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Louie JD, Barrios-Camacho CM, Bromberg BH, Hintschich CA, Schwob JE. Spatiotemporal dynamics exhibited by horizontal basal cells reveal a pro-neurogenic pathway during injury-induced olfactory epithelium regeneration. iScience 2024; 27:109600. [PMID: 38650985 PMCID: PMC11033173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) mediate olfactory epithelium (OE) regeneration following severe tissue injury. The dynamism of the post-injury environment is well illustrated by in silico modeling of RNA sequencing data that demonstrate an evolving HBC transcriptome. Unfortunately, spatiotemporally dynamic processes occurring within HBCs in situ remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HBCs at 24 h post-OE injury spatially redistribute a constellation of proteins, which, in turn, helped to nominate Rac1 as a regulator of HBC differentiation during OE regeneration. Using our primary culture model to activate HBCs pharmacologically, we demonstrate that concurrent Rac1 inhibition attenuates HBC differentiation potential. This in vitro functional impairment manifested in vivo as decreased HBC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons following HBC-specific Rac1 conditional knockout. Taken together, our data potentiate the design of hyposmia-alleviating therapies and highlight aspects of in situ HBC spatiotemporal dynamics that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Louie
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Camila M. Barrios-Camacho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Bromberg
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Constantin A. Hintschich
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James E. Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Dominicci-Cotto C, Vazquez M, Marie B. The Wingless planar cell polarity pathway is essential for optimal activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2024; 16:1322771. [PMID: 38633293 PMCID: PMC11021733 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2024.1322771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
From fly to man, the Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling molecule is essential for both the stability and plasticity of the nervous system. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has proven to be a useful system for deciphering the role of Wg in directing activity-dependent synaptic plasticity (ADSP), which, in the motoneuron, has been shown to be dependent on both the canonical and the noncanonical calcium Wg pathways. Here we show that the noncanonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is an essential component of the Wg signaling system controlling plasticity at the motoneuron synapse. We present evidence that disturbing the PCP pathway leads to a perturbation in ADSP. We first show that a PCP-specific allele of disheveled (dsh) affects the de novo synaptic structures produced during ADSP. We then show that the Rho GTPases downstream of Dsh in the PCP pathway are also involved in regulating the morphological changes that take place after repeated stimulation. Finally, we show that Jun kinase is essential for this phenomenon, whereas we found no indication of the involvement of the transcription factor complex AP1 (Jun/Fos). This work shows the involvement of the neuronal PCP signaling pathway in supporting ADSP. Because we find that AP1 mutants can perform ADSP adequately, we hypothesize that, upon Wg activation, the Rho GTPases and Jun kinase are involved locally at the synapse, in instructing cytoskeletal dynamics responsible for the appearance of the morphological changes occurring during ADSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carihann Dominicci-Cotto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Mariam Vazquez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Bruno Marie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
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3
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Puvogel S, Alsema A, North HF, Webster MJ, Weickert CS, Eggen BJL. Single-Nucleus RNA-Seq Characterizes the Cell Types Along the Neuronal Lineage in the Adult Human Subependymal Zone and Reveals Reduced Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Abundance with Age. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0246-23.2024. [PMID: 38351133 PMCID: PMC10913050 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0246-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The subependymal zone (SEZ), also known as the subventricular zone (SVZ), constitutes a neurogenic niche that persists during postnatal life. In humans, the neurogenic potential of the SEZ declines after the first year of life. However, studies discovering markers of stem and progenitor cells highlight the neurogenic capacity of progenitors in the adult human SEZ, with increased neurogenic activity occurring under pathological conditions. In the present study, the complete cellular niche of the adult human SEZ was characterized by single-nucleus RNA sequencing, and compared between four youth (age 16-22) and four middle-aged adults (age 44-53). We identified 11 cellular clusters including clusters expressing marker genes for neural stem cells (NSCs), neuroblasts, immature neurons, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The relative abundance of NSC and neuroblast clusters did not differ between the two age groups, indicating that the pool of SEZ NSCs does not decline in this age range. The relative abundance of oligodendrocyte progenitors and microglia decreased in middle-age, indicating that the cellular composition of human SEZ is remodeled between youth and adulthood. The expression of genes related to nervous system development was higher across different cell types, including NSCs, in youth as compared with middle-age. These transcriptional changes suggest ongoing central nervous system plasticity in the SEZ in youth, which declined in middle-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Puvogel
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Alsema
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Hayley F North
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville 20850, Maryland
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13201
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
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Wilson AF, Barakat R, Mu R, Karush LL, Gao Y, Hartigan KA, Chen JK, Shu H, Turner TN, Maloney SE, Mennerick SJ, Gutmann DH, Anastasaki C. A common single nucleotide variant in the cytokine receptor-like factor-3 (CRLF3) gene causes neuronal deficits in human and mouse cells. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3342-3352. [PMID: 37712888 PMCID: PMC10695679 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide variants in the general population are common genomic alterations, where the majority are presumed to be silent polymorphisms without known clinical significance. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cerebral organoid modeling of the 1.4 megabase Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) deletion syndrome, we previously discovered that the cytokine receptor-like factor-3 (CRLF3) gene, which is co-deleted with the NF1 gene, functions as a major regulator of neuronal maturation. Moreover, children with NF1 and the CRLF3L389P variant have greater autism burden, suggesting that this gene might be important for neurologic function. To explore the functional consequences of this variant, we generated CRLF3L389P-mutant hiPSC lines and Crlf3L389P-mutant genetically engineered mice. While this variant does not impair protein expression, brain structure, or mouse behavior, CRLF3L389P-mutant human cerebral organoids and mouse brains exhibit impaired neuronal maturation and dendrite formation. In addition, Crlf3L389P-mutant mouse neurons have reduced dendrite lengths and branching, without any axonal deficits. Moreover, Crlf3L389P-mutant mouse hippocampal neurons have decreased firing rates and synaptic current amplitudes relative to wild type controls. Taken together, these findings establish the CRLF3L389P variant as functionally deleterious and suggest that it may be a neurodevelopmental disease modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rui Mu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Leah L Karush
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yunqing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Kelly A Hartigan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hongjin Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Tychele N Turner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8232, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8504, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Susan E Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8504, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Gomila Pelegri N, Stanczak AM, Bottomley AL, Cummins ML, Milthorpe BK, Gorrie CA, Padula MP, Santos J. Neural Marker Expression in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Grown in PEG-Based 3D Matrix Is Enhanced in the Presence of B27 and CultureOne Supplements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16269. [PMID: 38003460 PMCID: PMC10671562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have incredible potential as an avenue to better understand and treat neurological disorders. While they have been successfully differentiated into neural stem cells and neurons, most such protocols involve 2D environments, which are not representative of in vivo physiology. In this study, human ADSCs were cultured in 1.1 kPa polyethylene-glycol 3D hydrogels for 10 days with B27, CultureOne (C1), and N2 neural supplements to examine the neural differentiation potential of ADSCs using both chemical and mechanical cues. Following treatment, cell viability, proliferation, morphology, and proteome changes were assessed. Results showed that cell viability was maintained during treatments, and while cells continued to proliferate over time, proliferation slowed down. Morphological changes between 3D untreated cells and treated cells were not observed. However, they were observed among 2D treatments, which exhibited cellular elongation and co-alignment. Proteome analysis showed changes consistent with early neural differentiation for B27 and C1 but not N2. No significant changes were detected using immunocytochemistry, potentially indicating a greater differentiation period was required. In conclusion, treatment of 3D-cultured ADSCs in PEG-based hydrogels with B27 and C1 further enhances neural marker expression, however, this was not observed using supplementation with N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Gomila Pelegri
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Stanczak
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Amy L. Bottomley
- Microbial Imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Max L. Cummins
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bruce K. Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
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6
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Costa JF, Dines M, Agarwal K, Lamprecht R. Rac1 GTPase activation impairs fear conditioning-induced structural changes in basolateral amygdala neurons and long-term fear memory formation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1338-1346. [PMID: 36522403 PMCID: PMC10354034 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long-term memory formation leads to enduring alterations in synaptic efficacy and neuronal responses that may be created by changes in neuronal morphology. We show that fear conditioning leads to a long-lasting increase in the volume of the primary and secondary dendritic branches, but not of distal branches, of neurons located at the basolateral amygdala (BLA). The length of the dendritic branches is not affected by fear conditioning. Fear conditioning leads to an enduring increase in the length and volume of dendritic spines, especially in the length of the spine neck and the volume of the spine head. Fear conditioning does not affect dendritic spine density. We further reveal that activation of Rac1 in BLA during fear conditioning impairs long-term auditory, but not contextual, fear conditioning memory. Activation of Rac1 during fear conditioning prevents the enduring increase in the dendritic primary branch volume and dendritic spines length and volume. Rac1 activation per se has no effect on neuronal morphology. These results show that fear conditioning induces changes known to reduce the inhibition of signal propagation along the dendrite and the increase in synaptic efficacy whereas preventing these changes, by Rac1 activation, impairs fear memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Freitas Costa
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Monica Dines
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Karishma Agarwal
