1
|
Bukhari QUA, Della Pelle F, Alvarez-Diduk R, Scroccarello A, Nogués C, Careta O, Compagnone D, Merkoci A. Laser-assembled conductive 3D nanozyme film-based nitrocellulose sensor for real-time detection of H 2O 2 released from cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116544. [PMID: 38963952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a nanostructured conductive film possessing nanozyme features was straightforwardly produced via laser-assembling and integrated into complete nitrocellulose sensors; the cellulosic substrate allows to host live cells, while the nanostructured film nanozyme activity ensures the enzyme-free real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released by the sames. In detail, a highly exfoliated reduced graphene oxide 3D film decorated with naked platinum nanocubes was produced using a CO2-laser plotter via the simultaneous reduction and patterning of graphene oxide and platinum cations; the nanostructured film was integrated into a nitrocellulose substrate and the complete sensor was manufactured using an affordable semi-automatic printing approach. The linear range for the direct H2O2 determination was 0.5-80 μM (R2 = 0.9943), with a limit of detection of 0.2 μM. Live cell measurements were achieved by placing the sensor in the culture medium, ensuring their adhesion on the sensors' surface; two cell lines were used as non-tumorigenic (Vero cells) and tumorigenic (SKBR3 cells) models, respectively. Real-time detection of H2O2 released by cells upon stimulation with phorbol ester was carried out; the nitrocellulose sensor returned on-site and real-time quantitative information on the H2O2 released proving useful sensitivity and selectivity, allowing to distinguish tumorigenic cells. The proposed strategy allows low-cost in-series semi-automatic production of paper-based point-of-care devices using simple benchtop instrumentation, paving the way for the easy and affordable monitoring of the cytopathology state of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qurat U A Bukhari
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ruslan Alvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Annalisa Scroccarello
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carme Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Careta
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Arben Merkoci
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bon L, Banaś A, Dias I, Melo-Marques I, Cardoso SM, Chaves S, Santos MA. New Multitarget Rivastigmine-Indole Hybrids as Potential Drug Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:281. [PMID: 38399339 PMCID: PMC10892719 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with no cure so far, probably due to the complexity of this multifactorial disease with diverse processes associated with its origin and progress. Several neuropathological hallmarks have been identified that encourage the search for new multitarget drugs. Therefore, following a multitarget approach, nine rivastigmine-indole (RIV-IND) hybrids (5a1-3, 5b1-3, 5c1-3) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their multiple biological properties and free radical scavenging activity, as potential multitarget anti-AD drugs. The molecular docking studies of these hybrids on the active center of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) suggest their capacity to act as dual enzyme inhibitors with probable greater disease-modifying impact relative to AChE-selective FDA-approved drugs. Compounds 5a3 (IC50 = 10.9 µM) and 5c3 (IC50 = 26.8 µM) revealed higher AChE inhibition than the parent RIV drug. Radical scavenging assays demonstrated that all the hybrids containing a hydroxyl substituent in the IND moiety (5a2-3, 5b2-3, 5c2-3) have good antioxidant activity (EC50 7.8-20.7 µM). The most effective inhibitors of Aβ42 self-aggregation are 5a3, 5b3 and 5c3 (47.8-55.5%), and compounds 5b2 and 5c2 can prevent the toxicity induced by Aβ1-42 to cells. The in silico evaluation of the drug-likeness of the hybrids also showed that all the compounds seem to have potential oral availability. Overall, within this class of RIV-IND hybrids, 5a3 and 5c3 appear as lead compounds for anti-AD drug candidates, deserving further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Bon
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.)
| | - Angelika Banaś
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.)
| | - Inês Dias
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.)
| | - Inês Melo-Marques
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.M.-M.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.M.-M.); (S.M.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Chaves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.)
