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Magalhães DM, Mampay M, Sebastião AM, Sheridan GK, Valente CA. Age-related impact of social isolation in mice: Young vs middle-aged. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105678. [PMID: 38266657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Social isolation is a chronic mild stressor and a significant risk factor for mental health disorders. Herein we explored the impact of social isolation on depression- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as spatial memory impairments, in middle-aged male mice compared to post-weaning mice. We aimed to quantify and correlate social isolation-induced behaviour discrepancies with changes in hippocampal glial cell reactivity and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Post-weaning and middle-aged C57BL7/J6 male mice were socially isolated for a 3-week period and behavioural tests were performed on the last five days of isolation. We found that 3 weeks of social isolation led to depressive-like behaviour in the forced swim test, anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test, and spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze paradigm in middle-aged male mice. These behavioural alterations were not observed in male mice after post-weaning social isolation, indicating resilience to isolation-mediated stress. Increased Iba-1 expression and NLRP3 priming were both observed in the hippocampus of socially isolated middle-aged mice, suggesting a role for microglia and NLRP3 pathway in the detrimental effects of social isolation on cognition and behaviour. Young socially isolated mice also demonstrated elevated NLRP3 priming compared to controls, but no differences in Iba-1 levels and no significant changes in behaviour. Ageing-induced microglia activation and enhancement of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines, known signs of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, were also detected. Altogether, data suggest that social isolation, in addition to inflammaging, contributes to stress-related cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Magalhães
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Myrthe Mampay
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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ÖZDEMİR F, AKÇAY G, ÖZKINALI S, ÇELİK Ç. [6]-Shogaol and [6]-Gingerol active ingredients may improve neuropathic pain by suppressing cytokine levels in an experimental model. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1593-1604. [PMID: 38813490 PMCID: PMC10760556 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Neuropathic pain (NP) is a type of chronic pain usually caused by damage to the somatosensory system. Bioactive antioxidant compounds, such as curcumin and ginger, are widely preferred in the treatment of NP. However, the ingredient-based mechanism that underlies their pain-relieving activity remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of trans-[6]-Shogaol and [6]-Gingerol active ingredients of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe extract on the spinal cord and cortex in the neuroinflammatory pathway in rats with experimental sciatic nerve injury. Materials and methods Forty-six volatile phenolic components were identified in ginger samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Thirty 3-month-old male 250-300 g Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups as (i) sham, (ii) chronic constriction injury (CCI), and (iii) CCI+ginger. NP was induced using the CCI model. A ginger extract treatment enriched with trans-[6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol active ingredients was administered by gavage at 200 mg/kg/day for 7 days. On the 14th day of the experiment, locomotor activity was evaluated in open field and hyperalgesia in tail flick tests. Results In behavioural experiments, a significant decrease was observed in the CCI group compared to the sham group, while a significant increase was observed in the CCI+ginger group compared to the CCI group (p < 0.05). In the spinal cord and cortex tissues, there was a significant increase in the TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 neuroinflammation results of the CCI group compared to the sham group, while there was a significant decrease in the CCI+ginger group compared to the CCI group. Conclusion In this study, ginger treatment was shown to have a therapeutic effect on neuroinflammation against sciatic nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikri ÖZDEMİR
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum,
Turkiye
| | - Güven AKÇAY
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum,
Turkiye
| | - Sevil ÖZKINALI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hitit University, Çorum,
Turkiye
| | - Çağla ÇELİK
- Pharmacy Services Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Hitit University, Çorum,
Turkiye
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Aghelan Z, Pashaee S, Abtahi SH, Karima S, Khazaie H, Ezati M, Khodarahmi R. Natural Immunosuppressants as a Treatment for Chronic Insomnia Targeting the Inflammatory Response Induced by NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β Axis Activation: A Scooping Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:294-309. [PMID: 37552452 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic insomnia is an inflammatory-related disease with an important pathological basis for various diseases which is a serious threat to a person's physical and mental health. So far, many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of insomnia, among which inflammatory mechanisms have become the focus of scientific attention. In this regard, the aim of the present scooping review is to evaluate the potential benefits of natural compounds in treatment of chronic insomnia targeting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor-pyrin-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1/IL-1β axis as one of the most important activators of inflammatory cascades. The data show that compounds that have the potential to cause inflammation induce sleep disorders, and that inflammatory mediators are key molecules in regulating the sleep-related activity of neurons. In the inflammatory process of insomnia, the role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of insomnia has been gradually considered by researchers. NLRP3 is an intracellular sensor that recognizes the widest range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). After identification and binding to damage factors, NLRP3 inflammasome is assembled to activate the caspase-1 and IL-1β. Increased production and secretion of IL-1β may be involved in central nervous system dysregulation of physiological sleep. The current scooping review reports the potential benefits of natural compounds that target NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activity and highlights the hypothesis which NLRP3 /caspase-1/IL-1β may serve as a potential therapeutic target for managing inflammation and improving symptoms in chronic insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghelan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Somayeh Pashaee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Hosein Abtahi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Behehshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ezati
- Medical Biology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Nurse Street, Kermanshah, 6714415185, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Nurse Street, Kermanshah, 6714415185, Iran.
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González Olmo BM, Bettes MN, DeMarsh JW, Zhao F, Askwith C, Barrientos RM. Short-term high-fat diet consumption impairs synaptic plasticity in the aged hippocampus via IL-1 signaling. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:35. [PMID: 37460765 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
More Americans are consuming diets higher in saturated fats and refined sugars than ever before. These trends could have serious consequences for the older population because high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, known to induce neuroinflammation, has been shown to accelerate and aggravate memory declines. We have previously demonstrated that short-term HFD consumption, which does not evoke obesity-related comorbidities, produced profound impairments to hippocampal-dependent memory in aged rats. These impairments were precipitated by increases in proinflammatory cytokines, primarily interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Here, we explored the extent to which short-term HFD consumption disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as measured by long-term potentiation (LTP), in young adult and aged rats. We demonstrated that (1) HFD disrupted late-phase LTP in the hippocampus of aged, but not young adult rats, (2) HFD did not disrupt early-phase LTP, and (3) blockade of the IL-1 receptor rescued L-LTP in aged HFD-fed rats. These findings suggest that hippocampal memory impairments in aged rats following HFD consumption occur through the deterioration of synaptic plasticity and that IL-1β is a critical driver of that deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M González Olmo
- Department of Biomedical Education & Anatomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James W DeMarsh
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang M. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome-mediated neuronal plasticity in the central nervous system contributes to neurocognitive complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2154857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Malfunction of astrocyte and cholinergic input is involved in postoperative impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Neuropharmacology 2022; 217:109191. [PMID: 35835213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) occurs in a few days after major surgery under general anesthesia and may cause serious health problems. However, effective intervention and treatment remain unavailable because the underlying mechanisms have far been elucidated. In the present study, we explored the role of the malfunctioned astrocytes in POD. Our results showed that mice with tibia fracture displayed spatial and temporal memory impairments, reduced LTP, and activated astrocytes in the hippocampus in early postoperative stage. Using electrophysiological and Ca2+ imaging techniques in hippocampal slices, we demonstrated the malfunctions of astrocytes in surgery mice: depolarized resting membrane potential, higher membrane conductance and capacitance, and attenuated Ca2+ elevation in response to external stimulation. The degraded calcium signaling in hippocampal astrocytes in surgery mice was restored by correcting the diminution of acetylcholine release with galantamine. Furthermore, pharmacologically blocking astrocyte activation with fluorocitrate and enhancing cholinergic inputs with galantamine normalized hippocampal LTP in surgery mice. Finally, inhibition of astrocyte activation with fluorocitrate in the hippocampus improved cognitive function in surgery mice. Therefore, the prevention of astrocyte activation may be a valuable strategy for the intervention of cognitive dysfunction in POD, and acetylcholine receptors may be valid drug targets for this purpose.
