. [PMID: 38473794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in glial cells and have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effects of agathisflavone, a biflavonoid purified from the leaves of Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.), on modulating the expression of miRs and inflammatory mediators in activated microglia. C20 human microglia were exposed to oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ, 500 nM) for 4 h or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) for 24 h and then treated or not with agathisflavone (1 µM) for 24 h. We observed that β-amyloid and LPS activated microglia to an inflammatory state, with increased expression of miR-146a, miR-155, IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. Treatment with agathisflavone resulted in a significant reduction in miR146a and miR-155 induced by LPS or Aβ, as well as inflammatory cytokines IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. In cells stimulated with Aβ, there was an increase in p-STAT3 expression that was reduced by agathisflavone treatment. These data identify a role for miRs in the anti-inflammatory effect of agathisflavone on microglia in models of neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbino Lino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Creusa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Juciele Valéria Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N Vale do Canela, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
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Mehta SL, Arruri V, Vemuganti R. Role of transcription factors, noncoding RNAs, epitranscriptomics, and epigenetics in post-ischemic neuroinflammation. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38279529 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke neuroinflammation is pivotal in brain repair, yet persistent inflammation can aggravate ischemic brain damage and hamper recovery. Following stroke, specific molecules released from brain cells attract and activate central and peripheral immune cells. These immune cells subsequently release diverse inflammatory molecules within the ischemic brain, initiating a sequence of events, including activation of transcription factors in different brain cell types that modulate gene expression and influence outcomes; the interactive action of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to regulate multiple biological processes including inflammation, epitranscriptomic RNA modification that controls RNA processing, stability, and translation; and epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone modifications crucial in managing the genic response to stroke. Interactions among these events further affect post-stroke inflammation and shape the depth of ischemic brain damage and functional outcomes. We highlighted these aspects of neuroinflammation in this review and postulate that deciphering these mechanisms is pivotal for identifying therapeutic targets to alleviate post-stroke dysfunction and enhance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Mu X, Liu Z, Zhao X, Chen L, Jia Q, Wang C, Li T, Guo Y, Qiu J, Qian Y. Bisphenol analogues induced social defects and neural impairment in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:166307. [PMID: 37586522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence in humans that endocrine disrupting chemicals exposure, such as bisphenol A (BPA), is tied to social behavior impacts when evaluated in early life stage. However, the potential social impact of BPA alternatives and its association with central nervous system (CNS) is poorly understood. Here, we performed behavioral test for zebrafish that are continuously exposed to environmental relevant concentrations (5 and 500 ng/L) of BPA, BPF, and BPAF since embryonic stage. Surprisingly, significant social behavior defects, including increased social distance and decreased contact time, were identified in zebrafish treated by 500 ng/L BPAF and BPA. These behavioral changes were accompanied by apparent histological injury, microglia activation, enhanced apoptosis and neuron loss in brain. The gut-brain transcriptional profile showed that genes involved in neuronal development pathways were up-regulated in all bisphenol analogs treatments, indicating a protective phenotype of CNS; however, these pathways were inhibited in gut. Besides, a variety of key regulators in the gut-brain regulation were identified based on protein interaction prediction, such as rac1-limk1, insrb1 and fosab. These findings implicated that the existence of bisphenol analogues in water would influence the social life of fish, and revealed a potential role of gut-brain transcriptional alteration in mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiteng Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, China
| | - Yuanming Guo
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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5
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Dorschel KB, Wanebo JE. Physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of the molecular and cellular biology of angiogenesis and inflammation in moyamoya angiopathy and related vascular diseases. Front Neurol 2023; 14:661611. [PMID: 37273690 PMCID: PMC10236939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.661611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) remain largely unknown. MMA is a progressive, occlusive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; with compensatory formation of an abnormal network of perforating blood vessels that creates a collateral circulation; and by aberrant angiogenesis at the base of the brain. Imbalance of angiogenic and vasculogenic mechanisms has been proposed as a potential cause of MMA. Moyamoya vessels suggest that aberrant angiogenic, arteriogenic, and vasculogenic processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of MMA. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells have been hypothesized to contribute to vascular remodeling in MMA. MMA is associated with increased expression of angiogenic factors and proinflammatory molecules. Systemic inflammation may be related to MMA pathogenesis. Objective This literature review describes the molecular mechanisms associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction, aberrant angiogenesis, and inflammation in MMA and related cerebrovascular diseases along with treatment strategies and future research perspectives. Methods and results References were identified through a systematic computerized search of the medical literature from January 1, 1983, through July 29, 2022, using the PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, CNKI, ISI web of science, and Medline databases and various combinations of the keywords "moyamoya," "angiogenesis," "anastomotic network," "molecular mechanism," "physiology," "pathophysiology," "pathogenesis," "biomarker," "genetics," "signaling pathway," "blood-brain barrier," "endothelial progenitor cells," "endothelial function," "inflammation," "intracranial hemorrhage," and "stroke." Relevant articles and supplemental basic science articles almost exclusively published in English were included. Review of the reference lists of relevant publications for additional sources resulted in 350 publications which met the study inclusion criteria. Detection of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines in MMA patients suggests the hypothesis of aberrant angiogenesis being involved in MMA pathogenesis. It remains to be ascertained whether these findings are consequences of MMA or are etiological factors of MMA. Conclusions MMA is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising various genotypes and phenotypes, with a complex pathophysiology. Additional research may advance our understanding of the pathophysiology involved in aberrant angiogenesis, arterial stenosis, and the formation of moyamoya collaterals and anastomotic networks. Future research will benefit from researching molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms and the correlation of clinical and basic research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B. Dorschel
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John E. Wanebo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Zhao N, Gao Y, Jia H, Jiang X. Anti-apoptosis effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2023; 28:702-729. [PMID: 36892639 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, one of the leading causes of neurological dysfunction of brain cells, muscle dysfunction, and death, brings great harm and challenges to individual health, families, and society. Blood flow disruption causes decreased glucose and oxygen, insufficient to maintain normal brain tissue metabolism, resulting in intracellular calcium overload, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, and inflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell necrosis, apoptosis, or neurological abnormalities. This paper summarizes the specific mechanism of cell injury that apoptosis triggered by reperfusion after cerebral ischemia, the related proteins involved in apoptosis, and the experimental progress of herbal medicine treatment through searching, analyzing, and summarizing the PubMed and Web Of Science databases, which includes active ingredients of herbal medicine, prescriptions, Chinese patent medicines, and herbal extracts, providing a new target or new strategy for drug treatment, and providing a reference for future experimental directions and using them to develop suitable small molecule drugs for clinical application. With the research of anti-apoptosis as the core, it is important to find highly effective, low toxicity, safe and cheap compounds from natural plants and animals with abundant resources to prevent and treat Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIR) and solve human suffering. In addition, understanding and summarizing the apoptotic mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the microscopic mechanism of CIR treatment, and the cellular pathways involved will help to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhe Gao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Chakraborty B, Byemerwa J, Krebs T, Lim F, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Immune System. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:117-141. [PMID: 35709009 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system functions in a sexually dimorphic manner, with females exhibiting more robust immune responses than males. However, how female sex hormones affect immune function in normal homeostasis and in autoimmunity is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss how estrogens affect innate and adaptive immune cell activity and how dysregulation of estrogen signaling underlies the pathobiology of some autoimmune diseases and cancers. The potential roles of the major circulating estrogens, and each of the 3 estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, and G-protein coupled receptor) in the regulation of the activity of different immune cells are considered. This provides the framework for a discussion of the impact of ER modulators (aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and selective estrogen receptor downregulators) on immunity. Synthesis of this information is timely given the considerable interest of late in defining the mechanistic basis of sex-biased responses/outcomes in patients with different cancers treated with immune checkpoint blockade. It will also be instructive with respect to the further development of ER modulators that modulate immunity in a therapeutically useful manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jovita Byemerwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Taylor Krebs
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Known Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Felicia Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Davis CM, Lyon-Scott K, Varlamov EV, Zhang WH, Alkayed NJ. Role of Endothelial STAT3 in Cerebrovascular Function and Protection from Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12167. [PMID: 36293020 PMCID: PMC9602684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
STAT3 plays a protective role against ischemic brain injury; however, it is not clear which brain cell type mediates this effect, and by which mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that endothelial STAT3 contributes to protection from cerebral ischemia, by preserving cerebrovascular endothelial function and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. The objective of this study was to determine the role of STAT3 in cerebrovascular endothelial cell (EC) survival and function, and its role in tissue outcome after cerebral ischemia. We found that in primary mouse brain microvascular ECs, STAT3 was constitutively active, and its phosphorylation was reduced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), recovering after re-oxygenation. STAT3 inhibition, using two mechanistically different pharmacological inhibitors, increased EC injury after OGD. The sub-lethal inhibition of STAT3 caused endothelial dysfunction, demonstrated by reduced nitric oxide release in response to acetylcholine and reduced barrier function of the endothelial monolayer. Finally, mice with reduced endothelial STAT3 (Tie2-Cre; STAT3flox/wt) sustained larger brain infarcts after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. We conclude that STAT3 is vital to maintaining cerebrovascular integrity, playing a role in EC survival and function, and protection against cerebral ischemia. Endothelial STAT3 may serve as a potential target in preventing endothelial dysfunction after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Kristin Lyon-Scott
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Elena V. Varlamov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Wenri H. Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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9
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STAT3 in medulloblastoma: a key transcriptional regulator and potential therapeutic target. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10635-10652. [PMID: 35716286 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood accounting for about 60% of all pediatric embryonal tumors. Despite improvements in the overall survival rate, this tumor still lacks an efficient, reliable, and less toxic therapeutic approach. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in medulloblastoma initiation and progression is a crucial step for the development of effective therapies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is a convergence point for several signaling cascades that are implicated in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis. Accumulated evidence has revealed the pivotal role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in medulloblastoma pathogenesis such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression as well as maintenance, drug resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we focus on the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis and discuss the recent advances of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition as a promising developed strategy for medulloblastoma therapy.
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Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability, with limited therapeutic options and suboptimal tools for diagnosis and prognosis. High throughput technologies such as proteomics generate large volumes of experimental data at once, thus providing an advanced opportunity to improve the status quo by facilitating identification of novel therapeutic targets and molecular biomarkers. Proteomics studies in animals are largely designed to decipher molecular pathways and targets altered in brain tissue after stroke, whereas studies in human patients primarily focus on biomarker discovery in biofluids and, more recently, in thrombi and extracellular vesicles. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of stroke proteomics studies conducted in both animal and human specimen and present our view on limitations, challenges, and future perspectives in the field. In addition, as a unique resource for the scientific community, we provide extensive lists of all proteins identified in proteomic studies as altered by stroke and perform postanalysis of animal data to reveal stroke-related cellular processes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hochrainer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (K.H.)
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.Y.)
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Amodei R, Jonker SS, Whitler W, Estill CT, Roselli CE. The GnRH Antagonist Degarelix Suppresses Gonadotropin Secretion and Pituitary Sensitivity in Midgestation Sheep Fetuses. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6484550. [PMID: 34958103 PMCID: PMC8760895 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The specific role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on brain sexual differentiation remains unclear. To investigate whether gonadotropin and, in turn, testosterone (T) secretion is regulated by GnRH during the critical period for brain differentiation in sheep fetuses, we attempted to selectively suppress pituitary-testicular activation during midgestation with the long-acting GnRH antagonist degarelix. Fetuses received subcutaneous injections of the antagonist or vehicle on day 62 of gestation. After 2 to 3 weeks we examined consequences of the intervention on baseline and GnRH-stimulated plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and T levels. In addition, we measured the effect of degarelix-treatment on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for the pituitary gonadotropins and key gonadal steroidogenic enzymes. Baseline and GnRH-stimulated plasma LH levels were significantly suppressed in degarelix-treated male and female fetuses compared to control values. Similarly, T concentrations were suppressed in degarelix-treated males. The percentage of LHβ-immunoreactive cells colocalizing c-fos was significantly reduced by degarelix treatment indicating that pituitary sensitivity was inhibited. Degarelix treatment also led to the significant suppression of mRNA expression coding for the pituitary gonadotropin subunits and for the gonadal enzymes involved in androgen synthesis. These findings demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of GnRH early in gestation results in suppression of LH secretion and deficits in the plasma T levels of male lamb fetuses. We conclude that GnRH signaling plays a pivotal role for regulating T exposure during the critical period of sheep gestation when the brain is masculinized. Thus, disturbance to gonadotropin secretion during this phase of gestation could have long-term consequence on adult sexual behaviors and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Amodei
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William Whitler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Charles T Estill
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Charles E Roselli
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Correspondence: Charles E. Roselli, PhD, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry Oregon Health and Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239-3098 USA.