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raphael Lamprecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Wu Q, Cai C, Ying X, Zheng Y, Yu J, Gu X, Tu W, Lou X, Yang G, Li M, Jiang S. Electroacupuncture inhibits dendritic spine remodeling through the srGAP3-Rac1 signaling pathway in rats with SNL. Biol Res 2023; 56:26. [PMID: 37211600 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that peripheral nerve injury can lead to abnormal dendritic spine remodeling in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Inhibition of abnormal dendritic spine remodeling can relieve neuropathic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) has a beneficial effect on the treatment of neuropathic pain, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Evidence has shown that slit-robo GTPase activating protein 3 (srGAP3) and Rho GTPase (Rac1) play very important roles in dendritic spine remodeling. Here, we used srGAP3 siRNA and Rac1 activator CN04 to confirm the relationship between SrGAP3 and Rac1 and their roles in improving neuropathic pain with EA. Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was used as the experimental model, and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and Golgi-Cox staining were used to examine changes in behavioral performance, protein expression and dendritic spines. More dendritic spines and higher expression levels of srGAP3 were found in the initial phase of neuropathic pain. During the maintenance phase, dendritic spines were more mature, which was consistent with lower expression levels of srGAP3 and higher expression levels of Rac1-GTP. EA during the maintenance phase reduced the density and maturity of dendritic spines of rats with SNL, increased the levels of srGAP3 and reduced the levels of Rac1-GTP, while srGAP3 siRNA and CN04 reversed the therapeutic effects of EA. These results suggest that dendritic spines have different manifestations in different stages of neuropathic pain and that EA may inhibit the abnormal dendritic spine remodeling by regulating the srGAP3/Rac1 signaling pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinwang Ying
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujun Zheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinfa Lou
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
- The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
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8
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Li J, Wu Y, Xue T, He J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhao J, Chen Z, Xie M, Xiao B, Ye Y, Qin S, Tang Q, Huang M, Zhu H, Liu N, Guo F, Zhang L, Zhang L. Cdc42 signaling regulated by dopamine D2 receptor correlatively links specific brain regions of hippocampus to cocaine addiction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166569. [PMID: 36243293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampus plays critical roles in drug addiction. Cocaine-induced modifications in dopamine receptor function and the downstream signaling are important regulation mechanisms in cocaine addiction. Rac regulates actin filament accumulation while Cdc42 stimulates the formation of filopodia and neurite outgrowth. Based on the region specific roles of small GTPases in brain, we focused on the hippocampal subregions to detect the regulation of Cdc42 signaling in long-term morphological and behavioral adaptations to cocaine. METHODS Genetically modified mouse models of Cdc42, dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) and expressed Cdc42 point mutants that are defective in binding to and activation of its downstream effector molecules PAK and N-WASP were generated, respectively, in CA1 or dentate gyrus (DG) subregion. RESULTS Cocaine induced upregulation of Cdc42 signaling activity. Cdc42 knockout or mutants blocked cocaine-induced increase in spine plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, leading to a decreased conditional place preference (CPP)-associated memories and spatial learning and memory in water maze. Cdc42 knockout or mutants promoted cocaine-induced loss of neurogenesis in DG, leading to a decreased CPP-associated memories and spatial learning and memory in water maze. Furthermore, by using D1R knockout, D2R knockout, and D2R/Cdc42 double knockout mice, we found that D2R, but not D1R, regulated Cdc42 signaling in cocaine-induced neural plasticity and behavioral changes. CONCLUSIONS Cdc42 acts downstream of D2R in the hippocampus and plays an important role in cocaine-induced neural plasticity through N-WASP and PAK-LIMK-Cofilin, and Cdc42 signaling pathway correlatively links specific brain regions (CA1, dentate gyrus) to cocaine-induced CPP behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minjuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingshan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sifei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingqiu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengfan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hangfei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - N Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Elderly Health Services Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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9
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Batu Öztürk A, Can Öztürk N, Ayaz F. Conditioned media of mouse macrophages modulates neuronal dynamics in mouse hippocampal cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109548. [PMID: 36525792 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases display both neuroinflammation and impaired neuron production in hippocampus. Although immunotherapeutic strategies indicate a promising avenue for combating neuroinflammation-induced diseases, directly targeting microglia, principle immune cells of CNS for such therapeutic purposes might be problematic due to invasive procedures. Instructing monocytes/macrophages from the periphery can be a less invasive and advantageous strategy compared to reaching microglia. But interplay between CNS neurons and macrophages even under normal conditions is poorly understood. To explore the experimental platform of how CNS derived neuronal cells respond to overall soluble factors of a non-CNS derived immune cell type, we introduced the conditioned media (CM) of unstimulated, and lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages to immortalized HT-22 mouse hippocampal cells during and after they were exposed to neuronal differentiation media. First, we recorded the cell viability of HT-22 cell study groups by using a real time cell analyzer. Then, we assessed the immunocytochemical expression of CR and CB proteins and mRNA levels of Ascl1, Bdnf, CB, Grn, Nrf2 and Rac1 genes via semi quantitative image analysis and q-RT-PCR among the different groups of HT-22 cells. Real time cell monitoring provided a solid physiological evidence regarding how various cell culture treatments affected the cell viability of HT-22 cells over time. Our further findings suggested that culturing HT-22 cells with unstimulated CM of macrophages markedly increased the immunocytochemical expression of CR and mRNA expression of Ascl1, Bdnf, CB and Grn genes, while the latter media resulted in decreases of those expressions. Overall, our results imply that HT-22 cells are meaningfully responsive to the secretome of RAW264.7 macrophages and using the interaction of macrophage with CNS derived neuronal cells is an instructive platform for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of cellular communication between immune system cells and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Batu Öztürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nail Can Öztürk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey; Mersin University Biotechnology Research Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey; Mersin University Biotechnology Research Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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10
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Ilieva M, Aldana BI, Vinten KT, Hohmann S, Woofenden TW, Lukjanska R, Waagepetersen HS, Michel TM. Proteomic phenotype of cerebral organoids derived from autism spectrum disorder patients reveal disrupted energy metabolism, cellular components, and biological processes. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3749-3759. [PMID: 35618886 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The way in which brain morphology and proteome are remodeled during embryonal development, and how they are linked to the cellular metabolism, could be a key for elucidating the pathological mechanisms of certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Cerebral organoids derived from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients were generated to capture critical time-points in the neuronal development, and metabolism and protein expression were investigated. The early stages of development, when neurogenesis commences (day in vitro 39), appeared to be a critical timepoint in pathogenesis. In the first month of development, increased size in ASD-derived organoids were detected in comparison to the controls. The size of the organoids correlates with the number of proliferating cells (Ki-67 positive cells). A significant difference in energy metabolism and proteome phenotype was also observed in ASD organoids at this time point, specifically, prevalence of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP production and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, differently expressed cell adhesion proteins, cell cycle (spindle formation), cytoskeleton, and several transcription factors. Finally, ASD patients and controls derived organoids were clustered based on a differential expression of ten proteins-heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) phospho Ser 15, Pyk (FAK2), Elk-1, Rac1/cdc42, S6 ribosomal protein phospho Ser 240/Ser 244, Ha-ras, mTOR (FRAP) phospho Ser 2448, PKCα, FoxO3a, Src family phospho Tyr 416-at day 39 which could be defined as potential biomarkers and further investigated for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirolyuba Ilieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen SV, Denmark.
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Tore Vinten
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonja Hohmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas William Woofenden
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renate Lukjanska
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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11
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Liu X, Wang J. NMDA receptors mediate synaptic plasticity impairment of hippocampal neurons due to arsenic exposure. Neuroscience 2022; 498:300-310. [PMID: 35905926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endemic arsenism is a worldwide health problem. Chronic arsenic exposure results in cognitive dysfunction due to arsenic and its metabolites accumulating in hippocampus. As the cellular basis of cognition, synaptic plasticity is pivotal in arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) serve physiological functions in synaptic transmission. However, excessive NMDARs activity contributes to exitotoxicity and synaptic plasticity impairment. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that NMDARs and their downstream signaling pathways mediate synaptic plasticity impairment due to arsenic exposure in hippocampal neurons, ways of arsenic exerting on NMDARs, as well as the potential therapeutic targets except for water improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University(23618504), Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, China, 150081
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University(23618504), Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, China, 150081.
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12
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Cannabinerol and NSC-34 Transcriptomic Analysis: Is the Dose Who Makes Neuronal Differentiation? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147541. [PMID: 35886896 PMCID: PMC9324784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. proved to be a source of several phytocompounds able to help patients facing different diseases. Moreover, these phytocompounds can help ameliorate general conditions and control certain unpleasant effects of diseases. Some cannabinoids, however, provided more benefits applicable to settings other than palliative care. Using the NSC-34 cell line, we evaluated the barely known phytocompound named cannabinerol (CBNR) at different doses, in order to understand its unique characteristics and the ones shared with other cannabinoids. The transcriptomic analysis suggests a possible ongoing neuronal differentiation, principally due to the activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), to which the phosphorylation of serine–threonine protein kinase (Akt) followed, especially between 20 and 7.5 µM. The increase of Neurod1 and Map2 genes at 7.5 µM, accompanied by a decrease of Vim, as well as the increase of Syp at all the other doses, point toward the initiation of differentiation signals. Our preliminary results indicate CBNR as a promising candidate to be added to the list of cannabinoids with neuronal differentiation-enhancer properties. However, further studies are needed to confirm this initial insight.