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Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunity are essential for neurodevelopment and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis; however, the fragile equilibrium between immune and brain cells can be disturbed by any immune dysregulation and cause detrimental effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that, despite the blood-brain barrier (BBB), overactivation of the immune system leads to brain vulnerability that increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly upon subsequent exposure later in life. Disruption of microglial function in later life can be triggered by various environmental and psychological factors, including obesity-driven chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Increased visceral adiposity has been recognized as an important risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. The review aims to present our current understanding of the topic.
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Chen K, Hu Q, Xie Z, Yang G. Monocyte NLRP3-IL-1β Hyperactivation Mediates Neuronal and Synaptic Dysfunction in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104106. [PMID: 35347900 PMCID: PMC9165480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder may develop in vulnerable patients following major operation. While neuroinflammation is linked to the cognitive effects of surgery, how surgery and immune signaling modulate neuronal circuits, leading to learning and memory impairment remains unknown. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy, Ca2+ activity and postsynaptic dendritic spines of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex of a mouse model of thoracic surgery are imaged. It is found that surgery causes neuronal hypoactivity, impairments in learning-dependent dendritic spine formation, and deficits in multiple learning tasks. These neuronal and synaptic alterations in the cortex are mediated by peripheral monocytes through the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production. Depleting peripheral monocytes or inactivating NLRP3 inflammasomes before surgery reduces levels of IL-1β and ameliorates neuronal and behavioral deficits in mice. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of IL-1β-producing myeloid cells from mice undertaking thoracic surgery is sufficient to induce neuronal and behavioral deficits in naïve mice. Together, these findings suggest that surgery leads to excessive NLRP3 activation in monocytes and elevated IL-1β signaling, which in turn causes neuronal hypoactivity and perioperative neurocognitive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
| | - Qiuping Hu
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
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Pilat D, Paumier JM, García-González L, Louis L, Stephan D, Manrique C, Khrestchatisky M, Di Pasquale E, Baranger K, Rivera S. MT5-MMP promotes neuroinflammation, neuronal excitability and Aβ production in primary neuron/astrocyte cultures from the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:65. [PMID: 35277173 PMCID: PMC8915472 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 5 (MT5-MMP) deficiency in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) reduces brain neuroinflammation and amyloidosis, and prevents deficits in synaptic activity and cognition in prodromal stages of the disease. In addition, MT5-MMP deficiency prevents interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-mediated inflammation in the peripheral nervous system. In this context, we hypothesized that the MT5-MMP/IL-1β tandem could regulate nascent AD pathogenic events in developing neural cells shortly after the onset of transgene activation.
Methods
To test this hypothesis, we used 11–14 day in vitro primary cortical cultures from wild type, MT5-MMP−/−, 5xFAD and 5xFAD/MT5-MMP−/− mice, and evaluated the impact of MT5-MMP deficiency and IL-1β treatment for 24 h, by performing whole cell patch-clamp recordings, RT-qPCR, western blot, gel zymography, ELISA, immunocytochemistry and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated transduction.
Results
5xFAD cells showed higher levels of MT5-MMP than wild type, concomitant with higher basal levels of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, MT5-MMP-deficient cultures had strong decrease of the inflammatory response to IL-1β, as well as decreased stability of recombinant IL-1β. The levels of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) were similar in 5xFAD and wild-type cultures, and IL-1β treatment did not affect Aβ levels. Instead, the absence of MT5-MMP significantly reduced Aβ by more than 40% while sparing APP metabolism, suggesting altogether no functional crosstalk between IL-1β and APP/Aβ, as well as independent control of their levels by MT5-MMP. The lack of MT5-MMP strongly downregulated the AAV-induced neuronal accumulation of the C-terminal APP fragment, C99, and subsequently that of Aβ. Finally, MT5-MMP deficiency prevented basal hyperexcitability observed in 5xFAD neurons, but not hyperexcitability induced by IL-1β treatment.
Conclusions
Neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability precede Aβ accumulation in developing neural cells with nascent expression of AD transgenes. MT5-MMP deletion is able to tune down basal neuronal inflammation and hyperexcitability, as well as APP/Aβ metabolism. In addition, MT5-MMP deficiency prevents IL-1β-mediated effects in brain cells, except hyperexcitability. Overall, this work reinforces the idea that MT5-MMP is at the crossroads of pathogenic AD pathways that are already incipiently activated in developing neural cells, and that targeting MT5-MMP opens interesting therapeutic prospects.
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Fighting fire with fire: the immune system might be key in our fight against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1261-1283. [PMID: 35032668 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown and no disease-modifying treatment exists. Emerging evidence supports the concept that the immune system has a key role in AD pathogenesis. This awareness leads to the idea that specific parts of the immune system must be engaged to ward off the disease. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved the management of several previously untreatable cancers and could hold similar promise as a novel therapy for treating AD. However, before potent immunotherapies can be rationally designed as treatment against AD, we need to fully understand the dynamic interplay between AD and the different parts of our immune system. Accordingly, here we review the most important aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune system in relation to AD pathology. Teaser: Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer's disease is affected by the inability of the immune system to contain the pathology of the brain. Here, we discuss how we can engage our immune system to fight this devastating disease.
