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Holland SM, Gallo G. Actin(g) toward a revised understanding of the role of cytoskeletal dynamics in neuronal bioenergetics. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2109-2110. [PMID: 38488542 PMCID: PMC11034601 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Holland
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Arunachalam E, Keber FC, Law RC, Kumar CK, Shen Y, Park JO, Wühr M, Needleman DJ. Robustness of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration explain aerobic glycolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.04.601975. [PMID: 39005310 PMCID: PMC11245115 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.04.601975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A long-standing observation is that in fast-growing cells, respiration rate declines with increasing growth rate and is compensated by an increase in fermentation, despite respiration being more efficient than fermentation. This apparent preference for fermentation even in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic glycolysis, and occurs in bacteria, yeast, and cancer cells. Considerable work has focused on understanding the potential benefits that might justify this seemingly wasteful metabolic strategy, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here we show that aerobic glycolysis results from the saturation of mitochondrial respiration and the decoupling of mitochondrial biogenesis from the production of other cellular components. Respiration rate is insensitive to acute perturbations of cellular energetic demands or nutrient supplies, and is explained simply by the amount of mitochondria per cell. Mitochondria accumulate at a nearly constant rate across different growth conditions, resulting in mitochondrial amount being largely determined by cell division time. In contrast, glucose uptake rate is not saturated, and is accurately predicted by the abundances and affinities of glucose transporters. Combining these models of glucose uptake and respiration provides a quantitative, mechanistic explanation for aerobic glycolysis. The robustness of specific respiration rate and mitochondrial biogenesis, paired with the flexibility of other bioenergetic and biosynthetic fluxes, may play a broad role in shaping eukaryotic cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easun Arunachalam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Felix C. Keber
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Richard C. Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chirag K. Kumar
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junyoung O. Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel J. Needleman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
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3
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de Jesus M, Settle AH, Vorselen D, Gaetjens TK, Galiano M, Romin Y, Lee E, Wong YY, Fu TM, Santosa E, Winer BY, Tamzalit F, Wang MS, Santella A, Bao Z, Sun JC, Shah P, Theriot JA, Abel SM, Huse M. Single-cell topographical profiling of the immune synapse reveals a biomechanical signature of cytotoxicity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj2898. [PMID: 38941478 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells have intensely physical lifestyles characterized by structural plasticity and force exertion. To investigate whether specific immune functions require stereotyped mechanical outputs, we used super-resolution traction force microscopy to compare the immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T cells with contacts formed by other T cell subsets and by macrophages. T cell synapses were globally compressive, which was fundamentally different from the pulling and pinching associated with macrophage phagocytosis. Spectral decomposition of force exertion patterns from each cell type linked cytotoxicity to compressive strength, local protrusiveness, and the induction of complex, asymmetric topography. These features were validated as cytotoxic drivers by genetic disruption of cytoskeletal regulators, live imaging of synaptic secretion, and in silico analysis of interfacial distortion. Synapse architecture and force exertion were sensitive to target stiffness and size, suggesting that the mechanical potentiation of killing is biophysically adaptive. We conclude that cellular cytotoxicity and, by implication, other effector responses are supported by specialized patterns of efferent force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Jesus
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander H Settle
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas K Gaetjens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Romin
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Immunology & Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Endi Santosa
- Immunology & Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fella Tamzalit
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell S Wang
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Santella
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavak Shah
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven M Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Cronin NM, Dawson LW, DeMali KA. Mechanical activation of VE-cadherin stimulates AMPK to increase endothelial cell metabolism and vasodilation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593171. [PMID: 38798670 PMCID: PMC11118335 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Endothelia cells respond to mechanical force by stimulating cellular signaling, but how these pathways are linked to elevations in cell metabolism and whether metabolism supports the mechanical response remains poorly understood. Here, we show that application of force to VE-cadherin stimulates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis. VE-cadherin stimulated AMPK increases eNOS activity and localization to the plasma membrane as well as reinforcement of the actin cytoskeleton and cadherin adhesion complex, and glucose uptake. We present evidence for the increase in metabolism being necessary to fortify the adhesion complex, actin cytoskeleton, and cellular alignment. Together these data extend the paradigm for how mechanotransduction and metabolism are linked to include a connection to vasodilation, thereby providing new insight into how diseases involving contractile, metabolic, and vasodilatory disturbances arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Cronin
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 51 Newton RD, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Logan W Dawson
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 51 Newton RD, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kris A DeMali
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 51 Newton RD, Iowa City, IA 52242
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5
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Wang J, Shi L, Zhang X, Hu R, Yue Z, Zou H, Peng Q, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Metabolomics and proteomics insights into subacute ruminal acidosis etiology and inhibition of proliferation of yak rumen epithelial cells in vitro. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:394. [PMID: 38649832 PMCID: PMC11036571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics were employed to investigate the intracellular response of yak rumen epithelial cells (YRECs) to conditions mimicking subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) etiology, including exposure to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), low pH5.5 (Acid), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure for 24 h. RESULTS These treatments significantly altered the cellular morphology of YRECs. Metabolomic analysis identified significant perturbations with SCFA, Acid and LPS treatment affecting 259, 245 and 196 metabolites (VIP > 1, P < 0.05, and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5 or FC ≤ 0.667). Proteomic analysis revealed that treatment with SCFA, Acid, and LPS resulted in differential expression of 1251, 1396, and 242 proteins, respectively (FC ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83, P < 0.05, FDR < 1%). Treatment with SCFA induced elevated levels of metabolites involved in purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis, and dysregulated proteins associated with actin cytoskeleton organization and ribosome pathways. Furthermore, SCFA reduced the number, morphology, and functionality of mitochondria, leading to oxidative damage and inhibition of cell survival. Gene expression analysis revealed a decrease the genes expression of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle, while the genes expression associated with inflammation and autophagy increased (P < 0.05). Acid exposure altered metabolites related to purine metabolism, and affected proteins associated with complement and coagulation cascades and RNA degradation. Acid also leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in mitochondrial integrity, and reduced ATP generation. It also causes actin filaments to change from filamentous to punctate, affecting cellular cytoskeletal function, and increases inflammation-related molecules, indicating the promotion of inflammatory responses and cellular damage (P < 0.05). LPS treatment induced differential expression of proteins involved in the TNF signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, accompanied by alterations in metabolites associated with arachidonic acid metabolism and MAPK signaling (P < 0.05). The inflammatory response and activation of signaling pathways induced by LPS treatment were also confirmed through protein interaction network analysis. The integrated analysis reveals co-enrichment of proteins and metabolites in cellular signaling and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the detrimental effects of SARA-associated factors on YRECs, elucidating their molecular mechanisms and providing potential therapeutic targets for mitigating SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunMei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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6
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Kamnev A, Mehta T, Wielscher M, Chaves B, Lacouture C, Mautner AK, Shaw LE, Caldera M, Menche J, Weninger WP, Farlik M, Boztug K, Dupré L. Coordinated ARP2/3 and glycolytic activities regulate the morphological and functional fitness of human CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113853. [PMID: 38421875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the ability of cytotoxic T cells to search for target cells and eliminate them. We here investigated the relationship between energetic status, actin remodeling, and functional fitness in human CD8+ effector T cells. Cell spreading during migration or immunological synapse assembly mirrored cytotoxic activity. Morphological and functional fitness were boosted by interleukin-2 (IL-2), which also stimulated the transcription of glycolytic enzymes, actin isoforms, and actin-related protein (ARP)2/3 complex subunits. This molecular program scaled with F-actin content and cell spreading. Inhibiting glycolysis impaired F-actin remodeling at the lamellipodium, chemokine-driven motility, and adhesion, while mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation blockade impacted cell elongation during confined migration. The severe morphological and functional defects of ARPC1B-deficient T cells were only partially corrected by IL-2, emphasizing ARP2/3-mediated actin polymerization as a crucial energy state integrator. The study therefore underscores the tight coordination between metabolic and actin remodeling programs to sustain the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanvi Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatriz Chaves