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13
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Duman JG, Blanco FA, Cronkite CA, Ru Q, Erikson KC, Mulherkar S, Saifullah AB, Firozi K, Tolias KF. Rac-maninoff and Rho-vel: The symphony of Rho-GTPase signaling at excitatory synapses. Small GTPases 2022; 13:14-47. [PMID: 33955328 PMCID: PMC9707551 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1885264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic connections between neurons are essential for every facet of human cognition and are thus regulated with extreme precision. Rho-family GTPases, molecular switches that cycle between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state, comprise a critical feature of synaptic regulation. Rho-GTPases are exquisitely controlled by an extensive suite of activators (GEFs) and inhibitors (GAPs and GDIs) and interact with many different signalling pathways to fulfill their roles in orchestrating the development, maintenance, and plasticity of excitatory synapses of the central nervous system. Among the mechanisms that control Rho-GTPase activity and signalling are cell surface receptors, GEF/GAP complexes that tightly regulate single Rho-GTPase dynamics, GEF/GAP and GEF/GEF functional complexes that coordinate multiple Rho-family GTPase activities, effector positive feedback loops, and mutual antagonism of opposing Rho-GTPase pathways. These complex regulatory mechanisms are employed by the cells of the nervous system in almost every step of development, and prominently figure into the processes of synaptic plasticity that underlie learning and memory. Finally, misregulation of Rho-GTPases plays critical roles in responses to neuronal injury, such as traumatic brain injury and neuropathic pain, and in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's Disease. Thus, decoding the mechanisms of Rho-GTPase regulation and function at excitatory synapses has great potential for combatting many of the biggest current challenges in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco A. Blanco
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A. Cronkite
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly C. Erikson
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Bin Saifullah
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Firozi
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberley F. Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Castillon C, Gonzalez L, Domenichini F, Guyon S, Da Silva K, Durand C, Lestaevel P, Vaillend C, Laroche S, Barnier JV, Poirier R. The intellectual disability PAK3 R67C mutation impacts cognitive functions and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1950-1968. [PMID: 31943058 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between mutations associated with intellectual disability (ID) and the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunctions remains largely unknown. Here, we focused on PAK3, a serine/threonine kinase whose gene mutations cause X-linked ID. We generated a new mutant mouse model bearing the missense R67C mutation of the Pak3 gene (Pak3-R67C), known to cause moderate to severe ID in humans without other clinical signs and investigated hippocampal-dependent memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult male Pak3-R67C mice exhibited selective impairments in long-term spatial memory and pattern separation function, suggestive of altered hippocampal neurogenesis. A delayed non-matching to place paradigm testing memory flexibility and proactive interference, reported here as being adult neurogenesis-dependent, revealed a hypersensitivity to high interference in Pak3-R67C mice. Analyzing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Pak3-R67C mice reveals no alteration in the first steps of adult neurogenesis, but an accelerated death of a population of adult-born neurons during the critical period of 18-28 days after their birth. We then investigated the recruitment of hippocampal adult-born neurons after spatial memory recall. Post-recall activation of mature dentate granule cells in Pak3-R67C mice was unaffected, but a complete failure of activation of young DCX + newborn neurons was found, suggesting they were not recruited during the memory task. Decreased expression of the KCC2b chloride cotransporter and altered dendritic development indicate that young adult-born neurons are not fully functional in Pak3-R67C mice. We suggest that these defects in the dynamics and learning-associated recruitment of newborn hippocampal neurons may contribute to the selective cognitive deficits observed in this mouse model of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Castillon
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurine Gonzalez
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Florence Domenichini
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Guyon
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Kevin Da Silva
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christelle Durand
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cyrille Vaillend
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Serge Laroche
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Roseline Poirier
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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15
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Ko SY, Frankland PW. Neurogenesis-dependent transformation of hippocampal engrams. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136176. [PMID: 34400284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other mammals, memories of events are encoded by neuronal ensembles (or engrams) in the hippocampus. The mnemonic information stored in these engrams can then be used to guide future behavior, including prediction- and decision-making in dynamic environments. While some hippocampal engrams may be persistently stored, others are modified over time, suggesting that the represented memories may also be transformed. How might hippocampal engrams be modified through time? Adult hippocampal neurogenesis represents one process that continuously rewires hippocampal circuitry, presumably including stored hippocampal engrams. At intermediate stages, we propose that neurogenesis-mediated rewiring of hippocampal engram circuitry induces forgetting of specific stimulus attributes, and this less precise engram allows for generalization. At more advanced stages, we propose that neurogenesis-mediated rewiring of hippocampal engram circuitry leads to silencing of hippocampal engrams, rendering them no longer accessible by natural retrieval cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Y Ko
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Temerty Centre for AI Research and Education in Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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16
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Walgrave H, Balusu S, Snoeck S, Vanden Eynden E, Craessaerts K, Thrupp N, Wolfs L, Horré K, Fourne Y, Ronisz A, Silajdžić E, Penning A, Tosoni G, Callaerts-Vegh Z, D'Hooge R, Thal DR, Zetterberg H, Thuret S, Fiers M, Frigerio CS, De Strooper B, Salta E. Restoring miR-132 expression rescues adult hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1805-1821.e8. [PMID: 34033742 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells residing in the hippocampal neurogenic niche sustain lifelong neurogenesis in the adult brain. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is functionally linked to mnemonic and cognitive plasticity in humans and rodents. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the process of generating new neurons at the hippocampal neurogenic niche is impeded, yet the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here we identify miR-132, one of the most consistently downregulated microRNAs in AD, as a potent regulator of AHN, exerting cell-autonomous proneurogenic effects in adult neural stem cells and their progeny. Using distinct AD mouse models, cultured human primary and established neural stem cells, and human patient material, we demonstrate that AHN is directly affected by AD pathology. miR-132 replacement in adult mouse AD hippocampus restores AHN and relevant memory deficits. Our findings corroborate the significance of AHN in mouse models of AD and reveal the possible therapeutic potential of targeting miR-132 in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Walgrave
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Snoeck
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Vanden Eynden
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Craessaerts
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicky Thrupp
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Wolfs
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Horré
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Fourne
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicja Ronisz
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Neuropathology, KU Leuven, and Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edina Silajdžić
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Amber Penning
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Tosoni
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Neuropathology, KU Leuven, and Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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17
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Guiler W, Koehler A, Boykin C, Lu Q. Pharmacological Modulators of Small GTPases of Rho Family in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661612. [PMID: 34054432 PMCID: PMC8149604 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, are members of the Ras small GTPase superfamily and play essential roles in a variety of cellular functions. Rho GTPase signaling can be turned on and off by specific GEFs and GAPs, respectively. These features empower Rho GTPases and their upstream and downstream modulators as targets for scientific research and therapeutic intervention. Specifically, significant therapeutic potential exists for targeting Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases due to their widespread cellular activity and alterations in neural tissues. This study will explore the roles of Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases with focus on the applications of pharmacological modulators in recent discoveries. There have been exciting developments of small molecules, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and natural products and toxins for each classical Rho GTPase category. A brief overview of each category followed by examples in their applications will be provided. The literature on their roles in various diseases [e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS)] highlights the unique and broad implications targeting Rho GTPases for potential therapeutic intervention. Clearly, there is increasing knowledge of therapeutic promise from the discovery of pharmacological modulators of Rho GTPases for managing and treating these conditions. The progress is also accompanied by the recognition of complex Rho GTPase modulation where targeting its signaling can improve some aspects of pathogenesis while exacerbating others in the same disease model. Future directions should emphasize the importance of elucidating how different Rho GTPases work in concert and how they produce such widespread yet different cellular responses during neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurogenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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18
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Formation and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:223-236. [PMID: 33633402 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. Adult-born neurons shape brain function, and endogenous NSCs could potentially be harnessed for brain repair. In this Review, focused on hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, we highlight recent advances in the field based on novel technologies (including single-cell RNA sequencing, intravital imaging and functional observation of newborn cells in behaving mice) and characterize the distinct developmental steps from stem cell activation to the integration of newborn neurons into pre-existing circuits. Further, we review current knowledge of how levels of neurogenesis are regulated, discuss findings regarding survival and maturation of adult-born cells and describe how newborn neurons affect brain function. The evidence arguing for (and against) lifelong neurogenesis in the human hippocampus is briefly summarized. Finally, we provide an outlook of what is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and functional consequences of adult neurogenesis and how the field may move towards more translational relevance in the context of acute and chronic neural injury and stem cell-based brain repair.