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Peng X, Wang J, Peng J, Jiang H, Le K. Resveratrol Improves Synaptic Plasticity in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice via Alleviating SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling-Mediated Neuroinflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:113-125. [PMID: 34549339 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an obstinate disease that troubles neonatologists. At present, cognitive impairment after HIE has received increasing attention. Synaptic plasticity determines the development of cognitive function, so it is urgent to develop new drugs that can improve HIE-induced cognitive impairment. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced neuroinflammation affects synaptic plasticity. As a SIRT1 agonist, resveratrol has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, but whether it has an effect on impaired synaptic plasticity in HIE and the potential mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, resveratrol was used to intervene in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) mice, and the effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and further mechanisms were explored through performing neurobehavioral, morphological observations, Golgi sliver staining, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments. We first found that resveratrol improves HI-induced long-term cognitive and memory deficits, and then we found that resveratrol reduces hippocampal neuronal damage and increases dendritic spine density and the expression of synaptic proteins. Finally, we found that this effect may be exerted by regulating the neuroinflammatory response mediated by the SIRT1/NF-κB axis. This study provides a new theoretical basis for resveratrol to prevent long-term neurological dysfunction following HIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Jiangxi Province Children's Hospital, No.122 Yangming Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PingXiang No.2 People's Hospital, No. 89 Pingan South Avenue, Danjiang Street, PingXiang, Jiangxi Province, 337000, China
| | - Hongqun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Kai Le
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
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Ghoweri AO, Gagolewicz P, Frazier HN, Gant JC, Andrew RD, Bennett BM, Thibault O. Neuronal Calcium Imaging, Excitability, and Plasticity Changes in the Aldh2-/- Mouse Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1623-1637. [PMID: 32925058 PMCID: PMC7683088 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dysregulated signaling in neurons and astrocytes participates in pathophysiological alterations seen in the Alzheimer’s disease brain, including increases in amyloid-β, hyperphosphorylated tau, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and oxidative stress. These are often noted prior to the development of behavioral, cognitive, and non-cognitive deficits. However, the extent to which these pathological changes function together or independently is unclear. Objective: Little is known about the temporal relationship between calcium dysregulation and oxidative stress, as some reports suggest that dysregulated calcium promotes increased formation of reactive oxygen species, while others support the opposite. Prior work has quantified several key outcome measures associated with oxidative stress in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 knockout (Aldh2–/–) mice, a non-transgenic model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Here, we tested the hypothesis that early oxidative stress can promote calcium dysregulation across aging by measuring calcium-dependent processes using electrophysiological and imaging methods and focusing on the afterhyperpolarization (AHP), synaptic activation, somatic calcium, and long-term potentiation in the Aldh2–/– mouse. Results: Our results show a significant age-related decrease in the AHP along with an increase in the slow AHP amplitude in Aldh2–/– animals. Measures of synaptic excitability were unaltered, although significant reductions in long-term potentiation maintenance were noted in the Aldh2–/– animals compared to wild-type. Conclusion: With so few changes in calcium and calcium-dependent processes in an animal model that shows significant increases in HNE adducts, Aβ, p-tau, and activated caspases across age, the current findings do not support a direct link between neuronal calcium dysregulation and uncontrolled oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O Ghoweri
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter Gagolewicz
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Hilaree N Frazier
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John C Gant
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R David Andrew
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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13
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Xu A, Tang Y, Zeng Q, Wang X, Tian H, Zhou Y, Li Z. Electroacupuncture Enhances Cognition by Promoting Brain Glucose Metabolism and Inhibiting Inflammation in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:387-400. [PMID: 32741819 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, yet there is no effective treatment. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a complementary alternative medicine approach. In clinical and animal studies, EA promotes cognition in AD and vascular dementia. It has been previously reported that cognitive decline in AD might be closely related to reduced glucose intake in the brain. It is worth mentioning that the regions of glucose hypometabolism are usually found to be associated with neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVE This study is to explore whether the protective mechanism of EA on cognition is related to the regulation of glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation. METHODS APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into AD group and the treatment (AD + EA) group. In the AD + EA group, EA was applied on Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) for 20 min and then pricked at Shuigou (GV26), once every alternate day for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to evaluate the effects of EA treatment on cognitive functions. 18F-FDG PET, immunofluorescence, and western blot were used to examine the mechanisms underlying EA effects. RESULTS From MWM tests, EA treatment significantly improved cognition of APP/PS1 mice. From the 18F-FDG PET, the levels of uptake rate of glucose in frontal lobe were higher than the AD group after EA. From immunofluorescence and western blot, amyloid-β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation were reduced after EA. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EA may prevent cognitive decline in AD mouse models by enhancing glucose metabolism and inhibiting inflammation-mediated Aβ deposition in the frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Xu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinshan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation and Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingtao Zeng
- Information Engineering Institute, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Tian
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation and Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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14
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to modulate neuronal signaling in homeostasis and diseases. In homeostasis, IL-1 regulates sleep and memory formation, whereas in diseases, IL-1 impairs memory and alters affect. Interestingly, IL-1 can cause long-lasting changes in behavior, suggesting IL-1 can alter neuroplasticity. The neuroplastic effects of IL-1 are mediated via its cognate receptor, Interleukin-1 Type 1 Receptor (IL-1R1), and are dependent on the distribution and cell type(s) of IL-1R1 expression. Recent reports found that IL-1R1 expression is restricted to discrete subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells and suggest IL-1 can influence neural circuits directly through neuronal IL-1R1 or indirectly via non-neuronal IL-1R1. In this review, we analyzed multiple mechanisms by which IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling might impact neuroplasticity based upon the most up-to-date literature and provided potential explanations to clarify discrepant and confusing findings reported in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Nemeth
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
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15
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Manabe T, Rácz I, Schwartz S, Oberle L, Santarelli F, Emmrich JV, Neher JJ, Heneka MT. Systemic inflammation induced the delayed reduction of excitatory synapses in the CA3 during ageing. J Neurochem 2021; 159:525-542. [PMID: 34379806 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) represents diverse cerebral dysfunctions in response to pathogen-induced systemic inflammation. Peripheral exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, has been extensively used to model systemic inflammation. Our previous studies suggested that LPS led to hippocampal neuron death and synaptic destruction in vivo. However, the underlying roles of activated microglia in these neuronal changes remained unclear. Here, LPS from two different bacterial strains (Salmonella enterica or E. coli) were compared and injected in 14- to 16-month-old mice and evaluated for neuroinflammation and neuronal integrity in the hippocampus at 7 or 63 days post-injection (dpi). LPS injection resulted in persistent neuroinflammation lasting for seven days and a subsequent normalisation by 63 dpi. Of note, increases in proinflammatory cytokines, microglial morphology and microglial mean lysosome volume were more pronounced after E. coli LPS injection than Salmonella LPS at 7 dpi. While inhibitory synaptic puncta density remained normal, excitatory synaptic puncta were locally reduced in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 63 dpi. Finally, we provide evidence that excitatory synapses coated with complement factor 3 (C3) decreased between 7 dpi and 63 dpi. Although we did not find an increase of synaptic pruning by microglia, it is plausible that microglia recognised and eliminated these C3-tagged synapses between the two time-points of investigation. Since a region-specific decline of CA3 synapses has previously been reported during normal ageing, we postulate that systemic inflammation may have accelerated or worsened the CA3 synaptic changes in the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Manabe
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ildikó Rácz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Oberle
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Julius V Emmrich
- Department of Neurology and Department of Experimental Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
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16
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Abstract
Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system have been described mostly in the context of diseases. More recent studies have begun to reveal how certain immune cell-derived soluble effectors, the cytokines, can influence host behaviour even in the absence of infection. In this Review, we contemplate how the immune system shapes nervous system function and how it controls the manifestation of host behaviour. Interactions between these two highly complex systems are discussed here also in the context of evolution, as both may have evolved to maximize an organism's ability to respond to environmental threats in order to survive. We describe how the immune system relays information to the nervous system and how cytokine signalling occurs in neurons. We also speculate on how the brain may be hardwired to receive and process information from the immune system. Finally, we propose a unified theory depicting a co-evolution of the immune system and host behaviour in response to the evolutionary pressure of pathogens.
