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De Assis GG, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. BDNF Modulation by microRNAs: An Update on the Experimental Evidence. Cells 2024; 13:880. [PMID: 38786102 PMCID: PMC11119608 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs can interfere with protein function by suppressing their messenger RNA translation or the synthesis of its related factors. The function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential to the proper formation and function of the nervous system and is seen to be regulated by many microRNAs. However, understanding how microRNAs influence BDNF actions within cells requires a wider comprehension of their integrative regulatory mechanisms. Aim: In this literature review, we have synthesized the evidence of microRNA regulation on BDNF in cells and tissues, and provided an analytical discussion about direct and indirect mechanisms that appeared to be involved in BDNF regulation by microRNAs. Methods: Searches were conducted on PubMed.gov using the terms "BDNF" AND "MicroRNA" and "brain-derived neurotrophic factor" AND "MicroRNA", updated on 1 September 2023. Papers without open access were requested from the authors. One hundred and seventy-one papers were included for review and discussion. Results and Discussion: The local regulation of BDNF by microRNAs involves a complex interaction between a series of microRNAs with target proteins that can either inhibit or enhance BDNF expression, at the core of cell metabolism. Therefore, understanding this homeostatic balance provides resources for the future development of vector-delivery-based therapies for the neuroprotective effects of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmara Gomes De Assis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
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2
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D'Amico F, Lugarà C, Luppino G, Giuffrida C, Giorgianni Y, Patanè EM, Manti S, Gambadauro A, La Rocca M, Abbate T. The Influence of Neurotrophins on the Brain-Lung Axis: Conception, Pregnancy, and Neonatal Period. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2528-2543. [PMID: 38534776 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are four small proteins produced by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells; they include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). NTs can exert their action through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms by interacting with specific receptors. Initial studies on NTs have identified them only as functional molecules of the nervous system. However, recent research have shown that some tissues and organs (such as the lungs, skin, and skeletal and smooth muscle) as well as some structural cells can secrete and respond to NTs. In addition, NTs perform several roles in normal and pathological conditions at different anatomical sites, in both fetal and postnatal life. During pregnancy, NTs are produced by the mother, placenta, and fetus. They play a pivotal role in the pre-implantation process and in placental and embryonic development; they are also involved in the development of the brain and respiratory system. In the postnatal period, it appears that NTs are associated with some diseases, such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), asthma, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Amico
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lugarà
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luppino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Giuffrida
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Giorgianni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maria Patanè
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Gambadauro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria La Rocca
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Abbate
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
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3
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Manti S, Xerra F, Spoto G, Butera A, Gitto E, Di Rosa G, Nicotera AG. Neurotrophins: Expression of Brain-Lung Axis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087089. [PMID: 37108250 PMCID: PMC10138985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are a group of soluble growth factors with analogous structures and functions, identified initially as critical mediators of neuronal survival during development. Recently, the relevance of NTs has been confirmed by emerging clinical data showing that impaired NTs levels and functions are involved in the onset of neurological and pulmonary diseases. The alteration in NTs expression at the central and peripheral nervous system has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders with an early onset and severe clinical manifestations, often named "synaptopathies" because of structural and functional synaptic plasticity abnormalities. NTs appear to be also involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of several airway diseases, neonatal lung diseases, allergic and inflammatory diseases, lung fibrosis, and even lung cancer. Moreover, they have also been detected in other peripheral tissues, including immune cells, epithelium, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelium. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of the NTs as important physiological and pathophysiological players in brain and lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Xerra
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Ambra Butera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Intensive Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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4
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Goldsteen PA, Sabogal Guaqueta AM, Mulder PPMFA, Bos IST, Eggens M, Van der Koog L, Soeiro JT, Halayko AJ, Mathwig K, Kistemaker LEM, Verpoorte EMJ, Dolga AM, Gosens R. Differentiation and on axon-guidance chip culture of human pluripotent stem cell-derived peripheral cholinergic neurons for airway neurobiology studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991072. [PMID: 36386177 PMCID: PMC9651921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway cholinergic nerves play a key role in airway physiology and disease. In asthma and other diseases of the respiratory tract, airway cholinergic neurons undergo plasticity and contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion. We currently lack human in vitro models for airway cholinergic neurons. Here, we aimed to develop a human in vitro model for peripheral cholinergic neurons using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology. hPSCs were differentiated towards vagal neural crest precursors and subsequently directed towards functional airway cholinergic neurons using the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Cholinergic neurons were characterized by ChAT and VAChT expression, and responded to chemical stimulation with changes in Ca2+ mobilization. To culture these cells, allowing axonal separation from the neuronal cell bodies, a two-compartment PDMS microfluidic chip was subsequently fabricated. The two compartments were connected via microchannels to enable axonal outgrowth. On-chip cell culture did not compromise phenotypical characteristics of the cells compared to standard culture plates. When the hPSC-derived peripheral cholinergic neurons were cultured in the chip, axonal outgrowth was visible, while the somal bodies of the neurons were confined to their compartment. Neurons formed contacts with airway smooth muscle cells cultured in the axonal compartment. The microfluidic chip developed in this study represents a human in vitro platform to model neuro-effector interactions in the airways that may be used for mechanistic studies into neuroplasticity in asthma and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Goldsteen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - P. P. M. F. A. Mulder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - I. S. T. Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M. Eggens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - L. Van der Koog
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J. T. Soeiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A. J. Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - K. Mathwig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Aquilo BV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - E. M. J. Verpoorte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A. M. Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. Gosens, ; A. M. Dolga,
| | - R. Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. Gosens, ; A. M. Dolga,
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5
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Abdolahi S, Zare-Chahoki A, Noorbakhsh F, Gorji A. A Review of Molecular Interplay between Neurotrophins and miRNAs in Neuropsychological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6260-6280. [PMID: 35916975 PMCID: PMC9463196 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various neurotrophins (NTs), including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4, promote cellular differentiation, survival, and maintenance, as well as synaptic plasticity, in the peripheral and central nervous system. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small non-coding RNAs, as regulators of gene expression, is pivotal for the appropriate control of cell growth and differentiation. There are positive and negative loops between NTs and miRNAs, which exert modulatory effects on different signaling pathways. The interplay between NTs and miRNAs plays a crucial role in the regulation of several physiological and pathological brain procedures. Emerging evidence suggests the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of the interactions between NTs and miRNAs in several neuropsychological disorders, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and drug abuse. Here, we review current data regarding the regulatory interactions between NTs and miRNAs in neuropsychological disorders, for which novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies are emerging. Targeting NTs-miRNAs interactions for diagnostic or therapeutic approaches needs to be validated by future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolahi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Chahoki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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6
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Activation of Inflammatory Networks in the Lungs Caused by Chronic Cold Stress Is Moderately Attenuated by Glucose Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810697. [PMID: 36142633 PMCID: PMC9501069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals that live in cold climates endure months of exposure to low temperature in the winter. The incidence of respiratory diseases has increased. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic cold stress on lung inflammatory networks, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function via Yorkshire pig models, as well as the ameliorative effect of glucose as energy supplements. Here, two trials were conducted (chronic cold stress and glucose supplementation). The results showed that chronic cold stress induced obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs and damaged the lung tissue structure. Compared with the Y-Con group, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), nucleotide-binding domain, and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the lungs of the Y-CS group was enhanced by chronic cold stress (p < 0.05). Moreover, chronic cold stress promoted the expression of the Bax and Mfn2 in lungs of Y-CS group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, dietary glucose supplementation significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs. Moreover, glucose supplementation inhibited the expression of TLR4, MyD88, HMGB1, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and Bax during chronic cold stress. In conclusion, chronic cold stress promoted inflammatory networks, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fusion in the lungs. Dietary glucose supplementation inhibited the inflammatory network during chronic cold stress.
