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Satolli S, Rossi S, Vegezzi E, Pellerin D, Manca ML, Barghigiani M, Battisti C, Bilancieri G, Bruno G, Capacci E, Casali C, Ceravolo R, Cocozza S, Cotti Piccinelli S, Criscuolo C, Danzi MC, De Micco R, De Michele G, Dicaire MJ, Falcone GMI, Fancellu R, Ferchichi Y, Ferrari C, Filla A, Fini N, Govoni A, Lo Vecchio F, Malandrini A, Mignarri A, Musumeci O, Nesti C, Pappatà S, Pellecchia MT, Perna A, Petrucci A, Pomponi MG, Ravenni R, Ricca I, Rufa A, Tabolacci E, Tessa A, Tessitore A, Zuchner S, Silvestri G, Cortese A, Brais B, Santorelli FM. Spinocerebellar ataxia 27B: a frequent and slowly progressive autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia-experience from an Italian cohort. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12506-x. [PMID: 38886208 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (ADCA) due to intronic GAA repeat expansion in FGF14 (SCA27B) is a recent, relatively common form of late-onset ataxia. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to: (1) investigate the relative frequency of SCA27B in different clinically defined disease subgroups with late-onset ataxia collected among 16 tertiary Italian centers; (2) characterize phenotype and diagnostic findings of patients with SCA27B; (3) compare the Italian cohort with other cohorts reported in recent studies. METHODS We screened 396 clinically diagnosed late-onset cerebellar ataxias of unknown cause, subdivided in sporadic cerebellar ataxia, ADCA, and multisystem atrophy cerebellar type. We identified 72 new genetically defined subjects with SCA27B. Then, we analyzed the clinical, neurophysiological, and imaging features of 64 symptomatic cases. RESULTS In our cohort, the prevalence of SCA27B was 13.4% (53/396) with as high as 38.5% (22/57) in ADCA. The median age of onset of SCA27B patients was 62 years. All symptomatic individuals showed evidence of impaired balance and gait; cerebellar ocular motor signs were also frequent. Episodic manifestations at onset occurred in 31% of patients. Extrapyramidal features (17%) and cognitive impairment (25%) were also reported. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy in most cases (78%). Pseudo-longitudinal assessments indicated slow progression of ataxia and minimal functional impairment. CONCLUSION Patients with SCA27B in Italy present as an adult-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with predominant axial involvement and frequent cerebellar ocular motor signs. The high consistency of clinical features in SCA27B cohorts in multiple populations paves the way toward large-scale, multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Satolli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Vegezzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - David Pellerin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria Laura Manca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Melissa Barghigiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Battisti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Università Di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giusi Bilancieri
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bruno
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Capacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases-Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sirio Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Cotti Piccinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, NeMO-Brescia Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Neurosciences Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, CDCD Neurology, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
- CDCD Neurology, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Matt C Danzi
- Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rosa De Micco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, CDCD Neurology, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Marie-Josée Dicaire
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Grazia Maria Igea Falcone
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Fancellu
- UO Neurologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Yasmine Ferchichi
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, CDCD Neurology, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Fini
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Govoni
- Neuromuscular-Skeletal and Sensory Organs Department, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Filomena Lo Vecchio
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malandrini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Università Di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Mignarri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Università Di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabina Pappatà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via T. De Amicis 95, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessia Perna
- Center for Neuromuscular and Neurological Rare Diseases, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Petrucci
- Center for Neuromuscular and Neurological Rare Diseases, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Pomponi
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ravenni
- Unità Operativa Complessa Di Neurologia E Neuroriabilitazione, Presidio Ospedaliero Di Abano Terme - Azienda ULSS, 6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | - Ivana Ricca
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rufa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Università Di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tabolacci
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze Della Vita E Sanità Pubblica, Sezione Di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tessitore
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Neurologia Dipartimento Neuroscienze, Organi Di Senso E Torace, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- CDCD Neurology, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
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Ransdell JL, Carrasquillo Y, Bosch MK, Mellor RL, Ornitz DM, Nerbonne JM. Loss of Intracellular Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (iFGF14) Increases the Excitability of Mature Hippocampal and Cortical Pyramidal Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.04.592532. [PMID: 38746081 PMCID: PMC11092765 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.04.592532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in FGF14 , which encodes intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (iFGF14), have been linked to spinocerebellar ataxia type 27 (SCA27), a multisystem disorder associated with progressive deficits in motor coordination and cognitive function. Mice ( Fgf14 -/- ) lacking iFGF14 display similar phenotypes, and we have previously shown that the deficits in motor coordination reflect reduced excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, owing to the loss of iFGF14-mediated regulation of the voltage-dependence of inactivation of the fast transient component of the voltage-gated Na + (Nav) current, I NaT . Here, we present the results of experiments designed to test the hypothesis that loss of iFGF14 also attenuates the intrinsic excitability of mature hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons. Current-clamp recordings from adult mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute in vitro slices, however, revealed that repetitive firing rates were higher in Fgf14 -/- , than in wild type (WT), cells. In addition, the waveforms of individual action potentials were altered in Fgf14 -/- hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and the loss of iFGF14 reduced the time delay between the initiation of axonal and somal action potentials. Voltage-clamp recordings revealed that the loss of iFGF14 altered the voltage-dependence of activation, but not inactivation, of I NaT in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Similar effects of the loss of iFGF14 on firing properties were evident in current-clamp recordings from layer 5 visual cortical pyramidal neurons. Additional experiments demonstrated that the loss of iFGF14 does not alter the distribution of anti-Nav1.6 or anti-ankyrin G immunofluorescence labeling intensity along the axon initial segments (AIS) of mature hippocampal CA1 or layer 5 visual cortical pyramidal neurons in situ . Taken together, the results demonstrate that, in contrast with results reported for neonatal (rat) hippocampal pyramidal neurons in dissociated cell culture, the loss of iFGF14 does not disrupt AIS architecture or Nav1.6 localization/distribution along the AIS of mature hippocampal (or cortical) pyramidal neurons in situ .
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Dvorak NM, Domingo ND, Tapia CM, Wadsworth PA, Marosi M, Avchalumov Y, Fongsaran C, Koff L, Di Re J, Sampson CM, Baumgartner TJ, Wang P, Villarreal PP, Solomon OD, Stutz SJ, Aditi, Porter J, Gbedande K, Prideaux B, Green TA, Seeley EH, Samir P, Dineley KT, Vargas G, Zhou J, Cisneros I, Stephens R, Laezza F. TNFR1 signaling converging on FGF14 controls neuronal hyperactivity and sickness behavior in experimental cerebral malaria. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:306. [PMID: 38115011 PMCID: PMC10729485 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperinflammatory experimental cerebral malaria (eCM), including gliosis, increased levels of fibrin(ogen) in the brain, behavioral changes, and mortality. However, the role of TNF in eCM within the brain parenchyma, particularly directly on neurons, remains underdefined. Here, we investigate electrophysiological consequences of eCM on neuronal excitability and cell signaling mechanisms that contribute to observed phenotypes. METHODS The split-luciferase complementation assay (LCA) was used to investigate cell signaling mechanisms downstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) that could contribute to changes in neuronal excitability in eCM. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was performed in brain slices from eCM mice to elucidate consequences of infection on CA1 pyramidal neuron excitability and cell signaling mechanisms that contribute to observed phenotypes. Involvement of identified signaling molecules in mediating behavioral changes and sickness behavior observed in eCM were investigated in vivo using genetic silencing. RESULTS Exploring signaling mechanisms that underlie TNF-induced effects on neuronal excitability, we found that the complex assembly of fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) and the voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channel 1.6 (Nav1.6) is increased upon tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) stimulation via Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2). On account of the dependency of hyperinflammatory experimental cerebral malaria (eCM) on TNF, we performed patch-clamp studies in slices from eCM mice and showed that Plasmodium chabaudi infection augments Nav1.6 channel conductance of CA1 pyramidal neurons through the TNFR1-JAK2-FGF14-Nav1.6 signaling network, which leads to hyperexcitability. Hyperexcitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons caused by infection was mitigated via an anti-TNF antibody and genetic silencing of FGF14 in CA1. Furthermore, knockdown of FGF14 in CA1 reduced sickness behavior caused by infection. CONCLUSIONS FGF14 may represent a therapeutic target for mitigating consequences of TNF-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M Dvorak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Nadia D Domingo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paul A Wadsworth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mate Marosi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Yosef Avchalumov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Chanida Fongsaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Leandra Koff
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jessica Di Re
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Catherine M Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Timothy J Baumgartner
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paula P Villarreal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Clinical Sciences Program, The Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Olivia D Solomon
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Sonja J Stutz
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Aditi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jacob Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Komi Gbedande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07301, USA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Thomas A Green
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Erin H Seeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kelley T Dineley
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Irma Cisneros
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Robin Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07301, USA.