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12
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Liu NQ, Lin Y, Li L, Lu J, Geng D, Zhang J, Jashashvili T, Buser Z, Magallanes J, Tassey J, Shkhyan R, Sarkar A, Lopez N, Lee S, Lee Y, Wang L, Petrigliano FA, Van Handel B, Lyons K, Evseenko D. gp130/STAT3 signaling is required for homeostatic proliferation and anabolism in postnatal growth plate and articular chondrocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:64. [PMID: 35039652 PMCID: PMC8763901 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth of long bones and vertebrae is maintained postnatally by a long-lasting pool of progenitor cells. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the output and maintenance of the cells that give rise to mature cartilage. Here we demonstrate that postnatal chondrocyte-specific deletion of a transcription factor Stat3 results in severely reduced proliferation coupled with increased hypertrophy, growth plate fusion, stunting and signs of progressive dysfunction of the articular cartilage. This effect is dimorphic, with females more strongly affected than males. Chondrocyte-specific deletion of the IL-6 family cytokine receptor gp130, which activates Stat3, phenocopied Stat3-deletion; deletion of Lifr, one of many co-receptors that signals through gp130, resulted in a milder phenotype. These data define a molecular circuit that regulates chondrogenic cell maintenance and output and reveals a pivotal positive function of IL-6 family cytokines in the skeletal system with direct implications for skeletal development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Q. Liu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Yucheng Lin
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006 China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Liangliang Li
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100 China
| | - Jinxiu Lu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Dawei Geng
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Tea Jashashvili
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Zorica Buser
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Jenny Magallanes
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Jade Tassey
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Ruzanna Shkhyan
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Arijita Sarkar
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Noah Lopez
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Siyoung Lee
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Youngjoo Lee
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Liming Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006 China
| | - Frank A. Petrigliano
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Ben Van Handel
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Karen Lyons
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Denis Evseenko
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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13
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Possible involvement of female sex steroid hormones in intracellular signal transduction mediated by cytokines following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:108-119. [PMID: 34838851 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of female sex hormones on the level of intracellular molecules of cytokine signaling pathway after diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Female rats were divided into 10 groups: control, sham, TBI, Vehicle (oil), Vehicle E1 (33.3 µg/kg), E2 (1 mg / kg), P1 (1.7 mg/kg), P2 (8 mg / kg), E2 + P1. All drugs were injected 0.5 h after TBI. Brain edema and the brain levels of P-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, NFκB-P65, P-IκB, and SOCS-3 by immunohistochemistry measured at 24 h after TBI. RESULTS Increased brain edema after TBI was inhibited by different doses of estrogen, progesterone (P < 0.001), and E2 + P1 (P < 0.05). The brain levels of P-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, NFκB-P65, and p-IκBα that increased after TBI was decreased only by E2 (P < 0.05). E2 and E2 + P1 have increased the SOCS-3 level after TBI (P < 0.05). Also, there was a difference between the E2 with E1 and two progesterone doses (P < 0.05). So that in all cases, the effects of E2 were more significant than the other groups. The target cells for these effects of E2 were microglia and astrocytes. CONCLUSION The results indicate that one of the probable mechanism(s) of estrogen anti-inflammatory effect after TBI is either reduction of p-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, p-NFκB-P65, and p-IκBα or increase in SOCS-3 molecules involved in the signaling pathway of inflammatory cytokines.
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Walcheck MT, Matkowskyj KA, Turco A, Blaine-Sauer S, Nukaya M, Noel J, Ronnekleiv OK, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM. Sex-dependent development of Kras-induced anal squamous cell carcinoma in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259245. [PMID: 34735515 PMCID: PMC8568287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) will be diagnosed in an estimated 9,080 adults in the United States this year, and rates have been rising over the last several decades. Most people that develop anal SCC have associated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (~85-95%), with approximately 5-15% of anal SCC cases occurring in HPV-negative patients from unknown etiology. This study identified and characterized the Kras-driven, female sex hormone-dependent development of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the LSL-KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mouse model that is not dependent on papillomavirus infection. One hundred percent of female KC mice develop anal SCC, while no male KC mice develop tumors. Both male and female KC anal tissue express Pdx1 and Cre-recombinase mRNA, and the activated mutant KrasG12D gene. Although the driver gene mutation KrasG12D is present in anus of both sexes, only female KC mice develop Kras-mutant induced anal SCC. To understand the sex-dependent differences, KC male mice were castrated and KC female mice were ovariectomized. Castrated KC males displayed an unchanged phenotype with no anal tumor formation. In contrast, ovariectomized KC females demonstrated a marked reduction in anal SCC development, with only 15% developing anal SCC. Finally, exogenous administration of estrogen rescued the tumor development in ovariectomized KC female mice and induced tumor development in castrated KC males. These results confirm that the anal SCC is estrogen mediated. The delineation of the role of female sex hormones in mediating mutant Kras to drive anal SCC pathogenesis highlights a subtype of anal SCC that is independent of papillomavirus infection. These findings may have clinical applicability for the papillomavirus-negative subset of anal SCC patients that typically respond poorly to standard of care chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan T. Walcheck
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kristina A. Matkowskyj
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Anne Turco
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Simon Blaine-Sauer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Manabu Nukaya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Jessica Noel
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Oline K. Ronnekleiv
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
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15
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Jeremy M, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK, Kharwar RK. Co-treatment of testosterone and estrogen mitigates heat-induced testicular dysfunctions in a rat model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:106011. [PMID: 34688845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The two gonadal steroid hormones, testosterone and estrogen, regulate spermatogenesis by proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of testicular cells. It has been reported that heat stress or increased scrotal temperature impairs spermatogenesis in many mammals. Moreover, testicular heat stress has also been shown to suppress testosterone and estrogen biosynthesis. Furthermore, it is well known that testosterone and estrogen are important for testicular activity. Therefore, we hypothesised that exogenous testosterone and estrogen, alone or in combination, might alleviate the testicular activity in a heat-stressed rat model. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first report of the exogenous treatment of both testosterone and estrogen in the heat-stressed rat. Our results showed that a combined testosterone and estrogen treatment significantly increased sperm concentration. The histopathological analysis also exhibited a normal histoarchitecture in the combined treatment group along with decreased oxidative stress. The improved spermatogenesis in the combined treatment group was also supported by the increase in PCNA, GCNA, tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, and Johnsen score in the combined treatment group. Furthermore, the combined treatment also increased the expression of Bcl2, pStat3, and active caspase-3 and decreased expression of Bax. Thus, increased proliferation, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers, along with improved histology in the combined treatment group suggest that estrogen and testosterone synergistically act to stimulate spermatogenesis by increasing proliferation and differentiation of germ cells and may also remove the heat-induced damaged germ cells by apoptosis. Overall, the final mechanism of testosterone- and estrogen-mediated improvement of testicular activity could be attributed to amelioration of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur, 222 146, India.
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16
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Yun JH, Lee DH, Jeong HS, Kim HS, Ye SK, Cho CH. STAT3 activation in microglia exacerbates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in diabetic brains. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7058-7070. [PMID: 33754353 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by hyperglycemia leads to a variety of complications, including cognitive impairment or memory loss. The hippocampus is a key brain area for learning and memory and is one of the regions that is most sensitive to diabetes. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic neuronal lesion is not yet completely understood. We focused on the association of microglia activation and brain lesions in diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether and how signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in microglia affects neuronal lesions in diabetic brains. Using a streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM model, we showed enhanced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis that was associated with increased STAT3 activation. We found that hyperglycemia increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6, in the diabetic hippocampus. In particular, IFN-γ induced autocrine activation of microglia, and STAT3 activation is important for this process. We also demonstrated that STAT3 activation in microglia increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression; subsequently, TNF-α increased neuronal apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the neuronal cells. We also took advantage of mice lacking STAT3 in microglia and demonstrated that depletion of microglial STAT3 reduced neuronal apoptosis in the diabetic hippocampus. Taken together, these results suggest that STAT3 activation in microglia plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced neuronal apoptosis in the diabetic hippocampus and provide a potential therapeutic benefit of STAT3 inhibition in microglia for preventing diabetic neuronal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hyuk Yun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seok Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Estrogenic bias in T-Lymphocyte biology: Implications for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105606. [PMID: 34119620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gender bias in cardiovascular disease has been extensively documented in epidemiological and clinical studies. Despite this, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these disparities between men and women are poorly understood. It is clear that physiological concentrations of estradiol, such as those present in pre-menopausal women, exert cardioprotective effects that are absent in men or in post-menopausal women. These cardioprotective effects, in part, are due to the estrogen receptor-mediated modulation of the immune system including T-cells. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are widely expressed in different T-cell subsets which are known to play an indispensable role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. Because T-cells can be polarized into several distinct subsets depending on the activation milieu, they can have many different, potentially opposing functions, and it is unclear what roles estrogen receptor signaling may play in mediating these functions. This is further complicated by the discrete and often antagonistic actions of different ERs on T-cell biology which dictate the balance between numerous ER-dependent signaling pathways. While myriad effects of estrogen in T-cells are relevant for many cardiovascular diseases, their widespread effects on several other (patho)physiological systems introduce several obstacles to understanding ER signaling and its precise effects on the immune system. This review aims to provide a more comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of estrogen receptor-mediated modulation of T-cell function, polarization, and cytokine production in the context of cardiovascular disease.
