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Chen J, Zeng X, Wang L, Zhang W, Li G, Cheng X, Su P, Wan Y, Li X. Mutual regulation of microglia and astrocytes after Gas6 inhibits spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:557-573. [PMID: 38819067 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00032/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord injury. Microglia and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close interaction. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we found that after spinal cord injury, resting microglia (M0) were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes (MG1 and MG3), while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming phenotypes. The expression of growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord injury. In vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia, and even inhibited the cross-regulation between them. We further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling pathway. This, in turn, inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord, thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function recovery. Overall, Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord injury. It can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes, attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment, and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Yang X, Sun A, Kong L, Yang X, Zhao X, Wang S. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome alleviates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis induced by active immunization. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112374. [PMID: 38851162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neurological disorder, characterized by cognitive deficits as one of its vital features. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key contributor to neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in neurological diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of anti-NMDAR encephalitis remains unclear, and the biological function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in this condition has not been elucidated. In this study, a mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was induced by active immunization with the GluN1356-385 peptide (NEA model). The NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus and temporal cortex was investigated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The impact of MCC950 on cognitive function and NLRP3 inflammation was assessed. Confocal immunofluorescence staining and Sholl analysis were employed to examine the function and morphology of microglia. In the current study, we discovered overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and an enhanced inflammatory response in the NEA model, particularly in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. Furthermore, significant cognitive dysfunction was observed in the NEA model. While, MCC950, a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, sharply attenuated the inflammatory response in mice, leading to mitigated cognitive deficits of mice and more regular arrangements of neurons and reduced number of hyperchromatic cells were also observed in the hippocampus area. In addition, we found that the excess elevation of NLRP3 inflammasome was mainly expressed in microglia accompanied with the overactivation of microglia, while MCC950 treatment significantly inhibited the increased number and activated morphological changes of microglia in the NEA model. Altogether, our study reveals the vital role of overactivated NLRP3 signaling pathway in aggravating the inflammatory response and cognitive deficits and the potential protective effect of MCC950 in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Thus, MCC950 represents a promising strategy for anti-inflammation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and our study lays a theoretical foundation for it to become a clinically targeted drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Anqi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Liangbo Kong
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuhe Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
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Shao J, Deng Q, Feng S, Wu C, Liu X, Yang L. Role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the impact of exercise-induced remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150418. [PMID: 39032410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating brain disorder that worsens progressively with age, characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) leading to amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylation of Tau, resulting in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), are primary pathological features of AD. Despite significant research investment and effort, therapies targeting Aβ and NFTs have proven limited in efficacy for treating or slowing AD progression. Consequently, there is a growing interest in non-invasive therapeutic strategies for AD prevention. Exercise, a low-cost and non-invasive intervention, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective potential in AD prevention. Astrocytes, among the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play essential roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in AD initiation and progression. Exercise delays pathological progression and mitigates cognitive dysfunction in AD by modulating astrocyte morphological and phenotypic changes and fostering crosstalk with other glial cells. This review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how exercise influences astrocyte dynamics in AD, with a focus on elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte remodeling. The review begins with an overview of the neuropathological changes observed in AD, followed by an examination of astrocyte dysfunction as a feature of the disease. Lastly, the review explores the potential therapeutic implications of exercise-induced astrocyte remodeling in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianting Deng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Kim M, Oh S, Kim S, Kim IS, Kim J, Han J, Ahn JW, Chung S, Jang JH, Shin JE, Park KI. In vivo neural regeneration via AAV-NeuroD1 gene delivery to astrocytes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:33. [PMID: 39014391 PMCID: PMC11253351 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a significant contributor to neonatal mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental disability, characterized by massive neuronal loss and reactive astrogliosis. Current therapeutic approaches for neonatal HIBI have been limited to general supportive therapy because of the lack of methods to compensate for irreversible neuronal loss. This study aimed to establish a feasible regenerative therapy for neonatal HIBI utilizing in vivo direct neuronal reprogramming technology. METHODS Neonatal HIBI was induced in ICR mice at postnatal day 7 by permanent right common carotid artery occlusion and exposure to hypoxia with 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 90 min. Three days after the injury, NeuroD1 was delivered to reactive astrocytes of the injury site using the astrocyte-tropic adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector AAVShH19. AAVShH19 was engineered with the Cre-FLEX system for long-term tracking of infected cells. RESULTS AAVShH19-mediated ectopic NeuroD1 expression effectively converted astrocytes into GABAergic neurons, and the converted cells exhibited electrophysiological properties and synaptic transmitters. Additionally, we found that NeuroD1-mediated in vivo direct neuronal reprogramming protected injured host neurons and altered the host environment, i.e., decreased the numbers of activated microglia, reactive astrocytes, and toxic A1-type astrocytes, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, NeuroD1-treated mice exhibited significantly improved motor functions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NeuroD1-mediated in vivo direct neuronal reprogramming technology through AAV gene delivery can be a novel regenerative therapy for neonatal HIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sun Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joowon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Ahn
- BnH Research. Co., Ltd. Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- GluGene Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Shin
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kook In Park
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Siddiqui AM, Sabljic TF, Ball AK. Anatomical location of injected microglia in different activation states and time course of injury determines survival of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:677-699. [PMID: 36371721 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2142579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Activated microglia release harmful substances to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but may also benefit by removing cellular debris and secreting neurotrophic factors. These paradoxical roles remain controversial because the nature and time-course of the injury that defines their role is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if pharmacological manipulation of microglia to acquire a pro-inflammatory or pro-survival phenotype will exacerbate or enhance neuronal survival after injury.Material and methods: Treated HAP I (highly aggressively proliferating immortalized) microglia were injected into the vitreous or tail vein (T V) of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Retinas were examined at 4-14 days following optic nerve crush (ONC) and the number of surviving RGCs was determined.Results: Injection of untreated HAP I cells resulted in the greater loss of RGCs early after ONC when injected into the vitreous and later after ONC when injected into the T V. LP S activated HAP I cells injected into the vitreous resulted in greater RGC loss with and without injury. When injected into the T V with ONC there was no loss of RGCs 4 days after ONC but greater loss afterwards. Minocycline treated HAP I cells injected into the vitreous resulted in greater RGC survival than untreated HAP I cells. However, when injected into the T V with ONC there was greater loss of RGCs. These results suggest that optic nerve signals attract extrinsic microglia to the retina, resulting in a proinflammatory response.Conclusion: Neuroprotection or cytotoxicity of microglia depends on the type of activation, time course of the injury, and if they act on the axon or cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad M Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas F Sabljic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander K Ball
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Kim JH, Michiko N, Choi IS, Kim Y, Jeong JY, Lee MG, Jang IS, Suk K. Aberrant activation of hippocampal astrocytes causes neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002687. [PMID: 38991663 PMCID: PMC11239238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in diverse neuropathologies; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to identify the crucial roles of the hippocampal CA1 astrocytes in cognitive decline. Our results showed that repeated optogenetic stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 astrocytes induced cognitive impairment in mice and decreased synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP), which was accompanied by the appearance of inflammatory astrocytes. Mechanistic studies conducted using knockout animal models and hippocampal neuronal cultures showed that lipocalin-2 (LCN2), derived from reactive astrocytes, mediated neuroinflammation and induced cognitive impairment by decreasing the LTP through the reduction of neuronal NMDA receptors. Sustained chemogenetic stimulation of hippocampal astrocytes provided similar results. Conversely, these phenomena were attenuated by a metabolic inhibitor of astrocytes. Fiber photometry using GCaMP revealed a high level of hippocampal astrocyte activation in the neuroinflammation model. Our findings suggest that reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus are sufficient and required to induce cognitive decline through LCN2 release and synaptic modulation. This abnormal glial-neuron interaction may contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive disturbances in neuroinflammation-associated brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakamura Michiko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Maan-Gee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Wikarska A, Roszak K, Roszek K. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Purinergic Signaling in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Bridging the Gap between Cell-Based Strategies and Neuro-Immune Modulation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1310. [PMID: 38927517 PMCID: PMC11201695 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still increasing, which means that this neurodevelopmental lifelong pathology requires special scientific attention and efforts focused on developing novel therapeutic approaches. It has become increasingly evident that neuroinflammation and dysregulation of neuro-immune cross-talk are specific hallmarks of ASD, offering the possibility to treat these disorders by factors modulating neuro-immunological interactions. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has already been postulated as one of the therapeutic approaches for ASD; however, less is known about the molecular mechanisms of stem cell influence. One of the possibilities, although still underestimated, is the paracrine purinergic activity of MSCs, by which stem cells ameliorate inflammatory reactions. Modulation of adenosine signaling may help restore neurotransmitter balance, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve overall brain function in individuals with ASD. In our review article, we present a novel insight into purinergic signaling, including but not limited to the adenosinergic pathway and its role in neuroinflammation and neuro-immune cross-talk modulation. We anticipate that by achieving a greater understanding of the purinergic signaling contribution to ASD and related disorders, novel therapeutic strategies may be devised for patients with autism in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.W.); (K.R.)
