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Halfhide C, Cammarano TL, Anderson KA, Galik SM, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL, Sandstrom MI. Using microdialysis to monitor dopaminergic support of limb-use control following mesencephalic neurosphere transplantation in a rodent model of Parkinson's Disease. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115121. [PMID: 38945302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Controlled nigrostriatal dopamine release supports effective limb use during locomotion coordination that becomes compromised after this pathway deteriorates in Parkinson's Disease (PD). How dopamine release relates to active ongoing behavior control remains unknown. Restoring proper release strategy appears important to successful PD treatment with transplanted dopamine-producing stem cells. This is suggested by apparently distinct behavioral support from tonic or phasic release and corresponding requirements of requisite afferent control exhibited by intact nigrostriatal neurons. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that transplanted dopaminergic cells can elicit skilled movement recovery known to depend on phasic dopamine release. However, efforts to measure this movement-related dopamine release yielded seemingly paradoxical, incongruent results. In response, here we explored whether those previous observations derived from rapid reuptake transport into either transplanted cells or residual, lesion-surviving terminals. We confirmed this using minimal reuptake blockade during intrastriatal microdialysis. After unilateral dopamine depletion, rats received transplants and were subjected to our swimming protocol. Among dopamine-depleted and transplanted rats, treatment supported restoration of limb movement symmetry. Interestingly, subsequent reuptake-restricted microdialysis confirmed distinct swimming-induced dopamine increases clearly occurred among these lesioned/transplanted subjects. Thus, phasic firing control appears to contribute to transplant-derived recovery in Parkinsonian animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Halfhide
- Central Michigan University, Program in Neuroscience, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Tommie L Cammarano
- Central Michigan University, Program in Neuroscience, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Kevin A Anderson
- Central Michigan University, Experimental Psychology Program, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Stefani M Galik
- Central Michigan University, Experimental Psychology Program, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Central Michigan University, Program in Neuroscience, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States; Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Central Michigan University, Program in Neuroscience, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States; Central Michigan University, Experimental Psychology Program, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Michael I Sandstrom
- Central Michigan University, Program in Neuroscience, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States; Central Michigan University, Experimental Psychology Program, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States.
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2
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Luthra NS, Christou DD, Clow A, Corcos DM. Targeting neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease with exercise. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1228444. [PMID: 37746149 PMCID: PMC10514367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1228444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent and complex age-related neurodegenerative condition for which there are no disease-modifying treatments currently available. The pathophysiological process underlying PD remains incompletely understood but increasing evidence points to multiple system dysfunction. Interestingly, the past decade has produced evidence that exercise not only reduces signs and symptoms of PD but is also potentially neuroprotective. Characterizing the mechanistic pathways that are triggered by exercise and lead to positive outcomes will improve understanding of how to counter disease progression and symptomatology. In this review, we highlight how exercise regulates the neuroendocrine system, whose primary role is to respond to stress, maintain homeostasis and improve resilience to aging. We focus on a group of hormones - cortisol, melatonin, insulin, klotho, and vitamin D - that have been shown to associate with various non-motor symptoms of PD, such as mood, cognition, and sleep/circadian rhythm disorder. These hormones may represent important biomarkers to track in clinical trials evaluating effects of exercise in PD with the aim of providing evidence that patients can exert some behavioral-induced control over their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Sano H, Nambu A. Behavioral effects of zonisamide on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease model mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1221341. [PMID: 37441679 PMCID: PMC10333504 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1221341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zonisamide (ZNS; 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide) was initially developed and is commonly used as an anticonvulsant drug. However, it has also shown its beneficial effects on Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Recent clinical studies have suggested that ZNS can also have beneficial effects on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), which is a major side effect of long-term L-DOPA treatments for PD. In the present study, we examined the behavioral effects of ZNS on LID in PD model mice. Acute ZNS treatment did not have any observable behavioral effects on LID. Contrastingly, chronic ZNS treatment with L-DOPA delayed the peak of LID and reduced the severity of LID before the peak but increased the duration of LID in a dose-dependent manner of ZNS compared to PD model mice treated with L-DOPA alone. Thus, ZNS appears to have both beneficial and adverse effects on LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sano
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
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Parra I, Martínez I, Vásquez-Celaya L, Gongora-Alfaro JL, Tizabi Y, Mendieta L. Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:187-200. [PMID: 36662412 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is now well recognized that a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and the brain, referred to as the gut-brain axis, plays a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and that a disruption in this axis can result in neuroinflammatory response and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The protective action of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in various animal models of PD has been reported. Therefore, in this study, we used an inflammatory model of PD to assess the effects of a combination of these two probiotics (Microbiot®) on motor behavior as well as on the response of microglia, including microglia morphology, to gain a better understanding of their mechanism of action. Microbiot® (300 µL) was administered orally once daily for 15 days in a lipopolysaccharide-induced PD model using male Wistar rats. Although LPS-induced motor asymmetry in cylinder test was not affected by Microbiot®, impairment of motor coordination in the narrow-beam test was significantly reduced by this probiotic. Moreover, Microbiot® treatment reduced microglial activation suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. While further mechanistic investigation of Microbiot® in neurodegenerative diseases is warranted, our results support the potential utility of probiotics in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Parra
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Claudio CU, 14 Sur Y AvCol. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Claudio CU, 14 Sur Y AvCol. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Vásquez-Celaya
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr, Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jose L Gongora-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr, Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, San Claudio CU, 14 Sur Y AvCol. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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Hernández-Arrambide PE, Carrasco-Carballo A, Parra I, Chamorro-Arenas D, Martínez I, Luna F, Sartillo-Piscil F, Tizabi Y, Mendieta L. Antidepressant and Neuroprotective Effects of 3-Hydroxy Paroxetine, an Analog of Paroxetine in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:230-239. [PMID: 36433759 PMCID: PMC10032298 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxetine (PX) is a widely used antidepressant with side effects such as weakness, dizziness, and trouble sleeping. In search of novel compounds with better efficacy and fewer side effects, we synthesized 3HPX, a hydroxylated analog of PX, and compared the 2 in silico for their pharmacokinetic and binding properties and in vivo for their antidepressant and potential neuroprotective effects. METHODS In silico studies compared pharmacological properties as well as interactions of PX and 3HPX with the serotonin transporter. In vivo studies utilized an animal model of comorbid depression-Parkinson disease. Adult male Wistar rats were injected (sterotaxically) with lipopolysaccharide in the striatum (unilaterally), followed by 14 days of once-daily injections (i.p.) of 10 mg/kg PX or 3HPX. Animals were tested for motor asymmetry and locomotor activity as well as indices of anhedonia and helplessness using sucrose preference and forced swim tests, respectively. Brains of these animals were collected after the last test, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta and Iba-1-positive stained microglia in ipsilateral striatum were measured. RESULTS In silico findings indicated that 3HPX could bind stronger to serotonin transporter and also have a better clearance and hence less toxicity compared with PX. In vivo results revealed a more effective reversal of immobility in the swim test, substantial increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and more ramified Iba-1+ cells by 3HPX compared with PX. CONCLUSION The findings suggest superior effectiveness of 3HPX as an antidepressant and neuroprotectant compared with PX and hence potential utility in Parkinson disease depression co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Carrasco-Carballo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irving Parra
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Delfino Chamorro-Arenas
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Félix Luna
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fernando Sartillo-Piscil
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Duman M, Jaggi S, Enz LS, Jacob C, Schaeren-Wiemers N. Theophylline Induces Remyelination and Functional Recovery in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Neuropathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061418. [PMID: 35740439 PMCID: PMC9219657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a large group of inherited peripheral neuropathies that are primarily due to demyelination and/or axonal degeneration. CMT type 1A (CMT1A), which is caused by the duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene, is a demyelinating and the most frequent CMT subtype. Hypermyelination, demyelination, and secondary loss of large-caliber axons are hallmarks of CMT1A, and there is currently no cure and no efficient treatment to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. We previously showed that histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) are critical for Schwann cell developmental myelination and remyelination after a sciatic nerve crush lesion. We also demonstrated that a short-term treatment with Theophylline, which is a potent activator of HDAC2, enhances remyelination and functional recovery after a sciatic nerve crush lesion in mice. In the present study, we tested whether Theophylline treatment could also lead to (re)myelination in a PMP22-overexpressing mouse line (C22) modeling CMT1A. Indeed, we show here that a short-term treatment with Theophylline in C22 mice increases the percentage of myelinated large-caliber axons and the expression of the major peripheral myelin protein P0 and induces functional recovery. This pilot study suggests that Theophylline treatment could be beneficial to promote myelination and thereby prevent axonal degeneration and enhance functional recovery in CMT1A patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Duman
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jaggi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (S.J.); (L.S.E.); (N.S.-W.)
| | - Lukas Simon Enz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (S.J.); (L.S.E.); (N.S.-W.)
| | - Claire Jacob
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (S.J.); (L.S.E.); (N.S.-W.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Neural stem cell secretome exerts a protective effect on damaged neuron mitochondria in Parkinson's disease model. Brain Res 2022; 1790:147978. [PMID: 35690143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological changes are the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. There is still no effective cure for PD, and cell replacement therapy has entered a bottleneck period due to tumorigenicity and rejection. Therefore, stem cell secretome has received widespread attention. However, the exploration of the secretome components of neural stem cells (NSCs) is still in its infancy. In this study, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to establish a PD rat model in vito and the PC12 cell-damaged model in vitro. The results indicated that the injection of neural stem cell-conditioned medium (NSC-CM) into the striatum and substantia nigra could improve the motor and non-motor deficits of PD rats and rescue the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, NSC-CM alleviated 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, reduced the level of oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. Parkinson disease protein 7 (Park7) was found in NSC-CM by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and it may be related to the protective effect of NSC-CM on 6-OHDA-injured neurons through Sirt1 pathway. In conclusion, NSC secretome might provide new ideas for the treatment of PD.