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18
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Gu Y, Chen X, Fu S, Liu W, Wang Q, Liu KJ, Shen J. Astragali Radix Isoflavones Synergistically Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Via Activating Estrogen Receptor-PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:533028. [PMID: 33692686 PMCID: PMC7937971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.533028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are major neuroprotective components of a medicinal herb Astragali Radix, against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury but the mechanisms of neuroprotection remain unclear. Calycosin and formononetin are two major AR isoflavones while daidzein is the metabolite of formononetin after absorption. Herein, we aim to investigate the synergistic neuroprotective effects of those isoflavones of Astragali Radix against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Calycosin, formononetin and daidzein were organized with different combinations whose effects observed in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In the in vitro study, primary cultured neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation (OGD/RO) or l-glutamate treatment. In the in vivo study, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. All three isoflavones pre-treatment alone decreased brain infarct volume and improved neurological deficits in rats, and dose-dependently attenuated neural death induced by l-glutamate treatment and OGD/RO in cultured neurons. Interestingly, the combined formulas of those isoflavones revealed synergistically activated estrogen receptor (estrogen receptors)-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Using ER antagonist and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor blocked the neuroprotective effects of those isoflavones. In conclusion, isoflavones could synergistically alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via activating ER-PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuping Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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19
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ICT1 Promotes Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis via STAT3/BCL-2 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8971728. [PMID: 33585660 PMCID: PMC7853870 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8971728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a familiar malignant bone tumor that occurs mainly in adolescents. Immature colon carcinoma transcript-1 (ICT1) is an important member of the large mitoribosomal subunit in mitochondrial ribosomes, which has been shown to be closely related to tumorigenesis. Its expression and function in OS, however, remained unclear. Here, we showed that ICT1 was significantly upregulated in OS and promoted the growth of OS cells. Mechanistically, ICT1 acted as an oncogene in OS and promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of OS cells through the STAT3/BCL-2 axis. These results reveal a novel insight into the role of the ICT1/STAT3/BCL-2 axis in OS and therefore may represent a novel molecular target for novel treatments.
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20
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Aliena-Valero A, Rius-Pérez S, Baixauli-Martín J, Torregrosa G, Chamorro Á, Pérez S, Salom JB. Uric Acid Neuroprotection Associated to IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway Activation in Rat Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:408-423. [PMID: 32959172 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising neuroprotective effects of uric acid (UA) in acute ischemic stroke, the seemingly pleiotropic underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent evidence points to transcription factors as UA targets. To gain insight into the UA mechanism of action, we investigated its effects on pertinent biomarkers for the most relevant features of ischemic stroke pathophysiology: (1) oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme mRNAs and MDA), (2) neuroinflammation (cytokine and Socs3 mRNAs, STAT3, NF-κB p65, and reactive microglia), (3) brain swelling (Vegfa, Mmp9, and Timp1 mRNAs), and (4) apoptotic cell death (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and TUNEL-positive cells). Adult male Wistar rats underwent intraluminal filament transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and received UA (16 mg/kg) or vehicle (Locke's buffer) i.v. at 20 min reperfusion. The outcome measures were neurofunctional deficit, infarct, and edema. UA treatment reduced cortical infarct and brain edema, as well as neurofunctional impairment. In brain cortex, increased UA: (1) reduced tMCAO-induced increases in Vegfa and Mmp9/Timp1 ratio expressions; (2) induced Sod2 and Cat expressions and reduced MDA levels; (3) induced Il6 expression, upregulated STAT3 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, induced Socs3 expression, and inhibited microglia activation; and (4) ameliorated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induced a reduction in caspase-3 cleavage as well as in TUNEL-positive cell counts. In conclusion, the mechanism for morphological and functional neuroprotection by UA in ischemic stroke is multifaceted, since it is associated to activation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway, attenuation of edematogenic VEGF-A/MMP-9 signaling, and modulation of relevant mediators of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Júlia Baixauli-Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Delayed recanalization after MCAO ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting apoptosis via HGF/c-Met/STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway in rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113359. [PMID: 32428505 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The activation of tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) showed an anti-apoptotic effect in numerous disease models. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of the HGF/c-Met axis-mediated anti-apoptosis underlying the delayed recanalization in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Permanent MCAO model (pMCAO) was induced by intravascular filament insertion. Recanalization was induced by withdrawing the filament at 3 days after MCAO (rMCAO). HGF levels in the blood serum and brain tissue expressions of HGF, c-Met, phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3), STAT3, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3(CC3) were assessed using ELISA and western blot, respectively. To study the mechanism, HGF small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) and c-Met inhibitor, su11274, were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intranasally, respectively. The concentration of HGF in the serum was increased significantly after MCAO. Brain expression of HGF was increased after MCAO and peaked at 3 days after recanalization. HGF and c-Met were both co-localized with neurons. Compared to rats received permanent MCAO, delayed recanalization after MCAO decreased the infarction volume, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and improved neurobehavioral function, increased expressions of p-STAT3 and its downstream Bcl-2. Mechanistic studies indicated that HGF siRNA and su11274 reversed the neuroprotection including anti-apoptotic effects provided by delayed recanalization. In conclusion, the delayed recanalization after MCAO increased the expression of HGF in the brain, and reduced the infarction and neuronal apoptosis after MCAO, partly via the activation of the HGF/c-Met/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. The delayed recanalization may serve as a therapeutic alternative for a subset of ischemic stroke patients.
