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Okumura M, Sekiguchi K, Okamoto T, Saika R, Maki H, Sato W, Sato N, Yamamura T, Takahashi Y. 'Grasshopper sign': the novel imaging of post-COVID-19 myelopathy with delayed longitudinal white matter abnormalities. BMJ Neurol Open 2024; 6:e000730. [PMID: 38884066 PMCID: PMC11177679 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2024-000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, there have been a few reports of atypical post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) myelopathy manifesting tract-specific lesions similar to those due to vitamin B12 deficiency. However, the precise characteristics of imaging or clinical course remain not well understood. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical and imaging characteristics of four patients who were referred to our hospital with a unique post-COVID-19 myelopathy was performed. Results Four-to-six weeks following COVID-19 infection in the summer of 2023, four middle-aged men developed paraparesis, hypo/dysesthesia and bladder/bowel disturbance, suggesting myelopathy. Although spinal MRI showed no abnormalities in the early stages, tract-specific longitudinal lesions along the dorsal and lateral columns became apparent as the symptoms progressed. Owing to the lack of MRI findings at the early stage, all cases were challenging to diagnose. However, the patients remained partially responsive to aggressive immunosuppressive therapies, even in the advanced stage. Discussion We termed these tract-specific longitudinal lesions in the presented case series 'Grasshopper sign' because brain coronal and spine axial MRI findings looked like a grasshopper's antennae and face. Early identification of the characteristic MRI abnormality could allow for early intervention using intensive immunosuppressive therapy, which could improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okumura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sekiguchi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Saika
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maki
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakiro Sato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Nuclear Envelope Proteins in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2024; 102:e209202. [PMID: 38330281 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
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3
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Neri I, Ramazzotti G, Mongiorgi S, Rusciano I, Bugiani M, Conti L, Cousin M, Giorgio E, Padiath QS, Vaula G, Cortelli P, Manzoli L, Ratti S. Understanding the Ultra-Rare Disease Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy: an Updated Review on Morpho-Functional Alterations Found in Experimental Models. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6362-6372. [PMID: 37450245 PMCID: PMC10533580 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is an ultra-rare, slowly progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder associated with the loss of white matter in the central nervous system (CNS). Several years after its first clinical description, ADLD was found to be caused by coding and non-coding variants in the LMNB1 gene that cause its overexpression in at least the brain of patients. LMNB1 encodes for Lamin B1, a protein of the nuclear lamina. Lamin B1 regulates many cellular processes such as DNA replication, chromatin organization, and senescence. However, its functions have not been fully characterized yet. Nevertheless, Lamin B1 together with the other lamins that constitute the nuclear lamina has firstly the key role of maintaining the nuclear structure. Being the nucleus a dynamic system subject to both biochemical and mechanical regulation, it is conceivable that changes to its structural homeostasis might translate into functional alterations. Under this light, this review aims at describing the pieces of evidence that to date have been obtained regarding the effects of LMNB1 overexpression on cellular morphology and functionality. Moreover, we suggest that further investigation on ADLD morpho-functional consequences is essential to better understand this complex disease and, possibly, other neurological disorders affecting CNS myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Neri
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Università Degli Studi Di Trento, 38123, Povo-Trento, Italy
| | - Margot Cousin
- Center for Individualized Medicine and Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Quasar S Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Giovanna Vaula
- Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS, Istituto Di Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 , Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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4
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Koufi FD, Neri I, Ramazzotti G, Rusciano I, Mongiorgi S, Marvi MV, Fazio A, Shin M, Kosodo Y, Cani I, Giorgio E, Cortelli P, Manzoli L, Ratti S. Lamin B1 as a key modulator of the developing and aging brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1263310. [PMID: 37720548 PMCID: PMC10501396 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1263310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin B1 is an essential protein of the nuclear lamina that plays a crucial role in nuclear function and organization. It has been demonstrated that lamin B1 is essential for organogenesis and particularly brain development. The important role of lamin B1 in physiological brain development and aging has only recently been at the epicenter of attention and is yet to be fully elucidated. Regarding the development of brain, glial cells that have long been considered as supporting cells to neurons have overturned this representation and current findings have displayed their active roles in neurogenesis and cerebral development. Although lamin B1 has increased levels during the differentiation of the brain cells, during aging these levels drop leading to senescent phenotypes and inciting neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, overexpression of lamin B1 leads to the adult-onset neurodegenerative disease known as Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy. This review aims at highlighting the importance of balancing lamin B1 levels in glial cells and neurons from brain development to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini-Dionysia Koufi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Neri
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Minkyung Shin
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoichi Kosodo
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilaria Cani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Anatomy Centre, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Pruvost M, Patzig J, Yattah C, Selcen I, Hernandez M, Park HJ, Moyon S, Liu S, Morioka MS, Shopland L, Al-Dalahmah O, Bendl J, Fullard JF, Roussos P, Goldman J, He Y, Dupree JL, Casaccia P. The stability of the myelinating oligodendrocyte transcriptome is regulated by the nuclear lamina. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112848. [PMID: 37515770 PMCID: PMC10600948 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are specialized cells that insulate and support axons with their myelin membrane, allowing proper brain function. Here, we identify lamin A/C (LMNA/C) as essential for transcriptional and functional stability of myelinating oligodendrocytes. We show that LMNA/C levels increase with differentiation of progenitors and that loss of Lmna in differentiated oligodendrocytes profoundly alters their chromatin accessibility and transcriptional signature. Lmna deletion in myelinating glia is compatible with normal developmental myelination. However, altered chromatin accessibility is detected in fully differentiated oligodendrocytes together with increased expression of progenitor genes and decreased levels of lipid-related transcription factors and inner mitochondrial membrane transcripts. These changes are accompanied by altered brain metabolism, lower levels of myelin-related lipids, and altered mitochondrial structure in oligodendrocytes, thereby resulting in myelin thinning and the development of a progressively worsening motor phenotype. Overall, our data identify LMNA/C as essential for maintaining the transcriptional and functional stability of myelinating oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pruvost
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Julia Patzig
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Camila Yattah
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ipek Selcen
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marylens Hernandez
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Shibo Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; Structural Biology Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Malia S Morioka
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; Macaulay Honors College, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Lindsay Shopland
- Jackson Laboratory, 1650 Santa Ana Ave, Sacramento, CA 95835, USA
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Division of Neuropathology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - James Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Division of Neuropathology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ye He
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; Macaulay Honors College, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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6
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Nmezi B, Bey GR, Oranburg TD, Dudnyk K, Lardo SM, Herdman N, Jacko A, Rubio S, Alcocer EL, Kofler J, Kim D, Rankin J, Kivuva E, Gutowski N, Schon K, van den Ameele J, Chinnery PF, Sousa SB, Palavra F, Toro C, Pinto E Vairo F, Saute J, Pan L, Alturkustani M, Hammond R, Gros-Louis F, Gold M, Park Y, Bernard G, Raininko R, Zhou J, Hainer SJ, Padiath QS. An oligodendrocyte silencer element underlies the pathogenic impact of lamin B1 structural variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.551473. [PMID: 37609196 PMCID: PMC10441294 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-coding regulatory elements and how they might contribute to tissue type specificity of disease phenotypes is poorly understood. Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a fatal, adult-onset, neurological disorder that is characterized by extensive CNS demyelination. Most cases of ADLD are caused by tandem genomic duplications involving the lamin B1 gene ( LMNB1 ) while a small subset are caused by genomic deletions upstream of the gene. Utilizing data from recently identified families that carry LMNB1 gene duplications but do not exhibit demyelination, ADLD patient tissues, CRISPR modified cell lines and mouse models, we have identified a novel silencer element that is lost in ADLD patients and that specifically targets overexpression to oligodendrocytes. This element consists of CTCF binding sites that mediate three-dimensional chromatin looping involving the LMNB1 and the recruitment of the PRC2 repressor complex. Loss of the silencer element in ADLD identifies a previously unknown role for silencer elements in tissue specificity and disease causation.