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8
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Castro SL, Tapias V, Gathagan R, Emes A, Brandon TE, Smith AD. Blueberry Juice Augments Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection in a Parkinson’s Disease Model Through Modulation of GDNF Levels. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:217-227. [PMID: 35321527 PMCID: PMC8935512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and consumption of plant-based foods rich in polyphenols are attractive therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Few studies, however, have examined the neuroprotective efficacy of combining these treatment modalities against PD. Therefore we investigated whether combining voluntary running and consumption of blueberry juice (BBJ) was more efficacious against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicity than either treatment alone. Four weeks of running before and after intrastriatal 6-OHDA reduced amphetamine-induced rotational behavior and loss of substantia nigra dopamine (DA) neurons. BBJ consumption alone had no ameliorative effects, but when combined with exercise, behavioral deficits and nigrostriatal DA neurodegeneration were reduced to a greater extent than exercise alone. The neuroprotection observed with exercise alone was associated with an increase in striatal glial cell-lined derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), whereas combining exercise and BBJ was associated with an increase in nigral GDNF. These results suggest that polyphenols may potentiate the protective effects of exercise and that differential regulation of GDNF expression underlies protection observed with exercise alone versus combined treatment with consumption of BBJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Castro
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Victor Tapias
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Ronald Gathagan
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexandra Emes
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Amanda D. Smith
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
- Correspondence to: Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240.
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Sangarapillai K, Norman BM, Almeida QJ. Boxing vs Sensory Exercise for Parkinson's Disease: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:769-777. [PMID: 34121511 PMCID: PMC8414806 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211023197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Exercise is increasingly becoming recognized as an important adjunct to medications in the clinical management of Parkinson's disease (PD). Boxing and sensory exercise have shown immediate benefits, but whether they continue beyond program completion is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of boxing and sensory training on motor symptoms of PD, and whether these benefits remain upon completion of the intervention. Methods. In this 20-week double-blinded randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with idiopathic PD were randomized into 2 treatment groups, (n = 20) boxing or (n = 20) sensory exercise. Participants completed 10 weeks of intervention. Motor symptoms were assessed at (week 0, 10, and 20) using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III). Data were analyzed using SPSS, and repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted. Results. A significant interaction effect between groups and time were observed F(1, 39) = 4.566, P = .036, where the sensory group improved in comparison to the boxing group. Post hoc analysis revealed that in comparison to boxing, the effects of exercise did not wear off at washout (week 20) P < .006. Conclusion. Future rehabilitation research should incorporate similar measures to explore whether effects of exercise wear off post intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishoree Sangarapillai
- Movement Disorders Research and
Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin M. Norman
- Movement Disorders Research and
Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Quincy J. Almeida
- Movement Disorders Research and
Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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10
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Renko JM, Mahato AK, Visnapuu T, Valkonen K, Karelson M, Voutilainen MH, Saarma M, Tuominen RK, Sidorova YA. Neuroprotective Potential of a Small Molecule RET Agonist in Cultured Dopamine Neurons and Hemiparkinsonian Rats. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:1023-1046. [PMID: 34024778 PMCID: PMC8461720 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder where loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum cause characteristic motor symptoms. Currently, no treatment is able to halt the progression of PD. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) rescues degenerating dopamine neurons both in vitro and in animal models of PD. When tested in PD patients, however, the outcomes from intracranial GDNF infusion paradigms have been inconclusive, mainly due to poor pharmacokinetic properties. OBJECTIVE We have developed drug-like small molecules, named BT compounds that activate signaling through GDNF's receptor, the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase RET, both in vitro and in vivo and are able to penetrate through the blood-brain barrier. Here we evaluated the properties of BT44, a second generation RET agonist, in immortalized cells, dopamine neurons and rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of PD. METHODS We used biochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral methods to evaluate the effects of BT44 on dopamine system in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS BT44 selectively activated RET and intracellular pro-survival AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in immortalized cells. In primary midbrain dopamine neurons cultured in serum-deprived conditions, BT44 promoted the survival of the neurons derived from wild-type, but not from RET knockout mice. BT44 also protected cultured wild-type dopamine neurons from MPP+-induced toxicity. In a rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of PD, BT44 reduced motor imbalance and seemed to protect dopaminergic fibers in the striatum. CONCLUSION BT44 holds potential for further development into a novel, possibly disease-modifying, therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho-Matti Renko
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanel Visnapuu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konsta Valkonen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mati Karelson
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo K Tuominen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yulia A Sidorova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Mah KM, Torres-Espín A, Hallworth BW, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Fouad K, Fenrich KK. Automation of training and testing motor and related tasks in pre-clinical behavioural and rehabilitative neuroscience. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113647. [PMID: 33600814 PMCID: PMC10443427 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Testing and training animals in motor and related tasks is a cornerstone of pre-clinical behavioural and rehabilitative neuroscience. Yet manually testing and training animals in these tasks is time consuming and analyses are often subjective. Consequently, there have been many recent advances in automating both the administration and analyses of animal behavioural training and testing. This review is an in-depth appraisal of the history of, and recent developments in, the automation of animal behavioural assays used in neuroscience. We describe the use of common locomotor and non-locomotor tasks used for motor training and testing before and after nervous system injury. This includes a discussion of how these tasks help us to understand the underlying mechanisms of neurological repair and the utility of some tasks for the delivery of rehabilitative training to enhance recovery. We propose two general approaches to automation: automating the physical administration of behavioural tasks (i.e., devices used to facilitate task training, rehabilitative training, and motor testing) and leveraging the use of machine learning in behaviour analysis to generate large volumes of unbiased and comprehensive data. The advantages and disadvantages of automating various motor tasks as well as the limitations of machine learning analyses are examined. In closing, we provide a critical appraisal of the current state of automation in animal behavioural neuroscience and a prospective on some of the advances in machine learning we believe will dramatically enhance the usefulness of these approaches for behavioural neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Men Mah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Abel Torres-Espín
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben W Hallworth
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John L Bixby
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith K Fenrich
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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12
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Brazhnik E, Novikov N, McCoy AJ, Ilieva NM, Ghraib MW, Walters JR. Early decreases in cortical mid-gamma peaks coincide with the onset of motor deficits and precede exaggerated beta build-up in rat models for Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105393. [PMID: 34000417 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that exaggerated beta range local field potentials (LFP) in basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits constitute an important biomarker for feedback for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients, although the role of this phenomenon in triggering parkinsonian motor symptoms remains unclear. A useful model for probing the causal role of motor circuit LFP synchronization in motor dysfunction is the unilateral dopamine cell-lesioned rat, which shows dramatic motor deficits walking contralaterally to the lesion but can walk steadily ipsilaterally on a circular treadmill. Within hours after 6-OHDA injection, rats show marked deficits in ipsilateral walking with early loss of significant motor cortex (MCx) LFP peaks in the mid-gamma 41-45 Hz range in the lesioned hemisphere; both effects were reversed by dopamine agonist administration. Increases in MCx and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) coherence and LFP power in the 29-40 Hz range emerged more gradually over 7 days, although without further progression of walking deficits. Twice-daily chronic dopamine antagonist treatment induced rapid onset of catalepsy and also reduced MCx 41-45 Hz LFP activity at 1 h, with increases in MCx and SNpr 29-40 Hz power/coherence emerging over 7 days, as assessed during periods of walking before the morning treatments. Thus, increases in high beta power in these parkinsonian models emerge gradually and are not linearly correlated with motor deficits. Earlier changes in cortical circuits, reflected in the rapid decreases in MCx LFP mid-gamma LFP activity, may contribute to evolving plasticity supporting increased beta range synchronized activity in basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits after loss of dopamine receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Brazhnik
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, United States of America
| | - Nikolay Novikov
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, United States of America
| | - Alex J McCoy
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, United States of America
| | - Neda M Ilieva
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, United States of America
| | - Marian W Ghraib
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, United States of America
| | - Judith R Walters
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, United States of America.