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17
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Hosseini M, Salmani H, Baghcheghi Y. Losartan improved hippocampal long-term potentiation impairment induced by repeated LPS injection in rats. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14874. [PMID: 34042283 PMCID: PMC8157761 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been known as a common consequence of brain inflammation. Long-term potentiation (LTP), the generally accepted cellular mechanism for memory formation in the mammalian brain, has been shown to be suppressed by inflammation. Studies have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) through the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) has a role in brain and peripheral immune system communication and brain inflammation. Here, the effect of AT1R blockade on hippocampal LTP in rats undergoing repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was investigated. Rats received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of LPS (250 μg kg-1 day-1 ) for seven days. Treatment with losartan (ip; 3 mg kg-1 day-1 ) was started 3 days before LPS injection and continued during the LPS injections. Rats were anesthetized, and field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) was recorded from the stratum radiatum of the CA1 area of the hippocampus in response to stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway. Results showed that LTP was suppressed in the LPS-injected rats as no significant differences were found in the fEPSP slope and amplitude before and after the LTP induction. AT1R blockade by losartan restored fEPSP to the control levels. These findings indicate that Ang II, through AT1R, has a role in LTP suppression induced by systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neuroscience Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research CommitteeJiroft University of Medical SciencesJiroftIran
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18
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Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Nagy EK, Olive MF, Neisewander JL. Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Novel Treatment Targets for Substance Use Disorders and Associated Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:650785. [PMID: 33935636 PMCID: PMC8082184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.650785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce aberrant changes in synaptic plasticity and contribute to substance abuse-related behaviors. Immune signaling within the brain and the periphery critically regulates homeostasis of the nervous system. Perturbations in immune signaling can induce neuroinflammation or immunosuppression, which dysregulate nervous system function including neural processes associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). In this review, we discuss the literature that demonstrates a role of neuroimmune signaling in regulating learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, emphasizing specific cytokine signaling within the central nervous system. We then highlight recent preclinical studies, within the last 5 years when possible, that have identified immune mechanisms within the brain and the periphery associated with addiction-related behaviors. Findings thus far underscore the need for future investigations into the clinical potential of immunopharmacology as a novel approach toward treating SUDs. Considering the high prevalence rate of comorbidities among those with SUDs, we also discuss neuroimmune mechanisms of common comorbidities associated with SUDs and highlight potentially novel treatment targets for these comorbid conditions. We argue that immunopharmacology represents a novel frontier in the development of new pharmacotherapies that promote long-term abstinence from drug use and minimize the detrimental impact of SUD comorbidities on patient health and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Erin K. Nagy
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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19
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Piccioni G, Mango D, Saidi A, Corbo M, Nisticò R. Targeting Microglia-Synapse Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052342. [PMID: 33652870 PMCID: PMC7956551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of microglia in the brain, with particular attention to synaptic plasticity in health and disease. We present evidence that ramified microglia, classically believed to be "resting" (i.e., inactive), are instead strongly implicated in dynamic and plastic processes. Indeed, there is an intimate relationship between microglia and neurons at synapses which modulates activity-dependent functional and structural plasticity through the release of cytokines and growth factors. These roles are indispensable to brain development and cognitive function. Therefore, approaches aimed at maintaining the ramified state of microglia might be critical to ensure normal synaptic plasticity and cognition. On the other hand, inflammatory signals associated with Alzheimer's disease are able to modify the ramified morphology of microglia, thus leading to synapse loss and dysfunction, as well as cognitive impairment. In this context, we highlight microglial TREM2 and CSF1R as emerging targets for disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Piccioni
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Dalila Mango
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Amira Saidi
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milan, Italy;
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (R.N.)
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20
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Bennett M, Chin A, Lee HJ, Morales Cestero E, Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF, Threlkeld SW, Schmidt TA, Richendrfer HA, Szmydynger-Chodobska J, Jay GD, Chodobski A. Proteoglycan 4 Reduces Neuroinflammation and Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:385-398. [PMID: 32940130 PMCID: PMC7875610 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are two prominent mechanisms of secondary injury in neurotrauma. It has been suggested that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in initiating and propagating neuroinflammation resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI), but potential beneficial effects of targeting these receptors in TBI have not been broadly studied. Here, we investigated the effect of targeting TLRs with proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) on post-traumatic neuroinflammation and BBB function. PRG4 is a mucinous glycoprotein with strong anti-inflammatory properties, exerting its biological effects by interfering with TLR2/4 signaling. In addition, PRG4 has the ability to inhibit activation of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell-surface glycoprotein playing an important role in inflammation. Using the controlled cortical impact model of TBI in rats, we showed a rapid and prolonged upregulation of message for TLR2/4 and CD44 in the injured cortex. In the in vitro model of the BBB, recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) crossed the endothelial monolayers through a high-capacity, saturable transport system. In rats sustaining TBI, PRG4 delivery to the brain was enhanced by post-traumatic increase in BBB permeability. rhPRG4 injected intravenously at 1 h post-TBI potently inhibited post-traumatic activation of nuclear factor kappa B and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, the two major signal transduction pathways associated with TLR2/4 and CD44, and curtailed the post-traumatic influx of monocytes. In addition, PRG4 restored normal BBB function after TBI by preventing the post-traumatic loss of tight junction protein claudin 5 and reduced neuronal death. Our observations provide support for therapeutic strategies targeting TLRs in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Bennett
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Andrea Chin
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Lee
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- FLUID Team and BIP Facility, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Holly A. Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adam Chodobski
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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21
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Tan B, Babur E, Aşçıoğlu M, Süer C. Effect of L-thyroxine administration on long-term potentiation and accompanying mitogen-activated protein kinases in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:259-269. [PMID: 33576121 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the differences in the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK ), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) 1 hr after the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) between rats with hyperthyroidism that was produced at two different stages of development. Hyperthyroidism was produced in rats by daily injections of L-thyroxine (T4, ip., 0.2 mg/kg) to their dams for lactation period or to the rats itself during the young adult period. LTP was induced by application of high-frequency stimulation protocol. Five-min averages of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slopes and population spike (PS) amplitudes at the end of recording were averaged to measure the magnitude of LTP. Total and phosphorylated levels of Erk1/2, JNK, and P38-MAPK were assessed via western blotting in these hippocampi. LTP was found to be impaired in both groups of hyperthyroidisms, but this impairment observed together with increased expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and increased phosphorylation of JNK in rats treated maternally with T4 compared to those treated adultly. These results suggest that excessiveness of thyroid hormone has longstanding effects on hippocampal function and may account for failed LTP in both early and relatively late stage of development depending on various molecular pathways, such as ERK1/2 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Tan
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ercan Babur
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Meral Aşçıoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cem Süer
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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22
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Liu QF, Park SW, Kim YM, Song SJ, Chin YW, Pak SC, Jeon S, Koo BS. Administration of Kyung-Ok-Ko reduces stress-induced depressive behaviors in mice through inhibition of inflammation pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113441. [PMID: 33027642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), a traditional medicinal formula composed of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC, Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Korean Red Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, and honey, has been used to treat amnesia and dementia. KOK has also been shown to ameliorate transient cerebral global ischemia-induced brain damage, but the antidepressant-like effect of KOK has not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY This study examined the antidepressant-like effect of KOK in an immobilization-induced stress mouse and its mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals in the stress group were immobilized for two hours a day for two weeks. KOK at a dose of 1 g/kg/day was administered orally to the stressed mice for two weeks in advance of their immobilization. A forced swimming test was performed to analyze their depressive behaviors. To examine the anti-inflammatory or antioxidative effects of KOK, the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells and human neuroblastoma cell, SH-SY5Y cells, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. RESULT The KOK extract showed no significant toxicity when the cells were treated with a KOK extract at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. The KOK ethanol extract reduced LPS-induced TNF-α production, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) mRNA level, and the levels of MAPK and p38 phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. KOK also suppressed H2O2-induced cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells. In the forced swimming test, KOK induced a decrease in immobility and an increase in climbing activity. Finally, the administration of KOK reversed the up-regulation of IkB-α phosphorylation in the stressed mouse cortex. CONCLUSION KOK might be useful for the treatment of depression caused by environmental and lifestyle-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Park