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Roy S, Saha P, Bose D, Trivedi A, More M, Lin C, Wu J, Oakes M, Chatterjee S. Periodic heat waves-induced neuronal etiology in the elderly is mediated by gut-liver-brain axis: a transcriptome profiling approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10555. [PMID: 38719902 PMCID: PMC11079080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress exposure in intermittent heat waves and subsequent exposure during war theaters pose a clinical challenge that can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and long-term complications in the elderly. Using an aged mouse model and high-throughput sequencing, this study investigated the molecular dynamics of the liver-brain connection during heat stress exposure. Distinctive gene expression patterns induced by periodic heat stress emerged in both brain and liver tissues. An altered transcriptome profile showed heat stress-induced altered acute phase response pathways, causing neural, hepatic, and systemic inflammation and impaired synaptic plasticity. Results also demonstrated that proinflammatory molecules such as S100B, IL-17, IL-33, and neurological disease signaling pathways were upregulated, while protective pathways like aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling were downregulated. In parallel, Rantes, IRF7, NOD1/2, TREM1, and hepatic injury signaling pathways were upregulated. Furthermore, current research identified Orosomucoid 2 (ORM2) in the liver as one of the mediators of the liver-brain axis due to heat exposure. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling in elderly heat-stressed mice revealed a coordinated network of liver-brain axis pathways with increased hepatic ORM2 secretion, possibly due to gut inflammation and dysbiosis. The above secretion of ORM2 may impact the brain through a leaky blood-brain barrier, thus emphasizing intricate multi-organ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Roy
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ayushi Trivedi
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Madhura More
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christina Lin
- Genomics Research and Technology Hub, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Genomics Research and Technology Hub, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Melanie Oakes
- Genomics Research and Technology Hub, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Long Beach VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA.
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Jin X, Si X, Lei X, Liu H, Shao A, Li L. Disruption of Dopamine Homeostasis Associated with Alteration of Proteins in Synaptic Vesicles: A Putative Central Mechanism of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1204-1226. [PMID: 37815908 PMCID: PMC11081171 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestigial dopaminergic cells in PD have selectivity for a sub-class of hypersensitive neurons with the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) tract. DA is modulated in pre-synaptic nerve terminals to remain stable. To be specific, proteins at DA release sites that have a function of synthesizing and packing DA in cytoplasm, modulating release and reingestion, and changing excitability of neurons, display regional discrepancies that uncover relevancy of the observed sensitivity to neurodegenerative changes. Although the reasons of a majority of PD cases are still indistinct, heredity and environment are known to us to make significant influences. For decades, genetic analysis of PD patients with heredity in family have promoted our comprehension of pathogenesis to a great extent, which reveals correlative mechanisms including oxidative stress, abnormal protein homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we review the constitution of presynaptic vesicle related to DA homeostasis and describe the genetic and environmental evidence of presynaptic dysfunction that increase risky possibility of PD concerning intracellular vesicle transmission and their functional outcomes. We summarize alterations in synaptic vesicular proteins with great involvement in the reasons of some DA neurons highly vulnerable to neurodegenerative changes. We generalize different potential targets and therapeutic strategies for different pathogenic mechanisms, providing a reference for further studies of PD treatment in the future. But it remains to be further researched on this recently discovered and converging mechanism of vesicular dynamics and PD, which will provide a more profound comprehension and put up with new therapeutic tactics for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxiang Jin
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Huifang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Sun M, Rong J, Zhou M, Liu Y, Sun S, Liu L, Cai D, Liang F, Zhao L. Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk: A Novel Target for the Treatment of Migraine. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1277-1288. [PMID: 37450927 PMCID: PMC11081170 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a pervasive neurologic disease closely related to neurogenic inflammation. The astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system are vital in inducing neurogenic inflammation in migraine. Recently, it has been found that there may be a crosstalk phenomenon between microglia and astrocytes, which plays a crucial part in the pathology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system diseases closely related to inflammation, thus becoming a novel hotspot in neuroimmune research. However, the role of the crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine is yet to be discussed. Based on the preliminary literature reports, we have reviewed relevant evidence of the crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of migraine and summarized the crosstalk pathways, thereby hoping to provide novel ideas for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Rong
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingjun Cai
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Lee SH, Suh JH, Heo MJ, Choi JM, Yang Y, Jung HJ, Gao Z, Yu Y, Jung SY, Kolonin MG, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Eltzschig HK, Ju C, Moore DD, Kim KH. The Hepatokine Orosomucoid 2 Mediates Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Bile Acids. Diabetes 2024; 73:701-712. [PMID: 38320268 PMCID: PMC11043061 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are pleiotropic regulators of metabolism. Elevated levels of hepatic and circulating BAs improve energy metabolism in peripheral organs, but the precise mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits and harm still need to be fully understood. In the current study, we identified orosomucoid 2 (ORM2) as a liver-secreted hormone (i.e., hepatokine) induced by BAs and investigated its role in BA-induced metabolic improvements in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. Contrary to our expectation, under a high-fat diet (HFD), our Orm2 knockout (Orm2-KO) exhibited a lean phenotype compared with C57BL/6J control, partly due to the increased energy expenditure. However, when challenged with a HFD supplemented with cholic acid, Orm2-KO eliminated the antiobesity effect of BAs, indicating that ORM2 governs BA-induced metabolic improvements. Moreover, hepatic ORM2 overexpression partially replicated BA effects by enhancing insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, ORM2 suppressed interferon-γ/STAT1 activities in inguinal white adipose tissue depots, forming the basis for anti-inflammatory effects of BAs and improving glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of BA-induced liver-adipose cross talk through ORM2 induction. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Mi Jeong Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Systems Onco-Immunology Laboratory, David J. Sugarbaker Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Hyun-Jung Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aaron R. Cox
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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12
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Che Y, Ren J, Zhao H, Yang Y, Chen Z. Orosomucoid 2 as a biomarker of carotid artery atherosclerosis plaque vulnerability through its generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149736. [PMID: 38447392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orosomucoid (ORM) has been reported as a biomarker of carotid atherosclerosis, but the role of ORM 2, a subtype of ORM, in carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation and the underlying mechanism have not been established. METHODS Plasma was collected from patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and healthy participants and assessed using mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology to identify differentially expressed proteins. The key proteins and related pathways were identified via western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction of carotid artery plaque tissues and in vitro experiments involving vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). RESULTS We screened 33 differentially expressed proteins out of 535 proteins in the plasma. Seventeen proteins showed increased expressions in the CAS groups relative to the healthy groups, while 16 proteins showed decreased expressions during iTRAQ and bioinformatic analysis. The reactive oxygen species metabolic process was the most common enrichment pathway identified by Gene Ontology analysis, while ORM2, PRDX2, GPX3, HP, HBB, ANXA5, PFN1, CFL1, and S100A11 were key proteins identified by STRING and MCODE analysis. ORM2 showed increased expression in patients with CAS plaques, and ORM2 was accumulated in smooth muscle cells. Oleic acid increased the lipid accumulation and ORM2 and PRDX6 expressions in the VSMCs. The recombinant-ORM2 also increased the lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the VSMCs. The expressions of ORM2 and PRDX-6 were correlated, and MJ33 (an inhibitor of PRDX6-PLA2) decreased ROS production and lipid accumulation in VSMCs. CONCLUSION ORM2 may be a biomarker for CAS; it induced lipid accumulation and ROS production in VSMCs during atherosclerosis plaque formation. However, the relationships between ORM2 and PRDX-6 underlying lipid accumulation-induced plaque vulnerability require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Che