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7
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Hedgehog Signaling: Linking Embryonic Lung Development and Asthmatic Airway Remodeling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111774. [PMID: 35681469 PMCID: PMC9179967 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the embryonic lung demands complex endodermal–mesodermal interactions, which are regulated by a variety of signaling proteins. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is vital for lung development. It plays a key regulatory role during several morphogenic mechanisms, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and persistence of cells. On the other hand, abnormal expression or loss of regulation of Hh signaling leads to airway asthmatic remodeling, which is characterized by cellular matrix modification in the respiratory system, goblet cell hyperplasia, deposition of collagen, epithelial cell apoptosis, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts. Hh also targets some of the pathogens and seems to have a significant function in tissue repairment and immune-related disorders. Similarly, aberrant Hh signaling expression is critically associated with the etiology of a variety of other airway lung diseases, mainly, bronchial or tissue fibrosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, suggesting that controlled regulation of Hh signaling is crucial to retain healthy lung functioning. Moreover, shreds of evidence imply that the Hh signaling pathway links to lung organogenesis and asthmatic airway remodeling. Here, we compiled all up-to-date investigations linked with the role of Hh signaling in the development of lungs as well as the attribution of Hh signaling in impairment of lung expansion, airway remodeling, and immune response. In addition, we included all current investigational and therapeutic approaches to treat airway asthmatic remodeling and immune system pathway diseases.
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8
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Bai Y, Guedes AGP, Krishnan R, Ai X. CD38 plays an age-related role in cholinergic deregulation of airway smooth muscle contractility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1643-1654.e8. [PMID: 34800431 PMCID: PMC9081122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in neonatal mice, but not adult mice, is caused by elevated innervation and consequent cholinergic hyperstimulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Whether this inflammation-independent mechanism contributes to ASM hypercontraction in childhood asthma warrants investigation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish the functional connection between cholinergic stimulation and ASM contractility in different human age groups. METHODS First, we used a neonatal mouse model of asthma to identify age-related mediators of cholinergic deregulation of ASM contractility. Next, we conducted validation and mechanistic studies in primary human ASM cells and precision-cut lung slices from young (<5 years old) and adult (>20 years old) donor lungs. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the identified cholinergic signaling mediators using culture models of human ASM hypercontraction. RESULTS ASM hypercontraction due to cholinergic deregulation in early postnatal life requires CD38. Mechanistically, cholinergic signaling activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in immature ASM cells to upregulate CD38 levels, thereby augmenting the Ca2+ response to contractile agonists. Strikingly, this early-life, CD38-mediated ASM hypercontraction is not alleviated by the β-agonist formoterol. CONCLUSIONS The acetylcholine-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B-CD38 axis is a critical mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness in early postnatal life. Targeting this axis may provide a tailored treatment for children at high risk for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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9
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Honeycutt SE, N'Guetta PEY, O'Brien LL. Innervation in organogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:195-235. [PMID: 35461566 PMCID: PMC10636594 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper innervation of peripheral organs helps to maintain physiological homeostasis and elicit responses to external stimuli. Disruptions to normal function can result in pathophysiological consequences. The establishment of connections and communication between the central nervous system and the peripheral organs is accomplished through the peripheral nervous system. Neuronal connections with target tissues arise from ganglia partitioned throughout the body. Organ innervation is initiated during development with stimuli being conducted through several types of neurons including sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory. While the physiological modulation of mature organs by these nerves is largely understood, their role in mammalian development is only beginning to be uncovered. Interactions with cells in target tissues can affect the development and eventual function of several organs, highlighting their significance. This chapter will cover the origin of peripheral neurons, factors mediating organ innervation, and the composition and function of organ-specific nerves during development. This emerging field aims to identify the functional contribution of innervation to development which will inform future investigations of normal and abnormal mammalian organogenesis, as well as contribute to regenerative and organ replacement efforts where nerve-derived signals may have significant implications for the advancement of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Honeycutt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Y N'Guetta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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10
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Hamze M, Medina I, Delmotte Q, Porcher C. Contribution of Smoothened Receptor Signaling in GABAergic Neurotransmission and Chloride Homeostasis in the Developing Rodent Brain. Front Physiol 2021; 12:798066. [PMID: 34955901 PMCID: PMC8703190 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.798066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of the central nervous system growth and development, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an instructive trophic role for key events including neurogenesis, migration, synaptogenesis, and network formation. These actions are associated with increased concentration of chloride ions in immature neurons [(Cl−)i] that determines the depolarizing strength of ion currents mediated by GABAA receptors, a ligand-gated Cl− permeable ion channel. During neuron maturation the (Cl−)i progressively decreases leading to weakening of GABA induced depolarization and enforcing GABA function as principal inhibitory neurotransmitter. A neuron restricted potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2 is a key molecule governing Cl− extrusion and determining the resting level of (Cl−)i in developing and mature mammalian neurons. Among factors controlling the functioning of KCC2 and the maturation of inhibitory circuits, is Smoothened (Smo), the transducer in the receptor complex of the developmental protein Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Too much or too little Shh-Smo action will have mirror effects on KCC2 stability at the neuron membrane, the GABA inhibitory strength, and ultimately on the newborn susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders. Both canonical and non-canonical Shh-Smo signal transduction pathways contribute to the regulation of KCC2 and GABAergic synaptic activity. In this review, we discuss the recent findings of the action of Shh-Smo signaling pathways on chloride ions homeostasis through the control of KCC2 membrane trafficking, and consequently on inhibitory neurotransmission and network activity during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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11
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Qiu X, Chen H, Feng D, Dong W. [G-protein coupled receptor Smo positively regulates proliferation and migration of adult neural stem cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1588-1592. [PMID: 34755677 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of G-protein coupled receptor Smoothened (Smo) in regulating proliferation and migration of adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cultured ANSCs were treated with purmorphamine (PM, an agonist of Smo) or cyclopamine (CPM, an inhibitor of Smo), and the changes in cell proliferation migration abilities were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and wound healing assay, respectively. The mRNA expressions of membrane receptor Patched 1 (Ptch1), Smo, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), axon guidance cue slit1 (Slit1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the treated cells were detected using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS PM significantly promoted the proliferation (P < 0.01) and migration of ANSCs (P < 0.01), and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, Slit1 and BDNF. Treatment with CPM significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of ANSCs. CONCLUSION Modulating Smo activity can positively regulate the proliferation and migration of ANSCs possibly by regulating the expressions of BDNF and Slit1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Qiu
- Experiment Teaching and Administration Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - D Feng
- Institute of Oncology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - W Dong
- Experiment Teaching and Administration Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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12
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Han W, Lu D, Wang C, Cui M, Lu K. Identification of Key mRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNA-miRNA Network Involved in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615999200608125427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the past decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has been gradually increasing, owing to
the widespread use of ultrasound scanning devices. However, the key mRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNA-miRNA network in
papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been fully understood.
Material and Methods:
In this study, multiple bioinformatics methods were employed, including differential expression
analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and miRNA-mRNA interaction network construction.
Results:
First, we investigated the key miRNAs that regulated significantly more differentially expressed genes based on
GSEA method. Second, we searched for the key miRNAs based on the mRNA-miRNA interaction subnetwork involved
in PTC. We identified hsa-mir-1275, hsa-mir-1291, hsa-mir-206 and hsa-mir-375 as the key miRNAs involved in PTC
pathogenesis.