- Yaksan Korean Medical Clinic 302, Dongyang-plaza 533-3, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue-Jin Song
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 32, Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Guo DH, Yamamoto M, Hernandez CM, Khodadadi H, Baban B, Stranahan AM. Visceral adipose NLRP3 impairs cognition in obesity via IL-1R1 on CX3CR1+ cells. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1961-1976. [PMID: 31935195 DOI: 10.1172/jci126078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of the inflammasome protein cryopyrin (NLRP3) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) promotes release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in obesity. Although this mechanism contributes to peripheral metabolic dysfunction, effects on the brain remain unexplored. We investigated whether visceral adipose NLRP3 impairs cognition by activating microglial IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1). After observing protection against obesity-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in NLRP3-KO mice, we transplanted VAT from obese WT or NLRP3-KO donors into lean recipient mice. Transplantation of VAT from a WT donor (TRANSWT) increased hippocampal IL-1β and impaired cognition, but VAT transplants from comparably obese NLRP3-KO donors (TRANSKO) had no effect. Visceral adipose NLRP3 was required for deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) in transplant recipients, and LTP impairment in TRANSWT mice was IL-1 dependent. Flow cytometric and gene expression analyses revealed that VAT transplantation recapitulated the effects of obesity on microglial activation and IL-1β gene expression, and visualization of hippocampal microglia revealed similar effects in vivo. Inducible ablation of IL-1R1 in CX3CR1-expressing cells eliminated cognitive impairment in mice with dietary obesity and in transplant recipients and restored immunoquiescence in hippocampal microglia. These results indicate that visceral adipose NLRP3 impairs memory via IL-1-mediated microglial activation and suggest that NLRP3/IL-1β signaling may underlie correlations between visceral adiposity and cognitive impairment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Huang Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, and.,Plastic Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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24
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Liu WC, Wu CW, Fu MH, Tain YL, Liang CK, Hung CY, Chen IC, Lee YC, Wu CY, Wu KLH. Maternal high fructose-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in the adult female offspring via PPARγ-NF-κB signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 81:108378. [PMID: 32330843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms beneath the initiation of neuroinflammation are still inconclusive. Growing evidence proposes the maternal effect on the development of neuroinflammation. In this study, we evaluated the upstream regulators and the indices of neuroinflammation in the hippocampi of female offspring at 3 months old. The accumulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, 65 kDa), a cytokine-encoding transcription factor, was increased in microglia. The enhanced microglial activation was detected in CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) HFD group with upregulation of CD11b and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1). Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines (including TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) were significantly increased in HFD group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor involved in the suppression of NF-κB expression and in encoding endogenous antioxidants (such as catalase and glutathione peroxidases). On the contrary, the expression of nuclear PPARγ was suppressed in hippocampal neurons of the HFD group. In addition, the expressions of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) was suppressed in HFD group. Oral application with pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, effectively ceased the neuroinflammation and reversed the expression of antioxidants in HFD group. Together, these results for the first time demonstrated that maternal HFD triggered the waxing and waning of NF-κB and PPARγ may initiate neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of adult female offspring. Our findings further suggest that PPARγ could be the feasible targets to reprogram the hippocampal impairment induced by maternal HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Liu
- Plastic surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China; Department of Surgery, School of medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China; Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yi Wu
- Plastic surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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Cai M, Lee JH, Yang EJ. Electroacupuncture attenuates cognition impairment via anti-neuroinflammation in an Alzheimer's disease animal model. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:264. [PMID: 31836020 PMCID: PMC6909515 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities and memory leading to dementia. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a complementary alternative medicine approach, applying an electrical current to acupuncture points. In clinical and animal studies, EA causes cognitive improvements in AD and vascular dementia. However, EA-induced changes in cognition and microglia-mediated amyloid β (Aβ) degradation have not been determined yet in AD animals. Therefore, this study investigated the EA-induced molecular mechanisms causing cognitive improvement and anti-inflammatory activity in five familial mutation (5XFAD) mice, an animal model of AD. Methods 5XFAD mice were bilaterally treated with EA at the Taegye (KI3) acupoints three times per week for 2 weeks. To evaluate the effects of EA treatment on cognitive functions, novel object recognition and Y-maze tests were performed with non-Tg, 5XFAD (Tg), and EA-treated 5XFAD (Tg + KI3) mice. To examine the molecular mechanisms underlying EA effects, western blots, immunohistochemistry, and micro-positron emission tomography scans were performed. Furthermore, we studied synapse ultrastructures with transmission electron microscopy and used electrophysiology to investigate EA effects on synaptic plasticity in 5XFAD mice. Results EA treatment significantly improved working memory and synaptic plasticity, alleviated neuroinflammation, and reduced ultrastructural degradation of synapses via upregulation of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95 protein in 5XFAD mice. Furthermore, microglia-mediated Aβ deposition was reduced after EA treatment and coincided with a reduction in amyloid precursor protein. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that EA treatment ameliorates cognitive impairment via inhibition of synaptic degeneration and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Cai
- Department of Herbal Medicine Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Department of Clinical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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The differential impact of acute microglia activation on the excitability of cholinergic neurons in the mouse medial septum. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2297-2309. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Estrogenic Regulation of Neuroprotective and Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms: Implications for Depression and Cognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11355-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chaves-Filho AJM, Macedo DS, de Lucena DF, Maes M. Shared microglial mechanisms underpinning depression and chronic fatigue syndrome and their comorbidities. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:111975. [PMID: 31136774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, it was reviewed that a) there is a strong co-occurrence between major depression and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), with fatigue and physio-somatic symptoms being key symptoms of depression, and depressive symptoms appearing during the course of CFS; and b) the comorbidity between both disorders may in part be explained by activated immune-inflammatory pathways, including increased translocation of Gram-negative bacteria and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1. Nevertheless, the possible involvement of activated microglia in this comorbidity has remained unclear. This paper aims to review microglial disturbances in major depression, CFS and their comorbidity. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed / MEDLINE database to identify studies, which are relevant to this current review. Depressed patients present neuroinflammatory alterations, probably related to microglial activation, while animal models show that a microglial response to immune challenges including lipopolysaccharides is accompanied by depressive-like behaviors. Recent evidence from preclinical studies indicates that activated microglia have a key role in the onset of fatigue. In chronic inflammatory conditions, such as infections and senescence, microglia orchestrate an inflammatory microenvironment thereby causing fatigue. In conclusion, based on our review we may posit that shared immune-inflammatory pathways and especially activated microglia underpin comorbid depression and CFS. As such, microglial activation and neuro-inflammation may be promising targets to treat the overlapping manifestations of both depression and CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves-Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Immune Challenge Alters Reactivity of Hippocampal Noradrenergic System in Prenatally Stressed Aged Mice. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:3152129. [PMID: 30804990 PMCID: PMC6360630 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3152129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PS) has long-term sequelae for the morphological and functional status of the central nervous system of the progeny. A PS-induced proinflammatory status of the organism may result in an impairment of both hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory formation in adults. We addressed here the question of how PS-induced alterations in the immune response in young and old mice may contribute to changes in hippocampal function in aging. Immune stimulation (via LPS injection) significantly affected the ability of the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse of PS mice to undergo long-term potentiation (LTP). Elevated corticosterone level in the blood of aged PS mice that is known to influence LTP magnitude indicates a chronic activation of the HPA axis due to the in utero stress exposure. We investigated the contribution of adrenergic receptors to the modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity of aged mice and found that impaired LTP in the PS-LPS group was indeed rescued by application of isoproterenol (a nonspecific noradrenergic agonist). Further exploration of the mechanisms of the observed phenomena will add to our understanding of the interaction between PS and proinflammatory immune activation and its contribution to the functional and structural integrity of the aging brain.