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7
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Pennarun G, Picotto J, Bertrand P. Close Ties between the Nuclear Envelope and Mammalian Telomeres: Give Me Shelter. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040775. [PMID: 37107534 PMCID: PMC10137478 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) in eukaryotic cells is essential to provide a protective compartment for the genome. Beside its role in connecting the nucleus with the cytoplasm, the NE has numerous important functions including chromatin organization, DNA replication and repair. NE alterations have been linked to different human diseases, such as laminopathies, and are a hallmark of cancer cells. Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, are crucial for preserving genome stability. Their maintenance involves specific telomeric proteins, repair proteins and several additional factors, including NE proteins. Links between telomere maintenance and the NE have been well established in yeast, in which telomere tethering to the NE is critical for their preservation and beyond. For a long time, in mammalian cells, except during meiosis, telomeres were thought to be randomly localized throughout the nucleus, but recent advances have uncovered close ties between mammalian telomeres and the NE that play important roles for maintaining genome integrity. In this review, we will summarize these connections, with a special focus on telomere dynamics and the nuclear lamina, one of the main NE components, and discuss the evolutionary conservation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Pennarun
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Picotto
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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8
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Selcen I, Prentice E, Casaccia P. The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:24-41. [PMID: 36740586 PMCID: PMC10085863 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells refers to the cell-specific modifications of DNA, chromatin, and RNA that define a unique gene expression pattern of functionally specialized cells. Here, we focus on the epigenetic changes occurring as progenitors differentiate into myelin-forming cells and respond to the local environment. First, modifications of DNA, RNA, nucleosomal histones, key principles of chromatin organization, topologically associating domains, and local remodeling will be reviewed. Then, the relationship between epigenetic modulators and RNA processing will be explored. Finally, the reciprocal relationship between the epigenome as a determinant of the mechanical properties of cell nuclei and the target of mechanotransduction will be discussed. The overall goal is to provide an interpretative key on how epigenetic changes may account for the heterogeneity of the transcriptional profiles identified in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Selcen
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Prentice
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Wei X, Murphy MA, Reddy NA, Hao Y, Eggertsen TG, Saucerman JJ, Bochkis IM. Redistribution of lamina-associated domains reshapes binding of pioneer factor FOXA2 in development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Genome Res 2022; 32:1981-1992. [PMID: 36522168 PMCID: PMC9808618 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277149.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the elderly, impacting 40% of individuals over 70. Regulation of heterochromatin at the nuclear lamina has been associated with aging and age-dependent metabolic changes. We previously showed that changes at the lamina in aged hepatocytes and laminopathy models lead to redistribution of lamina-associated domains (LADs), opening of repressed chromatin, and up-regulation of genes regulating lipid synthesis and storage, culminating in fatty liver. Here, we test the hypothesis that change in the expression of lamina-associated proteins and nuclear shape leads to redistribution of LADs, followed by altered binding of pioneer factor FOXA2 and by up-regulation of lipid synthesis and storage, culminating in steatosis in younger NAFLD patients (aged 21-51). Changes in nuclear morphology alter LAD partitioning and reduced lamin B1 signal correlate with increased FOXA2 binding before severe steatosis in young mice placed on a western diet. Nuclear shape is also changed in younger NAFLD patients. LADs are redistrubted and lamin B1 signal decreases similarly in mild and severe steatosis. In contrast, FOXA2 binding is similar in normal and NAFLD patients with moderate steatosis and is repositioned only in NAFLD patients with more severe lipid accumulation. Hence, changes at the nuclear lamina reshape FOXA2 binding with progression of the disease. Our results suggest a role for nuclear lamina in etiology of NAFLD, irrespective of aging, with potential for improved stratification of patients and novel treatments aimed at restoring nuclear lamina function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Megan A Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Nihal A Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Taylor G Eggertsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Irina M Bochkis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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10
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Nowacki JC, Fields AM, Fu MM. Emerging cellular themes in leukodystrophies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902261. [PMID: 36003149 PMCID: PMC9393611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a broad spectrum of neurological disorders that are characterized primarily by deficiencies in myelin formation. Clinical manifestations of leukodystrophies usually appear during childhood and common symptoms include lack of motor coordination, difficulty with or loss of ambulation, issues with vision and/or hearing, cognitive decline, regression in speech skills, and even seizures. Many cases of leukodystrophy can be attributed to genetic mutations, but they have diverse inheritance patterns (e.g., autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked) and some arise from de novo mutations. In this review, we provide an updated overview of 35 types of leukodystrophies and focus on cellular mechanisms that may underlie these disorders. We find common themes in specialized functions in oligodendrocytes, which are specialized producers of membranes and myelin lipids. These mechanisms include myelin protein defects, lipid processing and peroxisome dysfunction, transcriptional and translational dysregulation, disruptions in cytoskeletal organization, and cell junction defects. In addition, non-cell-autonomous factors in astrocytes and microglia, such as autoimmune reactivity, and intercellular communication, may also play a role in leukodystrophy onset. We hope that highlighting these themes in cellular dysfunction in leukodystrophies may yield conceptual insights on future therapeutic approaches.
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11
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Kamikawa Y, Saito A, Imaizumi K. Impact of Nuclear Envelope Stress on Physiological and Pathological Processes in Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2478-2487. [PMID: 35486254 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) separates genomic DNA from the cytoplasm and provides the molecular platforms for nucleocytoplasmic transport, higher-order chromatin organization, and physical links between the nucleus and cytoskeleton. Recent studies have shown that the NE is often damaged by various stresses termed "NE stress", leading to critical cellular dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has revealed the crucial roles of NE stress in the pathology of a broad spectrum of diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), NE dysfunction impairs neural development and is associated with several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and autosomal dominant leukodystrophy. In this review, the structure and functions of the NE are summarized, and the concepts of NE stress and NE stress responses are introduced. Additionally, the significant roles of the NE in the development of CNS and the mechanistic connections between NE stress and neurological disorders are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunao Kamikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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12
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Tian W, Hao X, Nie R, Ling Y, Zhang B, Zhang H, Wu C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Mechanism of Long Non-Coding RNAs during Abdominal Preadipocyte Adipogenic Differentiation in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1099. [PMID: 35565526 PMCID: PMC9101879 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in mammalian adipogenesis and obesity. However, their genome-wide distribution, expression profiles, and regulatory mechanisms during chicken adipogenesis remain rarely understood. In the present study, lncRNAs associated with adipogenesis were identified from chicken abdominal adipocytes at multiple differentiation stages using Ribo-Zero RNA-seq. A total of 15,179 lncRNAs were identified and characterized by stage-specific expression patterns. Of these, 840 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected, and their cis- and trans-target genes were significantly enriched in multiple lipid-related pathways. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and time-series expression profile clustering analysis, 14 key lncRNAs were identified as candidate regulatory lncRNAs in chicken adipogenic differentiation. The cis- and trans-regulatory interactions of key lncRNAs were constructed based on their differentially expressed cis- and trans-target genes, respectively. We also constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network based on the key lncRNAs, differentially expressed miRNAs, and differentially expressed mRNAs. MSTRG.25116.1 was identified as a potential regulator of chicken abdominal preadipocyte adipogenic differentiation by acting as a transcriptional trans-regulator of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene expression and/or a ceRNA that post-transcriptionally mediates FAAH gene expression by sponging gga-miR-1635.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.T.); (X.H.); (R.N.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.T.); (X.H.); (R.N.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
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13
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Peng Y, Tang Q, Xiao F, Fu N. Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Lamin in Mutation-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820857. [PMID: 35281936 PMCID: PMC8914069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins, known as type 5 intermediate fibers, are composed of lamin A, lamin C, lamin B1, and lamin B2, which are encoded by LMNA and LMNB genes, respectively. Importantly, mutations in nuclear lamins not only participate in lipid disorders but also in the human diseases, such as lipodystrophy, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Among those diseases, the mechanism of lamin has been widely discussed. Thereby, this review mainly focuses on the regulatory mechanism of the mutations in the lamin gene in lipid alterations and the human diseases. Considering the protean actions, targeting nuclear lamins may be a potent therapeutic avenue for lipid metabolic disorders and human diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
| | - Qianyu Tang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nian Fu, ; Fan Xiao,
| | - Nian Fu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nian Fu, ; Fan Xiao,
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14