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22
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Amodei R, Gribbin K, He W, Lindgren I, Corder KR, Jonker SS, Estill CT, Coolen LM, Lehman MN, Whitler W, Stormshak F, Roselli CE. Role for Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B in Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone Secretion in the Fetal Sheep. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa013. [PMID: 32005991 PMCID: PMC7079722 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is active during the critical period for sexual differentiation of the ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus, which occurs between gestational day (GD) 60 and 90. Two possible neuropeptides that could activate the fetal HPG axis are kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB). We used GD85 fetal lambs to determine whether intravenous administration of kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) or senktide (NKB agonist) could elicit luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were employed to localize these peptides in brains of GD60 and GD85 lamb fetuses. In anesthetized fetuses, KP-10 elicited robust release of LH that was accompanied by a delayed rise in serum testosterone in males. Pretreatment with the GnRH receptor antagonist (acyline) abolished the LH response to KP-10, confirming a hypothalamic site of action. In unanesthetized fetuses, senktide, as well as KP-10, elicited LH release. The senktide response of females was greater than that of males, indicating a difference in NKB sensitivity between sexes. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone also induced a greater LH discharge in females than in males, indicating that testosterone negative feedback is mediated through pituitary gonadotrophs. Kisspeptin and NKB immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus were more abundant in females than in males. Greater than 85% of arcuate kisspeptin cells costained for NKB. FISH revealed that the majority of these were kisspeptin/NKB/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons. These results support the hypothesis that kisspeptin-GnRH signaling regulates the reproductive axis of the ovine fetus during the prenatal critical period acting to maintain a stable androgen milieu necessary for brain masculinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Amodei
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kyle Gribbin
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Wen He
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Isa Lindgren
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Keely R Corder
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Charles T Estill
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Michael N Lehman
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - William Whitler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Fred Stormshak
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Charles E Roselli
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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23
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White CL, Jayasekara WSN, Picard D, Chen J, Watkins DN, Cain JE, Remke M, Gough DJ. A Sexually Dimorphic Role for STAT3 in Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111702. [PMID: 31683879 PMCID: PMC6895805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and represents 20% of all pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. While advances in surgery, radiation and chemotherapy have improved overall survival, the lifelong sequelae of these treatments represent a major health care burden and have led to ongoing efforts to find effective targeted treatments. There is a well-recognized male bias in medulloblastoma diagnosis, although the mechanism remains unknown. Herein, we identify a sex-specific role for the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma subgroup. Specific deletion of Stat3 from granule cell precursors in a spontaneous mouse model of SHH medulloblastoma completely protects male, but not female mice from tumor initiation. Segregation of SHH medulloblastoma patients into high and low STAT3 expressing cohorts shows that low STAT3 expression correlates with improved overall survival in male patients. We observe sex specific changes in IL-10 and IL-6 expression and show that IL-6 stimulation enhances SHH-mediated gene transcription in a STAT3-dependent manner. Together these data identify STAT3 as a key molecule underpinning the sexual dimorphism in medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L White
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - W Samantha N Jayasekara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, 45147 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jasmine Chen
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, 45147 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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24
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Peng J, Zuo Y, Huang L, Okada T, Liu S, Zuo G, Zhang G, Tang J, Xia Y, Zhang JH. Activation of GPR30 with G1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis via src/EGFR/stat3 signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in male rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Azcoitia I, Barreto GE, Garcia-Segura LM. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100787. [PMID: 31513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Zhao H, Feng Y, Wei C, Li Y, Ma H, Wang X, Cui Z, Jin WN, Shi FD. Colivelin Rescues Ischemic Neuron and Axons Involving JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2019; 416:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Côté I, Green SM, Yarrow JF, Conover CF, Toklu HZ, Morgan D, Carter CS, Tümer N, Scarpace PJ. Oestradiol and leptin have separate but additive anorexigenic effects and differentially target fat mass in rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12646. [PMID: 30246441 PMCID: PMC6251747 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that male rats exhibit lower hypophagia and body weight loss compared to female rats following central leptin delivery, suggesting a role for oestradiol in leptin responsiveness. Accordingly, we delivered Ob (leptin) or GFP (control) gene into the brain of male rats that were simultaneously treated with oestradiol or vehicle. In a reciprocal approach, we compared oestradiol-deficient (OVX) with intact females (sham) that received leptin or control vector. Changes in food intake), body weight and body composition were examined. In males, oestradiol and leptin resulted in lower cumulative food intake (15%) and endpoint body weight (5%), although rats receiving dual treatment (oestradiol-leptin) ate 28% less and weighed 22% less than vehicle-control. Changes in food intake were unique to each treatment, with a rapid decrease in vehicle-leptin followed by gradual renormalisation. By contrast, hypophagia in oestradiol-control was of lower amplitude and sporadic. Leptin selectively targeted fat mass and endpoint abdominal fat mass was 65%-80% lower compared to their respective control groups. In females, both leptin groups had lower body weight (endpoint values 20% lower than control groups) with the highest extent in sham animals (endpoint value was 28% less in sham-leptin than in sham-control). OVX rats rapidly started regaining their lost body weight reminiscent of the pattern in males. Leptin rapidly and robustly reduced fat mass with endpoint values 30%-35% less than control treated animals. It appears that leptin and oestradiol decreased food intake and body weight via different mechanisms, with the pattern of oestradiol-leptin being reminiscent of that observed in females and the pattern of OVX-leptin reminiscent of that observed in males. Oestrogen status did not influence initial fat mass loss by leptin. It can be concluded that oestradiol modulates the long-term response to central leptin overexpression, although its actions on energy homeostasis are additive and independent of those of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Côté
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Sara M. Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Joshua F. Yarrow
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Malcom Randall, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Christine F. Conover
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Malcom Randall, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Hale Z. Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Philip J. Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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28
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Inhibition of JAK1 by microRNA-708 promotes SH-SY5Y neuronal cell survival after oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 664:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Yao Y, Zhang B, Zhu H, Li H, Han Y, Chen K, Wang Z, Zeng J, Liu Y, Wang X, Li Y, He D, Lin P, Zhou X, Park KH, Bian Z, Chen Z, Gong N, Tan T, Zhou J, Zhang M, Ma J, Zeng C. MG53 permeates through blood-brain barrier to protect ischemic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22474-85. [PMID: 26967557 PMCID: PMC5008374 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic injury to neurons represents the underlying cause of stroke to the brain. Our previous studies identified MG53 as an essential component of the cell membrane repair machinery. Here we show that the recombinant human (rh)MG53 protein facilitates repair of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the brain. MG53 rapidly moves to acute injury sites on neuronal cells to form a membrane repair patch. IR-induced brain injury increases permeability of the blood-brain-barrier, providing access of MG53 from blood circulation to target the injured brain tissues. Exogenous rhMG53 protein can protect cultured neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damages. Transgenic mice with increased levels of MG53 in the bloodstream are resistant to IR-induced brain injury. Intravenous administration of rhMG53, either prior to or after ischemia, can effectively alleviate brain injuries in rats. rhMG53-mediated neuroprotection involves suppression of apoptotic neuronal cell death, as well as activation of the pro-survival RISK signaling pathway. Our data indicate a physiological function for MG53 in the brain and suggest that targeting membrane repair or RISK signaling may be an effective means to treat ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haichang Li
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Duofen He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Peihui Lin
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zehua Bian
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Kansas City University of Medicine & Bioscience, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
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30