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The Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus Have Different Reactivities to Proinflammatory Stress: Corticosterone Levels, Cytokine Expression, and Synaptic Plasticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-018-0665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Denver P, McClean PL. Distinguishing normal brain aging from the development of Alzheimer's disease: inflammation, insulin signaling and cognition. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1719-1730. [PMID: 30136683 PMCID: PMC6128051 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As populations age, prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rising. Over 100 years of research has provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, for which age is the principal risk factor. However, in recent years, a multitude of clinical trial failures has led to pharmaceutical corporations becoming more and more unwilling to support drug development in AD. It is possible that dependence on the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a guide for preclinical research and drug discovery is part of the problem. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid plaques and tau tangles are evident in non-demented individuals and that reducing or clearing these lesions does not always result in clinical improvement. Normal aging is associated with pathologies and cognitive decline that are similar to those observed in AD, making differentiation of AD-related cognitive decline and neuropathology challenging. In this mini-review, we discuss the difficulties with discerning normal, age-related cognitive decline with that related to AD. We also discuss some neuropathological features of AD and aging, including amyloid and tau pathology, synapse loss, inflammation and insulin signaling in the brain, with a view to highlighting cognitive or neuropathological markers that distinguish AD from normal aging. It is hoped that this review will help to bolster future preclinical research and support the development of clinical tools and therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Denver
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paula L. McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Clinical, Translational and Research Innovation Centre (C-TRIC), University of Ulster, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
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Increased plasma Interleukin-1β level is associated with memory deficits in type 2 diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 96:148-154. [PMID: 29957442 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels with the risk of MCI in T2DM patients. We divided recruited T2DM patients into two groups, MCI group and healthy-cognition controls, according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters and neuropsychological tests were examined. We recruited 202 T2DM patients in this study, including 94 MCI and 108 healthy-cognition controls. T2DM patients with MCI exhibited increased plasma IL-1β and decreased amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) levels compared to the controls (all p < 0.05). After adjusting fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Aβ42, plasma IL-1β levels were negatively correlated with MoCA and AVLT delayed recall scores, which represented memory function. Multivariable logistic regression model showed that high plasma IL-1β level and low plasma Aβ42 level were correlated with increased risk for MCI in T2DM patients. Increased plasma IL-1β level was significantly associated with MCI in T2DM patients, especially memory deficits. Our findings will provide additional insights into the inflammation pathogenesis of cognitive impairments in T2DM.
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Szepesi Z, Manouchehrian O, Bachiller S, Deierborg T. Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:323. [PMID: 30319362 PMCID: PMC6170615 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia have long been recognized as a crucial player in generating and maintaining inflammatory responses in the CNS, now it has become clear, that their function are much more diverse, particularly in the healthy brain. The innate immune response and phagocytosis represent only a little segment of microglia functional repertoire that also includes maintenance of biochemical homeostasis, neuronal circuit maturation during development and experience-dependent remodeling of neuronal circuits in the adult brain. Being equipped by numerous receptors and cell surface molecules microglia can perform bidirectional interactions with other cell types in the CNS. There is accumulating evidence showing that neurons inform microglia about their status and thus are capable of controlling microglial activation and motility while microglia also modulate neuronal activities. This review addresses the topic: how microglia communicate with other cell types in the brain, including fractalkine signaling, secreted soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. We summarize the current state of knowledge of physiological role and function of microglia during brain development and in the mature brain and further highlight microglial contribution to brain pathologies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor as well as neuropsychiatric diseases (depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Szepesi
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar Manouchehrian
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mendes-da-Silva RF, Francisco EDS, Araújo Guedes RC. Pilocarpine/ascorbic acid interaction in the immature brain: Electrophysiological and oxidative effects in well-nourished and malnourished rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:414-421. [PMID: 30232044 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) administration has been associated with neuroprotection against oxidative stress, although at high doses it can facilitate oxidation and acts like a proconvulsing drug. The pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model has been widely studied. However, less is known about the effects of sub-convulsive doses of pilocarpine on brain activity in immature animals under normal or deficient nutritional conditions. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic pilocarpine administration in a sub-convulsive dose, with or without AA, on the excitability-related phenomenon denominated as cortical spreading depression (CSD) and levels of lipid peroxidation-induced malondialdehyde in well-nourished and malnourished rats. At postnatal days 7-28, rats received no gavage treatment (naïve group), saline (vehicle group), 45 mg/kg/d of pilocarpine and/or 120 mg/kg/d of AA. CSD propagation and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed at 34-40 days. The pilocarpine group presented with lower CSD velocities, while AA groups exhibited higher CSD velocities and augmented malondialdehyde levels compared with controls. The co-administration of AA partially antagonized the pilocarpine CSD effects, but did not revert it to control levels. Malnutrition increased CSD amplitude and velocity in comparison to the well-nourished condition. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increased after CSD (ECoG potentiation) when compared with the baseline amplitude before CSD. However, no intergroup difference was observed in this CSD-related ECoG potentiation. The results support the hypothesis of a pilocarpine/ascorbic acid interaction in the immature rat brain and might help further the understanding of this interaction on neuronal electrical activity and oxidative stress.
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35
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Gao L, Li J, Zhou Y, Huang X, Qin X, Du G. Effects of Baicalein on Cortical Proinflammatory Cytokines and the Intestinal Microbiome in Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1714-1724. [PMID: 29668250 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a flavonoid derived from the roots of Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi, has shown health benefits for an array of human diseases including dementia. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain is extensively used as a senile dementia model. To further investigate the effects of baicalein in SAMP8 mice, behavioral testing, biochemical detection, and gut microbiota analysis were performed. The results demonstrated that treatment with baicalein ameliorated the senescence status of the SAMP8 mice, as manifested by reducing the grading score of senescence. Additionally, baicalein improved the cognitive functions of the SAMP8 mice, including spatial learning and memory abilities, object recognition memory, and olfactory memory. Furthermore, baicalein significantly inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the brain cortex of SAMP8 mice. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that treatment with baicalein markedly altered the abundance of six genera in SAMP8 mice. Correlation analysis indicated that the abundances of Mucispirillum, Bacteroides, and Sutterella were negatively correlated with cognitive abilities and that Christensenellaceae was positively correlated with cognition. Furthermore, the abundance of Christensenellaceae was negatively correlated with the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, while [ Prevotella] was positively correlated with the levels of IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, Mucispirillum and Bacteroides were positively correlated with the level of IL-6 in the brain cortex. These data indicated that baicalein ameliorates senescence status and improves cognitive function in SAMP8 mice and that this effect might be attributable to suppression of cortical proinflammatory cytokines and modulation of the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
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Swanson A, Wolf T, Sitzmann A, Willette AA. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Pleiotropic roles for cytokines and neuronal pentraxins. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:49-56. [PMID: 29462653 PMCID: PMC5988985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a potential factor speculated to underlie Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiopathogenesis and progression. The overwhelming focus in this area of research to date has been on the chronic upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines to understand how neuroinflammatory mechanisms contribute to neurodegeneration. Yet, it is important to understand the pleiotropic roles of these cytokines in modulating neuroinflammation in which they cannot be labeled as a strictly "good" or "bad" biomarker phenotype. As such, biomarkers with more precise functions are needed to better understand how neuroinflammation impacts the brain in AD. Neuronal pentraxins are a concentration- dependent group of pro- or anti- inflammatory cytokines. There is contradictory evidence of these pentraxins as being both neuroprotective and potentially detrimental in AD. Potential neuroprotective examples include their ability to predict AD-related outcomes such as cognition, memory function and synaptic refinement. This review will briefly outline the basis of AD and subsequently summarize findings for neuropathological mechanisms of neuroinflammation, roles for traditional pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and data found thus far on the neuronal pentraxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Swanson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Tovah Wolf
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Alli Sitzmann
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2008 Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 2007 Roy Carver Pavilion, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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37
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Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1 β Modulate Synaptic Plasticity during Neuroinflammation. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:8430123. [PMID: 29861718 PMCID: PMC5976900 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8430123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are constitutively released in the healthy brain by resident myeloid cells to keep proper synaptic plasticity, either in the form of Hebbian synaptic plasticity or of homeostatic plasticity. However, when cytokines dramatically increase, establishing a status of neuroinflammation, the synaptic action of such molecules remarkably interferes with brain circuits of learning and cognition and contributes to excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Among others, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are the best studied proinflammatory cytokines in both physiological and pathological conditions and have been invariably associated with long-term potentiation (LTP) (Hebbian synaptic plasticity) and synaptic scaling (homeostatic plasticity), respectively. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypical neuroinflammatory disease, in which inflammation triggers excitotoxic mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration. IL-β and TNF are increased in the brain of MS patients and contribute to induce the changes in synaptic plasticity occurring in MS patients and its animal model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This review will introduce and discuss current evidence of the role of IL-1β and TNF in the regulation of synaptic strength at both physiological and pathological levels, in particular speculating on their involvement in the synaptic plasticity changes observed in the EAE brain.
