1
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Weinstein SM, Vandekar SN, Li B, Alexander‐Bloch AF, Raznahan A, Li M, Gur RE, Gur RC, Roalf DR, Park MTM, Chakravarty M, Baller EB, Linn KA, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT. Network enrichment significance testing in brain-phenotype association studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26714. [PMID: 38878300 PMCID: PMC11179683 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional networks often guide our interpretation of spatial maps of brain-phenotype associations. However, methods for assessing enrichment of associations within networks of interest have varied in terms of both scientific rigor and underlying assumptions. While some approaches have relied on subjective interpretations, others have made unrealistic assumptions about spatial properties of imaging data, leading to inflated false positive rates. We seek to address this gap in existing methodology by borrowing insight from a method widely used in genetics research for testing enrichment of associations between a set of genes and a phenotype of interest. We propose network enrichment significance testing (NEST), a flexible framework for testing the specificity of brain-phenotype associations to functional networks or other sub-regions of the brain. We apply NEST to study enrichment of associations with structural and functional brain imaging data from a large-scale neurodevelopmental cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Weinstein
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsTemple University College of Public HealthPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Simon N. Vandekar
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Computer and Information SciencesTemple University College of Science and TechnologyPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Aaron F. Alexander‐Bloch
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral ScienceChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental NeurogenomicsNational Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research ProgramBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Min Tae M. Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill UniversityQCCanada
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityQCCanada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Research Centre, McGill UniversityQCCanada
| | - Erica B. Baller
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kristin A. Linn
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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2
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Maboudian SA, Willbrand EH, Kelly JP, Jagust WJ, Weiner KS. Defining Overlooked Structures Reveals New Associations between the Cortex and Cognition in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1714232024. [PMID: 38383497 PMCID: PMC11026365 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1714-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent work suggests that indentations of the cerebral cortex, or sulci, may be uniquely vulnerable to atrophy in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that the posteromedial cortex (PMC) is particularly vulnerable to atrophy and pathology accumulation. However, these studies did not consider small, shallow, and variable tertiary sulci that are located in association cortices and are often associated with human-specific aspects of cognition. Here, we manually defined 4,362 PMC sulci in 432 hemispheres in 216 human participants (50.5% female) and found that these smaller putative tertiary sulci showed more age- and AD-related thinning than larger, more consistent sulci, with the strongest effects for two newly uncovered sulci. A model-based approach relating sulcal morphology to cognition identified that a subset of these sulci was most associated with memory and executive function scores in older adults. These findings lend support to the retrogenesis hypothesis linking brain development and aging and provide new neuroanatomical targets for future studies of aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira A Maboudian
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Ethan H Willbrand
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Joseph P Kelly
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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3
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Liang X, Sun L, Liao X, Lei T, Xia M, Duan D, Zeng Z, Li Q, Xu Z, Men W, Wang Y, Tan S, Gao JH, Qin S, Tao S, Dong Q, Zhao T, He Y. Structural connectome architecture shapes the maturation of cortical morphology from childhood to adolescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:784. [PMID: 38278807 PMCID: PMC10817914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical thinning is an important hallmark of the maturation of brain morphology during childhood and adolescence. However, the connectome-based wiring mechanism that underlies cortical maturation remains unclear. Here, we show cortical thinning patterns primarily located in the lateral frontal and parietal heteromodal nodes during childhood and adolescence, which are structurally constrained by white matter network architecture and are particularly represented using a network-based diffusion model. Furthermore, connectome-based constraints are regionally heterogeneous, with the largest constraints residing in frontoparietal nodes, and are associated with gene expression signatures of microstructural neurodevelopmental events. These results are highly reproducible in another independent dataset. These findings advance our understanding of network-level mechanisms and the associated genetic basis that underlies the maturational process of cortical morphology during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lianglong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tianyuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dingna Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zilong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qiongling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing City Key Laboratory for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing City Key Laboratory for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tengda Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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4
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Peraza JA, Salo T, Riedel MC, Bottenhorn KL, Poline JB, Dockès J, Kent JD, Bartley JE, Flannery JS, Hill-Bowen LD, Lobo RP, Poudel R, Ray KL, Robinson JL, Laird RW, Sutherland MT, de la Vega A, Laird AR. Methods for decoding cortical gradients of functional connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551505. [PMID: 37577598 PMCID: PMC10418206 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Macroscale gradients have emerged as a central principle for understanding functional brain organization. Previous studies have demonstrated that a principal gradient of connectivity in the human brain exists, with unimodal primary sensorimotor regions situated at one end and transmodal regions associated with the default mode network and representative of abstract functioning at the other. The functional significance and interpretation of macroscale gradients remains a central topic of discussion in the neuroimaging community, with some studies demonstrating that gradients may be described using meta-analytic functional decoding techniques. However, additional methodological development is necessary to fully leverage available meta-analytic methods and resources and quantitatively evaluate their relative performance. Here, we conducted a comprehensive series of analyses to investigate and improve the framework of data-driven, meta-analytic methods, thereby establishing a principled approach for gradient segmentation and functional decoding. We found that a two-segment solution determined by a k-means segmentation approach and an LDA-based meta-analysis combined with the NeuroQuery database was the optimal combination of methods for decoding functional connectivity gradients. Finally, we proposed a method for decoding additional components of the gradient decomposition. The current work aims to provide recommendations on best practices and flexible methods for gradient-based functional decoding of fMRI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Peraza
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Katherine L. Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Dockès
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James D. Kent
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Jessica S. Flannery
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Ranjita Poudel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly L. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert W. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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5
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Chen AA, Weinstein SM, Adebimpe A, Gur RC, Gur RE, Merikangas KR, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Shou H. Similarity-based multimodal regression. Biostatistics 2023:kxad033. [PMID: 38058018 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand complex human phenotypes, large-scale studies have increasingly collected multiple data modalities across domains such as imaging, mobile health, and physical activity. The properties of each data type often differ substantially and require either separate analyses or extensive processing to obtain comparable features for a combined analysis. Multimodal data fusion enables certain analyses on matrix-valued and vector-valued data, but it generally cannot integrate modalities of different dimensions and data structures. For a single data modality, multivariate distance matrix regression provides a distance-based framework for regression accommodating a wide range of data types. However, no distance-based method exists to handle multiple complementary types of data. We propose a novel distance-based regression model, which we refer to as Similarity-based Multimodal Regression (SiMMR), that enables simultaneous regression of multiple modalities through their distance profiles. We demonstrate through simulation, imaging studies, and longitudinal mobile health analyses that our proposed method can detect associations between clinical variables and multimodal data of differing properties and dimensionalities, even with modest sample sizes. We perform experiments to evaluate several different test statistics and provide recommendations for applying our method across a broad range of scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sarah M Weinstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics & Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen R Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics & Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haochang Shou
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Willbrand EH, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Neuroanatomical and Functional Dissociations between Variably Present Anterior Lateral Prefrontal Sulci. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1846-1867. [PMID: 37677051 PMCID: PMC10586811 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is an evolutionarily expanded region in humans that is critical for numerous complex functions, many of which are largely hominoid specific. Although recent work shows that the presence or absence of specific sulci in anterior LPFC is associated with cognitive performance across age groups, it is unknown whether the presence of these structures relates to individual differences in the functional organization of LPFC. To fill this gap in knowledge, we leveraged multimodal neuroimaging data from two samples encompassing 82 young adult humans (aged 22-36 years) and show that the dorsal and ventral components of the paraintermediate frontal sulcus, or pimfs, present distinct morphological (surface area), architectural (thickness and myelination), and functional (resting-state connectivity networks) properties. We further contextualize the pimfs components within classic and modern cortical parcellations. Taken together, the dorsal and ventral pimfs components mark transitions in LPFC anatomy and function, across metrics and parcellations. These results emphasize that the pimfs is a critical structure to consider when examining individual differences in the anatomical and functional organization of LPFC and suggest that future individual-level parcellations could benefit from incorporating sulcal anatomy when delineating LPFC cortical regions.