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Evangelisti C, Rusciano I, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Lattanzi G, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Ratti S. The wide and growing range of lamin B-related diseases: from laminopathies to cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:126. [PMID: 35132494 PMCID: PMC8821503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B-type lamins are fundamental components of the nuclear lamina, a complex structure that acts as a scaffold for organization and function of the nucleus. Lamin B1 and B2, the most represented isoforms, are encoded by LMNB1 and LMNB2 gene, respectively. All B-type lamins are synthesized as precursors and undergo sequential post-translational modifications to generate the mature protein. B-type lamins are involved in a wide range of nuclear functions, including DNA replication and repair, regulation of chromatin and nuclear stiffness. Moreover, lamins B1 and B2 regulate several cellular processes, such as tissue development, cell cycle, cellular proliferation, senescence, and DNA damage response. During embryogenesis, B-type lamins are essential for organogenesis, in particular for brain development. As expected from the numerous and pivotal functions of B-type lamins, mutations in their genes or fluctuations in their expression levels are critical for the onset of several diseases. Indeed, a growing range of human disorders have been linked to lamin B1 or B2, increasing the complexity of the group of diseases collectively known as laminopathies. This review highlights the recent findings on the biological role of B-type lamins under physiological or pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on brain disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Evangelisti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Bijarnia-Mahay S, Roy G, Padiath QS, Saxena R, Verma IC. LMNB1 Duplication-Mediated Autosomal Dominant Adult-Onset Leukodystrophy in an Indian Family. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:413-416. [PMID: 34447008 PMCID: PMC8370147 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_1262_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy is an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder presenting with progressive symptoms of ataxia and autonomic dysfunction in fourth or fifth decade in life. It has clinical similarity with multiple sclerosis, but shows characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of diffuse bilaterally symmetrical leukodystrophy which can distinguish this disorder. It is a rare disorder with no known treatment till date, and has never been described from the Indian subcontinent. We present an Indian family with autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy with multiple members affected over four generations, and demonstrate a cheap and accurate molecular method of real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the LMNB1 gene duplication, which is the genetic basis of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Bijarnia-Mahay
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Roy
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Quasar S Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar Chander Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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16
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Larochelle C, Wasser B, Jamann H, Löffel JT, Cui QL, Tastet O, Schillner M, Luchtman D, Birkenstock J, Stroh A, Antel J, Bittner S, Zipp F. Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 directly harms oligodendrocytes in neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021. [PMID: 34417310 DOI: 10.1071/pnas.2025813118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells are considered to contribute to inflammatory mechanisms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the discussion persists regarding their true role in patients. Here, we visualized central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory processes in models of MS live in vivo and in MS brains and discovered that CNS-infiltrating Th17 cells form prolonged stable contact with oligodendrocytes. Strikingly, compared to Th2 cells, direct contact with Th17 worsened experimental demyelination, caused damage to human oligodendrocyte processes, and increased cell death. Importantly, we found that in comparison to Th2 cells, both human and murine Th17 cells express higher levels of the integrin CD29, which is linked to glutamate release pathways. Of note, contact of human Th17 cells with oligodendrocytes triggered release of glutamate, which induced cell stress and changes in biosynthesis of cholesterol and lipids, as revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Finally, exposure to glutamate decreased myelination, whereas blockade of CD29 preserved oligodendrocyte processes from Th17-mediated injury. Our data provide evidence for the direct and deleterious attack of Th17 cells on the myelin compartment and show the potential for therapeutic opportunities in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; .,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Neurosciences, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Beatrice Wasser
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Neurosciences, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Julian T Löffel
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Neurosciences, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Miriam Schillner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Luchtman
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jérôme Birkenstock
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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17
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Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells are considered to contribute to inflammatory mechanisms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the discussion persists regarding their true role in patients. Here, we visualized central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory processes in models of MS live in vivo and in MS brains and discovered that CNS-infiltrating Th17 cells form prolonged stable contact with oligodendrocytes. Strikingly, compared to Th2 cells, direct contact with Th17 worsened experimental demyelination, caused damage to human oligodendrocyte processes, and increased cell death. Importantly, we found that in comparison to Th2 cells, both human and murine Th17 cells express higher levels of the integrin CD29, which is linked to glutamate release pathways. Of note, contact of human Th17 cells with oligodendrocytes triggered release of glutamate, which induced cell stress and changes in biosynthesis of cholesterol and lipids, as revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Finally, exposure to glutamate decreased myelination, whereas blockade of CD29 preserved oligodendrocyte processes from Th17-mediated injury. Our data provide evidence for the direct and deleterious attack of Th17 cells on the myelin compartment and show the potential for therapeutic opportunities in MS.
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18
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Zhou D, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang K, Zhao M, Wang Y, Wang X, Yu R, Zhou X. Screening and identification of LMNB1 and DLGAP5, two key biomarkers in gliomas. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210231. [PMID: 33956061 PMCID: PMC8144940 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary cancer in the central nervous system. Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy over the past decades, the prognosis of glioblastoma patients remains poor. We aim to identify robust gene signatures to better understand the complex molecular mechanisms and to discover potential novel molecular biomarkers for glioma. By exploring GSE16011, GSE4290 and GSE50161 data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we screened out 380 differentially expressed genes between non-tumor and glioma tissues, and further selected 30 hub genes through the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in in Cytoscape. In addition, LMNB1 and DLGAP5 were selected for further analyses due to their high expression in gliomas and were verified by using our cohort. Our study confirmed that LMNB1 and DLGAP5 were up-regulated in gliomas, and patients with high expression of LMNB1 or DLGAP5 had poor survival rate. Furthermore, silence of LMNB1 and DLGAP5 inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells. Together, LMNB1 and DLGAP5 were two potentially novel molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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19
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Sferra A, Fortugno P, Motta M, Aiello C, Petrini S, Ciolfi A, Cipressa F, Moroni I, Leuzzi V, Pieroni L, Marini F, Boespflug Tanguy O, Eymard-Pierre E, Danti FR, Compagnucci C, Zambruno G, Brusco A, Santorelli FM, Chiapparini L, Francalanci P, Loizzo AL, Tartaglia M, Cestra G, Bertini E. Biallelic mutations in RNF220 cause laminopathies featuring leukodystrophy, ataxia and deafness. Brain 2021; 144:3020-3035. [PMID: 33964137 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of rare inherited disorders that involve preferentially the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). These conditions are characterized by a primary glial cell and myelin sheath pathology of variable etiology, which causes secondary axonal degeneration, generally emerging with disease progression. Whole exome sequencing performed in 5 large consanguineous nuclear families allowed to identify homozygosity for two recurrent missense variants affecting highly conserved residues of RNF220 as the causative event underlying a novel form of leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness. We report on two homozygous missense variants (p.R363Q and p.R365Q) in the ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 as the cause underlying a novel form of leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness having fibrotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopathy as associated features, in seven consanguineous families. Mass spectrometry analysis identified lamin B1 as RNF220 binding protein and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated reduced binding of both RNF220 mutants to lamin B1. We demonstrate that RNF220 silencing in Drosophila melanogaster specifically affects proper localization of lamin Dm0, the fly lamin B1 orthologue, promotes its aggregation, and causes a neurodegenerative phenotype, strongly supporting the functional link between RNF220 and lamin B1. Finally, we demonstrate that RNF220 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of nuclear morphology: mutations primary skin fibroblasts determine nuclear abnormalities such as blebs, herniations and invaginations, which are typically observed in cells of patients affected by laminopathies. Overall, our data identify RNF220 as a gene implicated in leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness, and document a critical role of RNF220 in the regulation of nuclear lamina. Our findings provide further evidence on the direct link between nuclear lamina dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sferra
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fortugno
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila, 00167 Rome, Italy.,Human Functional Genomics, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Aiello
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cipressa
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Marini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Odile Boespflug Tanguy
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Centre de reference leucodystrophies et leucoencephalopathies de cause rare (LEUKOFRANCE), APHP Hopital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, UMR 1141 INSERM 75651 Paris, France
| | - Eleonore Eymard-Pierre
- Service de Cytogénétique Médicale CHU de Clermont Ferrand, Hopital ESTAING 63003 CLERMONT FERRAND, France
| | - Federica Rachele Danti
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department of Laboratories, Pathology Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Livia Loizzo
- DIDASCO Società Cooperativa Sociale- Centro di riabilitazione, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cestra
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 00185 Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia IRCCS Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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20
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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21
