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Xie B, Yuan H, Zou X, Lu M, Zhang Y, Xu D, Peng X, Wang D, Zhao M, Wen X. p75NTR promotes tooth rhythmic mineralization via upregulation of BMAL1/CLOCK. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1283878. [PMID: 38020910 PMCID: PMC10662321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1283878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock plays a critical role in dentomaxillofacial development. Tooth biomineralization is characterized by the circadian clock; however, the mechanisms underlying the coordination of circadian rhythms with tooth development and biomineralization remain unclear. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a clock factor that regulates the oscillatory components of the circadian rhythm. This study aims to investigate the impact of p75NTR on the rhythmic mineralization of teeth and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. We generated p75NTR knockout mice to examine the effects of p75NTR deficiency on tooth mineralization. Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), derived from mouse tooth germs, were used for in vitro experiments. Results showed a reduction in tooth mineral density and daily mineralization rate in p75NTR knockout mice. Deletion of p75NTR decreased the expression of DMP1, DSPP, RUNX2, and ALP in tooth germ. Odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of EMSCs were activated by p75NTR. Histological results demonstrated predominant detection of p75NTR protein in odontoblasts and stratum intermedium cells during rapid formation phases of dental hard tissue. The mRNA expression of p75NTR exhibited circadian variations in tooth germs and EMSCs, consistent with the expression patterns of the core clock genes Bmal1 and Clock. The upregulation of BMAL1/CLOCK expression by p75NTR positively regulated the mineralization ability of EMSCs, whereas BMAL1 and CLOCK exerted a negative feedback regulation on p75NTR by inhibiting its promoter activity. Our findings suggest that p75NTR is necessary to maintain normal tooth biomineralization. Odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of EMSCs is regulated by the p75NTR-BMAL1/CLOCK signaling axis. These findings offer valuable insights into the associations between circadian rhythms, tooth development, and biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuqiang Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Manzhu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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2
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Xu X, Wang J, Chen G. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220712. [PMID: 37872969 PMCID: PMC10590615 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian cycle is a fundamental characteristic of life formed in the long-term evolution of organisms and plays an important role in maintaining the proliferation, migration, and activation of immune cells. Studies have shown that circadian rhythm disorders affect the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation by inducing glial cell activation and peripheral immune responses. In this article, we briefly described the research progress of neuroinflammation and circadian rhythm in recent years and explored the effects and possible mechanism of circadian rhythmicity on microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Xu
- College of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan430022, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan430022, China
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Yuan H, Xie B, Yu X, Lin C, Li M, Zhang Y, Zou X, Lu M, Zhao M, Wen X. A potential role of p75NTR in the regulation of circadian rhythm and incremental growth lines during tooth development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:981311. [PMID: 36213234 PMCID: PMC9539461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tooth morphogenesis and the formation of hard tissues have been reported to be closely related to circadian rhythms. This study investigates the spatiotemporal expression and relationship of p75NTR with core clock genes, mineralization-related or odontogenesis-related genes, and aims to derive the potential role of p75NTR in regulating circadian rhythm and incrementality growth line formation during tooth development. Materials and methods: The dynamic morphology of the rat dental germ was observed at seven stages (E14.5 d, E16.5 d, E18.5 d, P.N. 4 d, P.N. 7 d, P.N. 10 d, and P.N. 15 d). Next, the expressions of p75NTR and other target factors were traced. The ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were isolated from the E18.5d rat dental germs and synchronized using 50% of fetal bovine serum. Then, they were cultured in light/light (L.L.), dark/dark (D.D.), and light/dark (L.D.) conditions for 48 h. The total RNA was collected every 4 h, and the circadian rhythm dynamics of target factors were observed. To reveal the mechanism further, p75NTR was down-regulated in p75NTRExIII−/− mice and up-regulated in immortalized mouse dental apical papilla progenitor cells. The change tendencies of other target factors were also detected. Results: The clock genes Bmal1, Clock, Per1, and Per2 were all expressed in tooth germs before the formation of dental hard tissues and demonstrated a regular oscillating expression pattern in EMSCs from dental germs. Their expression was affected by the L.D. stimulus, and most of them were promoted by D.D. conditions. p75NTR presented a similar expression pattern and a positive or negative relationship with most clock genes, mineralization-related and odontogenesis-related factors, such as brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (Bmal1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), MSH-like 1 (MSX1), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp). Moreover, the arrangement, morphology, and even boundary in pre-odontoblast/pre-ameloblast layers were disordered in the p75NTRExIII−/− mice. Conclusion: Circadian rhythm was found to affect tooth development. p75NTR might play a crucial role in regulating clock genes in the mineralization and formation of the dental hard tissues. p75NTR is actively involved in the odontoblast-ameloblast junction and cell polarity establishment during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuqiang Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manzhu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujie Wen, ; Manzhu Zhao,
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujie Wen, ; Manzhu Zhao,