| | - M. Amélia Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paramanik V, Kurrey K, Singh P, Tiwari S. Roles of genistein in learning and memory during aging and neurological disorders. Biogerontology 2023; 24:329-346. [PMID: 36828983 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a non-steroidal phytoestrogen that belongs to the isoflavone class. It is abundantly found in soy. Soy and its products are used as food components in many countries including India. The present review is focused to address roles of GEN in brain functions in the context of learning and memory as a function of aging and neurological disorders. Memory decline is one of the most disabling features observed during normal aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), etc. Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in the brain with advancement of age and pathological conditions lead to decline of cognitive functions. GEN is chemically comparable to estradiol and binds to estrogen receptors (ERs). GEN acts through ERs and mimics estrogen action. After binding to ERs, GEN regulates a plethora of brain functions including learning and memory; however detailed study still remains elusive. Due to the neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, GEN is used to restore or improve memory functions in different animal models and humans. The present review may be helpful to understand roles of GEN in learning and memory during aging and neurological disorders, its direction of research and therapeutic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Paramanik
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India.
| | - Khuleshwari Kurrey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neurobiology Division, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Padmanabh Singh
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India
| | - Sneha Tiwari
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abend A, Steele C, Schmidt S, Frank R, Jahnke HG, Zink M. Neuronal and glial cell co-culture organization and impedance spectroscopy on nanocolumnar TiN films for lab-on-a-chip devices. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5719-5730. [PMID: 36039696 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip devices, such as multielectrode arrays (MEAs), offer great advantages to study function and behavior of biological cells, such as neurons, outside the complex tissue structure. Nevertheless, in vitro systems can only succeed if they represent realistic conditions such as cell organization as similarly found in tissues. In our study, we employ a co-culture system of neuron-like (SH-SY5Y) and glial-like (U-87 MG) cells with various neuron-glial ratios to model different brain regions with different cellular compositions in vitro. We find that cell behavior in terms of cellular organization, as well as proliferation, depends on neuron-glial cell ratio, as well as the underlying substrate material. In fact, nanocolumnar titanium nitride (TiN nano), which exhibits improved electric properties for neural recording on MEA, shows improved biocompatible features compared to indium tin oxide (ITO). Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments allow us to monitor cellular processes label-free in real-time over several days with multielectrode arrays. Additionally, electrochemical impedance experiments reveal superiority of TiN with nanocolumnar surface modification in comparison with ITO. TiN nano exhibits enhanced relative cell signals and improved signal-to-noise ratio, especially for smaller electrode sizes, which makes nanocolumnar TiN a promising candidate for research on neural recording and stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abend
- Research Group Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Chelsie Steele
- Research Group Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Schmidt
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Frank
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mareike Zink
- Research Group Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Serin M, Kara P. Biosensing strategies (approaches) for diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis. Talanta 2022; 252:123794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Karaboğa MNS, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensor approaches on the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: Sensing the past to the future. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 209:114479. [PMID: 34861607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of neurodegeneration-oriented diseases that develop with the aging world is essential for improving the patient's living conditions as well as the treatment of the disease. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are prominent examples of neurodegeneration characterized by dementia leading to the death of nerve cells. The clinical diagnosis of these diseases only after the symptoms appear, delays the treatment process. Detection of biomarkers, which are distinctive molecules in biological fluids, involved in neurodegeneration processes, has the potential to allow early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies on biosensors, whose main responsibility is to detect the target analyte with high specificity, has gained momentum in recent years with the aim of high detection of potential biomarkers of neurodegeneration process. This study aims to provide an overview of neuro-biosensors developed on the basis of biomarkers identified in biological fluids for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), and to provide an overview of the urgent needs in this field, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis in the general lines of the neurodegeneration pathway. In this review, biosensor systems developed for the detection of biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the last 5 