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7
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Maboudian SA, Willbrand EH, Jagust WJ, Weiner KS. Defining overlooked structures reveals new associations between cortex and cognition in aging and Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.546558. [PMID: 37425904 PMCID: PMC10327001 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.546558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that indentations of the cerebral cortex, or sulci, may be uniquely vulnerable to atrophy in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that posteromedial cortex (PMC) is particularly vulnerable to atrophy and pathology accumulation. However, these studies did not consider small, shallow, and variable tertiary sulci that are located in association cortices and are often associated with human-specific aspects of cognition. Here, we first manually defined 4,362 PMC sulci in 432 hemispheres in 216 participants. Tertiary sulci showed more age- and AD-related thinning than non-tertiary sulci, with the strongest effects for two newly uncovered tertiary sulci. A model-based approach relating sulcal morphology to cognition identified that a subset of these sulci were most associated with memory and executive function scores in older adults. These findings support the retrogenesis hypothesis linking brain development and aging, and provide new neuroanatomical targets for future studies of aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira A. Maboudian
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Ethan H. Willbrand
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - William J. Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
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8
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Nguyen DTA, Julkunen P, Säisänen L, Määttä S, Rissanen SM, Lintu N, Könönen M, Lakka T, Karjalainen PA. Developmental models of motor-evoked potential features by transcranial magnetic stimulation across age groups from childhood to adulthood. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10604. [PMID: 37391521 PMCID: PMC10313665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To derive the maturation of neurophysiological processes from childhood to adulthood reflected by the change of motor-evoked potential (MEP) features. 38 participants were recruited from four groups (age mean in years [SD in months], number (males)): children (7.3 [4.2], 7(4)), preadolescents (10.3 [6.9], 10(5)), adolescents (15.3 [9.8], 11(5)), and adults (26.9 [46.2], 10(5)). The navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed on both hemispheres at seven stimulation intensity (SI) levels from sub- to supra-threshold and targeted to the representative cortical area of abductor pollicis brevis muscle. MEPs were measured from three hand- and two forearm-muscles. The input-output (I/O) curves of MEP features across age groups were constructed using linear mixed-effect models. Age and SI significantly affected MEP features, whereas the stimulated side had a minor impact. MEP size and duration increased from childhood to adulthood. MEP onset- and peak-latency dropped in adolescence, particularly in hand muscles. Children had the smallest MEPs with the highest polyphasia, whereas I/O curves were similar among preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. This study illustrates some of the changing patterns of MEP features across the ages, suggesting developing patterns of neurophysiological processes activated by TMS, and to motivate studies with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao T A Nguyen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Petro Julkunen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, POB 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Säisänen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, POB 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, POB 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saara M Rissanen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, POB 162, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, POB 162, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, POB 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Haapaniementie 16, 70100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi A Karjalainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Willbrand EH, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Neuroanatomical and functional dissociations between variably present anterior lateral prefrontal sulci. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542301. [PMID: 37292839 PMCID: PMC10245924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is an evolutionarily expanded region in humans that is critical for numerous complex functions, many of which are largely hominoid-specific. While recent work shows that the presence or absence of specific sulci in anterior LPFC is associated with cognitive performance across age groups, it is unknown whether the presence of these structures relates to individual differences in the functional organization of LPFC. To fill this gap in knowledge, we leveraged multimodal neuroimaging data from 72 young adult humans aged 22-36 and show that dorsal and ventral components of the paraintermediate frontal sulcus (pimfs) present distinct morphological (surface area), architectural (thickness and myelination), and functional (resting-state connectivity networks) properties. We further contextualize the pimfs components within classic and modern cortical parcellations. Taken together, the dorsal and ventral pimfs components mark transitions in anatomy and function in LPFC, across metrics and parcellations. These results emphasize that the pimfs is a critical structure to consider when examining individual differences in the anatomical and functional organization of LPFC and highlight the importance of considering individual anatomy when investigating structural and functional features of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H. Willbrand
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
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10
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Sanders AFP, Harms MP, Kandala S, Marek S, Somerville LH, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M, Thomas KM, Van Essen DC, Yacoub E, Barch DM. Age-related differences in resting-state functional connectivity from childhood to adolescence. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6928-6942. [PMID: 36724055 PMCID: PMC10233258 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is active at rest, and spontaneous fluctuations in functional MRI BOLD signals reveal an intrinsic functional architecture. During childhood and adolescence, functional networks undergo varying patterns of maturation, and measures of functional connectivity within and between networks differ as a function of age. However, many aspects of these developmental patterns (e.g. trajectory shape and directionality) remain unresolved. In the present study, we characterised age-related differences in within- and between-network resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and integration (i.e. participation coefficient, PC) in a large cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents (n = 628) aged 8-21 years from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development. We found evidence for both linear and non-linear differences in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar rsFC, as well as integration, that varied by age. Additionally, we found that sex moderated the relationship between age and putamen integration where males displayed significant age-related increases in putamen PC compared with females. Taken together, these results provide evidence for complex, non-linear differences in some brain systems during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F P Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63119, USA
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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11
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Shanmugan S, Seidlitz J, Cui Z, Adebimpe A, Bassett DS, Bertolero MA, Davatzikos C, Fair DA, Gur RE, Gur RC, Larsen B, Li H, Pines A, Raznahan A, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Vogel J, Wolf DH, Fan Y, Alexander-Bloch A, Satterthwaite TD. Sex differences in the functional topography of association networks in youth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110416119. [PMID: 35939696 PMCID: PMC9388107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110416119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior work has shown that there is substantial interindividual variation in the spatial distribution of functional networks across the cerebral cortex, or functional topography. However, it remains unknown whether there are sex differences in the topography of individualized networks in youth. Here, we leveraged an advanced machine learning method (sparsity-regularized non-negative matrix factorization) to define individualized functional networks in 693 youth (ages 8 to 23 y) who underwent functional MRI as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multivariate pattern analysis using support vector machines classified participant sex based on functional topography with 82.9% accuracy (P < 0.0001). Brain regions most effective in classifying participant sex belonged to association networks, including the ventral attention, default mode, and frontoparietal networks. Mass univariate analyses using generalized additive models with penalized splines provided convergent results. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography were spatially correlated with the expression of genes on the X chromosome. These results highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping functional topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Shanmugan
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing,102206, China
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Danielle S. Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
| | - Maxwell A. Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adam Pines
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jacob Vogel
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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12
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Baum GL, Flournoy JC, Glasser MF, Harms MP, Mair P, Sanders AFP, Barch DM, Buckner RL, Bookheimer S, Dapretto M, Smith S, Thomas KM, Yacoub E, Van Essen DC, Somerville LH. Graded Variation in T1w/T2w Ratio during Adolescence: Measurement, Caveats, and Implications for Development of Cortical Myelin. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5681-5694. [PMID: 35705486 PMCID: PMC9302463 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2380-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by the maturation of cortical microstructure and connectivity supporting complex cognition and behavior. Axonal myelination influences brain connectivity during development by enhancing neural signaling speed and inhibiting plasticity. However, the maturational timing of cortical myelination during human adolescence remains poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of recent advances in high-resolution cortical T1w/T2w mapping methods, including principled correction of B1+ transmit field effects, using data from the Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D; N = 628, ages 8-21). We characterize microstructural changes relevant to myelination by estimating age-related differences in T1w/T2w throughout the cerebral neocortex from childhood to early adulthood. We apply Bayesian spline models and clustering analysis to demonstrate graded variation in age-dependent cortical T1w/T2w differences that are correlated with the sensorimotor-association (S-A) axis of cortical organization reported by others. In sensorimotor areas, T1w/T2w ratio measures start at high levels at early ages, increase at a fast pace, and decelerate at later ages (18-21). In intermediate multimodal areas along the S-A axis, T1w/T2w starts at intermediate levels and increases linearly at an intermediate pace. In transmodal/paralimbic association areas, T1w/T2w starts at low levels and increases linearly at the slowest pace. These data provide evidence for graded variation of the T1w/T2w ratio along the S-A axis that may reflect cortical myelination changes during adolescence underlying the development of complex information processing and psychological functioning. We discuss the implications of these results as well as caveats in interpreting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based estimates of myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelin is a lipid membrane that is essential to healthy brain function. Myelin wraps axons to increase neural signaling speed, enabling complex neuronal functioning underlying learning and cognition. Here, we characterize the developmental timing of myelination across the cerebral cortex during adolescence using a noninvasive proxy measure, T1w/T2w mapping. Our results provide new evidence demonstrating graded variation across the cortex in the timing of T1w/T2w changes during adolescence, with rapid T1w/T2w increases in lower-order sensory areas and gradual T1w/T2w increases in higher-order association areas. This spatial pattern of microstructural brain development closely parallels the sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization and plasticity during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham L Baum
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - John C Flournoy
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Ashley F P Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, MO 63130
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Stephen Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX3 9DU
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
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13