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19
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Baumert R, Ji H, Paulucci-Holthauzen A, Wolfe A, Sagum C, Hodgson L, Arikkath J, Chen X, Bedford MT, Waxham MN, McCrea PD. Novel phospho-switch function of delta-catenin in dendrite development. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152151. [PMID: 33007084 PMCID: PMC7534926 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons, dendrites form the major sites of information receipt and integration. It is thus vital that, during development, the dendritic arbor is adequately formed to enable proper neural circuit formation and function. While several known processes shape the arbor, little is known of those that govern dendrite branching versus extension. Here, we report a new mechanism instructing dendrites to branch versus extend. In it, glutamate signaling activates mGluR5 receptors to promote Ckd5-mediated phosphorylation of the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of delta-catenin. The phosphorylation state of this motif determines delta-catenin's ability to bind either Pdlim5 or Magi1. Whereas the delta:Pdlim5 complex enhances dendrite branching at the expense of elongation, the delta:Magi1 complex instead promotes lengthening. Our data suggest that these complexes affect dendrite development by differentially regulating the small-GTPase RhoA and actin-associated protein Cortactin. We thus reveal a "phospho-switch" within delta-catenin, subject to a glutamate-mediated signaling pathway, that assists in balancing the branching versus extension of dendrites during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Baumert
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Aaron Wolfe
- Computational Biology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Xiaojiang Chen
- Computational Biology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX.,Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX.,Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX
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20
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Cheng J, Scala F, Blanco FA, Niu S, Firozi K, Keehan L, Mulherkar S, Froudarakis E, Li L, Duman JG, Jiang X, Tolias KF. The Rac-GEF Tiam1 Promotes Dendrite and Synapse Stabilization of Dentate Granule Cells and Restricts Hippocampal-Dependent Memory Functions. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1191-1206. [PMID: 33328293 PMCID: PMC7888217 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3271-17.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) controls information flow into the hippocampus and is critical for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial coding, while DG dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating DG neural circuit assembly and function remain unclear. Here, we identify the Rac-GEF Tiam1 as an important regulator of DG development and associated memory processes. In the hippocampus, Tiam1 is predominantly expressed in the DG throughout life. Global deletion of Tiam1 in male mice results in DG granule cells with simplified dendritic arbors, reduced dendritic spine density, and diminished excitatory synaptic transmission. Notably, DG granule cell dendrites and synapses develop normally in Tiam1 KO mice, resembling WT mice at postnatal day 21 (P21), but fail to stabilize, leading to dendrite and synapse loss by P42. These results indicate that Tiam1 promotes DG granule cell dendrite and synapse stabilization late in development. Tiam1 loss also increases the survival, but not the production, of adult-born DG granule cells, possibly because of greater circuit integration as a result of decreased competition with mature granule cells for synaptic inputs. Strikingly, both male and female mice lacking Tiam1 exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. Together, these results suggest that Tiam1 is a key regulator of DG granule cell stabilization and function within hippocampal circuits. Moreover, based on the enhanced memory phenotype of Tiam1 KO mice, Tiam1 may be a potential target for the treatment of disorders involving memory impairments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dentate gyrus (DG) is important for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial navigation, and its dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling DG formation and function remain elusive. By characterizing mice lacking the Rac-GEF Tiam1, we demonstrate that Tiam1 promotes the stabilization of DG granule cell dendritic arbors, spines, and synapses, whereas it restricts the survival of adult-born DG granule cells, which compete with mature granule cells for synaptic integration. Notably, mice lacking Tiam1 also exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. These findings establish Tiam1 as an essential regulator of DG granule cell development, and identify it as a possible therapeutic target for memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Cheng
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Federico Scala
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Francisco A Blanco
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sanyong Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Karen Firozi
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Laura Keehan
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Lingyong Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Joseph G Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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21
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Hada K, Wulaer B, Nagai T, Itoh N, Sawahata M, Sobue A, Mizoguchi H, Mori D, Kushima I, Nabeshima T, Ozaki N, Yamada K. Mice carrying a schizophrenia-associated mutation of the Arhgap10 gene are vulnerable to the effects of methamphetamine treatment on cognitive function: association with morphological abnormalities in striatal neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:21. [PMID: 33482876 PMCID: PMC7821731 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found a significant association between exonic copy-number variations in the Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (Arhgap10) gene and schizophrenia in Japanese patients. Special attention was paid to one patient carrying a missense variant (p.S490P) in exon 17, which overlapped with an exonic deletion in the other allele. Accordingly, we generated a mouse model (Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice) carrying a missense variant and a coexisting frameshift mutation. We examined the spatiotemporal expression of Arhgap10 mRNA in the brain and found the highest expression levels in the cerebellum, striatum, and nucleus accumbens (NAc), followed by the frontal cortex in adolescent mice. The expression levels of phosphorylated myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 and phosphorylated p21-activated kinases in the striatum and NAc were significantly increased in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice compared with wild-type littermates. Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice exhibited a significant increase in neuronal complexity and spine density in the striatum and NAc. There was no difference in touchscreen-based visual discrimination learning between Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ and wild-type mice, but a significant impairment of visual discrimination was evident in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice but not wild-type mice when they were treated with methamphetamine. The number of c-Fos-positive cells was significantly increased after methamphetamine treatment in the dorsomedial striatum and NAc core of Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Taken together, these results suggested that schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 gene mutations result in morphological abnormality of neurons in the striatum and NAc, which may be associated with vulnerability of cognition to methamphetamine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
| | - Bolati Wulaer
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, Project Office for Neuropsychological Research Center, Fujita Health University, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan
| | - Norimichi Itoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
| | - Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560 Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560 Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560 Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560 Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560 Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
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22
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Kerloch T, Farrugia F, Bouit L, Maître M, Terral G, Koehl M, Mortessagne P, Heng JIT, Blanchard M, Doat H, Leste-Lasserre T, Goron A, Gonzales D, Perrais D, Guillemot F, Abrous DN, Pacary E. The atypical Rho GTPase Rnd2 is critical for dentate granule neuron development and anxiety-like behavior during adult but not neonatal neurogenesis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7280-7295. [PMID: 34561615 PMCID: PMC8872985 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the central role of Rho GTPases in neuronal development, their functions in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain poorly explored. Here, by using a retrovirus-based loss-of-function approach in vivo, we show that the atypical Rho GTPase Rnd2 is crucial for survival, positioning, somatodendritic morphogenesis, and functional maturation of adult-born dentate granule neurons. Interestingly, most of these functions are specific to granule neurons generated during adulthood since the deletion of Rnd2 in neonatally-born granule neurons only affects dendritogenesis. In addition, suppression of Rnd2 in adult-born dentate granule neurons increases anxiety-like behavior whereas its deletion in pups has no such effect, a finding supporting the adult neurogenesis hypothesis of anxiety disorders. Thus, our results are in line with the view that adult neurogenesis is not a simple continuation of earlier processes from development, and establish a causal relationship between Rnd2 expression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kerloch
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Farrugia
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lou Bouit
- grid.462202.00000 0004 0382 7329Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Maître
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaser microdissection Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Geoffrey Terral
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Mortessagne
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102 Bentley, WA Australia
| | - Mylène Blanchard
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Doat
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaser microdissection Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France ,grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XTranscriptome Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Leste-Lasserre
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XTranscriptome Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Adeline Goron
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XGenotyping Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - David Perrais
- grid.462202.00000 0004 0382 7329Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Guillemot
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT UK
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Pacary
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France.