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Ó'Léime CS, Hoban AE, Hueston CM, Stilling R, Moloney G, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. The orphan nuclear receptor TLX regulates hippocampal transcriptome changes induced by IL-1β. Brain Behav Immun 2018. [PMID: 29518529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TLX is an orphan nuclear receptor highly expressed within neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the hippocampus where is regulates proliferation. Inflammation has been shown to have negative effects on hippocampal function as well as on NPC proliferation. Specifically, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β suppresses NPC proliferation as well as TLX expression in the hippocampus. However, it is unknown whether TLX itself is involved in regulating the inflammatory response in the hippocampus. To explore the role of TLX in inflammation, we assessed changes in the transcriptional landscape of the hippocampus of TLX knockout mice (TLX-/-) compared to wildtype (WT) littermate controls with and without intrahippocampal injection of IL-1β using a whole transcriptome RNA sequencing approach. We demonstrated that there is an increase in the transcription of genes involved in the promotion of inflammation and regulation of cell chemotaxis (Tnf, Il1b, Cxcr1, Cxcr2, Tlr4) and a decrease in the expression of genes relating to synaptic signalling (Lypd1, Syt4, Cplx2) in cannulated TLX-/- mice compared to WT controls. We demonstrate that mice lacking in TLX share a similar increase in 176 genes involved in regulating inflammation (e.g. Cxcl1, Tnf, Il1b) as WT mice injected with IL-1β into the hippocampus. Moreover, TLX-/- mice injected with IL-1β displayed a blunted transcriptional profile compared to WT mice injected with IL-1β. Thus, TLX-/- mice, which already have an exaggerated inflammatory profile after cannulation surgery, are primed to respond differently to an inflammatory stimulus such as IL-1β. Together, these results demonstrate that TLX regulates hippocampal inflammatory transcriptome response to brain injury (in this case cannulation surgery) and cytokine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S Ó'Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cara M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roman Stilling
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Prieto GA, Tong L, Smith ED, Cotman CW. TNFα and IL-1β but not IL-18 Suppresses Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation Directly at the Synapse. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:49-60. [PMID: 29619614 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CNS inflammatory responses are linked to cognitive impairment in humans. Research in animal models supports this connection by showing that inflammatory cytokines suppress long-term potentiation (LTP), the best-known cellular correlate of memory. Cytokine-induced modulation of LTP has been previously studied in vivo or in brain slices, two experimental approaches containing multiple cell populations responsive to cytokines. In their target cells, cytokines commonly increase the expression of multiple cytokines, thus increasing the complexity of brain cytokine networks even after single-cytokine challenges. Whether cytokines suppress LTP by direct effects on neurons or by indirect mechanisms is still an open question. Here, we evaluated the effect of a major set of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) on chemically-induced LTP (cLTP) in isolated hippocampal synaptosomes of mice, using fluorescence analysis of single-synapse long-term potentiation (FASS-LTP). We found that TNFα and IL-1β suppress synaptosomal cLTP. In contrast, cLTP was not affected by IL-18, at a concentration previously shown to block LTP in hippocampal slices. We also found that IL-18 does not impair cLTP or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. Thus, using both synaptosomes and neuron cultures, our data suggest that IL-18 impairs LTP by indirect mechanisms, which may depend on non-neuronal cells, such as glia. Notably, our results demonstrate that TNFα and IL-1β directly suppress hippocampal plasticity via neuron-specific mechanisms. A better understanding of the brain's cytokine networks and their final molecular effectors is crucial to identify specific targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aleph Prieto
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Liqi Tong
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Erica D Smith
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Carl W Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Hoshino K, Hasegawa K, Kamiya H, Morimoto Y. Synapse-specific effects of IL-1β on long-term potentiation in the mouse hippocampus. Biomed Res 2018. [PMID: 28637953 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key molecule in the inflammatory responses elicited during infection and injury. It exerts local effects on synaptic plasticity by binding to IL-1 receptors that are expressed at high levels in the hippocampus. We examined the effects of IL-1β on synaptic plasticity in different hippocampal regions in acute mouse brain slices by measuring long-term potentiation (LTP). IL-1β (1 ng/mL) was applied for 30 min before LTP was induced with high-frequency stimulation (HFS). LTP was significantly impaired by either IL-1β application to the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses or the associational/commissural (A/C) fiber-CA3 synapses, which are both dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. However, mossy fiber-CA3 LTP, which is expressed presynaptically in an NMDA-independent manner, was not impaired by IL-1β. Our results demonstrate that IL-1β exerts variable effects on LTP at different kinds of synapses, indicating that IL-1β has synapse-specific effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hoshino
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cristical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of medicine.,Department of Neurobiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kan Hasegawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cristical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of medicine.,Department of Neurobiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Haruyuki Kamiya
- Department of Neurobiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cristical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of medicine
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41
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Neuroimmune-Driven Neuropathic Pain Establishment: A Focus on Gender Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010281. [PMID: 29342105 PMCID: PMC5796227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroinflammatory cells in the establishment of neuropathic pain has been investigated in depth in the last few years. In particular, microglia have been shown to be key players in the induction of tactile allodynia, as they release proinflammatory molecules that, in turn, sensitize nociceptive neurons within the spinal cord. However, the role of peripheral immune cells such as macrophages, infiltrating monocytes, mast cells, and T-cells has been highlighted in the last few studies, even though the data are still conflicting and need to be clarified. Intriguingly, the central (microglia) and peripheral (T-cell)-adaptive immune cells that orchestrate maladaptive process-driven neuropathic pain seem to be involved in a gender-dependent manner. In this review, we highlight the role of the microglia and peripheral immune cells in chronic degenerative disease associated with neuro-immune-inflammatory processes.