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinrui Ren
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yaoguo Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Ayerra L, Abellanas MA, Basurco L, Tamayo I, Conde E, Tavira A, Trigo A, Vidaurre C, Vilas A, San Martin-Uriz P, Luquin E, Clavero P, Mengual E, Hervás-Stubbs S, Aymerich MS. Nigrostriatal degeneration determines dynamics of glial inflammatory and phagocytic activity. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:92. [PMID: 38610019 PMCID: PMC11015575 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are key players in the initiation of innate immunity in neurodegeneration. Upon damage, they switch their basal activation state and acquire new functions in a context and time-dependent manner. Since modulation of neuroinflammation is becoming an interesting approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, it is crucial to understand the specific contribution of these cells to the inflammatory reaction and to select experimental models that recapitulate what occurs in the human disease. Previously, we have characterized a region-specific activation pattern of CD11b+ cells and astrocytes in the α-synuclein overexpression mouse model of Parkinson´s disease (PD). In this study we hypothesized that the time and the intensity of dopaminergic neuronal death would promote different glial activation states. Dopaminergic degeneration was induced with two administration regimens of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), subacute (sMPTP) and chronic (cMPTP). Our results show that in the sMPTP mouse model, the pro-inflammatory phenotype of striatal CD11b+ cells was counteracted by an anti-inflammatory astrocytic profile. In the midbrain the roles were inverted, CD11b+ cells exhibited an anti-inflammatory profile and astrocytes were pro-inflammatory. The overall response generated resulted in decreased CD4 T cell infiltration in both regions. Chronic MPTP exposure resulted in a mild and prolonged neuronal degeneration that generated a pro-inflammatory response and increased CD4 T cell infiltration in both regions. At the onset of the neurodegenerative process, microglia and astrocytes cooperated in the removal of dopaminergic terminals. With time, only microglia maintained the phagocytic activity. In the ventral midbrain, astrocytes were the main phagocytic mediators at early stages of degeneration while microglia were the major phagocytic cells in the chronic state. In this scenario, we questioned which activation pattern recapitulates better the features of glial activation in PD. Glial activation in the cMPTP mouse model reflects many pathways of their corresponding counterparts in the human brain with advanced PD. Altogether, our results point toward a context-dependent cooperativity of microglia/myeloid cells and astrocytes in response to neuronal damage and the relevance of selecting the right experimental models for the study of neuroinflammation.
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Grants
- PI20/01063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI20/01063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI20/01063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI20/01063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI20/01063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI20/01063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI20/01063 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FPU19/03255 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- PC060-061 Dirección General de Industria, Energia y Proyectos Estrategicos S3, Gobierno de Navarra
- PC060-061 Dirección General de Industria, Energia y Proyectos Estrategicos S3, Gobierno de Navarra
- PC060-061 Dirección General de Industria, Energia y Proyectos Estrategicos S3, Gobierno de Navarra
- PC060-061 Dirección General de Industria, Energia y Proyectos Estrategicos S3, Gobierno de Navarra
- PC060-061 Dirección General de Industria, Energia y Proyectos Estrategicos S3, Gobierno de Navarra
- FPU18/02244 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades,Spain
- FPU21/01545 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades,Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Ayerra
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Miguel Angel Abellanas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Leyre Basurco
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | | | - Adriana Tavira
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Amaya Trigo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Clara Vidaurre
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Amaia Vilas
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | | | - Esther Luquin
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Anatomía y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Clavero
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Mengual
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Anatomía y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria S Aymerich
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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14
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Wei X, Wang L, Yang B, Ma Y, Yuan W, Ma J. Orosomucoid 2 upregulation mediates liver injury-induced colorectal cancer liver metastasis by promoting EMT and cell migration. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38475962 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between drug-induced liver injury and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we used carbon tetrachloride to construct a classic mouse liver injury model and injected CT26 colorectal cancer cells into the mouse spleen to simulate the natural route of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Liver injury significantly increased the number of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Transcriptome sequencing and data-independent acquisition protein quantification identified proteins that were significantly differentially expressed in injured livers, and orosomucoid (ORM) 2 was identified as a target protein for tumor liver metastasis. In vitro experiments showed that exogenous ORM2 protein increased the expression of EMT markers such as Twist, Zeb1, Vim, Snail1 and Snail2 and chemokine ligands to promote CT26 cell migration. In addition, liver-specific overexpression of the ORM2 protein in the mouse model significantly promoted tumor cell liver metastasis without inducing liver injury. Our results indicate that drug-induced liver injury can promote colorectal cancer liver metastasis and that ORM2 can promote cell migration by inducing EMT in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xundong Wei
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Medical Laboratory Center, Chifeng Municipal Hospital/Chifeng Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
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15
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He L, Duan X, Li S, Zhang R, Dai X, Lu M. Unveiling the role of astrocytes in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102223. [PMID: 38325753 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, tau tangles, and neuroinflammation in the brain. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by cognitive decline following neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced by procedures. POCD and AD are two conditions that share similarities in the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology. Compared to normal aging individuals, individuals with POCD are at a higher risk for developing AD. Emerging evidence suggests that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Comprehensive functions of astrocyte in AD has been extensively explored, but very little is known about POCD may experience late-onset AD pathogenesis. Herein, in this context, we mainly explore the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the context of POCD, highlighting their involvement in neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter regulation, synaptic plasticity and neurotrophic support, and discuss how POCD may augment the onset of AD. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes to mitigate or prevent POCD, which hold promise for improving the quality of life for patients undergoing surgeries and against AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China.