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23
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Heppt J, Wittmann MT, Schäffner I, Billmann C, Zhang J, Vogt-Weisenhorn D, Prakash N, Wurst W, Taketo MM, Lie DC. β-catenin signaling modulates the tempo of dendritic growth of adult-born hippocampal neurons. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104472. [PMID: 32929771 PMCID: PMC7604596 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult hippocampal neurogenesis, stem/progenitor cells generate dentate granule neurons that contribute to hippocampal plasticity. The establishment of a morphologically defined dendritic arbor is central to the functional integration of adult‐born neurons. We investigated the role of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in dendritogenesis of adult‐born neurons. We show that canonical Wnt signaling follows a biphasic pattern, with high activity in stem/progenitor cells, attenuation in immature neurons, and reactivation during maturation, and demonstrate that this activity pattern is required for proper dendrite development. Increasing β‐catenin signaling in maturing neurons of young adult mice transiently accelerated dendritic growth, but eventually produced dendritic defects and excessive spine numbers. In middle‐aged mice, in which protracted dendrite and spine development were paralleled by lower canonical Wnt signaling activity, enhancement of β‐catenin signaling restored dendritic growth and spine formation to levels observed in young adult animals. Our data indicate that precise timing and strength of β‐catenin signaling are essential for the correct functional integration of adult‐born neurons and suggest Wnt/β‐catenin signaling as a pathway to ameliorate deficits in adult neurogenesis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Heppt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Billmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Daniela Vogt-Weisenhorn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Lu JH, Zhang MB, Wang JW, Ye XY, Chen JL, Jia GL, Xie CS, Shen YJ, Tao YX, Li J, Cao H. Kalirin-7 contributes to type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain via the postsynaptic density-95/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B phosphorylation in the spinal cord in rats. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4819-4829. [PMID: 32913553 PMCID: PMC7476141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the common complications in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. However, molecular mechanisms in underlying diabetic neuropathic pain are still poorly understood. Kalirin-7, a multifunctional Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor, located at the excitatory synapses, was reported to modulate the neuronal cytoskeleton. Therefore, in this study, we explored the effects of Kalirin-7 on type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain and the mechanisms in spinal cord in rats. METHODS The type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain model was established in rats by feeding them with a high-sugar and high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and then fasting them for 12 hours, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Kalirin-7 was knocked down in the spinal cord by an intrathecal administration of Kalirin-7 siRNA. RESULTS The levels of Kalirin-7, p-NR2B and PSD-95 as well as the PSD-95-NR2B coupling were significantly increased in the spinal cord of type 2 DM rats. The knockdown of Kalirin-7 expression in the spinal cord by the intrathecal administration of Kalirin-7 siRNA not only reduced the levels of p-NR2B and the PSD-95-NR2B coupling in the spinal cord, but also relieved mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in type 2 DM rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that spinally expressed Kalirin-7 likely contributes to type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain through regulating the PSD-95/NR2B interaction-dependent NR2B phosphorylation in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mao-Biao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Wu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gai-Li Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ci-Shan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Jing Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNewark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
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Mu X, Li W, Ze X, Li L, Wang G, Hong F, Ze Y. Molecular mechanism of nanoparticulate TiO 2 induction of axonal development inhibition in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:895-905. [PMID: 32329576 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo neurotoxicity of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2 ), a mass-produced material for a large number of commercial and industrial applications. The mechanism of nano-TiO2 -induced inhibition of axonal development, however, is still unclear. In our study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons of 24-hour-old fetal Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 5, 15, or 30 μg/mL nano-TiO2 for 6, 12, and 24 hours, and the toxic effects of nano-TiO2 exposure on the axons development were detected and its molecular mechanism investigated. Nano-TiO2 accumulated in hippocampal neurons and inhibited the development of axons as nano-TiO2 concentrations increased. Increasing time in culture resulted in decreasing axon length by 32.5%, 36.6%, and 53.8% at 6 hours, by 49.4%, 53.8%, and 69.5% at 12 hours, and by 44.5%, 58.2%, and 63.6% at 24 hours, for 5, 15, and 30 μg/mL nano-TiO2 , respectively. Furthermore, nano-TiO2 downregulated expression of Netrin-1, growth-associated protein-43, and Neuropilin-1, and promoted an increase of semaphorin type 3A and Nogo-A. These studies suggest that nano-TiO2 inhibited axonal development in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons and this phenomenon is related to changes in the expression of axon growth-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wuyan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ze
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ding XW, Li R, Geetha T, Tao YX, Babu JR. Nerve growth factor in metabolic complications and Alzheimer's disease: Physiology and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165858. [PMID: 32531260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the population ages, obesity and metabolic complications as well as neurological disorders are becoming more prevalent, with huge economic burdens on both societies and families. New therapeutics are urgently needed. Nerve growth factor (NGF), first discovered in 1950s, is a neurotrophic factor involved in regulating cell proliferation, growth, survival, and apoptosis in both central and peripheral nervous systems. NGF and its precursor, proNGF, bind to TrkA and p75 receptors and initiate protein phosphorylation cascades, resulting in changes of cellular functions, and are associated with obesity, diabetes and its complications, and Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we summarize changes in NGF levels in metabolic and neuronal disorders, the signal transduction initiated by NGF and proNGF, the physiological and pathophysiological relevance, and therapeutic potential in treating chronic metabolic diseases and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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α2-Chimaerin is essential for neural stem cell homeostasis in mouse adult neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13651-13660. [PMID: 31209021 PMCID: PMC6613132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903891116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the lifelong generation of neurons in the dentate gyrus, is important for brain functioning, including learning, memory, and mood regulation. Its dysregulation is associated with cognitive decline and mood disorders. We discovered that the Rho GTPase-activating protein, α2-chimaerin, is essential for adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as it precisely regulates the transition of neural stem cells (NSCs) into intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). Conditional knockout of α2-chimaerin in adult NSCs in the mouse hippocampus resulted in a loss of the Klotho-expressing NSC population and the premature differentiation of NSCs into IPCs, which impaired neuron production. These mice also exhibited compromised hippocampal synaptic plasticity and anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Thus, our findings revealed that α2-chimaerin is important in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis involves the lifelong generation of neurons. The process depends on the homeostasis of the production of neurons and maintenance of the adult neural stem cell (NSC) pool. Here, we report that α2-chimaerin, a Rho GTPase-activating protein, is essential for NSC homeostasis in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Conditional deletion of α2-chimaerin in adult NSCs resulted in the premature differentiation of NSCs into intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs), which ultimately depleted the NSC pool and impaired neuron generation. Single-cell RNA sequencing and pseudotime analyses revealed that α2-chimaerin–conditional knockout (α2-CKO) mice lacked a unique NSC subpopulation, termed Klotho-expressing NSCs, during the transition of NSCs to IPCs. Furthermore, α2-CKO led to defects in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and anxiety/depression-like behaviors in mice. Our findings collectively demonstrate that α2-chimaerin plays an essential role in adult hippocampal NSC homeostasis to maintain proper brain function.
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Rho GTPases in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Peripheral Sensory Neurons. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060591. [PMID: 31208035 PMCID: PMC6627758 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous experimental studies demonstrate that the Ras homolog family of guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (Rho GTPases) Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) are important regulators in somatosensory neurons, where they elicit changes in the cellular cytoskeleton and are involved in diverse biological processes during development, differentiation, survival and regeneration. This review summarizes the status of research regarding the expression and the role of the Rho GTPases in peripheral sensory neurons and how these small proteins are involved in development and outgrowth of sensory neurons, as well as in neuronal regeneration after injury, inflammation and pain perception. In sensory neurons, Rho GTPases are activated by various extracellular signals through membrane receptors and elicit their action through a wide range of downstream effectors, such as Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or mixed-lineage kinase (MLK). While RhoA is implicated in the assembly of stress fibres and focal adhesions and inhibits neuronal outgrowth through growth cone collapse, Rac1 and Cdc42 promote neuronal development, differentiation and neuroregeneration. The functions of Rho GTPases are critically important in the peripheral somatosensory system; however, their signalling interconnections and partially antagonistic actions are not yet fully understood.
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Santos J, Milthorpe BK, Padula MP. Proteomic Analysis of Cyclic Ketamine Compounds Ability to Induce Neural Differentiation in Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030523. [PMID: 30691166 PMCID: PMC6387408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural regeneration is of great interest due to its potential to treat traumatic brain injuries and diseases that impact quality of life. Growth factor mediated differentiation can take up to several weeks to months to produce the cell of interest whereas chemical stimulation may be as minimal as a few hours. The smaller time scale is of great clinical relevance. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were treated for up to 24 h with a novel differentiation media containing the cyclic ketamine compounds to direct neurogenic induction. The extent of differentiation was investigated by proteome changes occurring during the process. The treatments indicated the ADSCs responded favorably to the neurogenic induction media by presenting a number of morphological cues of neuronal phenotype previously seen and a higher cell population post induction compared to previous studies. Furthermore, approximately 3500 proteins were analyzed and identified by mass spectrometric iTRAQ analyses. The bioinformatics analyses revealed hundreds of proteins whose expression level changes were statistically significant and biologically relevant to neurogenesis and annotated as being involved in neurogenic development. Complementing this, the Bioplex cytokine assay profiles present evidence of decreased panel of stress response cytokines and a relative increase in those involved in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
- CIRIMAT, Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse 3 (INPT), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruce Kenneth Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
| | - Matthew Paul Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
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Dhaliwal J, Kannangara TS, Vaculik M, Xue Y, Kumar KL, Maione A, Béïque JC, Shen J, Lagace DC. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in the absence of Presenilin 1 and Presenilin 2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17931. [PMID: 30560948 PMCID: PMC6299003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the presenilin genes (PS1 and PS2) are a major cause of familial-Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Presenilins regulate neurogenesis in the developing brain, with loss of PS1 inducing aberrant premature differentiation of neural progenitor cells, and additional loss of PS2 exacerbating this effect. It is unclear, however, whether presenilins are involved in adult neurogenesis, a process that may be impaired in Alzheimer's disease within the hippocampus. To investigate the requirement of presenilins in adult-generated dentate granule neurons, we examined adult neurogenesis in the PS2-/- adult brain and then employ a retroviral approach to ablate PS1 selectively in dividing progenitor cells of the PS2-/- adult brain. Surprisingly, the in vivo ablation of both presenilins resulted in no defects in the survival and differentiation of adult-generated neurons. There was also no change in the morphology or functional properties of the retroviral-labeled presenilin-null cells, as assessed by dendritic morphology and whole-cell electrophysiology analyses. Furthermore, while FACS analysis showed that stem and progenitor cells express presenilins, inactivation of presenilins from these cells, using a NestinCreERT2 inducible genetic approach, demonstrated no changes in the proliferation, survival, or differentiation of adult-generated cells. Therefore, unlike their significant role in neurogenesis during embryonic development, presenilins are not required for cell-intrinsic regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagroop Dhaliwal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Timal S Kannangara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Michael Vaculik
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Yingben Xue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Keren L Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Amanda Maione
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Diane C Lagace
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5, Canada.