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13
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Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has attracted great interest for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to provide neuroprotection, repair the lesioned neuronal network and restore functionality. Parkinson's disease (PD), in particular, has been a preferred target because motor disability that constitutes a core pathology of the disease is associated with local loss of dopaminergic neurons in a specific brain area, the substantia nigra pars compacta. These cells project to the striatum where they deliver the neurotransmitter dopamine that is involved in control of many aspects of motor behavior. Therefore, cell transplantation approaches in PD aim to replenish dopamine deficiency in the striatum. A major challenge in developing cell therapy approaches is the ability to generate large numbers of transplantable cells in a reliable and reproducible manner. In recent years the technological breakthrough of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has demonstrated that this is possible at a preclinical level, accelerating clinical translation. A second important issue is to efficiently differentiate iPSCs into dopaminergic neuronal progenitors with restricted proliferation potential in order to avoid cellular overgrowth in vivo and minimize the risk of tumorigenesis. Here we describe an effective protocol that includes human iPSC differentiation to the dopaminergic lineage and enrichment in neuronal precursor cells expressing the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule PSA-NCAM, through magnetically activated cell sorting. The resulting cells are transplanted and shown to survive, differentiate, and integrate within a striatal lesion model generated by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine administration in mice of the NOD/SCID strain that supports xenografts.
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14
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Policastro G, Brunelli M, Tinazzi M, Chiamulera C, Emerich DF, Paolone G. Cytokine-, Neurotrophin-, and Motor Rehabilitation-Induced Plasticity in Parkinson's Disease. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8814028. [PMID: 33293946 PMCID: PMC7714573 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and cytokine-dependent neurotoxicity appear to be major contributors to the neuropathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). While pharmacological advancements have been a mainstay in the treatment of PD for decades, it is becoming increasingly clear that nonpharmacological approaches including traditional and nontraditional forms of exercise and physical rehabilitation can be critical adjunctive or even primary treatment avenues. Here, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical research detailing the biological role of proinflammatory molecules in PD and how motor rehabilitation can be used to therapeutically modulate neuroinflammation, restore neural plasticity, and improve motor function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Paolone
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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15
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Coloman II, Chimagomedova AS. [The influence of motor asymmetry on cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:74-79. [PMID: 33205934 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetry of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) reflects the asymmetry of the degenerative process and death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is confirmed by the data of functional neuroimaging. This review discusses a possible effect of the asymmetry of substantia nigra lesions on other PD symptoms, primarily neuropsychological functions. The authors summarize the data obtained in a comparative analysis of cognitive impairments in PD patients with right-sided and left-sided predominance of motor symptoms. The association between the asymmetry of motor and cognitive symptoms indicates the variability of the profile of cognitive impairments in PD, as well as an important modulating role of subcortical structures on neuropsychological functions traditionally referred to as cortical. The effect of lateralization of symptoms on cognitive function should be considered when evaluating and treating PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Coloman
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sh Chimagomedova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Landers MR, Ellis TD. A Mobile App Specifically Designed to Facilitate Exercise in Parkinson Disease: Single-Cohort Pilot Study on Feasibility, Safety, and Signal of Efficacy. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18985. [PMID: 33016887 PMCID: PMC7573700 DOI: 10.2196/18985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many people with Parkinson disease do not have access to exercise programs that are specifically tailored to their needs and capabilities. This mobile app allows people with Parkinson disease to access Parkinson disease–specific exercises that are individually tailored using in-app demographic questions and performance tests which are fed into an algorithm which in turn produces a video-guided exercise program. Objective To test the feasibility, safety, and signal of efficacy of a mobile app that facilitates exercise for people with Parkinson disease. Methods A prospective, single-cohort design of people with Parkinson disease who had downloaded the 9zest app for exercise was used for this 12-week pilot study. Participants, who were recruited online, were encouraged to exercise with the full automated app for ≥150 minutes each week. The primary endpoints were feasibility (app usage and usability questions) and safety (adverse events and falls). The primary endpoints for signal of efficacy were a comparison of the in-app baseline and 8-week outcomes on the 30-second Sit-To-Stand (STS) test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 8 (PDQ8). Results For feasibility, of the 28 participants that completed the study, 12 participants averaged >150 minutes of app usage per week (3 averaged 120-150, 4 averaged 90-120, and 9 averaged less than 90 minutes). A majority of participants (>74%) felt the exercise was of value (16/19; 9 nonrespondents), provided adequate instruction (14/19; 9 nonrespondents), and was appropriate for level of function (16/19; 9 nonrespondents). For safety, there were no serious adverse events that occurred during the app-guided exercise. There were 4 reports of strain/sprain injuries while using the app among 3 participants, none of which necessitated medical attention. For signal of efficacy, there was improvement for each of the primary endpoints: STS (P=.01), TUG (P<.001), and PDQ8 (P=.01). Conclusions Independent, video-guided exercise using a mobile app designed for exercise in Parkinson disease was safe and feasible though there was variability in app usage. Despite this, the results provide evidence for a signal of efficacy as there were improvements in 3 of the 3 outcomes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03459586; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03459586
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill R Landers
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Terry D Ellis
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Hall MFE, Church FC. Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E612. [PMID: 32899958 PMCID: PMC7563553 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder brought about due to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta region. PD presents most commonly in older adults and is a disorder of both motor and nonmotor dysfunction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and older individuals, those with preexisting medical conditions, or both have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 with more severe outcomes. People-with-Parkinson's (PwP) of advanced age can have both immune and autonomic nervous problems that potentially lead to pre-existing pulmonary dysfunction and higher infection risk, increasing the probability of contracting COVID-19. A lifestyle change involving moderate-intensity exercise has the potential to protect against SARS-CoV-2 through strengthening the immune system. In addition to a potential protective measure against SARS-CoV-2, exercise has been shown to improve quality-of-life (QoL) in PD patients. Recent studies provide evidence of exercise as both neuroprotective and neuroplastic. This article is a literature review investigating the role exercise plays in modifying the immune system, improving health outcomes in PwP, and potentially acting as a protective measure against SARS-Cov-2 infection. We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank C. Church
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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18
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Crotty GF, Schwarzschild MA. Chasing Protection in Parkinson's Disease: Does Exercise Reduce Risk and Progression? Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:186. [PMID: 32636740 PMCID: PMC7318912 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise may be the most commonly offered yet least consistently followed therapeutic advice for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiological studies of prospectively followed cohorts have shown a lower risk for later developing PD in healthy people who report moderate to high levels of physical activity, and slower rates of motor and non-motor symptom progression in people with PD who report higher baseline physical activity. In animal models of PD, exercise can reduce inflammation, decrease α-synuclein expression, reduce mitochondrial dysfunction, and increase neurotrophic growth factor expression. Randomized controlled trials of exercise in PD have provided clear evidence for short-term benefits on many PD measurements scales, ranging from disease severity to quality of life. In this review, we present these convergent epidemiological and laboratory data with particular attention to translationally relevant features of exercise (e.g., intensity requirements, gender differences, and associated biomarkers). In the context of these findings we will discuss clinical trial experience, design challenges, and emerging opportunities for determining whether exercise can prevent PD or slow its long-term progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F. Crotty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Long-Term Treatment with Fluvoxamine Decreases Nonmotor Symptoms and Dopamine Depletion in a Postnatal Stress Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1941480. [PMID: 32273939 PMCID: PMC7114775 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1941480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits are frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) and precede the onset of motor symptoms by years. We have recently explored the short-term effects of Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on dopaminergic neurons in a parkinsonian rat model. Here, we report the long-term effects of Fluvoxamine, on early-life stress-induced changes in the brain and behavior. We specifically evaluated the effects of Fluvoxamine on brain mechanisms that contribute to NMS associated with PD in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model. A 14-day early postnatal maternal separation protocol was applied to model early-life stress followed by unilateral intracerebral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to model aspects of parkinsonism in rats. The anxiolytic, antidepressant, and cognitive effects of Fluvoxamine were confirmed using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, sucrose preference test (SPT), and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Further to that, our results showed that animals exposed to early-life stress displayed increased plasma corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which were attenuated by Fluvoxamine treatment. A 6-OHDA lesion effect was evidenced by impairment in the limb-use asymmetry test as well as decreased dopamine (DA) and serotonin levels in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. These effects were surprisingly attenuated by Fluvoxamine treatment in all treated rats. This study is the first to suggest that early and long-term treatment of neuropsychological diseases with Fluvoxamine may decrease the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in the course of PD.