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DeMars KM, Pacheco SC, Yang C, Siwarski DM, Candelario-Jalil E. Selective Inhibition of Janus Kinase 3 Has No Impact on Infarct Size or Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Permanent Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Front Neurol 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28790974 PMCID: PMC5524742 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is associated with the common gamma chain of several interleukin (IL) receptors essential to inflammatory signaling. To study the potential role of JAK3 in stroke-induced neuroinflammation, we subjected mice to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and investigated the effects of JAK3 inhibition with decernotinib (VX-509) on infarct size, behavior, and levels of several inflammatory mediators. Results from our double immunofluorescence staining showed JAK3 expression on neurons, endothelial cells, and microglia/macrophages in the ischemic mouse brain (n = 3). We found for the first time that total and phosphorylated/activated JAK3 are dramatically increased after stroke in the ipsilateral hemisphere (**P < 0.01; n = 5–13/group) in addition to increased IL-21 expression after stroke (**P < 0.01; n = 5–7/group). However, inhibition of JAK3 confirmed by reduced phosphorylation of its activation loop at tyrosine residues 980/981 does not reduce infarct volume measured at 48 h after stroke (n = 6–10/group) nor does it alter behavioral outcomes sensitive to neurological deficits or stroke-induced neuroinflammatory response (n = 9–10/group). These results do not support a detrimental role for JAK3 in acute neuroinflammation following permanent focal cerebral ischemia. The functional role of increased JAK3 activation after stroke remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sean C Pacheco
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - David M Siwarski
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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31
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Gao G, Fan H, Zhang X, Zhang F, Wu H, Qi F, Zhao L, Li Y. Neuroprotective effect of G14-humanin on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by activation of SOCS3 – STAT3 – MCL–1 signal transduction pathway in rats. Neurol Res 2017; 39:895-903. [PMID: 28720038 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1352187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Huaihai Fan
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Fusen Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qi
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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32
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Joo E, Fukushima T, Harada N, Reed JC, Matsuzawa SI, Inagaki N. Ubc13 haploinsufficiency protects against age-related insulin resistance and high-fat diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35983. [PMID: 27796312 PMCID: PMC5086849 DOI: 10.1038/srep35983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation that leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and TNF-family cytokine receptor (TNFR) signaling pathways. Ubc13 is an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme responsible for non-canonical K63-linked polyubiquitination of TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-family adapter proteins involved in TLR and TNFR pathways. However, the relationship between Ubc13 and metabolic disease remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Ubc13 in insulin resistance and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We compared wild-type (WT) and Ubc13 haploinsufficient (ubc13+/−) mice under normal diet (ND) and HFD, since homozygous knockout mice (ubc13−/−) are embryonic lethal. Male and female ubc13+/− mice were protected against age-related insulin resistance under ND and HFD compared to WT mice. Interestingly, only female ubc13+/− mice were protected against HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, only female HFD-fed ubc13+/− mice showed lower expression of inflammatory cytokines that was secondary to reduction in weight gain not present in the other groups. In summary, our results indicate that suppression of Ubc13 activity may play a metabolic role independent of its inflammatory function. Thus, Ubc13 could represent a therapeutic target for insulin resistance, diet-induced obesity, and associated metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Joo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toru Fukushima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - John C Reed
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Roche, Pharma Research &Early Development, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shu-Ichi Matsuzawa
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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33
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines against Ischemic Injury in In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5739434. [PMID: 27703487 PMCID: PMC5040804 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5739434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. In the ischemic cascade, resident microglia are rapidly activated in the brain parenchyma and subsequently trigger inflammatory mediator release, which facilitates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in inflammation. Activated leukocytes invade the endothelial cell junctions and destroy the blood-brain barrier integrity, leading to brain edema. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation in microglia/macrophages through the activation of intercellular signaling pathways secretes various proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes and then aggravates cerebral ischemic injury. The secreted cytokines activate the proinflammatory transcription factors, which subsequently regulate cytokine expression, leading to the amplification of the inflammatory response and exacerbation of the secondary brain injury. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, and TCM formulations, exert neuroprotective effects against inflammatory responses by downregulating the following: ischemia-induced microglial activation, microglia/macrophage-mediated cytokine production, proinflammatory enzyme production, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinases, TLR expression, and deleterious transcription factor activation. TCMs also aid in upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and neuroprotective transcription factor activation in the ischemic lesion in the inflammatory cascade during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Thus, TCMs exert potent anti-inflammatory properties in ischemic stroke and warrant further investigation.
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Wang F, Li M, Li X, Kinden R, Zhou H, Guo F, Wang Q, Xiong L. 2-Arachidonylglycerol Protects Primary Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Through a Blockade of NDRG2 Signaling and STAT3 Phosphorylation. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:215-22. [PMID: 26414218 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is expressed in astrocytes, and may be involved in the modulation of gliacyte function in the central nervous system. Our previous study found suppression of NDRG2 up-regulation in reactive astrocytes in cerebral ischemic tolerance. 2-Arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) can induce cerebral ischemic tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of NDRG2 in cytoprotection induced by 2-AG in primary astrocytesis still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of NDRG2 in cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by 2-AG after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in primary astrocytes. The results showed that primary astrocytes exposed to OGD resulted in marked increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and decrease of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) reduction activity in comparison to control cultures. The levels of NDRG2 and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) in the OGD group were comparably higher than those in the control group, and the up-regulation of NDRG2 and pSTAT3 was suppressed in NDRG2 siRNA group. The cell viability in the 2-AG group was higher than that in the OGD group, and transfecting the NDRG2 pSRL-CDH1-GFP vector reversed the protective effects of 2-AG. The levels of NDRG2 and pSTAT3 in the 2-AG group were lower than those in the OGD group. 2-AG suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation by decreased expression of NDRG2. In conclusion, 2-AG protects primary astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation through a blockade of NDRG2 signaling and STAT3 phosphorylation. These findings bring insight to the roles of NDRG2 in ischemic-hypoxic injury and provide novel potential targets for future potent clinical therapies on cerebral ischemia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mo Li
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Renee Kinden
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heng Zhou
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fan Guo
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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The emerging role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 137:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hristova M, Rocha-Ferreira E, Fontana X, Thei L, Buckle R, Christou M, Hompoonsup S, Gostelow N, Raivich G, Peebles D. Inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) reduces neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage. J Neurochem 2016; 136:981-94. [PMID: 26669927 PMCID: PMC4843952 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy is a leading cause of child death, with high mortality and morbidity, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy and cognitive disabilities. Hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) strongly up‐regulates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in the immature brain. Our aim was to establish whether STAT3 up‐regulation is associated with neonatal HI‐brain damage and evaluate the phosphorylated STAT3‐contribution from different cell types in eliciting damage. We subjected postnatal day seven mice to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 60 min hypoxia. Neuronal STAT3‐deletion reduced cell death, tissue loss, microglial and astroglial activation in all brain regions. Astroglia‐specific STAT3‐deletion also reduced cell death, tissue loss and microglial activation, although not as strongly as the deletion in neurons. Systemic pre‐insult STAT3‐blockade at tyrosine 705 (Y705) with JAK2‐inhibitor WP1066 reduced microglial and astroglial activation to a more moderate degree, but in a pattern similar to the one produced by the cell‐specific deletions. Our results suggest that STAT3 is a crucial factor in neonatal HI‐brain damage and its removal in neurons or astrocytes, and, to some extent, inhibition of its phosphorylation via JAK2‐blockade reduces inflammation and tissue loss. Overall, the protective effects of STAT3 inactivation make it a possible target for a therapeutic strategy in neonatal HI.