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Giorgio E, Pesce E, Pozzi E, Sondo E, Ferrero M, Morerio C, Borrelli G, Della Sala E, Lorenzati M, Cortelli P, Buffo A, Pedemonte N, Brusco A. A high-content drug screening strategy to identify protein level modulators for genetic diseases: A proof-of-principle in autosomal dominant leukodystrophy. Hum Mutat 2020; 42:102-116. [PMID: 33252173 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In genetic diseases, the most prevalent mechanism of pathogenicity is an altered expression of dosage-sensitive genes. Drugs that restore physiological levels of these genes should be effective in treating the associated conditions. We developed a screening strategy, based on a bicistronic dual-reporter vector, for identifying compounds that modulate protein levels, and used it in a pharmacological screening approach. To provide a proof-of-principle, we chose autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD), an ultra-rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by lamin B1 (LMNB1) overexpression. We used a stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that simultaneously expresses an AcGFP reporter fused to LMNB1 and a Ds-Red normalizer. Using high-content imaging analysis, we screened a library of 717 biologically active compounds and approved drugs, and identified alvespimycin, an HSP90 inhibitor, as a positive hit. We confirmed that alvespimycin can reduce LMNB1 levels by 30%-80% in five different cell lines (fibroblasts, NIH3T3, CHO, COS-7, and rat primary glial cells). In ADLD fibroblasts, alvespimycin reduced cytoplasmic LMNB1 by about 50%. We propose this approach for effectively identifying potential drugs for treating genetic diseases associated with deletions/duplications and paving the way toward Phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pesce
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Pozzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elvira Sondo
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Morerio
- UOC Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giusy Borrelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Edoardo Della Sala
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Lorenzati
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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22
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Östlund C, Hernandez-Ono A, Shin JY. The Nuclear Envelope in Lipid Metabolism and Pathogenesis of NAFLD. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100338. [PMID: 33076344 PMCID: PMC7602593 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver is a major organ regulating lipid metabolism and a proper liver function is essential to health. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition with abnormal fat accumulation in the liver without heavy alcohol use. NAFLD is becoming one of the most common liver diseases with the increase in obesity in many parts of the world. There is no approved cure for the disease and a better understanding of disease mechanism is needed for effective prevention and treatment. The nuclear envelope, a membranous structure that surrounds the cell nucleus, is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum where the vast majority of cellular lipids are synthesized. Growing evidence indicates that components in the nuclear envelope are involved in cellular lipid metabolism. We review published studies with various cell and animal models, indicating the essential roles of nuclear envelope proteins in lipid metabolism. We also discuss how defects in these proteins affect cellular lipid metabolism and possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning public health problem worldwide. Despite its tremendous significance for public health, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD and its more advanced stage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Identification of novel pathways or cellular mechanisms that regulate liver lipid metabolism has profound implications for the understanding of the pathology of NAFLD and NASH. The nuclear envelope is topologically connected to the ER, where protein synthesis and lipid synthesis occurs. Emerging evidence points toward that the nuclear lamins and nuclear membrane-associated proteins are involved in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. We review published reports that link these nuclear envelope proteins to lipid metabolism. In particular, we focus on the recent work demonstrating the essential roles for the nuclear envelope-localized torsinA/lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP1) complex in hepatic steatosis, lipid secretion, and NASH development. We also discuss plausible pathogenic mechanisms by which the loss of either protein in hepatocytes leads to hepatic dyslipidemia and NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Östlund
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.Ö.); (A.H.-O.)
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Ono
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.Ö.); (A.H.-O.)
| | - Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.Ö.); (A.H.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-305-4088
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23
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Garcia LM, Hacker JL, Sase S, Adang L, Almad A. Glial cells in the driver seat of leukodystrophy pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105087. [PMID: 32977022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glia cells are often viewed as support cells in the central nervous system, but recent discoveries highlight their importance in physiological functions and in neurological diseases. Central to this are leukodystrophies, a group of progressive, neurogenetic disease affecting white matter pathology. In this review, we take a closer look at multiple leukodystrophies, classified based on the primary glial cell type that is affected. While white matter diseases involve oligodendrocyte and myelin loss, we discuss how astrocytes and microglia are affected and impinge on oligodendrocyte, myelin and axonal pathology. We provide an overview of the leukodystrophies covering their hallmark features, clinical phenotypes, diverse molecular pathways, and potential therapeutics for clinical trials. Glial cells are gaining momentum as cellular therapeutic targets for treatment of demyelinating diseases such as leukodystrophies, currently with no treatment options. Here, we bring the much needed attention to role of glia in leukodystrophies, an integral step towards furthering disease comprehension, understanding mechanisms and developing future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Garcia
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia L Hacker
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunetra Sase
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Adang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akshata Almad
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA.
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24
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Nmezi B, Vollmer LL, Shun TY, Gough A, Rolyan H, Liu F, Jia Y, Padiath QS, Vogt A. Development and Optimization of a High-Content Analysis Platform to Identify Suppressors of Lamin B1 Overexpression as a Therapeutic Strategy for Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2020; 25:939-949. [PMID: 32349647 PMCID: PMC7755098 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220915821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a fatal, progressive adult-onset disease characterized by widespread central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and significant morbidity. The late age of onset together with the relatively slow disease progression provides a large therapeutic window for the disorder. However, no treatment exists for ADLD, representing an urgent and unmet clinical need. We have previously shown that ADLD is caused by duplications of the lamin B1 gene causing increased expression of the lamin B1 protein, a major constituent of the nuclear lamina, and demonstrated that transgenic mice with oligodendrocyte-specific overexpression of lamin B1 exhibit temporal and histopathological features reminiscent of the human disease. As increased levels of lamin B1 are the causative event triggering ADLD, approaches aimed at reducing lamin B1 levels and associated functional consequences represent a promising strategy for discovery of small-molecule ADLD therapeutics. To this end, we have created an inducible cell culture model of lamin B1 overexpression and developed high-content analysis in connection with multivariate analysis to define, analyze, and quantify lamin B1 expression and its associated abnormal nuclear phenotype in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The assay has been optimized to meet high-throughput screening (HTS) criteria in multiday variability studies. To control for batch-to-batch variation in the primary MEFs, we have implemented a screening strategy that employs sentinel cells to avoid costly losses during HTS. We posit the assay will identify bona fide suppressors of lamin B1 pathophysiology as candidates for development into potential therapies for ADLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Nmezi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Laura L. Vollmer
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA 15260
| | - Tong Ying Shun
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA 15260
| | - Albert Gough
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA 15260
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA 15260
| | - Harshvardhan Rolyan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261
- Current address: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Quasar S. Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA 15260
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA 15260
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25
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Wang J, Lu QR. Convergent epigenetic regulation of glial plasticity in myelin repair and brain tumorigenesis: A focus on histone modifying enzymes. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105040. [PMID: 32800999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regeneration and tumorigenesis are complex processes involving in changes in chromatin structure to regulate cellular states at the molecular and genomic level. The modulation of chromatin structure dynamics is critical for maintaining progenitor cell plasticity, growth and differentiation. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) can be differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin sheathes to permit saltatory nerve conduction. OPCs and their primitive progenitors such as pri-OPC or pre-OPC are highly adaptive and plastic during injury repair or brain tumor formation. Recent studies indicate that chromatin modifications and epigenetic homeostasis through histone modifying enzymes shape genomic regulatory landscape conducive to OPC fate specification, lineage differentiation, maintenance of myelin sheaths, as well as brain tumorigenesis. Thus, histone modifications can be convergent mechanisms in regulating OPC plasticity and malignant transformation. In this review, we will focus on the impact of histone modifying enzymes in modulating OPC plasticity during normal development, myelin regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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26
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Yattah C, Hernandez M, Huang D, Park H, Liao W, Casaccia P. Dynamic Lamin B1-Gene Association During Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Differentiation. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:606-619. [PMID: 32020491 PMCID: PMC7060805 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OL) from progenitor cells (OPC) is the result of a unique program of gene expression, which is further regulated by the formation of topological domains of association with the nuclear lamina. In this study, we show that cultured OPC were characterized by progressively declining levels of endogenous Lamin B1 (LMNB1) during differentiation into OL. We then identify the genes dynamically associated to the nuclear lamina component LMNB1 during this transition, using a well established technique called DamID, which is based on the ability of a bacterially-derived deoxyadenosine methylase (Dam), to modify genomic regions in close proximity. We expressed a fusion protein containing Dam and LMNB1 in OPC (OPCLMNB1-Dam) and either kept them proliferating or differentiated them into OL (OLLMNB1-Dam) and identified genes that were dynamically associated to LMNB1 with differentiation. Importantly, we identified Lss, the gene encoding for lanosterol synthase, a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, as associated to the nuclear lamina in OLLMNB1-Dam. This finding could at least in part explain the lipid dysregulation previously reported for mouse models of ADLD characterized by persistent LMNB1 expression in oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Yattah