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20
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Hu Y, Zhang K, Zhang T, Wang J, Chen F, Qin W, Tong W, Guan Q, He Y, Gu C, Chen X, Kang UJ, Sun YE, Li S, Jin L. Exercise Reverses Dysregulation of T-Cell-Related Function in Blood Leukocytes of Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1389. [PMID: 32047471 PMCID: PMC6997272 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement and balance impairments. Although studies have reported improvement of motor symptoms with physical exercise, the mechanisms by which exercise is beneficial remains poorly understood. Our study addresses the exercise-induced changes to peripheral immune cells by interrogating the transcriptome of blood-derived leukocytes in PD patients before and after exercise. Patients attended 1 h exercise classes twice a week for 12 weeks. Leukocytes were collected at the beginning and end of the study for gene expression analysis by RNA-seq or quantitative real-time PCR. We correlated differentially expressed genes after exercise with clinical measures and analyzed the potential functions of gene changes with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analysis. Exercise improved measures of movement and balance when compared with scores before the exercise program. Among the gene changes, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analysis suggests that T-cell receptor signaling, T-cell activation, and T-cell migration pathways were downregulated, while the T-cell receptor signaling pathway was the most significantly correlated with clinical measures. To further investigate T-cell-related changes in PD leukocytes, we reanalyzed the differentially expressed genes from publicly available microarray data and found that genes in the T-cell activation, differentiation, and migration pathways were upregulated in PD samples compared to controls in a time-dependent manner. Together, our findings suggest that exercise rehabilitation may improve movement and balance in PD patients by reversing the upregulated T-cell activation pathways associated with PD. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under ChiCTR-TRC-14004707. Registered on May 27, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbang Wang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifang Tong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunya Gu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi E. Sun
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Adu TS, Mabandla MV. Effects of bromelain on motor responses following intra-medial forebrain bundle 6-OHDA injection in rat model of parkinsonism. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1557-1564. [PMID: 31332728 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The conventional therapeutic measures which include the widely used L-DOPA therapy, are inefficient especially when dopamine loss is severe, and the physical symptoms are full blown. Since neuroinflammation is a core feature of PD, this raised the question of whether early treatment with an anti-inflammatory agent may provide a more efficient intervention for PD. In this study, we investigated the effect of bromelain (an anti-inflammatory drug) on motor responses and dopamine levels in a parkinsonian rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were lesioned stereotaxically with the neurotoxin 6-OHDA. The anti-inflammatory agent, bromelain (40 mg/kg i.p) was used to treat a subset of the rats prior to or 24 h post 6-OHDA lesion. Locomotor activity was assessed after 6-OHDA injection, using the cylinder and step tests. The cortical and striatal concentrations of dopamine were also measured. 6-OHDA injection resulted in marked motor impairment which was prevented by pretreatment with bromelain prior to the lesion. Also, the injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle resulted in a significant reduction in dopamine concentration in the striatum and PFC. Bromelain treatment did not alter the suppression of cortical and striatal dopamine levels. Pre-treatment with bromelain reduced the motor dysfunction in the parkinsonian rat model of PD. The efficacy of treatment with bromelain does not appear to be via preservation of the dopaminergic system. The efficacy of bromelain in 6-OHDA injected rats still remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Samson Adu
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
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22
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Tsang AR, Rajakumar N, Jog MS. Botulinum toxin A injection into the entopeduncular nucleus improves dynamic locomotory parameters in hemiparkinsonian rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223450. [PMID: 31584986 PMCID: PMC6777827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is associated with hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), contributing to motor and gait disturbances. Although deep brain stimulation of the STN alleviates certain motor dysfunction, its specific effect on gait abnormalities remains controversial. This study investigated the long-term changes in locomotion following direct infusions of botulinum toxin-A into the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi) to suppress the flow of information from the STN to the GPi in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Static and dynamic gait parameters were quantified using a CatWalk apparatus. Interestingly, botulinum toxin-A at 0.5 ng significantly reduced only the dynamic gait parameters of hemiparkinsonian rats at 1 week and 1 month post-infusion, while static gait parameters did not change. This study offers new insights into the complexity of basal ganglia in locomotor control and shows the potential of central infusion of botulinum toxin-A as a novel intervention in the study of experimental hemiparkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna R. Tsang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nagalingam Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandar S. Jog
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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23
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Parra I, Martínez I, Ramírez-García G, Tizabi Y, Mendieta L. Differential Effects of LPS and 6-OHDA on Microglia's Morphology in Rats: Implications for Inflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:1-11. [PMID: 31478124 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of ~ 80% of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Because activation of the innate cellular immune response, mediated by microglia, has been linked to the neurodegeneration in PD, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on microglia's morphology, reflective of their activity, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in SNpc and motor behavior. Adult male Wistar rats were stereotactically injected with LPS or 6-OHDA into the left dorsolateral striatum. Control groups received appropriate vehicle. The morphological changes of microglial cells and neurotoxic effects were examined at 1, 7, and 14 post-injection days. Both LPS and 6-OHDA caused activation and morphological changes in microglial cells as well as loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc. These effects were maximal at 14 days post-injection where motor impairments were also evident. However, our findings indicate that 6-OHDA causes a low degree of microglia activation compared to LPS. Hence, it may be concluded that LPS model of PD might be a better representation of inflammatory involvement in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Parra
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio CU, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio CU, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Ramírez-García
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio CU, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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24
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Msibi ZNP, Mabandla MV. Oleanolic Acid Mitigates 6-Hydroxydopamine Neurotoxicity by Attenuating Intracellular ROS in PC12 Cells and Striatal Microglial Activation in Rat Brains. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1059. [PMID: 31496954 PMCID: PMC6712087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a biologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, has been implicated in a number of clinical benefits including antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. OA has been previously shown to ameliorate the toxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), however, the mechanism by which this effect is exhibited is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of OA in attenuation of microglial activation in 6-OHDA induced Parkinsonian rat model. We also explored the ability of OA to attenuate 6-OHDA-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus prevent cell death in PC12 cells. We accessed the utility of immunohistochemistry to assess striatal microglial activation, where shape descriptors such as area, perimeter, Feret's diameter, aspect ratio and solidity were determined using the Fiji ImageJ software. Intracellular ROS and cell viability were assessed in PC12 cells using the OxiSelectTM Intracellular ROS Assay Kit and MTT assay, respectively. We found that microglial activation was decreased in rats pre-treated with OA prior to 6-OHDA insult as well as in rats treated with OA 1 day post 6-OHDA exposure when compared to untreated rats, as determined by shape descriptors. This finding was in correlation with significantly improved motor symptoms and increased striatal dopamine in treated rats as compared to non-treated rats. Flow cytometry assessment of PC12 cells revealed a decreased amount of intracellular ROS in cells pre-treated with OA 6 h prior to 6-OHDA exposure and cells treated with OA 1 h post 6-OHDA exposure, suggesting that OA provides neuroprotection in PC12 cells by removing intracellular ROS, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Our finding suggest that OA exhibits its neuroprotective effect by attenuating striatal microglial activation, which results in neuroinflammation that is implicated in Parkinson's disease pathology. Further studies detailing the mechanism by which OA interacts with microglia may be useful in understanding the role of OA in attenuating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zama N P Msibi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Musa V Mabandla
- Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Landers MR, Johnson KN, Johnson S, Ormsby T, Salgo DC, Zorn JB, Lyle J, Murtishaw AS, Salazar AM, Kinney JW. Pre-diagnosis physical activity habits are associated with age of diagnosis in Parkinson's disease. Clin Park Relat Disord 2019; 1:25-30. [PMID: 34316595 PMCID: PMC8288698 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest that exercise may be neuroprotective when implemented before the clinical presentation of Parkinson's disease (PD). Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), theorized to play a role in neuroprotection, are affected by its genotype and exercise. Here we explore this previously unstudied interaction on age at diagnosis and severity of symptoms. METHODS 76 participants with PD submitted buccal cells to determine BDNF genotype, completed the modified Lifetime Physical Activity Questionnaire to determine exercise habits, and were assessed using the Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (MDS-UPDRS-III) and the Mini-Balance Evaluations Test (MBT). For aim 1 (age at diagnosis), 60 participants (age = 69.6 ± 7.4; males = 45, females = 15) were analyzed. For aim 2 (severity of symptoms), 54 participants (age = 70.0 ± 7.6; males = 41, females = 13) were analyzed. RESULTS The final hierarchical regression model for age at diagnosis produced an R2 = 0.146, p = .033; however, the only significant variable in the final model was average moderate physical activity from ages 20s to 40s (p = .009). The regression for MDS-UPDRS III was not significant; however, the regression for MBT was, p = .0499. In the final model, 23.1% of the variance was explained. Years since diagnosis (p = .014) and average vigorous physical activity from ages 20s to 40s (p = .047) were the only predictors in the final model. CONCLUSIONS While a strong interaction between BDNF genotype and lifetime physical activity was not observed, our results suggest that lifetime exercise may be neuroprotective in PD. Specifically, higher amounts of moderate PA were associated with an older age at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill R. Landers
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 453029, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Kyle N. Johnson
- Encompass Health Rehabilitation Hospital of Las Vegas, 1250 South Valley View Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Samantha Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 453029, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Tyler Ormsby
- Encompass Health Rehabilitation Hospital of Henderson, Henderson, NV 89052, USA