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Pines AR, Larsen B, Cui Z, Sydnor VJ, Bertolero MA, Adebimpe A, Alexander-Bloch AF, Davatzikos C, Fair DA, Gur RC, Gur RE, Li H, Milham MP, Moore TM, Murtha K, Parkes L, Thompson-Schill SL, Shanmugan S, Shinohara RT, Weinstein SM, Bassett DS, Fan Y, Satterthwaite TD. Dissociable multi-scale patterns of development in personalized brain networks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2647. [PMID: 35551181 PMCID: PMC9098559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is organized into networks at multiple resolutions, or scales, yet studies of functional network development typically focus on a single scale. Here, we derive personalized functional networks across 29 scales in a large sample of youths (n = 693, ages 8-23 years) to identify multi-scale patterns of network re-organization related to neurocognitive development. We found that developmental shifts in inter-network coupling reflect and strengthen a functional hierarchy of cortical organization. Furthermore, we observed that scale-dependent effects were present in lower-order, unimodal networks, but not higher-order, transmodal networks. Finally, we found that network maturation had clear behavioral relevance: the development of coupling in unimodal and transmodal networks are dissociably related to the emergence of executive function. These results suggest that the development of functional brain networks align with and refine a hierarchy linked to cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Pines
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zaixu Cui
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maxwell A Bertolero
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.,Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kristin Murtha
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Sheila Shanmugan
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah M Weinstein
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87051, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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14
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Janssen J, Alloza C, Díaz-Caneja CM, Santonja J, Pina-Camacho L, Gordaliza PM, Fernández-Pena A, Lois NG, Buimer EEL, van Haren NEM, Cahn W, Vieta E, Castro-Fornieles J, Bernardo M, Arango C, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE, Schnack HG. Longitudinal Allometry of Sulcal Morphology in Health and Schizophrenia. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3704-3715. [PMID: 35318286 PMCID: PMC9087719 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0606-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaling between subcomponents of folding and total brain volume (TBV) in healthy individuals (HIs) is allometric. It is unclear whether this is true in schizophrenia (SZ) or first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study confirmed normative allometric scaling norms in HIs using discovery and replication samples. Cross-sectional and longitudinal diagnostic differences in folding subcomponents were then assessed using an allometric framework. Structural imaging from a longitudinal (Sample 1: HI and SZ, nHI Baseline = 298, nSZ Baseline = 169, nHI Follow-up = 293, nSZ Follow-up = 168, totaling 1087 images, all individuals ≥ 2 images, age 16-69 years) and a cross-sectional sample (Sample 2: nHI = 61 and nFEP = 89, age 10-30 years), all human males and females, is leveraged to calculate global folding and its nested subcomponents: sulcation index (SI, total sulcal/cortical hull area) and determinants of sulcal area: sulcal length and sulcal depth. Scaling of SI, sulcal area, and sulcal length with TBV in SZ and FEP was allometric and did not differ from HIs. Longitudinal age trajectories demonstrated steeper loss of SI and sulcal area through adulthood in SZ. Longitudinal allometric analysis revealed that both annual change in SI and sulcal area was significantly stronger related to change in TBV in SZ compared with HIs. Our results detail the first evidence of the disproportionate contribution of changes in SI and sulcal area to TBV changes in SZ. Longitudinal allometric analysis of sulcal morphology provides deeper insight into lifespan trajectories of cortical folding in SZ.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Psychotic disorders are associated with deficits in cortical folding and brain size, but we lack knowledge of how these two morphometric features are related. We leverage cross-sectional and longitudinal samples in which we decompose folding into a set of nested subcomponents: sulcal and hull area, and sulcal depth and length. We reveal that, in both schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis, (1) scaling of subcomponents with brain size is different from expected scaling laws and (2) caution is warranted when interpreting results from traditional methods for brain size correction. Longitudinal allometric scaling points to loss of sulcal area as a principal contributor to loss of brain size in schizophrenia. These findings advance the understanding of cortical folding atypicalities in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santonja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pina-Camacho
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro M Gordaliza
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Pena
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi González Lois
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elizabeth E L Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Petrican R, Fornito A, Jones N. Psychological Resilience and Neurodegenerative Risk: A Connectomics-Transcriptomics Investigation in Healthy Adolescent and Middle-Aged Females. Neuroimage 2022; 255:119209. [PMID: 35429627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse life events can inflict substantial long-term damage, which, paradoxically, has been posited to stem from initially adaptative responses to the challenges encountered in one's environment. Thus, identification of the mechanisms linking resilience against recent stressors to longer-term psychological vulnerability is key to understanding optimal functioning across multiple timescales. To address this issue, our study tested the relevance of neuro-reproductive maturation and senescence, respectively, to both resilience and longer-term risk for pathologies characterised by accelerated brain aging, specifically, Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Graph theoretical and partial least squares analyses were conducted on multimodal imaging, reported biological aging and recent adverse experience data from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project (HCP). Availability of reproductive maturation/senescence measures restricted our investigation to adolescent (N =178) and middle-aged (N=146) females. Psychological resilience was linked to age-specific brain senescence patterns suggestive of precocious functional development of somatomotor and control-relevant networks (adolescence) and earlier aging of default mode and salience/ventral attention systems (middle adulthood). Biological aging showed complementary associations with the neural patterns relevant to resilience in adolescence (positive relationship) versus middle-age (negative relationship). Transcriptomic and expression quantitative trait locus data analyses linked the neural aging patterns correlated with psychological resilience in middle adulthood to gene expression patterns suggestive of increased AD risk. Our results imply a partially antagonistic relationship between resilience against proximal stressors and longer-term psychological adjustment in later life. They thus underscore the importance of fine-tuning extant views on successful coping by considering the multiple timescales across which age-specific processes may unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Petrican
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex Fornito
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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16
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Developmental coupling of cerebral blood flow and fMRI fluctuations in youth. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110576. [PMID: 35354053 PMCID: PMC9006592 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of the human brain are metabolically expensive and reliant on coupling between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neural activity, yet how this coupling evolves over development remains unexplored. Here, we examine the relationship between CBF, measured by arterial spin labeling, and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) from resting-state magnetic resonance imaging across a sample of 831 children (478 females, aged 8-22 years) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We first use locally weighted regressions on the cortical surface to quantify CBF-ALFF coupling. We relate coupling to age, sex, and executive functioning with generalized additive models and assess network enrichment via spin testing. We demonstrate regionally specific changes in coupling over age and show that variations in coupling are related to biological sex and executive function. Our results highlight the importance of CBF-ALFF coupling throughout development; we discuss its potential as a future target for the study of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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17
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Weinstein SM, Vandekar SN, Adebimpe A, Tapera TM, Robert‐Fitzgerald T, Gur RC, Gur RE, Raznahan A, Satterthwaite TD, Alexander‐Bloch AF, Shinohara RT. A simple permutation-based test of intermodal correspondence. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5175-5187. [PMID: 34519385 PMCID: PMC8519855 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many key findings in neuroimaging studies involve similarities between brain maps, but statistical methods used to measure these findings have varied. Current state-of-the-art methods involve comparing observed group-level brain maps (after averaging intensities at each image location across multiple subjects) against spatial null models of these group-level maps. However, these methods typically make strong and potentially unrealistic statistical assumptions, such as covariance stationarity. To address these issues, in this article we propose using subject-level data and a classical permutation testing framework to test and assess similarities between brain maps. Our method is comparable to traditional permutation tests in that it involves randomly permuting subjects to generate a null distribution of intermodal correspondence statistics, which we compare to an observed statistic to estimate a p-value. We apply and compare our method in simulated and real neuroimaging data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We show that our method performs well for detecting relationships between modalities known to be strongly related (cortical thickness and sulcal depth), and it is conservative when an association would not be expected (cortical thickness and activation on the n-back working memory task). Notably, our method is the most flexible and reliable for localizing intermodal relationships within subregions of the brain and allows for generalizable statistical inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Weinstein
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | | | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Tinashe M. Tapera
- Department of Psychiatry, Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Timothy Robert‐Fitzgerald
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental NeurogenomicsNational Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research ProgramBethesdaMaryland
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Aaron F. Alexander‐Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section and Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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18
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Sydnor VJ, Larsen B, Bassett DS, Alexander-Bloch A, Fair DA, Liston C, Mackey AP, Milham MP, Pines A, Roalf DR, Seidlitz J, Xu T, Raznahan A, Satterthwaite TD. Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology. Neuron 2021; 109:2820-2846. [PMID: 34270921 PMCID: PMC8448958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human brain undergoes a prolonged period of cortical development that spans multiple decades. During childhood and adolescence, cortical development progresses from lower-order, primary and unimodal cortices with sensory and motor functions to higher-order, transmodal association cortices subserving executive, socioemotional, and mentalizing functions. The spatiotemporal patterning of cortical maturation thus proceeds in a hierarchical manner, conforming to an evolutionarily rooted, sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization. This developmental program has been characterized by data derived from multimodal human neuroimaging and is linked to the hierarchical unfolding of plasticity-related neurobiological events. Critically, this developmental program serves to enhance feature variation between lower-order and higher-order regions, thus endowing the brain's association cortices with unique functional properties. However, accumulating evidence suggests that protracted plasticity within late-maturing association cortices, which represents a defining feature of the human developmental program, also confers risk for diverse developmental psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Adam Pines
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, NIMH Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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19