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Ito H, Morishita R, Mizuno M, Tabata H, Nagata KI. Rho family GTPases, Rac and Cdc42, control the localization of neonatal dentate granule cells during brain development. Hippocampus 2018; 29:569-578. [PMID: 30387892 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is generally considered as a brain center for learning and memory. We have recently established an electroporation-mediated gene transfer method to investigate the development of neonatal dentate granule cells in vivo. Using this new technique, we introduced knockdown vectors against Rac1 small GTPase into precursors for dentate granule cells at postnatal day 0. After 21 days, Rac1-deficient cells were frequently mispositioned between the granule cell layer (GCL) and hilus. About 60% of these mislocalized cells expressed a dentate granule cell marker, Prox1. Both the dendritic spine density and the ratio of mature spine were reduced when Rac1 was silenced. Notably, the deficient cells have immature thin processes during migrating in the early neonatal period. Knockdown of another Rac isoform, Rac3, also resulted in mislocalization of neonatally born dentate granule cells. In addition, knockdown of Cdc42, another Rho family protein, also caused mislocalization of the cell, although the effects were moderate compared to Rac1 and 3. Despite the ectopic localization, Rac3- or Cdc42-disrupted mispositioned cells expressed Prox1. These results indicate that Rho signaling pathways differentially regulate the proper localization and differentiation of dentate granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rika Morishita
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tabata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Stappert L, Klaus F, Brüstle O. MicroRNAs Engage in Complex Circuits Regulating Adult Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:707. [PMID: 30455620 PMCID: PMC6230569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that the adult mammalian brain is still capable of producing neurons has ignited a new field of research aiming to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating adult neurogenesis. An improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of novel approaches to delay cognitive decline and facilitate neuroregeneration in the adult human brain. Accumulating evidence suggest microRNAs (miRNAs), which represent a class of post-transcriptional gene expression regulators, as crucial part of the gene regulatory networks governing adult neurogenesis. This review attempts to illustrate how miRNAs modulate key processes in the adult neurogenic niche by interacting with each other and with transcriptional regulators. We discuss the function of miRNAs in adult neurogenesis following the life-journey of an adult-born neuron from the adult neural stem cell (NSCs) compartment to its final target site. We first survey how miRNAs control the initial step of adult neurogenesis, that is the transition of quiescent to activated proliferative adult NSCs, and then go on to discuss the role of miRNAs to regulate neuronal differentiation, survival, and functional integration of the newborn neurons. In this context, we highlight miRNAs that converge on functionally related targets or act within cross talking gene regulatory networks. The cooperative manner of miRNA action and the broad target repertoire of each individual miRNA could make the miRNA system a promising tool to gain control on adult NSCs in the context of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stappert
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederike Klaus
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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Handley EE, Pitman KA, Dawkins E, Young KM, Clark RM, Jiang TC, Turner BJ, Dickson TC, Blizzard CA. Synapse Dysfunction of Layer V Pyramidal Neurons Precedes Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3630-3647. [PMID: 27496536 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is a major protein component of pathological neuronal inclusions that are present in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We report that TDP-43 plays an important role in dendritic spine formation in the cortex. The density of spines on YFP+ pyramidal neurons in both the motor and somatosensory cortex of Thy1-YFP mice, increased significantly from postnatal day 30 (P30), to peak at P60, before being pruned by P90. By comparison, dendritic spine density was significantly reduced in the motor cortex of Thy1-YFP::TDP-43A315T transgenic mice prior to symptom onset (P60), and in the motor and somatosensory cortex at symptom onset (P90). Morphological spine-type analysis revealed that there was a significant impairment in the development of basal mushroom spines in the motor cortex of Thy1-YFP::TDP-43A315T mice compared to Thy1-YFP control. Furthermore, reductions in spine density corresponded to mislocalisation of TDP-43 immunoreactivity and lowered efficacy of synaptic transmission as determined by electrophysiology at P60. We conclude that mutated TDP-43 has a significant pathological effect at the dendritic spine that is associated with attenuated neural transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Handley
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Kimberley A Pitman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Edgar Dawkins
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Rosemary M Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Tongcui C Jiang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tracey C Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Catherine A Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Moutin E, Nikonenko I, Stefanelli T, Wirth A, Ponimaskin E, De Roo M, Muller D. Palmitoylation of cdc42 Promotes Spine Stabilization and Rescues Spine Density Deficit in a Mouse Model of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3618-3629. [PMID: 27365300 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with learning and cognitive dysfunctions and a high risk of developing schizophrenia. It has become increasingly clear that dendritic spine plasticity is tightly linked to cognition. Thus, understanding how genes involved in cognitive disorders affect synaptic networks is a major challenge of modern biology. Several studies have pointed to a spine density deficit in 22q11DS transgenic mice models. Using the LgDel mouse model, we first quantified spine deficit at different stages using electron microscopy. Next we performed repetitive confocal imaging over several days on hippocampal organotypic cultures of LgDel mice. We show no imbalanced ratio between daily spine formation and spine elimination, but a decreased spine life expectancy. We corrected this impaired spine stabilization process by overexpressing ZDHHC8 palmitoyltransferase, whose gene belongs to the LgDel microdeletion. Overexpression of one of its substrates, the cdc42 brain-specific variant, under a constitutively active form (cdc42-palm-CA) led to the same result. Finally, we could rescue spine density in vivo, in adult LgDel mice, by injecting pups with a vector expressing cdc42-palm-CA. This study reveals a new role of ZDHHC8-cdc42-palm molecular pathway in postsynaptic structural plasticity and provides new evidence in favor of the dysconnectivity hypothesis for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moutin
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - I Nikonenko
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - T Stefanelli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Wirth
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M De Roo
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - D Muller
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Characterization of Behavioral, Signaling and Cytokine Alterations in a Rat Neurodevelopmental Model for Schizophrenia, and Their Reversal by the 5-HT 6 Receptor Antagonist SB-399885. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7413-7430. [PMID: 29423817 PMCID: PMC6096968 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-weaning social isolation of rats produces neuroanatomical, neurochemical and behavioral alterations resembling some core features of schizophrenia. This study examined the ability of the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-399885 to reverse isolation-induced cognitive deficits, then investigated alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation and hippocampal and frontal cortical expression of selected intracellular signaling molecules and cytokines. Male Lister hooded rats (weaned on post-natal days 21-24 and housed individually or in groups of 3-4) received six i.p. injections of vehicle (1% Tween 80, 1 mL/kg) or SB-399885 (5 or 10 mg/kg) over a 2-week period starting 40 days post-weaning, on the days that locomotor activity, novel object discrimination (NOD), pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle and acquisition, retention and extinction of a conditioned freezing response (CFR) were assessed. Tissue was collected 24 h after the final injection for immunohistochemistry, reverse-phase protein microarray and western blotting. Isolation rearing impaired NOD and cue-mediated CFR, decreased cell proliferation within the dentate gyrus, and elevated hippocampal TNFα levels and Cdc42 expression. SB-399885 reversed the NOD deficit and partially normalized CFR and cell proliferation. These effects were accompanied by altered expression of several members of the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways (including TAK1, MKK4 and STAT3). Although JNK and p38 themselves were unaltered at this time point hippocampal TAK1 expression and phosphorylation correlated with visual recognition memory in the NOD task. Continued use of this neurodevelopmental model could further elucidate the neurobiology of schizophrenia and aid assessment of novel therapies for drug-resistant cognitive symptoms.