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Tomé D, Dias MS, Correia J, Almeida RD. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in axons: from development to disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:290. [PMID: 37845690 PMCID: PMC10577959 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family regulates various and important aspects of nervous system development, ranging from the well-established roles in neuronal patterning to more recent and exciting functions in axonal growth and synaptogenesis. In addition, FGFs play a critical role in axonal regeneration, particularly after spinal cord injury, confirming their versatile nature in the nervous system. Due to their widespread involvement in neural development, the FGF system also underlies several human neurological disorders. While particular attention has been given to FGFs in a whole-cell context, their effects at the axonal level are in most cases undervalued. Here we discuss the endeavor of the FGF system in axons, we delve into this neuronal subcompartment to provide an original view of this multipurpose family of growth factors in nervous system (dys)function. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tomé
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta S Dias
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Correia
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D Almeida
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Huang H, Shakkottai VG. Targeting Ion Channels and Purkinje Neuron Intrinsic Membrane Excitability as a Therapeutic Strategy for Cerebellar Ataxia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37374132 DOI: 10.3390/life13061350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, a convergence of widely varying insults results in a loss of dopaminergic neurons and, thus, the motor symptoms of the disease. Dopamine replacement therapy with agents such as levodopa is a mainstay of therapy. Cerebellar ataxias, a heterogeneous group of currently untreatable conditions, have not been identified to have a shared physiology that is a target of therapy. In this review, we propose that perturbations in cerebellar Purkinje neuron intrinsic membrane excitability, a result of ion channel dysregulation, is a common pathophysiologic mechanism that drives motor impairment and vulnerability to degeneration in cerebellar ataxias of widely differing genetic etiologies. We further propose that treatments aimed at restoring Purkinje neuron intrinsic membrane excitability have the potential to be a shared therapy in cerebellar ataxia akin to levodopa for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Huang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Sochacka M, Karelus R, Opalinski L, Krowarsch D, Biadun M, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. FGF12 is a novel component of the nucleolar NOLC1/TCOF1 ribosome biogenesis complex. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:182. [PMID: 36411431 PMCID: PMC9677703 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the FGF proteins, the least characterized superfamily is the group of fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). To date, the main role of FHFs has been primarily seen in the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels, but a full picture of the function of FHFs inside the cell is far from complete. In the present study, we focused on identifying novel FGF12 binding partners to indicate its intracellular functions. Among the identified proteins, a significant number were nuclear proteins, especially RNA-binding proteins involved in translational processes, such as ribosomal processing and modification. We have demonstrated that FGF12 is localized to the nucleolus, where it interacts with NOLC1 and TCOF1, proteins involved in the assembly of functional ribosomes. Interactions with both NOLC1 and TCOF1 are unique to FGF12, as other FHF proteins only bind to TCOF1. The formation of nucleolar FGF12 complexes with NOLC1 and TCOF1 is phosphorylation-dependent and requires the C-terminal region of FGF12. Surprisingly, NOLC1 and TCOF1 are unable to interact with each other in the absence of FGF12. Taken together, our data link FHF proteins to nucleoli for the first time and suggest a novel and unexpected role for FGF12 in ribosome biogenesis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Sochacka
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Karelus
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniel Krowarsch
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Biadun
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Chakouri N, Rivas S, Roybal D, Yang L, Diaz J, Hsu A, Mahling R, Chen BX, Owoyemi JO, DiSilvestre D, Sirabella D, Corneo B, Tomaselli GF, Dick IE, Marx SO, Ben-Johny M. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors serve as a molecular rheostat in tuning arrhythmogenic cardiac late sodium current. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:1-13. [PMID: 35662881 PMCID: PMC9161660 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav1.5) channels support the genesis and brisk spatial propagation of action potentials in the heart. Disruption of NaV1.5 inactivation results in a small persistent Na influx known as late Na current (I Na,L), which has emerged as a common pathogenic mechanism in both congenital and acquired cardiac arrhythmogenic syndromes. Here, using low-noise multi-channel recordings in heterologous systems, LQTS3 patient-derived iPSCs cardiomyocytes, and mouse ventricular myocytes, we demonstrate that the intracellular fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHF1-4) tune pathogenic I Na,L in an isoform-specific manner. This scheme suggests a complex orchestration of I Na,L in cardiomyocytes that may contribute to variable disease expressivity of NaV1.5 channelopathies. We further leverage these observations to engineer a peptide-inhibitor of I Na,L with a higher efficacy as compared to a well-established small-molecule inhibitor. Overall, these findings lend insights into molecular mechanisms underlying FHF regulation of I Na,L in pathophysiology and outline potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourdine Chakouri
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharen Rivas
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Roybal
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johanna Diaz
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen Hsu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Mahling
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bi-Xing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Deborah DiSilvestre
- Department Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dario Sirabella
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Corneo
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Gordon F. Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivy E. Dick
- Department Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven O. Marx
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: Ion Channels, Plasticity, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084413. [PMID: 35457230 PMCID: PMC9028019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3) is a multifaceted serine/threonine (S/T) kinase expressed in all eukaryotic cells. GSK3β is highly enriched in neurons in the central nervous system where it acts as a central hub for intracellular signaling downstream of receptors critical for neuronal function. Unlike other kinases, GSK3β is constitutively active, and its modulation mainly involves inhibition via upstream regulatory pathways rather than increased activation. Through an intricate converging signaling system, a fine-tuned balance of active and inactive GSK3β acts as a central point for the phosphorylation of numerous primed and unprimed substrates. Although the full range of molecular targets is still unknown, recent results show that voltage-gated ion channels are among the downstream targets of GSK3β. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms by which GSK3β phosphorylates voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav1.2 and Nav1.6) and voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv4 and Kv7) and their physiological effects on intrinsic excitability, neuronal plasticity, and behavior. We also present evidence for how unbalanced GSK3β activity can lead to maladaptive plasticity that ultimately renders neuronal circuitry more vulnerable, increasing the risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, GSK3β-dependent modulation of voltage-gated ion channels may serve as an important pharmacological target for neurotherapeutic development.
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10
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Martinez-Rojas VA, Juarez-Hernandez LJ, Musio C. Ion channels and neuronal excitability in polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:183-199. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a family composed of nine neurodegenerative inherited disorders (NDDs) caused by pathological expansions of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats which encode a polyQ tract in the corresponding proteins. CAG polyQ repeat expansions produce neurodegeneration via multiple downstream mechanisms; among those the neuronal activity underlying the ion channels is affected directly by specific channelopathies or indirectly by secondary dysregulation. In both cases, the altered excitability underlies to gain- or loss-of-function pathological effects. Here we summarize the repertoire of ion channels in polyQ NDDs emphasizing the biophysical features of neuronal excitability and their pathogenic role. The aim of this review is to point out the value of a deeper understanding of those functional mechanisms and processes as crucial elements for the designing and targeting of novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Martinez-Rojas
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) , Via Sommarive 18 , 38123 Trento , Italy
| | - Leon J. Juarez-Hernandez
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) , Via Sommarive 18 , 38123 Trento , Italy
| | - Carlo Musio
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) , Via Sommarive 18 , 38123 Trento , Italy
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11
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Dvorak NM, Tapia CM, Singh AK, Baumgartner TJ, Wang P, Chen H, Wadsworth PA, Zhou J, Laezza F. Pharmacologically Targeting the Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 Interaction Site on the Voltage-Gated Na + Channel 1.6 Enables Isoform-Selective Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413541. [PMID: 34948337 PMCID: PMC8708424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels are the primary molecular determinant of the action potential. Among the nine isoforms of the Nav channel α subunit that have been described (Nav1.1-Nav1.9), Nav1.1, Nav1.2, and Nav1.6 are the primary isoforms expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Crucially, these three CNS Nav channel isoforms display differential expression across neuronal cell types and diverge with respect to their subcellular distributions. Considering these differences in terms of their localization, the CNS Nav channel isoforms could represent promising targets for the development of targeted neuromodulators. However, current therapeutics that target Nav channels lack selectivity, which results in deleterious side effects due to modulation of off-target Nav channel isoforms. Among the structural components of the Nav channel α subunit that could be pharmacologically targeted to achieve isoform selectivity, the C-terminal domains (CTD) of Nav channels represent promising candidates on account of displaying appreciable amino acid sequence divergence that enables functionally unique protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with Nav channel auxiliary proteins. In medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical brain region of the mesocorticolimbic circuit, the PPI between the CTD of the Nav1.6 channel and its auxiliary protein fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is central to the generation of electrical outputs, underscoring its potential value as a site for targeted neuromodulation. Focusing on this PPI, we previously developed a peptidomimetic derived from residues of FGF14 that have an interaction site on the CTD of the Nav1.6 channel. In this work, we show that whereas the compound displays dose-dependent effects on the activity of Nav1.6 channels in heterologous cells, the compound does not affect Nav1.1 or Nav1.2 channels at comparable concentrations. In addition, we show that the compound correspondingly modulates the action potential discharge and the transient Na+ of MSNs of the NAc. Overall, these results demonstrate that pharmacologically targeting the FGF14 interaction site on the CTD of the Nav1.6 channel is a strategy to achieve isoform-selective modulation, and, more broadly, that sites on the CTDs of Nav channels interacted with by auxiliary proteins could represent candidates for the development of targeted therapeutics.