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Computational Modeling Group, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Nakajima C, Sawada M, Umeda E, Takagi Y, Nakashima N, Kuboyama K, Kaneko N, Yamamoto S, Nakamura H, Shimada N, Nakamura K, Matsuno K, Uesugi S, Vepřek NA, Küllmer F, Nasufović V, Uchiyama H, Nakada M, Otsuka Y, Ito Y, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM, Ohno N, Arndt HD, Trauner D, Tabata Y, Igarashi M, Sawamoto K. Identification of the growth cone as a probe and driver of neuronal migration in the injured brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1877. [PMID: 38461182 PMCID: PMC10924819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth cones mediate axonal guidance and growth regulation. We show that migrating neurons in mice possess a growth cone at the tip of their leading process, similar to that of axons, in terms of the cytoskeletal dynamics and functional responsivity through protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type sigma (PTPσ). Migrating-neuron growth cones respond to chondroitin sulfate (CS) through PTPσ and collapse, which leads to inhibition of neuronal migration. In the presence of CS, the growth cones can revert to their extended morphology when their leading filopodia interact with heparan sulfate (HS), thus re-enabling neuronal migration. Implantation of an HS-containing biomaterial in the CS-rich injured cortex promotes the extension of the growth cone and improve the migration and regeneration of neurons, thereby enabling functional recovery. Thus, the growth cone of migrating neurons is responsive to extracellular environments and acts as a primary regulator of neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nakajima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Erika Umeda
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuma Takagi
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Norihiko Nakashima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuboyama
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Laboratory of Neuronal Regeneration, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Satoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Haruno Nakamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimada
- Research and Development Center, The Japan Wool Textile Co., Ltd., Kobe, 675-0053, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nakamura
- Medical Device Department, Nikke Medical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0048, Japan
| | - Kumiko Matsuno
- Research and Development Center, The Japan Wool Textile Co., Ltd., Kobe, 675-0053, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shoji Uesugi
- Medical Device Department, Nikke Medical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0048, Japan
| | - Nynke A Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Florian Küllmer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Veselin Nasufović
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | | | | | - Yuji Otsuka
- Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, 520-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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8
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Kuiper JWP, Gregg HL, Schüber M, Klein J, Hauck CR. Controling the cytoskeleton during CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151384. [PMID: 38215579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, an innate defense mechanism of multicellular animals, is initiated by specialized surface receptors. A phagocytic receptor expressed by human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, the major professional phagocytes in our body, is one of the fastest evolving human proteins implying a special role in human biology. This receptor, CEACAM3, is a member of the CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule (CEACAM) family and dedicated to the immediate recognition and rapid internalization of human-restricted pathogens. In this focused contribution, we will review the special adaptations of this protein, which co-evolves with different species of mucosa-colonizing bacteria. While the extracellular Immunoglobulin-variable (IgV)-like domain recognizes various bacterial adhesins, an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif (ITAM)-like sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of CEACAM3 constitutes the central signaling hub to trigger actin rearrangements needed for efficient phagocytosis. A major emphasis of this review will be placed on recent findings, which have revealed the multi-level control of this powerful phagocytic device. As tyrosine phosphorylation and small GTPase activity are central for CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis, the counterregulation of CEACAM3 activity involves the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase J (PTPRJ) as well as the Rac-GTP scavenging protein Cyri-B. Interference with such negative regulatory circuits has revealed that CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis can be strongly enhanced. In principle, the knowledge gained by studying CEACAM3 can be applied to other phagocytic systems and opens the door to treatments, which boost the phagocytic capacity of professional phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena L Gregg
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | - Meike Schüber
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jule Klein
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Germany.
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9
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Liang P, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zheng S, Xu Z, Yang S, Wang J, Ma S, Xiao L, Hu T, Jiang W, Huang C, Xing Q, Kundu M, Wang B. An ULK1/2-PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56850. [PMID: 37846507 PMCID: PMC10626438 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeling and stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a well-recognized modulator of breast cancer progression. How changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM are converted into biochemical signals that direct tumor cell migration and metastasis remain poorly characterized. Here, we describe a new role for the autophagy-inducing serine/threonine kinases ULK1 and ULK2 in mechanotransduction. We show that ULK1/2 activity inhibits the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions (FAs) and as a consequence impedes cell contraction and migration, independent of its role in autophagy. Mechanistically, we identify PXN/paxillin, a key component of the mechanotransducing machinery, as a direct binding partner and substrate of ULK1/2. ULK-mediated phosphorylation of PXN at S32 and S119 weakens homotypic interactions and liquid-liquid phase separation of PXN, impairing FA assembly, which in turn alters the mechanical properties of breast cancer cells and their response to mechanical stimuli. ULK1/2 and the well-characterized PXN regulator, FAK/Src, have opposing functions on mechanotransduction and compete for phosphorylation of adjacent serine and tyrosine residues. Taken together, our study reveals ULK1/2 as important regulator of PXN-dependent mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yuchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jinfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Suibin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of OncologyZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Wenxue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Central LaboratoryThe Fifth Hospital of XiamenXiamenChina
| | - Qiong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
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10
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Medras ZJH, Mostafa YM, Ahmed AAM, El‐Sayed NM. Arctigenin improves neuropathy via ameliorating apoptosis and modulating autophagy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3068-3080. [PMID: 37170684 PMCID: PMC10493658 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress mediates the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy (DN) with activation of apoptotic pathway and reduction of autophagy. Arctigenin (ARC) is a natural lignan isolated from some plants of the Asteraceae family that shows antioxidant property. The present study aimed to explore the mechanistic neuroprotective effect of ARC on animal model for DN. METHODS DN was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 45 mg/kg, i.p, for five consecutive days and ARC was administered orally (25 or 50 mg) for 3 weeks. The mechanical sensitivity and thermal latency were determined using von Frey and hotplate, respectively. Beclin, p62, and LC3 were detected as markers for autophagy by western blot. Levels of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxides, and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were detected as readout for oxidative stress. Apoptotic parameters and histopathological changes were revealed in all experimental groups. RESULTS The present study showed deterioration of the function and structure of neurons as a result of hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress and impaired autophagy were observed in diabetic neurons as well as the activation of apoptotic pathway. ARC improved the behavioral and histopathological changes of diabetic mice. ARC combated oxidative stress through diminishing lipid peroxidation and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This was concomitant by reducing the biomarkers of apoptosis. ARC augmented the expression of Beclin and LC3 while it lessened the expression of p62 indicating the activation of autophagy. These findings suggest that ARC can ameliorate DN by combating apoptosis and oxidative stress and improving autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasser M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacySuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyBadr University in CairoBadrEgypt
| | - Amal A. M. Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Norhan M. El‐Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacySuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
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11
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Dawson LW, Cronin NM, DeMali KA. Mechanotransduction: Forcing a change in metabolism. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102219. [PMID: 37651955 PMCID: PMC10523412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial cells experience numerous mechanical cues throughout their lifetimes. Cells resist these forces by fortifying their cytoskeletal networks and adhesions. This reinforcement is energetically costly. Here we describe how these energetic demands are met. We focus on the response of epithelial and endothelial cells to mechanical cues, describe the energetic needs of epithelia and endothelia, and identify the mechanisms these cells employ to increase glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism. We discuss the similarities and differences in the responses of the two cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan W Dawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas M Cronin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kris A DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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12
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Li SJ, Lo YC, Tseng HY, Lin SH, Kuo CH, Chen TC, Chang CW, Liang YW, Lin YC, Wang CY, Cho TY, Wang MH, Chen CT, Chen YY. Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation improves depressive-like behaviors through BDNF-mediated alterations in brain functional connectivity of dopaminergic pathway. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 26:100566. [PMID: 37664874 PMCID: PMC10474237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common psychiatric condition, adversely affects patients' moods and quality of life. Despite the development of various treatments, many patients with MDD remain vulnerable and inadequately controlled. Since anhedonia is a feature of depression and there is evidence of leading to metabolic disorder, deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) might be promising in modulating the dopaminergic pathway. To determine whether NAc-DBS alters glucose metabolism via mitochondrial alteration and neurogenesis and whether these changes increase neural plasticity that improves behavioral functions in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model. The Lab-designed MR-compatible neural probes were implanted in the bilateral NAc of C57BL/6 mice with and without CSDS, followed by DBS or sham stimulation. All animals underwent open-field and sucrose preference testing, and brain resting-state functional MRI analysis. Meanwhile, we checked the placement of neural probes in each mouse by T2 images. By confirming the placement location, mice with incorrect probe placement (the negative control group) showed no significant therapeutic effects in behavioral performance and functional connectivity (FC) after receiving electrical stimulation and were excluded from further analysis. Western blotting, seahorse metabolic analysis, and electron microscopy were further applied for the investigation of NAc-DBS. We found NAc-DBS restored emotional deficits in CSDS-subjected mice. Concurrent with behavioral amelioration, the CSDS DBS-on group exhibited enhanced FC in the dopaminergic pathway with increased expression of BDNF- and NeuN-positive cells increased dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptors, and TH in the medial prefrontal cortex, NAc, ventral hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, and amygdala. Increased pAMPK/total AMPK and PGC-1α levels, functions of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis were also observed after NAc-DBS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that NAc-DBS can promote BDNF expression, which alters FC and metabolic profile in the dopaminergic pathway, suggesting a potential strategy for ameliorating emotional processes in individuals with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Huang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97002, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Taipei, 115024, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai-Yu Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Hua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Te Chen