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Demir-Lira ÖE, Asaridou SS, Nolte C, Small SL, Goldin-Meadow S. Parent Language Input Prior to School Forecasts Change in Children's Language-Related Cortical Structures During Mid-Adolescence. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:650152. [PMID: 34408634 PMCID: PMC8366586 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.650152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children differ widely in their early language development, and this variability has important implications for later life outcomes. Parent language input is a strong experiential factor predicting the variability in children's early language skills. However, little is known about the brain or cognitive mechanisms that underlie the relationship. In addressing this gap, we used longitudinal data spanning 15 years to examine the role of early parental language input that children receive during preschool years in the development of brain structures that support language processing during school years. Using naturalistic parent-child interactions, we measured parental language input (amount and complexity) to children between the ages of 18 and 42 months (n = 23). We then assessed longitudinal changes in children's cortical thickness measured at five time points between 9 and 16 years of age. We focused on specific regions of interest (ROIs) that have been shown to play a role in language processing. Our results support the view that, even after accounting for important covariates such as parental intelligence quotient (IQ) and education, the amount and complexity of language input to a young child prior to school forecasts the rate of change in cortical thickness during the 7-year period from 5½ to 12½ years later. Examining the proximal correlates of change in brain and cognitive differences has the potential to inform targets for effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Salomi S Asaridou
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Collin Nolte
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Steven L Small
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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20
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Foland-Ross LC, Gil M, Shrestha SB, Chromik LC, Hong D, Reiss AL. Cortical gray matter structure in boys with Klinefelter syndrome. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 313:111299. [PMID: 34038819 PMCID: PMC8321133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS, 47,XXY) is a common sex chromosome aneuploidy in males that is associated with a wide range of cognitive, social and emotional characteristics. The neural bases of these symptoms, however, are unclear. Brain structure in 19 pre- or early-pubertal boys with KS (11.5 ± 1.8 years) and 22 typically developing (control) boys (8.1 ± 2.3 years) was examined using surface-based analyses of cortical gray matter volume, thickness and surface area. Boys in the KS group were treatment-naïve with respect to testosterone replacement therapy. Reduced volume in the insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was observed in the KS relative to the TD group, as well as increased volume in the parietal, occipital and motor regions. Further inspection of surface-based metrics indicated that whereas KS-associated increases in volume were driven by differences in thickness, KS-associated reductions in volume were associated with decreases in surface area. Exploratory analyses additionally indicated several correlations between brain structure and behavior, providing initial support for a neural basis of cognitive and emotional symptoms of this condition. Taken together, these data add support for a neuroanatomical phenotype of KS and extend previous studies through clarifying the precise neuroanatomical structural characteristics of that give rise to volumetric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Foland-Ross
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Maureen Gil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sharon Bade Shrestha
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay C Chromik
- Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David Hong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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21
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Brauer H, Breitling-Ziegler C, Moliadze V, Galling B, Prehn-Kristensen A. Transcranial direct current stimulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of clinical efficacy outcomes. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 264:91-116. [PMID: 34167666 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the clinical care of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is limited. Therefore, we aimed to summarize study results using meta-analyses of measures of the cardinal symptoms of ADHD. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed/pubpsych/PsychInfo/WOS) until 01/05/2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating tDCS vs. control condition in patients with ADHD. A random effects meta-analysis of symptom-related outcomes was performed separately for data on the immediate effect and follow-up. Subgroup- and metaregression analyses for patient characteristics and tDCS parameters were included. RESULTS Meta-analyzing 13 studies (n=308, age=23.7±13.3), including 20 study arms, tDCS had an immediate effect on overall symptom severity, inattention, and impulsivity, but not on hyperactivity. Results were significant in children and adolescents (8 studies, n=133, age=12.4±3.0). Follow-up data (3 days-4 weeks after stimulation) suggested an ongoing beneficial effect regarding overall symptom severity and a delayed effect on hyperactivity. DISCUSSION TDCS seems to be a promising method to treat clinical symptoms in ADHD with long-lasting effects. Still, more research considering the individual neuropsychological and anatomical dispositions of the subjects is needed to optimize tDCS protocols and efficacy. Safety issues of tDCS treatment in children and adolescents are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Brauer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carolin Breitling-Ziegler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vera Moliadze
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Britta Galling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Nadig A, Seidlitz J, McDermott CL, Liu S, Bethlehem R, Moore TM, Mallard TT, Clasen LS, Blumenthal JD, Lalonde F, Gur RC, Gur RE, Bullmore ET, Satterthwaite TD, Raznahan A. Morphological integration of the human brain across adolescence and adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023860118. [PMID: 33811142 PMCID: PMC8040585 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023860118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain structural covariance norms capture the coordination of neurodevelopmental programs between different brain regions. We develop and apply anatomical imbalance mapping (AIM), a method to measure and model individual deviations from these norms, to provide a lifespan map of morphological integration in the human cortex. In cross-sectional and longitudinal data, analysis of whole-brain average anatomical imbalance reveals a reproducible tightening of structural covariance by age 25 y, which loosens after the seventh decade of life. Anatomical imbalance change in development and in aging is greatest in the association cortex and least in the sensorimotor cortex. Finally, we show that interindividual variation in whole-brain average anatomical imbalance is positively correlated with a marker of human prenatal stress (birthweight disparity between monozygotic twins) and negatively correlated with general cognitive ability. This work provides methods and empirical insights to advance our understanding of coordinated anatomical organization of the human brain and its interindividual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Nadig
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115;
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Cassidy L McDermott
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Richard Bethlehem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Jonathan D Blumenthal
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - François Lalonde
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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23
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Li X, Jiang Y, Wang W, Liu X, Li Z. Brain morphometric abnormalities in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by sulcal pits-based analyses. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:299-307. [PMID: 32762149 PMCID: PMC7871795 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with widespread brain morphological abnormalities. Here, we utilized a sulcal pits-based method to provide new insight into the atypical cortical folding morphology in ADHD. METHODS Sulcal pits, the locally deepest points in each fold, were first extracted from magnetic resonance imaging data of 183 boys with ADHD (10.62 ± 1.96 years) and 167 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls (10.70 ± 1.73 years). Then, the geometrical properties of sulcal pits were statistically compared between ADHD and controls. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the number of sulcal pits was reduced and confined to the superficial secondary sulci in the ADHD group relative to controls (P < .05). We also found that ADHD boys were associated with significantly increased pit depth in the left superior frontal junction, circular insular sulcus, right inferior frontal junction, and bilateral cingulate sulcus, as well as significantly decreased pit depth in the bilateral orbital sulcus (P < .05, corrected). CONCLUSION The experimental findings reveal atypical sulcal anatomy in boys with ADHD and support the feasibility of sulcal pits as anatomic landmarks for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Wei Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information TechnologyChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and SystemsChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
| | - Yu‐Hao Jiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information TechnologyChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and SystemsChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information TechnologyChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and SystemsChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
| | - Xiao‐Xue Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information TechnologyChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and SystemsChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
| | - Zhang‐Yong Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information TechnologyChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and SystemsChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina
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24
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Lin HY, Huang CC, Chou KH, Yang AC, Lo CYZ, Tsai SJ, Lin CP. Differential Patterns of Gyral and Sulcal Morphological Changes During Normal Aging Process. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:625931. [PMID: 33613271 PMCID: PMC7886979 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.625931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is a highly convoluted structure with distinct morphologic features, namely the gyri and sulci, which are associated with the functional segregation or integration in the human brain. During the lifespan, the brain atrophy that is accompanied by cognitive decline is a well-accepted aging phenotype. However, the detailed patterns of cortical folding change during aging, especially the changing age-dependencies of gyri and sulci, which is essential to brain functioning, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphology of the gyral and sulcal regions from pial and white matter surfaces using MR imaging data of 417 healthy participants across adulthood to old age (21–92 years). To elucidate the age-related changes in the cortical pattern, we fitted cortical thickness and intrinsic curvature of gyri and sulci using the quadratic model to evaluate their age-dependencies during normal aging. Our findings show that comparing to gyri, the sulcal thinning is the most prominent pattern during the aging process, and the gyrification of pial and white matter surfaces were also affected differently, which implies the vulnerability of functional segregation during aging. Taken together, we propose a morphological model of aging that may provide a framework for understanding the mechanisms underlying gray matter degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Lin
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chun-Yi Zac Lo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Säisänen L, Könönen M, Niskanen E, Lakka T, Lintu N, Vanninen R, Julkunen P, Määttä S. Primary hand motor representation areas in healthy children, preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. Neuroimage 2020; 228:117702. [PMID: 33385558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the organization of the motor representation areas in children and adolescents is not well-known. This cross-sectional study aimed to provide an understanding for the development of the functional motor areas of the upper extremity muscles by studying healthy right-handed children (6-9 years, n = 10), preadolescents (10-12 years, n = 13), adolescents (15-17 years, n = 12), and adults (22-34 years, n = 12). The optimal representation site and resting motor threshold (rMT) for the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) were assessed in both hemispheres using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). Motor mapping was performed at 110% of the rMT while recording the EMG of six upper limb muscles in the hand and forearm. The association between the motor map and manual dexterity (box and block test, BBT) was examined. The mapping was well-tolerated and feasible in all but the youngest participant whose rMT exceeded the maximum stimulator output. The centers-of-gravity (CoG) for individual muscles were scattered to the greatest extent in the group of preadolescents and centered and became more focused with age. In preadolescents, the CoGs in the left hemisphere were located more laterally, and they shifted medially with age. The proportion of hand compared to arm representation increased with age (p = 0.001); in the right hemisphere, this was associated with greater fine motor ability. Similarly, there was less overlap between hand and forearm muscles representations in children compared to adults (p<0.001). There was a posterior-anterior shift in the APB hotspot coordinate with age, and the APB coordinate in the left hemisphere exhibited a lateral to medial shift with age from adolescence to adulthood (p = 0.006). Our results contribute to the elucidation of the developmental course in the organization of the motor cortex and its associations with fine motor skills. It was shown that nTMS motor mapping in relaxed muscles is feasible in developmental studies in children older than seven years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Säisänen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eini Niskanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petro Julkunen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