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marylens Hernandez
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - HyeJin Park
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Will Liao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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27
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Zhang Y, Li J, Bai R, Wang J, Peng T, Chen L, Wang J, Liu Y, Tian T, Lu H. LMNB1-Related Adult-Onset Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy Presenting as Movement Disorder: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1030. [PMID: 31695592 PMCID: PMC6816284 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a lately described rare form of leukodystrophy with only one family report from China. As the only disease associated with increased lamina B1 encoded by LMNB1, ADLDs have different clinical presentations, ranging from autonomic to pyramidal tract and cerebellar ataxia. Here, we report a case of ADLD that presented with positional tremor as the initial symptom. T2-weighted brain MRI showed brain atrophy and diffuse high signal intensity of the cerebral white matter and the brain stem. The precise diagnosis was made by identification of the mutated gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is perhaps the first case report of ADLD presenting as tremor in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Giorgio E, Lorenzati M, Rivetti di Val Cervo P, Brussino A, Cernigoj M, Della Sala E, Bartoletti Stella A, Ferrero M, Caiazzo M, Capellari S, Cortelli P, Conti L, Cattaneo E, Buffo A, Brusco A. Allele-specific silencing as treatment for gene duplication disorders: proof-of-principle in autosomal dominant leukodystrophy. Brain 2019; 142:1905-1920. [PMID: 31143934 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allele-specific silencing by RNA interference (ASP-siRNA) holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for downregulating a single mutant allele with minimal suppression of the corresponding wild-type allele. This approach has been effectively used to target autosomal dominant mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms linked with aberrantly expanded trinucleotide repeats. Here, we propose ASP-siRNA as a preferable choice to target duplicated disease genes, avoiding potentially harmful excessive downregulation. As a proof-of-concept, we studied autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy (ADLD) due to lamin B1 (LMNB1) duplication, a hereditary, progressive and fatal disorder affecting myelin in the CNS. Using a reporter system, we screened the most efficient ASP-siRNAs preferentially targeting one of the alleles at rs1051644 (average minor allele frequency: 0.45) located in the 3' untranslated region of the gene. We identified four siRNAs with a high efficacy and allele-specificity, which were tested in ADLD patient-derived fibroblasts. Three of the small interfering RNAs were highly selective for the target allele and restored both LMNB1 mRNA and protein levels close to control levels. Furthermore, small interfering RNA treatment abrogates the ADLD-specific phenotypes in fibroblasts and in two disease-relevant cellular models: murine oligodendrocytes overexpressing human LMNB1, and neurons directly reprogrammed from patients' fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ASP-silencing by RNA interference is a suitable and promising therapeutic option for ADLD. Moreover, our results have a broad translational value extending to several pathological conditions linked to gene-gain in copy number variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giorgio
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Lorenzati
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Cernigoj
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Ferrero
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- University of Trento, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Laboratory of Computational Oncology, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
- Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Torino, Italy
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29
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Padiath QS. Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy: A Disease of the Nuclear Lamina. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:41. [PMID: 30949481 PMCID: PMC6435485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a fibrous meshwork of proteins found adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane that plays a critical role in the maintenance of nuclear architecture. Made up of A and B type lamins, the nuclear lamina has recently been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions such as chromatin organization, DNA replication, cellular proliferation, senescence, and aging. While at least a dozen disorders are associated with LMNA, the focus of this review is Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy (ADLD), the only disease associated with the lamin B1 gene (LMNB1). ADLD is a fatal, adult onset CNS demyelinating disorder that is caused by either genomic duplications involving LMNB1 or deletions upstream of the gene. Both mutation types result in increased LMNB1 gene expression. How the increased levels of this widely expressed nuclear structural component results a phenotype as specific as demyelination is a great mystery. This review summarizes what is currently known about the disease and describes recent work using animal and cell culture models that have provided critical insights into ADLD pathological mechanisms. The delineation of these pathways provides a fascinating glimpse into entirely novel roles for the nuclear lamina and will be critical for the identification of therapies for this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quasar S Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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30
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Finnsson J, Lubberink M, Savitcheva I, Fällmar D, Melberg A, Kumlien E, Raininko R. Glucose metabolism in the brain in LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy. Acta Neurol Scand 2019; 139:135-142. [PMID: 30192380 PMCID: PMC6585974 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy is caused by an overexpression of the protein lamin B1, usually due to a duplication of the LMNB1 gene. Symptoms start in 5th to 6th decade. This slowly progressive disease terminates with death. We studied brain glucose metabolism in this disease using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS We examined 8 patients, aged 48-64 years, in varying stages of clinical symptomatology. Two patients were investigated with quantitative PET on clinical indications after which six more patients were recruited. Absolute glucose metabolism was analyzed with the PVElab software in 6 patients and 18 healthy controls. A semiquantitative analysis using the CortexID software was performed in seven investigations, relating local metabolism levels to global glucose metabolism. RESULTS The clinical quantitative PET revealed low global glucose metabolism, with the most marked reduction in the cerebellum. In the PVElab analysis, patients presented low mean glucose metabolism in the cerebellum, brainstem and global grey matter. In the semiquantitative analysis, 2 patients showed a decreased metabolism in the cerebellum and 4 patients a relatively higher metabolism in parts of the temporal lobes. Since none of the patients showed an increased metabolism in the quantitative analysis, we interpret these increases as "pseudo-increases" related to a globally reduced metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Global reduction of grey matter glucose metabolism in this white matter disease most likely depends on a combination of cortical afferent dysfunction and, in later stages, neuronal loss. The lowest metabolism in the cerebellum is consistent with histopathological findings and prominent cerebellar symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Savitcheva
- Nuclear Medicine and PETUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Atle Melberg
- Neuroscience, NeurologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Eva Kumlien
- Neuroscience, NeurologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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31
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Mezaki N, Miura T, Ogaki K, Eriguchi M, Mizuno Y, Komatsu K, Yamazaki H, Suetsugi N, Kawajiri S, Yamasaki R, Ishiguro T, Konno T, Nozaki H, Kasuga K, Okuma Y, Kira JI, Hara H, Onodera O, Ikeuchi T. Duplication and deletion upstream of LMNB1 in autosomal dominant adult-onset leukodystrophy. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e292. [PMID: 30697589 PMCID: PMC6340331 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective To characterize the genetic and clinical features of patients with autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy (ADLD) carrying duplication and deletion upstream of lamin B1 (LMNB1). Methods Ninety-three patients with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy of unknown etiology were genetically analyzed for copy numbers of LMNB1 and its upstream genes. We examined LMNB1 expression by reverse transcription-qPCR using total RNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes. Clinical and MRI features of the patients with ADLD were retrospectively analyzed. Results We identified 4 patients from 3 families with LMNB1 duplication. The duplicated genomic regions were different from those previously reported. The mRNA expression level of LMNB1 in patients with duplication was significantly increased. The clinical features of our patients with LMNB1 duplication were similar to those reported previously, except for the high frequency of cognitive impairment in our patients. We found 2 patients from 1 family carrying a 249-kb genomic deletion upstream of LMNB1. Patients with the deletion exhibited relatively earlier onset, more prominent cognitive impairment, and fewer autonomic symptoms than patients with duplication. The presence of cerebellar symptoms and lesions may be characteristic in our patients with the deletion compared with the previously reported family with the deletion. Magnetic resonance images of patients with the deletion exhibited a widespread distribution of white matter lesions including the anterior temporal region. Conclusions We identified 4 Japanese families with ADLD carrying duplication or deletion upstream of LMNB1. There are differences in clinical and MRI features between the patients with the duplication and those with the deletion upstream of LMNB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Mezaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Makoto Eriguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Yuri Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Kenichi Komatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Natsuki Suetsugi
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Sumihiro Kawajiri
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Takanobu Ishiguro
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Takuya Konno
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Hiroaki Nozaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Yasuyuki Okuma
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Hideo Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, K. Kasuga, T. Ikeuchi) and Department of Neurology (N.M., T.M., T. Ishiguro, T.K., O.O.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Department of Neurology (K.O., S.K., Y.O.), Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.E., N.S., H.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Saga University; Department of Neurology (Y.M., R.Y., J.-I.K.), Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Department of Neurology (K. Komatsu, H.Y.), Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute; and Medical Technology (H.N.), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University
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32