| | - Danielle C. Salgo
- Custom Physical Therapy, 1450 E Prater Way Unit 103, Sparks, NV 89434, USA
| | - Jessica B. Zorn
- Benchmark Human Services, 11350 Random Hills Road, Suite 885, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - James Lyle
- 11257 Mile 2 E., Mercedes, TX 78570, USA
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Lai JH, Chen KY, Wu JCC, Olson L, Brené S, Huang CZ, Chen YH, Kang SJ, Ma KH, Hoffer BJ, Hsieh TH, Chiang YH. Voluntary exercise delays progressive deterioration of markers of metabolism and behavior in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146301. [PMID: 31226324 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although a good deal is known about the genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and information is emerging about its cause, there are no pharmacological treatments shown to have a significant, sustained capacity to prevent or attenuate the ongoing neurodegenerative processes. However, there is accumulating clinical results to suggest that physical exercise is such a treatment, and studies of animal models of the dopamine (DA) deficiency associated with the motor symptoms of PD further support this hypothesis. Exercise is a non-pharmacological, economically practical, and sustainable intervention with little or no risk and with significant additional health benefits. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of voluntary exercise on motor behavior and brain biochemistry in the transgenic MitoPark mouse PD model with progressive degeneration of the DA systems caused by DAT-driven deletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM in DA neurons. We found that voluntary exercise markedly improved behavioral function, including overall motor activity, narrow beam walking, and rotarod performance. There was also improvement of biochemical markers of nigrostriatal DA input. This was manifested by increased levels of DA measured by HPLC, and of the DA membrane transporter measured by PET. Moreover, exercise increased oxygen consumption and, by inference, ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, exercise augmented aerobic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism vs glycolysis in the nigrostriatal system. We conclude that there are clear-cut physiological mechanisms for beneficial effects of exercise in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Huei Lai
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Chung-Che Wu
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Brené
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chi-Zong Huang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Jhen Kang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Crabbé M, Van der Perren A, Kounelis S, Lavreys T, Bormans G, Baekelandt V, Casteels C, Van Laere K. Temporal changes in neuroinflammation and brain glucose metabolism in a rat model of viral vector-induced α-synucleinopathy. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112964. [PMID: 31136763 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rat models based on viral vector-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein are regarded as highly valuable models that closely mimic cardinal features of human Parkinson's disease (PD) such as L-DOPA-dependent motor impairment, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein inclusions. To date, the downstream effects of dopaminergic cell loss on brain glucose metabolism, including the neuroinflammation component, have not been phenotyped in detail for this model. Cerebral glucose metabolism was monitored throughout different stages of the disease using in vivo 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and was combined with in vitro [18F]DPA-714 autoradiography to assess concomitant inflammation. Rats were unilaterally injected with recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 2/7 (rAAV2/7) encoding either A53T α-synuclein or eGFP. Brain [18F]FDG microPET was performed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 weeks post-surgery, in combination with behavioral tests. As a second experiment, [18F]DPA-714 autoradiography was executed across the same timeline. Voxel-based analysis of relative [18F]FDG uptake showed a dynamic pattern of PD-related metabolic changes throughout the disease progression (weeks 2-9). Glucose hypermetabolism covering a large bilateral area reaching from the insular, motor- and somatosensory cortex to the striatum was observed at week 2. At week 4, hypermetabolism presented in a cluster covering the ipsilateral nigra-thalamic region, whereas hypometabolism was noted in the ipsilateral striatum at week 6. Elevated [18F]FDG uptake was seen in a cluster extending across the contralateral striatum, motor- and somatosensory cortex at week 9. Increased [18F]FDG in the region of the substantia nigra was associated with increased [18F]DPA-714 binding, and correlated significantly with motor symptoms. These findings point to disease-associated metabolic and neuroinflammatory changes taking place in the primary area of dopaminergic neurodegeneration but also closely interconnected motor and somatosensory brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crabbé
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Savannah Kounelis
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Lavreys
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cindy Casteels
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Francardo V, Geva M, Bez F, Denis Q, Steiner L, Hayden MR, Cenci MA. Pridopidine Induces Functional Neurorestoration Via the Sigma-1 Receptor in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:465-479. [PMID: 30756361 PMCID: PMC6554374 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pridopidine is a small molecule in clinical development for the treatment of Huntington's disease. It was recently found to have high binding affinity to the sigma-1 receptor, a chaperone protein involved in cellular defense mechanisms and neuroplasticity. Here, we have evaluated the neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of pridopidine in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of parkinsonism in mice. By 5 weeks of daily administration, a low dose of pridopidine (0.3 mg/kg) had significantly improved deficits in forelimb use (cylinder test, stepping test) and abolished the ipsilateral rotational bias typical of hemiparkinsonian animals. A higher dose of pridopidine (1 mg/kg) significantly improved only the rotational bias, with a trend towards improvement in forelimb use. The behavioral recovery induced by pridopidine 0.3 mg/kg was accompanied by a significant protection of nigral dopamine cell bodies, an increased dopaminergic fiber density in the striatum, and striatal upregulation of GDNF, BDNF, and phosphorylated ERK1/2. The beneficial effects of pridopidine 0.3 mg/kg were absent in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice lacking the sigma-1 receptor. Pharmacokinetic data confirmed that the effective dose of pridopidine reached brain concentrations sufficient to bind S1R. Our results are the first to show that pridopidine promotes functional neurorestoration in the damaged nigrostriatal system acting via the sigma-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC F11, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Francesco Bez
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC F11, Lund, Sweden
| | - Quentin Denis
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC F11, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lilach Steiner
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Global Research and Development, Netanya, Israel
| | | | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC F11, Lund, Sweden.
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The effects of zonisamide on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease model mice. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:171-180. [PMID: 30639196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and shows motor dysfunctions. Zonisamide (ZNS, 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide), which was originally developed as an antiepileptic drug, was also found to have beneficial effects on motor symptoms in PD. In the current study, we have investigated the behavioral and physiological effects of ZNS on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD model mice. Chronic administration of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD model mice was shown to increase the duration and severity of LID compared with PD model mice that were treated with L-DOPA alone. To elucidate the neural mechanism of the effects of ZNS on LID, we examined neuronal activity in the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, i.e., the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Chronic administration of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD mice decreased the firing rate in the SNr while they showed apparent LID. In addition, chronic treatment of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD mice changed cortically evoked responses in the SNr during LID. In the control state, motor cortical stimulation induces the triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation. In contrast, L-DOPA plus ZNS-treated PD mice showed longer inhibition and reduced late excitation. Previous studies proposed that inhibition in the SNr is derived from the direct pathway and releases movements, and that late excitation is derived from the indirect pathway and stops movements. These changes of the direct and indirect pathways possibly underlie the effects of ZNS on LID.
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A High-Intensity Exercise Boot Camp for Persons With Parkinson Disease: A Phase II, Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Feasibility, Safety, Signal of Efficacy, and Disease Mechanisms. J Neurol Phys Ther 2019; 43:12-25. [DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Anselmi L, Bove C, Coleman FH, Le K, Subramanian MP, Venkiteswaran K, Subramanian T, Travagli RA. Ingestion of subthreshold doses of environmental toxins induces ascending Parkinsonism in the rat. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2018; 4:30. [PMID: 30302391 PMCID: PMC6160447 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that environmental neurotoxicants or misfolded α-synuclein generated by such neurotoxicants are transported from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve, triggering degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and causing Parkinson's disease (PD). We tested the hypothesis that gastric co-administration of subthreshold doses of lectins and paraquat can recreate the pathology and behavioral manifestations of PD in rats. A solution containing paraquat + lectin was administered daily for 7 days via gastric gavage, followed by testing for Parkinsonian behavior and gastric dysmotility. At the end of the experiment, brainstem and midbrain tissues were analyzed for the presence of misfolded α-synuclein and neuronal loss in the SNpc and in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Misfolded α-synuclein was found in DMV and SNpc neurons. A significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic neurons was noted in the SNpc, conversely there was no apparent loss of cholinergic neurons of the DMV. Nigrovagally-evoked gastric motility was impaired in treated rats prior to the onset of parkinsonism, the motor deficits of which were improved by l-dopa treatment. Vagotomy prevented the development of parkinsonian symptoms and constrained the appearance of misfolded α-synuclein to myenteric neurons. These data demonstrate that co-administration of subthreshold doses of paraquat and lectin induces progressive, l-dopa-responsive parkinsonism that is preceded by gastric dysmotility. This novel preclinical model of environmentally triggered PD provides functional support for Braak's staging hypothesis of idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Anselmi
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - C. Bove
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - F. H. Coleman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - K. Le
- Department of Neurology, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - M. P. Subramanian
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - K. Venkiteswaran
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - T. Subramanian
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - R. A. Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