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26
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Jonak K, Krukow P, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Jonak KE, Stępniewski A, Niedziałek A, Toborek M, Podkowiński A, Symms M, Grochowski C. Aberrant Structural Network Architecture in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Minimum Spanning Tree Graph Analysis Application into Diffusion 7T MRI. Neuroscience 2020; 455:128-140. [PMID: 33359657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Examining individuals with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) provides a rare opportunity to understand how changes in mitochondrial DNA and loss of vision can be related to changes in organization of the whole-brain structural network architecture. In comparison with the previous neuroimaging studies with LHON participants, which were focused mainly on analyzing changes which occur in different areas of the patient's brain, network analysis not only makes it possible to observe single white matter fibers' aberrations but also the whole-brain nature of these changes. The purpose of our study was to better understand whole-brain neural network changes in LHON participants and see the correlation between the clinical data and the changes. To achieve this, we examined fifteen LHON patients and seventeen age-matched healthy subjects with the usage of ultra-high filed 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Basing on the analysis on MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, whole-brain structural neural networks were reconstructed with the use of the minimum spanning tree algorithm (MST) for every participant. Our results revealed that the structural network in LHON participants was altered at both the local and the global level. The global network structures of LHON subjects were less centralized with path-like organization and there was an imbalance in the main hub centrality. Moreover, the inspection of nodes and hubs in terms of their anatomical placement revealed that in the LHON participants the prominent hubs were located within the basal ganglia (i.e. bilateral caudate, left pallidum), which differed them from healthy controls. An analysis of the relationships between the global MST metrics and LHON participants' clinical characteristics revealed significant correlations between the global network metrics and the duration of illness. Furthermore, the nodal parameters of the optic chiasm were significantly correlated with the duration of illness and the averaged thickness of the right retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). These findings clearly showed that the progression of the disease is accompanied by alterations within the brain network structure and its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jonak
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna E Jonak
- Department of Foreign Languages, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Anna Niedziałek
- Department of Radiography, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Toborek
- Department of Radiography, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Mark Symms
- GE Healthcare, Amersham Place, Amersham HP7 9NA, UK
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
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27
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Ghetti S, Fandakova Y. Neural Development of Memory and Metamemory in Childhood and Adolescence: Toward an Integrative Model of the Development of Episodic Recollection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-060320-085634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Memory and metamemory processes are essential to retrieve detailed memories and appreciate the phenomenological experience of recollection. Developmental cognitive neuroscience has made strides in revealing the neural changes associated with improvements in memory and metamemory during childhood and adolescence. We argue that hippocampal changes, in concert with surrounding cortical regions, support developmental improvements in the precision, complexity, and flexibility of memory representations. In contrast, changes in frontoparietal regions promote efficient encoding and retrieval strategies. A smaller body of literature on the neural substrates of metamemory development suggests that error monitoring processes implemented in the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex trigger, and perhaps support the development of, metacognitive evaluationsin the prefrontal cortex, while developmental changes in the parietal cortex support changes in the phenomenological experience of episodic retrieval. Our conclusions highlight the necessity of integrating these lines of research into a comprehensive model on the neurocognitive development of episodic recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ghetti
- Department of Psychology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Yana Fandakova
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Bhat A, Biagi L, Cioni G, Tinelli F, Morrone MC. Cortical thickness of primary visual cortex correlates with motion deficits in periventricular leukomalacia. Neuropsychologia 2020; 151:107717. [PMID: 33333138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impairments of visual motion perception and, in particular, of flow motion have been consistently observed in premature and very low birth weight subjects during infancy. Flow motion information is analyzed at various cortical levels along the dorsal pathways, with information mainly provided by primary and early visual cortex (V1, V2 and V3). We investigated the cortical stage of the visual processing that underlies these motion impairments, measuring Grey Matter Volume and Cortical Thickness in 13 children with Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL). The cortical thickness, but not the grey matter volume of area V1, correlates negatively with motion coherence sensitivity, indicating that the thinner the cortex, the better the performance among the patients. However, we did not find any such association with either the thickness or volume of area MT, MST and areas of the IPS, suggesting damage at the level of primary visual cortex or along the optic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Bhat
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Laboratory of Vision, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Biagi
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Laboratory of Vision, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Tinelli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Laboratory of Vision, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Concetta Morrone
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Laboratory of Vision, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Mandal AS, Romero-Garcia R, Hart MG, Suckling J. Genetic, cellular, and connectomic characterization of the brain regions commonly plagued by glioma. Brain 2020; 143:3294-3307. [PMID: 33278823 PMCID: PMC7891236 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been known that gliomas follow a non-random spatial distribution, appearing more often in some brain regions (e.g. the insula) compared to others (e.g. the occipital lobe). A better understanding of the localization patterns of gliomas could provide clues to the origins of these types of tumours, and consequently inform treatment targets. Following hypotheses derived from prior research into neuropsychiatric disease and cancer, gliomas may be expected to localize to brain regions characterized by functional hubness, stem-like cells, and transcription of genetic drivers of gliomagenesis. We combined neuroimaging data from 335 adult patients with high- and low-grade glioma to form a replicable tumour frequency map. Using this map, we demonstrated that glioma frequency is elevated in association cortex and correlated with multiple graph-theoretical metrics of high functional connectedness. Brain regions populated with putative cells of origin for glioma, neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, exhibited a high glioma frequency. Leveraging a human brain atlas of post-mortem gene expression, we found that gliomas were localized to brain regions enriched with expression of genes associated with chromatin organization and synaptic signalling. A set of glioma proto-oncogenes was enriched among the transcriptomic correlates of glioma distribution. Finally, a regression model incorporating connectomic, cellular, and genetic factors explained 58% of the variance in glioma frequency. These results add to previous literature reporting the vulnerability of hub regions to neurological disease, as well as provide support for cancer stem cell theories of glioma. Our findings illustrate how factors of diverse scale, from genetic to connectomic, can independently influence the anatomic localization of brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan S Mandal
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rafael Romero-Garcia
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael G Hart
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Suckling
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Gur RC, Butler ER, Moore TM, Rosen AFG, Ruparel K, Satterthwaite TD, Roalf DR, Gennatas ED, Bilker WB, Shinohara RT, Port A, Elliott MA, Verma R, Davatzikos C, Wolf DH, Detre JA, Gur RE. Structural and Functional Brain Parameters Related to Cognitive Performance Across Development: Replication and Extension of the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory in a Single Sample. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1444-1463. [PMID: 33119049 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The parieto-frontal integration theory (PFIT) identified a fronto-parietal network of regions where individual differences in brain parameters most strongly relate to cognitive performance. PFIT was supported and extended in adult samples, but not in youths or within single-scanner well-powered multimodal studies. We performed multimodal neuroimaging in 1601 youths age 8-22 on the same 3-Tesla scanner with contemporaneous neurocognitive assessment, measuring volume, gray matter density (GMD), mean diffusivity (MD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), and activation to a working memory and a social cognition task. Across age and sex groups, better performance was associated with higher volumes, greater GMD, lower MD, lower CBF, higher ALFF and ReHo, and greater activation for the working memory task in PFIT regions. However, additional cortical, striatal, limbic, and cerebellar regions showed comparable effects, hence PFIT needs expansion into an extended PFIT (ExtPFIT) network incorporating nodes that support motivation and affect. Associations of brain parameters became stronger with advancing age group from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood, effects occurring earlier in females. This ExtPFIT network is developmentally fine-tuned, optimizing abundance and integrity of neural tissue while maintaining a low resting energy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ellyn R Butler
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adon F G Rosen
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Efstathios D Gennatas
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Warren B Bilker
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison Port
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ragini Verma
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory and the Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Schmitt JE, Raznahan A, Liu S, Neale MC. The Heritability of Cortical Folding: Evidence from the Human Connectome Project. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:702-715. [PMID: 32959043 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cortical folding are incompletely understood. Prior studies have suggested that individual differences in sulcal depth are genetically mediated, with deeper and ontologically older sulci more heritable than others. In this study, we examine FreeSurfer-derived estimates of average convexity and mean curvature as proxy measures of cortical folding patterns using a large (N = 1096) genetically informative young adult subsample of the Human Connectome Project. Both measures were significantly heritable near major sulci and primary fissures, where approximately half of individual differences could be attributed to genetic factors. Genetic influences near higher order gyri and sulci were substantially lower and largely nonsignificant. Spatial permutation analysis found that heritability patterns were significantly anticorrelated to maps of evolutionary and neurodevelopmental expansion. We also found strong phenotypic correlations between average convexity, curvature, and several common surface metrics (cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical myelination). However, quantitative genetic models suggest that correlations between these metrics are largely driven by nongenetic factors. These findings not only further our understanding of the neurobiology of gyrification, but have pragmatic implications for the interpretation of heritability maps based on automated surface-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Schmitt
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Division of Neuroradiology, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-980126, USA
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32