Conclusion:
The integrated analysis of the gene and miRNA expression data not only identified key mRNAs, miRNAs,
and mRNA-miRNA network involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma, but also improved our understanding of the
pathogenesis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Dongchen Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Chonggao Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Mengdi Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China
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13
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Sachdeva M, Mehta V, Sharma N, Singh S, Bungau S. Exploring Sonic Hedgehog Cell Signaling in Neurogenesis: Its Potential Role in Depressive Behavior. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1589-1602. [PMID: 33786718 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent form of neuropsychiatric disorder affecting all age groups globally. As per the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO), depression will develop into the foremost reason for disability globally by the year 2030. The primary neurobiological mechanism implicated in depression remains ambiguous; however, dysregulation of molecular and signaling transductions results in depressive disorders. Several theories have been developed to explain the pathogenesis of depression, however, none of them completely explained all aspects of depressive-pathogenesis. In the current review, we aimed to explore the role of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in the development of the depressive disorder and its potential as the therapeutic target. Shh signaling has a crucial function in neurogenesis and neural tube patterning during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Shh signaling performs a basic function in embryogenesis and hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, antidepressants are also known to enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which further suggests the potential of Shh signaling. Furthermore, there is decreased expression of a glioma-associated oncogene (Gli1) and Smoothened (Smo) in depression. Moreover, antidepressants also regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and wingless protein (Wnt) signaling, therefore, Shh may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the depressive disorder. Deregulation of Shh signaling in CNS results in neurological disorders such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Distt. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatimah College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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14
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Rubin L, Stabler CT, Schumacher-Klinger A, Marcinkiewicz C, Lelkes PI, Lazarovici P. Neurotrophic factors and their receptors in lung development and implications in lung diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:84-94. [PMID: 33589358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although lung innervation has been described by many studies in humans and rodents, the regulation of the respiratory system induced by neurotrophins is not fully understood. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of neurotrophins and the expression and function of their receptors in neurogenesis, vasculogenesis and during the embryonic development of the respiratory tree and highlight key implications relevant to respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Rubin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Collin T Stabler
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Adi Schumacher-Klinger
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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15
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Peerboom C, Wierenga CJ. The postnatal GABA shift: A developmental perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:179-192. [PMID: 33549742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that counterbalances excitation in the mature brain. The inhibitory action of GABA relies on the inflow of chloride ions (Cl-), which hyperpolarizes the neuron. In early development, GABA signaling induces outward Cl- currents and is depolarizing. The postnatal shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA is a pivotal event in brain development and its timing affects brain function throughout life. Altered timing of the postnatal GABA shift is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we argue that the postnatal shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA represents the final shift in a sequence of GABA shifts, regulating proliferation, migration, differentiation, and finally plasticity of developing neurons. Each developmental GABA shift ensures that the instructive role of GABA matches the circumstances of the developing network. Sensory input may be a crucial factor in determining proper timing of the postnatal GABA shift. A developmental perspective is necessary to interpret the full consequences of a mismatch between connectivity, activity and GABA signaling during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn Peerboom
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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16
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Jones MR, Chong L, Bellusci S. Fgf10/Fgfr2b Signaling Orchestrates the Symphony of Molecular, Cellular, and Physical Processes Required for Harmonious Airway Branching Morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620667. [PMID: 33511132 PMCID: PMC7835514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway branching morphogenesis depends on the intricate orchestration of numerous biological and physical factors connected across different spatial scales. One of the key regulatory pathways controlling airway branching is fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) signaling via its epithelial fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b). Fine reviews have been published on the molecular mechanisms, in general, involved in branching morphogenesis, including those mechanisms, in particular, connected to Fgf10/Fgfr2b signaling. However, a comprehensive review looking at all the major biological and physical factors involved in branching, at the different scales at which branching operates, and the known role of Fgf10/Fgfr2b therein, is missing. In the current review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature on airway branching morphogenesis by taking a broad approach. We focus on the biophysical and mechanical forces directly shaping epithelial bud initiation, branch elongation, and branch tip bifurcation. We then shift focus to more passive means by which branching proceeds, via extracellular matrix remodeling and the influence of the other pulmonary arborized networks: the vasculature and nerves. We end the review by briefly discussing work in computational modeling of airway branching. Throughout, we emphasize the known or speculative effects of Fgfr2b signaling at each point of discussion. It is our aim to promote an understanding of branching morphogenesis that captures the multi-scalar biological and physical nature of the phenomenon, and the interdisciplinary approach to its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Jones
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lei Chong
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Delmotte Q, Hamze M, Medina I, Buhler E, Zhang J, Belgacem YH, Porcher C. Smoothened receptor signaling regulates the developmental shift of GABA polarity in rat somatosensory cortex. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247700. [PMID: 32989040 PMCID: PMC7595691 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and its patched-smoothened receptor complex control a variety of functions in the developing central nervous system, such as neural cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, Shh signaling components have been found to be expressed at the synaptic level in the postnatal brain, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Using in utero electroporation of constitutively active and negative-phenotype forms of the Shh signal transducer smoothened (Smo), we studied the role of Smo signaling in the development and maturation of GABAergic transmission in the somatosensory cortex. Our results show that enhancing Smo activity during development accelerates the shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA in a manner dependent on functional expression of potassium-chloride cotransporter type 2 (KCC2, also known as SLC12A5). On the other hand, blocking Smo activity maintains the GABA response in a depolarizing state in mature cortical neurons, resulting in altered chloride homeostasis and increased seizure susceptibility. This study reveals unexpected functions of Smo signaling in the regulation of chloride homeostasis, through control of KCC2 cell-surface stability, and the timing of the GABA excitatory-to-inhibitory shift in brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Yesser H Belgacem
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
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18
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Gomez JL, Chen A, Diaz MP, Zirn N, Gupta A, Britto C, Sauler M, Yan X, Stewart E, Santerian K, Grant N, Liu Q, Fry R, Rager J, Cohn L, Alexis N, Chupp GL. A Network of Sputum MicroRNAs Is Associated with Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:51-64. [PMID: 32255668 PMCID: PMC7328332 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201912-2360oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: MicroRNAs are potent regulators of biologic systems that are critical to tissue homeostasis. Individual microRNAs have been identified in airway samples. However, a systems analysis of the microRNA-mRNA networks present in the sputum that contribute to airway inflammation in asthma has not been published.Objectives: Identify microRNA and mRNA networks in the sputum of patients with asthma.Methods: We conducted a genome-wide analysis of microRNA and mRNA in the sputum from patients with asthma and correlated expression with clinical phenotypes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis was implemented to identify microRNA networks (modules) that significantly correlate with clinical features of asthma and mRNA expression networks. MicroRNA expression in peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes and in situ hybridization of the sputum were used to identify the cellular sources of microRNAs. MicroRNA expression obtained before and after ozone exposure was also used to identify changes associated with neutrophil counts in the airway.Measurements and Main Results: Six microRNA modules were associated with clinical features of asthma. A single module (nely) was associated with a history of hospitalizations, lung function impairment, and numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the sputum. Of the 12 microRNAs in the nely module, hsa-miR-223-3p was the highest expressed microRNA in neutrophils and was associated with increased neutrophil counts in the sputum in response to ozone exposure. Multiple microRNAs in the nely module correlated with two mRNA modules enriched for TLR (Toll-like receptor) and T-helper cell type 17 (Th17) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. hsa-miR-223-3p was a key regulator of the TLR and Th17 pathways in the sputum of subjects with asthma.Conclusions: This study of sputum microRNA and mRNA expression from patients with asthma demonstrates the existence of microRNA networks and genes that are associated with features of asthma severity. Among these, hsa-miR-223-3p, a neutrophil-derived microRNA, regulates TLR/Th17 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Gomez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ailu Chen