| | - Xiyuan Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Shikuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Ruqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Xulei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai 050054, China
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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16
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Ren X, Gao X, Li Z, Ding Y, Xu A, Du L, Yang Y, Wang D, Wang Z, Shu S. Electroacupuncture ameliorates neuroinflammation by inhibiting TRPV4 channel in ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14618. [PMID: 38334061 PMCID: PMC10853892 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Shuigou (GV26) and Baihui (GV20) acupoints in the treatment of ischemic stroke. METHODS We assessed the therapeutic effects of EA on MCAO mice through behavioral studies and TTC staining. Various techniques, such as RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blots, were employed to evaluate the activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages, and changes in the TRPV4 ion channel. We used the TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874 (GSK219) to verify the involvement of TRPV4 in the therapeutic effects of EA. RESULTS EA effectively improved neurological impairments and reduced cerebral infarction volume in MCAO mice. It suppressed activated microglia/macrophages and inhibited their polarization toward the M1 phenotype post-MCAO. EA also downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Tnf-α, Il-6, Il-1β, and Ccl-2 mRNA. Furthermore, EA reduced the elevated expression of TRPV4 following MCAO. Treatment with the TRPV4 antagonist GSK219 mirrored the effects of EA in MCAO mice. Notably, the combination of EA and GSK219 did not demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect. CONCLUSION EA may inhibit neuroinflammation and exhibit a protective effect against ischemic brain injury by suppressing TRPV4 and the subsequent M1 polarization of microglia/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyi Gao
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ziqing Li
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yangyang Ding
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ao Xu
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lixia Du
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yufang Yang
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Deheng Wang
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shi Shu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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17
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Kim JD, Copperi F, Diano S. Microglia in Central Control of Metabolism. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 37962895 PMCID: PMC11283896 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
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18
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Li L, Chen J, Sun H, Niu Q, Zhao Y, Yang X, Sun Q. Orm2 Deficiency Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity through Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300236. [PMID: 37853937 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Orosomucoid 2 (Orm2) is a hepatocyte-secreted protein that plays a crucial role in regulating obesity-type metabolic disease and immunity. The imbalance of gut microbiota is one of the causes of obesity, but the mechanism of the relationship between Orm2 and gut microbiota in obesity remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Orm2-/- (Orm2 knockout) mice on a normal diet developed spontaneous obesity and metabolic disturbances at the 20th week. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the study finds that the gut microbiota of Orm2-/- mice has a different microbial composition compared to wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks exacerbates obesity in Orm2-/- mice. Lack of Orm2 promotes dysregulation of gut microbiota under the HFD, especially a reduction of Clostridium spp. Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum alleviates obesity and alters the gut microbial composition in WT mice, but has minimal effects on Orm2-/- mice. In contrast, co-housing of Orm2-/- mice with WT mice rescues Orm2-/- obesity by reducing pathogenic bacteria and mitigating intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest Orm2 deficiency exacerbates HFD-induced gut microbiota disturbance and intestinal inflammation, providing a novel insight into the complex bacterial flora but not a single probiotic administration in the therapeutic strategy of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jionghao Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haoming Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Zhang S, Meng R, Jiang M, Qing H, Ni J. Emerging Roles of Microglia in Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Aging and Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1189-1204. [PMID: 36740799 PMCID: PMC10964094 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230203103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective interface between the blood and the brain parenchyma. It plays an essential role in maintaining a specialized environment for central nervous system function and homeostasis. The BBB disrupts with age, which contributes to the development of many age-related disorders due to central and peripheral toxic factors or BBB dysfunction. Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, have recently been explored for their ability to directly and indirectly regulate the integrity of the BBB. This review will focus on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms utilized by microglia to regulate BBB integrity and how this becomes disrupted in aging and age-associated diseases. We will also discuss the rationale for considering microglia as a therapeutic target to prevent or slow down neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Muzhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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20
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Barriola S, Delgado-García LM, Cartas-Cejudo P, Iñigo-Marco I, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, López-Mascaraque L. Orosomucoid-1 Arises as a Shared Altered Protein in Two Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroscience 2023; 535:203-217. [PMID: 37949310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by a heterogeneous disease course involving demyelination and inflammation. In this study, we utilized two distinct animal models, cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to replicate various aspects of the disease. We aimed to investigate the differential CNS responses by examining the proteomic profiles of EAE mice during the peak disease (15 days post-induction) and cuprizone-fed mice during the acute phase (38 days). Specifically, we focused on two different regions of the CNS: the dorsal cortex (Cx) and the entire spinal cord (SC). Our findings revealed varied glial, synaptic, dendritic, mitochondrial, and inflammatory responses within these regions for each model. Notably, we identified a single protein, Orosomucoid-1 (Orm1), also known as Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (AGP1), that consistently exhibited alterations in both models and regions. This study provides insights into the similarities and differences in the responses of these regions in two distinct demyelinating models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Barriola
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lina María Delgado-García
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil
| | - Paz Cartas-Cejudo
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Ignacio Iñigo-Marco
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Laura López-Mascaraque
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain.
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21
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Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Saiz-Sanchez D, Martinez-Marcos A, Ubeda-Banon I, Flores-Cuadrado A. Synaptic Involvement of the Human Amygdala in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100673. [PMID: 37947401 PMCID: PMC10700869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein, a protein mostly present in presynaptic terminals, accumulates neuropathologically in Parkinson's disease in a 6-stage sequence and propagates in the nervous system in a prion-like manner through neurons and glia. In stage 3, the substantia nigra are affected, provoking motor symptoms and the amygdaloid complex, leading to different nonmotor symptoms; from here, synucleinopathy spreads to the temporal cortex and beyond. The expected increase in Parkinson's disease incidence accelerates the need for detection biomarkers; however, the heterogeneity of this disease, including pathological aggregates and pathophysiological pathways, poses a challenge in the search for new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Proteomic analyses are lacking, and the literature regarding synucleinopathy, neural and glial involvement, and volume of the human amygdaloid complex is controversial. Therefore, the present study combines both proteomic and stereological probes. Data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation of serial fragmentation proteomic analysis revealed a remarkable proteomic impact, especially at the synaptic level in the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease. Among the 199 differentially expressed proteins, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 (GNAI1), elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (EEF1A1), myelin proteolipid protein (PLP1), neuroplastin (NPTN), 14-3-3 protein eta (YWHAH), gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 19 protein (GRIM19), and orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) stand out as potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Stereological analysis, however, did not reveal alterations regarding synucleinopathy, neural or glial populations, or volume changes. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study of the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease, and it identified possible biomarkers of the disease. Lewy pathology could not be sufficient to cause neurodegeneration or alteration of microglial and astroglial populations in the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, damage at the proteomic level is manifest, showing up significant synaptic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villar-Conde
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Banon
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
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22
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Kim JH, Suk K. Unexpected role of complement component 8 gamma chain in the inflamed brain. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2655-2656. [PMID: 37449608 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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23
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Lee HG, Lee JH, Flausino LE, Quintana FJ. Neuroinflammation: An astrocyte perspective. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi7828. [PMID: 37939162 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of astrocytes and their extensive interactions with other cell types in the CNS. In this Review, we highlight the intricate interactions between astrocytes, other CNS-resident cells, and CNS-infiltrating cells as well as their potential therapeutic value in the context of inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon-Hyuk Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas E Flausino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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24
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Neuroprotective astroglial response to neural damage and its relevance to affective disorders. EXPLORATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY 2023; 3:328-345. [PMID: 37920189 PMCID: PMC10622120 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes not only support neuronal function with essential roles in synaptic neurotransmission, action potential propagation, metabolic support, or neuroplastic and developmental adaptations. They also respond to damage or dysfunction in surrounding neurons and oligodendrocytes by releasing neurotrophic factors and other molecules that increase the survival of the supported cells or contribute to mechanisms of structural and molecular restoration. The neuroprotective responsiveness of astrocytes is based on their ability to sense signals of degeneration, metabolic jeopardy and structural damage, and on their aptitude to locally deliver specific molecules to remedy threats to the molecular and structural features of their cellular partners. To the extent that neuronal and other glial cell disturbances are known to occur in affective disorders, astrocyte responsiveness to those disturbances may help to better understand the roles astrocytes play in affective disorders. The astrocytic sensing apparatus supporting those responses involves receptors for neurotransmitters, purines, cell adhesion molecules and growth factors. Astrocytes also share with the immune system the capacity of responding to cytokines released upon neuronal damage. In addition, in responses to specific signals astrocytes release unique factors such as clusterin or humanin that have been shown to exert potent neuroprotective effects. Astrocytes integrate the signals above to further deliver structural lipids, removing toxic metabolites, stabilizing the osmotic environment, normalizing neurotransmitters, providing anti-oxidant protection, facilitating synaptogenesis and acting as barriers to contain varied deleterious signals, some of which have been described in brain regions relevant to affective disorders and related animal models. Since various of the injurious signals that activate astrocytes have been implicated in different aspects of the etiopathology of affective disorders, particularly in relation to the diagnosis of depression, potentiating the corresponding astrocyte neuroprotective responses may provide additional opportunities to improve or complement available pharmacological and behavioral therapies for affective disorders.