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Nassar R, Kaczkurkin AN, Xia CH, Sotiras A, Pehlivanova M, Moore TM, Garcia de La Garza A, Roalf DR, Rosen AFG, Lorch SA, Ruparel K, Shinohara RT, Davatzikos C, Gur RC, Gur RE, Satterthwaite TD. Gestational Age is Dimensionally Associated with Structural Brain Network Abnormalities Across Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2102-2114. [PMID: 29688290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity is associated with diverse developmental abnormalities, yet few studies relate cognitive and neurostructural deficits to a dimensional measure of prematurity. Leveraging a large sample of children, adolescents, and young adults (age 8-22 years) studied as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined how variation in gestational age impacted cognition and brain structure later in development. Participants included 72 preterm youth born before 37 weeks' gestation and 206 youth who were born at term (37 weeks or later). Using a previously-validated factor analysis, cognitive performance was assessed in three domains: (1) executive function and complex reasoning, (2) social cognition, and (3) episodic memory. All participants completed T1-weighted neuroimaging at 3 T to measure brain volume. Structural covariance networks were delineated using non-negative matrix factorization, an advanced multivariate analysis technique. Lower gestational age was associated with both deficits in executive function and reduced volume within 11 of 26 structural covariance networks, which included orbitofrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices as well as subcortical regions including the hippocampus. Notably, the relationship between lower gestational age and executive dysfunction was accounted for in part by structural network deficits. Together, these findings emphasize the durable impact of prematurity on cognition and brain structure, which persists across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Nassar
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cedric Huchuan Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angel Garcia de La Garza
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adon F G Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Lorch
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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33
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Tang E, Ju H, Baum GL, Roalf DR, Satterthwaite TD, Pasqualetti F, Bassett DS. Control of brain network dynamics across diverse scales of space and time. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:062301. [PMID: 32688528 PMCID: PMC8728948 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.062301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human brain is composed of distinct regions that are each associated with particular functions and distinct propensities for the control of neural dynamics. However, the relation between these functions and control profiles is poorly understood, as is the variation in this relation across diverse scales of space and time. Here we probe the relation between control and dynamics in brain networks constructed from diffusion tensor imaging data in a large community sample of young adults. Specifically, we probe the control properties of each brain region and investigate their relationship with dynamics across various spatial scales using the Laplacian eigenspectrum. In addition, through analysis of regional modal controllability and partitioning of modes, we determine whether the associated dynamics are fast or slow, as well as whether they are alternating or monotone. We find that brain regions that facilitate the control of energetically easy transitions are associated with activity on short length scales and slow timescales. Conversely, brain regions that facilitate control of difficult transitions are associated with activity on long length scales and fast timescales. Built on linear dynamical models, our results offer parsimonious explanations for the activity propagation and network control profiles supported by regions of differing neuroanatomical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37079, Germany
| | - Harang Ju
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Graham L Baum
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA
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34
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Cui Z, Li H, Xia CH, Larsen B, Adebimpe A, Baum GL, Cieslak M, Gur RE, Gur RC, Moore TM, Oathes DJ, Alexander-Bloch AF, Raznahan A, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Wolf DH, Davatzikos C, Bassett DS, Fair DA, Fan Y, Satterthwaite TD. Individual Variation in Functional Topography of Association Networks in Youth. Neuron 2020; 106:340-353.e8. [PMID: 32078800 PMCID: PMC7182484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of large-scale functional networks on the cerebral cortex differs between individuals and is particularly variable in association networks that are responsible for higher-order cognition. However, it remains unknown how this functional topography evolves in development and supports cognition. Capitalizing on advances in machine learning and a large sample imaged with 27 min of high-quality functional MRI (fMRI) data (n = 693, ages 8-23 years), we delineate how functional topography evolves during youth. We found that the functional topography of association networks is refined with age, allowing accurate prediction of unseen individuals' brain maturity. The cortical representation of association networks predicts individual differences in executive function. Finally, variability of functional topography is associated with fundamental properties of brain organization, including evolutionary expansion, cortical myelination, and cerebral blood flow. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the plasticity and diversity of functional neuroanatomy during development and suggest advances in personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixu Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cedric H Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Graham L Baum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matt Cieslak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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35
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Cui Z, Stiso J, Baum GL, Kim JZ, Roalf DR, Betzel RF, Gu S, Lu Z, Xia CH, He X, Ciric R, Oathes DJ, Moore TM, Shinohara RT, Ruparel K, Davatzikos C, Pasqualetti F, Gur RE, Gur RC, Bassett DS, Satterthwaite TD. Optimization of energy state transition trajectory supports the development of executive function during youth. eLife 2020; 9:e53060. [PMID: 32216874 PMCID: PMC7162657 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive function develops during adolescence, yet it remains unknown how structural brain networks mature to facilitate activation of the fronto-parietal system, which is critical for executive function. In a sample of 946 human youths (ages 8-23y) who completed diffusion imaging, we capitalized upon recent advances in linear dynamical network control theory to calculate the energetic cost necessary to activate the fronto-parietal system through the control of multiple brain regions given existing structural network topology. We found that the energy required to activate the fronto-parietal system declined with development, and the pattern of regional energetic cost predicts unseen individuals' brain maturity. Finally, energetic requirements of the cingulate cortex were negatively correlated with executive performance, and partially mediated the development of executive performance with age. Our results reveal a mechanism by which structural networks develop during adolescence to reduce the theoretical energetic costs of transitions to activation states necessary for executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixu Cui
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Graham L Baum
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jason Z Kim
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - David R Roalf
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonUnited States
| | - Shi Gu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Zhixin Lu
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Cedric H Xia
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaosong He
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rastko Ciric
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Neurology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Departments of Neurology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Santa Fe InstituteSanta FeUnited States
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36
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Parker N, Vidal-Pineiro D, French L, Shin J, Adams HHH, Brodaty H, Cox SR, Deary IJ, Fjell AM, Frenzel S, Grabe H, Hosten N, Ikram MA, Jiang J, Knol MJ, Mazoyer B, Mishra A, Sachdev PS, Salum G, Satizabal CL, Schmidt H, Schmidt R, Seshadri S, Schumann G, Völzke H, Walhovd KB, Wen W, Wittfeld K, Yang Q, Debette S, Pausova Z, Paus T. Corticosteroids and Regional Variations in Thickness of the Human Cerebral Cortex across the Lifespan. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:575-586. [PMID: 31240317 PMCID: PMC7444740 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposures to life stressors accumulate across the lifespan, with possible impact on brain health. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms mediating age-related changes in brain structure. We use a lifespan sample of participants (n = 21 251; 4-97 years) to investigate the relationship between the thickness of cerebral cortex and the expression of the glucocorticoid- and the mineralocorticoid-receptor genes (NR3C1 and NR3C2, respectively), obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. In all participants, cortical thickness correlated negatively with the expression of both NR3C1 and NR3C2 across 34 cortical regions. The magnitude of this correlation varied across the lifespan. From childhood through early adulthood, the profile similarity (between NR3C1/NR3C2 expression and thickness) increased with age. Conversely, both profile similarities decreased with age in late life. These variations do not reflect age-related changes in NR3C1 and NR3C2 expression, as observed in 5 databases of gene expression in the human cerebral cortex (502 donors). Based on the co-expression of NR3C1 (and NR3C2) with genes specific to neural cell types, we determine the potential involvement of microglia, astrocytes, and CA1 pyramidal cells in mediating the relationship between corticosteroid exposure and cortical thickness. Therefore, corticosteroids may influence brain structure to a variable degree throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Parker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Didac Vidal-Pineiro
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
| | - Leon French
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1L8, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburg EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburg EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0318, Norway
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Hans Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/ Greifswald 18147, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 5293, France
| | - Aniket Mishra
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Giovanni Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department of SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald 13316, Germany
- DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), Site Greifswald
85764, Germany
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0318, Norway
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburg EH8 9JZ, UK
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/ Greifswald 18147, Germany
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto M4G 1R8, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto
M5T 1R8, Canada
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Schmitt JE, Raznahan A, Liu S, Neale MC. The genetics of cortical myelination in young adults and its relationships to cerebral surface area, cortical thickness, and intelligence: A magnetic resonance imaging study of twins and families. Neuroimage 2020; 206:116319. [PMID: 31678229 PMCID: PMC7871660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex contains a significant quantity of intracortical myelin, but the genetics of cortical myelination (CM) in humans is not well understood. Relatively novel MRI-derived measures now enable the investigation of cortical myelination in large samples. In this study, we use a genetically-informative neuroimaging sample of 1096 young adult subjects from the Human Connectome Project in order to investigate genetic and environmental variation in CM and its relationships with cerebral surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT). We found that genetic factors account for approximately 50% of the observed individual differences in mean cortical myelin, 75% of the variation in total SA, and 85% of the variance in global mean CT. Although significant genetic influences were found throughout the cortex, both CM and SA demonstrated a posterior predominance, with disproportionately strong effects in the parietal and occipital lobes and significantly overlapping heritability maps (p < 0.001). Yet despite showing similar spatial heritability patterns, we found evidence that CM is genetically independent from SA at both global and vertex levels; genetically-mediated relationships between CM and CT were similarly small in magnitude. We also found small but statistically significant genetic associations between NIH Toolbox Total Cognition score and CM in the temporal lobe and insula. SA-cognition and CT-cognition correlations were less widespread compared to CM and both patterns were similar to those reported in prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Schmitt
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Division of Neuroradiology, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 4C110, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 4C110, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Michael C Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-980126, USA.