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Bilu C, Einat H, Zimmet P, Kronfeld-Schor N. Circadian rhythms-related disorders in diurnal fat sand rats under modern lifestyle conditions: A review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:963449. [PMID: 36160856 PMCID: PMC9489903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.963449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle reduces environmental rhythmicity and may lead to circadian desynchrony. We are exposed to poor day-time lighting indoors and excessive night-time artificial light. We use air-conditioning to reduce ambient temperature cycle, and food is regularly available at all times. These disruptions of daily rhythms may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), depression and anxiety, all of which impose major public health and economic burden on societies. Therefore, we need appropriate animal models to gain a better understanding of their etiologic mechanisms, prevention, and management.We argue that the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus), a diurnal animal model, is most suitable for studying the effects of modern-life conditions. Numerous attributes make it an excellent model to study human health disorders including T2DM, CMD, depression and anxiety. Here we review a comprehensive series of studies we and others conducted, utilizing the fat sand rat to study the underlying interactions between biological rhythms and health. Understanding these interactions will help deciphering the biological basis of these diseases, which often occur concurrently. We found that when kept in the laboratory (compared with natural and semi-wild outdoors conditions where they are diurnal), fat sand rats show low amplitude, nocturnal or arrhythmic activity patterns, dampened daily glucose rhythm, glucose intolerance, obesity and decreased survival rates. Short photoperiod acclimation exacerbates these pathologies and further dampens behavioral and molecular daily rhythms, resulting in CMD, T2DM, obesity, adipocyte dysfunction, cataracts, depression and anxiety. Increasing environmental rhythmicity by morning bright light exposure or by access to running wheels strengthens daily rhythms, and results in higher peak-to-trough difference in activity, better rhythmicity in clock genes expression, lower blood glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, lower body and heart weight, and lower anxiety and depression. In summary, we have demonstrated that fat sand rats living under the correspondent of “human modern lifestyle” conditions exhibit dampened behavioral and biological rhythms and develop circadian desynchrony, which leads to what we have named “The Circadian Syndrome”. Environmental manipulations that increase rhythmicity result in improvement or prevention of these pathologies. Similar interventions in human subjects could have the same positive results and further research on this should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Bilu
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Carmel Bilu,
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zhu Y, Gao M, Huang H, Gao SH, Liao LY, Tao Y, Cheng H, Gao CY. p75NTR Ectodomain Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Pathologies in a Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation Mice Model. Neuroscience 2022; 496:27-37. [PMID: 35697320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) is a circadian rhythm regulator and mediates cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation (SD). The soluble extracellular domain of p75NTR (p75ECD) has been shown to exert a neuroprotective function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression animal models. Nevertheless, the role of p75ECD in SD-induced cognitive dysfunction is unclear. In the present study we administrated p75ECD-Fc (10, 3 mg/kg), a recombinant fusion protein of human p75ECD and fragment C of immunoglobulin IgG1, to treat mice via intraperitoneal injection. The results revealed that peripheral supplementation of high-dose p75ECD-Fc (10 mg/kg) recovered the balance between Aβ and p75ECD in the hippocampus and rescued the cognitive deficits in SD mice. We also found that p75ECD-Fc ameliorated other pathologies induced by SD, including neuronal apoptosis, synaptic plasticity impairment and neuroinflammation. The current study suggests that p75ECD-Fc is a potential candidate for SD and peripheral supplementation of p75ECD-Fc may be a prospective preventive measure for cognitive decline in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Hao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Yi Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China.
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Effects of photoperiod and diet on BDNF daily rhythms in diurnal sand rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113666. [PMID: 34808195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptors and epigenetic modulators, are implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders, T2DM and the circadian system function. We used diurnal sand rats, which develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM), anxiety and depressive-like behavior under laboratory conditions. The development of these disorders is accelerated when animals are maintained under short photoperiod (5:19L:D, SP) compared to neutral photoperiod (12:12L:D, NP). We compared rhythms in plasma BDNF as well as BDNF and PER2 expression in the frontal cortex and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of sand rats acclimated to SP and NP. Acclimation to SP resulted in higher insulin levels, significantly higher glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test, and significantly higher anxiety- and depression-like behaviors compared with animals acclimated to NP. NP Animals exhibited a significant daily rhythm in plasma BDNF levels with higher levels during the night, and in BDNF expression levels in the frontal cortex and SCN. No significant BDNF rhythm was found in the plasma, frontal cortex or SCN of SP acclimated animals. We propose that in sand rats, BDNF may, at least in part, mediate the effects of circadian disruption on the development of anxiety and depressive-like behavior and T2DM.
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7
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P75 neurotrophin receptor controls subventricular zone neural stem cell migration after stroke. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:415-431. [PMID: 34698916 PMCID: PMC8975773 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) originating from the subventricular zone (SVZ) contribute to the brain repair process. However, molecular mechanisms underlying CNS disease-induced SVZ NSPC-redirected migration to the lesion area are poorly understood. Here, we show that genetic depletion of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR−/−) in mice reduced SVZ NSPC migration towards the lesion area after cortical injury and that p75NTR−/− NSPCs failed to migrate upon BDNF stimulation in vitro. Cortical injury rapidly increased p75NTR abundance in SVZ NSPCs via bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor signaling. SVZ-derived p75NTR−/− NSPCs revealed an altered cytoskeletal network- and small GTPase family-related gene and protein expression. In accordance, BMP-treated non-migrating p75NTR−/− NSPCs revealed an altered morphology and α-tubulin expression compared to BMP-treated migrating wild-type NSPCs. We propose that BMP-induced p75NTR abundance in NSPCs is a regulator of SVZ NSPC migration to the lesion area via regulation of the cytoskeleton following cortical injury.