- Abbott Medical Taiwan Co, 5/F No. 407, Ruei-Guang Rd., Taipei, 11492, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Holland SM, Gallo G. Actin cytoskeletal dynamics do not impose an energy drain on growth cone bioenergetics. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261356. [PMID: 37534394 PMCID: PMC10445737 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the intracellular level of ATP is a fundamental aspect of bioenergetics. Actin cytoskeletal dynamics have been reported to be an energetic drain in developing neurons and platelets. We addressed the role of actin dynamics in primary embryonic chicken neurons using luciferase assays, and by measurement of the ATP/ADP ratio using the ratiometric reporter PercevalHR and the ATP level using the ratiometric reporter mRuby-iATPSnFR. None of the methods revealed an effect of suppressing actin dynamics on the decline in the neuronal ATP level or the ATP/ADP ratio following shutdown of ATP production. Similarly, we find that treatments that elevate or suppress actin dynamics do not alter the ATP/ADP ratio in growth cones, the subcellular domain with the highest actin dynamics in developing neurons. Collectively, the data indicate that actin cytoskeletal dynamics are not a significant energy drain in developing neurons and that the ATP/ADP ratio is maintained when energy utilization varies. Discrepancies between prior work and the current data are discussed with emphasis on methodology and interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Holland
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Wang Z, Wei D, Bin E, Li J, Jiang K, Lv T, Mao X, Wang F, Dai H, Tang N. Enhanced glycolysis-mediated energy production in alveolar stem cells is required for alveolar regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1028-1042.e7. [PMID: 37541209 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired differentiation of alveolar stem cells has been identified in a variety of acute and chronic lung diseases. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms that modulate alveolar regeneration and understand how aging impacts this process. We have discovered that the process of alveolar type II (AT2) cells differentiating into AT1 cells is an energetically costly process. During alveolar regeneration, activated AMPK-PFKFB2 signaling upregulates glycolysis, which is essential to support the intracellular energy expenditure that is required for cytoskeletal remodeling during AT2 cell differentiation. AT2 cells in aged lungs exhibit reduced AMPK-PFKFB2 signaling and ATP production, resulting in impaired alveolar regeneration. Activating AMPK-PFKFB2 signaling in aged AT2 cells can rescue defective alveolar regeneration in aged mice. Thus, beyond demonstrating that cellular energy metabolism orchestrates with stem cell differentiation during alveolar regeneration, our study suggests that modulating AMPK-PFKFB2 signaling promotes alveolar repair in aged lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ennan Bin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kewu Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Mao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Leung A, Rangamani P. Computational modeling of AMPK and mTOR crosstalk in glutamatergic synapse calcium signaling. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37460570 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal energy consumption is vital for information processing and memory formation in synapses. The brain consists of just 2% of the human body's mass, but consumes almost 20% of the body's energy budget. Most of this energy is attributed to active transport in ion signaling, with calcium being the canonical second messenger of synaptic transmission. Here, we develop a computational model of synaptic signaling resulting in the activation of two protein kinases critical in metabolic regulation and cell fate, AMP-Activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and investigate the effect of glutamate stimulus frequency on their dynamics. Our model predicts that frequencies of glutamate stimulus over 10 Hz perturb AMPK and mTOR oscillations at higher magnitudes by up to 36% and change the area under curve (AUC) by 5%. This dynamic difference in AMPK and mTOR activation trajectories potentially differentiates high frequency stimulus bursts from basal neuronal signaling leading to a downstream change in synaptic plasticity. Further, we also investigate the crosstalk between insulin receptor and calcium signaling on AMPK and mTOR activation and predict that the pathways demonstrate multistability dependent on strength of insulin signaling and metabolic consumption rate. Our predictions have implications for improving our understanding of neuronal metabolism, synaptic pruning, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leung
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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O'Connor K, Spendiff S, Lochmüller H, Horvath R. Mitochondrial Mutations Can Alter Neuromuscular Transmission in Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome and Mitochondrial Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108505. [PMID: 37239850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of rare, neuromuscular disorders that usually present in childhood or infancy. While the phenotypic presentation of these disorders is diverse, the unifying feature is a pathomechanism that disrupts neuromuscular transmission. Recently, two mitochondrial genes-SLC25A1 and TEFM-have been reported in patients with suspected CMS, prompting a discussion about the role of mitochondria at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Mitochondrial disease and CMS can present with similar symptoms, and potentially one in four patients with mitochondrial myopathy exhibit NMJ defects. This review highlights research indicating the prominent roles of mitochondria at both the pre- and postsynapse, demonstrating the potential for mitochondrial involvement in neuromuscular transmission defects. We propose the establishment of a novel subcategorization for CMS-mitochondrial CMS, due to unifying clinical features and the potential for mitochondrial defects to impede transmission at the pre- and postsynapse. Finally, we highlight the potential of targeting the neuromuscular transmission in mitochondrial disease to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaela O'Connor
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK
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17
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Splitt RL, DeMali KA. Metabolic reprogramming in response to cell mechanics. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e202200108. [PMID: 36807920 PMCID: PMC10192020 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been dedicated to understanding how cells sense and respond to mechanical forces. The types of forces cells experience as well as the repertoire of cell surface receptors that sense these forces have been identified. Key mechanisms for transmitting that force to the cell interior have also emerged. Yet, how cells process mechanical information and integrate it with other cellular events remains largely unexplored. Here we review the mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction at cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, and we summarize the current understanding of how cells integrate information from the distinct adhesion complexes with cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Splitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kris A. DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
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18
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Overmeyer C, Jorgensen K, Vohra BPS. The Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (TOM40) is required for mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal integrity in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103853. [PMID: 37100265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms and altered expression of the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane - 40 kD (Tom40) are observed in neurodegenerative disease subjects. We utilized in vitro cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to investigate the association of TOM40 depletion to neurodegeneration, and to unravel the mechanism of neurodegeneration induced by decreased levels of TOM40 protein. We provide evidence that severity of neurodegeneration induced in the TOM40 depleted neurons increases with the increase in the depletion of TOM40 and is exacerbated by an increase in the duration of TOM40 depletion. We also demonstrate that TOM40 depletion causes a surge in neuronal calcium levels, decreases mitochondrial motility, increases mitochondrial fission, and decreases neuronal ATP levels. We observed that alterations in the neuronal calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics precede BCL-xl and NMNAT1 dependent neurodegenerative pathways in the TOM40 depleted neurons. This data also suggests that manipulation of BCL-xl and NMNAT1 may be of therapeutic value in TOM40 associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kylie Jorgensen
- Department of Biology, William Jewell College Liberty, MO 64068
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19
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de Jesus M, Settle AH, Vorselen D, Gaetjens TK, Galiano M, Wong YY, Fu TM, Santosa E, Winer BY, Tamzalit F, Wang MS, Bao Z, Sun JC, Shah P, Theriot JA, Abel SM, Huse M. Topographical analysis of immune cell interactions reveals a biomechanical signature for immune cytolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.16.537078. [PMID: 37131635 PMCID: PMC10153123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.16.537078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells live intensely physical lifestyles characterized by structural plasticity, mechanosensitivity, and force exertion. Whether specific immune functions require stereotyped patterns of mechanical output, however, is largely unknown. To address this question, we used super-resolution traction force microscopy to compare cytotoxic T cell immune synapses with contacts formed by other T cell subsets and macrophages. T cell synapses were globally and locally protrusive, which was fundamentally different from the coupled pinching and pulling of macrophage phagocytosis. By spectrally decomposing the force exertion patterns of each cell type, we associated cytotoxicity with compressive strength, local protrusiveness, and the induction of complex, asymmetric interfacial topographies. These features were further validated as cytotoxic drivers by genetic disruption of cytoskeletal regulators, direct imaging of synaptic secretory events, and in silico analysis of interfacial distortion. We conclude that T cell-mediated killing and, by implication, other effector responses are supported by specialized patterns of efferent force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Jesus