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12
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Dvorak NM, Tapia CM, Baumgartner TJ, Singh J, Laezza F, Singh AK. Pharmacological Inhibition of Wee1 Kinase Selectively Modulates the Voltage-Gated Na + Channel 1.2 Macromolecular Complex. Cells 2021; 10:3103. [PMID: 34831326 PMCID: PMC8619224 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels are a primary molecular determinant of the action potential (AP). Despite the canonical role of the pore-forming α subunit in conferring this function, protein-protein interactions (PPI) between the Nav channel α subunit and its auxiliary proteins are necessary to reconstitute the full physiological activity of the channel and to fine-tune neuronal excitability. In the brain, the Nav channel isoforms 1.2 (Nav1.2) and 1.6 (Nav1.6) are enriched, and their activities are differentially regulated by the Nav channel auxiliary protein fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Despite the known regulation of neuronal Nav channel activity by FGF14, less is known about cellular signaling molecules that might modulate these regulatory effects of FGF14. To that end, and building upon our previous investigations suggesting that neuronal Nav channel activity is regulated by a kinase network involving GSK3, AKT, and Wee1, we interrogate in our current investigation how pharmacological inhibition of Wee1 kinase, a serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase that is a crucial component of the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint, affects the Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 channel macromolecular complexes. Our results show that the highly selective inhibitor of Wee1 kinase, called Wee1 inhibitor II, modulates FGF14:Nav1.2 complex assembly, but does not significantly affect FGF14:Nav1.6 complex assembly. These results are functionally recapitulated, as Wee1 inhibitor II entirely alters FGF14-mediated regulation of the Nav1.2 channel, but displays no effects on the Nav1.6 channel. At the molecular level, these effects of Wee1 inhibitor II on FGF14:Nav1.2 complex assembly and FGF14-mediated regulation of Nav1.2-mediated Na+ currents are shown to be dependent upon the presence of Y158 of FGF14, a residue known to be a prominent site for phosphorylation-mediated regulation of the protein. Overall, our data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of Wee1 confers selective modulatory effects on Nav1.2 channel activity, which has important implications for unraveling cellular signaling pathways that fine-tune neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aditya K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 75901, USA; (N.M.D.); (C.M.T.); (T.J.B.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
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13
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Singh AK, Dvorak NM, Tapia CM, Mosebarger A, Ali SR, Bullock Z, Chen H, Zhou J, Laezza F. Differential Modulation of the Voltage-Gated Na + Channel 1.6 by Peptides Derived From Fibroblast Growth Factor 14. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:742903. [PMID: 34557523 PMCID: PMC8452925 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.742903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channel is a primary molecular determinant of the initiation and propagation of the action potential. Despite the central role of the pore-forming α subunit in conferring this functionality, protein:protein interactions (PPI) between the α subunit and auxiliary proteins are necessary for the full physiological activity of Nav channels. In the central nervous system (CNS), one such PPI occurs between the C-terminal domain of the Nav1.6 channel and fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Given the primacy of this PPI in regulating the excitability of neurons in clinically relevant brain regions, peptides targeting the FGF14:Nav1.6 PPI interface could be of pre-clinical value. In this work, we pharmacologically evaluated peptides derived from FGF14 that correspond to residues that are at FGF14's PPI interface with the CTD of Nav1.6. These peptides, Pro-Leu-Glu-Val (PLEV) and Glu-Tyr-Tyr-Val (EYYV), which correspond to residues of the β12 sheet and β8-β9 loop of FGF14, respectively, were shown to inhibit FGF14:Nav1.6 complex assembly. In functional studies using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, PLEV and EYYV were shown to confer differential modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents through mechanisms dependent upon the presence of FGF14. Crucially, these FGF14-dependent effects of PLEV and EYYV on Nav1.6-mediated currents were further shown to be dependent on the N-terminal domain of FGF14. Overall, these data suggest that the PLEV and EYYV peptides represent scaffolds to interrogate the Nav1.6 channel macromolecular complex in an effort to develop targeted pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nolan M Dvorak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, Galveston, TX, United States.,Presidential Scholarship Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States.,Presidential Scholarship Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Angela Mosebarger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, Galveston, TX, United States.,Presidential Scholarship Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Syed R Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zaniqua Bullock
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, United States
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14
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Liu Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. FGF, Mechanism of Action, Role in Parkinson's Disease, and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675725. [PMID: 34234672 PMCID: PMC8255968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with severe disability and adverse effects on life quality. In PD, motor dysfunction can occur, such as quiescence, muscle stiffness, and postural instability. PD is also associated with autonomic nervous dysfunction, sleep disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and other non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compact (SNPC), Lewy body, and neuroinflammation are the main pathological features of PD. The death or dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra leads to dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia and motor dysfunction. The formation of the Lewy body is associated with the misfolding of α-synuclein, which becomes insoluble and abnormally aggregated. Astrocytes and microglia mainly cause neuroinflammation, and the activation of a variety of pro-inflammatory transcription factors and regulatory proteins leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. At present, PD is mainly treated with drugs that increase dopamine concentration or directly stimulate dopamine receptors. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a family of cellular signaling proteins strongly associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. FGF and its receptor (FGFR) play an essential role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system as well as in neuroinflammation and have been shown to improve the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons. This paper summarized the mechanism of FGF and its receptors in the pathological process of PD and related signaling pathways, involving the development and protection of dopaminergic neurons in SNPC, α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. It provides a reference for developing drugs to slow down or prevent the potential of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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15
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Dvorak NM, Wadsworth PA, Wang P, Zhou J, Laezza F. Development of Allosteric Modulators of Voltage-Gated Na + Channels: A Novel Approach for an Old Target. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:841-848. [PMID: 34036922 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210525105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Given their primacy in governing the action potential (AP) of excitable cells, voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels are important pharmacological targets of therapeutics for a diverse array of clinical indications. Despite historically being a traditional drug target, therapeutics targeting Nav channels lack isoform selectivity, giving rise to off-target side effects. To develop isoform-selective modulators of Nav channels with improved target-specificity, the identification and pharmacological targeting of allosteric sites that display structural divergence among Nav channel isoforms represents an attractive approach. Despite the high homology among Nav channel α subunit isoforms (Nav1.1-Nav1.9), there is considerable amino acid sequence divergence among their constituent C-terminal domains (CTD), which enables structurally and functionally specific protein: protein interactions (PPI) with auxiliary proteins. Although pharmacological targeting of such PPI interfaces between the CTDs of Nav channels and auxiliary proteins represents an innovate approach for developing isoform-selective modulators of Nav channels, appreciable modulation of PPIs using small molecules has conventionally been difficult to achieve. After briefly discussing the challenges of modulating PPIs using small molecules, this current frontier review that follows subsequently expounds on approaches for circumventing such difficulties in the context of developing small molecule modulators of PPIs between transmembrane ion channels and their auxiliary proteins. In addition to broadly discussing such approaches, the implementation of such approaches is specifically discussed in the context of developing small molecule modulators between the CTD of Nav channels and auxiliary proteins. Developing allosteric modulators of ion channels by targeting their PPI interfaces with auxiliary proteins represents an innovative and promising strategy in ion channel drug discovery that could expand the "druggable genome" and usher in first-in-class PPI-targeting therapeutics for a multitude of channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M Dvorak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, United States
| | - Paul A Wadsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, United States
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, United States
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16
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Wang L, Jing R, Wang X, Wang B, Guo K, Zhao J, Gao S, Xu N, Xuan X. A method for the expression of fibroblast growth factor 14 and assessment of its neuroprotective effect in an Alzheimer's disease model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:994. [PMID: 34277794 PMCID: PMC8267273 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 14 is a member of the FGF family that is mainly expressed in the central nervous system. FGF14 has a close association with the occurrence of neurodegenerative conditions; however, its significance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, we sought to obtain a large amount of exogenous FGF14 protein and explore its effect in a cellular model of AD. Methods FGF14 protein was expressed in an Escherichia coli system using gene recombination technology. Purified protein was obtained through washing and renaturation of inclusion bodies combined with nickel column affinity chromatography. The AD model was established via Aβ25-35-induced injury in PC12 cells. Changes in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde were detected, and the neuroprotective effect of recombinant human FGF14 (rhFGF14) was evaluated through double-fluorescence staining and flow cytometry apoptosis detection. For further exploration of rhFGF14-mediated regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, western blot was employed. Results We successfully induced large amounts of insoluble rhFGF14. Following solubilization and refolding of the rhFGF14 from inclusion bodies, high purity rhFGF14 was purified by Nickel affinity column chromatography. The results showed that rhFGF14 alleviated Aβ25-3-induced PC12 cell injury by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, thus suppressing the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions FGF14 performed a neuroprotective role in our in vitro AD model via its inhibition of MAPK signaling, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic drug for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Baohui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuan Xuan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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17