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Role of Glycans on Key Cell Surface Receptors That Regulate Cell Proliferation and Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051252. [PMID: 34069424 PMCID: PMC8159107 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo proliferation and apoptosis, migration and differentiation via a number of cell surface receptors, most of which are heavily glycosylated. This review discusses receptor glycosylation and the known roles of glycans on the functions of receptors expressed in diverse cell types. We included growth factor receptors that have an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, growth factor receptors that have a serine/threonine kinase domain, and cell-death-inducing receptors. N- and O-glycans have a wide range of functions including roles in receptor conformation, ligand binding, oligomerization, and activation of signaling cascades. A better understanding of these functions will enable control of cell survival and cell death in diseases such as cancer and in immune responses.
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Van Drunen R, Eckel-Mahan K. Circadian Rhythms of the Hypothalamus: From Function to Physiology. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:189-226. [PMID: 33668705 PMCID: PMC7931002 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nearly ubiquitous expression of endogenous 24 h oscillations known as circadian rhythms regulate the timing of physiological functions in the body. These intrinsic rhythms are sensitive to external cues, known as zeitgebers, which entrain the internal biological processes to the daily environmental changes in light, temperature, and food availability. Light directly entrains the master clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which lies in the hypothalamus of the brain and is responsible for synchronizing internal rhythms. However, recent evidence underscores the importance of other hypothalamic nuclei in regulating several essential rhythmic biological functions. These extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei also express circadian rhythms, suggesting distinct regions that oscillate either semi-autonomously or independent of SCN innervation. Concurrently, the extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei are also sensitized to fluctuations in nutrient and hormonal signals. Thus, food intake acts as another powerful entrainer for the hypothalamic oscillators' mediation of energy homeostasis. Ablation studies and genetic mouse models with perturbed extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei function reveal their critical downstream involvement in an array of functions including metabolism, thermogenesis, food consumption, thirst, mood and sleep. Large epidemiological studies of individuals whose internal circadian cycle is chronically disrupted reveal that disruption of our internal clock is associated with an increased risk of obesity and several neurological diseases and disorders. In this review, we discuss the profound role of the extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei in rhythmically regulating and coordinating body wide functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Van Drunen
- MD Anderson UTHealth School Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX 77030, USA;
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- MD Anderson UTHealth School Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX 77030, USA;
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang P, Pan J, Tian X, Dong X, Ju W, Wang Y, Zhong N. Transcriptomics-determined chemokine-cytokine pathway presents a common pathogenic mechanism in pregnancy loss and spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13398. [PMID: 33565696 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Various etiological factors, such as infection and inflammation, may induce the adverse outcomes of pregnancy of miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm birth. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with these adverse pregnancies are yet unclear. We hypothesized that a common pathogenic mechanism may underlie variant adverse outcomes of pregnancy, which are induced by genetic-environmental factors. The specific objective of the current study is to uncover the common molecular mechanism(s) by identifying the specific transcripts that are present in variant subtypes of pregnancy loss and preterm birth. METHOD OF STUDY Transcriptomic profiling was performed with RNA expression microarray or RNA sequencing of placentas derived from pregnancy loss (which includes spontaneous miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, and stillbirth) and spontaneous preterm birth, followed by bioinformatic analysis of multi-omic integration to identify pathogenic molecules and pathways involved in pathological pregnancies. RESULTS The enrichment of common differentially expressed genes between full-term birth and preterm birth and pregnancy loss of miscarriage and stillbirth revealed different pathophysiological pathway(s), including cytokine signaling dysregulated in spontaneous preterm birth, defense response, graft-versus-host disease, antigen processing and presentation, and T help cell differentiation in spontaneous miscarriage. Thirty-three genes shared between spontaneous preterm birth and spontaneous miscarriage were engaged in pathways of interferon gamma-mediated signaling and of antigen processing and presentation. For spontaneous miscarriage, immune response was enriched in the fetal tissue of chorionic villi and in the maternal facet of the placental sac. The transcript of nerve growth factor receptor was identified as the common molecule that is differentially expressed in all adverse pregnancies: spontaneous preterm birth, stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage, and recurrent miscarriage. Superoxide dismutase 2 was up-regulated in all adverse outcomes of pregnancy except for recurrent miscarriage. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was the common pathway in spontaneous preterm birth and spontaneous miscarriage. Defense response was enriched in the fetal tissue of miscarriage and in the maternal tissue in spontaneous miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the chemokine-cytokine pathway may play important roles in and function as a common pathogenic mechanism associated with, the different adverse outcomes of pregnancy, which demonstrated that differentially expressed transcripts could result from a common pathogenic mechanism associated with pregnancy loss and spontaneous preterm birth, although individual pregnancy outcomes may differ from each other phenotypically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Wang