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Alexander H. Settle
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Thomas K. Gaetjens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Endi Santosa
- Immunology & Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Fella Tamzalit
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Mitchell S. Wang
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY USA
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Pavak Shah
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Julie A. Theriot
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Steven M. Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
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20
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Yokota S, Shah SH, Huie EL, Wen RR, Luo Z, Goldberg JL. Kif5a Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Developing Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:4. [PMID: 36862119 PMCID: PMC9983700 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Axon transport of organelles and neurotrophic factors is necessary for maintaining cellular function and survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, it is not clear how trafficking of mitochondria, essential for RGC growth and maturation, changes during RGC development. The purpose of this study was to understand the dynamics and regulation of mitochondrial transport during RGC maturation using acutely purified RGCs as a model system. Methods Primary RGCs were immunopanned from rats of either sex during three stages of development. MitoTracker dye and live-cell imaging were used to quantify mitochondrial motility. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing was used to identify Kinesin family member 5A (Kif5a) as a relevant motor candidate for mitochondrial transport. Kif5a expression was manipulated with either short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or exogenous expression adeno-associated virus viral vectors. Results Anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial trafficking and motility decreased through RGC development. Similarly, the expression of Kif5a, a motor protein that transports mitochondria, also decreased during development. Kif5a knockdown decreased anterograde mitochondrial transport, while Kif5a expression increased general mitochondrial motility and anterograde mitochondrial transport. Conclusions Our results suggested that Kif5a directly regulates mitochondrial axonal transport in developing RGCs. Future work exploring the role of Kif5a in vivo in RGCs is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokota
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States.,Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sahil H Shah
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Emma Lee Huie
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Runxia Rain Wen
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Ziming Luo
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
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21
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Homeostasis of carbohydrates and reactive oxygen species is critically changed in the brain of middle-aged mice: molecular mechanisms and functional reasons. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100077. [PMID: 37082254 PMCID: PMC10074963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is an organ that consumes a lot of energy. In the brain, energy is required for synaptic transmission, numerous biosynthetic processes and axonal transport in neurons, and for many supportive functions of glial cells. The main source of energy in the brain is glucose and to a lesser extent lactate and ketone bodies. ATP is formed at glucose catabolism via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) within mitochondria being the main source of ATP. With age, brain's energy metabolism is disturbed, involving a decrease in glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The latter is accompanied by intensified generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ETC leading to oxidative stress. Recently, we have found that crucial changes in energy metabolism and intensity of oxidative stress in the mouse brain occur in middle age with minor progression in old age. In this review, we analyze the metabolic changes and functional causes that lead to these changes in the aging brain.
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22
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Pinto AT, Machado AB, Osório H, Pinto ML, Vitorino R, Justino G, Santa C, Castro F, Cruz T, Rodrigues C, Lima J, Sousa JLR, Cardoso AP, Figueira R, Monteiro A, Marques M, Manadas B, Pauwels J, Gevaert K, Mareel M, Rocha S, Duarte T, Oliveira MJ. Macrophage Resistance to Ionizing Radiation Exposure Is Accompanied by Decreased Cathepsin D and Increased Transferrin Receptor 1 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:270. [PMID: 36612268 PMCID: PMC9818572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify a molecular signature of macrophages exposed to clinically relevant ionizing radiation (IR) doses, mirroring radiotherapy sessions. METHODS Human monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to 2 Gy/ fraction/ day for 5 days, mimicking one week of cancer patient's radiotherapy. Protein expression profile by proteomics was performed. RESULTS A gene ontology analysis revealed that radiation-induced protein changes are associated with metabolic alterations, which were further supported by a reduction of both cellular ATP levels and glucose uptake. Most of the radiation-induced deregulated targets exhibited a decreased expression, as was the case of cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease associated with cell death, which was validated by Western blot. We also found that irradiated macrophages exhibited an increased expression of the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which is responsible for the uptake of transferrin-bound iron. TfR1 upregulation was also found in tumor-associated mouse macrophages upon tumor irradiation. In vitro irradiated macrophages also presented a trend for increased divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which transports iron from the endosome to the cytosol, and a significant increase in iron release. CONCLUSIONS Irradiated macrophages present lower ATP levels and glucose uptake, and exhibit decreased cathepsin D expression, while increasing TfR1 expression and altering iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Pinto
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Beatriz Machado
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Fundação Champalimaud, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP–Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departament of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Laranjeiro Pinto
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural–Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Santa
- CNC–Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Cruz
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE–LAQV, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP–Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Luís R. Sousa
- Personal Health Data Science Group, Sano-Centre for Computational Personalised Medicine, 30-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Figueira
- Radiotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- Radiotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Marques
- Radiotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jarne Pauwels
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Mareel
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sónia Rocha
- Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3 GE, UK
| | - Tiago Duarte
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC–Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departament of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Tassinari R, Olivi E, Cavallini C, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Marcuzzi M, Fedchenko O, Ventura C. Mechanobiology: A landscape for reinterpreting stem cell heterogeneity and regenerative potential in diseased tissues. iScience 2022; 26:105875. [PMID: 36647385 PMCID: PMC9839966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces play a fundamental role in cellular dynamics from the molecular level to the establishment of complex heterogeneity in somatic and stem cells. Here, we highlight the role of cytoskeletal mechanics and extracellular matrix in generating mechanical forces merging into oscillatory synchronized patterns. We discuss how cellular mechanosensing/-transduction can be modulated by mechanical forces to control tissue metabolism and set the basis for nonpharmacologic tissue rescue. Control of bone anabolic activity and repair, as well as obesity prevention, through a fine-tuning of the stem cell morphodynamics are highlighted. We also discuss the use of mechanical forces in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure through the fine modulation of stem cell metabolic activity and regenerative potential. We finally focus on the new landscape of delivering specific mechanical stimuli to reprogram tissue-resident stem cells and enhance our self-healing potential, without the need for stem cell or tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Olivi
- ELDOR LAB, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Martina Marcuzzi
- NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oleksandra Fedchenko
- NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- ELDOR LAB, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy,NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy,Corresponding author
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24
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Wang L, Lin Z, Carli J, Gladala‐Kostarz A, Davies JM, Franklin‐Tong VE, Bosch M. Depletion plays a pivotal role in self-incompatibility, revealing a link between cellular energy status, cytosolic acidification and actin remodelling in pollen tubes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1691-1707. [PMID: 35775998 PMCID: PMC9796540 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) involves specific interactions during pollination to reject incompatible ('self') pollen, preventing inbreeding in angiosperms. A key event observed in pollen undergoing the Papaver rhoeas SI response is the formation of punctate F-actin foci. Pollen tube growth is heavily energy-dependent, yet ATP levels in pollen tubes have not been directly measured during SI. Here we used transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing the Papaver pollen S-determinant to investigate a possible link between ATP levels, cytosolic pH ([pH]cyt ) and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton. We identify for the first time that SI triggers a rapid and significant ATP depletion in pollen tubes. Artificial depletion of ATP triggered cytosolic acidification and formation of actin aggregates. We also identify in vivo, evidence for a threshold [pH]cyt of 5.8 for actin foci formation. Imaging revealed that SI stimulates acidic cytosolic patches adjacent to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that ATP depletion plays a pivotal role in SI upstream of programmed cell death and reveals a link between the cellular energy status, cytosolic acidification and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton in regulating Papaver SI in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - José Carli
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Agnieszka Gladala‐Kostarz
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Vernonica E. Franklin‐Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
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25