Current data show that neuronal and astroglial STAT3 molecules are involved in the pathways underlying cell death, tissue loss and gliosis following neonatal hypoxia‐ischaemia, but differ with respect to the target of their effect. Y705‐phosphorylation contributes to hypoxic‐ischaemic histopathology. Protective effects of STAT3 inactivation make it a possible target for a therapeutic strategy in neonatal hypoxia‐ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Hristova
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Xavier Fontana
- Cell Growth and Regeneration Lab, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura Thei
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Rheanan Buckle
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Melina Christou
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Supanida Hompoonsup
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Naomi Gostelow
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Gennadij Raivich
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Donald Peebles
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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Levine J, Kwon E, Paez P, Yan W, Czerwieniec G, Loo JA, Sofroniew MV, Wanner IB. Traumatically injured astrocytes release a proteomic signature modulated by STAT3-dependent cell survival. Glia 2015; 64:668-94. [PMID: 26683444 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers associated with CNS injury are of diagnostic interest. Mechanical trauma generates cellular deformation associated with membrane permeability with unknown molecular consequences. We used an in vitro model of stretch-injury and proteomic analyses to determine protein changes in murine astrocytes and their surrounding fluids. Abrupt pressure-pulse stretching resulted in the rapid release of 59 astrocytic proteins with profiles reflecting cell injury and cell death, i.e., mechanoporation and cell lysis. This acute trauma-release proteome was overrepresented with metabolic proteins compared with the uninjured cellular proteome, bearing relevance for post-traumatic metabolic depression. Astrocyte-specific deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3-CKO) resulted in reduced stretch-injury tolerance, elevated necrosis and increased protein release. Consistent with more lysed cells, more protein complexes, nuclear and transport proteins were released from STAT3-CKO versus nontransgenic astrocytes. STAT3-CKO astrocytes had reduced basal expression of GFAP, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), aldolase C (ALDOC), and astrocytic phosphoprotein 15 (PEA15), and elevated levels of tropomyosin (TPM4) and α actinin 4 (ACTN4). Stretching caused STAT3-dependent cellular depletion of PEA15 and GFAP, and its filament disassembly in subpopulations of injured astrocytes. PEA15 and ALDOC signals were low in injured astrocytes acutely after mouse spinal cord crush injury and were robustly expressed in reactive astrocytes 1 day postinjury. In contrast, α crystallin (CRYAB) was present in acutely injured astrocytes, and absent from uninjured and reactive astrocytes, demonstrating novel marker differences among postinjury astrocytes. These findings reveal a proteomic signature of traumatically-injured astrocytes reflecting STAT3-dependent cellular survival with potential diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn Levine
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunice Kwon
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pablo Paez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weihong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregg Czerwieniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ina-Beate Wanner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Cell-surface receptors provide potential targets for the translation of bench-side findings into therapeutic strategies; however, this approach for the treatment of stroke is disappointing, at least partially due to an incomplete understanding of the targeted factors. Previous studies of oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the gp130 cytokine family, have been limited, as mouse models alone may not strongly resemble the human condition enough. In addition, the precise function of OSM in the CNS remains unclear. Here, we report that human OSM is neuroprotective in vivo and in vitro by recruiting OSMRβ in the setting of ischemic stroke. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrated that decreased neuronal OSMRβ expression results in deteriorated stroke outcomes but that OSMRβ overexpression in neurons is cerebroprotective. Moreover, administering recombinant human OSM to mice before the onset of I/R showed that human OSM can be protective in rodent models of ischemic stroke. Mechanistically, OSM/OSMRβ activate the JAK2/STAT3 prosurvival signaling pathway. Collectively, these data support that human OSM may represent a promising drug candidate for stroke treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT OSM, a member of the gp130 cytokine family, regulates neuronal function and survival. OSM engages a second receptor, either LIFRα or OSMRβ, before recruiting gp130. However, it is not clear whether OSM/OSMRβ signaling is involved in neuroprotection in the setting of ischemic stroke. Recent studies show that, compared with mouse disease models, the OSM receptor system in rats more closely resembles that in humans. In the present study, we use genetic manipulations of OSMRβ in both mouse and rat stroke models to demonstrate that OSMRβ in neurons is critical for neuronal survival during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion. Interestingly, administration of human OSM also leads to improved stroke outcomes. Therefore, OSM may represent a promising drug candidate for stroke treatment.
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Estrogen accelerates the resolution of inflammation in macrophagic cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15224. [PMID: 26477569 PMCID: PMC4609992 DOI: 10.1038/srep15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 17β-estradiol (E2) anti-inflammatory activity has been well described, very little is known about the effects of this hormone on the resolution phase of the inflammatory process. Here, we identified a previously unreported ERα-mediated effect of E2 on the inflammatory machinery. The study showed that the activation of the intracellular estrogen receptor shortens the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory phase and, by influencing the intrinsic and extrinsic programs, triggers the resolution of inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Through the regulation of the SOCS3 and STAT3 signaling pathways, E2 facilitates the progression of the inflammatory process toward the IL10-dependent “acquired deactivation” phenotype, which is responsible for tissue remodeling and the restoration of homeostatic conditions. The present study may provide an explanation for increased susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases in women after menopause, and it suggests novel anti-inflammatory treatments for such disorders.
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Hoffmann CJ, Harms U, Rex A, Szulzewsky F, Wolf SA, Grittner U, Lättig-Tünnemann G, Sendtner M, Kettenmann H, Dirnagl U, Endres M, Harms C. Vascular Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 Promotes Angiogenesis and Neuroplasticity Long-Term After Stroke. Circulation 2015; 131:1772-82. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Poststroke angiogenesis contributes to long-term recovery after stroke. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) is a key regulator for various inflammatory signals and angiogenesis. It was the aim of this study to determine its function in poststroke outcome.
Methods and Results—
We generated a tamoxifen-inducible and endothelial-specific Stat3 knockout mouse model by crossbreeding Stat3
floxed/KO
and Tie2-Cre
ERT2
mice. Cerebral ischemia was induced by 30 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. We demonstrated that endothelial Stat3 ablation did not alter lesion size 2 days after ischemia but did worsen functional outcome at 14 days and increase lesion size at 28 days. At this late time point vascular Stat3 expression and phosphorylation were still increased in wild-type mice. Gene array analysis of a CD31-enriched cell population of the neurovascular niche showed that endothelial Stat3 ablation led to a shift toward an antiangiogenic and axon growth-inhibiting micromilieu after stroke, with an increased expression of Adamts9. Remodeling and glycosylation of the extracellular matrix and microglia proliferation were increased, whereas angiogenesis was reduced.