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38
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Jalbrzikowski M, Freedman D, Hegarty CE, Mennigen E, Karlsgodt KH, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Gur RE, Bearden CE. Structural Brain Alterations in Youth With Psychosis and Bipolar Spectrum Symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:1079-1091. [PMID: 30768396 PMCID: PMC7110691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults with established diagnoses of serious mental illness (bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) exhibit structural brain abnormalities, yet less is known about how such abnormalities manifest earlier in development. METHOD Cross-sectional data publicly available from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) were analyzed. Structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging data were collected on a subset of the PNC (N = 989; 9-22 years old). Cortical thickness, surface area (SA), and subcortical volumes were calculated. Study participants were assessed for psychiatric symptomatology using a structured interview and the following groups were created: typically developing (n = 376), psychosis spectrum (PS; n = 113), bipolar spectrum (BP; n = 117), and BP + PS (n = 109). Group and developmental differences in structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures were examined. In addition, the extent to which any structural aberration was related to neurocognition, global functioning, and clinical symptomatology was examined. RESULTS Compared with other groups, PS youth exhibited significantly decreased SA in the orbitofrontal, cingulate, precentral, and postcentral regions. PS youth also exhibited deceased thalamic volume compared with all other groups. The strongest effects for precentral and posterior cingulate SA decreases were seen during early adolescence (13-15 years old) in PS youth. The strongest effects for decreases in thalamic volume and orbitofrontal and postcentral SA were observed in mid-adolescence (16-18 years) in PS youth. Across groups, better overall functioning was associated with increased lateral orbitofrontal SA. Increased postcentral SA was associated with better executive cognition and less severe negative symptoms in the entire sample. CONCLUSION In a community-based sample, decreased cortical SA and thalamic volume were present early in adolescent development in youth with PS symptoms, but not in youth with BP symptoms or with BP and PS symptoms. These findings point to potential biological distinctions between PS and BP conditions, which could suggest additional biomarkers relevant to early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Freedman
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Eva Mennigen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Roel A Ophoff
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; University of California, Los Angeles
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39
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Mulder TA, Kocevska D, Muetzel RL, Koopman-Verhoeff ME, Hillegers MH, White T, Tiemeier H. Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1242-1250. [PMID: 31240728 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems occur in up to 30% of children and have been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. However, due to a lack of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological changes that may underlie some of these associations have remained unclear. This study explored the association between sleep problems during childhood and white matter (WM) microstructure in preadolescence. METHODS Children from the population-based birth cohort, the Generation R Study, who had repeatedly assessed sleep problems between 1.5 and 10 years of age and a MRI scan at age 10 (N = 2,449), were included. Mothers reported on their child's sleep problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5) when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age. At age 2, mothers completed very similar questions. At age 10, both children and their mothers reported on sleep problems. We used whole-brain and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values obtained through diffusion tensor imaging as measures of WM microstructure. RESULTS Childhood sleep problems at 1.5, 2, and 6 years of age were associated with less WM microstructural integrity (approximately 0.05 SD lower global FA score per 1-SD sleep problems). In repeated-measures analyses, children with more sleep problems (per 1-SD) at baseline had lower FA values at age 10 in particular in the corticospinal tract (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.20;-0.05), the uncinate fasciculus (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.19;-0.05), and the forceps major (-0.11 SD, 95% CI:-0.18;-0.03), although effect estimates across the tracts did not differ substantially. CONCLUSIONS Childhood sleep disturbances are associated with less WM microstructural integrity in preadolescence. Our results show that early neurodevelopment may be a period of particular vulnerability to sleep problems. This study cannot demonstrate causality but suggests that preventive interventions addressing sleep problems should be further explored to test whether they impact adverse neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A Mulder
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Elisabeth Koopman-Verhoeff
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon H Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Moore TM, Calkins ME, Satterthwaite TD, Roalf DR, Rosen AFG, Gur RC, Gur RE. Development of a computerized adaptive screening tool for overall psychopathology ("p"). J Psychiatr Res 2019; 116:26-33. [PMID: 31176109 PMCID: PMC6649661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of work supports the existence of a general psychopathology factor ("p"). Psychometrically, this is important because it implies that there is a psychological phenomenon (overall psychopathology) that can be measured and potentially used in clinical research or treatment. The present study aimed to construct, calibrate, and begin to validate a computerized adaptive (CAT) screener for "p". In a large community sample (N = 4544; age 11-21), we modeled 114 clinical items using a bifactor multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model and constructed a fully functional (and public) CAT for assessing "p" called the Overall mental illness (OMI) screener. In a random, non-overlapping sample (N = 1019) with extended phenotyping (neuroimaging) from the same community cohort, adaptive versions of the OMI screener (10-, 20-, and 40-item) were simulated and compared to the full 114-item test in their ability to predict demographic characteristics, common mental disorders, and brain parameters. The OMI screener performed almost as well as the full test, despite being only a small fraction of the length. For prediction of 13 mental disorders, the mid-length (20-item) adaptive version showed mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76, compared to 0.79 for the full version. For prediction of brain parameters, mean absolute standardized relationship was 0.06 for the 20-item adaptive version, compared to 0.07 for the full form. This brief, public tool may facilitate the rapid and accurate measurement of overall psychopathology in large-scale studies and in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adon F G Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Moberget T, Alnæs D, Kaufmann T, Doan NT, Córdova-Palomera A, Norbom LB, Rokicki J, van der Meer D, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume Is Associated With Cognitive Function and Psychopathology in Adolescence. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:65-75. [PMID: 30850129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports cerebellar involvement in mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, little is known about the cerebellum in developmental stages of these disorders. In particular, whether cerebellar morphology is associated with early expression of specific symptom domains remains unclear. METHODS We used machine learning to test whether cerebellar morphometric features could robustly predict general cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in a large and well-characterized developmental community sample centered on adolescence (Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, n = 1401, age 8-23 years). RESULTS Cerebellar morphology was associated with both general cognitive function and general psychopathology (mean correlations between predicted and observed values: r = .20 and r = .13; p < .001). Analyses of specific symptom domains revealed significant associations with rates of norm-violating behavior (r = .17; p < .001) as well as psychosis (r = .12; p < .001) and anxiety (r = .09; p = .012) symptoms. In contrast, we observed no associations with attention deficits or depressive, manic, or obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Crucially, across 52 brain-wide anatomical features, cerebellar features emerged as the most important for prediction of general psychopathology, psychotic symptoms, and norm-violating behavior. Moreover, the association between cerebellar volume and psychotic symptoms and, to a lesser extent, norm-violating behavior remained significant when adjusting for several potentially confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The robust associations with psychiatric symptoms in the age range when these typically emerge highlight the cerebellum as a key brain structure in the development of severe mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torgeir Moberget
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Bonaventure Norbom
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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42
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Gehringer JE, Arpin DJ, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW, Kurz MJ. Practice modulates motor-related beta oscillations differently in adolescents and adults. J Physiol 2019; 597:3203-3216. [PMID: 31045245 PMCID: PMC7105901 DOI: 10.1113/jp277326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Magnetoencephalography data were acquired during a leg force task in pre-/post-practice sessions in adolescents and adults. Strong peri-movement alpha and beta oscillations were mapped to the cortex. Following practice, performance improved and beta oscillations were altered. Beta oscillations decreased in the sensorimotor cortex in adolescents after practice, but increased in adults. No pre-/post-practice differences were detected for alpha oscillations. ABSTRACT There is considerable evidence that there are motor performance and practice differences between adolescents and adults. Behavioural studies have suggested that these motor performance differences are simply due to experience. However, the neurophysiological nexus for these motor performance differences remains unknown. The present study investigates the short-term changes (e.g. fast motor learning) in the alpha and beta event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) associated with practising an ankle plantarflexion motor action. To this end, we utilized magnetoencephalography to identify changes in the alpha and beta ERDs in healthy adolescents (n = 21; age = 14 ± 2.1 years) and middle-aged adults (n = 22; age = 36.6 ± 5 years) after practising an isometric ankle plantarflexion target-matching task. After practice, all of the participants matched more targets and matched the targets faster, and had improved accuracy, faster reaction times and faster force production. However, the motor performance of the adults exceeded what was seen in the adolescents regardless of practice. In conjunction with the behavioural results, the strength of the beta ERDs across the motor planning and execution stages was reduced after practice in the sensorimotor cortices of the adolescents, but was stronger in the adults. No pre-/post-practice changes were found in the alpha ERDs. These outcomes suggest that there are age-dependent changes in the sensorimotor cortical oscillations after practising a motor task. We suspect that these noted differences might be related to familiarity with the motor task, GABA levels and/or maturational differences in the integrity of the white matter fibre tracts that comprise the respective cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Gehringer
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David J Arpin
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Max J Kurz
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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43
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Cornblath EJ, Tang E, Baum GL, Moore TM, Adebimpe A, Roalf DR, Gur RC, Gur RE, Pasqualetti F, Satterthwaite TD, Bassett DS. Sex differences in network controllability as a predictor of executive function in youth. Neuroimage 2019; 188:122-134. [PMID: 30508681 PMCID: PMC6401302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive function is a quintessential human capacity that emerges late in development and displays different developmental trends in males and females. Sex differences in executive function in youth have been linked to vulnerability to psychopathology as well as to behaviors that impinge on health, wellbeing, and longevity. Yet, the neurobiological basis of these differences is not well understood, in part due to the spatiotemporal complexity inherent in patterns of brain network maturation supporting executive function. Here we test the hypothesis that sex differences in impulsivity in youth stem from sex differences in the controllability of structural brain networks as they rewire over development. Combining methods from network neuroscience and network control theory, we characterize the network control properties of structural brain networks estimated from diffusion imaging data acquired in males and females in a sample of 879 youth aged 8-22 years. We summarize the control properties of these networks by estimating average and modal controllability, two statistics that probe the ease with which brain areas can drive the network towards easy versus difficult-to-reach states. We find that females have higher modal controllability in frontal, parietal, and subcortical regions while males have higher average controllability in frontal and subcortical regions. Furthermore, controllability profiles in males are negatively related to the false positive rate on a continuous performance task, a common measure of impulsivity. Finally, we find associations between average controllability and individual differences in activation during an n-back working memory task. Taken together, our findings support the notion that sex differences in the controllability of structural brain networks can partially explain sex differences in executive function. Controllability of structural brain networks also predicts features of task-relevant activation, suggesting the potential for controllability to represent context-specific constraints on network state more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli J Cornblath