years, are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Stahnisch FW. A Century of Brain Regeneration Phenomena and Neuromorphological Research Advances, 1890s-1990s-Examining the Practical Implications of Theory Dynamics in Modern Biomedicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:787632. [PMID: 35071231 PMCID: PMC8773698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.787632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern thesis regarding the "structural plastic" properties of the brain, as reactions to injuries, to tissue damage, and to degenerative cell apoptosis, can hardly be seen as expendable in clinical neurology and its allied disciplines (including internal medicine, psychiatry, neurosurgery, radiology, etc.). It extends for instance to wider research areas of clinical physiology and neuropsychology which almost one hundred years ago had been described as a critically important area for the brain sciences and psychology alike. Yet the mounting evidence concerning the range of structural neuroplastic phenomena beyond the significant early 3 years of childhood has shown that there is a progressive building up and refining of neural circuits in adaptation to the surrounding environment. This review essay explores the history behind multiple biological phenomena that were studied and became theoretically connected with the thesis of brain regeneration from Santiago Ramón y Cajal's pioneering work since the 1890s to the beginning of the American "Decade of the Brain" in the 1990s. It particularly analyzes the neuroanatomical perspectives on the adaptive capacities of the Central Nervous System (CNS) as well as model-like phenomena in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which were seen as displaying major central regenerative processes. Structural plastic phenomena have assumed large implications for the burgeoning field of regenerative or restorative medicine, while they also pose significant epistemological challenges for related experimental and theoretical research endeavors. Hereafter, early historical research precursors are examined, which investigated brain regeneration phenomena in non-vertebrates at the beginning of the 20th century, such as in light microscopic studies and later in electron microscopic findings that substantiated the presence of structural neuroplastic phenomena in higher cortical substrates. Furthermore, Experimental physiological research in hippocampal in vivo models of regeneration further confirmed and corroborated clinical physiological views, according to which "structural plasticity" could be interpreted as a positive regenerative CNS response to brain damage and degeneration. Yet the underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms remained to be established and the respective pathway effects were only conveyed through the discovery of neural stem cells in in adult mammalian brains in the early 1990s. Experimental results have since emphasized the genuine existence of adult neurogenesis phenomena in the CNS. The focus in this essay will be laid here on questions of the structure and function of scientific concepts, the development of research schools among biomedical investigators, as well as the impact of new data and phenomena through innovative methodologies and laboratory instruments in the neuroscientific endeavors of the 20th century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Stahnisch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of History, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lynch HF, Caplan A, Furlong P, Bateman-House A. Helpful Lessons and Cautionary Tales: How Should COVID-19 Drug Development and Access Inform Approaches to Non-Pandemic Diseases? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2021; 21:4-19. [PMID: 34665689 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2021.1974975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
After witnessing extraordinary scientific and regulatory efforts to speed development of and access to new COVID-19 interventions, patients facing other serious diseases have begun to ask "where's our Operation Warp Speed?" and "why isn't Emergency Use Authorization an option for our health crises?" Although this pandemic bears a number of unique features, the response to COVID-19 offers translatable lessons, in both its successes and failures, for non-pandemic diseases. These include the importance of collaborating across sectors, supporting the highest-priority research efforts, adopting rigorous and innovative trial designs, and sharing reliable information quickly. In addition, the regulatory response to the pandemic demonstrates that lowering standards for marketing authorization can result in increased safety concerns, missed opportunities for research and treatment, and delays in determining what works. Accordingly, policymakers and patient advocates seeking to build on the COVID-19 experience for non-pandemic diseases with unmet treatment needs should focus their efforts on promoting robust and efficient research designs, improving access to clinical trials, and facilitating use of the Food and Drug Administration's existing Expanded Access pathway.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Lahiri D, Roy P. Nutraceutical regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07262. [PMID: 34195404 PMCID: PMC8225984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a well-connected, intricate network of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurodegenerative diseases arise as a consequence of extensive loss of neuronal cells leading to disruption of their natural structure and function. On the contrary, rapid proliferation and growth of glial as well as neuronal cells account for the occurrence of malignancy in brain. In both cases, the molecular microenvironment holds pivotal importance in the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one of the major components of the molecular microenvironment. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. As compared to other tissues, the brain expresses a substantially high number of miRNAs. In the early stage of neurodegeneration, miRNA expression upregulates, while in oncogenesis, miRNA expression is gradually lost. Neurodegeneration and brain cancer is presumed to be under the influence of identical pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death which are tightly regulated by miRNAs. It has been confirmed experimentally that miRNA expression can be regulated by nutraceuticals - macronutrients, micronutrients or natural products derived from food; thereby making dietary supplements immensely significant for targeting miRNAs having altered expression patterns during neurodegeneration or oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail, about the common miRNAs involved in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases along with the comprehensive list of miRNAs involved separately in both pathological conditions. We will also discuss the role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of those miRNAs which are involved in both of these pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bang S, Lee S, Choi N, Kim HN. Emerging Brain-Pathophysiology-Mimetic Platforms for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases: Brain Organoids and Brains-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002119. [PMID: 34028201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the structural and functional integrity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Millions of people suffer from degenerative brain diseases worldwide, and the mortality continues to increase every year, causing a growing demand for knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and development of therapeutic targets. Conventional 2D-based cell culture platforms and animal models cannot fully recapitulate the pathophysiology, and this has limited the capability for estimating drug efficacy. Recently, engineered platforms, including brain organoids and brain-on-a-chip, have emerged. They mimic the physiology of brain tissue and reflect the fundamental pathophysiological signatures of neurodegenerative diseases, such as the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, structural abnormalities, and functional loss. In this paper, recent advances in brain-mimetic platforms and their potential for modeling features of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro are reviewed. The development of a physiologically relevant model should help overcome unresolved neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyun Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bowroju SK, Mainali N, Ayyadevara S, Penthala NR, Krishnamachari S, Kakraba S, Reis RJS, Crooks PA. Design and Synthesis of Novel Hybrid 8-Hydroxy Quinoline-Indole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Aβ Self-Aggregation and Metal Chelation-Induced Aβ Aggregation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163610. [PMID: 32784464 PMCID: PMC7463714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel hybrid 8-hydroxyquinoline-indole derivatives (7a-7e, 12a-12b and 18a-18h) were synthesized and screened for inhibitory activity against self-induced and metal-ion induced Aβ1-42 aggregation as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies identified the most inhibitory compounds against self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation as 18c, 18d and 18f (EC50 = 1.72, 1.48 and 1.08 µM, respectively) compared to the known anti-amyloid drug, clioquinol (1, EC50 = 9.95 µM). The fluorescence of thioflavin T-stained amyloid formed by Aβ1-42 aggregation in the presence of Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions was also dramatically decreased by treatment with 18c, 18d and 18f. The most potent hybrid compound 18f afforded 82.3% and 88.3% inhibition, respectively, against Cu2+- induced and Zn2+- induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Compounds 18c, 18d and 18f were shown to be effective in reducing protein aggregation in HEK-tau and SY5Y-APPSw cells. Molecular docking studies with the most active compounds performed against Aβ1-42 peptide indicated that the potent inhibitory activity of 18d and 18f were predicted to be due to hydrogen bonding interactions, π-π stacking interactions and π-cation interactions with Aβ1-42, which may inhibit both self-aggregation as well as metal ion binding to Aβ1-42 to favor the inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K. Bowroju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Nirjal Mainali
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Narsimha R. Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Sesha Krishnamachari
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Samuel Kakraba
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Robert J. Shmookler Reis
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen LQ, Zhao WS, Luo GZ. Mapping and editing of nucleic acid modifications. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:661-667. [PMID: 32257049 PMCID: PMC7113611 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification on nucleic acid plays a pivotal role in controlling gene expression. Various kinds of modifications greatly increase the information-encoding capacity of DNA and RNA by introducing extra chemical group to existing bases instead of altering the genetic sequences. As a marker on DNA or RNA, nucleic acid modification can be recognized by specific proteins, leading to versatile regulation of gene expression. However, modified and regular bases are often indistinguishable by most conventional molecular methods, impeding detailed functional studies that require the information of genomic location. Recently, new technologies are emerging to resolve the positions of varied modifications on both DNA and RNA. Intriguingly, by integrating regional targeting tools and effector proteins, researchers begin to actively control the modification status of desired gene in vivo. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of DNA and RNA modifications, the available mapping and editing tools, and the potential application as well as deficiency of these technologies in basic and translational researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guan-Zheng Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gusev EY, Zotova NV. Cellular Stress and General Pathological Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:251-297. [PMID: 31198111 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the general pathology, most of the human diseases are associated with a limited number of pathogenic processes such as inflammation, tumor growth, thrombosis, necrosis, fibrosis, atrophy, pathological hypertrophy, dysplasia and metaplasia. The phenomenon of chronic low-grade inflammation could be attributed to non-classical forms of inflammation, which include many neurodegenerative processes, pathological variants of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and other manifestations of the endothelial dysfunction. Individual and universal manifestations of cellular stress could be considered as a basic element of all these pathologies, which has both physiological and pathophysiological significance. The review examines the causes, main phenomena, developmental directions and outcomes of cellular stress using a phylogenetically conservative set of genes and their activation pathways, as well as tissue stress and its role in inflammatory and para-inflammatory processes. The main ways towards the realization of cellular stress and its functional blocks were outlined. The main stages of tissue stress and the classification of its typical manifestations, as well as its participation in the development of the classical and non-classical variants of the inflammatory process, were also described. The mechanisms of cellular and tissue stress are structured into the complex systems, which include networks that enable the exchange of information with multidirectional signaling pathways which together make these systems internally contradictory, and the result of their effects is often unpredictable. However, the possible solutions require new theoretical and methodological approaches, one of which includes the transition to integral criteria, which plausibly reflect the holistic image of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugeny Yu Gusev
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Zotova
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Ural Federal University named after B.N.Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Shen S, Fang H, Xu T. Total Synthesis of Galanthamine and Lycoramine Featuring an Early-Stage C-C and a Late-Stage Dehydrogenation via C-H Activation. Org Lett 2020; 22:1244-1248. [PMID: 31904968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel strategy toward galanthamine and lycoramine. The concise synthesis was enabled by a Rh-catalyzed gram-scale C-C activation for the tetracyclic carbon framework and a regioselective Pd-catalyzed C-H activation for double-bond introduction. An aqueous-phase Beckmann rearrangement was performed for nitrogen atom insertion. Galanthamine and lycoramine were completed in 11 and 10 steps, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Shuna Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Hua Fang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sammi SR, Foguth RM, Nieves CS, De Perre C, Wipf P, McMurray CT, Lee LS, Cannon JR. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Produces Dopaminergic Neuropathology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:417-434. [PMID: 31428778 PMCID: PMC6876260 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely utilized in numerous industries. Due to long environmental and biological half-lives, PFOS is a major public health concern. Although the literature suggests that PFOS may induce neurotoxicity, neurotoxic mechanisms, and neuropathology are poorly understood. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to determine if PFOS is selectively neurotoxic and potentially relevant to specific neurological diseases. Nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) were exposed to PFOS or related per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for 72 h and tested for evidence of neuropathology through examination of cholinergic, dopaminergic, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic, and serotoninergic neuronal morphologies. Dopaminergic and cholinergic functional analyses were assessed through 1-nonanol and Aldicarb assay. Mechanistic studies assessed total reactive oxygen species, superoxide ions, and mitochondrial content. Finally, therapeutic approaches were utilized to further examine pathogenic mechanisms. Dopaminergic neuropathology occurred at lower exposure levels (25 ppm, approximately 50 µM) than required to produce neuropathology in GABAergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons (100 ppm, approximately 200 µM). Further, PFOS exposure led to dopamine-dependent functional deficits, without altering acetylcholine-dependent paralysis. Mitochondrial content was affected by PFOS at far lower exposure level than required to induce pathology (≥1 ppm, approximately 2 µM). Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure also enhanced oxidative stress. Further, mutation in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase rendered animals more vulnerable. Neuroprotective approaches such as antioxidants, PFAS-protein dissociation, and targeted (mitochondrial) radical and electron scavenging were neuroprotective, suggesting specific mechanisms of action. In general, other tested PFAS were less neurotoxic. The primary impact is to prompt research into potential adverse outcomes related to PFAS-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | - Rachel M Foguth