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25
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Zhou M, Su P, Liang J, Xiong T. Research progress on the roles of neurovascular unit in stroke-induced immunosuppression. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:662-672. [PMID: 37899404 PMCID: PMC10630064 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A complex pathophysiological mechanism is involved in brain injury following cerebral infarction. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of neurons, endothelial cells, pericyte, astrocyte, microglia and extracellular matrix, etc. The dyshomeostasis of NVU directly participates in the regulation of inflammatory immune process. The components of NVU promote inflammatory overreaction and synergize with the overactivation of autonomic nervous system to initiate stroke-induced immunodepression (SIID). SIID can alleviate the damage caused by inflammation, however, it also makes stroke patients more susceptible to infection, leading to systemic damage. This article reviews the mechanism of SIID and the roles of NVU in SIID, to provide a perspective for reperfusion, prognosis and immunomodulatory therapy of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Peng Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianqing Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Zavori L, Varnai R, Molnar T, Szirmay B, Farkas N, Schwarcz A, Csecsei P. Acute Phase Protein Orosomucoid (Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein) Predicts Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and 3-Month Unfavorable Outcome after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15267. [PMID: 37894947 PMCID: PMC10607772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology and consequences of early brain injury (EBI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the role of orosomucoid (ORM) in aSAH, its potential as a marker for assessing the extent of EBI-induced damage, and its correlation with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and functional recovery over a 3-month period. We collected serum specimens 72 h post-aSAH to measure ORM levels. The study included 151 aSAH patients and 105 healthy subjects. The serum ORM levels within the patient cohort significantly exceeded those in the control group (p < 0.001). The ORM value showed significant correlation with the admission WFNS (p < 0.0001) and mFS scores (p < 0.05). Substantially elevated serum ORM levels at 72 h post-aSAH were detected among patients experiencing DCI, as well as those with poor functional outcomes after 3 months (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that serum ORM at 72 h post-SAH was independently associated with DCI and 3-month functional outcome after adjusting for confounders. The early stage events of aSAH influence the level of ORM. ORM serves as a marker for assessing the extent of damage during EBI and is linked to the occurrence of DCI as well as unfavorable long-term functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Zavori
- Emergency Department, Saudi German Hospital, Dubai 391093, United Arab Emirates;
- Doctoral School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Reka Varnai
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Balazs Szirmay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Attila Schwarcz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.S.); (P.C.)
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27
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Wang Y, Liu W, Geng P, Du W, Guo C, Wang Q, Zheng GQ, Jin X. Role of Crosstalk between Glial Cells and Immune Cells in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Protection after Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1010. [PMID: 37962453 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is the main pathological basis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS)-induced cerebral vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)/oligodendrocytes (OLs) play critical roles in BBB damage and protection. Recent evidence indicates that immune cells also have an important role in BBB damage, vasogenic edema and HT. Therefore, regulating the crosstalk between glial cells and immune cells would hold the promise to alleviate AIS-induced BBB damage. In this review, we first introduce the roles of glia cells, pericytes, and crosstalk between glial cells in the damage and protection of BBB after AIS, emphasizing the polarization, inflammatory response and crosstalk between microglia, astrocytes, and other glia cells. We then describe the role of glial cell-derived exosomes in the damage and protection of BBB after AIS. Next, we specifically discuss the crosstalk between glial cells and immune cells after AIS. Finally, we propose that glial cells could be a potential target for alleviating BBB damage after AIS and we discuss some molecular targets and potential strategies to alleviate BBB damage by regulating glial cells after AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wencao Liu
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Panpan Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chun Guo
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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28
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Fang YM, Chen WC, Zheng WJ, Yang YS, Zhang Y, Chen XL, Pei MQ, Lin S, He HF. A cutting-edge strategy for spinal cord injury treatment: resident cellular transdifferentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1237641. [PMID: 37711511 PMCID: PMC10498389 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1237641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury causes varying degrees of motor and sensory function loss. However, there are no effective treatments for spinal cord repair following an injury. Moreover, significant preclinical advances in bioengineering and regenerative medicine have not yet been translated into effective clinical therapies. The spinal cord's poor regenerative capacity makes repairing damaged and lost neurons a critical treatment step. Reprogramming-based neuronal transdifferentiation has recently shown great potential in repair and plasticity, as it can convert mature somatic cells into functional neurons for spinal cord injury repair in vitro and in vivo, effectively halting the progression of spinal cord injury and promoting functional improvement. However, the mechanisms of the neuronal transdifferentiation and the induced neuronal subtypes are not yet well understood. This review analyzes the mechanisms of resident cellular transdifferentiation based on a review of the relevant recent literature, describes different molecular approaches to obtain different neuronal subtypes, discusses the current challenges and improvement methods, and provides new ideas for exploring therapeutic approaches for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jing Zheng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Li Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qin Pei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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29
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Li L, Sun H, Chen J, Ding C, Yang X, Han H, Sun Q. Mitigation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via recombinant Orosomucoid 2, an acute phase protein modulating the Erk1/2-PPARγ-Cd36 pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112697. [PMID: 37355990 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic administration of recombinant proteins is utilized in a multitude of research studies for treating various diseases. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of Orosomucoid 2 (Orm2), an acute phase protein predominantly secreted by hepatocytes, for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our results show that high Orm2 expression prevents high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Pharmacological administration of recombinant ORM2 protein ameliorates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and fibrosis in mouse livers afflicted by NAFLD and NASH under dietary stress. Orm2 knockout mice develop spontaneous obesity under a regular diet and exacerbate HFD-induced steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, Orm2 deletion activates the Erk1/2-PPARγ-Cd36 signaling pathway, increasing fatty acid uptake and absorption in hepatocytes and mice. Overall, our findings underscore the critical role of Orm2 in preventing NASH and associated NAFLD in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoming Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jionghao Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Biomedicine, Future Agriculture Institute, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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30
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Corrigan M, O'Rourke A, Moran B, Fletcher J, Harkin A. Inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression: a disorder of neuroimmune origin. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220054. [PMID: 37457896 PMCID: PMC10345431 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several hypotheses concerning the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of major depression, which centre largely around adaptive changes in neuronal transmission and plasticity, neurogenesis, and circuit and regional connectivity. The immune and endocrine systems are commonly implicated in driving these changes. An intricate interaction of stress hormones, innate immune cells and the actions of soluble mediators of immunity within the nervous system is described as being associated with the symptoms of depression. Bridging endocrine and immune processes to neurotransmission and signalling within key cortical and limbic brain circuits are critical to understanding depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origins. Emergent areas of research include a growing recognition of the adaptive immune system, advances in neuroimaging techniques and mechanistic insights gained from transgenic animals. Elucidation of glial-neuronal interactions is providing additional avenues into promising areas of research, the development of clinically relevant disease models and the discovery of novel therapies. This narrative review focuses on molecular and cellular mechanisms that are influenced by inflammation and stress. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origin, focusing on neuroendocrine and neuroimmune dysregulation in depression pathophysiology. Advances in current understanding lie in pursuit of relevant biomarkers, as the potential of biomarker signatures to improve clinical outcomes is yet to be fully realised. Further investigations to expand biomarker panels including integration with neuroimaging, utilising individual symptoms to stratify patients into more homogenous subpopulations and targeting the immune system for new treatment approaches will help to address current unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Corrigan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Transpharmation Ireland, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M. O'Rourke