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Corwin C, Nikolopoulou A, Pan AL, Nunez-Santos M, Vallabhajosula S, Serrano P, Babich J, Figueiredo-Pereira ME. Prostaglandin D2/J2 signaling pathway in a rat model of neuroinflammation displaying progressive parkinsonian-like pathology: potential novel therapeutic targets. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:272. [PMID: 30236122 PMCID: PMC6146649 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandins are products of the cyclooxygenase pathway, which is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Limited knowledge is available on mechanisms by which prostaglandins contribute to PD neurodegeneration. To address this gap, we focused on the prostaglandin PGD2/J2 signaling pathway, because PGD2 is the most abundant prostaglandin in the brain, and the one that increases the most under pathological conditions. Moreover, PGJ2 is spontaneously derived from PGD2. METHODS In this study, we determined in rats the impact of unilateral nigral PGJ2-microinfusions on COX-2, lipocalin-type PGD2 synthase (L-PGDS), PGD2/J2 receptor 2 (DP2), and 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Nigral dopaminergic (DA) and microglial distribution and expression levels of these key factors of the prostaglandin D2/J2 pathway were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. PGJ2-induced motor deficits were assessed with the cylinder test. We also determined whether oral treatment with ibuprofen improved the PD-like pathology induced by PGJ2. RESULTS PGJ2 treatment induced progressive PD-like pathology in the rats. Concomitant with DA neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), PGJ2-treated rats exhibited microglia and astrocyte activation and motor deficits. In DA neurons, COX-2, L-PGDS, and 15-PGDH levels increased significantly in PGJ2-treated rats compared to controls, while DP2 receptor levels were unchanged. In microglia, DP2 receptors were basically non-detectable, while COX-2 and L-PGDS levels increased upon PGJ2-treatment, and 15-PGDH remained unchanged. 15-PGDH was also detected in oligodendrocytes. Notably, ibuprofen prevented most PGJ2-induced PD-like pathology. CONCLUSIONS The PGJ2-induced rat model develops progressive PD pathology, which is a hard-to-mimic aspect of this disorder. Moreover, prevention of most PGJ2-induced PD-like pathology with ibuprofen suggests a positive feedback mechanism between PGJ2 and COX-2 that could lead to chronic neuroinflammation. Notably, this is the first study that analyzes the nigral dopaminergic and microglial distribution and levels of factors of the PGD2/J2 signaling pathway in rodents. Our findings support the notions that upregulation of COX-2 and L-PGDS may be important in the PGJ2 evoked PD-like pathology, and that neuronal DP2 receptor antagonists and L-PGDS inhibitors may be novel pharmacotherapeutics to relieve neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration in PD, circumventing the adverse side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhyon Corwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, Neuroscience Collaborative Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Allen L Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, Neuroscience Collaborative Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mariela Nunez-Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, Neuroscience Collaborative Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Peter Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Babich
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, Neuroscience Collaborative Program, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Hawlitschka A, Holzmann C, Wree A, Antipova V. Repeated Intrastriatal Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in Hemiparkinsonian Rats Increased the Beneficial Effect on Rotational Behavior. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E368. [PMID: 30208596 PMCID: PMC6162461 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Injection of botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) into the striatum of hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats reduced apomorphine-induced rotation behavior significantly, for at least 3 months. Thereafter, rotation behavior increased again. We injected hemi-PD rats with 1 ng BoNT-A twice, the second injection following 6 months after the first one and tested the rats for apomorphine-induced rotations and spontaneous motor behaviors, i.e., corridor task and stepping test. To test the hypothesis that BoNT-A reduced striatal hypercholinism in hemi-PD rats, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil was injected prior to separate apomorphine-induced rotation tests. In hemi-PD rats, the first BoNT-A injection led to a clear reduction of the apomorphine-induced rotations, and the second BoNT-A injection to a more massive and prolonged reaction. In hemi-PD rats whose apomorphine-induced rotation behavior was strongly reduced by an intrastriatal BoNT-A, subsequent donepezil injections led to significant increases of the rotation rate. Concerning corridor task and stepping test, neither first nor second BoNT-A injections changed hemi-PD rats' behavior significantly. The data give evidence for the possibility of repeated intrastriatal administrations of BoNT-A, for treatment of motor symptoms in experimental hemi-PD over a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Holzmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Rostock University Medical Center, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Veronica Antipova
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Nitric oxide alterations in cardiovascular system of rats with Parkinsonism induced by 6-OHDA and submitted to previous exercise. Life Sci 2018; 204:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ferrazzoli D, Ortelli P, Madeo G, Giladi N, Petzinger GM, Frazzitta G. Basal ganglia and beyond: The interplay between motor and cognitive aspects in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:294-308. [PMID: 29733882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunctions, affecting the motor behaviour. We summarize evidence that the interplay between motor and cognitive approaches is crucial in PD rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is complementary to pharmacological therapy and effective in reducing the PD disturbances, probably acting by inducing neuroplastic effects. The motor behaviour results from a complex integration between cortical and subcortical areas, underlying the motor, cognitive and motivational aspects of movement. The close interplay amongst these areas makes possible to learn, control and express habitual-automatic actions, which are dysfunctional in PD. The physiopathology of PD could be considered the base for the development of effective rehabilitation treatments. As the volitional action control is spared in early-medium stages of disease, rehabilitative approaches engaging cognition permit to achieve motor benefits and appear to be the most effective for PD. We will point out data supporting the relevance of targeting both motor and cognitive aspects in PD rehabilitation. Finally, we will discuss the role of cognitive engagement in motor rehabilitation for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrazzoli
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital, Via Pelascini, 3, Gravedona ed Uniti, 22015, Como, Italy.
| | - Paola Ortelli
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital, Via Pelascini, 3, Gravedona ed Uniti, 22015, Como, Italy.
| | - Graziella Madeo
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital, Via Pelascini, 3, Gravedona ed Uniti, 22015, Como, Italy.
| | - Nir Giladi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Centre, Sieratzki Chair in Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Giselle M Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States; Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.
| | - Giuseppe Frazzitta
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital, Via Pelascini, 3, Gravedona ed Uniti, 22015, Como, Italy.
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36
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Müller J, Myers J. Association between physical fitness, cardiovascular risk factors, and Parkinson's disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1409-1415. [PMID: 29667433 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318771168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Exercise is a cornerstone of therapy for Parkinson's disease. This study addressed the association between physical fitness and the onset of Parkinson's disease and association with cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and methods Male veterans ( N = 7347, 59.0 ± 11.2 years) from the Veterans Exercise Testing Study cohort were evaluated. Physical fitness was measured objectively by maximal exercise testing. Onset of Parkinson's disease was abstracted from the Veterans Affairs computerized patient records system. Results After a mean follow-up of 12.5 ± 6.3 years, a total of 94 (1.3%) developed Parkinson's disease. Incidence was 86 cases per 100,000 person-years. The strongest multivariate factors associated with incidence of Parkinson's disease were higher age (hazard ratio: 1.067, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.043-1.093, p < .001), current smoking (hazard ratio: 0.511, 95% CI: 0.274-0.953, p = .035) and physical fitness (high vs. low: hazard ratio: 0.239, 95% CI: 0.079-0.725, p = .011). Compared with patients with no or only one of these risk factors, patients with two risk factors had a 3.7-fold ( p < .001) increased risk for incidence of Parkinson's disease; those with all three risk factors had a 7.8-fold ( p < .001) higher risk. Conclusions High physical fitness, current smoking and younger age were associated with a lower incidence of Parkinson's disease. These findings parallel those of several epidemiological studies focusing on physical activity and the onset of Parkinson's disease. Together, these observations provide strong support for recommending physical activity to diminish risk of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Müller
- 1 Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technische Universität München, Germany.,2 Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, USA.,3 Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jonathan Myers
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, USA.,3 Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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Chen YH, Kuo TT, Kao JH, Huang EYK, Hsieh TH, Chou YC, Hoffer BJ. Exercise Ameliorates Motor Deficits and Improves Dopaminergic Functions in the Rat Hemi-Parkinson's Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3973. [PMID: 29507426 PMCID: PMC5838260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the influences of exercise on motor deficits and dopaminergic transmission in a hemiparkinson animal model, we measured the effects of exercise on the ambulatory system by estimating spatio-temporal parameters during walking, striatal dopamine (DA) release and reuptake and synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway after unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. 6-OHDA lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats were exercised on a fixed speed treadmill for 30 minutes per day. Controls received the same lesion but no exercise. Animals were subsequently analyzed for behavior including gait analysis, rotarod performance and apomorphine induced rotation. Subsequently, in vitro striatal dopamine release was analyzed by using FSCV and activity-dependent plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway was measured in each group. Our data indicated that exercise could improve motor walking speed and increase the apomorphine-induced rotation threshold. Exercise also ameliorated spatiotemporal impairments in gait in PD animals. Exercise increased the parameters of synaptic plasticity formation in the corticostriatal pathway of PD animals as well as the dynamics of dopamine transmission in PD animals. Fixed speed treadmill training 30 minutes per day could ameliorate spatial-temporal gait impairment, improve walking speed, dopamine transmission as well as corticostriatal synaptic plasticity in the unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C..
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Hsin Kao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ahlskog JE. Aerobic Exercise: Evidence for a Direct Brain Effect to Slow Parkinson Disease Progression. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:360-372. [PMID: 29502566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
No medications are proven to slow the progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Of special concern with longer-standing PD is cognitive decline, as well as motor symptoms unresponsive to dopamine replacement therapy. Not fully recognized is the substantial accumulating evidence that long-term aerobic exercise may attenuate PD progression. Randomized controlled trial proof will not be forthcoming due to many complicating methodological factors. However, extensive and diverse avenues of scientific investigation converge to argue that aerobic exercise and cardiovascular fitness directly influence cerebral mechanisms mediating PD progression. To objectively assess the evidence for a PD exercise benefit, a comprehensive PubMed literature search was conducted, with an unbiased focus on exercise influences on parkinsonism, cognition, brain structure, and brain function. This aggregate literature provides a compelling argument for regular aerobic-type exercise and cardiovascular fitness attenuating PD progression.