Conclusions—
Endothelial Stat3 regulates angiogenesis, axon growth, and extracellular matrix remodeling and is essential for long-term recovery after stroke. It might serve as a potent target for stroke treatment after the acute phase by fostering angiogenesis and neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J. Hoffmann
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Ulrike Harms
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Andre Rex
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Susanne A. Wolf
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Gisela Lättig-Tünnemann
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Michael Sendtner
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Matthias Endres
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
| | - Christoph Harms
- From Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.J.H., U.H., A.R., U.G., G.L-T., U.D., M.E., C.H.) and Department of Neurology (C.J.H., U.H., M.E., C.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (F.S., S.A.W., H.K.); Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.S.); Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (H.K., U.D., M.E.); and German Center for
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Arevalo MA, Azcoitia I, Garcia-Segura LM. The neuroprotective actions of oestradiol and oestrogen receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 16:17-29. [PMID: 25423896 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hormones regulate homeostasis by communicating through the bloodstream to the body's organs, including the brain. As homeostatic regulators of brain function, some hormones exert neuroprotective actions. This is the case for the ovarian hormone 17β-oestradiol, which signals through oestrogen receptors (ERs) that are widely distributed in the male and female brain. Recent discoveries have shown that oestradiol is not only a reproductive hormone but also a brain-derived neuroprotective factor in males and females and that ERs coordinate multiple signalling mechanisms that protect the brain from neurodegenerative diseases, affective disorders and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
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Liu X, Williams PR, He Z. SOCS3: a common target for neuronal protection and axon regeneration after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:364-7. [PMID: 25446722 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital of Boston, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip R Williams
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital of Boston, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital of Boston, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Davis CM, Fairbanks SL, Alkayed NJ. Mechanism of the sex difference in endothelial dysfunction after stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 4:381-9. [PMID: 23853671 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, the number four cause of death in the United States, is a greatly debilitating event resulting from insufficient blood supply to the brain (cerebral ischemia). Endothelial dysfunction, primarily characterized by dampened endothelial- dependent vasodilation, is a major contributor to the development and outcome of stroke. This review discusses the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for the degradation of vasoprotective eicosatrienoic acids (EETs), in the context of the cerebral vasculature and its contribution to the sexual dimorphic nature of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Cerebrovascular Research Division, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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Reducing Effect of IL-32α in the Development of Stroke Through Blocking of NF-κB, but Enhancement of STAT3 Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:648-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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The Effects of Fludarabine on Rat Cerebral Ischemia. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:289-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Kang N, Zhang N, Wang H, Xue J, Yu J, Yang Y, Cui H, Cui L, Wang L, Wang X. Diosmin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through activating JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in mice. Neuroscience 2014; 268:318-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ström JO, Ingberg E. Impact of methodology on estrogens' effects on cerebral ischemia in rats: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:22. [PMID: 24495535 PMCID: PMC3975994 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although most animal stroke studies have demonstrated potent neuroprotective effects of estrogens, there are a number of articles reporting the opposite. In 2009, we made the case that this dichotomy was related to administered estrogen dose. Several other suggestions for the discordant results have also been propagated, including the age of the experimental animals and the length of hypoestrogenicity prior to estrogen administration. These two suggestions have gained much popularity, probably because of their kinship with the window of opportunity hypothesis, which is commonly used to explain the analogous dichotomy among human studies. We were therefore encouraged to perform an updated meta-analysis, and to improve it by including all relevant variables in a large multiple regression model, where the impact of confounders could be controlled for. Results The multiple regression model revealed an indisputable impact of estrogen administration mode on the effects of estrogens in ischemic stroke. Subcutaneous slow-release pellets differed from the injection and silastic capsule treatments in terms of impact of estrogens on ischemic stroke, showing that the first mentioned were more prone to render estrogens damaging. Neither the use of elderly animals nor the adoption of longer wash-out periods influenced estrogens’ effects on experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Conclusions We conclude that the discordant results regarding estrogens’ effects in rat models of ischemic stroke are a consequence of differences in estrogen administration modes. These results are not only of importance for the ongoing debate regarding menopausal hormone therapy, but also have an important bearing on experimental stroke methodology and the apparent translational roadblock for suggested stroke interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Vårdvetenskapligt Forskningscentrum/Centre for Health Sciences, Örebro University Hospital, County Council of Örebro, Örebro SE-703 62, Sweden.
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Zhang S, Morrison JL, Gill A, Rattanatray L, MacLaughlin SM, Kleemann D, Walker SK, McMillen IC. Maternal dietary restriction during the periconceptional period in normal-weight or obese ewes results in adrenocortical hypertrophy, an up-regulation of the JAK/STAT and down-regulation of the IGF1R signaling pathways in the adrenal of the postnatal lamb. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4650-62. [PMID: 24108072 PMCID: PMC3836080 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Maternal dietary restriction during the periconceptional period results in an increase in adrenal growth and in the cortisol stress response in the offspring. The intraadrenal mechanisms that result in the programming of these changes are not clear. Activation of the IGF and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) pathways regulate adrenal growth. We have used an embryo transfer model in sheep to investigate the impact of exposure to either dietary restriction in normal or obese mothers or to maternal obesity during the periconceptional period on adrenal growth and function in the offspring. We assessed the adrenal abundance of key signaling molecules in the IGF-I and Janus kinase/STAT/SOCS pathways including IGF-I receptor, IGF-II receptor, Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, SOCS1, and SOCS3 in female and male postnatal lambs. Maternal dietary restriction in the periconceptional period resulted in the hypertrophy of the adrenocortical cells in the zona fasciculata-reticularis and an up-regulation in STAT1, phospho-STAT1, and phospho-STAT3 (Ser727) abundance and a down-regulation in IGF-I receptor, Akt, and phospho-Akt abundance in the adrenal cortex of the postnatal lamb. These studies highlight that weight loss around the time of conception, independent of the starting maternal body weight, results in the activation of the adrenal Janus kinase/STAT pathway and adrenocortical hypertrophy. Thus, signals of adversity around the time of conception have a long-term impact on the mechanisms that regulate adrenocortical growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- The Chancellery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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Murase S, McKay RD. Neuronal activity-dependent STAT3 localization to nucleus is dependent on Tyr-705 and Ser-727 phosphorylation in rat hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 39:557-65. [PMID: 24199834 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dramatically increases during the first post-natal week, and supports the survival of mature hippocampal neurons. Recently, we reported that chronic elevation of excitability leads to a loss of STAT3 signal, inducing vulnerability in neurons. The loss of STAT3 signal was due to impaired Erk1/2 activation. While overnight elevation of activity attenuated STAT3 signal, brief low-frequency stimuli, which induce long-term depression, have been shown to activate STAT3. Here we investigated how STAT3 responds to depolarization in mature neurons. A brief depolarization results in the transient activation of STAT3: it induces calcium influx through L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, which triggers activation of Src family kinases. Src family kinases are required for phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr-705 and Ser-727. PTyr-705 is Janus kinase (JAK)-dependent, while PSer-727 is dependent on Akt, the Ser/Thr kinase. Both PTyr-705 and PSer-727 are necessary for nuclear translocation of STAT3 in these neurons. Chronic elevation of spontaneous activity by an A-type potassium blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), also induced the transient phosphorylation of STAT3, which after 4 h fell to basal levels despite the presence of 4-AP. These results suggest that phasic and chronic neuronal activation induce distinct molecular pathways, resulting in opposing regulation of STAT3 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Murase
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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