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Martinez-Espinosa PL, Yang C, Xia XM, Lingle CJ. Nav1.3 and FGF14 are primary determinants of the TTX-sensitive sodium current in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211839. [PMID: 33651884 PMCID: PMC8020717 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) in rodents express rapidly inactivating, tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium channels. The resulting current has generally been attributed to Nav1.7, although a possible role for Nav1.3 has also been suggested. Nav channels in rat CCs rapidly inactivate via two independent pathways which differ in their time course of recovery. One subpopulation recovers with time constants similar to traditional fast inactivation and the other ∼10-fold slower, but both pathways can act within a single homogenous population of channels. Here, we use Nav1.3 KO mice to probe the properties and molecular components of Nav current in CCs. We find that the absence of Nav1.3 abolishes all Nav current in about half of CCs examined, while a small, fast inactivating Nav current is still observed in the rest. To probe possible molecular components underlying slow recovery from inactivation, we used mice null for fibroblast growth factor homology factor 14 (FGF14). In these cells, the slow component of recovery from fast inactivation is completely absent in most CCs, with no change in the time constant of fast recovery. The use dependence of Nav current reduction during trains of stimuli in WT cells is completely abolished in FGF14 KO mice, directly demonstrating a role for slow recovery from inactivation in determining Nav current availability. Our results indicate that FGF14-mediated inactivation is the major determinant defining use-dependent changes in Nav availability in CCs. These results establish that Nav1.3, like other Nav isoforms, can also partner with FGF subunits, strongly regulating Nav channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengtao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xiao-Ming Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher J Lingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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18
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Martinez-Espinosa PL, Neely A, Ding J, Lingle CJ. Fast inactivation of Nav current in rat adrenal chromaffin cells involves two independent inactivation pathways. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211834. [PMID: 33647101 PMCID: PMC7927663 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) current in adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) is rapidly inactivating and tetrodotoxin (TTX)–sensitive. The fractional availability of CC Nav current has been implicated in regulation of action potential (AP) frequency and the occurrence of slow-wave burst firing. Here, through recordings of Nav current in rat CCs, primarily in adrenal medullary slices, we describe unique inactivation properties of CC Nav inactivation that help define AP firing rates in CCs. The key feature of CC Nav current is that recovery from inactivation, even following brief (5 ms) inactivation steps, exhibits two exponential components of similar amplitude. Various paired pulse protocols show that entry into the fast and slower recovery processes result from largely independent competing inactivation pathways, each of which occurs with similar onset times at depolarizing potentials. Over voltages from −120 to −80 mV, faster recovery varies from ∼3 to 30 ms, while slower recovery varies from ∼50 to 400 ms. With strong depolarization (above −10 mV), the relative entry into slow or fast recovery pathways is similar and independent of voltage. Trains of short depolarizations favor recovery from fast recovery pathways and result in cumulative increases in the slow recovery fraction. Dual-pathway fast inactivation, by promoting use-dependent accumulation in slow recovery pathways, dynamically regulates Nav availability. Consistent with this finding, repetitive AP clamp waveforms at 1–10 Hz frequencies reduce Nav availability 80–90%, depending on holding potential. These results indicate that there are two distinct pathways of fast inactivation, one leading to conventional fast recovery and the other to slower recovery, which together are well-suited to mediate use-dependent changes in Nav availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Neely
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jiuping Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher J Lingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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19
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Properties of Calmodulin Binding to Na V1.2 IQ Motif and Its Autism-Associated Mutation R1902C. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:523-534. [PMID: 33394222 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are fundamental to the initiation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) binds to VGSC type II (NaV1.2) isoleucine and glutamine (IQ) motif. An autism-associated mutation in NaV1.2 IQ motif, Arg1902Cys (R1902C), has been reported to affect the combination between CaM and the IQ motif compared to that of the wild type IQ motif. However, the detailed properties for the Ca2+-regulated binding of CaM to NaV1.2 IQ (1901Lys-1927Lys, IQwt) and mutant IQ motif (IQR1902C) remains unclear. Here, the binding ability of CaM and CaM's constituent proteins including N- and C lobe to the IQ motif of NaV1.2 and its mutant was investigated by protein pull-down experiments. We discovered that the combination between CaM and the IQ motif was U-shaped with the highest at [Ca2+] ≈ free and the lowest at 100 nM [Ca2+]. In the IQR1902C mutant, Ca2+-dependence of CaM binding was nearly lost. Consequently, the binding of CaM to IQR1902C at 100 and 500 nM [Ca2+] was increased compared to that of IQwt. Both N- and C lobe of CaM could bind with NaV1.2 IQ motif and IQR1902C mutant, with the major effect of C lobe. Furthermore, CaMKII had no impact on the binding between CaM and NaV1.2 IQ motif. This research offers novel insight to the regulation of NaV1.2 IQwt and IQR1902C motif, an autism-associated mutation, by CaM.
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FGF13 Is Required for Histamine-Induced Itch Sensation by Interaction with Na V1.7. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9589-9601. [PMID: 33172979 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0599-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch can be induced by activation of small-diameter DRG neurons, which express abundant intracellular fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13). Although FGF13 is revealed to be essential for heat nociception, its role in mediating itch remains to be investigated. Here, we reported that loss of FGF13 in mouse DRG neurons impaired the histamine-induced scratching behavior. Calcium imaging showed that the percentage of histamine-responsive DRG neurons was largely decreased in FGF13-deficient mice; and consistently, electrophysiological recording exhibited that histamine failed to evoke action potential firing in most DRG neurons from these mice. Given that the reduced histamine-evoked neuronal response was caused by knockdown of FGF13 but not by FGF13A deficiency, FGF13B was supposed to mediate this process. Furthermore, overexpression of histamine Type 1 receptor H1R, but not H2R, H3R, nor H4R, increased the percentage of histamine-responsive DRG neurons, and the scratching behavior in FGF13-deficient mice was highly reduced by selective activation of H1R, suggesting that H1R is mainly required for FGF13-mediated neuronal response and scratching behavior induced by histamine. However, overexpression of H1R failed to rescue the histamine-evoked neuronal response in FGF13-deficient mice. Histamine enhanced the FGF13 interaction with NaV1.7. Disruption of this interaction by a membrane-permeable competitive peptide, GST-Flag-NaV1.7CT-TAT, reduced the percentage of histamine-responsive DRG neurons, and impaired the histamine-induced scratching, indicating that the FGF13/NaV1.7 interaction is a key molecular determinant in the histamine-induced itch sensation. Therefore, our study reveals a novel role of FGF13 in mediating itch sensation via the interaction of NaV1.7 in the peripheral nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Scratching induced by itch brings serious tissue damage in chronic itchy diseases, and targeting itch-sensing molecules is crucial for its therapeutic intervention. Here, we reveal that FGF13 is required for the neuronal excitation and scratching behavior induced by histamine. We further provide the evidence that the histamine-evoked neuronal response is mainly mediated by histamine Type 1 receptor H1R, and is largely attenuated in FGF13-deficent mice. Importantly, we identify that histamine enhances the FGF13/NaV1.7 interaction, and disruption of this interaction reduces histamine-evoked neuronal excitation and highly impairs histamine-induced scratching behavior. Additionally, we also find that FGF13 is involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced scratching behavior and hapten 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced chronic itch.
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Wadsworth PA, Singh AK, Nguyen N, Dvorak NM, Tapia CM, Russell WK, Stephan C, Laezza F. JAK2 regulates Nav1.6 channel function via FGF14 Y158 phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118786. [PMID: 32599005 PMCID: PMC7984254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein interactions between voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels and accessory proteins play an essential role in neuronal firing and plasticity. However, a surprisingly limited number of kinases have been identified as regulators of these molecular complexes. We hypothesized that numerous as-of-yet unidentified kinases indirectly regulate the Nav channel via modulation of the intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), an accessory protein with numerous unexplored phosphomotifs and required for channel function in neurons. METHODS Here we present results from an in-cell high-throughput screening (HTS) against the FGF14: Nav1.6 complex using >3000 diverse compounds targeting an extensive range of signaling pathways. Regulation by top kinase targets was then explored using in vitro phosphorylation, biophysics, mass-spectrometry and patch-clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS Compounds targeting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) were over-represented among HTS hits. Phosphomotif scans supported by mass spectrometry revealed FGF14Y158, a site previously shown to mediate both FGF14 homodimerization and interactions with Nav1.6, as a JAK2 phosphorylation site. Following inhibition of JAK2, FGF14 homodimerization increased in a manner directly inverse to FGF14:Nav1.6 complex formation, but not in the presence of the FGF14Y158A mutant. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed that through Y158, JAK2 controls FGF14-dependent modulation of Nav1.6 channels. In hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, the JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib reduced firing by a mechanism that is dependent upon expression of FGF14. CONCLUSIONS These studies point toward a novel mechanism by which levels of JAK2 in neurons could directly influence firing and plasticity by controlling the FGF14 dimerization equilibrium, and thereby the availability of monomeric species for interaction with Nav1.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wadsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nolan M Dvorak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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22
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Bidirectional Modulation of the Voltage-Gated Sodium (Nav1.6) Channel by Rationally Designed Peptidomimetics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153365. [PMID: 32722255 PMCID: PMC7435778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of protein:protein interactions (PPIs) that regulate the function of voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels leads to neural circuitry aberrations that have been implicated in numerous channelopathies. One example of this pathophysiology is mediated by dysfunction of the PPI between Nav1.6 and its regulatory protein fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Thus, peptides derived from FGF14 might exert modulatory actions on the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex that are functionally relevant. The tetrapeptide Glu-Tyr-Tyr-Val (EYYV) mimics surface residues of FGF14 at the β8–β9 loop, a structural region previously implicated in its binding to Nav1.6. Here, peptidomimetics derived from EYYV (6) were designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically evaluated to develop probes with improved potency. Addition of hydrophobic protective groups to 6 and truncation to a tripeptide (12) produced a potent inhibitor of FGF14:Nav1.6 complex assembly. Conversely, addition of hydrophobic protective groups to 6 followed by addition of an N-terminal benzoyl substituent (19) produced a potentiator of FGF14:Nav1.6 complex assembly. Subsequent functional evaluation using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology confirmed their inverse activities, with 12 and 19 reducing and increasing Nav1.6-mediated transient current densities, respectively. Overall, we have identified a negative and positive allosteric modulator of Nav1.6, both of which could serve as scaffolds for the development of target-selective neurotherapeutics.