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39
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Ferrazzoli D, Ortelli P, Riboldazzi G, Maestri R, Frazzitta G. Effectiveness of Rotigotine plus intensive and goal-based rehabilitation versus Rotigotine alone in "de-novo" Parkinsonian subjects: a randomized controlled trial with 18-month follow-up. J Neurol 2018; 265:906-916. [PMID: 29442177 PMCID: PMC5878188 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Dopamine Replacement Therapy (DRT) represents the most effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nevertheless, several symptoms are unresponsive to treatment and its long-term use leads to serious side effects. To optimize the pharmacological management of PD, dopamine-agonists are often prescribed to “de-novo” patients. Moreover, several studies have shown the effectiveness and the synergic effect of rehabilitation in treating PD. Objective To evaluate the synergism between DRT and rehabilitation in treating PD, by investigating the short and the long-term effectiveness of a multidisciplinary, intensive and goal-based rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) in a group of patients treated with Rotigotine. Materials and methods In this multicenter, single blinded, parallel-group, 1:1 allocation ratio, randomized, non-inferiority trial, 36 “de-novo” PD patients were evaluated along 18 months: 17 were treated with Rotigotine plus MIRT; 19 were treated with Rotigotine alone (R). The primary outcome measure was the total score of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The secondary outcomes included the UPDRS sub-sections II and III (UPDRS II-III), the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and the amount of Rotigotine. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1), 1 year (T2), and at 18 months (T3). Results No differences in UPDRS scores in the two groups (total score, III part and II part, p = 0.48, p = 0.90 and p = 0.40, respectively) were found in the time course. Conversely, a greater improvement in Rotigotine + MIRT group was observed for 6MWT (p < 0.0001) and TUG (p = 0.03). Along time, the dosage of Rotigotine was higher in patients who did not undergo MIRT, at all observation times following T0. Conclusions Over the course of 18 months, the effectiveness of the combined treatment (Rotigotine + MIRT) on the patients’ global clinical status, evaluated with total UPDRS, was not inferior to that of the pharmacological treatment with Rotigotine alone. Importantly, rehabilitation allowed patients to gain better motor performances with lower DRT dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ferrazzoli
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital-Via Pelascini 3, Gravedona ed Uniti (CO), 22015, Como, Italy.
| | - P Ortelli
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital-Via Pelascini 3, Gravedona ed Uniti (CO), 22015, Como, Italy
| | - G Riboldazzi
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
- Parkinson's disease Rehabilitation Center, Fondazione Borghi, Brebbia, Varese, Italy
| | - R Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa Società Benefit, IRCCS, Via per Montescano 3, Montescano, 27040, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Frazzitta
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital-Via Pelascini 3, Gravedona ed Uniti (CO), 22015, Como, Italy
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Warlop T, Detrembleur C, Stoquart G, Lejeune T, Jeanjean A. Gait Complexity and Regularity Are Differently Modulated by Treadmill Walking in Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Population. Front Physiol 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29467673 PMCID: PMC5808200 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability raises considerable interest as a promising and sensitive marker of dysfunction in physiology, in particular in neurosciences. Both internally (e.g., pathology) and/or externally (e.g., environment) generated perturbations and the neuro-mechanical responses to them contribute to the fluctuating dynamics of locomotion. Defective internal gait control in Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting in typical timing gait disorders, is characterized by the breakdown of the temporal organization of stride duration variability. Influence of external cue on gait pattern could be detrimental or advantageous depending on situations (healthy or pathological gait pattern, respectively). As well as being an interesting rehabilitative approach in PD, treadmills are usually implemented in laboratory settings to perform instrumented gait analysis including gait variability assessment. However, possibly acting as an external pacemaker, treadmill could modulate the temporal organization of gait variability of PD patients which could invalidate any gait variability assessment. This study aimed to investigate the immediate influence of treadmill walking (TW) on the temporal organization of stride duration variability in PD and healthy population. Here, we analyzed the gait pattern of 20 PD patients and 15 healthy age-matched subjects walking on overground and on a motorized-treadmill (randomized order) at a self-selected speed. The temporal organization and regularity of time series of walking were assessed on 512 consecutive strides and assessed by the application of non-linear mathematical methods (i.e., the detrended fluctuation analysis and power spectral density; and sample entropy, for the temporal organization and regularity of gait variability, respectively). A more temporally organized and regular gait pattern seems to emerge from TW in PD while no influence was observed on healthy gait pattern. Treadmill could afford the necessary framework to regulate gait rhythmicity in PD. Overall, the results support the hypothesis of a greater dependence to regulatory inputs as an explanatory factor of treadmill influence observed in PD. Also, since treadmill misrepresents the gait as more healthy than it is, the present findings underline that gait analysis using treadmill devices should be cautiously considered in PD and especially for gait variability assessment in gait lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Warlop
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Bionics, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical Neuroscience (NEUR), Institute of Neurosciences (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Detrembleur
- Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Bionics, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Stoquart
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Bionics, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Lejeune
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Bionics, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Jeanjean
- Clinical Neuroscience (NEUR), Institute of Neurosciences (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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LaHue SC, Comella CL, Tanner CM. The best medicine? The influence of physical activity and inactivity on Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 31:1444-1454. [PMID: 27477046 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is expected to increase as our population ages and will likely strain the projected capacity of our health care system. Despite being the most common movement disorder, there have been few noninvasive therapeutic advances for people with PD since the first levodopa clinical trial in 1961. The study of PD pathogenesis, combined with an appreciation for the biochemical mechanisms by which physical activity and exercise may impact physiology, has resulted in emerging hypotheses for new modifiable risk factors for PD. Physical activity and exercise as a means of preventing PD, or maintaining the functionality of people with PD, are a promising area of investigation. Conversely, physical inactivity is implicated in many disease states, some of which are also correlated with the development of PD, such as metabolic syndrome. The primary relationship between these diseases is likely rooted in heightened inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level. Physical activity and exercise as a means of attenuating inflammation have led to increased interest in related potential therapeutic targets for PD. Ultimately, these findings may translate into low-cost, universally available therapies for PD disease modification or prevention. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C LaHue
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Caroline M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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42
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Hou L, Chen W, Liu X, Qiao D, Zhou FM. Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection of the Nigrostriatal Dopamine System in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:358. [PMID: 29163139 PMCID: PMC5675869 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity and exercise may reduce the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), and clinical observations suggest that physical exercise can reduce the motor symptoms in PD patients. In experimental animals, a profound observation is that exercise of appropriate timing, duration, and intensity can reduce toxin-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system in animal PD models, although negative results have also been reported, potentially due to inappropriate timing and intensity of the exercise regimen. Exercise may also minimize DA denervation-induced medium spiny neuron (MSN) dendritic atrophy and other abnormalities such as enlarged corticostriatal synapse and abnormal MSN excitability and spiking activity. Taken together, epidemiological studies, clinical observations, and animal research indicate that appropriately dosed physical activity and exercise may not only reduce the risk of developing PD in vulnerable populations but also benefit PD patients by potentially protecting the residual DA neurons or directly restoring the dysfunctional cortico-basal ganglia motor control circuit, and these benefits may be mediated by exercise-triggered production of endogenous neuroprotective molecules such as neurotrophic factors. Thus, exercise is a universally available, side effect-free medicine that should be prescribed to vulnerable populations as a preventive measure and to PD patients as a component of treatment. Future research needs to establish standardized exercise protocols that can reliably induce DA neuron protection, enabling the delineation of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that in turn can maximize exercise-induced neuroprotection and neurorestoration in animal PD models and eventually in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Hou
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation, Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Decai Qiao
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
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43
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Requejo C, Ruiz-Ortega JA, Cepeda H, Sharma A, Sharma HS, Ozkizilcik A, Tian R, Moessler H, Ugedo L, Lafuente JV. Nanodelivery of Cerebrolysin and Rearing in Enriched Environment Induce Neuroprotective Effects in a Preclinical Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:286-299. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Ngema PN, Mabandla MV. Post 6-OHDA lesion exposure to stress affects neurotrophic factor expression and aggravates motor impairment. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1061-1067. [PMID: 28321600 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress amplifies locomotor deficits and exacerbates dopamine neuron loss in an animal model for Parkinson's disease. The release of neurotrophic factors such as glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) following neuronal injury attenuates exacerbated degeneration of these neurons. In this study, the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected unilaterally into the medial forebrain bundle of male Sprague Dawley rats. A subset of these rats was subjected to post-lesion restraint stress after which the effect of exposure to stress on locomotor activity (forelimb akinesia test), neurotrophic factor (GDNF and NT-3) and corticosterone concentration was assessed. Exposure to post-lesion stress resulted in increased preference to use the unimpaired forelimb (forelimb ipsilateral to the lesioned hemisphere) in the forelimb akinesia test. The expected increase in both GDNF and NT-3 concentration following injury was not present in the stressed animals. However, both the non-stressed and stressed lesioned groups had decreased neurotrophic factor concentration at one and two weeks post lesion. This decrease was exaggerated in the stressed rats. The decrease in neurotrophic factor concentration was accompanied by an increase in corticosterone concentration in the stressed rats. These findings demonstrate that exposure to post-6-OHDA lesion stress exaggerates dopamine neurodegeneration and enhance motor impairment. This suggests that conditions that result in a hyper-activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis such as depression which is concomitant to a Parkinson's disease diagnosis may be responsible for enhanced dopamine depletion by attenuating neurotrophic factor concentration elevation in the nigrostriatal pathway following neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phumzile Nomfundo Ngema
- University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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45
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Smith ES, Clark ME, Hardy GA, Kraan DJ, Biondo E, Gonzalez-Lima F, Cormack LK, Monfils M, Lee HJ. Daily consumption of methylene blue reduces attentional deficits and dopamine reduction in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 359:8-16. [PMID: 28694175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, alternative drug therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) have been investigated as there are many shortcomings of traditional dopamine-based therapies including difficulties in treating cognitive and attentional dysfunction. A promising therapeutic avenue is to target mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PD. One option might be the use of methylene blue (MB), an antioxidant and metabolic enhancer. MB has been shown to improve cognitive function in both intact rodents and rodent disease models. Therefore, we investigated whether MB might treat attentional deficits in a rat model of PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). MB also has neuroprotective capabilities against neurotoxic insult, so we also assessed the ability of MB to provide neuroprotection in our PD model. The results show that MB could preserve some dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra par compacta when 6-OHDA was infused into the medial forebrain bundle. This neuroprotection did not yield a significant behavioral improvement when motor functions were measured. However, MB significantly improved attentional performance in the five-choice task designed to measure selective and sustained attention. In conclusion, MB might be useful in improving some attentional function and preserving dopaminergic cells in this model. Future work should continue to study and optimize the abilities of MB for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Smith
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Madeline E Clark
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Gwendolyn A Hardy
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - David J Kraan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Elisa Biondo
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Lawrence K Cormack
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Marie Monfils
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Hongjoo J Lee
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, United States.