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Moran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M. Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Xingi E, Koutsoudaki PN, Thanou I, Phan MS, Margariti M, Scheller A, Tinevez JY, Kirchhoff F, Thomaidou D. LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation Affects the Dynamic Interactions of Astrocytes and Microglia with the Vasculature of the Mouse Brain Cortex. Cells 2023; 12:1418. [PMID: 37408252 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neurovascular Unit (NVU), composed of glia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia), neurons, pericytes and endothelial cells, is a dynamic interface ensuring the physiological functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), which gets affected and contributes to the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases and is primarily related to the activation state of perivascular microglia and astrocytes, which constitute two of its major cellular components. Our studies focus on monitoring in real time the morphological changes of perivascular astrocytes and microglia, as well as their dynamic interactions with the brain vasculature, under physiological conditions and following systemic neuroinflammation triggering both microgliosis and astrogliosis. To this end, we performed 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM) for intravital imaging of the cortex of transgenic mice visualizing the dynamics of microglia and astroglia following neuroinflammation induced by systemic administration of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results indicate that following neuroinflammation the endfeet of activated perivascular astrocytes lose their close proximity and physiological cross-talk with vasculature, an event that most possibly contributes to a loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. At the same time, microglial cells become activated and exhibit a higher extent of physical contact with the blood vessels. These dynamic responses of perivascular astrocytes and microglia are peaking at 4 days following LPS administration; however, they still persist at a lower level at 8 days after LPS injection, revealing incomplete reversal of inflammation affecting the glial properties and interactions within the NVU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Xingi
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi N Koutsoudaki
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Irini Thanou
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Minh-Son Phan
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Image Analysis Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria Margariti
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Image Analysis Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Thomaidou
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
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Kim JH, Han J, Afridi R, Kim JH, Rahman MH, Park DH, Lee WS, Song GJ, Suk K. A multiplexed siRNA screen identifies key kinase signaling networks of brain glia. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201605. [PMID: 36878638 PMCID: PMC9990460 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic behaviors of brain glial cells in various neuroinflammatory conditions and neurological disorders have been reported; however, little is known about the underlying intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we developed a multiplexed kinome-wide siRNA screen to identify the kinases regulating several inflammatory phenotypes of mouse glial cells in culture, including inflammatory activation, migration, and phagocytosis of glia. Subsequent proof-of-concept experiments involving genetic and pharmacological inhibitions indicated the importance of T-cell receptor signaling components in microglial activation and a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in astrocyte migration. This time- and cost-effective multiplexed kinome siRNA screen efficiently provides exploitable drug targets and novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic regulation of glial cells and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the kinases identified in this screen may be relevant in other inflammatory diseases and cancer, wherein kinases play a critical role in disease signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Neuracle Science Co., Ltd. Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Republic Korea; Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Liu A, Yu L, Li X, Zhang K, Zhang W, So KF, Tissir F, Qu Y, Zhou L. Celsr2-mediated morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes in neural repair. Glia 2023. [PMID: 37186402 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Neural repair is highly influenced by reactive astrocytes. Atypical cadherin Celsr2 regulates neuron development and axon regeneration, while its role in glial cells remains unexplored. In this study, we show that Celsr2 is highly expressed in spinal astrocytes of adult mice, and knockout of Celsr2 results in reactive astrocytes with longer protrusions preferentially orientated towards lesion borders in culture scratch assay and injured spinal cord, and elevation of total and active Cdc42 and Rac1 protein in western blots. Inactivation of Celsr2 enhances calcium influx in reactive astrocytes in time-lapse imaging. Morphological phenotypes of cultured Celsr2-/- astrocytes are rescued by Cdc42 or Rac1 inhibitors. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), Celsr2-/- mice exhibit smaller lesion cavity and glial scar, enhanced fiber regeneration, weaker microglial response, and improved functional recovery than control animals. Similar phenotypes are found in mice with conditional knockout of Celsr2 in astrocytes. In Celsr2-/- mice, astrocyte phenotype is changed and neuroinflammation is alleviated after injury. Inhibiting Cdc42/Rac1 activities compromises astrocyte polarization and the improvement of neural repair and functional recovery in Celsr2-/- mice with SCI. In conclusion, Celsr2 regulates morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes and inactivating Celsr2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingtai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejiao Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hanin A, Cespedes J, Huttner A, Strelnikov D, Gopaul M, DiStasio M, Vezzani A, Hirsch LJ, Aronica E. Neuropathology of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE). J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11726-x. [PMID: 37079033 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE), including its subtype with a preceding febrile illness known as FIRES (Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome), is one of the most severe forms of status epilepticus. Despite an extensive workup (clinical evaluation, EEG, imaging, biological tests), the majority of NORSE cases remain unexplained (i.e., "cryptogenic NORSE"). Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cryptogenic NORSE and the related long-term consequences is crucial to improve patient management and preventing secondary neuronal injury and drug-resistant post-NORSE epilepsy. Previously, neuropathological evaluations conducted on biopsies or autopsies have been found helpful for identifying the etiologies of some cases that were previously of unknown cause. Here, we summarize the findings of studies reporting neuropathology findings in patients with NORSE, including FIRES. We identified 64 cryptogenic cases and 66 neuropathology tissue samples, including 37 biopsies, 18 autopsies, and seven epilepsy surgeries (the type of tissue sample was not detailed for 4 cases). We describe the main neuropathology findings and place a particular emphasis on cases for which neuropathology findings helped establish a diagnosis or elucidate the pathophysiology of cryptogenic NORSE, or on described cases in which neuropathology findings supported the selection of specific treatments for patients with NORSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hanin
- Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, DMU Neurosciences 6, Paris, France.
- Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences 6, Paris, France.
| | - Jorge Cespedes
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Centro America, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Strelnikov
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret Gopaul
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcello DiStasio
- Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lawrence J Hirsch
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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Yang X, Lu Y, Zhou H, Jiang HT, Chu L. Integrated proteome sequencing, bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing to identify potential biomarkers in different grades of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1136777. [PMID: 37009470 PMCID: PMC10061025 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1136777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent health problem worldwide that affects over 80% of adults during their lifetime. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a well-recognized leading cause of LBP. IDD is classified into five grades according to the Pfirrmann classification system. The purpose of this study was to identify potential biomarkers in different IDD grades through an integrated analysis of proteome sequencing (PRO-seq), bulk RNA sequencing (bRNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Eight cases of grade I-IV IDD were obtained. Grades I and II were considered non-degenerative discs (relatively normal), whereas grades III and IV were considered degenerative discs. PRO-seq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in various IDD grades. Variation analysis was performed on bRNA-seq data to differentiate expressed genes (DEGs) in normal and degenerated discs. In addition, scRNA-seq was performed to validate DEGs in degenerated and non-degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP). Machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to screen hub genes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to validate the efficiency of the screened hub genes to predict IDD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to analyze function enrichment and signaling pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to prioritize disease-related proteins. SERPINA1, ORM2, FGG and COL1A1 were identified through PRO-seq as the hub proteins involved in regulating IDD. ML algorithms selected ten hub genes, including IBSP, COL6A2, MMP2, SERPINA1, ACAN, FBLN7, LAMB2, TTLL7, COL9A3, and THBS4 in bRNA-seq. Since serine protease inhibitor clade A member 1 (SERPINA1) was the only common gene, its accuracy in degenerated and non-degenerated NP cells was validated using scRNA-seq. Then, the rat degeneration model of caudal vertebra was established. The expression of SERPINA1 and ORM2 was detected using immunohistochemical staining of human and rat intervertebral discs. The results showed that SERPINA1 was poorly expressed in the degenerative group. We further explored the potential function of SERPINA1 by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and cell-cell communication. Therefore, SERPINA1 can be used as a biomarker to regulate or predict the progress of disc degeneration.