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Robinson KJ, Watchon M, Laird AS. Aberrant Cerebellar Circuitry in the Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:707. [PMID: 32765211 PMCID: PMC7378801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases that share convergent disease features. A common symptom of these diseases is development of ataxia, involving impaired balance and motor coordination, usually stemming from cerebellar dysfunction and neurodegeneration. For most spinocerebellar ataxias, pathology can be attributed to an underlying gene mutation and the impaired function of the encoded protein through loss or gain-of-function effects. Strikingly, despite vast heterogeneity in the structure and function of disease-causing genes across the SCAs and the cellular processes affected, the downstream effects have considerable overlap, including alterations in cerebellar circuitry. Interestingly, aberrant function and degeneration of Purkinje cells, the major output neuronal population present within the cerebellum, precedes abnormalities in other neuronal populations within many SCAs, suggesting that Purkinje cells have increased vulnerability to cellular perturbations. Factors that are known to contribute to perturbed Purkinje cell function in spinocerebellar ataxias include altered gene expression resulting in altered expression or functionality of proteins and channels that modulate membrane potential, downstream impairments in intracellular calcium homeostasis and changes in glutamatergic input received from synapsing climbing or parallel fibers. This review will explore this enhanced vulnerability and the aberrant cerebellar circuitry linked with it in many forms of SCA. It is critical to understand why Purkinje cells are vulnerable to such insults and what overlapping pathogenic mechanisms are occurring across multiple SCAs, despite different underlying genetic mutations. Enhanced understanding of disease mechanisms will facilitate the development of treatments to prevent or slow progression of the underlying neurodegenerative processes, cerebellar atrophy and ataxic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela S. Laird
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Singh AK, Wadsworth PA, Tapia CM, Aceto G, Ali SR, Chen H, D'Ascenzo M, Zhou J, Laezza F. Mapping of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex interface reveals FLPK as a functionally active peptide modulating excitability. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14505. [PMID: 32671946 PMCID: PMC7363588 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel complex is comprised of pore-forming α subunits (Nav1.1-1.9) and accessory regulatory proteins such as the intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). The cytosolic Nav1.6 C-terminal tail binds directly to FGF14 and this interaction modifies Nav1.6-mediated currents with effects on intrinsic excitability in the brain. Previous studies have identified the FGF14V160 residue within the FGF14 core domain as a hotspot for the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex formation. Here, we used three short amino acid peptides around FGF14V160 to probe for the FGF14 interaction with the Nav1.6 C-terminal tail and to evaluate the activity of the peptide on Nav1.6-mediated currents. In silico docking predicts FLPK to bind to FGF14V160 with the expectation of interfering with the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex formation, a phenotype that was confirmed by the split-luciferase assay (LCA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology studies demonstrate that FLPK is able to prevent previously reported FGF14-dependent phenotypes of Nav1.6 currents, but that its activity requires the FGF14 N-terminal tail, a domain that has been shown to contribute to Nav1.6 inactivation independently from the FGF14 core domain. In medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, where both FGF14 and Nav1.6 are abundantly expressed, FLPK significantly increased firing frequency by a mechanism consistent with the ability of the tetrapeptide to interfere with Nav1.6 inactivation and potentiate persistent Na+ currents. Taken together, these results indicate that FLPK might serve as a probe for characterizing molecular determinants of neuronal excitability and a peptide scaffold to develop allosteric modulators of Nav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Paul A. Wadsworth
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- M.D.‐Ph.D. Combined Degree ProgramUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Cynthia M. Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- NIEHS Environmental Toxicology Training ProgramUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Aceto
- Institute of Human PhysiologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. GemelliIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Syed R. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Marcello D'Ascenzo
- Institute of Human PhysiologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. GemelliIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Center for Addiction ResearchUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Center for Addiction ResearchUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
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25
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Paucar M, Lundin J, Alshammari T, Bergendal Å, Lindefeldt M, Alshammari M, Solders G, Di Re J, Savitcheva I, Granberg T, Laezza F, Iwarsson E, Svenningsson P. Broader phenotypic traits and widespread brain hypometabolism in spinocerebellar ataxia 27. J Intern Med 2020; 288:103-115. [PMID: 32112487 PMCID: PMC10123866 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize a Swedish family with members affected by spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27), a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Despite normal structural neuroimaging, psychiatric manifestations and intellectual disability are part of the SCA27 phenotype raising the need for functional neuroimaging. Here, we used clinical assessments, structural and functional neuroimaging to characterize these new SCA27 patients. Since one patient presents with a psychotic disorder, an exploratory study of markers of schizophrenia associated with GABAergic neurotransmission was performed in fgf14-/- mice, a preclinical model that replicates motor and learning deficits of SCA27. METHODS A comprehensive characterization that included clinical assessments, cognitive tests, structural neuroimaging studies, brain metabolism with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET ([18F] FDG PET) and genetic analyses was performed. Brains of fgf14-/- mice were studied with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Nine patients had ataxia, and all affected patients harboured an interstitial deletion of chromosome 13q33.1 encompassing the entire FGF14 and integrin subunit beta like 1 (ITGBL1) genes. New features for SCA27 were identified: congenital onset, psychosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and widespread hypometabolism that affected the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in all patients. Hypometabolism in the PFC was far more pronounced in a SCA27 patient with psychosis. Reduced expression of VGAT was found in the mPFC of fgf14-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This is the second largest SCA27 family identified to date. We provide new clinical and preclinical evidence for a significant psychiatric component in SCA27, strengthening the hypothesis of FGF14 as an important modulator of psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paucar
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lundin
- Department of, Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Å Bergendal
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lindefeldt
- Department of, Pediatric Neurology, Astrid Lindgren's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Solders
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Di Re
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - I Savitcheva
- Departments of, Department of, Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Granberg
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - E Iwarsson
- Department of, Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Svenningsson
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Jaworski T. Control of neuronal excitability by GSK-3beta: Epilepsy and beyond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118745. [PMID: 32450268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) is an enzyme with a variety of cellular functions in addition to the regulation of glycogen metabolism. In the central nervous system, different intracellular signaling pathways converge on GSK-3β through a cascade of phosphorylation events that ultimately control a broad range of neuronal functions in the development and adulthood. In mice, genetically removing or increasing GSK-3β cause distinct functional and structural neuronal phenotypes and consequently affect cognition. Precise control of GSK-3β activity is important for such processes as neuronal migration, development of neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and gene expression. Altered GSK-3β activity contributes to aberrant plasticity within neuronal circuits leading to neurological, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutically targeting GSK-3β can restore the aberrant plasticity of neuronal networks at least in animal models of these diseases. Although the complete repertoire of GSK-3β neuronal substrates has not been defined, emerging evidence shows that different ion channels and their accessory proteins controlling excitability, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic transmission are regulated by GSK-3β, thereby supporting mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in cognition. Dysregulation of ion channel function by defective GSK-3β activity sustains abnormal excitability in the development of epilepsy and other GSK-3β-linked human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jaworski
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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27
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Manduca JD, Thériault RK, Perreault ML. Glycogen synthase kinase-3: The missing link to aberrant circuit function in disorders of cognitive dysfunction? Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104819. [PMID: 32305493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated GSK-3 activity has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction associated with various disorders including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Further, aberrant neural oscillatory activity in, and between, cortical regions and the hippocampus is consistently present within these same cognitive disorders. In this review, we will put forth the idea that increased GSK-3 activity serves as a pathological convergence point across cognitive disorders, inducing similar consequent impacts on downstream signaling mechanisms implicated in the maintenance of processes critical to brain systems communication and normal cognitive functioning. In this regard we suggest that increased activation of GSK-3 and neuronal oscillatory dysfunction are early pathological changes that may be functionally linked. Mechanistic commonalities between these disorders of cognitive dysfunction will be discussed and potential downstream targets of GSK-3 that may contribute to neuronal oscillatory dysfunction identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Manduca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada.
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28
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Li Q, Zhai Z, Li J. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are potential ion channel modifiers associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172920. [PMID: 31935396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stable electrical activity in cardiac myocytes is the basis of maintaining normal myocardial systolic and diastolic function. Cardiac ionic currents and their associated regulatory proteins are crucial to myocyte excitability and heart function. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are intracellular noncanonical fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that are incapable of activating FGF receptors. The main functions of FHFs are to regulate ion channels and influence excitability, which are processes involved in sustaining normal cardiac function. In addition to their regulatory effect on ion channels, FHFs can be regulators of cardiac hypertrophic signaling and alter signaling pathways, including the protein kinase, NF<kappa>B, and p53 pathways, which are related to the pathological processes of heart diseases. This review emphasizes FHF-mediated regulation of cardiac excitability and the association of FHFs with cardiac arrhythmias and explores the idea that abnormal FHFs may be an unrecognized cause of cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Changes in the Fluorescence Tracking of NaV1.6 Protein Expression in a BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J Autistic Mouse Model. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:4893103. [PMID: 31933626 PMCID: PMC6942885 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4893103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential initiation in neurons, is a critical determinant of neuronal excitability. Growing evidence indicates that appropriate recruitment of the AIS macrocomplex is essential for synchronized firing. However, disruption of the AIS structure is linked to the etiology of multiple disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by deficits in social communication, stereotyped behaviors, and very limited interests. To date, a complete understanding of the molecular components that underlie the AIS in ASD has remained elusive. In this research, we examined the AIS structure in a BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J mouse model (BTBR), a valid model that exhibits behavioral, electrical, and molecular features of autism, and compared this to the C57BL/6J wild-type control mouse. Using Western blot studies and high-resolution confocal microscopy in the prefrontal frontal cortex (PFC), our data indicate disrupted expression of different isoforms of the voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) at the AIS, whereas other components of AIS such as ankyrin-G and fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) and contactin-associated protein 1 (Caspr) in BTBR were comparable to those in wild-type control mice. A Western blot assay showed that BTBR mice exhibited a marked increase in different sodium channel isoforms in the PFC compared to wild-type mice. Our results provide potential evidence for previously undescribed mechanisms that may play a role in the pathogenesis of autistic-like phenotypes in BTBR mice.