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maria Paula Diaz
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicholas Zirn
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amolika Gupta
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Clemente Britto
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiting Yan
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emma Stewart
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyle Santerian
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicole Grant
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Qing Liu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Julia Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Lauren Cohn
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil Alexis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Geoffrey L. Chupp
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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19
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Delmotte Q, Diabira D, Belaidouni Y, Hamze M, Kochmann M, Montheil A, Gaiarsa JL, Porcher C, Belgacem YH. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Agonist (SAG) Triggers BDNF Secretion and Promotes the Maturation of GABAergic Networks in the Postnatal Rat Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:98. [PMID: 32425757 PMCID: PMC7212340 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays critical roles during early central nervous system development, such as neural cell proliferation, patterning of the neural tube and neuronal differentiation. While Shh signaling is still present in the postnatal brain, the roles it may play are, however, largely unknown. In particular, Shh signaling components are found at the synaptic junction in the maturing hippocampus during the first two postnatal weeks. This period is characterized by the presence of ongoing spontaneous synaptic activity at the cellular and network levels thought to play important roles in the onset of neuronal circuit formation and synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that non-canonical Shh signaling increases the frequency of the synchronized electrical activity called Giant Depolarizing Potentials (GDP) and enhances spontaneous GABA post-synaptic currents in the rodent hippocampus during the early postnatal period. This effect is mediated specifically through the Shh co-receptor Smoothened via intracellular Ca2+ signal and the activation of the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. Given the importance of these spontaneous events on neuronal network maturation and refinement, this study opens new perspectives for Shh signaling on the control of early stages of postnatal brain maturation and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Diabe Diabira
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmine Belaidouni
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Kochmann
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Institut des Neurosciences de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Montheil
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yesser H Belgacem
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases linked with increased morbidity and healthcare utilization. The underlying pathophysiological processes and causal relationships of asthma with epigenetic mechanisms are partially understood. Here we review human studies of epigenetic mechanisms in asthma, with a special focus on DNA methylation. RECENT FINDINGS Epigenetic studies of childhood asthma have identified specific methylation signatures associated with allergic inflammation in the airway and immune cells, demonstrating a regulatory role for methylation in asthma pathogenesis. Despite these novel findings, additional research in the role of epigenetic mechanisms underlying asthma endotypes is needed. Similarly, studies of histone modifications are also lacking in asthma. Future studies of epigenetic mechanisms in asthma will benefit from data integration in well phenotyped cohorts. This review provides an overview of the current literature on epigenetic studies in human asthma, with special emphasis on methylation and childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Gomez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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21
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Goodwin K, Mao S, Guyomar T, Miller E, Radisky DC, Košmrlj A, Nelson CM. Smooth muscle differentiation shapes domain branches during mouse lung development. Development 2019; 146:dev.181172. [PMID: 31645357 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During branching morphogenesis, a simple cluster of cells proliferates and branches to generate an arborized network that facilitates fluid flow. The overall architecture of the mouse lung is established by domain branching, wherein new branches form laterally off the side of an existing branch. The airway epithelium develops concomitantly with a layer of smooth muscle that is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme. Here, we examined the role of smooth muscle differentiation in shaping emerging domain branches. We found that the position and morphology of domain branches are highly stereotyped, as is the pattern of smooth muscle that differentiates around the base of each branch. Perturbing the pattern of smooth muscle differentiation genetically or pharmacologically causes abnormal domain branching. Loss of smooth muscle results in ectopic branching and decreases branch stereotypy. Increased smooth muscle suppresses branch initiation and extension. Computational modeling revealed that epithelial proliferation is insufficient to generate domain branches and that smooth muscle wrapping is required to shape the epithelium into a branch. Our work sheds light on the physical mechanisms of branching morphogenesis in the mouse lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tristan Guyomar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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22
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Wang W, Cohen JA, Wallrapp A, Trieu KG, Barrios J, Shao F, Krishnamoorthy N, Kuchroo VK, Jones MR, Fine A, Bai Y, Ai X. Age-Related Dopaminergic Innervation Augments T Helper 2-Type Allergic Inflammation in the Postnatal Lung. Immunity 2019; 51:1102-1118.e7. [PMID: 31757673 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Young children are more susceptible to developing allergic asthma than adults. As neural innervation of the peripheral tissue continues to develop after birth, neurons may modulate tissue inflammation in an age-related manner. Here we showed that sympathetic nerves underwent a dopaminergic-to-adrenergic transition during post-natal development of the lung in mice and humans. Dopamine signaled through a specific dopamine receptor (DRD4) to promote T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation. The dopamine-DRD4 pathway acted synergistically with the cytokine IL-4 by upregulating IL-2-STAT5 signaling and reducing inhibitory histone trimethylation at Th2 gene loci. In murine models of allergen exposure, the dopamine-DRD4 pathway augmented Th2 inflammation in the lungs of young mice. However, this pathway operated marginally after sympathetic nerves became adrenergic in the adult lung. Taken together, the communication between dopaminergic nerves and CD4+ T cells provides an age-related mechanism underlying the susceptibility to allergic inflammation in the early lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia Wallrapp
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth G Trieu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliana Barrios
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fengzhi Shao
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Jones
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Fine
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The West Roxbury Veteran's Hospital, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Anand SK, Mondal AC. Neuroanatomical distribution and functions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:754-763. [PMID: 31532010 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an extensively studied protein that is evolutionarily conserved and widely distributed in the brain of vertebrates. It acts via its cognate receptors TrkB and p75NTR and plays a central role in the developmental neurogenesis, neuronal survival, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and brain regeneration. BDNF has also been implicated in a plethora of neurological disorders. Hence, understanding the processes that are controlled by BDNF and their regulating mechanisms is important. Although, BDNF has been thoroughly studied in the mammalian models, contradictory effects of its functions have been reported on several occasions. These contradictory effects may be attributed to the sheer complexity of the mammalian brain. The study of BDNF and its associated functions in a simpler vertebrate model may provide some clarity about the effects of BDNF on the neurophysiology of the brain. Keeping that in mind, this review aims at summarizing the current knowledge about the distribution of BDNF and its associated functions in the zebrafish brain. The main focus of the review is to give a comparative overview of BDNF distribution and function in zebrafish and mammals with respect to distinct life stages. We have also reviewed the regulation of bdnf gene in zebrafish and discussed its role in developmental and adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Kumar Anand
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Kistemaker LEM, Prakash YS. Airway Innervation and Plasticity in Asthma. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:283-298. [PMID: 31165683 PMCID: PMC6863372 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00050.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway nerves represent a mechanistically and therapeutically important aspect that requires better highlighting in the context of diseases such as asthma. Altered structure and function (plasticity) of afferent and efferent airway innervation can contribute to airway diseases. We describe established anatomy, current understanding of how plasticity occurs, and contributions of plasticity to asthma, focusing on target-derived growth factors (neurotrophins). Perspectives toward novel treatment strategies and future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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25