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Evelyn Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Graham L Baum
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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44
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Hunt BAE, Wong SM, Vandewouw MM, Brookes MJ, Dunkley BT, Taylor MJ. Spatial and spectral trajectories in typical neurodevelopment from childhood to middle age. Netw Neurosci 2019; 3:497-520. [PMID: 30984904 PMCID: PMC6444935 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed characterization of typical human neurodevelopment is key if we are to understand the nature of mental and neurological pathology. While research on the cellular processes of neurodevelopment has made great advances, in vivo human imaging is crucial to understand our uniquely human capabilities, as well as the pathologies that affect them. Using magnetoencephalography data in the largest normative sample currently available (324 participants aged 6-45 years), we assess the developmental trajectory of resting-state oscillatory power and functional connectivity from childhood to middle age. The maturational course of power, indicative of local processing, was found to both increase and decrease in a spectrally dependent fashion. Using the strength of phase-synchrony between parcellated regions, we found significant linear and nonlinear (quadratic and logarithmic) trajectories to be characterized in a spatially heterogeneous frequency-specific manner, such as a superior frontal region with linear and nonlinear trajectories in theta and gamma band respectively. Assessment of global efficiency revealed similar significant nonlinear trajectories across all frequency bands. Our results link with the development of human cognitive abilities; they also highlight the complexity of neurodevelopment and provide quantitative parameters for replication and a robust footing from which clinical research may map pathological deviations from these typical trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. E. Hunt
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simeon M. Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marlee M. Vandewouw
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Brookes
- The Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Dunkley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J. Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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45
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Vandekar SN, Shou H, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Merikangas AK, Roalf DR, Ruparel K, Rosen A, Gennatas ED, Elliott MA, Davatzikos C, Gur RC, Gur RE, Detre JA. Sex differences in estimated brain metabolism in relation to body growth through adolescence. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:524-535. [PMID: 29072856 PMCID: PMC6421255 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17737692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human brain consumes a disproportionate amount of the body's overall metabolic resources, and evidence suggests that brain and body may compete for substrate during development. Using perfusion MRI from a large cross-sectional cohort, we examined developmental changes of MRI-derived estimates of brain metabolism, in relation to weight change. Nonlinear models demonstrated that, in childhood, changes in body weight were inversely related to developmental age-related changes in brain metabolism. This inverse relationship persisted through early adolescence, after which body and brain metabolism began to decline. Females achieved maximum body growth approximately two years earlier than males, with a correspondingly earlier stabilization of brain metabolism to adult levels. These findings confirm prior findings with positron emission tomography performed in a much smaller cohort, demonstrate that relative brain metabolism can be inferred from noninvasive MRI data, and extend observations on the associations between body growth and brain metabolism to sex differences through adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Vandekar
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haochang Shou
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Russell T Shinohara
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison K Merikangas
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adon Rosen
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Mark A Elliott
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,4 Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,5 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,5 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Detre
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,5 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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46
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Paulus MP, Squeglia LM, Bagot K, Jacobus J, Kuplicki R, Breslin FJ, Bodurka J, Morris AS, Thompson WK, Bartsch H, Tapert SF. Screen media activity and brain structure in youth: Evidence for diverse structural correlation networks from the ABCD study. Neuroimage 2019; 185:140-153. [PMID: 30339913 PMCID: PMC6487868 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The adolescent brain undergoes profound structural changes which is influenced by many factors. Screen media activity (SMA; e.g., watching television or videos, playing video games, or using social media) is a common recreational activity in children and adolescents; however, its effect on brain structure is not well understood. A multivariate approach with the first cross-sectional data release from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study was used to test the maturational coupling hypothesis, i.e. the notion that coordinated patterns of structural change related to specific behaviors. Moreover, the utility of this approach was tested by determining the association between these structural correlation networks and psychopathology or cognition. ABCD participants with usable structural imaging and SMA data (N = 4277 of 4524) were subjected to a Group Factor Analysis (GFA) to identify latent variables that relate SMA to cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and gray matter volume. Subject scores from these latent variables were used in generalized linear mixed-effect models to investigate associations between SMA and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, as well as fluid and crystalized intelligence. Four SMA-related GFAs explained 37% of the variance between SMA and structural brain indices. SMA-related GFAs correlated with brain areas that support homologous functions. Some but not all SMA-related factors corresponded with higher externalizing (Cohen's d effect size (ES) 0.06-0.1) but not internalizing psychopathology and lower crystalized (ES: 0.08-0.1) and fluid intelligence (ES: 0.04-0.09). Taken together, these findings support the notion of SMA related maturational coupling or structural correlation networks in the brain and provides evidence that individual differences of these networks have mixed consequences for psychopathology and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, USA
| | - Kara Bagot
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | | | | | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Amanda Sheffield Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oklahoma State University, College of Human Development and Family Science, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- University of California San Diego, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, USA
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- University of California San Diego, Department of Radiology, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, USA
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47
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Kaczkurkin AN, Raznahan A, Satterthwaite TD. Sex differences in the developing brain: insights from multimodal neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:71-85. [PMID: 29930385 PMCID: PMC6235840 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Youth (including both childhood and adolescence) is a period when the brain undergoes dramatic remodeling and is also a time when neuropsychiatric conditions often emerge. Many of these illnesses have substantial sex differences in prevalence, suggesting that sex differences in brain development may underlie differential risk for psychiatric symptoms between males and females. Substantial evidence documents sex differences in brain structure and function in adults, and accumulating data suggests that these sex differences may be present or emerge during development. Here we review the evidence for sex differences in brain structure, white matter organization, and perfusion during development. We then use these normative differences as a framework to understand sex differences in brain development associated with psychopathology. In particular, we focus on sex differences in the brain as they relate to anxiety, depression, psychosis, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. Finally, we highlight existing limitations, gaps in knowledge, and fertile avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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48
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Zoellner S, Benner J, Zeidler B, Seither-Preisler A, Christiner M, Seitz A, Goebel R, Heinecke A, Wengenroth M, Blatow M, Schneider P. Reduced cortical thickness in Heschl's gyrus as an in vivo marker for human primary auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1139-1154. [PMID: 30367737 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary auditory cortex (PAC) is located in the region of Heschl's gyrus (HG), as confirmed by histological, cytoarchitectonical, and neurofunctional studies. Applying cortical thickness (CTH) analysis based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 60 primary school children and 60 adults, we investigated the CTH distribution of left and right auditory cortex (AC) and primary auditory source activity at the group and individual level. Both groups showed contoured regions of reduced auditory cortex (redAC) along the mediolateral extension of HG, illustrating large inter-individual variability with respect to shape, localization, and lateralization. In the right hemisphere, redAC localized more within the medial portion of HG, extending typically across HG duplications. In the left hemisphere, redAC was distributed significantly more laterally, reaching toward the anterolateral portion of HG. In both hemispheres, redAC was found to be significantly thinner (mean CTH of 2.34 mm) as compared to surrounding areas (2.99 mm). This effect was more dominant in the right hemisphere rather than in the left one. Moreover, localization of the primary component of auditory evoked activity (P1), as measured by MEG in response to complex harmonic sounds, strictly co-localized with redAC. This structure-function link was found consistently at the group and individual level, suggesting PAC to be represented by areas of reduced cortex in HG. Thus, we propose reduced CTH as an in vivo marker for identifying shape and localization of PAC in the individual brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Zoellner
- Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Benner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Zeidler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Systematic Musicology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Christiner
- Department of Linguistics, Unit for Language Learning and Teaching Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Seitz
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armin Heinecke
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wengenroth
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Blatow
- Department of Neuroradiology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bletsch A, Mann C, Andrews DS, Daly E, Tan GMY, Murphy DGM, Ecker C. Down syndrome is accompanied by significantly reduced cortical grey-white matter tissue contrast. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4043-4054. [PMID: 29885016 PMCID: PMC6866483 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cortical thickness (CT) has been reported in Down syndrome (DS) during childhood and adolescence, but it remains unclear, which components of the neural architecture underpin these increases and if CT remains altered in adults. Among other factors, differences in CT measures could be driven by reduced tissue contrast between grey and white matter (GWC), which has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we therefore examined differences in CT and GWC in 26 adults with DS, and 23 controls, to (1) examine between-group differences in CT in adulthood, (2) establish whether DS is associated with significant reductions in GWC, and (3) determine the influence of GWC variability on between-group differences in CT. As hypothesized, we observed that DS was accompanied by wide-spread increases in CT, and significantly reduced GWC in several large clusters distributed across the cortex. Out of all vertices with a significant between-group difference in CT, 38.50% also displayed a significant reduction in GWC. This percentage of overlap was also statistically significant and extremely unlikely to be obtained by chance (p = .0002). Differences in GWC thus seem to explain some, although not all, of the differences in CT observed in DS. In addition, our study is the first to extend previous in vivo reports of altered CT in DS during childhood and adolescence to older adults, implying that the regional pattern of neuroanatomical differences associated with DS remains stable across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Bletsch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe‐University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Caroline Mann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe‐University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Derek S. Andrews
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and the Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and the Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Giles M. Y. Tan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and the Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Declan G. M. Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and the Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe‐University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and the Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
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Mahdi A, Su M, Schlesinger M, Qin J. A Comparison Study of Saliency Models for Fixation Prediction on Infants and Adults. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2017.2696439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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