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | | | - Chloe De Perre
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Cynthia T McMurray
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Madanagopal TT, Franco-Obregón A, Rosa V. Comparative study of xeno-free induction protocols for neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104572. [PMID: 31600663 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare three different xeno-free protocols for neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). METHODS DPSC were treated with three different media to induce neural differentiation namely N1 (DMEM for 5 days), N2 (PSC neural induction media for 7 days) and N3 (neural media with B27 supplement, 40 ng/ml bFGF and 20 ng/ml EGF for 21 days). Cell proliferation (MTS assay), morphology, gene (qPCR for NESTIN, VIMENTIN, TUB-3, ENO2, NF-M and NF-H) and protein expression (flow cytometry) of neurogenic markers were assessed at different time points and compared to untreated cells (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS). Statistical analysis was performed with global significance level of 5%. RESULTS N1 and N2 formulations increased the genetic expression of two out of six genes TUB-3, NF-M and TUB-3, NF-H, respectively, whereas N3 elevated the expression of all genes by the late stage. N3 also stimulated protein expression for NESTIN, TUB-3 and NF-H. Cells treated with both N2 and N3 presented neuron-like morphology, decreased proliferation and expression of stemness genes at protocol end point. CONCLUSION N3 was the most effective formulation in promoting a neurogenic shift in gene and protein expression. Cells provided with the N3 formulation exhibited neuron-like morphology, elaborating axonal-like projections concomitant with cell cycle withdrawal and reduced expression of stemness genes indicating greater commitment to a neurogenic lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thulasi Thiruvallur Madanagopal
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre For Oral Health Singapore, National University Hospital System, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Impact of Curcuma longa extract on the expression level of brain transporters in in vivo model. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Blood brain barrier and multidrug resistance phenomenon are subjects of many investigations. Mainly, because of their functions in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking the delivery of toxic substances to the brain. This special function has some disadvantages, like drug delivery to the brain in neurodegenerative diseases
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how natural and synthetic substances affect the expression levels of genes (Mdr1a, Mdr1b, Mrp1, Mrp2, Oatp1a4, Oatp1a5 and Oatp1c1) that encode transporters in the blood-brain barrier.
Methods: cDNA was synthesized from total RNA isolated from rat hippocampus. The expression level of genes was determined using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method.
Results: Our findings showed that verapamil, as a synthetic substance, caused the greatest reduction of mRNA level of genes studied. The standardized extract of Curcuma longa reduced the expression level for Mrp1 and Mrp2, whereas the increase of mRNA level was observed for Mdr1b, Oatp1a5 and Oatp1c1.
Conclusions: These results suggests that herbal extracts may play an important role in overcoming the blood brain barrier during pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sammi SR, Agim ZS, Cannon JR. From the Cover: Harmane-Induced Selective Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:335-348. [PMID: 29069497 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease. Although numerous exposures have been linked to PD etiology, causative factors for most cases remain largely unknown. Emerging data on the neurotoxicity of heterocyclic amines suggest that this class of compounds should be examined for relevance to PD. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we tested whether harmane exposure produced selective toxicity to dopamine neurons that is potentially relevant to PD. Harmane is a known tremorigenic β-carboline (a type of heterocyclic amine) found in cooked meat, roasted coffee beans, and tobacco. Thus, this compound represents a potentially important exposure. In the nematode model, we observed dopaminergic neurons to be selectively vulnerable, showing significant loss in terms of structure and function at lower doses than other neuronal populations. In examining mechanisms of toxicity, we observed significant harmane-induced decreases in mitochondrial viability and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Blocking transport through the dopamine transporter (DAT) was not neuroprotective, suggesting that harmane is unlikely to enter the cell through DAT. However, a mitochondrial complex I activator did partially ameliorate neurodegeneration. Further, mitochondrial complex I activator treatment reduced harmane-induced dopamine depletion, measured by the 1-nonanol assay. In summary, we have shown that harmane exposure in C. elegans produces selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity that may bear relevance to PD, and that neurotoxicity may be mediated through mitochondrial mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zeynep Sena Agim