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Product Administration, 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Xiujuan Tian
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Ju
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Brancaccio M, Wolfes AC, Ness N. Astrocyte Circadian Timekeeping in Brain Health and Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1344:87-110. [PMID: 34773228 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brancaccio
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Anne C Wolfes
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Ness
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Yamakawa G, Brady R, Sun M, McDonald S, Shultz S, Mychasiuk R. The interaction of the circadian and immune system: Desynchrony as a pathological outcome to traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2020; 9:100058. [PMID: 33364525 PMCID: PMC7752723 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and costly worldwide phenomenon that can lead to many negative health outcomes including disrupted circadian function. There is a bidirectional relationship between the immune system and the circadian system, with mammalian coordination of physiological activities being controlled by the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN receives light information from the external environment and in turn synchronizes rhythms throughout the brain and body. The SCN is capable of endogenous self-sustained oscillatory activity through an intricate clock gene negative feedback loop. Following TBI, the response of the immune system can become prolonged and pathophysiological. This detrimental response not only occurs in the brain, but also within the periphery, where a leaky blood brain barrier can permit further infiltration of immune and inflammatory factors. The prolonged and pathological immune response that follows TBI can have deleterious effects on clock gene cycling and circadian function not only in the SCN, but also in other rhythmic areas throughout the body. This could bring about a state of circadian desynchrony where different rhythmic structures are no longer working together to promote optimal physiological function. There are many parallels between the negative symptomology associated with circadian desynchrony and TBI. This review discusses the significant contributions of an immune-disrupted circadian system on the negative symptomology following TBI. The implications of TBI symptomology as a disorder of circadian desynchrony are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R.D. Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S.J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S.R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - R. Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Vidal A, Redmer T. Decoding the Role of CD271 in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092460. [PMID: 32878000 PMCID: PMC7564075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, is triggered by driver mutations that are acquired in the coding regions of particularly BRAF (rat fibrosarcoma serine/threonine kinase, isoform B) or NRAS (neuroblastoma-type ras sarcoma virus) in melanocytes. Although driver mutations strongly determine tumor progression, additional factors are likely required and prerequisite for melanoma formation. Melanocytes are formed during vertebrate development in a well-controlled differentiation process of multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). However, mechanisms determining the properties of melanocytes and melanoma cells are still not well understood. The nerve growth factor receptor CD271 is likewise expressed in melanocytes, melanoma cells and NCSCs and programs the maintenance of a stem-like and migratory phenotype via a comprehensive network of associated genes. Moreover, CD271 regulates phenotype switching, a process that enables the rapid and reversible conversion of proliferative into invasive or non-stem-like states into stem-like states by yet largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we summarize current findings about CD271-associated mechanisms in melanoma cells and illustrate the role of CD271 for melanoma cell migration and metastasis, phenotype-switching, resistance to therapeutic interventions, and the maintenance of an NCSC-like state.
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Shay DA, Welly RJ, Givan SA, Bivens N, Kanaley J, Marshall BL, Lubahn DB, Rosenfeld CS, Vieira-Potter VJ. Changes in nucleus accumbens gene expression accompany sex-specific suppression of spontaneous physical activity in aromatase knockout mice. Horm Behav 2020; 121:104719. [PMID: 32081742 PMCID: PMC7387966 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase catalyzes conversion of testosterone to estradiol and is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the brain. Suppression of aromatase adversely affects metabolism and physical activity behavior, but mechanisms remain uncertain. The hypothesis tested herein was that whole body aromatase deletion would cause gene expression changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain regulating motivated behaviors such as physical activity, which is suppressed with loss of estradiol. Metabolic and behavioral assessments were performed in male and female wild-type (WT) and aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice. NAc-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with RNAseq, and associations between the measured phenotypic traits were determined. Female ArKO mice had greater percent body fat, reduced spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed less energy, and had lower relative resting energy expenditure (REE) than WT females. Such differences were not observed in ArKO males. However, in both sexes, a top DEG was Pts, a gene encoding an enzyme necessary for catecholamine (e.g., dopamine) biosynthesis. In comparing male and female WT mice, top DEGs were related to sexual development/fertility, immune regulation, obesity, dopamine signaling, and circadian regulation. SPA correlated strongly with Per3, a gene regulating circadian function, thermoregulation, and metabolism (r = -0.64, P = .002), which also correlated with adiposity (r = 0.54, P = .01). In conclusion, aromatase ablation leads to gene expression changes in NAc, which may in turn result in reduced SPA and related metabolic abnormalities. These findings may have significance to post-menopausal women and those treated with an aromatase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusti A Shay
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Givan
- Informatics Research Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Jill Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Brittney L Marshall
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA.