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Hunter M, Demarais NJ, Faull RLM, Grey AC, Curtis MA. Subventricular zone lipidomic architecture loss in Huntington's disease. J Neurochem 2018; 146:613-630. [PMID: 29804301 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human subventricular zone (SVZ) has a defined cytological and neurochemical architecture, with four constituent laminae that act in concert to support its neurogenic activity. Lipidomic specialisation has previously been demonstrated in the neurologically normal human SVZ, with enrichment of functionally important lipid classes in each lamina. The SVZ is also responsive to neurodegenerative disorders, where thickening of the niche and enhanced proliferation of resident cells were observed in Huntington's disease (HD) brains. In this study, we hypothesised lipidomic changes in the HD SVZ. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry, this analysis shows differences in the lipidomic architecture in the post-mortem Vonsattel grade III cases. Relative to matched, neurologically normal specimens (N = 4), the lipidomic signature of the HD SVZ (N = 4) was characterized by loss of sulfatides and triglycerides in the myelin layer, with an ectopic and focal accumulation of sphingomyelins and ceramide-1-phosphate observed in this lamina. A striking loss of lipidomic patterning was also observed in the ependymal layer, where the local abundance of phosphatidylinositols was significantly reduced in HD. This comprehensive spatially resolved lipidomic analysis of the human HD SVZ identifies alterations in lipid architecture that may shed light on the mechanisms of SVZ responses to neurodegeneration in HD. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Demarais
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Xing B, Brink LE, Maers K, Sullivan ML, Bodnar RJ, Stolz DB, Cambi F. Conditional depletion of GSK3b protects oligodendrocytes from apoptosis and lessens demyelination in the acute cuprizone model. Glia 2018; 66:1999-2012. [PMID: 29761559 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is recognized as the main mechanism of oligodendrocyte loss in Multiple Sclerosis caused either by immune mediated injury (Barnett & Prineas, ) or a direct degenerative process (oligodendrogliapathy; Lucchinetti et al., ). Cuprizone induced demyelination is the result of non-immune mediated apoptosis of oligodendrocytes (OL) and represents a model of oligodendrogliapathy (Simmons, Pierson, Lee, & Goverman, ). Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK) 3b has been shown to be pro-apoptotic for cells other than OL. Here, we sought to investigate whether GSK3b plays a role in cuprizone-induced apoptosis of OL by using a novel inducible conditional knockout (cKO) of GSK3b in mature OL. While depletion of GSK3b has no effect on survival of uninjured OL, it increases survival of mature OL exposed to cuprizone. We show that GSK3b-deficient OLs are protected against caspase-dependent, but not against caspase-independent apoptosis. Active GSK3b is present in the nuclei of OL at peak of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Significant preservation of myelinated axons is associated with GSK3b depletion and glial cell activation is markedly reduced. Collectively, the data show that GSK3b is pro-apoptotic for caspase-dependent cell death, likely through activation of nuclear GSK3b and its depletion promotes survival of oligodendrocytes and attenuates myelin loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xing
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, University Drive C Bldg 30, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren E Brink
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, University Drive C Bldg 30, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly Maers
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, University Drive C Bldg 30, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mara L Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard J Bodnar
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, University Drive C Bldg 30, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Franca Cambi
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, University Drive C Bldg 30, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology/PIND, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Lexington, Kentucky
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Lo Martire V, Alvente S, Bastianini S, Berteotti C, Bombardi C, Calandra-Buonaura G, Capellari S, Cohen G, Cortelli P, Gasparini L, Padiath Q, Valli A, Zoccoli G, Silvani A. Mice overexpressing lamin B1 in oligodendrocytes recapitulate the age-dependent motor signs, but not the early autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction of autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD). Exp Neurol 2018; 301:1-12. [PMID: 29262292 PMCID: PMC5809293 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a rare adult-onset demyelinating disease caused by overexpression of lamin B1, a nuclear lamina filament. Early autonomic dysfunction involving the cardiovascular system before progressive somatic motor dysfunction is a striking feature of most cases of ADLD. In the Plp-FLAG-LMNB1 transgenic mouse model, lamin B1 overexpression in oligodendrocytes elicits somatic motor dysfunction and neuropathology akin to ADLD. Here, we investigate whether Plp-FLAG-LMNB1 mice also develop autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction before or after somatic motor dysfunction. We find that Plp-FLAG-LMNB1 mice have preserved cardiovascular responses to changes in wake-sleep state and ambient temperature and normal indexes of autonomic modulation at 37-42weeks of age despite a progressive somatic motor dysfunction, which includes impairments of walking ability (the ability to walk on a narrow path was impaired in 80% of mice at 34-38weeks of age) and subtle breathing derangements. Only late in the development of the disease phenotype did Plp-FLAG-LMNB1 mice develop a structural deficit of sympathetic noradrenergic fibers, with a 38% decrease in fiber profiles in the kidneys at 44-47weeks of age. We demonstrate that while the Plp-FLAG-LMNB1 mouse model recapitulates the age-dependent motor dysfunction of ADLD, it does not show signs of early autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction, raising the possibility that oligodendrocyte dysfunction may not be sufficient to cause the full spectrum of clinical features present in ADLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Lo Martire
- Laboratory of Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice (PRISM), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Alvente
- Laboratory of Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice (PRISM), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianini
- Laboratory of Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice (PRISM), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- Laboratory of Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice (PRISM), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura
- Autonomic Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Autonomic Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gary Cohen
- Sleep Investigation Laboratory, Centre for Sleep Health and Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Autonomic Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Quasar Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alice Valli
- Laboratory of Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice (PRISM), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- Laboratory of Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice (PRISM), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Silvani
- Laboratory of Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice (PRISM), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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35
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The spectrum of adult-onset heritable white-matter disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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36
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Sandoval-Rodríguez V, Cansino-Torres MA, Sáenz-Farret M, Castañeda-Cisneros G, Moreno G, Zúñiga-Ramírez C. Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy presenting as Alzheimer's-type dementia. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 17:230-233. [PMID: 29055464 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by either point mutations or duplication of the lamin B1 gene on chromosome 5q23. The typical clinical picture consists of autonomic symptoms as well as cerebellar and pyramidal signs. Here we present the case of a 57-year-old female referred to our clinic due to cognitive decline. Neurological examination was significant for cognitive impairment as well as pyramidal and cerebellar signs. Brain MRI displayed diffuse hyperintense lesions in the subcortical white matter, pontine nuclei, brachium pontis and restiform body. The diagnosis was confirmed via genetic testing. Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with cognitive impairment, motor signs, and leukodystrophy-like images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sandoval-Rodríguez
- Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Hospital, 278 Col. El Retiro, 44280 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mariana Aurora Cansino-Torres
- Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Hospital, 278 Col. El Retiro, 44280 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Michel Sáenz-Farret
- Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Hospital, 278 Col. El Retiro, 44280 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gema Castañeda-Cisneros
- Department of Medical Neurogenetics, Genomic Markers, Av. México 3370, 44690 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Moreno
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Medical Center, One Shields Avenue, 95616 Davis, United States
| | - Carlos Zúñiga-Ramírez
- Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Hospital, 278 Col. El Retiro, 44280 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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Pedroso JL, Munford V, Bastos AU, Castro LPD, Marussi VHR, Silva GS, Arita JH, Menck CFM, Barsottini OG. LMNB1 mutation causes cerebellar involvement and a genome instability defect. J Neurol Sci 2017; 379:249-252. [PMID: 28716252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Pedroso
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Uchimura Bastos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ligia Pereira de Castro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Harumi Arita
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Mahajani S, Giacomini C, Marinaro F, De Pietri Tonelli D, Contestabile A, Gasparini L. Lamin B1 levels modulate differentiation into neurons during embryonic corticogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4897. [PMID: 28687747 PMCID: PMC5501862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin B1, a key component of the nuclear lamina, plays an important role in brain development. Ablation of endogenous Lamin B1 (Lmnb1) in the mouse strongly impairs embryonic brain development and corticogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying these neurodevelopmental effects are unknown. Here, we report that Lamin B1 levels modulate the differentiation of murine neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and astroglial-like cells. In vitro, endogenous Lmnb1 depletion favors NSC differentiation into glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cells over neurons, while overexpression of human Lamin B1 (LMNB1) increases the proportion of neurons. In Lmnb1-null embryos, neurogenesis is reduced, while in vivo Lmnb1 silencing in mouse embryonic brain by in utero electroporation of a specific Lmnb1 sh-RNA results in aberrant cortical positioning of neurons and increased expression of the astrocytic marker GFAP in the cortex of 7-day old pups. Together, these results indicate that finely tuned levels of Lamin B1 are required for NSC differentiation into neurons, proper expression of the astrocytic marker GFAP and corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameehan Mahajani
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Universitaetsmedizin Goettingen, Waldweg 33, Goettingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Caterina Giacomini
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Federica Marinaro
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Contestabile
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
- Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co, Knollstr, Ludwigshafen, 67061, Germany.