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brewster JT, Dell’Acqua S, Thach DQ, Sessler JL. Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Donepezil. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:155-167. [PMID: 30372021 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase provided the first insight into the intricacies of chemical signal transduction and neuronal communication. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms led to an attendant leveraging of this knowledge via the synthesis of new therapeutics designed to control aberrant biochemical processes. The central role of the cholinergic system within human memory and learning, as well as its implication in Alzheimer's disease, has made it a point of focus within the neuropharmacology and medicinal chemistry communities. This review is focused on donepezil and covers the background, synthetic routes, structure-activity relationships, binding interactions with acetylcholinesterase, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, efficacy, adverse effects, and historical importance of this leading therapeutic in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and true Classic in Chemical Neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Simone Dell’Acqua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Danny Q. Thach
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
François-Moutal L, Jahanbakhsh S, Nelson ADL, Ray D, Scott DD, Hennefarth MR, Moutal A, Perez-Miller S, Ambrose AJ, Al-Shamari A, Coursodon P, Meechoovet B, Reiman R, Lyons E, Beilstein M, Chapman E, Morris QD, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Hughes TR, Khanna R, Koehler C, Jen J, Gokhale V, Khanna M. A Chemical Biology Approach to Model Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 1B (PCH1B). ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3000-3010. [PMID: 30141626 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of EXOSC3 have been linked to the rare neurological disorder known as Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia type 1B (PCH1B). EXOSC3 is one of three putative RNA-binding structural cap proteins that guide RNA into the RNA exosome, the cellular machinery that degrades RNA. Using RNAcompete, we identified a G-rich RNA motif binding to EXOSC3. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) indicated an affinity in the low micromolar range of EXOSC3 for long and short G-rich RNA sequences. Although several PCH1B-causing mutations in EXOSC3 did not engage a specific RNA motif as shown by RNAcompete, they exhibited lower binding affinity to G-rich RNA as demonstrated by MST. To test the hypothesis that modification of the RNA-protein interface in EXOSC3 mutants may be phenocopied by small molecules, we performed an in-silico screen of 50 000 small molecules and used enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) and MST to assess the ability of the molecules to inhibit RNA-binding by EXOSC3. We identified a small molecule, EXOSC3-RNA disrupting (ERD) compound 3 (ERD03), which ( i) bound specifically to EXOSC3 in saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR), ( ii) disrupted the EXOSC3-RNA interaction in a concentration-dependent manner, and ( iii) produced a PCH1B-like phenotype with a 50% reduction in the cerebellum and an abnormally curved spine in zebrafish embryos. This compound also induced modification of zebrafish RNA expression levels similar to that observed with a morpholino against EXOSC3. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a small molecule obtained by rational design that models the abnormal developmental effects of a neurodegenerative disease in a whole organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Shahriyar Jahanbakhsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew D. L. Nelson
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Debashish Ray
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - David D. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hennefarth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Andrew J. Ambrose
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Shamari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Philippe Coursodon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mark Beilstein
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Quaid D. Morris
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E1
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 2E4
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S3G4
| | | | - Timothy R. Hughes
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E1
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Carla Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joanna Jen
- Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Florendo M, Figacz A, Srinageshwar B, Sharma A, Swanson D, Dunbar GL, Rossignol J. Use of Polyamidoamine Dendrimers in Brain Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092238. [PMID: 30177605 PMCID: PMC6225146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are one of the smallest and most precise nanomolecules available today, which have promising applications for the treatment of brain diseases. Each aspect of the dendrimer (core, size or generation, size of cavities, and surface functional groups) can be precisely modulated to yield a variety of nanocarriers for delivery of drugs and genes to brain cells in vitro or in vivo. Two of the most important criteria to consider when using PAMAM dendrimers for neuroscience applications is their safety profile and their potential to be prepared in a reproducible manner. Based on these criteria, features of PAMAM dendrimers are described to help the neuroscience researcher to judiciously choose the right type of dendrimer and the appropriate method for loading the drug to form a safe and effective delivery system to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florendo
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Alexander Figacz
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Bhairavi Srinageshwar
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Ajit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Douglas Swanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary's of Michigan, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA.