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Zhou J, Fu Y, Liu K, Hou L, Zhang W. miR-206 regulates alveolar type II epithelial cell Cx43 expression in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:296-304. [PMID: 31258665 PMCID: PMC6566111 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII) and alveolar air-blood barrier permeability, and the effect of microRNA-206 (miR-206) on the expression of Cx43 in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. For the in vivo study, rats were divided into the sham, caecum ligation and perforation (CLP), CLP+Cx43 inhibitors (Cx43-In) and CLP+miR-206 analogs (miR-206-Mi) groups. CLP method was used to prepare an acute lung injury model of sepsis. Following successful modeling, lung tissue was collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. Cx43 expression in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Additionally, miR-206 and Cx43 expression levels in lung tissue were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Rat ATII cells were cultured in Transwells plates to form monolayers, then treated with Cx43 mRNA inhibitors or miR-206 analogs. The cell monolayers were then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and their permeability was evaluated by detecting fluorescein-labeled dextran at the lower chamber of the Transwells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to investigate whether miR-206 targeted the 3′ untranslated region of Cx43 mRNA to regulate Cx43 expression, thereby regulating the permeability of the alveolar air-blood barrier. Results demonstrated that the CLP method induced damage to the alveolar structure, thickened the alveolar wall, caused hyperemia and hemorrhage in the pulmonary interstitium and caused infiltration of inflammatory cells. Edema in the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar space, exudation of neutrophilic granulocyte and pink edema fluid in alveolar cavities were also observed. W/D ratio, the BALF protein content, and expression of Cx43mRNA and Cx43 were increased significantly, whilst miR-206 expression decreased compared with the control group. The lung tissue inflammatory response was attenuated, and the W/D ratio and BALF protein content decreased in the Cx43-In and miR-206-Mi groups compared with the CLP group. Moreover, Cx43 mRNA and protein expression were decreased significantly in the Cx43-In and miR-206-Mi groups. In addition, the dual luciferase reporter gene assay determined that the untranslated region of Cx43 mRNA had a complementary sequence to miR-206. Of note, Cx43 mRNA expression in the miR-206-Mi group was not significantly decreased in vitro. In conclusion, the increase in ATII cell Cx43 expression during sepsis-induced acute lung injury resulted in an increase in the permeability of the alveolar air-blood barrier. miR-206 targeted the Cx43 mRNA 3′untranslated region to downregulate Cx43 expression, which further improved the permeability of the alveolar air-blood barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Linyi Hou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Wang XZ, Zhang HH, Qian YL, Tang LF. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and CC chemokine ligand 2 signaling pathways in asthma. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:343-350. [PMID: 31058710 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells are involved, including mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and so on. During the process, many chemokines and mediators are released to engage in recruiting and activating eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. Also, some signaling pathways are involved in the pathobiology of asthma. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is one of the members of hedgehog gene families. Shh signaling plays a critical role in the embryonic development, including the lung. Previous findings from our team reveal that Shh is involved in the asthma pathogenesis. Recombinant Shh could induce the CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) overexpressing and Smo inhibitor GDC-O449 could inhibit CCL2 expression in airway epithelial cells, monocytes, or macrophages. Hence, we reviewed the effects of Shh and CCL2 signaling pathways, and the interaction between signaling pathways in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Ling Qian
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061341. [PMID: 30884865 PMCID: PMC6471208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has regulatory roles in maintaining and restoring lingual taste organs, the papillae and taste buds, and taste sensation. Taste buds and taste nerve responses are eliminated if Hh signaling is genetically suppressed or pharmacologically inhibited, but regeneration can occur if signaling is reactivated within the lingual epithelium. Whereas Hh pathway disruption alters taste sensation, tactile and cold responses remain intact, indicating that Hh signaling is modality-specific in regulation of tongue sensation. However, although Hh regulation is essential in taste, the basic biology of pathway controls is not fully understood. With recent demonstrations that sonic hedgehog (Shh) is within both taste buds and the innervating ganglion neurons/nerve fibers, it is compelling to consider Hh signaling throughout the tongue and taste organ cell and tissue compartments. Distinctive signaling centers and niches are reviewed in taste papilla epithelium, taste buds, basal lamina, fibroblasts and lamellipodia, lingual nerves, and sensory ganglia. Several new roles for the innervation in lingual Hh signaling are proposed. Hh signaling within the lingual epithelium and an intact innervation each is necessary, but only together are sufficient to sustain and restore taste buds. Importantly, patients who use Hh pathway inhibiting drugs confront an altered chemosensory world with loss of taste buds and taste responses, intact lingual touch and cold sensation, and taste recovery after drug discontinuation.
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28
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Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Xu Y, Kalinichenko VV. Building and Regenerating the Lung Cell by Cell. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:513-554. [PMID: 30427276 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique architecture of the mammalian lung is required for adaptation to air breathing at birth and thereafter. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling its morphogenesis provides the framework for understanding the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing data and high-resolution imaging identify the remarkable heterogeneity of pulmonary cell types and provides cell selective gene expression underlying lung development. We will address fundamental issues related to the diversity of pulmonary cells, to the formation and function of the mammalian lung, and will review recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular pathways involved in lung organogenesis. What cells form the lung in the early embryo? How are cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation regulated during lung morphogenesis? How do cells interact during lung formation and repair? How do signaling and transcriptional programs determine cell-cell interactions necessary for lung morphogenesis and function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
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29
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt RNAs that direct posttranscriptional repression of mRNA targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In humans and other mammals, these small RNAs help sculpt the expression of most mRNAs. This article reviews advances in our understanding of the defining features of metazoan miRNAs and their biogenesis, genomics, and evolution. It then reviews how metazoan miRNAs are regulated, how they recognize and cause repression of their targets, and the biological functions of this repression, with a compilation of knockout phenotypes that shows that important biological functions have been identified for most of the broadly conserved miRNAs of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Current treatment focuses on symptomatic relief by temporally dampening inflammation and relaxing the airway. Novel combative strategies against asthma and hopefully a cure are yet to be developed. The goal of this review is to summarize recent literature on neurotrophins (NTs) in experimental models and clinical settings of asthma research. RECENT FINDINGS We highlight studies of early phases of asthma that collectively reveal a profound impact of elevated NT levels following initial detrimental insults on long-term airway dysfunction. We hope this review will foster insights into the complex interaction between NTs, nerves, immune cells, and airway structural cells during a critical time window of development and disease susceptibility. Future studies are required to better understand the role of NTs in asthma pathophysiology and to evaluate whether NTs and their receptors may serve as new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Barrios
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Thorn Building, Rm. 905, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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31
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Tayyab M, Shahi MH, Farheen S, Mariyath MPM, Khanam N, Castresana JS, Hossain MM. Sonic hedgehog, Wnt, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor cell signaling pathway crosstalk: potential therapy for depression. J Neurosci Res 2017. [PMID: 28631844 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are various theories to explain the pathophysiology of depression and support its diagnosis and treatment. The roles of monoamines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Wnt signaling are well researched, but sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and its downstream transcription factor Gli1 are not well studied in depression. Shh signaling plays a fundamental role in embryonic development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and also involved in the growth of cancer. In this article, we summarize the evidence for the Shh signaling pathway in depression and the potential crosstalk of Shh with Wnt and BDNF. Antidepressants are known to upregulate the adult hippocampal neurogenesis to treat depression. Shh plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and its downstream signaling components regulate the synthesis of Wnt proteins. Moreover, the expression of Gli1 and Smo is downregulated in depression. BDNF and Wnt signaling are also regulated by various available antidepressants, so there is the possibility that Shh may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, the crosstalk between the Shh, Wnt, and BDNF signaling pathways is being discussed to identify the potential targets. Specifically, the potential role of the Shh signaling pathway in depression is explored as a new target for better therapies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Tayyab
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mehdi H Shahi
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shirin Farheen