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Barui A, Chowdhury F, Pandit A, Datta P. Rerouting mesenchymal stem cell trajectory towards epithelial lineage by engineering cellular niche. Biomaterials 2018; 156:28-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhou N, Hao S, Huang Z, Wang W, Yan P, Zhou W, Zhu Q, Liu X. MiR-7 inhibited peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting neural stem cells migration and proliferation through cdc42. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918766793. [PMID: 29663842 PMCID: PMC5912295 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918766793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Neural stem cells play an important role in the recovery and regeneration of peripheral nerve injury, and the microRNA-7 (miR-7) regulates differentiation of neural stem cells. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-7 in neural stem cells homing and proliferation and its influence on peripheral nerve injury repair. Methods The mice model of peripheral nerve injury was created by segmental sciatic nerve defect (sciatic nerve injury), and neural stem cells treatment was performed with a gelatin hydrogel conduit containing neural stem cells inserted into the sciatic nerve injury mice. The Sciatic Function Index was used to quantify sciatic nerve functional recovery in the mice. The messenger RNA and protein expression were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding between miR-7 and the 3'UTR of cell division cycle protein 42 (cdc42). The neural stem cells migration and proliferation were analyzed by transwell assay and a Cell-LightTM EdU DNA Cell Proliferation kit, respectively. Results Neural stem cells treatment significantly promoted nerve repair in sciatic nerve injury mice. MiR-7 expression was decreased in sciatic nerve injury mice with neural stem cells treatment, and miR-7 mimic transfected into neural stem cells suppressed migration and proliferation, while miR-7 inhibitor promoted migration and proliferation. The expression level and effect of cdc42 on neural stem cells migration and proliferation were opposite to miR-7, and the luciferase reporter assay proved that cdc42 was a target of miR-7. Using co-transfection into neural stem cells, we found pcDNA3.1-cdc42 and si-cdc42 could reverse respectively the role of miR-7 mimic and miR-7 inhibitor on neural stem cells migration and proliferation. In addition, miR-7 mimic-transfected neural stem cells could abolish the protective role of neural stem cells on peripheral nerve injury. Conclusion MiR-7 inhibited peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting neural stem cells migration and proliferation through cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang Hao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qihang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Expression of Rac1 alternative 3′ UTRs is a cell specific mechanism with a function in dendrite outgrowth in cortical neurons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:685-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Martin-Vilchez S, Whitmore L, Asmussen H, Zareno J, Horwitz R, Newell-Litwa K. RhoGTPase Regulators Orchestrate Distinct Stages of Synaptic Development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170464. [PMID: 28114311 PMCID: PMC5256999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RhoGTPases regulate changes in post-synaptic spine morphology and density that support learning and memory. They are also major targets of synaptic disorders, including Autism. Here we sought to determine whether upstream RhoGTPase regulators, including GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs, sculpt specific stages of synaptic development. The majority of examined molecules uniquely regulate either early spine precursor formation or later maturation. Specifically, an activator of actin polymerization, the Rac1 GEF β-PIX, drives spine precursor formation, whereas both FRABIN, a Cdc42 GEF, and OLIGOPHRENIN-1, a RhoA GAP, regulate spine precursor elongation. However, in later development, a novel Rac1 GAP, ARHGAP23, and RhoGDIs inactivate actomyosin dynamics to stabilize mature synapses. Our observations demonstrate that specific combinations of RhoGTPase regulatory proteins temporally balance RhoGTPase activity during post-synaptic spine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martin-Vilchez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Leanna Whitmore
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Hannelore Asmussen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Zareno
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Karen Newell-Litwa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
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40
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Pramanik S, Sulistio YA, Heese K. Neurotrophin Signaling and Stem Cells-Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stem Cell Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7401-7459. [PMID: 27815842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are members of a neuronal growth factor protein family whose action is mediated by the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) receptor family receptors and the p75 NT receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Although NTs were first discovered in neurons, recent studies have suggested that NTs and their receptors are expressed in various types of stem cells mediating pivotal signaling events in stem cell biology. The concept of stem cell therapy has already attracted much attention as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Strikingly, NTs, proNTs, and their receptors are gaining interest as key regulators of stem cells differentiation, survival, self-renewal, plasticity, and migration. In this review, we elaborate the recent progress in understanding of NTs and their action on various stem cells. First, we provide current knowledge of NTs, proNTs, and their receptor isoforms and signaling pathways. Subsequently, we describe recent advances in the understanding of NT activities in various stem cells and their role in NDs, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Finally, we compile the implications of NTs and stem cells from a clinical perspective and discuss the challenges with regard to transplantation therapy for treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Roszkowska M, Skupien A, Wójtowicz T, Konopka A, Gorlewicz A, Kisiel M, Bekisz M, Ruszczycki B, Dolezyczek H, Rejmak E, Knapska E, Mozrzymas JW, Wlodarczyk J, Wilczynski GM, Dzwonek J. CD44: a novel synaptic cell adhesion molecule regulating structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:4055-4066. [PMID: 27798233 PMCID: PMC5156546 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a novel molecular player that regulates structure and function of the synapse. It affects excitatory synaptic transmission, dendritic spine shape, number of functional synapses, and activity-dependent neuronal plasticity. These functions are exerted via the regulation of small Rho GTPases. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules regulate signal transduction, synaptic function, and plasticity. However, their role in neuronal interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) is not well understood. Here we report that the CD44, a transmembrane receptor for hyaluronan, modulates synaptic plasticity. High-resolution ultrastructural analysis showed that CD44 was localized at mature synapses in the adult brain. The reduced expression of CD44 affected the synaptic excitatory transmission of primary hippocampal neurons, simultaneously modifying dendritic spine shape. The frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents decreased, accompanied by dendritic spine elongation and thinning. These structural and functional alterations went along with a decrease in the number of presynaptic Bassoon puncta, together with a reduction of PSD-95 levels at dendritic spines, suggesting a reduced number of functional synapses. Lack of CD44 also abrogated spine head enlargement upon neuronal stimulation. Moreover, our results indicate that CD44 contributes to proper dendritic spine shape and function by modulating the activity of actin cytoskeleton regulators, that is, Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42). Thus CD44 appears to be a novel molecular player regulating functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Roszkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skupien
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Konopka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Gorlewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kisiel
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Bekisz
- Laboratory of Visual System, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blazej Ruszczycki
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Dolezyczek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Rejmak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Knapska
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy W Mozrzymas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz M Wilczynski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Dzwonek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Losing Connections, Losing Memory: AMPA Receptor Endocytosis as a Neurobiological Mechanism of Forgetting. J Neurosci 2016; 36:7559-61. [PMID: 27445134 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1445-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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43
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Alvarez Juliá A, Frasch AC, Fuchsova B. Neuronal filopodium formation induced by the membrane glycoprotein M6a (Gpm6a) is facilitated by coronin-1a, Rac1, and p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1). J Neurochem 2016; 137:46-61. [PMID: 26809475 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress-responsive neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a (Gpm6a) functions in neurite extension, filopodium and spine formation and synaptogenesis. The mechanisms of Gpm6a action in these processes are incompletely understood. Previously, we identified the actin regulator coronin-1a (Coro1a) as a putative Gpm6a interacting partner. Here, we used co-immunoprecipitation assays with the anti-Coro1a antibody to show that Coro1a associates with Gpm6a in rat hippocampal neurons. By immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated that in hippocampal neurons Coro1a localizes in F-actin-enriched regions and some of Coro1a spots co-localize with Gpm6a labeling. Notably, the over-expression of a dominant-negative form of Coro1a as well as its down-regulation by siRNA interfered with Gpm6a-induced filopodium formation. Coro1a is known to regulate the plasma membrane translocation and activation of small GTPase Rac1. We show that Coro1a co-immunoprecipitates with Rac1 together with Gpm6a. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 resulted in a significant decrease in filopodium formation by Gpm6a. The same was observed upon the co-expression of Gpm6a with the inactive GDP-bound form of Rac1. In this case, the elevated membrane recruitment of GDP-bound Rac1 was detected as well. Moreover, the kinase activity of the p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), a main downstream effector of Rac1 that acts downstream of Coro1a, was required for Gpm6a-induced filopodium formation. Taken together, our results provide evidence that a signaling pathway including Coro1a, Rac1, and Pak1 facilitates Gpm6a-induced filopodium formation. Formation of filopodia by membrane glycoprotein M6a (Gpm6a) requires actin regulator coronin-1a (Coro1a), known to regulate plasma membrane localization and activation of Rac1 and its downstream effector Pak1. Coro1a associates with Gpm6a. Blockage of Coro1a, Rac1, or Pak1 interferes with Gpm6a-induced filopodium formation. Moreover, Gpm6a facilitates Rac1 membrane recruitment. Altogether, a mechanistic insight into the process of Gpm6a-induced neuronal filopodium formation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Alvarez Juliá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, San Martin, Argentina
| | - Alberto C Frasch
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, San Martin, Argentina
| | - Beata Fuchsova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, San Martin, Argentina