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42
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Ó’Léime CS, Kozareva DA, Hoban AE, Long‐Smith CM, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. TLX is an intrinsic regulator of the negative effects of IL‐1β on proliferating hippocampal neural progenitor cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:613-624. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S. Ó’Léime
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Danka A. Kozareva
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Alan E. Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Caitriona M. Long‐Smith
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Yvonne M. Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy. Tel.: ; Fax: ; E-mail:
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44
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Tyrtyshnaia AA, Manzhulo IV, Sultanov RM, Ermolenko EV. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in neuropathic pain and alkyl glycerol ethers treatment. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:812-821. [PMID: 29107326 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain manifested by a number of sensory symptoms is often accompanied by disorders of higher nervous activity, such as memory impairment, depression, anxiety, anhedonia, etc. This emphasizes the involvement of supraspinal structures including the hippocampus in neuropathic pain pathogenesis. In the present study, we focused on the impact of chronic neuropathic pain on hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial state. In addition, we test the effect of alkyl glycerol ethers on hippocampal neuronal and microglial plasticity as well as behavioral parameters. Neuropathic pain was induced using the model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury. We found an impairment of working memory and locomotor activity in animals with neuropathic pain, which was prevented by alkyl glycerol ethers treatment. Sciatic nerve ligation in mice contributed to the decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis intensity. Alkyl glycerol ethers administration significantly reduced this effect. Neuropathic pain-associated neurogenesis reduction was accompanied by an increased percentage of Iba1-labeled area in the CA1 hippocampal region on the 14th and 28th days after surgery. In addition, we observed a decrease in hippocampal pro-inflammatory microglia marker CD86 immunostaining on day 28 after surgery in alkyl glycerol ethers-treated mice with sciatic nerve ligation. These results are consistent with data on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression in the hippocampus. Alkyl glycerol ethers administration increased IL-10 and decreased IL-1β hippocampal expression in animals with neuropathic pain. Taken together, these data suggest that neuropathic pain-behavior in rodents is accompanied by changes in microglia polarization, thereby contributing to neurogenesis impairment and cognitive disturbances. Alkyl glycerol ethers prevented M1 microglial activation, contributing to the maintenance of normal neurogenesis levels within the hippocampus and normalizing working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Tyrtyshnaia
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Str, 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690091, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor V Manzhulo
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Str, 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690091, Russian Federation.
| | - Ruslan M Sultanov
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Str, 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina V Ermolenko
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Str, 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation.
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45
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Abstract
Brain inflammaging is increasingly considered as contributing to age-related cognitive loss and neurodegeneration. Despite intensive research in multiple models, no clinically effective pharmacological treatment has been found yet. Here, in the mouse model of brain senescence SAMP8, we tested the effects of proinsulin, a promising neuroprotective agent that was previously proven to be effective in mouse models of retinal neurodegeneration. Proinsulin is the precursor of the hormone insulin but also upholds developmental physiological effects, particularly as a survival factor for neural cells. Adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 1 bearing the human proinsulin gene were administered intramuscularly to obtain a sustained release of proinsulin into the blood stream, which was able to reach the target area of the hippocampus. SAMP8 mice and the control strain SAMR1 were treated at 1 month of age. At 6 months, behavioral testing exhibited cognitive loss in SAMP8 mice treated with the null vector. Remarkably, the cognitive performance achieved in spatial and recognition tasks by SAMP8 mice treated with proinsulin was similar to that of SAMR1 mice. In the hippocampus, proinsulin induced the activation of neuroprotective pathways and the downstream signaling cascade, leading to the decrease of neuroinflammatory markers. Furthermore, the decrease of astrocyte reactivity was a central effect, as demonstrated in the connectome network of changes induced by proinsulin. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of human proinsulin unveil a new pharmacological potential therapy in the fight against cognitive loss in the elderly.
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46
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Prieto GA, Cotman CW. Cytokines and cytokine networks target neurons to modulate long-term potentiation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 34:27-33. [PMID: 28377062 PMCID: PMC5491344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play crucial roles in the communication between brain cells including neurons and glia, as well as in the brain-periphery interactions. In the brain, cytokines modulate long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate of memory. Whether cytokines regulate LTP by direct effects on neurons or by indirect mechanisms mediated by non-neuronal cells is poorly understood. Elucidating neuron-specific effects of cytokines has been challenging because most brain cells express cytokine receptors. Moreover, cytokines commonly increase the expression of multiple cytokines in their target cells, thus increasing the complexity of brain cytokine networks even after single-cytokine challenges. Here, we review evidence on both direct and indirect-mediated modulation of LTP by cytokines. We also describe novel approaches based on neuron- and synaptosome-enriched systems to identify cytokines able to directly modulate LTP, by targeting neurons and synapses. These approaches can test multiple samples in parallel, thus allowing the study of multiple cytokines simultaneously. Hence, a cytokine networks perspective coupled with neuron-specific analysis may contribute to delineation of maps of the modulation of LTP by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aleph Prieto
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Carl W Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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47
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Kelly MEM, Lehmann C, Zhou J. The Endocannabinoid System in Local and Systemic Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4199/c00151ed1v01y201702isp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Mancini A, Gaetani L, Di Gregorio M, Tozzi A, Ghiglieri V, Calabresi P, Di Filippo M. Hippocampal neuroplasticity and inflammation: relevance for multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40893-017-0019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 131:123-138. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in the central nervous system, promoting synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The BDNF gene structure is very complex and consists of multiple 5′-non-coding exons, which give rise to differently spliced transcripts, and one coding exon at the 3′-end. These multiple transcripts, together with the complex transcriptional regulatory machinery, lead to a complex and fine regulation of BDNF expression that can be tissue and stimulus specific. BDNF effects are mainly mediated by the high-affinity, tropomyosin-related, kinase B receptor and involve the activation of several downstream cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phospholipase C-γ and phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathways. BDNF exerts a wide range of effects on neuronal function, including the modulation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Importantly, alterations in BDNF expression and function are involved in different brain disorders and represent a major downstream mechanism for stress response, which has important implications in psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorders and schizophrenia. In the present review, we have summarized the main features of BDNF in relation to neuronal plasticity, stress response and pathological conditions, and discussed the role of BDNF as a possible target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in the context of psychiatric illnesses.
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50
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Ambrogini P, Betti M, Galati C, Di Palma M, Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Galli F, Cuppini R, Minelli A. α-Tocopherol and Hippocampal Neural Plasticity in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2107. [PMID: 27983697 PMCID: PMC5187907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is an "umbrella term" referring to the complex, multifaceted physiological processes that mediate the ongoing structural and functional modifications occurring, at various time- and size-scales, in the ever-changing immature and adult brain, and that represent the basis for fundamental neurocognitive behavioral functions; in addition, maladaptive neuroplasticity plays a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. Experiential cues and several endogenous and exogenous factors can regulate neuroplasticity; among these, vitamin E, and in particular α-tocopherol (α-T), the isoform with highest bioactivity, exerts potent effects on many plasticity-related events in both the physiological and pathological brain. In this review, the role of vitamin E/α-T in regulating diverse aspects of neuroplasticity is analyzed and discussed, focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure that remains highly plastic throughout the lifespan and is involved in cognitive functions. Vitamin E-mediated influences on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and related cognitive behavior, on post-natal development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as on cellular and molecular disruptions in kainate-induced temporal seizures are described. Besides underscoring the relevance of its antioxidant properties, non-antioxidant functions of vitamin E/α-T, mainly involving regulation of cell signaling molecules and their target proteins, have been highlighted to help interpret the possible mechanisms underlying the effects on neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - David Savelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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