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Zhao M, Wang Y, Li G, Li J, Yang K, Liu C, Wen X, Song J. The role and potential mechanism of p75NTR in mineralization via in vivo p75NTR knockout mice and in vitro ectomesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12758. [PMID: 31922317 PMCID: PMC7048213 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role and potential mechanism of p75NTR in mineralization in vivo using p75NTR-knockout mice and in vitro using ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Femur bone mass and daily incisor mineralization speed were assessed in an in vivo p75NTR-knockout mouse model. The molecular signatures alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (Col1), melanoma-associated antigen (Mage)-D1, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), distal-less homeobox 1 (Dlx1) and Msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) were examined in vitro in EMSCs isolated from p75NTR+/+ and p75NTRExIII-/- mice. RESULTS p75NTR-knockout mice were smaller in body size than heterozygous and wild-type mice. Micro-computed tomography and structural quantification showed that the osteogenic ability of p75NTRExIII -knockout mice was significantly decreased compared with that of wild-type mice (P < .05). Weaker ALP and alizarin red staining and reduced expression of ALP, Col1, Runx2, BSP, OCN and OPN were also observed in p75NTRExIII-/- EMSCs. Moreover, the distance between calcein fluorescence bands in p75NTRExIII -knockout mice was significantly smaller than that in wild type and heterozygous mice (P < .05), indicating the lower daily mineralization speed of incisors in p75NTRExIII -knockout mice. Further investigation revealed a positive correlation between p75NTR and Mage-D1, Dlx1, and Msx1. CONCLUSION p75NTR not only promotes osteogenic differentiation and tissue mineralization, but also shows a possible relationship with the circadian rhythm of dental hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhu Zhao
- College of StomatologyChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- College of StomatologyChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of OrthodonticsHospital of StomatologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of StomatologyChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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16
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Podyma B, Johnson DA, Sipe L, Remcho TP, Battin K, Liu Y, Yoon SO, Deppmann CD, Güler AD. The p75 neurotrophin receptor in AgRP neurons is necessary for homeostatic feeding and food anticipation. eLife 2020; 9:e52623. [PMID: 31995032 PMCID: PMC7056271 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of neurons control feeding and activity patterns by integrating internal metabolic signals of energy balance with external environmental cues such as time-of-day. Proper circadian alignment of feeding behavior is necessary to prevent metabolic disease, and thus it is imperative that molecular players that maintain neuronal coordination of energy homeostasis are identified. Here, we demonstrate that mice lacking the p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, decrease their feeding and food anticipatory behavior (FAA) in response to daytime, but not nighttime, restricted feeding. These effects lead to increased weight loss, but do not require p75NTR during development. Instead, p75NTR is required for fasting-induced activation of neurons within the arcuate hypothalamus. Indeed, p75NTR specifically in AgRP neurons is required for FAA in response to daytime restricted feeding. These findings establish p75NTR as a novel regulator gating behavioral response to food scarcity and time-of-day dependence of circadian food anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Podyma
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Dove-Anna Johnson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Laura Sipe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | | | - Katherine Battin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and PharmacologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusUnited States
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and PharmacologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusUnited States
| | | | - Ali Deniz Güler
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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17
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Kumar A, Kumar P, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Narayan RK, Raza K, Prasoon P, Sharma VK. Neurotrophin mediated HPA axis dysregulation in stress induced genesis of psychiatric disorders: Orchestration by epigenetic modifications. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Wong LW, Tann JY, Ibanez CF, Sajikumar S. The p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Is an Essential Mediator of Impairments in Hippocampal-Dependent Associative Plasticity and Memory Induced by Sleep Deprivation. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5452-5465. [PMID: 31085607 PMCID: PMC6616296 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2876-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) interferes with hippocampal structural and functional plasticity, formation of long-term memory and cognitive function. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. Here, we show that SD impaired synaptic tagging and capture and behavioral tagging, two major mechanisms of associative learning and memory. Strikingly, mutant male mice lacking the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) were resistant to the detrimental effects of SD on hippocampal plasticity at both cellular and behavioral levels. Mechanistically, SD increased p75NTR expression and its interaction with phosphodiesterase. p75NTR deletion preserved hippocampal structural and functional plasticity by preventing SD-mediated effects on hippocampal cAMP-CREB-BDNF, cAMP-PKA-LIMK1-cofilin, and RhoA-ROCK2 pathways. Our study identifies p75NTR as an important mediator of hippocampal structural and functional changes associated with SD, and suggests that targeting p75NTR could be a promising strategy to limit the memory and cognitive deficits that accompany sleep loss.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lack of sufficient sleep is a major health concern in today's world. Sleep deprivation (SD) affects cognitive functions such as memory. We have investigated how associative memory mechanisms, synaptic tagging and capture (STC), was impaired in SD mice at cellular and behavioral level. Interestingly, mutant male mice that lacked the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) were seen to be resistant to the SD-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and STC. Additionally, we elucidated the molecular pathways responsible for this rescue of plasticity in the mutant mice. Our study has thus identified p75NTR as a promising target to limit the cognitive deficits associated with SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik-Wei Wong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, and
| | - Jason Y Tann
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, and
| | - Carlos F Ibanez
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, and
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-17177, Sweden
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore,
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, and
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19