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Portilla Pulido JS, Urbina Duitama DL, Velasquez-Martinez MC, Mendez-Sanchez SC, Duque JE. Differentiation of action mechanisms between natural and synthetic repellents through neuronal electroantennogram and proteomic in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:20397. [PMID: 36437275 PMCID: PMC9701785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-based compounds with repellent activity arise nowadays with the possibility to replace commercial synthetic repellents wholly or partially, such as N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). It is due to DEET's demonstrated toxicity and cutaneous irritation for human beings. Besides, research recommends avoiding using it with kids and pregnant women. The search for a repellent product implies early stages of detailed research that resolve the modes of action against the target insect. Therefore the objective of the current study was to analyze neuronal electrophysiological signals and olfactory system protein expression when the Aedes aegypti mosquito with exposition to natural-based repellents. Adult females of Ae. aegypti of Rockefeller strain were exposed to specific concentrations of repellent compounds like geranyl acetate, α-bisabolol, nerolidol, and DEET. The neuronal effect was measured by electroantennography technique, and the effect of exposure to either DEET or a mixture of natural molecules on protein expression was determined with 2D-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry (MS). This approach revealed that DEET affected proteins related to synapses and ATP production, whereas natural-based repellents increased transport, signaling, and detoxification proteins. The proteomic and electrophysiology experiments demonstrated that repellent exposure disrupts ionic channel activity and modifies neuronal synapse and energy production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Sebastián Portilla Pulido
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Facultad de ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia ,grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales-CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
| | - Diana Lizeth Urbina Duitama
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Facultad de ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia ,grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales-CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
| | - María Carolina Velasquez-Martinez
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de investigación en Neurociencias y Comportamiento UIS-UPB, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
| | - Stelia Carolina Mendez-Sanchez
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Facultad de ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jonny Edward Duque
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales-CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
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26
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The TOR complex controls ATP levels to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122969119. [PMID: 36095209 PMCID: PMC9499549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122969119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells must overcome energy shortage, and the ability to do so determines their fate. The ability of cells to coordinate their cellular activities and energy status is therefore important for all living organisms. One of the major energy drains in eukaryotic cells is the constant turnover of the actin cytoskeleton, which consumes ATP during the cycle of polymerization and depolymerization. We report that the TOR complex, a master regulatory hub that integrates cellular energy information to coordinate cell growth and metabolism, controls cellular ATP levels in plant cells. We further elucidate that low ATP levels cause reduced actin dynamics in plant cells. These findings provide insight into how plant cells handle low energy situations. Energy is essential for all cellular functions in a living organism. How cells coordinate their physiological processes with energy status and availability is thus an important question. The turnover of actin cytoskeleton between its monomeric and filamentous forms is a major energy drain in eukaryotic cells. However, how actin dynamics are regulated by ATP levels remain largely unknown in plant cells. Here, we observed that seedlings with impaired functions of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), either by mutation of the key component, RAPTOR1B, or inhibition of TOR activity by specific inhibitors, displayed reduced sensitivity to actin cytoskeleton disruptors compared to their controls. Consistently, actin filament dynamics, but not organization, were suppressed in TORC1-impaired cells. Subcellular localization analysis and quantification of ATP concentration demonstrated that RAPTOR1B localized at cytoplasm and mitochondria and that ATP levels were significantly reduced in TORC1-impaired plants. Further pharmacologic experiments showed that the inhibition of mitochondrial functions led to phenotypes mimicking those observed in raptor1b mutants at the level of both plant growth and actin dynamics. Exogenous feeding of adenine could partially restore ATP levels and actin dynamics in TORC1-deficient plants. Thus, these data support an important role for TORC1 in coordinating ATP homeostasis and actin dynamics in plant cells.
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27
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Abstract
The human brain consumes five orders of magnitude more energy than the sun by unit of mass and time. This staggering bioenergetic cost serves mostly synaptic transmission and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The peak of both brain bioenergetic demands and the age of onset for neurodevelopmental disorders is approximately 5 years of age. This correlation suggests that defects in the machinery that provides cellular energy would be causative and/or consequence of neurodevelopmental disorders. We explore this hypothesis from the perspective of the machinery required for the synthesis of the electron transport chain, an ATP-producing and NADH-consuming enzymatic cascade. The electron transport chain is constituted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-genome-encoded subunits. These subunits are synthesized by the 80S and the 55S ribosomes, which are segregated to the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix, correspondingly. Mitochondrial protein synthesis by the 55S ribosome is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of electron transport chain components, suggesting that mitochondrial protein synthesis is a bottleneck for tissues with high bionergetic demands. We discuss genetic defects in the human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that affect these protein synthesis machineries and cause a phenotypic spectrum spanning autism spectrum disorders to neurodegeneration during neurodevelopment. We propose that dysregulated mitochondrial protein synthesis is a chief, yet understudied, causative mechanism of neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders.
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28
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Liu G, Li J, Wu C. Reciprocal regulation of actin filaments and cellular metabolism. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151281. [PMID: 36343493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For cells to adhere, migrate and proliferate, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is required. This process consumes a large amount of ATP while having an intimate connection with cellular metabolism. Signaling pathways that regulate energy homeostasis can also affect actin dynamics, whereas a variety of actin binding proteins directly or indirectly interact with the anabolic and catabolic regulators in cells. Here, we discuss the inter-regulation between actin filaments and cellular metabolism, reviewing recent discoveries on key metabolic enzymes that respond to actin remodeling as well as historical findings on metabolic stress-induced cytoskeletal reorganization. We also address emerging techniques that would benefit the study of cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular metabolism in high spatial-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyao Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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29
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Antagonism of the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Type 1 Receptor Enhances Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Expression of Respiratory Chain Components via AMPK in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells and Primary Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6754-6770. [PMID: 36002781 PMCID: PMC9525428 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in mitochondrial physiology play a role in the progression of multiple neurodegenerative conditions, including peripheral neuropathy in diabetes. Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (M1R) with specific/selective antagonists prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and reversed nerve degeneration in in vitro and in vivo models of peripheral neuropathy. Specifically, in type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes, inhibition of M1R using pirenzepine or muscarinic toxin 7 (MT7) induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and prevented sensory abnormalities and distal nerve fiber loss. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line has been extensively used as an in vitro model system to study mechanisms of neurodegeneration in DRG neurons and other neuronal sub-types. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pirenzepine or MT7 enhance AMPK activity and via this pathway augment mitochondrial function in SH-SY5Y cells. M1R expression was confirmed by utilizing a fluorescent dye, ATTO590-labeled MT7, that exhibits great specificity for this receptor. M1R antagonist treatment in SH-SY5Y culture increased AMPK phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein expression (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was augmented in pirenzepine and MT7 treated cultured SH-SY5Y cells and DRG neurons. Compound C or AMPK-specific siRNA suppressed pirenzepine or MT7-induced elevation of OXPHOS expression and MMP. Moreover, muscarinic antagonists induced hyperpolarization by activating the M-current and, thus, suppressed neuronal excitability. These results reveal that negative regulation of this M1R-dependent pathway could represent a potential therapeutic target to elevate AMPK activity, enhance mitochondrial function, suppress neuropathic pain, and enhance nerve repair in peripheral neuropathy.
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Gore A, Yurina A, Yukevich-Mussomeli A, Nahmani M. Synaptic spinules are reliable indicators of excitatory presynaptic bouton size and strength and are ubiquitous components of excitatory synapses in CA1 hippocampus. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:968404. [PMID: 36032419 PMCID: PMC9403541 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.968404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic spinules are thin, finger-like projections from one neuron that become embedded within the presynaptic or postsynaptic compartments of another neuron. While spinules are conserved features of synapses across the animal kingdom, their specific function(s) remain unknown. Recent focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) image volume analyses have demonstrated that spinules are embedded within ∼25% of excitatory boutons in primary visual cortex, yet the diversity of spinule sizes, origins, and ultrastructural relationships to their boutons remained unclear. To begin to uncover the function of synaptic spinules, we sought to determine the abundance, origins, and 3D ultrastructure of spinules within excitatory presynaptic spinule-bearing boutons (SBBs) in mammalian CA1 hippocampus and compare them with presynaptic boutons bereft of spinules (non-SBBs). Accordingly, we performed a comprehensive 3D analysis of every excitatory presynaptic bouton, their embedded spinules, and postsynaptic densities, within a 5 nm isotropic FIB-SEM image volume from CA1 hippocampus of an adult male rat. Surprisingly, we found that ∼74% of excitatory presynaptic boutons in this volume contained at least one spinule, suggesting they are fundamental components of excitatory synapses in CA1. In addition, we found that SBBs are 2.5-times larger and have 60% larger postsynaptic densities (PSDs) than non-SBBs. Moreover, synaptic spinules within SBBs are clearly differentiated into two groups: small clathrin-coated spinules, and 29-times larger spinules without clathrin. Together, these findings suggest that the presence of a spinule is a marker for stronger and more stable presynaptic boutons in CA1, and that synaptic spinules serve at least two separable and distinct functions.