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Corraliza-Gomez M, Bendito B, Sandonis-Camarero D, Mondejar-Duran J, Villa M, Poncela M, Valero J, Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. Dual role of Apolipoprotein D as long-term instructive factor and acute signal conditioning microglial secretory and phagocytic responses. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1112930. [PMID: 36779011 PMCID: PMC9908747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are recognized as very dynamic brain cells, screening the environment and sensitive to signals from all other cell types in health and disease. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a lipid-binding protein of the Lipocalin family, is required for nervous system optimal function and proper development and maintenance of key neural structures. ApoD has a cell and state-dependent expression in the healthy nervous system, and increases its expression upon aging, damage or neurodegeneration. An extensive overlap exists between processes where ApoD is involved and those where microglia have an active role. However, no study has analyzed the role of ApoD in microglial responses. In this work, we test the hypothesis that ApoD, as an extracellular signal, participates in the intercellular crosstalk sensed by microglia and impacts their responses upon physiological aging or damaging conditions. We find that a significant proportion of ApoD-dependent aging transcriptome are microglia-specific genes, and show that lack of ApoD in vivo dysregulates microglial density in mouse hippocampus in an age-dependent manner. Murine BV2 and primary microglia do not express ApoD, but it can be internalized and targeted to lysosomes, where unlike other cell types it is transiently present. Cytokine secretion profiles and myelin phagocytosis reveal that ApoD has both long-term pre-conditioning effects on microglia as well as acute effects on these microglial immune functions, without significant modification of cell survival. ApoD-triggered cytokine signatures are stimuli (paraquat vs. Aβ oligomers) and sex-dependent. Acute exposure to ApoD induces microglia to switch from their resting state to a secretory and less phagocytic phenotype, while long-term absence of ApoD leads to attenuated cytokine induction and increased myelin uptake, supporting a role for ApoD as priming or immune training factor. This knowledge should help to advance our understanding of the complex responses of microglia during aging and neurodegeneration, where signals received along our lifespan are combined with damage-triggered acute signals, conditioning both beneficial roles and limitations of microglial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Corraliza-Gomez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bendito
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Sandonis-Camarero
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mondejar-Duran
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Villa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Poncela
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain,Diego Sanchez,
| | - Maria D. Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain,*Correspondence: Maria D. Ganfornina, ,
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Li X, Wang C, Yang H, Pei D, Liu Y, Yan S, Li Y. Screening and verification of genes related to polycystic ovary syndrome. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605221147444. [PMID: 36628439 PMCID: PMC9837284 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221147444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify key genes involved in occurrence and development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS By downloading the GSE85932 dataset from the GEO database, we used bioinformatical analysis to analyse differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from blood samples of eight women with PCOS and eight matched controls. Following bioinformatic analysis, we performed a cross-sectional study of serum samples taken from 79 women with PCOS and 36 healthy controls. RESULTS From the 178 DEGs identified by bioinformatical analysis, 15 genes were identified as significant, and of these, ORM1 and ORM2 were selected for further verification as potential biomarkers for PCOS. Serum ORM1 and ORM2 levels were significantly increased in women with PCOS, and had a high diagnostic value. ORM1 and ORM2 were positively correlated with testosterone, cholesterol, and triglycerides. ORM1 levels were negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) while ORM2 levels showed no significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS ORM may be an effective biomarker for the diagnosis of PCOS and its monitoring may be a useful therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Chunxia Wang, Department of Medical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
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Dong AQ, Yang YP, Jiang SM, Yao XY, Qi D, Mao CJ, Cheng XY, Wang F, Hu LF, Liu CF. Pramipexole inhibits astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Drd3-dependent autophagy in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:32-43. [PMID: 35896696 PMCID: PMC9813225 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the pathogenic processes in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole (PPX) is extensively used for PD treatment in clinics. A number of studies show that PPX exerts neuroprotection on dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PPX on DA neurons are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether PPX modulated PD-related neuroinflammation and underlying mechanisms. PD model was established in mice by bilateral striatum injection of lipopolyssaccharide (LPS). The mice were administered PPX (0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) 3 days before LPS injection, and for 3 or 21 days after surgery, respectively, for biochemical and histological analyses. We showed that PPX administration significantly alleviated the loss of DA neurons, and suppressed the astrocyte activation and levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the substantia nigra of LPS-injected mice. Furthermore, PPX administration significantly decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins, i.e., cleaved forms of caspase-1, IL-1β, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruit domain (ASC) in the striatum. These results were validated in LPS+ATP-stimulated primary mouse astrocytes in vitro. Remarkably, we showed that PPX (100-400 μM) dose-dependently enhanced the autophagy activity in the astrocytes evidenced by the elevations in LC3-II and BECN1 protein expression, as well as the increase of GFP-LC3 puncta formation. The opposite effects of PPX on astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy were eliminated by Drd3 depletion. Moreover, we demonstrated that both pretreatment of astrocytes with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (40 μM) in vitro and astrocyte-specific Atg5 knockdown in vivo blocked PPX-caused inhibition on NLRP3 inflammasome and protection against DA neuron damage. Altogether, this study demonstrates an anti-neuroinflammatory activity of PPX via a Drd3-dependent enhancement of autophagy activity in astrocytes, and reveals a new mechanism for the beneficial effect of PPX in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-qi Dong
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Ya-ping Yang
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Shu-min Jiang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Xiao-yu Yao
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Di Qi
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Cheng-jie Mao
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Xiao-yu Cheng
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Fen Wang
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Li-fang Hu
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Chun-feng Liu
- grid.452666.50000 0004 1762 8363Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China ,grid.512482.8Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000 China
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Xiong Y, Chen J, Li Y. Microglia and astrocytes underlie neuroinflammation and synaptic susceptibility in autism spectrum disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1125428. [PMID: 37021129 PMCID: PMC10067592 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1125428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood. The mechanisms underlying ASD are unclear. In recent years, the role of microglia and astrocytes in ASD has received increasing attention. Microglia prune the synapses or respond to injury by sequestrating the injury site and expressing inflammatory cytokines. Astrocytes maintain homeostasis in the brain microenvironment through the uptake of ions and neurotransmitters. However, the molecular link between ASD and microglia and, or astrocytes remains unknown. Previous research has shown the significant role of microglia and astrocytes in ASD, with reports of increased numbers of reactive microglia and astrocytes in postmortem tissues and animal models of ASD. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of the roles of microglia and astrocytes in ASD is essential for developing effective therapies. This review aimed to summarize the functions of microglia and astrocytes and their contributions to ASD.
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Wu Y, Eisel UL. Microglia-Astrocyte Communication in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:785-803. [PMID: 37638434 PMCID: PMC10578295 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes are regarded as active participants in the central nervous system under various neuropathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both microglia and astrocyte activation have been reported to occur with a spatially and temporarily distinct pattern. Acting as a double-edged sword, glia-mediated neuroinflammation may be both detrimental and beneficial to the brain. In a variety of neuropathologies, microglia are activated before astrocytes, which facilitates astrocyte activation. Yet reactive astrocytes can also prevent the activation of adjacent microglia in addition to helping them become activated. Studies describe changes in the genetic profile as well as cellular and molecular responses of these two types of glial cells that contribute to dysfunctional immune crosstalk in AD. In this paper, we construct current knowledge of microglia-astrocyte communication, highlighting the multifaceted functions of microglia and astrocytes and their role in AD. A thorough comprehension of microglia-astrocyte communication could hasten the creation of novel AD treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ulrich L.M. Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bhusal A, Nam Y, Seo D, Lee WH, Suk K. Cathelicidin-Related Antimicrobial Peptide Negatively Regulates Bacterial Endotoxin-Induced Glial Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233886. [PMID: 36497142 PMCID: PMC9738883 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that mouse cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and its human homologue leucine leucine-37 (LL-37) play critical roles in innate immune responses. Here, we studied the role of mouse CRAMP in bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. CRAMP peptide treatment significantly inhibited LPS-mediated inflammatory activation of glial cells in culture. In the animal model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, CRAMP expression was highly induced in multiple cell types, such as astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Injection of exogenous CRAMP peptide significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression and the reactivity of glial cells in the mouse brain following intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular LPS administration. Altogether, results of the study suggest that CRAMP plays an important part in containment of LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses, and that CRAMP can be exploited for the development of targeted therapies for neuroinflammatory conditions associated with bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggun Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-4835; Fax: +82-53-256-1566
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Montaser AB, Kuiri J, Natunen T, Hruška P, Potěšil D, Auriola S, Hiltunen M, Terasaki T, Lehtonen M, Jalkanen A, Huttunen KM. Enhanced drug delivery by a prodrug approach effectively relieves neuroinflammation in mice. Life Sci 2022; 310:121088. [PMID: 36257461 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neuroinflammation is a prominent hallmark in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Halting neuroinflammation can slow down the progression of NDs. Improving the efficacy of clinically available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a promising approach that may lead to fast-track and effective disease-modifying therapies for NDs. Here, we aimed to utilize the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) to improve the efficacy of salicylic acid as an example of an NSAID prodrug, for which brain uptake and intracellular localization have been reported earlier. MAIN METHODS Firstly, we confirmed the improved LAT1 utilization of the salicylic acid prodrug (SA-AA) in freshly isolated primary mouse microglial cells. Secondly, we performed behavioural rotarod, open field, and four-limb hanging tests in mice, and a whole-brain proteome analysis. KEY FINDINGS The SA-AA prodrug alleviated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the rotarod and hanging tests. The proteome analysis indicated decreased neuroinflammation at the molecular level. We identified 399 proteins linked to neuroinflammation out of 7416 proteins detected in the mouse brain. Among them, Gps2, Vamp8, Slc6a3, Slc18a2, Slc5a7, Rgs9, Lrrc1, Ppp1r1b, Gnal, and Adcy5/6 were associated with the drug's effects. The SA-AA prodrug attenuated the LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the regulation of critical pathways of neuroinflammation such as the cellular response to stress and transmission across chemical synapses. SIGNIFICANCE The efficacy of NSAIDs can be improved via the utilization of LAT1 and repurposed for the treatment of neuroinflammation. This improved brain delivery and microglia localisation can be applied to other inflammatory modulators to achieve effective and targeted CNS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Montaser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Janita Kuiri
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pavel Hruška
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aaro Jalkanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Pathogenesis of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease: From a Neuron-Glia Crosstalk Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314753. [PMID: 36499080 PMCID: PMC9739123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The classical behavioral defects of PD patients involve motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity, as well as non-motor symptoms such as anosmia, depression, and cognitive impairment. Pathologically, the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn)-composed Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) are key hallmarks. Glia are more than mere bystanders that simply support neurons, they actively contribute to almost every aspect of neuronal development and function; glial dysregulation has been implicated in a series of neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Importantly, amounting evidence has added glial activation and neuroinflammation as new features of PD onset and progression. Thus, gaining a better understanding of glia, especially neuron-glia crosstalk, will not only provide insight into brain physiology events but also advance our knowledge of PD pathologies. This review addresses the current understanding of α-syn pathogenesis in PD, with a focus on neuron-glia crosstalk. Particularly, the transmission of α-syn between neurons and glia, α-syn-induced glial activation, and feedbacks of glial activation on DA neuron degeneration are thoroughly discussed. In addition, α-syn aggregation, iron deposition, and glial activation in regulating DA neuron ferroptosis in PD are covered. Lastly, we summarize the preclinical and clinical therapies, especially targeting glia, in PD treatments.