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39
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Lamins and metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:105-111. [PMID: 27974395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments (IFs) with important roles in most nuclear activities, including nuclear organization and cell-cycle progression. Mutations in human lamins cause over 17 different diseases, termed laminopathies. Most of these diseases are autosomal dominant and can be roughly divided into four major groups: muscle diseases, peripheral neuronal diseases, accelerated aging disorders and metabolic diseases including Dunnigan type familial partial lipodystrophy (FLPD), acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL) and autosomal dominant leucodystrophy. Mutations in lamins are also associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Cells derived from patients suffering from metabolic laminopathies, as well as cells derived from the corresponding animal models, show a disruption of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, abnormal autophagy, altered proliferative rate and down-regulation of genes that regulate adipogenesis. In addition, treating Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) cells with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin improves their fate. In this review, we will discuss the ways by which lamin genes are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism.
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40
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Appu AP, Moffett JR, Arun P, Moran S, Nambiar V, Krishnan JKS, Puthillathu N, Namboodiri AMA. Increasing N-acetylaspartate in the Brain during Postnatal Myelination Does Not Cause the CNS Pathologies of Canavan Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:161. [PMID: 28626388 PMCID: PMC5454052 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canavan disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding aspartoacylase (ASPA), a deacetylase that catabolizes N-acetylaspartate (NAA). The precise involvement of elevated NAA in the pathogenesis of Canavan disease is an ongoing debate. In the present study, we tested the effects of elevated NAA in the brain during postnatal development. Mice were administered high doses of the hydrophobic methyl ester of NAA (M-NAA) twice daily starting on day 7 after birth. This treatment increased NAA levels in the brain to those observed in the brains of Nur7 mice, an established model of Canavan disease. We evaluated various serological parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory and neurodegeneration markers and the results showed that there were no pathological alterations in any measure with increased brain NAA levels. We examined oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde content (indicator of lipid peroxidation), expression of NADPH oxidase and nuclear translocation of the stress-responsive transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF-2) in brain. We also examined additional pathological markers by immunohistochemistry and the expression of activated caspase-3 and interleukin-6 by Western blot. None of the markers were increased in the brains of M-NAA treated mice, and no vacuoles were observed in any brain region. These results show that ASPA expression prevents the pathologies associated with excessive NAA concentrations in the brain during postnatal myelination. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of Canavan disease involves not only disrupted NAA metabolism, but also excessive NAA related signaling processes in oligodendrocytes that have not been fully determined and we discuss some of the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash P. Appu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sean Moran
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vikram Nambiar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jishnu K. S. Krishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narayanan Puthillathu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aryan M. A. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
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Padiath QS. Lamin B1 mediated demyelination: Linking Lamins, Lipids and Leukodystrophies. Nucleus 2016; 7:547-553. [PMID: 27854160 PMCID: PMC5214339 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1260799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy (ADLD), a fatal adult onset demyelinating disorder, is the only human disease that has been linked to mutations of the nuclear lamina protein, lamin B1, and is primarily caused by duplications of the LMNB1 gene. Why CNS myelin is specifically targeted and the mechanisms underlying ADLD are unclear. Recent work from our group has demonstrated that over expression of lamin B1 in oligodendrocytes, the myelin producing cells in the CNS, resulted in age dependent epigenetic modifications, transcriptional down-regulation of lipogenic gene expression and significant reductions of myelin-enriched lipids. Given the high lipid content of meylin, we hypothesize that lipid loss is one of the primary drivers of the demyelination phenotype. These results can, at least partially, explain the age dependence and cell type specificity in ADLD and are discussed in the context of the existing literature, in an attempt to delineate potential pathways underlying the disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quasar S. Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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42
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Aaker JD, Elbaz B, Wu Y, Looney TJ, Zhang L, Lahn BT, Popko B. Transcriptional Fingerprint of Hypomyelination in Zfp191null and Shiverer (Mbpshi) Mice. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/5/1759091416670749. [PMID: 27683878 PMCID: PMC5046175 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416670749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional program that controls oligodendrocyte maturation and central nervous system (CNS) myelination has not been fully characterized. In this study, we use high-throughput RNA sequencing to analyze how the loss of a key transcription factor, zinc finger protein 191 (ZFP191), results in oligodendrocyte development abnormalities and CNS hypomyelination. Using a previously described mutant mouse that is deficient in ZFP191 protein expression (Zfp191null), we demonstrate that key transcripts are reduced in the whole brain as well as within oligodendrocyte lineage cells cultured in vitro. To determine whether the loss of myelin seen in Zfp191null mice contributes indirectly to these perturbations, we also examined the transcriptome of a well-characterized mouse model of hypomyelination, in which the myelin structural protein myelin basic protein (MBP) is deficient. Interestingly, Mbpshi (shiverer) mice had far fewer transcripts perturbed with the loss of myelin alone. This study demonstrates that the loss of ZFP191 disrupts expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, largely independent from the loss of myelin. Nevertheless, hypomyelination in both mouse mutants results in the perturbation of lipid synthesis pathways, suggesting that oligodendrocytes have a feedback system that allows them to regulate myelin lipid synthesis depending on their myelinating state. The data presented are of potential clinical relevance as the human orthologs of the Zfp191 and MBP genes reside on a region of Chromosome 18 that is deleted in childhood leukodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Aaker
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benayahu Elbaz
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy J Looney
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce T Lahn
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
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43
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Urbanski MM, Kingsbury L, Moussouros D, Kassim I, Mehjabeen S, Paknejad N, Melendez-Vasquez CV. Myelinating glia differentiation is regulated by extracellular matrix elasticity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33751. [PMID: 27646171 PMCID: PMC5028715 DOI: 10.1038/srep33751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of living tissues have a significant impact on cell differentiation, but remain unexplored in the context of myelin formation and repair. In the PNS, the extracellular matrix (ECM) incorporates a basal lamina significantly denser than the loosely organized CNS matrix. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) enhances central but impairs peripheral myelination and NMII has been implicated in cellular responses to changes in the elasticity of the ECM. To directly evaluate whether mechanotransduction plays a role in glial cell differentiation, we cultured Schwann cells (SC) and oligodendrocytes (OL) on matrices of variable elastic modulus, mimicking either their native environment or conditions found in injured tissue. We found that a rigid, lesion-like matrix inhibited branching and differentiation of OL in NMII-dependent manner. By contrast, SC developed normally in both soft and stiffer matrices. Although SC differentiation was not significantly affected by changes in matrix stiffness alone, we found that expression of Krox-20 was potentiated on rigid matrices at high laminin concentration. These findings are relevant to the design of biomaterials to promote healing and regeneration in both CNS and PNS, via transplantation of glial progenitors or the implantation of tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M Urbanski
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.,The Graduate Center, Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lyle Kingsbury
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Moussouros
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Imran Kassim
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Saraf Mehjabeen
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Navid Paknejad
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Zuckerman Research Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carmen V Melendez-Vasquez
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.,The Graduate Center, Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
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44
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Monnerie H, Romer M, Jensen BK, Millar JS, Jordan-Sciutto KL, Kim SF, Grinspan JB. Reduced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) processing through site-1 protease (S1P) inhibition alters oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. J Neurochem 2016; 140:53-67. [PMID: 27385127 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the myelin membrane of the oligodendrocyte in the CNS is a fundamental process requiring the coordinated synthesis of many different components. The myelin membrane is particularly rich in lipids, however, the regulation of this lipid synthesis is not understood. In other cell types, including Schwann cells, the myelin-forming cells of the PNS, lipid synthesis is tightly regulated by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) family of transcription factors, but this has not been previously shown in oligodendrocytes. We investigated SREBPs' role during oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. Both SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 were expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and differentiating oligodendrocytes. Using the selective site-1 protease (S1P) inhibitor PF-429242, which inhibits the cleavage of SREBP precursor forms into mature forms, we found that preventing SREBP processing inhibited process growth and reduced the expression level of myelin basic protein, a major component of myelin. Further, process extension deficits could be rescued by the addition of exogenous cholesterol. Blocking SREBP processing reduced mRNA transcription and protein levels of SREBP target genes involved in both the fatty acid and the cholesterol synthetic pathways. Furthermore, de novo levels and total levels of cholesterol synthesis were greatly diminished when SREBP processing was inhibited. Together these results indicate that SREBPs are important regulators of oligodendrocyte maturation and that perturbation of their activity may affect myelin formation and integrity. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Monnerie
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Micah Romer
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brigid K Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John S Millar