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Circadian control of BDNF-mediated Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects dopaminergic neurons from ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:169-178. [PMID: 30189266 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte-neuron interactions protect neurons from iron-mediated toxicity. As dopamine can be metabolized to reactive quinones, dopaminergic neurons are susceptible to oxidative damage and ferroptosis-like induced cell death. Detoxification enzymes are required to protect neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in the regulation of redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 in astrocytes and metabolic cooperation between astrocytes and neurons. This article reviews the importance of BDNF and astrocyte-neuron interactions in the protection of neurons against oxidative damages in rodent brains. We previously proposed that BDNF activates Nrf2 via the truncated TrkB.T1 and p75NTR receptor complex in astrocytes. Stimulation by BDNF generates the signaling molecule ceramide, which activates PKCζ leading to induction of the CK2-Nrf2 signaling axis. As a cell clock regulates p75NTR expression, we suggested that BDNF effectively activates Nrf2 in astrocytes during the rest phase. In contrast, neurons express both TrkB.FL and TrkB.T1, and TrkB.FL tyrosine kinase activity inhibits p75NTR-dependent ceramide generation and internalizes p75NTR. Therefore, BDNF may not effectively activate Nrf2 in neurons. Notably, neurons only weakly activate detoxification and antioxidant enzymes/proteins via the Nrf2-ARE signaling axis. Thus, astrocytes may provide relevant transcripts and/or proteins to neurons via microparticles/exosomes increasing neuronal resistance to oxidative stress. Circadian increases in the levels of circulating glucocorticoids may further facilitate material transfer from astrocytes to neurons via the stimulation of pannexin 1 channels-P2X7R signaling pathway in astrocytes at the beginning of the active phase. Dysregulation of astrocyte-neuron interactions could therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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20
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Breit A, Miek L, Schredelseker J, Geibel M, Merrow M, Gudermann T. Insulin-like growth factor-1 acts as a zeitgeber on hypothalamic circadian clock gene expression via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17278-17290. [PMID: 30217816 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (BMAL-1) is an important component of the cellular circadian clock. Proteins such as epidermal (EGF) or nerve growth factor (NGF) affect the cellular clock via extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK-1/2) in NIH3T3 or neuronal stem cells, but no such data are available for the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The hypothalamus expresses receptors for all three growth factors, acts as a central circadian pacemaker, and releases hormones in a circadian fashion. However, little is known about growth factor-induced modulation of clock gene activity in hypothalamic cells. Here, we investigated effects of IGF-1, EGF, or NGF on the Bmal-1 promoter in two hypothalamic cell lines. We found that only IGF-1 but not EGF or NGF enhanced activity of the Bmal-1 promoter. Inhibition of ERK-1/2 activity did not affect IGF-1-induced Bmal-1 promoter activation and all three growth factors similarly phosphorylated ERK-1/2, questioning a role for ERK-1/2 in controlling BMAL-1 promoter activity. Of note, only IGF-1 induced sustained phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Moreover, the GSK-3β inhibitor lithium or siRNA-mediated GSK-3β knockdown diminished the effects of IGF-1 on the Bmal-1 promoter. When IGF-1 was used in the context of temperature cycles entraining hypothalamic clock gene expression to a 24-h rhythm, it shifted the phase of Bmal-1 promoter activity, indicating that IGF-1 functions as a zeitgeber for cellular hypothalamic circadian clocks. Our results reveal that IGF-1 regulates clock gene expression and that GSK-3β but not ERK-1/2 is required for the IGF-1-mediated regulation of the Bmal-1 promoter in hypothalamic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Breit
- From the Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich and
| | - Laura Miek
- From the Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich and
| | - Johann Schredelseker
- From the Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich and
| | - Mirjam Geibel
- the Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Martha Merrow
- the Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- From the Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich and
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21
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Chen P, Zhang R, Mou L, Li X, Qin Y, Li X. An impaired hepatic clock system effects lipid metabolism in rats with nephropathy. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2720-2736. [PMID: 30132511 PMCID: PMC6192718 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a key clinical feature in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) that is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events. Recent studies have suggested that the disorders of triglycerides, gluconeogenesis and liver glucose metabolism are associated with the abnormal transcription of clock genes. However, changes to the circadian rhythm of blood lipids in NS require further exploration, and the effects of NS on the hepatic clock system remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the impaired diurnal rhythm of the hepatic core clock genes (BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, PER1 and PER2) significantly induced circadian rhythm abnormalities in liver-specific clock-controlled genes (LXR, CYP7A1, SREBP-1, ABCA1, DEC1 and DEC2; all P<0.05), which were significantly associated with the abnormal diurnal rhythms of triglyceride, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (all P<0.05) in rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network was identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses based on the human database was conducted to obtain signaling pathway and correlation prediction analyses of overall human clock and clock-controlled gene correlations. Strong correlations of the aforementioned clock genes were detected (avg. local clustering coefficient, 0.849) which suggested significant enrichment in circadian rhythm signaling. The present results indicated that damage to hepatic clock systems may impact blood lipid circadian rhythm disorders in NS, and offer a starting point for understanding the crosstalk between peripheral organs and peripheral clock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xuewang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Aguilar-Roblero
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Circadian control of p75 neurotrophin receptor leads to alternate activation of Nrf2 and c-Rel to reset energy metabolism in astrocytes via brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:34-44. [PMID: 29374533 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock genes regulate energy metabolism partly through neurotrophins in the body. The low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR is a clock component directly regulated by the transcriptional factor Clock:Bmal1 complex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in the brain and plays a key role in coordinating metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes. BDNF transduces signals through TrkB and p75NTR receptors. This review highlights a novel molecular mechanism by which BDNF via circadian control of p75NTR leads to daily resetting of glucose and glycogen metabolism in brain astrocytes to accommodate their functional interaction with neurons. Astrocytes store glycogen as an energy reservoir to provide active neurons with the glycolytic metabolite lactate. Astrocytes predominantly express the truncated receptor TrkB.T1 which lacks an intracellular receptor tyrosine kinase domain. TrkB.T1 retains the capacity to regulate cell morphology through regulation of Rho GTPases. In contrast, p75NTR mediates generation of the bioactive lipid ceramide upon stimulation with BDNF and inhibits PKA activation. As ceramide directly activates PKCζ, we discuss the importance of the TrkB.T1-p75NTR-ceramide-PKCζ signaling axis in the stimulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis and activation of RhoA. Ceramide-PKCζ-casein kinase 2 signaling activates Nrf2 to support oxidative phosphorylation via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. In the absence of p75NTR, TrkB.T1 functionally interacts with adenosine A2AR and dopamine D1R receptors to enhance cAMP-PKA signaling and activate Rac1 and NF-κB c-Rel, favoring glycogen hydrolysis, gluconeogenesis and aerobic glycolysis. Thus, diurnal changes in p75NTR levels in astrocytes resets energy metabolism via BDNF to accommodate their metabolic interaction with neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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24