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Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:475-493. [PMID: 35767208 PMCID: PMC9325846 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers’ count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA’s beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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32
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Abdelkader NF, Elbaset MA, Moustafa PE, Ibrahim SM. Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022. [PMID: 35767208 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers' count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA's beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Yadav T, Gau D, Roy P. Mitochondria-actin cytoskeleton crosstalk in cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2387-2403. [PMID: 35342955 PMCID: PMC9945482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform diverse functions in the cell and their roles during processes such as cell survival, differentiation, and migration are increasingly being appreciated. Mitochondrial and actin cytoskeletal networks not only interact with each other, but this multifaceted interaction shapes their functional dynamics. The interrelation between mitochondria and the actin cytoskeleton extends far beyond the requirement of mitochondrial ATP generation to power actin dynamics, and impinges upon several major aspects of cellular physiology. Being situated at the hub of cell signaling pathways, mitochondrial function can alter the activity of actin regulatory proteins and therefore modulate the processes downstream of actin dynamics such as cellular migration. As we will discuss, this regulation is highly nuanced and operates at multiple levels allowing mitochondria to occupy a strategic position in the regulation of migration, as well as pathological events that rely on aberrant cell motility such as cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the crosstalk that exists between mitochondria and actin regulatory proteins, and further emphasize on how this interaction holds importance in cell migration in normal as well as dysregulated scenarios as in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Yadav
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune
| | - David Gau
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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Bamburg JR. Meet the Editorial Board Member. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9413792 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x2002220216142719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Molecular and Radiological Bioscience Building, Room 235
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870
Colorado State University
USA
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35
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Torrino S, Bertero T. Metabo-reciprocity in cell mechanics: feeling the demands/feeding the demand. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:624-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Te Boekhorst V, Jiang L, Mählen M, Meerlo M, Dunkel G, Durst FC, Yang Y, Levine H, Burgering BMT, Friedl P. Calpain-2 regulates hypoxia/HIF-induced plasticity toward amoeboid cancer cell migration and metastasis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:412-427.e8. [PMID: 34883047 PMCID: PMC10439789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, through hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), drives cancer cell invasion and metastatic progression in various cancer types. In epithelial cancer, hypoxia induces the transition to amoeboid cancer cell dissemination, yet the molecular mechanisms, relevance for metastasis, and effective intervention to combat hypoxia-induced amoeboid reprogramming remain unclear. Here, we identify calpain-2 as a key regulator and anti-metastasis target of hypoxia-induced transition from collective to amoeboid dissemination of breast and head and neck (HN) carcinoma cells. Hypoxia-induced amoeboid dissemination occurred through low extracellular matrix (ECM)-adhesive, predominantly bleb-based amoeboid movement, which was maintained by a low-oxidative and -glycolytic energy metabolism ("eco-mode"). Hypoxia induced calpain-2-mediated amoeboid conversion by deactivating β1 integrins through enzymatic cleavage of the focal adhesion adaptor protein talin-1. Consequently, targeted downregulation or pharmacological inhibition of calpain-2 restored talin-1 integrity and β1 integrin engagement and reverted amoeboid to elongated phenotypes under hypoxia. Calpain-2 activity was required for hypoxia-induced amoeboid conversion in the orthotopic mouse dermis and upregulated in invasive HN tumor xenografts in vivo, and attenuation of calpain activity prevented hypoxia-induced metastasis to the lungs. This identifies the calpain-2/talin-1/β1 integrin axis as a druggable mechanosignaling program that conserves energy yet enables metastatic dissemination that can be reverted by interfering with calpain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Te Boekhorst
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Liying Jiang
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marius Mählen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Meerlo
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gina Dunkel
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska C Durst
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Friedl
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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37
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Gasparski AN, Mason DE, Moissoglu K, Mili S. Regulation and outcomes of localized RNA translation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1721. [PMID: 35166036 PMCID: PMC9787767 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spatial segregation of mRNAs in the cytoplasm of cells is a well-known biological phenomenon that is widely observed in diverse species spanning different kingdoms of life. In mammalian cells, localization of mRNAs has been documented and studied quite extensively in highly polarized cells, most notably in neurons, where localized mRNAs function to direct protein production at sites that are quite distant from the soma. Recent studies have strikingly revealed that a large proportion of the cellular transcriptome exhibits polarized distributions even in cells that lack an obvious need for long-range transport, such as fibroblasts or epithelial cells. This review focuses on emerging concepts regarding the functional outcomes of mRNA targeting in the cytoplasm of such cells. We also discuss regulatory mechanisms controlling these events, with an emphasis on the role of cell mechanics and the organization of the cytoskeleton. This article is categorized under: Translation > Regulation RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Gasparski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Devon E. Mason
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Konstadinos Moissoglu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Stavroula Mili
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
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38
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Xu G, Huang Z, Sheng J, Gao X, Wang X, Garcia JQ, Wei G, Liu D, Gong J. FGF binding protein 3 is required for spinal cord motor neuron development and regeneration in zebrafish. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113944. [PMID: 34896115 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor binding protein 3 (Fgfbp3) have been known to be crucial for the process of neural proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion. However, the specific role and the molecular mechanisms of fgfbp3 in regulating the development of motor neurons remain unclear. In this study, we have investigated the function of fgfbp3 in morphogenesis and regeneration of motor neuron in zebrafish. Firstly, we found that fgfbp3 was localized in the motor neurons and loss of fgfbp3 caused the significant decrease of the length and branching number of the motor neuron axons, which could be partially rescued by fgfbp3 mRNA injection. Moreover, the fgfbp3 knockdown (KD) embryos demonstrated similar defects of motor neurons as identified in fgfbp3 knockout (KO) embryos. Furthermore, we revealed that the locomotion and startle response of fgfbp3 KO embryos were significantly restricted, which were partially rescued by the fgfbp3 overexpression. In addition, fgfbp3 KO remarkably compromised axonal regeneration of motor neurons after injury. Lastly, the malformation of motor neurons in fgfbp3 KO embryos was rescued by overexpressing drd1b or neurod6a, respectively, which were screened by transcriptome sequencing. Taken together, our results provide strong cellular and molecular evidence that fgfbp3 is crucial for the axonal morphogenesis and regeneration of motor neurons in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Xu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zigang Huang
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiajing Sheng
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jason Q Garcia
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Guanyun Wei
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Jie Gong
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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39
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Ishikawa-Ankerhold HC, Kurzbach S, Kinali AS, Müller-Taubenberger A. Formation of Cytoplasmic Actin-Cofilin Rods is Triggered by Metabolic Stress and Changes in Cellular pH. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:742310. [PMID: 34869330 PMCID: PMC8635511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.742310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin dynamics plays a crucial role in regulating essential cell functions and thereby is largely responsible to a considerable extent for cellular energy consumption. Certain pathological conditions in humans, like neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as variants of nemaline myopathy are associated with cytoskeletal abnormalities, so-called actin-cofilin rods. Actin-cofilin rods are aggregates consisting mainly of actin and cofilin, which are formed as a result of cellular stress and thereby help to ensure the survival of cells under unfavorable conditions. We have used Dictyostelium discoideum, an established model system for cytoskeletal research to study formation and principles of cytoplasmic actin rod assembly in response to energy depletion. Experimentally, depletion of ATP was provoked by addition of either sodium azide, dinitrophenol, or 2-deoxy-glucose, and the formation of rod assembly was recorded by live-cell imaging. Furthermore, we show that hyperosmotic shock induces actin-cofilin rods, and that a drop in the intracellular pH accompanies this condition. Our data reveal that acidification of the cytoplasm can induce the formation of actin-cofilin rods to varying degrees and suggest that a local reduction in cellular pH may be a cause for the formation of cytoplasmic rods. We hypothesize that local phase separation mechanistically triggers the assembly of actin-cofilin rods and thereby influences the material properties of actin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen C Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Kurzbach
- Department of Cell Biology (Anatomy III), Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arzu S Kinali
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Surendran A, Forbes Dewey C, Low BC, Tucker-Kellogg L. A computational model of mutual antagonism in the mechano-signaling network of RhoA and nitric oxide. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:47. [PMID: 34635055 PMCID: PMC8507106 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhoA is a master regulator of cytoskeletal contractility, while nitric oxide (NO) is a master regulator of relaxation, e.g., vasodilation. There are multiple forms of cross-talk between the RhoA/ROCK pathway and the eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway, but previous work has not studied their interplay at a systems level. Literature review suggests that the majority of their cross-talk interactions are antagonistic, which motivates us to ask whether the RhoA and NO pathways exhibit mutual antagonism in vitro, and if so, to seek the theoretical implications of their mutual antagonism. RESULTS Experiments found mutual antagonism between RhoA and NO in epithelial cells. Since mutual antagonism is a common motif for bistability, we sought to explore through theoretical simulations whether the RhoA-NO network is capable of bistability. Qualitative modeling showed that there are parameters that can cause bistable switching in the RhoA-NO network, and that the robustness of the bistability would be increased by positive feedback between RhoA and mechanical tension. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the RhoA-NO bistability is robust enough in silico to warrant the investment of further experimental testing. Tension-dependent bistability has the potential to create sharp concentration gradients, which could contribute to the localization and self-organization of signaling domains during cytoskeletal remodeling and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Surendran