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith B Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Liu J, Moyon S, Hernandez M, Casaccia P. Epigenetic control of oligodendrocyte development: adding new players to old keepers. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:133-8. [PMID: 27308779 PMCID: PMC4987162 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging and strengthening evidence suggests an important role of myelin in plasticity and axonal survival. However, the mechanisms regulating progression from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to myelinating oligodendrocytes remain only partially understood. A series of overlapping yet distinct epigenetic events occur as a proliferating OPC exits the cell cycle, initiates differentiation, and becomes a myelin-forming oligodendrocyte that wraps axons. Here we discuss recent advances towards understanding the epigenetic control of oligodendrocyte development that integrates environmental stimuli. We suggest that OPCs are directly responsive to extrinsic signals due to predominantly euchromatic nuclei, while the heterochromatic nuclei render differentiating and myelinating cells less susceptible to signals modulating the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Marylens Hernandez
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Genetics and Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
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46
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Monnerie H, Romer M, Jensen BK, Millar JS, Jordan-Sciutto KL, Kim SF, Grinspan JB. Reduced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) processing through site-1 protease (S1P) inhibition alters oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. J Neurochem 2016. [PMID: 27385127 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the myelin membrane of the oligodendrocyte in the CNS is a fundamental process requiring the coordinated synthesis of many different components. The myelin membrane is particularly rich in lipids, however, the regulation of this lipid synthesis is not understood. In other cell types, including Schwann cells, the myelin-forming cells of the PNS, lipid synthesis is tightly regulated by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) family of transcription factors, but this has not been previously shown in oligodendrocytes. We investigated SREBPs' role during oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. Both SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 were expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and differentiating oligodendrocytes. Using the selective site-1 protease (S1P) inhibitor PF-429242, which inhibits the cleavage of SREBP precursor forms into mature forms, we found that preventing SREBP processing inhibited process growth and reduced the expression level of myelin basic protein, a major component of myelin. Further, process extension deficits could be rescued by the addition of exogenous cholesterol. Blocking SREBP processing reduced mRNA transcription and protein levels of SREBP target genes involved in both the fatty acid and the cholesterol synthetic pathways. Furthermore, de novo levels and total levels of cholesterol synthesis were greatly diminished when SREBP processing was inhibited. Together these results indicate that SREBPs are important regulators of oligodendrocyte maturation and that perturbation of their activity may affect myelin formation and integrity. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Monnerie
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Micah Romer
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brigid K Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John S Millar
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith B Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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47
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Spagnol ST, Armiger TJ, Dahl KN. Mechanobiology of Chromatin and the Nuclear Interior. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:268-276. [PMID: 28163791 PMCID: PMC5289645 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The view of the cell nucleus has evolved from an isolated, static organelle to a dynamic structure integrated with other mechanical elements of the cell. Both dynamics and integration appear to contribute to a mechanical regulation of genome expression. Here, we review physical structures inside the nucleus at different length scales and the dynamic reorganization modulated by cellular forces. First, we discuss nuclear organization focusing on self-assembly and disassembly of DNA structures and various nuclear bodies. We then discuss the importance of connections from the chromatin fiber through the nuclear envelope to the rest of the cell as they relate to mechanobiology. Finally, we discuss how cell stimulation, both chemical and physical, can alter nuclear structures and ultimately cellular function in healthy cells and in some model diseases. The view of chromatin and nuclear bodies as mechanical entities integrated with force generation from the cytoskeleton combines polymer physics with cell biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Spagnol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Travis J. Armiger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
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48
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Duncan ID, Radcliff AB. Inherited and acquired disorders of myelin: The underlying myelin pathology. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:452-75. [PMID: 27068622 PMCID: PMC5010953 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination is a major therapeutic goal in human myelin disorders, serving to restore function to demyelinated axons and providing neuroprotection. The target disorders that might be amenable to the promotion of this repair process are diverse and increasing in number. They range primarily from those of genetic, inflammatory to toxic origin. In order to apply remyelinating strategies to these disorders, it is essential to know whether the myelin damage results from a primary attack on myelin or the oligodendrocyte or both, and whether indeed these lead to myelin breakdown and demyelination. In some disorders, myelin sheath abnormalities are prominent but demyelination does not occur. This review explores the range of human and animal disorders where myelin pathology exists and focusses on defining the myelin changes in each and their cause, to help define whether they are targets for myelin repair therapy. We reviewed myelin disorders of the CNS in humans and animals. Myelin damage results from primary attack on the oligodendrocyte or myelin sheath. All major categories of disease can affect CNS myelin. Myelin vacuolation is common, yet does not always result in demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Duncan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Abigail B Radcliff
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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49
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Gahl WA, Mulvihill JJ, Toro C, Markello TC, Wise AL, Ramoni RB, Adams DR, Tifft CJ. The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Network: Applications to modern medicine. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:393-400. [PMID: 26846157 PMCID: PMC5560125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inability of some seriously and chronically ill individuals to receive a definitive diagnosis represents an unmet medical need. In 2008, the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) was established to provide answers to patients with mysterious conditions that long eluded diagnosis and to advance medical knowledge. Patients admitted to the NIH UDP undergo a five-day hospitalization, facilitating highly collaborative clinical evaluations and a detailed, standardized documentation of the individual's phenotype. Bedside and bench investigations are tightly coupled. Genetic studies include commercially available testing, single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis, and family exomic sequencing studies. Selected gene variants are evaluated by collaborators using informatics, in vitro cell studies, and functional assays in model systems (fly, zebrafish, worm, or mouse). INSIGHTS FROM THE UDP In seven years, the UDP received 2954 complete applications and evaluated 863 individuals. Nine vignettes (two unpublished) illustrate the relevance of an undiagnosed diseases program to complex and common disorders, the coincidence of multiple rare single gene disorders in individual patients, newly recognized mechanisms of disease, and the application of precision medicine to patient care. CONCLUSIONS The UDP provides examples of the benefits expected to accrue with the recent launch of a national Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN). The UDN should accelerate rare disease diagnosis and new disease discovery, enhance the likelihood of diagnosing known diseases in patients with uncommon phenotypes, improve management strategies, and advance medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John J Mulvihill
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anastasia L Wise
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachel B Ramoni
- Department for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard Dental School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Cugno G, Parreira JR, Ferlizza E, Hernández-Castellano LE, Carneiro M, Renaut J, Castro N, Arguello A, Capote J, Campos AMO, Almeida AM. The Goat (Capra hircus) Mammary Gland Mitochondrial Proteome: A Study on the Effect of Weight Loss Using Blue-Native PAGE and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151599. [PMID: 27031334 PMCID: PMC4816393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal weight loss (SWL) is the most important limitation to animal production in the Tropical and Mediterranean regions, conditioning producer’s incomes and the nutritional status of rural communities. It is of importance to produce strategies to oppose adverse effects of SWL. Breeds that have evolved in harsh climates have acquired tolerance to SWL through selection. Most of the factors determining such ability are related to changes in biochemical pathways as affected by SWL. In this study, a gel based proteomics strategy (BN: Blue-Native Page and 2DE: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) was used to characterize the mitochondrial proteome of the secretory tissue of the goat mammary gland. In addition, we have conducted an investigation of the effects of weight loss in two goat breeds with different levels of adaptation to nutritional stress: Majorera (tolerant) and Palmera (susceptible). The study used Majorera and Palmera dairy goats, divided in 4 sets, 2 for each breed: underfed group fed on wheat straw (restricted diet, so their body weight would be 15–20% reduced by the end of experiment), and a control group fed with an energy-balanced diet. At the end of the experimental period (22 days), mammary gland biopsies were obtained for all experimental groups. The proteomic analysis of the mitochondria enabled the resolution of a total of 277 proteins, and 148 (53%) were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins were identified as subunits of the glutamate dehydrogenase complex and the respiratory complexes I, II, IV, V from mitochondria, as well as numerous other proteins with functions in: metabolism, development, localization, cellular organization and biogenesis, biological regulation, response to stimulus, among others, that were mapped in both BN and 2DE gels. The comparative proteomics analysis enabled the identification of several proteins: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit and lamin B1 mitochondrial (up-regulated in the Palmera breed), Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 (up-regulated in the Majorera breed) and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial and Chain D, Bovine F1-C8 Sub-Complex Of Atp Synthase (down-regulated in the Majorera breed) as a consequence of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Cugno
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José R. Parreira
- IBET – Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB/UNL – Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Carneiro
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jenny Renaut
- LIST – Luxemburg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxemburg
| | - Noemí Castro
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Anastasio Arguello
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Capote
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valle Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexandre M. O. Campos
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André M. Almeida
- IBET – Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB/UNL – Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- CIISA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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