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Nakahata Y, Yasukawa S, Khaidizar FD, Shimba S, Matsui T, Bessho Y. Bmal1-deficient mouse fibroblast cells do not provide premature cellular senescence in vitro. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:730-738. [PMID: 29372841 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1430038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bmal1 is a core circadian clock gene. Bmal1-/- mice show disruption of the clock and premature aging phenotypes with a short lifespan. However, little is known whether disruption of Bmal1 leads to premature aging at cellular level. Here, we established primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells derived from Bmal1-/- mice and investigated its effects on cellular senescence. Unexpectedly, Bmal1-/- primary MEFs that showed disrupted circadian oscillation underwent neither premature replicative nor stress-induced cellular senescence. Our results therefore uncover that Bmal1 is not required for in vitro cellular senescence, suggesting that circadian clock does not control in vitro cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Shiori Yasukawa
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Fiqri Dizar Khaidizar
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- b Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , Funabashi , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
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25
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Ishii T, Mann GE. When and how does brain-derived neurotrophic factor activate Nrf2 in astrocytes and neurons? Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:803-804. [PMID: 29863004 PMCID: PMC5998636 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Tirassa P, Rosso P, Iannitelli A. Ocular Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and NGF Eye Drop Application as Paradigms to Investigate NGF Neuroprotective and Reparative Actions. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1727:19-38. [PMID: 29222770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7571-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The eye is a central nervous system structure that is uniquely accessible to local treatment. Through the ocular surface, it is possible to access the retina, optic nerve, and brain. Animal models of retina degeneration or optic nerve crush could thus serve as tools to investigate whether and how factors, which are anterogradely or retrogradely transported through the optic nerve, might contribute to activate neuroprotection and eventually regeneration. Among these factors, nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a crucial role during development of the visual system, as well as during the entire life span, and in pathological conditions. The ability of NGF to exert survival and trophic actions on the retina and brain cells when applied intraocularly and topically as eye drops is critically reviewed here, together with the effects of ocular neurotrophins on neuronal pathways influencing body rhythm, cognitions, and behavioral functions. The latest data from animal models and humans are presented, and the mechanism of action of ocularly administered NGF is discussed. NGF eye drops are proposed as an experimental strategy to investigate the role and cellular targets of neurotrophins in the mechanism(s) underlying neurodegeneration/regeneration and their involvement in the regulation of neurological and behavioral dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tirassa
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pamela Rosso
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Rome, Italy.,Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Iannitelli
- Department of Human Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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27
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Bandoła J, Richter C, Ryser M, Jamal A, Ashton MP, von Bonin M, Kuhn M, Dorschner B, Alexopoulou D, Navratiel K, Roeder I, Dahl A, Hedrich CM, Bonifacio E, Brenner S, Thieme S. Neurotrophin Receptor p75NTR Regulates Immune Function of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:981. [PMID: 28861085 PMCID: PMC5562693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Neurotrophins and their receptors control the function of neuronal tissue. In addition, they have been demonstrated to be part of the immune response but little is known about the effector immune cells involved. We report, for the first time, the expression and immune-regulatory function of the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) by the antigen-presenting pDCs, mediated by toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 activation and differential phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 and 7. The modulation of p75NTR on pDCs significantly influences disease progression of asthma in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model mediated by the TLR9 signaling pathway. p75NTR activation of pDCs from patients with asthma increased allergen-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in nerve growth factor concentration-dependent manner. Further, p75NTR activation of pDCs delayed the onset of autoimmune diabetes in RIP-CD80GP mice and aggravated graft-versus-host disease in a xenotransplantation model. Thus, p75NTR signaling on pDCs constitutes a new and critical mechanism connecting neurotrophin signaling and immune response regulation with great therapeutic potential for a variety of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bandoła
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ryser
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arshad Jamal
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Michelle P Ashton
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Medical Clinic I, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,DKTK-German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Dresden, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,DKFZ-German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kuhn
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Dimitra Alexopoulou
- BIOTEChnology Center/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Navratiel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingo Roeder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- BIOTEChnology Center/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ezio Bonifacio
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brenner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thieme