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mubeena P M Mariyath
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nabeela Khanam
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Javier S Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Faculty of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Mobarak Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.,Department of Physiology, JNMC, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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32
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Duan J, Zhang X, Zhang S, Hua S, Feng Z. miR-206 inhibits FN1 expression and proliferation and promotes apoptosis of rat type II alveolar epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3203-3208. [PMID: 28587394 PMCID: PMC5450603 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a syndrome of respiratory distress caused by chronic lung injury, primarily in preterm infants. miR-206 and fibronectin 1 (FN1) are associated with the development of BPD. The present study used rat type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) to investigate the underlying mechanisms of BPD. AECII were isolated using a primary cell culture prior to alkaline phosphatase staining and immunofluorescence of surfactant protein C (SP-C). These were used to verify the presence of AECII. AECII were then divided into four groups, which were transfected with four different plasmids. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the relative expression of miR-206 in the each group. The gene and protein expression level of FN1 was detected by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. The proliferation of AECII in each of the four groups was evaluated using an MTT assay 48 h following transfection. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The present study demonstrated that upregulation of miR-206 decreased the expression of FN1 (P<0.05) and low levels of miR-206 led to increased expression of FN1 (P<0.05) in AECII. Furthermore, the forced expression of miR-206 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of AECII while downregulation of miR-206 had the opposite effect (P<0.05). The results of the current study provide valuable insights into the prevention of BPD and suggest that miR-206 may be used as a potential molecular target for BPD therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, BaYi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Clinical Medical College in Beijing Military General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, BaYi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Clinical Medical College in Beijing Military General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, BaYi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Clinical Medical College in Beijing Military General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, BaYi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Clinical Medical College in Beijing Military General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, BaYi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Clinical Medical College in Beijing Military General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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Yao PJ, Petralia RS, Mattson MP. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Hippocampal Neuroplasticity. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:840-850. [PMID: 27865563 PMCID: PMC5148655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted protein that controls the patterning of neural progenitor cells, and their neuronal and glial progeny, during development. Emerging findings suggest that Shh also has important roles in the formation and plasticity of neuronal circuits in the hippocampus, a brain region of fundamental importance in learning and memory. Shh mediates activity-dependent and injury-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. Activation of Shh receptors in the dendrites of hippocampal neurons engages a trans-neuronal signaling pathway that accelerates axon outgrowth and enhances glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. Impaired Shh signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of several developmental and adult-onset neurological disorders that affect the hippocampus, suggesting a potential for therapeutic interventions that target Shh pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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34
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Peregud DI, Panchenko LF, Gulyaeva NV. MicroRNA may regulate the content of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the frontal cortex of rats after spontaneous morphine withdrawal. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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The human BDNF gene: peripheral gene expression and protein levels as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e958. [PMID: 27874848 PMCID: PMC5314126 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the survival and growth of neurons, and influences synaptic efficiency and plasticity. The human BDNF gene consists of 11 exons, and distinct BDNF transcripts are produced through the use of alternative promoters and splicing events. The majority of the BDNF transcripts can be detected not only in the brain but also in the blood cells, although no study has yet investigated the differential expression of BDNF transcripts at the peripheral level. This review provides a description of the human BDNF gene structure as well as a summary of clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We will discuss several mechanisms as possibly underlying BDNF modulation, including epigenetic mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential use of peripheral BDNF as a biomarker for psychiatric disorders, focusing on the factors that can influence BDNF gene expression and protein levels. Within this context, we have also characterized, for we believe the first time, the expression of BDNF transcripts in the blood, with the aim to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and signaling that may regulate peripheral BDNF gene expression levels.
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36
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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37
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Zhou X, Pace J, Filichia E, Lv T, Davis B, Hoffer B, Selman W, Luo Y. Effect of the sonic hedgehog receptor smoothened on the survival and function of dopaminergic neurons. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:235-45. [PMID: 27317298 PMCID: PMC5479305 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of the sonic hedgehog (shh) pathway and its receptor smoothened (smo), on the survival and functionality of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. BACKGROUND During early development, shh induces the differentiation of DA neurons. However, it is unknown whether shh signaling is required in the maturation or maintenance of DA neurons during later development and adulthood due to the lethality of traditional shh knockout models. METHODS We utilized the cre-loxP system to achieve late developmental stage and cell type-specific deletion of the shh receptor, smo, in DA neurons by crossing DATcre (dopamine transporter) mice with Smo(loxP/loxP) mice. We assessed for differences between knockout (ko) and wildtype (wt) mice using combined histochemistry, gene expression analysis, and behavioral evaluation. Number and size of DA neurons in ventral midbrain and the DA neural terminal density in striatum were measured using unbiased stereological quantification. The survival of DA neurons under neurotoxin challenge was examined in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) Parkinson's disease animal model and the more subtle function under challenge of the dopaminergic system was examined by methamphetamine single- and repeated challenge in wt and ko mice. RESULTS Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neuronal counts and neuronal size in substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) showed no difference between wt and DAT-Smo ko mice in young (5months) or aged (22months) mice. There was also no difference in the striatal DA projections between wt and ko mice in both age groups. In unilateral striatal 6-OHDA lesions modeling Parkinson's disease, using stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA intrastriatally led to loss of dopaminergic neurons in SN and diminished TH positive projections in striatum. However, there was no differences in survival of DA neurons between wt and ko mice. DAT-Smo ko mice demonstrated hyperactivity compared to wt mice at 5months, but showed no difference in activity at 22months. When injected with a one-time bolus of methamphetamine (METH), despite the higher basal locomotion activity, DAT-Smo ko mice showed a diminished response to a single METH challenge. In METH sensitization testing, ko mice showed decreased sensitization compared to wt mice without evidence of a delayed shift in dynamics of sensitization. Gene expression analysis showed decreased gene expression of smo, Gli 1 (known target gene of smo) and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the SN. Gene expression was not altered in striatum for the genes examined in this study including dopamine receptor genes, neurotropic genes such as Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). CONCLUSION Our study showed the smo receptor function is not required for the maturation and survival of DA neurons during late development, aging or under stress challenge. However, smo function has an influence on behavior in young adult mice and in responses of mice to a drug that modulates DA neurochemistry through regulation of gene expression in DA neurons. Since young adult DAT-smo ko mice show hyperactivity and altered response to a psychostimulant drug (METH), this may indicate the involvement of the shh pathway in the development of functional changes that manifest as alterations in DA pathway dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Jonathan Pace