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46
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A Cross-sectional Analysis of the Characteristics of Individuals With Parkinson Disease Who Avoid Activities and Participation Due to Fear of Falling. J Neurol Phys Ther 2017; 41:31-42. [PMID: 27977519 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Avoidance behavior can have deleterious consequences on health and quality of life for persons with Parkinson disease (PD); for this reason, it is important to identify potentially mitigable characteristics. We compared the characteristics of individuals with PD who exhibit fear of falling (FOF) avoidance behavior with those who do not. METHODS Fifty-nine participants with PD were classified as avoiders (n = 27) or nonavoiders (n = 32) by using the Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire and compared across 5 domains: demographic characteristics; PD-specific symptoms (subtype, Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS], Hoehn and Yahr Scale, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 [PDQ-39]); balance and falls (fall history, Berg Balance Scale [BBS], Activities-Specific Balance Confidence [ABC] Scale, Impact of Events Scale, Consequences of Falling Questionnaire [CoFQ]); physical performance (30 Second Sit-to-Stand Test, Timed Up and Go Test, physical activity monitoring); and psychological factors (Zung Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). RESULTS There were no differences between avoiders and nonavoiders for demographic characteristics and fall history (Ps > 0.272). Avoiders had worse MDS-UPDRS (Ps < 0.014) and PDQ-39 scores (Ps < 0.028). Avoiders had poorer balance performance (BBS, P = 0.003), lower balance confidence (ABC, P < 0.001), and more fall catastrophization (CoFQ, P < 0.001). Avoiders reported more depression (P = 0.015) and anxiety (P = 0.028). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS PD FOF avoiders had more involved symptoms and scored lower on balance and physical performance measures. In addition, they reported greater psychological stress. Several potentially mitigable characteristics of those with FOF avoidance behavior were identified.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A153).
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47
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Dallé E, Daniels WMU, Mabandla MV. Fluvoxamine maleate effects on dopamine signaling in the prefrontal cortex of stressed Parkinsonian rats: Implications for learning and memory. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:75-81. [PMID: 28549887 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is also associated with cognitive impairment and reduced extrinsic supply of dopamine (DA) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we looked at whether exposure to early life stress reduces DA and serotonin (5-HT) concentration in the PFC thus leading to enhanced cognitive impairment in a Parkinsonian rat model. Maternal separation was the stressor used to develop an animal model for early life stress that has chronic effects on brain and behavior. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the antidepressant Fluvoxamine maleate (FM) prior to a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion to model motor deficits in rats. The Morris water maze (MWM) and the forelimb use asymmetry (cylinder) tests were used to assess learning and memory impairment and motor deficits respectively. Blood plasma was used to measure corticosterone concentration and prefrontal tissue was collected for lipid peroxidation, DA, and 5-HT analysis. Our results show that animals exposed to early life stress displayed learning and memory impairment as well as elevated basal plasma corticosterone concentration which were attenuated by treatment with FM. A 6-OHDA lesion effect was evidenced by impairment in the cylinder test as well as decreased DA and 5-HT concentration in the PFC. These effects were attenuated by FM treatment resulting in higher DA concentration in the PFC of treated animals than in non-treated animals. This study suggests that DA and 5-HT signaling in the PFC are responsive to FM and may reduce stress-induced cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Dallé
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Willie M U Daniels
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Musa V Mabandla
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Lee Y, Heo G, Lee KM, Kim AH, Chung KW, Im E, Chung HY, Lee J. Neuroprotective effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol in an acute model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2017; 1663:184-193. [PMID: 28322751 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurons depend on mitochondria for homeostasis and survival, and thus, mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Increasing evidence indicates the mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), protects neurons against neurodegeneration and enhances neural plasticity. Here, the authors evaluated the protective effects of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered low dose DNP in an acute mouse model of PD. Mice were administered DNP (1 or 5mg/kg) for 12 consecutive days, and then on day 13, MPTP (20mg/kg, i.p.) was administered four times (with 2h intervals between injections) to induce PD. It was found that MPTP-induced motor dysfunction was ameliorated in the DNP-treated mice versus vehicle-treated controls. Additionally, DNP effectively attenuated dopaminergic neuronal loss observed in MPTP treated mice. Moreover, in primary cultured neurons, DNP at 10μM, but not at 100μM, prevented MPP+-induced cell death and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction. In addition, DNP was observed to cause the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in primary neurons. Taken together, these findings of the present study suggest that DNP protects dopaminergic neurons against neurodegeneration and maintains MMP integrity in PD by activating adaptive stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Moon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Sheibani V, Rafie F, Shahbazi M, Naghdi N, Sheikh M. Comparison of voluntary and forced exercise effects on motor behavior in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rat model of Parkinson’s disease. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Leikas JV, Kääriäinen TM, Jalkanen AJ, Lehtonen M, Rantamäki T, Forsberg MM. Combined ipsilateral limb use score as an index of motor deficits and neurorestoration in parkinsonian rats. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1858-1870. [PMID: 28134996 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to apply a robust non-drug induced sensorimotor test battery to assess the efficacy of neurorestorative therapies on the motor deficits caused by partial unilateral 6-OHDA lesion mimicking early stage PD. Since the 6-OHDA lesion protocols to induce partial DA depletion in striatum vary extensively between laboratories, we evaluated the associations between different intrastriatal 6-OHDA doses (1 X 0-20 and 2 X 0-30 µg), striatal DA depletion (HPLC-ECD) and D-amphetamine induced rotation to identify a lesion protocol that would produce 40-60% striatal DA depletion. Doses ≥ 6 µg produced a significant DA depletion (ANOVA, P < 0.0001). 6-OHDA dose range (6-14 µg) causing 40-60% DA depletion induced very variable rotational responses. Next, intrastriatal 1 × 10 and 1 × 14 µg doses were compared with a full lesion (10 µg into the medial forebrain bundle) with regard to their effects on adjusting step, cylinder, and vibrissae test performance. A combined ipsilateral score (average of each test) was found more sensitive in distinguishing between different lesions than any test alone. Finally, five-week treadmill exercise starting two weeks post-lesion was able to restore impaired limb use (combined score; mixed model, P < 0.05) and striatal DA depletion (ANOVA, P < 0.05) in rats with partial lesion (1 × 10 µg). Notably, D-amphetamine induced rotation significantly decreased between weeks one to seven post-lesion (t-test, P < 0.01). In conclusion, intrastriatal 1 × 10 µg of 6-OHDA produces 40-60% striatal DA depletion robustly, and the combined ipsilateral score provides an efficient means for testing of the efficacy of neurorestorative or neuroprotective treatments for PD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso V Leikas
- School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina M Kääriäinen
- School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Present address: Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, P.O. Box 425, FI-20101, Turku, Finland
| | - Aaro J Jalkanen
- School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus M Forsberg
- School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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