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Coria-Lucero CD, Golini RS, Ponce IT, Deyurka N, Anzulovich AC, Delgado SM, Navigatore-Fonzo LS. Rhythmic Bdnf and TrkB expression patterns in the prefrontal cortex are lost in aged rats. Brain Res 2016; 1653:51-58. [PMID: 27771283 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging brain undergoes several changes leading to a decline in cognitive functions. Memory and learning-related genes such as Creb, Bdnf and its receptor TrkB, are expressed in different brain regions including prefrontal cortex. Those genes' proteins regulate a wide range of functions such as synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. In this work, our objectives were: 1) to investigate whether Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB genes display endogenous circadian expression rhythms, in the prefrontal cortex of rats maintained under constant darkness conditions; 2) to study the synchronization of those temporal patterns to the local cellular clock and 3) to evaluate the aging consequences on both cognition-related genes and activating clock transcription factor, BMAL1, rhythms. A bioinformatics analysis revealed clock-responsive (E-box) sites in regulatory regions of Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB genes. Additionally, cAMP response elements (CRE) were found in Bdnf and TrkB promoters. We observed those key cognition-related factors expression oscillates in the rat prefrontal cortex. Creb1 and TrkB mRNAs display a circadian rhythm with their highest levels occurring at the second half of the 24h period. Interestingly, the cosinor analysis revealed a 12-h rhythm of Bdnf transcript levels, with peaks occurring at the second half of the subjective day and night, respectively. As expected, the BMAL1 rhythm's acrophase precedes Creb1 and first Bdnf expression peaks. Noteworthy, Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB expression rhythms are lost in the prefrontal cortex of aged rats, probably, as consequence of the loss of BMAL1 protein circadian rhythm and altered function of the local cellular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia D Coria-Lucero
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Rebeca S Golini
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ivana T Ponce
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Deyurka
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ana C Anzulovich
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Silvia M Delgado
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Biology Reproduction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lorena S Navigatore-Fonzo
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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29
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Baeza-Raja B, Sachs BD, Li P, Christian F, Vagena E, Davalos D, Le Moan N, Ryu JK, Sikorski SL, Chan JP, Scadeng M, Taylor SS, Houslay MD, Baillie GS, Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM, Akassoglou K. p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Regulates Energy Balance in Obesity. Cell Rep 2015; 14:255-68. [PMID: 26748707 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome reflect the dysregulation of molecular pathways that control energy homeostasis. Here, we show that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) controls energy expenditure in obese mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Despite no changes in food intake, p75(NTR)-null mice were protected from HFD-induced obesity and remained lean as a result of increased energy expenditure without developing insulin resistance or liver steatosis. p75(NTR) directly interacts with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates cAMP signaling in adipocytes, leading to decreased lipolysis and thermogenesis. Adipocyte-specific depletion of p75(NTR) or transplantation of p75(NTR)-null white adipose tissue (WAT) into wild-type mice fed a HFD protected against weight gain and insulin resistance. Our results reveal that signaling from p75(NTR) to cAMP/PKA regulates energy balance and suggest that non-CNS neurotrophin receptor signaling could be a target for treating obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Baeza-Raja
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benjamin D Sachs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pingping Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frank Christian
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eirini Vagena
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dimitrios Davalos
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natacha Le Moan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jae Kyu Ryu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shoana L Sikorski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin P Chan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miles D Houslay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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30
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Kumar Jha P, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. Circadian rhythms in glucose and lipid metabolism in nocturnal and diurnal mammals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 1:74-88. [PMID: 25662277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most aspects of energy metabolism display clear variations during day and night. This daily rhythmicity of metabolic functions, including hormone release, is governed by a circadian system that consists of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) and many secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral organs. The SCN control peripheral timing via the autonomic and neuroendocrine system, as well as via behavioral outputs. The sleep-wake cycle, the feeding/fasting rhythm and most hormonal rhythms, including that of leptin, ghrelin and glucocorticoids, usually show an opposite phase (relative to the light-dark cycle) in diurnal and nocturnal species. By contrast, the SCN clock is most active at the same astronomical times in these two categories of mammals. Moreover, in both species, pineal melatonin is secreted only at night. In this review we describe the current knowledge on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by central and peripheral clock mechanisms. Most experimental knowledge comes from studies in nocturnal laboratory rodents. Nevertheless, we will also mention some relevant findings in diurnal mammals, including humans. It will become clear that as a consequence of the tight connections between the circadian clock system and energy metabolism, circadian clock impairments (e.g., mutations or knock-out of clock genes) and circadian clock misalignments (such as during shift work and chronic jet-lag) have an adverse effect on energy metabolism, that may trigger or enhancing obese and diabetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Jha
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France; International Associated Laboratory LIA1061 Understanding the Neural Basis of Diurnality, CNRS, France and the Netherlands
| | - Etienne Challet
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France; International Associated Laboratory LIA1061 Understanding the Neural Basis of Diurnality, CNRS, France and the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; International Associated Laboratory LIA1061 Understanding the Neural Basis of Diurnality, CNRS, France and the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Kalsbeek A, la Fleur S, Fliers E. Circadian control of glucose metabolism. Mol Metab 2014; 3:372-83. [PMID: 24944897 PMCID: PMC4060304 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen to epidemic proportions. The pathophysiology of T2DM is complex and involves insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and visceral adiposity. It has been known for decades that a disruption of biological rhythms (which happens the most profoundly with shift work) increases the risk of developing obesity and T2DM. Recent evidence from basal studies has further sparked interest in the involvement of daily rhythms (and their disruption) in the development of obesity and T2DM. Most living organisms have molecular clocks in almost every tissue, which govern rhythmicity in many domains of physiology, such as rest/activity rhythms, feeding/fasting rhythms, and hormonal secretion. Here we present the latest research describing the specific role played by the molecular clock mechanism in the control of glucose metabolism and speculate on how disruption of these tissue clocks may lead to the disturbances in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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