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30
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. Motor Performances of Spontaneous and Genetically Modified Mutants with Cerebellar Atrophy. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:615-634. [PMID: 30820866 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chance discovery of spontaneous mutants with atrophy of the cerebellar cortex has unearthed genes involved in optimizing motor coordination. Rotorod, stationary beam, and suspended wire tests are useful in delineating behavioral phenotypes of spontaneous mutants with cerebellar atrophy such as Grid2Lc, Grid2ho, Rorasg, Agtpbp1pcd, Relnrl, and Dab1scm. Likewise, transgenic or null mutants serving as experimental models of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are phenotyped with the same tests. Among experimental models of autosomal dominant SCA, rotorod deficits were reported in SCA1 to 3, SCA5 to 8, SCA14, SCA17, and SCA27 and stationary beam deficits in SCA1 to 3, SCA5, SCA6, SCA13, SCA17, and SCA27. Beam tests are sensitive to experimental therapies of various kinds including molecules affecting glutamate signaling, mesenchymal stem cells, anti-oligomer antibodies, lentiviral vectors carrying genes, interfering RNAs, or neurotrophic factors, and interbreeding with other mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- Department of Psychology, University of Rouen, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, and Pathogens EA7300, and CHRU of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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31
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Schesny M, Joncourt F, Tarnutzer AA. Acetazolamide-Responsive Episodic Ataxia Linked to Novel Splice Site Variant in FGF14 Gene. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:649-653. [PMID: 30607796 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the case of a patient with episodic dizziness and gait imbalance for 7 years and a negative family history. On clinical examination, interictally, the patient presented with gaze-evoked nystagmus and rebound nystagmus and slight dysarthria. MRI of the brain was normal and peripheral-vestibular function was bilaterally intact. Based on genetic testing (episodic ataxia panel), a heterozygote splice site variant in intron 1 of the FGF14 gene was identified. This report adds important new evidence to previous observations that pathogenic variants in the FGF14 gene may result in variable phenotypes, either in progressive spinocerebellar ataxia (type 27) or in episodic ataxia as in our case. Our patient responded well to acetazolamide (reduction in the frequency of attacks by about two thirds), supporting the hypothesis of a sodium channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schesny
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstr. 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Joncourt
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Tarnutzer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstr. 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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32
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Wadsworth PA, Folorunso O, Nguyen N, Singh AK, D'Amico D, Powell RT, Brunell D, Allen J, Stephan C, Laezza F. High-throughput screening against protein:protein interaction interfaces reveals anti-cancer therapeutics as potent modulators of the voltage-gated Na + channel complex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16890. [PMID: 31729429 PMCID: PMC6858373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channelopathies can be ascribed to subtle changes in the Nav macromolecular complex. Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a functionally relevant component of the Nav1.6 channel complex, a causative link to spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27) and an emerging risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders. Yet, how this protein:channel complex is regulated in the cell is still poorly understood. To search for key cellular pathways upstream of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex, we have developed, miniaturized and optimized an in-cell assay in 384-well plates by stably reconstituting the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex using the split-luciferase complementation assay. We then conducted a high-throughput screening (HTS) of 267 FDA-approved compounds targeting known mediators of cellular signaling. Of the 65 hits initially detected, 24 were excluded based on counter-screening and cellular toxicity. Based on target analysis, potency and dose-response relationships, 5 compounds were subsequently repurchased for validation and confirmed as hits. Among those, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lestaurtinib was highest ranked, exhibiting submicromolar inhibition of FGF14:Nav1.6 assembly. While providing evidence for a robust in-cell HTS platform that can be adapted to search for any channelopathy-associated regulatory proteins, these results lay the potential groundwork for repurposing cancer drugs for neuropsychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wadsworth
- MD/PhD Combined Degree Program and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Daniela D'Amico
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Brunell
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Allen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.
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33
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White HV, Brown ST, Bozza TC, Raman IM. Effects of FGF14 and Na Vβ4 deletion on transient and resurgent Na current in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:1300-1318. [PMID: 31558566 PMCID: PMC6829560 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Na channels of Purkinje cells are specialized to maintain high availability during high-frequency repetitive firing. They enter fast-inactivated states relatively slowly and undergo a voltage-dependent open-channel block by an intracellular protein (or proteins) that prevents stable fast inactivation and generates resurgent Na current. These properties depend on the pore-forming α subunits, as well as modulatory subunits within the Na channel complex. The identity of the factors responsible for open-channel block remains a question. Here we investigate the effects of genetic mutation of two Na channel auxiliary subunits highly expressed in Purkinje cells, NaVβ4 and FGF14, on modulating Na channel blocked as well as inactivated states. We find that although both NaVβ4 and the FGF14 splice variant FGF14-1a contain sequences that can generate resurgent-like currents when applied to Na channels in peptide form, deletion of either protein, or both proteins simultaneously, does not eliminate resurgent current in acutely dissociated Purkinje cell bodies. Loss of FGF14 expression does, however, reduce resurgent current amplitude and leads to an acceleration and stabilization of inactivation that is not reversed by application of the site-3 toxin, anemone toxin II (ATX). Tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitivity is higher for resurgent than transient components of Na current, and loss of FGF14 preferentially affects a highly TTX-sensitive subset of Purkinje α subunits. The data suggest that NaV1.6 channels, which are known to generate the majority of Purkinje cell resurgent current, bind TTX with high affinity and are modulated by FGF14 to facilitate open-channel block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley V White
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Spencer T Brown
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Thomas C Bozza
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Indira M Raman
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL .,Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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34
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Miura S, Kosaka K, Fujioka R, Uchiyama Y, Shimojo T, Morikawa T, Irie A, Taniwaki T, Shibata H. Spinocerebellar ataxia 27 with a novel nonsense variant (Lys177X) in FGF14. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:172-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Sex-Specific Proteomic Changes Induced by Genetic Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14), a Regulator of Neuronal Ion Channels. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7010005. [PMID: 30678040 PMCID: PMC6473632 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a member of the intracellular FGFs, which is a group of proteins involved in neuronal ion channel regulation and synaptic transmission. We previously demonstrated that male Fgf14−/− mice recapitulate the salient endophenotypes of synaptic dysfunction and behaviors that are associated with schizophrenia (SZ). As the underlying etiology of SZ and its sex-specific onset remain elusive, the Fgf14−/− model may provide a valuable tool to interrogate pathways related to disease mechanisms. Here, we performed label-free quantitative proteomics to identify enriched pathways in both male and female hippocampi from Fgf14+/+ and Fgf14−/− mice. We discovered that all of the differentially expressed proteins measured in Fgf14−/− animals, relative to their same-sex wildtype counterparts, are associated with SZ based on genome-wide association data. In addition, measured changes in the proteome were predominantly sex-specific, with the male Fgf14−/− mice distinctly enriched for pathways associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In the male Fgf14−/− mouse, we found molecular characteristics that, in part, may explain a previously described neurotransmission and behavioral phenotype. This includes decreased levels of ALDH1A1 and protein kinase A (PRKAR2B). ALDH1A1 has been shown to mediate an alternative pathway for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, while PRKAR2B is essential for dopamine 2 receptor signaling, which is the basis of current antipsychotics. Collectively, our results provide new insights in the role of FGF14 and support the use of the Fgf14−/− mouse as a useful preclinical model of SZ for generating hypotheses on disease mechanisms, sex-specific manifestation, and therapy.