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Assistive Technology & Innovation, National Institute of Speech & Hearing, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - C Forbes Dewey
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Departments, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational Systems Biology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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41
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Different changes in pre- and postsynaptic components in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after transient global cerebral ischemia. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:345-360. [PMID: 34626230 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, ischemia-induced damage to dendritic spines has attracted considerable attention, while the possible effects of ischemia on presynaptic components has received relatively less attention. To further examine ischemia-induced changes in pre- and postsynaptic specializations in the hippocampal CA1 subfield, we modeled global cerebral ischemia with two-stage 4-vessel-occlusion in rats, and found that three postsynaptic markers, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and filamentous F-actin (F-actin), were all substantially decreased in the CA1 subfield after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Although no significant change was detected in synapsin I, a presynaptic marker, in the CA1 subfield at the protein level, confocal microscopy revealed that the number and size of synapsin I puncta were significantly changed in the CA1 stratum radiatum after I/R. The size of synapsin I puncta became slightly, but significantly reduced on Day 1.5 after I/R. From Days 2 to 7 after I/R, the number of synapsin I puncta became moderately decreased, while the size of synapsin I puncta was significantly increased. Interestingly, some enlarged puncta of synapsin I were observed in close proximity to the dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells. Due to the more substantial decrease in the number of F-actin puncta, the ratio of synapsin I/F-actin puncta was significantly increased after I/R. The decrease in synapsin I puncta size in the early stage of I/R may be the result of excessive neurotransmitter release due to I/R-induced hyperexcitability in CA3 pyramidal cells, while the increase in synapsin I puncta in the later stage of I/R may reflect a disability of synaptic vesicle release due to the loss of postsynaptic contacts.
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Myrka A, Buck L. Cytoskeletal Arrest: An Anoxia Tolerance Mechanism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080561. [PMID: 34436502 PMCID: PMC8401981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of actin filaments and microtubules constitutes a ubiquitous demand for cellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP). In anoxia-tolerant animals, ATP consumption is minimized during overwintering conditions, but little is known about the role of cell structure in anoxia tolerance. Studies of overwintering mammals have revealed that microtubule stability in neurites is reduced at low temperature, resulting in withdrawal of neurites and reduced abundance of excitatory synapses. Literature for turtles is consistent with a similar downregulation of peripheral cytoskeletal activity in brain and liver during anoxic overwintering. Downregulation of actin dynamics, as well as modification to microtubule organization, may play vital roles in facilitating anoxia tolerance. Mitochondrial calcium release occurs during anoxia in turtle neurons, and subsequent activation of calcium-binding proteins likely regulates cytoskeletal stability. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can lead to catastrophic cytoskeletal damage during overwintering and ROS production can be regulated by the dynamics of mitochondrial interconnectivity. Therefore, suppression of ROS formation is likely an important aspect of cytoskeletal arrest. Furthermore, gasotransmitters can regulate ROS levels, as well as cytoskeletal contractility and rearrangement. In this review we will explore the energetic costs of cytoskeletal activity, the cellular mechanisms regulating it, and the potential for cytoskeletal arrest being an important mechanism permitting long-term anoxia survival in anoxia-tolerant species, such as the western painted turtle and goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Myrka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada;
| | - Leslie Buck
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-978-3506
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43
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Lin S, Li Y, Wang D, Huang C, Marino D, Bollt O, Wu C, Taylor MD, Li W, DeNicola GM, Hao J, Singh PK, Yang S. Fascin promotes lung cancer growth and metastasis by enhancing glycolysis and PFKFB3 expression. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:230-242. [PMID: 34303764 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fascin is a pro-metastatic actin-bundling protein that is upregulated in all metastatic carcinomas. Fascin promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by facilitating membrane protrusions, such as filopodia and invadopodia. Aerobic glycolysis is a key feature of cancer metabolism and provides critical intermediate metabolites for tumor growth. Here, we report that fascin increases glycolysis in lung cancer to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Fascin promotes glycolytic flux by increasing the expression and activities of phosphofructose-kinases 1 and 2 (PFK1 and 2). Fascin mediates glycolytic functions via activation of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) through its canonical actin-bundling activity by promoting the binding of YAP1 to a TEAD1/4 binding motif located 30 bp upstream of the PFKFB3 transcription start site to activate its transcription. Examination of the TCGA database suggests that the fascin-YAP1-PFKFB3 axis is likely conserved across different types of cancers. Importantly, pharmacological inhibitors of fascin suppressed YAP1-PFKFB3 signaling and glycolysis in cancer cell lines, organoid cultures, and xenograft metastasis models. Taken together, our data reveal that the glycolytic function of fascin is essential for the promotion of lung cancer growth and metabolism, and suggest that pharmacological inhibitors of fascin may be used to reprogram cancer metabolism in lung and potentially other cancers with fascin upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yunzhan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chongbiao Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - David Marino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Oana Bollt
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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44
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Zanotelli MR, Zhang J, Reinhart-King CA. Mechanoresponsive metabolism in cancer cell migration and metastasis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1307-1321. [PMID: 33915111 PMCID: PMC9015673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered tissue mechanics and metabolism are defining characteristics of cancer that impact not only proliferation but also migration. While migrating through a mechanically and spatially heterogeneous microenvironment, changes in metabolism allow cells to dynamically tune energy generation and bioenergetics in response to fluctuating energy needs. Physical cues from the extracellular matrix influence mechanosignaling pathways, cell mechanics, and cytoskeletal architecture to alter presentation and function of metabolic enzymes. In cancer, altered mechanosensing and metabolic reprogramming supports metabolic plasticity and high energy production while cells migrate and metastasize. Here, we discuss the role of mechanoresponsive metabolism in regulating cell migration and supporting metastasis as well as the potential of therapeutically targeting cancer metabolism to block motility and potentially metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Zanotelli
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Aghanoori MR, Margulets V, Smith DR, Kirshenbaum LA, Gitler D, Fernyhough P. Sensory neurons derived from diabetic rats exhibit deficits in functional glycolysis and ATP that are ameliorated by IGF-1. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101191. [PMID: 33592336 PMCID: PMC7940986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The distal dying-back of the longest nerve fibres is a hallmark of diabetic neuropathy, and impaired provision of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may contribute to this neurodegenerative process. We hypothesised that energy supplementation via glycolysis and/or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is compromised in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons from diabetic rodents, thus contributing to axonal degeneration. Functional analysis of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration and real-time measurement of ATP levels in live cells were our specific means to test this hypothesis. METHODS DRG neuron cultures from age-matched control or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats were used for in vitro studies. Three plasmids containing ATP biosensors of varying affinities were transfected into neurons to study endogenous ATP levels in real time. The Seahorse XF analyser was used for glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration measurements. RESULTS Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency (YFP/CFP ratio) of the ATP biosensors AT1.03 (low affinity) and AT1.03YEMK (medium affinity) were significantly higher than that measured using the ATP-insensitive construct AT1.03R122/6K in both cell bodies and neurites of DRG neurons (p < 0.0001). The ATP level was homogenous along the axons but higher in cell bodies in cultured DRG neurons from both control and diabetic rats. Treatment with oligomycin (an ATP synthase inhibitor in mitochondria) decreased the ATP levels in cultured DRG neurons. Likewise, blockade of glycolysis using 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG: a glucose analogue) reduced ATP levels (p < 0.001). Cultured DRG neurons derived from diabetic rats showed a diminishment of ATP levels (p < 0.01), glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve and non-glycolytic acidification. Application of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) significantly elevated all the above parameters in DRG neurons from diabetic rats. Oligomycin pre-treatment of DRG neurons, to block oxidative phosphorylation, depleted the glycolytic reserve and lowered basal respiration in sensory neurons derived from control and diabetic rats. Depletion was much higher in sensory neurons from diabetic rats compared to control rats. In addition, an acute increase in glucose concentration, in the presence or absence of oligomycin, elevated parameters of glycolysis by 1.5- to 2-fold while having no impact on mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSION We provide the first functional evidence for decreased glycolytic capacity in DRG neurons derived from type 1 diabetic rats. IGF-1 protected against the loss of ATP supplies in DRG cell bodies and axons in neurons derived from diabetic rats by augmenting various parameters of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vicky Margulets
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darrell R Smith
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Ankyrin G organizes membrane components to promote coupling of cell mechanics and glucose uptake. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:457-466. [PMID: 33972734 PMCID: PMC8428240 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The response of cells to forces is critical for their function and occurs via rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton1. Cytoskeletal remodelling is energetically costly2,3, yet how cells signal for nutrient uptake remains undefined. Here we present evidence that force transmission increases glucose uptake by stimulating glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). GLUT1 recruitment to and retention at sites of force transmission requires non-muscle myosin IIA-mediated contractility and ankyrin G. Ankyrin G forms a bridge between the force-transducing receptors and GLUT1. This bridge is critical for enabling cells under tension to tune glucose uptake to support remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of an epithelial barrier. Collectively, these data reveal an unexpected mechanism for how cells under tension take up nutrients and provide insight into how defects in glucose transport and mechanics might be linked.