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Emily Filichia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Brandon Davis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Barry Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Warren Selman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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Gao Y, Su J, Guo W, Polich ED, Magyar DP, Xing Y, Li H, Smrt RD, Chang Q, Zhao X. Inhibition of miR-15a Promotes BDNF Expression and Rescues Dendritic Maturation Deficits in MeCP2-Deficient Neurons. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1618-29. [PMID: 25639236 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In both the embryonic and adult brain, a critical step in neurogenesis is neuronal maturation. Deficiency of MeCP2 leads to Rett syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. We have previously shown that MeCP2 plays critical roles in the maturation step of new neurons during neurogenesis. MeCP2 is known to regulate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a potent neurotrophic factor for neuronal maturation. Nevertheless, how MeCP2 regulates BDNF expression and how MeCP2 deficiency leads to reduced BDNF expression remain unclear. Here, we show that MeCP2 regulates the expression of a microRNA, miR-15a. We find that miR-15a plays a significant role in the regulation of neuronal maturation. Overexpression of miR-15a inhibits dendritic morphogenesis in immature neurons. Conversely, a reduction in miR-15a has the opposite effect. We further show that miR-15a regulates expression levels of BDNF, and exogenous BDNF could partially rescue the neuronal maturation deficits resulting from miR-15a overexpression. Finally, inhibition of miR-15a could rescue neuronal maturation deficits in MeCP2-deficient adult-born new neurons. These results demonstrate a novel role for miR-15a in neuronal development and provide a missing link in the regulation of BDNF by MeCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Cushing L, Jiang Z, Kuang P, Lü J. The roles of microRNAs and protein components of the microRNA pathway in lung development and diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 52:397-408. [PMID: 25211015 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0232rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of studies have shown evolutionarily conserved molecular networks consisting of transcriptional factors, diffusing growth factors, and signaling pathways that regulate proper lung development. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), small, noncoding regulatory RNAs, have been integrated into these networks. Significant advances have been made in characterizing the developmental stage- or cell type-specific miRNAs during lung development by using approaches such as genome-wide profiling and in situ hybridization. Results from gain- or loss-of-function studies revealed pivotal roles of protein components of the miRNA pathway and individual miRNAs in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and morphogenesis during lung development. Aberrant expression or functions of these components have been associated with pulmonary disorders, suggesting their involvement in pathogenesis of these diseases. Moreover, genetically modified mice generated in these studies have become useful models of human lung diseases. Challenges in this field include characterization of collective function and responsible targets of miRNAs specifically expressed during lung development, and translation of these basic findings into clinically relevant information for better understanding of human diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss the recent progress on the understanding of how the miRNA pathway regulates lung development, how dysregulation of miRNA activities contributes to pathogenesis of related pulmonary diseases, and to identify relevant questions and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cushing
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
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40
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Moon J, Lee ST, Kong IG, Byun JI, Sunwoo JS, Shin JW, Shim JY, Park JH, Jeon D, Jung KH, Jung KY, Kim DY, Lee SK, Kim M, Chu K. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from elevated olfactory mucosal miR-206 level. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20364. [PMID: 26842588 PMCID: PMC4740889 DOI: 10.1038/srep20364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-206, which suppresses the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, is known to be elevated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We performed intranasal biopsy of the olfactory epithelia of early dementia patients (n = 24) and cognitively healthy controls (n = 9). Patients with significant depression (n = 8) were analyzed separately, as their cognitive impairments were thought to be caused by their depression. Real-time PCR was performed on the biopsied tissues. The relative microRNA-206 level exhibited a 7.8-fold increase (P = 0.004) in the mild cognitive impairment group (CDR 0.5; n = 13) and a 41.5-fold increase (P < 0.001) in the CDR 1 group (n = 11). However, this level was not increased in the depression group, even in those with cognitive decline. Using the optimal cutoff value, the sensitivity/specificity for diagnosing CDR 0.5 and CDR 1 dementia were 87.5%/94.1% and 90.9%/93.3%, respectively. In ROC analysis, the AUCs were 0.942 and 0.976 in the CDR 0.5 and CDR 1 groups, respectively. The olfactory mucosal microRNA-206 level and cognitive assessment scores were significantly correlated in the non-depressed subjects with cognitive impairment. In conclusion, the olfactory mucosal microRNA-206 level can be easily measured, and it can be utilized as an excellent biomarker for the diagnosis of early AD, including mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Neural Technologies, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung-Ick Byun
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoungnam, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Shim
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daejong Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Neural Technologies, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Neural Technologies, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Neural Technologies, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Neural Technologies, Seoul, South Korea.,Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Neural Technologies, Seoul, South Korea
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Mu Y, Zhou H, Wu WJ, Hu LC, Chen HB. Dynamic expression of miR-206-3p during mouse skin development is independent of keratinocyte differentiation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:8113-20. [PMID: 26500069 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-206 (miR-206), the homolog of which in mice is termed miR-206-3p, is a muscle-specific miRNA known to be important in the development of skeletal muscle, and is involved in smooth muscle innervation of the airway through the post‑transcriptional suppression of brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf). miR‑206‑3p is also expressed at significant levels in adult and embryonic skin; however, its functional roles in adult skin and during skin development remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of miR‑206‑3p and its target‑gene, Bdnf, during mouse skin development were investigated. The expression level of miR‑206‑3p increased from 13.5 days postcoitus (dpc), peaked at 17.5 dpc and declined following birth. The observed temporal profile of the expression of miR‑206‑3p was accompanied by an inverse change in the protein expression levels of BDNF. However, the mRNA expression levels of Bdnf did not parallel those of BDNF protein. The localization of the expression of miR‑206‑3p was similar, or located near that of ubiquitin carboxyl‑terminal hydrolase L1 during skin development. An in vitro keratinocyte model demonstrated no significant differences between primary and differentiated keratinocytes in the expression levels of either miR‑206‑3p (P=0.227) or Bdnf (mRNA, P=0.118; mature BDNF, P=0.106; pro‑BDNF, P=0.905). These findings indicate a potential role for miR‑206‑3p in cutaneous innervation, which largely relies on BDNF neurotrophic support and is independent of keratinocyte differentiation. The results of the present study suggested that this novel mechanism may be targeted for developing potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jiang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Li-Chao Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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42
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Hines EA, Sun X. Tissue crosstalk in lung development. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1469-77. [PMID: 24644090 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung development follows a stereotypic program orchestrated by key interactions among epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Deviations from this developmental program can lead to pulmonary diseases including bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Significant efforts have been made to examine the cellular and molecular basis of the tissue interactions underlying these stereotypic developmental processes. Genetically engineered mouse models, lung organ culture, and advanced imaging techniques are a few of the tools that have expanded our understanding of the tissue interactions that drive lung development. Intimate crosstalk has been identified between the epithelium and mesenchyme, distinct mesenchymal tissues, and individual epithelial cells types. For interactions such as the epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk regulating lung specification and branching morphogenesis, the key molecular players, FGF, BMP, WNT, and SHH, are well established. Additionally, VEGF regulation underlies the epithelial-endothelial crosstalk that coordinates airway branching with angiogenesis. Recent work also discovered a novel role for SHH in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition of the mesothelium. In contrast, the molecular basis for the crosstalk between upper airway cartilage and smooth muscle is not yet known. In this review we examine current evidence of the tissue interactions and molecular crosstalk that underlie the stereotypic patterning of the developing lung and mediate injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hines
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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43
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Kim HY, Pang MF, Varner VD, Kojima L, Miller E, Radisky DC, Nelson CM. Localized Smooth Muscle Differentiation Is Essential for Epithelial Bifurcation during Branching Morphogenesis of the Mammalian Lung. Dev Cell 2015; 34:719-26. [PMID: 26387457 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium develops into a tree-like structure via branching morphogenesis. Here, we show a critical role for localized differentiation of airway smooth muscle during epithelial bifurcation in the embryonic mouse lung. We found that during terminal bifurcation, changes in the geometry of nascent buds coincided with patterned smooth muscle differentiation. Evaluating spatiotemporal dynamics of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in reporter mice revealed that αSMA-expressing cells appear at the basal surface of the future epithelial cleft prior to bifurcation and then increase in density as they wrap around the bifurcating bud. Disrupting this stereotyped pattern of smooth muscle differentiation prevents terminal bifurcation. Our results reveal stereotyped differentiation of airway smooth muscle adjacent to nascent epithelial buds and suggest that localized smooth muscle wrapping at the cleft site is required for terminal bifurcation during airway branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mei-Fong Pang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lisa Kojima
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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44