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36
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Liu Z, Wadsworth P, Singh AK, Chen H, Wang P, Folorunso O, Scaduto P, Ali SR, Laezza F, Zhou J. Identification of peptidomimetics as novel chemical probes modulating fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.6 (Nav1.6) protein-protein interactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:413-419. [PMID: 30587448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel is the molecular determinant of action potential in neurons. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) between the intracellular Nav1.6 C-tail and its regulatory protein fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) provide an ideal and largely untapped opportunity for development of neurochemical probes. Based on a previously identified peptide FLPK, mapped to the FGF14:FGF14 PPI interface, we have designed and synthesized a series of peptidomimetics with the intent of increasing clogP values and improving cell permeability relative to the parental lead peptide. In-cell screening using the split-luciferase complementation (LCA) assay identified ZL0177 (13) as the most potent inhibitor of the FGF14:Nav1.6 channel complex assembly with an apparent IC50 of 11 μM. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that ZL0177 significantly reduced Nav1.6-mediated transient current density and induced a depolarizing shift of the channel voltage-dependence of activation. Docking studies revealed strong interactions between ZL0177 and Nav1.6, mediated by hydrogen bonds, cation-π interactions and hydrophobic contacts. All together these results suggest that ZL0177 retains some key features of FGF14-dependent modulation of Nav1.6 currents. Overall, ZL0177 provides a chemical scaffold for developing Nav channel modulators as pharmacological probes with therapeutic potential of interest for a broad range of CNS and PNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Paul Wadsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Pietro Scaduto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Syed R Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
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Hoxha E, Marcinnò A, Montarolo F, Masante L, Balbo I, Ravera F, Laezza F, Tempia F. Emerging roles of Fgf14 in behavioral control. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:257-265. [PMID: 30189289 PMCID: PMC10082543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sexual disturbances, and aggressivity are a major social problem. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of these behaviors are largely unknown. FGF14, which is an intracellular protein controlling neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, has been implied in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Mice with Fgf14 deletion show blunted responses to drugs of abuse. By behavioral tests we show that male Fgf14 knockout mice have a marked reduction of several behaviors including aggressivity and sexual behavior. Other behaviors driven by spontaneous initiative like burying novel objects and spontaneous digging and climbing are also reduced in Fgf14 knockout mice. These deficits cannot be attributed to a generalized decrease of activity levels, because in the open field test Fgf14 knockout mice have the same spontaneous locomotion as wild types and increased rearing. Our results show that Fgf14 is important to preserve a set of behaviors and suggest that fine tuning of neuronal function by Fgf14 is an important mechanism of control for such behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Marcinnò
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Linda Masante
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Balbo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ravera
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy; National Neuroscience Institute (Italy), Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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38
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Ali SR, Liu Z, Nenov MN, Folorunso O, Singh A, Scala F, Chen H, James TF, Alshammari M, Panova-Elektronova NI, White MA, Zhou J, Laezza F. Functional Modulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels by a FGF14-Based Peptidomimetic. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:976-987. [PMID: 29359916 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) offer unexploited opportunities for CNS drug discovery and neurochemical probe development. Here, we present ZL181, a novel peptidomimetic targeting the PPI interface of the voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6 and its regulatory protein fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). ZL181 binds to FGF14 and inhibits its interaction with the Nav1.6 channel C-tail. In HEK-Nav1.6 expressing cells, ZL181 acts synergistically with FGF14 to suppress Nav1.6 current density and to slow kinetics of fast inactivation, but antagonizes FGF14 modulation of steady-state inactivation that is regulated by the N-terminal tail of the protein. In medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, ZL181 suppresses excitability by a mechanism that is dependent upon expression of FGF14 and is consistent with a state-dependent inhibition of FGF14. Overall, ZL181 and derivatives could lay the ground for developing allosteric modulators of Nav channels that are of interest for a broad range of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Musaad Alshammari
- King Saud University Graduate Studies Abroad Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hoxha E, Balbo I, Miniaci MC, Tempia F. Purkinje Cell Signaling Deficits in Animal Models of Ataxia. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:6. [PMID: 29760657 PMCID: PMC5937225 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cell (PC) dysfunction or degeneration is the most frequent finding in animal models with ataxic symptoms. Mutations affecting intrinsic membrane properties can lead to ataxia by altering the firing rate of PCs or their firing pattern. However, the relationship between specific firing alterations and motor symptoms is not yet clear, and in some cases PC dysfunction precedes the onset of ataxic signs. Moreover, a great variety of ionic and synaptic mechanisms can affect PC signaling, resulting in different features of motor dysfunction. Mutations affecting Na+ channels (NaV1.1, NaV1.6, NaVβ4, Fgf14 or Rer1) reduce the firing rate of PCs, mainly via an impairment of the Na+ resurgent current. Mutations that reduce Kv3 currents limit the firing rate frequency range. Mutations of Kv1 channels act mainly on inhibitory interneurons, generating excessive GABAergic signaling onto PCs, resulting in episodic ataxia. Kv4.3 mutations are responsible for a complex syndrome with several neurologic dysfunctions including ataxia. Mutations of either Cav or BK channels have similar consequences, consisting in a disruption of the firing pattern of PCs, with loss of precision, leading to ataxia. Another category of pathogenic mechanisms of ataxia regards alterations of synaptic signals arriving at the PC. At the parallel fiber (PF)-PC synapse, mutations of glutamate delta-2 (GluD2) or its ligand Crbl1 are responsible for the loss of synaptic contacts, abolishment of long-term depression (LTD) and motor deficits. At the same synapse, a correct function of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) receptors is necessary to avoid ataxia. Failure of climbing fiber (CF) maturation and establishment of PC mono-innervation occurs in a great number of mutant mice, including mGlu1 and its transduction pathway, GluD2, semaphorins and their receptors. All these models have in common the alteration of PC output signals, due to a variety of mechanisms affecting incoming synaptic signals or the way they are processed by the repertoire of ionic channels responsible for intrinsic membrane properties. Although the PC is a final common pathway of ataxia, the link between specific firing alterations and neurologic symptoms has not yet been systematically studied and the alterations of the cerebellar contribution to motor signals are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Balbo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Miniaci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Turin, Italy
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40
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Scala F, Nenov MN, Crofton EJ, Singh AK, Folorunso O, Zhang Y, Chesson BC, Wildburger NC, James TF, Alshammari MA, Alshammari TK, Elfrink H, Grassi C, Kasper JM, Smith AE, Hommel JD, Lichti CF, Rudra JS, D'Ascenzo M, Green TA, Laezza F. Environmental Enrichment and Social Isolation Mediate Neuroplasticity of Medium Spiny Neurons through the GSK3 Pathway. Cell Rep 2018; 23:555-567. [PMID: 29642012 PMCID: PMC6150488 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience and vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders are linked to molecular changes underlying excitability that are still poorly understood. Here, we identify glycogen-synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6 as regulators of neuroplasticity induced by environmentally enriched (EC) or isolated (IC) conditions-models for resilience and vulnerability. Transcriptomic studies in the nucleus accumbens from EC and IC rats predicted low levels of GSK3β and SCN8A mRNA as a protective phenotype associated with reduced excitability in medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In vivo genetic manipulations demonstrate that GSK3β and Nav1.6 are molecular determinants of MSN excitability and that silencing of GSK3β prevents maladaptive plasticity of IC MSNs. In vitro studies reveal direct interaction of GSK3β with Nav1.6 and phosphorylation at Nav1.6T1936 by GSK3β. A GSK3β-Nav1.6T1936 competing peptide reduces MSNs excitability in IC, but not EC rats. These results identify GSK3β regulation of Nav1.6 as a biosignature of MSNs maladaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Miroslav N Nenov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Crofton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Brent C Chesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Norelle C Wildburger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Thomas F James
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Studies Abroad Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani K Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Studies Abroad Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hannah Elfrink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Bench Tutorials Program: Scientific Research and Design, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - James M Kasper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Ashley E Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Cell Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hommel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | - Thomas A Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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Zagajewska K, Piątkowska M, Goryca K, Bałabas A, Kluska A, Paziewska A, Pośpiech E, Grabska-Liberek I, Hennig EE. GWAS links variants in neuronal development and actin remodeling related loci with pseudoexfoliation syndrome without glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2018; 168:138-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bushart DD, Shakkottai VG. Ion channel dysfunction in cerebellar ataxia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 688:41-48. [PMID: 29421541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders that result in impaired speech, uncoordinated limb movements, and impaired balance, often ultimately resulting in wheelchair confinement. Motor dysfunction in ataxia can be attributed to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the cerebellum and its associated pathways. Recent work has suggested the importance of cerebellar neuronal dysfunction resulting from mutations in specific ion-channels that regulate membrane excitability in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia in humans. Importantly, even in ataxias not directly due to ion-channel mutations, transcriptional changes resulting in ion-channel dysfunction are tied to motor dysfunction and degeneration in models of disease. In this review, we describe the role that ion-channel dysfunction plays in a variety of cerebellar ataxias, and postulate that a potential therapeutic strategy that targets specific ion-channels exists for cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Bushart
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 4009 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Groth CL, Berman BD. Spinocerebellar Ataxia 27: A Review and Characterization of an Evolving Phenotype. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2018; 8:534. [PMID: 29416937 PMCID: PMC5801325 DOI: 10.7916/d80s0zjq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is an uncommon form of progressive cerebellar ataxia with multiple genetic causes and marked variability in phenotypic expression even across patients with identical genetic abnormalities. SCA27 is a recently identified SCA caused by mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 gene, with a phenotypic expression that is only beginning to be fully appreciated. We report here a case of a 70-year-old male who presented with slowly worsening tremor and gait instability that began in his early adulthood along with additional features of parkinsonism on examination. Work-up revealed a novel pathogenic mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 gene, and symptoms improved with amantadine and levodopa. We also provide a review of the literature in order to better characterize the phenotypic expression of this uncommon condition. Methods Case report and review of the literature. Results Review of the literature revealed a total of 32 previously reported clinical cases of SCA27. Including our case, we found that early-onset tremor (12.1 ± 10.5 years) was present in 95.8%, while gait ataxia tended to present later in life (23.7 ± 16.7 years) and was accompanied by limb ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus. Other features of SCA27 that may distinguish it from other SCAs include the potential for episodic ataxia, accompanying psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. Discussion Testing for SCA27 should be considered in individuals with ataxia who report tremor as an initial or early symptom, as well as those with additional findings of episodic ataxia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, or parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Groth
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian D. Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Neurology Section, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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Familial episodic ataxia in lambs is potentially associated with a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) gene. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190030. [PMID: 29253853 PMCID: PMC5734737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial episodic ataxia of lambs is a congenital transient autosomal dominant disorder of newborn lambs, with varying expressivity. Affected lambs show episodes of an asymmetric ataxic gait, base-wide extensor hypertonia of the thoracic limbs and flexor hypertonia of the pelvic limbs. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic variant causing familial episodic ataxia in lambs. Using whole genome sequencing of two half-sib affected lambs, their sire, and their two normal dams, a heterozygous C>T transition at OAR10:77593415 (Oar_v3.1) in exon 1 of the fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) gene (c.46C>T) was identified. The c.46C>T transition resulted in a premature stop codon at position 16 of the 247 amino acid FGF14 protein (p.Q16*). PCR and Sanger sequencing was used to genotype an additional 20 clinically affected animals, demonstrating all lambs carried the c.46C>T variant but 1 clinically more severely affected inbred lamb was homozygous (TT). A further 11 unrelated normal ewes were positionally sequenced, none of which had the variant, while in 18 lambs of unknown status born over 2 years of breeding trials six lambs were found to have the c.46C>T variant, likely clinically unidentified heterozygotes due to the variable expressivity, while 12 did not. In conclusion, familial episodic ataxia of lambs is potentially associated with a c.46C>T variant in the FGF14 gene. Further research is required into the mechanism behind the apparent recovery of lambs.