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Amersfoort J, Schaftenaar FH, Douna H, van Santbrink PJ, van Puijvelde GHM, Slütter B, Foks AC, Harms A, Moreno-Gordaliza E, Wang Y, Hankemeier T, Bot I, Chi H, Kuiper J. Diet-induced dyslipidemia induces metabolic and migratory adaptations in regulatory T cells. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1309-1324. [PMID: 32653923 PMCID: PMC8064436 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A hallmark of advanced atherosclerosis is inadequate immunosuppression by regulatory T (Treg) cells inside atherosclerotic lesions. Dyslipidemia has been suggested to alter Treg cell migration by affecting the expression of specific membrane proteins, thereby decreasing Treg cell migration towards atherosclerotic lesions. Besides membrane proteins, cellular metabolism has been shown to be a crucial factor in Treg cell migration. We aimed to determine whether dyslipidemia contributes to altered migration of Treg cells, in part, by affecting cellular metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Dyslipidemia was induced by feeding Ldlr-/- mice a western-type diet for 16-20 weeks and intrinsic changes in Treg cells affecting their migration and metabolism were examined. Dyslipidemia was associated with altered mTORC2 signalling in Treg cells, decreased expression of membrane proteins involved in migration, including CD62L, CCR7, and S1Pr1, and decreased Treg cell migration towards lymph nodes. Furthermore, we discovered that diet-induced dyslipidemia inhibited mTORC1 signalling, induced PPARδ activation and increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation in Treg cells. Moreover, mass-spectrometry analysis of serum from Ldlr-/- mice with normolipidemia or dyslipidemia showed increases in multiple PPARδ ligands during dyslipidemia. Treatment with a synthetic PPARδ agonist increased the migratory capacity of Treg cells in vitro and in vivo in an FA oxidation-dependent manner. Furthermore, diet-induced dyslipidemia actually enhanced Treg cell migration into the inflamed peritoneum and into atherosclerotic lesions in vitro. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings implicate that dyslipidemia does not contribute to atherosclerosis by impairing Treg cell migration as dyslipidemia associated with an effector-like migratory phenotype in Treg cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dyslipidemias/genetics
- Dyslipidemias/immunology
- Dyslipidemias/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Oxidation-Reduction
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Amersfoort
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Douna
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van Santbrink
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H M van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Division of Biomedicine and Systems Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Biomedicine and Systems Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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Fross S, Mansel C, McCormick M, Vohra BPS. Tributyltin Alters Calcium Levels, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Activates Calpains Within Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:342-355. [PMID: 33481012 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) remains a global health concern. The primary route of human exposure to TBT is either through ingestion or skin absorption, but TBT's effects on the peripheral nervous system have still not been investigated. Therefore, we exposed in vitro sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to TBT at a concentration of 50-200 nM, which is similar to the observed concentrations of TBT in human blood samples. We observed that TBT causes extensive axon degeneration and neuronal death in the DRG neurons. Furthermore, we discovered that TBT causes an increase in both cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium levels, disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, decreases neuronal ATP levels, and leads to the activation of calpains. Additional experiments demonstrated that inhibition of calpain activation prevented TBT-induced fragmentation of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins and neuronal cell death. Thus, we conclude that calpain activation is the key executioner of TBT-induced peripheral neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaneann Fross
- Department of Biology, William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri 64068, USA
| | - Clayton Mansel
- Department of Biology, William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri 64068, USA
| | - Madison McCormick
- Department of Biology, William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri 64068, USA
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49
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Watchaputi K, Somboon P, Phromma-in N, Ratanakhanokchai K, Soontorngun N. Actin cytoskeletal inhibitor 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q sensitizes yeast cells lacking ERG6 through actin-targeting and secondarily through disruption of lipid homeostasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7779. [PMID: 33833332 PMCID: PMC8032726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive uses of antifungals result in a worldwide crisis of drug resistance; therefore, natural fungicides with minimal side-effects are currently sought after. This study aimed to investigate antifungal property of 19, 20-epoxycytochalasin Q (ECQ), derived from medicinal mushroom Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 of tropical forests. In a model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ECQ is more toxic in the erg6∆ strain, which has previously been shown to allow higher uptake of many hydrophilic toxins. We selected one pathway to study the effects of ECQ at very high levels on transcription: the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, which is unlikely to be the primary target of ECQ. Ergosterol serves many functions that cholesterol does in human cells. ECQ's transcriptional effects were correlated with altered sterol and triacylglycerol levels. In the ECQ-treated Δerg6 strain, which presumably takes up far more ECQ than the wild-type strain, there was cell rupture. Increased actin aggregation and lipid droplets assembly were also found in the erg6∆ mutant. Thereby, ECQ is suggested to sensitize yeast cells lacking ERG6 through actin-targeting and consequently but not primarily led to disruption of lipid homeostasis. Investigation of cytochalasins may provide valuable insight with potential biopharmaceutical applications in treatments of fungal infection, cancer or metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanrutai Watchaputi
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Pichayada Somboon
- grid.419784.70000 0001 0816 7508Division of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520 Thailand
| | - Nipatthra Phromma-in
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
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50
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Evers TMJ, Holt LJ, Alberti S, Mashaghi A. Reciprocal regulation of cellular mechanics and metabolism. Nat Metab 2021; 3:456-468. [PMID: 33875882 PMCID: PMC8863344 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and mechanics are intrinsically intertwined. External forces, sensed through the cytoskeleton or distortion of the cell and organelles, induce metabolic changes in the cell. The resulting changes in metabolism, in turn, feed back to regulate every level of cell biology, including the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. Here we examine the links between metabolism and mechanics, highlighting signalling pathways involved in the regulation and response to cellular mechanosensing. We consider how forces and metabolism regulate one another through nanoscale molecular sensors, micrometre-scale cytoskeletal networks, organelles and dynamic biomolecular condensates. Understanding this cross-talk will create diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for metabolic disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular pathologies and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M J Evers
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Liam J Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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