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Zhang Q, Gao X, Li C, Feliciano C, Wang D, Zhou D, Mei Y, Monteiro P, Anand M, Itohara S, Dong X, Fu Z, Feng G. Impaired Dendritic Development and Memory in Sorbs2 Knock-Out Mice. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2247-60. [PMID: 26888934 PMCID: PMC4756157 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2528-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. Both environmental insults and genetic defects contribute to the etiology of intellectual disability. Copy number variations of SORBS2 have been linked to intellectual disability. However, the neurobiological function of SORBS2 in the brain is unknown. The SORBS2 gene encodes ArgBP2 (Arg/c-Abl kinase binding protein 2) protein in non-neuronal tissues and is alternatively spliced in the brain to encode nArgBP2 protein. We found nArgBP2 colocalized with F-actin at dendritic spines and growth cones in cultured hippocampal neurons. In the mouse brain, nArgBP2 was highly expressed in the cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, and enriched in the outer one-third of the molecular layer in dentate gyrus. Genetic deletion of Sorbs2 in mice led to reduced dendritic complexity and decreased frequency of AMPAR-miniature spontaneous EPSCs in dentate gyrus granule cells. Behavioral characterization revealed that Sorbs2 deletion led to a reduced acoustic startle response, and defective long-term object recognition memory and contextual fear memory. Together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, an important role for nArgBP2 in neuronal dendritic development and excitatory synaptic transmission, which may thus inform exploration of neurobiological basis of SORBS2 deficiency in intellectual disability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Copy number variations of the SORBS2 gene are linked to intellectual disability, but the neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. We found that nArgBP2, the only neuronal isoform encoded by SORBS2, colocalizes with F-actin at neuronal dendritic growth cones and spines. nArgBP2 is highly expressed in the cortex, amygdala, and dentate gyrus in the mouse brain. Genetic deletion of Sorbs2 in mice leads to impaired dendritic complexity and reduced excitatory synaptic transmission in dentate gyrus granule cells, accompanied by behavioral deficits in acoustic startle response and long-term memory. This is the first study of Sorbs2 function in the brain, and our findings may facilitate the study of neurobiological mechanisms underlying SORBS2 deficiency in the development of intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangge Zhang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Xian Gao
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Chenchen Li
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Catia Feliciano
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Dongqing Wang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Dingxi Zhou
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and
| | - Yuan Mei
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Michelle Anand
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhanyan Fu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,
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45
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LIN RUHUI, WU YUNAN, TAO JING, CHEN BIN, CHEN JIXIANG, ZHAO CONGKUAI, YU KUNQIANG, LI XIAOJIE, CHEN LIDIAN. Electroacupuncture improves cognitive function through Rho GTPases and enhances dendritic spine plasticity in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2655-60. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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46
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Jimeno D, Gómez C, Calzada N, de la Villa P, Lillo C, Santos E. RASGRF2 controls nuclear migration in postnatal retinal cone photoreceptors. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:729-42. [PMID: 26743081 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed immunocytochemical analyses comparing wild-type (WT), GRF1-knockout (KO), GRF2-KO and GRF1/2 double-knockout (DKO) mouse retinas uncovered the specific accumulation of misplaced, 'ectopic' cone photoreceptor nuclei in the photoreceptor segment (PS) area of retinas from GRF2-KO and GRF1/2-DKO, but not of WT or GRF1-KO mice. Localization of ectopic nuclei in the PS area of GRF2-depleted retinas occurred postnatally and peaked between postnatal day (P)11 and P15. Mechanistically, the generation of this phenotype involved disruption of the outer limiting membrane and intrusion into the PS layer by cone nuclei displaying significant perinuclear accumulation of signaling molecules known to participate in nuclear migration and cytoskeletal reorganization, such as PAR3, PAR6 and activated, phosphorylated forms of PAK, MLC2 and VASP. Electroretinographic recordings showed specific impairment of cone-mediated retinal function in GRF2-KO and GRF1/2-DKO retinas compared with WT controls. These data identify defective cone nuclear migration as a novel phenotype in mouse retinas lacking GRF2 and support a crucial role of GRF2 in control of the nuclear migration processes required for proper postnatal development and function of retinal cone photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jimeno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Carmela Gómez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain, Spain
| | | | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
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Regulation of viability, differentiation and death of human melanoma cells carrying neural stem cell biomarkers: a possibility for neural trans-differentiation. Apoptosis 2016; 20:996-1015. [PMID: 25953317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, melanoblasts, the precursors of melanocytes, emerge from a subpopulation of the neural crest stem cells and migrate to colonize skin. Melanomas arise during melanoblast differentiation into melanocytes and from young proliferating melanocytes through somatic mutagenesis and epigenetic regulations. In the present study, we used several human melanoma cell lines from the sequential phases of melanoma development (radial growth phase, vertical growth phase and metastatic phase) to compare: (i) the frequency and efficiency of the induction of cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis; (ii) the presence of neural and cancer stem cell biomarkers as well as death receptors, DR5 and FAS, in both adherent and spheroid cultures of melanoma cells; (iii) anti-apoptotic effects of the endogenous production of cytokines and (iv) the ability of melanoma cells to perform neural trans-differentiation. We demonstrated that programed necrosis or necroptosis, could be induced in two metastatic melanoma lines, FEMX and OM431, while the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was prevalent in a vast majority of melanoma lines. All melanoma lines used in the current study expressed substantial levels of pluripotency markers, SOX2 and NANOG. There was a trend for increasing expression of Nestin, an early neuroprogenitor marker, during melanoma progression. Most of the melanoma lines, including WM35, FEMX and A375, can grow as a spheroid culture in serum-free media with supplements. It was possible to induce neural trans-differentiation of 1205Lu and OM431 melanoma cells in serum-free media supplemented with insulin. This was confirmed by the expression of neuronal markers, doublecortin and β3-Tubulin, by significant growth of neurites and by the negative regulation of this process by a dominant-negative Rac1N17. These results suggest a relative plasticity of differentiated melanoma cells and a possibility for their neural trans-differentiation without the necessity for preliminary dedifferentiation.
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48
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Generation of functional human serotonergic neurons from fibroblasts. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:49-61. [PMID: 26503761 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain's serotonergic system centrally regulates several physiological processes and its dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. While in the past our understanding of serotonergic neurotransmission has come mainly from mouse models, the development of pluripotent stem cell and induced fibroblast-to-neuron (iN) transdifferentiation technologies has revolutionized our ability to generate human neurons in vitro. Utilizing these techniques and a novel lentiviral reporter for serotonergic neurons, we identified and overexpressed key transcription factors to successfully generate human serotonergic neurons. We found that overexpressing the transcription factors NKX2.2, FEV, GATA2 and LMX1B in combination with ASCL1 and NGN2 directly and efficiently generated serotonergic neurons from human fibroblasts. Induced serotonergic neurons (iSNs) showed increased expression of specific serotonergic genes that are known to be expressed in raphe nuclei. iSNs displayed spontaneous action potentials, released serotonin in vitro and functionally responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Here, we demonstrate the efficient generation of functional human serotonergic neurons from human fibroblasts as a novel tool for studying human serotonergic neurotransmission in health and disease.
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49
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Methylglyoxal Causes Cell Death in Neural Progenitor Cells and Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:419-31. [PMID: 26690780 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is formed during normal metabolism by processes like glycolysis, lipid peroxidation, and threonine catabolism, and its accumulation is associated with various degenerative diseases, such as diabetes and arterial atherogenesis. Furthermore, MG has also been reported to have toxic effects on hippocampal neurons. However, these effects have not been studied in the context of neurogenesis. Here, we report that MG adversely affects hippocampal neurogenesis and induces neural progenitor cell (NPC) death. MG significantly reduced C17.2 NPC proliferation, and high concentration of MG (500 μM) induced cell death and elevated oxidative stress. Further, MG was found to activate the ERK signaling pathway, indicating elevated stress response. To determine the effects of MG in vivo, mice were administrated with vehicle or MG (0.5 or 1 % in drinking water) for 4 weeks. The numbers of BrdU-positive cells in hippocampi were significantly lower in MG-treated mice, indicating impaired neurogenesis, but MG did not induce neuronal damage or glial activations. Interestingly, MG reduced memory retention when administered to mice at 1 % but not at 0.5 %. In addition, the levels of hippocampal BDNF and synaptophysin were significantly lower in the hippocampi of mice treated with MG at 1 %. Collectively, our findings suggest MG could be harmful to NPCs and to hippocampal neurogenesis.
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50
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Hua ZL, Emiliani FE, Nathans J. Rac1 plays an essential role in axon growth and guidance and in neuronal survival in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neural Dev 2015; 10:21. [PMID: 26395878 PMCID: PMC4580344 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-015-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rac1 is a critical regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in multiple cell types. In the nervous system, it has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation, neuronal migration, and axon development. RESULTS To systematically investigate the role of Rac1 in axon growth and guidance in the developing nervous system, we have examined the phenotypes associated with deleting Rac1 in the embryonic mouse forebrain, in cranial and spinal motor neurons, in cranial sensory and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and in the retina. We observe a widespread requirement for Rac1 in axon growth and guidance and a cell-autonomous defect in axon growth in Rac1 (-/-) motor neurons in culture. Neuronal death, presumably a secondary consequence of the axon growth and/or guidance defects, was observed in multiple locations. Following deletion of Rac1 in the forebrain, thalamocortical axons were misrouted inferiorly, with the majority projecting to the contralateral thalamus and a minority projecting ipsilaterally to the ventral cortex, a pattern of misrouting that is indistinguishable from the pattern previously observed in Frizzled3 (-/-) and Celsr3 (-/-) forebrains. In the limbs, motor-neuron-specific deletion of Rac1 produced a distinctive stalling of axons within the dorsal nerve of the hindlimb but a much milder loss of axons in the ventral hindlimb and forelimb nerves, a pattern that is virtually identical to the one previously observed in Frizzled3 (-/-) limbs. CONCLUSIONS The similarities in axon growth and guidance phenotypes caused by Rac1, Frizzled3, and Celsr3 loss-of-function mutations suggest a mechanistic connection between tissue polarity/planar cell polarity signaling and Rac1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong L Hua
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Present address: Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Francesco E Emiliani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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