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Terragni B, Scalmani P, Franceschetti S, Cestèle S, Mantegazza M. Post-translational dysfunctions in channelopathies of the nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:31-42. [PMID: 28571716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Channelopathies comprise various diseases caused by defects of ion channels. Modifications of their biophysical properties are common and have been widely studied. However, ion channels are heterogeneous multi-molecular complexes that are extensively modulated and undergo a maturation process comprising numerous steps of structural modifications and intracellular trafficking. Perturbations of these processes can give rise to aberrant channels that cause pathologies. Here we review channelopathies of the nervous system associated with dysfunctions at the post-translational level (folding, trafficking, degradation, subcellular localization, interactions with associated proteins and structural post-translational modifications). We briefly outline the physiology of ion channels' maturation and discuss examples of defective mechanisms, focusing in particular on voltage-gated sodium channels, which are implicated in numerous neurological disorders. We also shortly introduce possible strategies to develop therapeutic approaches that target these processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Terragni
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Scalmani
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- U.O. Neurophysiology and Diagnostic Epileptology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandrine Cestèle
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France; University Côte d'Azur (UCA), 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France; University Côte d'Azur (UCA), 06560, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Wei EQ, Sinden DS, Mao L, Zhang H, Wang C, Pitt GS. Inducible Fgf13 ablation enhances caveolae-mediated cardioprotection during cardiac pressure overload. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4010-E4019. [PMID: 28461495 PMCID: PMC5441822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616393114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factor FGF13, a noncanonical FGF, has been best characterized as a voltage-gated Na+ channel auxiliary subunit. Other cellular functions have been suggested, but not explored. In inducible, cardiac-specific Fgf13 knockout mice, we found-even in the context of the expected reduction in Na+ channel current-an unanticipated protection from the maladaptive hypertrophic response to pressure overload. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we searched for components of the FGF13 interactome in cardiomyocytes and discovered the complete set of the cavin family of caveolar coat proteins. Detailed biochemical investigations showed that FGF13 acts as a negative regulator of caveolae abundance in cardiomyocytes by controlling the relative distribution of cavin 1 between the sarcolemma and cytosol. In cardiac-specific Fgf13 knockout mice, cavin 1 redistribution to the sarcolemma stabilized the caveolar structural protein caveolin 3. The consequent increase in caveolae density afforded protection against pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction by two mechanisms: (i) enhancing cardioprotective signaling pathways enriched in caveolae, and (ii) increasing the caveolar membrane reserve available to buffer membrane tension. Thus, our results uncover unexpected roles for a FGF homologous factor and establish FGF13 as a regulator of caveolae-mediated mechanoprotection and adaptive hypertrophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Q Wei
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daniel S Sinden
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
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Hsu WCJ, Wildburger NC, Haidacher SJ, Nenov MN, Folorunso O, Singh AK, Chesson BC, Franklin WF, Cortez I, Sadygov RG, Dineley KT, Rudra JS, Taglialatela G, Lichti CF, Denner L, Laezza F. PPARgamma agonists rescue increased phosphorylation of FGF14 at S226 in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 295:1-17. [PMID: 28522250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment in humans with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in animal models of Aβ-pathology can be ameliorated by treatments with the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonists, such as rosiglitazone (RSG). Previously, we demonstrated that in the Tg2576 animal model of AD, RSG treatment rescued cognitive deficits and reduced aberrant activity of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG), an area critical for memory formation. METHODS We used a combination of mass spectrometry, confocal imaging, electrophysiology and split-luciferase assay and in vitro phosphorylation and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Using an unbiased, quantitative nano-LC-MS/MS screening, we searched for potential molecular targets of the RSG-dependent rescue of DG granule neurons. We found that S226 phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), an accessory protein of the voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels required for neuronal firing, was reduced in Tg2576 mice upon treatment with RSG. Using confocal microscopy, we confirmed that the Tg2576 condition decreased PanNav channels at the AIS of the DG, and that RSG treatment of Tg2576 mice reversed the reduction in PanNav channels. Analysis from previously published data sets identified correlative changes in action potential kinetics in RSG-treated T2576 compared to untreated and wildtype controls. In vitro phosphorylation and mass spectrometry confirmed that the multifunctional kinase GSK-3β, a downstream target of insulin signaling highly implicated in AD, phosphorylated FGF14 at S226. Assembly of the FGF14:Nav1.6 channel complex and functional regulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents by FGF14 was impaired by a phosphosilent S226A mutation. Bioinformatics pathway analysis of mass spectrometry and biochemistry data revealed a highly interconnected network encompassing PPARγ, FGF14, SCN8A (Nav 1.6), and the kinases GSK-3 β, casein kinase 2β, and ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS These results identify FGF14 as a potential PPARγ-sensitive target controlling Aβ-induced dysfunctions of neuronal activity in the DG underlying memory loss in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun J Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; M.D./Ph.D. Combined Degree Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Norelle C Wildburger
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Sigmund J Haidacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Miroslav N Nenov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Brent C Chesson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Whitney F Franklin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Ibdanelo Cortez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Rovshan G Sadygov
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Jay S Rudra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Larry Denner
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
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Di Re J, Wadsworth PA, Laezza F. Intracellular Fibroblast Growth Factor 14: Emerging Risk Factor for Brain Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:103. [PMID: 28469558 PMCID: PMC5396478 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The finely tuned regulation of neuronal firing relies on the integrity of ion channel macromolecular complexes. Minimal disturbances of these tightly regulated networks can lead to persistent maladaptive plasticity of brain circuitry. The intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) belongs to the nexus of proteins interacting with voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels at the axonal initial segment. Through isoform-specific interactions with the intracellular C-terminal tail of neuronal Nav channels (Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.6), FGF14 controls channel gating, axonal targeting and phosphorylation in neurons effecting excitability. FGF14 has been also involved in synaptic transmission, plasticity and neurogenesis in the cortico-mesolimbic circuit with cognitive and affective behavioral outcomes. In translational studies, interest in FGF14 continues to rise with a growing list of associative links to diseases of the cognitive and affective domains such as neurodegeneration, depression, anxiety, addictive behaviors and recently schizophrenia, suggesting its role as a converging node in the etiology of complex brain disorders. Yet, a full understanding of FGF14 function in neurons is far from being complete and likely to involve other functions unrelated to the direct regulation of Nav channels. The goal of this Mini Review article is to provide a summary of studies on the emerging role of FGF14 in complex brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Di Re
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul A Wadsworth
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA.,Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA.,Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
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49
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FGF13 Selectively Regulates Heat Nociception by Interacting with Nav1.7. Neuron 2017; 93:806-821.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Wang X, Tang H, Wei EQ, Wang Z, Yang J, Yang R, Wang S, Zhang Y, Pitt GS, Zhang H, Wang C. Conditional knockout of Fgf13 in murine hearts increases arrhythmia susceptibility and reveals novel ion channel modulatory roles. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 104:63-74. [PMID: 28119060 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular fibroblast growth factors (iFGF/FHFs) bind directly to cardiac voltage gated Na+ channels, and modulate their function. Mutations that affect iFGF/FHF-Na+ channel interaction are associated with arrhythmia syndromes. Although suspected to modulate other ionic currents, such as Ca2+ channels based on acute knockdown experiments in isolated cardiomyocytes, the in vivo consequences of iFGF/FHF gene ablation on cardiac electrical activity are still unknown. We generated inducible, cardiomyocyte-restricted Fgf13 knockout mice to determine the resultant effects of Fgf13 gene ablation. Patch clamp recordings from ventricular myocytes isolated from Fgf13 knockout mice showed a ~25% reduction in peak Na+ channel current density and a hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation. Electrocardiograms on Fgf13 knockout mice showed a prolonged QRS duration. The Na+ channel blocker flecainide further prolonged QRS duration and triggered ventricular tachyarrhythmias only in Fgf13 knockout mice, suggesting that arrhythmia vulnerability resulted, at least in part, from a loss of functioning Na+ channels. Consistent with these effects on Na+ channels, action potentials in Fgf13 knockout mice, compared to Cre control mice, exhibited slower upstrokes and reduced amplitude, but unexpectedly had longer durations. We investigated candidate sources of the prolonged action potential durations in myocytes from Fgf13 knockout mice and found a reduction of the transient outward K+ current (Ito). Fgf13 knockout did not alter whole-cell protein levels of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, the Ito pore-forming subunits, but did decrease Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 at the sarcolemma. No changes were seen in the sustained outward K+ current or voltage-gated Ca2+ current, other candidate contributors to the increased action potential duration. These results implicate that FGF13 is a critical cardiac Na+ channel modulator and Fgf13 knockout mice have increased arrhythmia susceptibility in the setting of Na+ channel blockade. The unanticipated effect on Ito revealed new FGF13 properties and the unexpected lack of an effect on voltage-gated Ca2+ channels highlight potential compensatory changes in vivo not readily revealed with acute Fgf13 knockdown in cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - He Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Eric Q Wei
- Ion Channel Research Unit, Department of Medicine/Cardiology and Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Ion Channel Research Unit, Department of Medicine/Cardiology and Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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