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Meng J, Zhang J, Fang J, Li M, Ding H, Zhang W, Chen C. Dynamic inflammatory changes of the neurovascular units after ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Soluble ANPEP Released From Human Astrocytes as a Positive Regulator of Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation: Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100424. [PMID: 36220603 PMCID: PMC9650055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are major supportive glia and immune modulators in the brain; they are highly secretory in nature and interact with other cell types via their secreted proteomes. To understand how astrocytes communicate during neuroinflammation, we profiled the secretome of human astrocytes following stimulation with proinflammatory factors. A total of 149 proteins were significantly upregulated in stimulated astrocytes, and a bioinformatics analysis of the astrocyte secretome revealed that the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important mechanism of astrocyte communication. We observed that the levels of soluble form of aminopeptidase N (sANPEP), an RAS component that converts angiotensin (Ang) III to Ang IV in a neuroinflammatory milieu, significantly increased in the astrocyte secretome. To elucidate the role of sANPEP and Ang IV in neuroinflammation, we first evaluated the expression of Ang IV receptors in human glial cells because Ang IV mediates biological effects through its receptors. The expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor was considerably upregulated in activated human microglial cells but not in human astrocytes. Moreover, interleukin-1β release from human microglial cells was synergistically increased by cotreatment with sANPEP and its substrate, Ang III, suggesting the proinflammatory action of Ang IV generated by sANPEP. In a mouse neuroinflammation model, brain microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression levels were increased by intracerebroventricular injection of sANPEP and attenuated by an enzymatic inhibitor and neutralizing antibody against sANPEP. Collectively, our results indicate that astrocytic sANPEP-induced increase in Ang IV exacerbates neuroinflammation by interacting with microglial proinflammatory receptor angiotensin type 1 receptor, highlighting an important role of indirect crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia through the brain RAS in neuroinflammation.
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Koyama Y, Itokazu T, Hattori T, Takamura H. Editorial: Regulation of neuroinflammation by multiorgan network. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1047113. [PMID: 36247994 PMCID: PMC9562350 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1047113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Koyama
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshihisa Koyama
| | - Takahide Itokazu
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Takamura
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Mazumder S, Bahar AY, Shepherd CE, Prasad AA. Post-mortem brain histological examination in the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease following deep brain stimulation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:948523. [PMID: 36188463 PMCID: PMC9516394 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.948523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically hallmarked by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and alpha-synuclein aggregation. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a common target to treat the motor symptoms in PD. However, we have less understanding of the cellular changes in the STN during PD, and the impact of DBS on the STN and SN is limited. We examined cellular changes in the SN and STN in PD patients with and without STN-DBS treatment. Post-mortem brain tissues from 6 PD non-STN-DBS patients, 5 PD STN-DBS patients, and 6 age-matched controls were stained with markers for neurodegeneration (tyrosine hydroxylase, alpha-synuclein, and neuronal loss) and astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Changes were assessed using quantitative and semi-quantitative microscopy techniques. As expected, significant neuronal cell loss, alpha-synuclein pathology, and variable astrogliosis were observed in the SN in PD. No neuronal cell loss or astrogliosis was observed in the STN, although alpha-synuclein deposition was present in the STN in all PD cases. DBS did not alter neuronal loss, astrogliosis, or alpha-synuclein pathology in either the SN or STN. This study reports selective pathology in the STN with deposits of alpha-synuclein in the absence of significant neuronal cell loss or inflammation in PD. Despite being effective for the treatment of PD, this small post-mortem study suggests that DBS of the STN does not appear to modulate histological changes in astrogliosis or neuronal survival, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of DBS mechanism may transiently affect STN neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Mazumder
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Claire E. Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Asheeta A. Prasad
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Asheeta A. Prasad,
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Zhou B, Luo Y, Ji N, Hu C, Lu Y. Orosomucoid 2 maintains hepatic lipid homeostasis through suppression of de novo lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1185-1201. [PMID: 36050503 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by imbalance in lipid metabolism. In this study, we show that the hepatokine orosomucoid (ORM) 2 is a key regulator of de novo lipogenesis in the liver. Hepatic and plasma ORM2 levels are markedly decreased in obese murine models and patients with NAFLD. Through multiple loss- and gain-of function studies, we demonstrate that ORM2 is essential to maintain hepatic and systemic lipid homeostasis. At the mechanistic level, ORM2 binds to inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 to activate AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, thereby inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c-mediated lipogenic gene program. Notably, intraperitoneal injections of recombinant ORM2 protein or stabilized ORM2-FC fusion protein markedly improved liver steatosis, steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis in preclinical mouse models, without adverse effects on body weight or food intake. Thus, these findings suggest that ORM2 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchen Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of the cellular components involved in glial scar formation following spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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50
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Sage SE, Nicholson P, Peters LM, Leeb T, Jagannathan V, Gerber V. Single-cell gene expression analysis of cryopreserved equine bronchoalveolar cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929922. [PMID: 36105804 PMCID: PMC9467276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptomic profile of a cell population can now be studied at the cellular level using single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). This novel technique provides the unprecedented opportunity to explore the cellular composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the horse, a species for which cell type markers are poorly described. Here, scRNA-seq technology was applied to cryopreserved equine BALF cells. Analysis of 4,631 cells isolated from three asthmatic horses in remission identified 16 cell clusters belonging to six major cell types: monocytes/macrophages, T cells, B/plasma cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils and mast cells. Higher resolution analysis of the constituents of the major immune cell populations allowed deep annotation of monocytes/macrophages, T cells and B/plasma cells. A significantly higher lymphocyte/macrophage ratio was detected with scRNA-seq compared to conventional cytological differential cell count. For the first time in horses, we detected a transcriptomic signature consistent with monocyte-lymphocyte complexes. Our findings indicate that scRNA-seq technology is applicable to cryopreserved equine BALF cells, allowing the identification of its major (cytologically differentiated) populations as well as previously unexplored T cell and macrophage subpopulations. Single-cell gene expression analysis has the potential to facilitate understanding of the immunological mechanisms at play in respiratory disorders of the horse, such as equine asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Sage
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Sophie E. Sage,
| | - Pamela Nicholson
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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