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Al-Qudah M, Alkahtani R, Akbarali H, Murthy K, Grider J. Stimulation of synthesis and release of brain-derived neurotropic factor from intestinal smooth muscle cells by substance P and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1162-74. [PMID: 26088546 PMCID: PMC4520799 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin present in the intestine where it participates in survival and growth of enteric neurons, augmentation of enteric circuits, and stimulation of intestinal peristalsis and propulsion. Previous studies largely focused on the role of neural and mucosal BDNF. The expression and release of BDNF from intestinal smooth muscle and the interaction with enteric neuropeptides has not been studied in gut. METHODS The expression and secretion of BDNF from smooth muscle cultured from the rabbit intestinal longitudinal muscle layer in response to substance P (SP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) was measured by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BDNF mRNA was measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. KEY RESULTS The expression of BNDF protein and mRNA was greater in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the longitudinal muscle than from circular muscle layer. PACAP and SP increased the expression of BDNF protein and mRNA in cultured longitudinal SMCs. PACAP and SP also stimulated the secretion of BDNF from cultured longitudinal SMCs. Chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA (1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) prevented SP-induced increase in BDNF mRNA and protein expression and SP-induced secretion of BDNF. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Neuropeptides known to be present in enteric neurons innervating the longitudinal layer increase the expression of BDNF mRNA and protein in SMCs and stimulate the release of BDNF. Considering the ability of BDNF to enhance smooth muscle contraction, this autocrine loop may partially explain the characteristic hypercontractility of longitudinal muscle in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Qudah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences (VPENS), School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia
| | - R. Alkahtani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences (VPENS), School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia
| | - H.I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences (VPENS), School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia
| | - K.S. Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences (VPENS), School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia
| | - J.R. Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences (VPENS), School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia
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Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by uncontrolled drug consumption and high rates of relapse to drug taking during periods of attempted abstinence. Addiction is now largely considered a disorder of experience-dependent neuroplasticity, driven by remodeling of synapses in reward and motivation relevant brain circuits in response to a history of prolonged drug intake. Alterations in gene expression play a central role in addiction-relevant neuroplasticity, but the mechanisms by which additive drugs remodel brain motivation circuits remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA that can regulate the expression of large numbers of protein-coding mRNA transcripts by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of target transcripts and blocking their translation into the encoded protein or triggering their destabilization and degradation. Emerging evidence has implicated miRNAs in regulating addiction-relevant neuroplasticity in the brain, and in controlling the motivational properties of cocaine and other drugs of abuse. Here, the role for miRNAs in regulating basic aspects of neuronal function is reviewed. The involvement of miRNAs in controlling the motivational properties of addictive drugs is also summarized. Finally, mechanisms by which miRNAs exert their actions on drug intake, when known, are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kenny
- Laboratory of Behavioral & Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Gershoni-Emek N, Chein M, Gluska S, Perlson E. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a spatiotemporal mislocalization disease: location, location, location. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 315:23-71. [PMID: 25708461 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal localization of signals is a fundamental feature impacting cell survival and proper function. The cell needs to respond in an accurate manner in both space and time to both intra- and intercellular environment cues. The regulation of this comprehensive process involves the cytoskeleton and the trafficking machinery, as well as local protein synthesis and ligand-receptor mechanisms. Alterations in such mechanisms can lead to cell dysfunction and disease. Motor neurons that can extend over tens of centimeters are a classic example for the importance of such events. Changes in spatiotemporal localization mechanisms are thought to play a role in motor neuron degeneration that occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review we will discuss these mechanisms and argue that possible misregulated factors can lead to motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Gershoni-Emek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Chein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Gluska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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47
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Varendi K, Mätlik K, Andressoo JO. From microRNA target validation to therapy: lessons learned from studies on BDNF. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1779-94. [PMID: 25601223 PMCID: PMC4412727 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, the identification of microRNA (miR) targets has become common laboratory practice, and various strategies are now used to detect interactions between miRs and their mRNA targets. However, the current lack of a standardized identification process often leads to incomplete and/or conflicting results. Here, we review the problems most commonly encountered when verifying miR–mRNA interactions, and we propose a workflow for future studies. To illustrate the challenges faced when validating a miR target, we discuss studies in which the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by miRs was investigated, and we highlight several controversies that emerged from these studies. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic use of miR inhibitors, and we discuss several questions that should be addressed before proceeding to preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kärt Varendi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
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48
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Johar D, Siragam V, Mahood TH, Keijzer R. New insights into lung development and diseases: the role of microRNAs. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:139-48. [PMID: 25563747 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous noncoding RNA molecules (∼ 22 nucleotides) that can regulate gene expression at the post-transcription level. Research interest in the role of miRNAs in lung biology is emerging. MiRNAs have been implicated in a range of processes such as development, homeostasis, and inflammatory diseases in lung tissues and are capable of inducing differentiation, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. In recent years, several studies have reported that miRNAs are differentially regulated in lung development and lung diseases in response to epigenetic changes, providing new insights for their versatile role in various physiological and pathological processes in the lung. In this review, we discuss the contribution of miRNAs to lung development and diseases and possible future implications in the field of lung biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Johar
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology (adjunct), University of Manitoba and Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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Jiang Z, Cushing L, Ai X, Lü J. miR-326 is downstream of Sonic hedgehog signaling and regulates the expression of Gli2 and smoothened. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:273-83. [PMID: 24617895 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0127oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed and secreted from the embryonic lung epithelium and acts on the adjacent mesenchymal cells via its receptor Patched (Ptch)/Smoothened (Smo) and transcriptional effectors Gli proteins. Genetic studies showed that the Shh pathway plays critical roles in mouse lung development. However, little is known about microRNAs (miRNAs) downstream of Shh in embryonic lungs. Here we profiled miRNAs in embryonic lung cultures treated with cyclopamine, a specific Smo antagonist or with Smo agonist by next-generation of sequencing. We then performed functional screening to examine whether some of these miRNAs can modulate the induction of Gli-responsive luciferase by Shh treatment. These analyses revealed that expression of miR-326 and its host gene, Arrestin β1, is selectively enriched in embryonic lung mesenchymal cells and is specifically influenced by Shh activity. Furthermore, functional analyses showed that miR-326 acts as a negative modulator for Shh signaling by directly targeting Smo and Gli2. Together, these findings suggest a novel miR-326-negative feedback loop in regulating the activity of Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Jiang
- 1 Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Rosner SR, Ram-Mohan S, Paez-Cortez JR, Lavoie TL, Dowell ML, Yuan L, Ai X, Fine A, Aird WC, Solway J, Fredberg JJ, Krishnan R. Airway contractility in the precision-cut lung slice after cryopreservation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:876-81. [PMID: 24313705 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0166ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging tool in airway biology is the precision-cut lung slice (PCLS). Adoption of the PCLS as a model for assessing airway reactivity has been hampered by the limited time window within which tissues remain viable. Here we demonstrate that the PCLS can be frozen, stored long-term, and then thawed for later experimental use. Compared with the never-frozen murine PCLS, the frozen-thawed PCLS shows metabolic activity that is decreased to an extent comparable to that observed in other cryopreserved tissues but shows no differences in cell viability or in airway caliber responses to the contractile agonist methacholine or the relaxing agonist chloroquine. These results indicate that freezing and long-term storage is a feasible solution to the problem of limited viability of the PCLS in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Rosner
- 1 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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