| | - Julien Rossignol
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gárate F, Pertusa M, Arana Y, Bernal R. Non-invasive Neurite Mechanics in Differentiated PC12 Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:194. [PMID: 30052690 PMCID: PMC6043779 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal Fluctuations Spectroscopy (TFS) in combination with novel optical-based instrumentation was used to study mechanical properties of cell-cultured neurites with a spatial resolution limited only by the light diffraction. The analysis of thermal fluctuations together with a physical model of cellular elasticity allow us to determine relevant mechanical properties of neurite as axial tension σ, flexural rigidity B, plasma membrane tension γ, membrane bending rigidity K, and cytoskeleton to membrane-coupling ρbk, whose values are consistent with previously reported values measured using invasive approaches. The value obtained for the membrane-coupling parameter was used to estimate the average number of coupling elements between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton that fell in the range of 30 elements per area of the laser spot used to record the fluctuations. Furthermore, to expand the TFS analysis, we investigate the correlation between F-actin linear density and the mechanical features of PC12 neurites. Using a hybrid instrument that combines TFS and a simple fluorescent technique, our results show that the fluctuations are related with the F-actin concentration. These measurements have an advantage of not requiring the application of an external force, allowing as to directly establish a correlation between changes in the mechanical parameters and cytoskeleton-protein concentrations. The sensibility of our method was also tested by the application of TFS technique to PC12 neurite under Paraformaldehyde and Latrunculin-A effect. These results show a dramatic modification in the fluctuations that are consistent with the reported effect of these drugs, confirming the high sensitivity of this technique. Finally, the thermal fluctuation approach was applied to DRG axons to show that its utility is not limited to studies of PC12 neurites, but it is suitable to measure the general characteristic of various neuron-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gárate
- Cellular Mechanics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile.,Biophysics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Pertusa
- Department of Biology, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yahaira Arana
- Cellular Mechanics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bernal
- Cellular Mechanics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Patel S, Schmidt K, Hesterman J, Hoppin J. Advancing Drug Discovery and Development Using Molecular Imaging (ADDMI): an Interest Group of the World Molecular Imaging Society and an Inaugural Session on Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:348-356. [PMID: 28417265 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multi-modality molecular imaging techniques have expanded the role of imaging biomarkers in the pharmaceutical industry and are beginning to streamline the drug discovery and development process. The World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) serves as a forum for discussing innovative and exploratory multi-modal, interdisciplinary molecular imaging research with a mission of bridging the gap between pathology and in vivo imaging. To formalize the role of the WMIS in pharmaceutical research efforts, members of the society have formed an interest group entitled Advancing Drug Discovery and Development using Molecular Imaging (ADDMI). The ADDMI interest group launched their efforts at the 2016 World Molecular Imaging Congress by hosting a session of invited lectures on translational positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the central nervous system. This article provides a synopsis of those lectures and frames the role of translational imaging biomarker strategies in the drug discovery and development process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shil Patel
- Eisai AiM Institute, 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bala M, Gupta V, Prasad J. A standardized Hippophae extract (SBL-1) counters neuronal tissue injuries and changes in neurotransmitters: implications in radiation protection. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1833-1842. [PMID: 28552029 PMCID: PMC6130468 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1331365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Effects of a radioprotective, standardized leaf extract (code SBL-1) from traditional medicinal plant, sea buckthorn [Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae)], on neurotransmitters and brain injuries in rats showing radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA), are not known. Understanding CTA in rats is important because its process is considered parallel to nausea and vomiting in humans. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the levels of neurotransmitters, antioxidant defences and histological changes in rats showing radiation CTA, and their modification by SBL-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats (age 65 days, weighing 190 ± 10 g) were used. Saccharin-preferring rats were selected using standard procedure and divided into groups. Group I (untreated control) was administered sterile water, group II was 60Co-γ-irradiated (2 Gy), and group III was administered SBL-1 before irradiation. Observations were recorded up to day 5. RESULTS Irradiation (2 Gy) caused (i) non-recoverable CTA (≥ 64.7 ± 5.0%); (ii) degenerative changes in cerebral cortex, amygdala and hippocampus; (iii) increases in brain dopamine (DA, 63.4%), norepinephrine (NE, 157%), epinephrine (E, 233%), plasma NE (103%) and E (160%); and (iv) decreases in brain superoxide dismutase (67%), catalase (60%) and glutathione (51%). SBL-1 treatment (12 mg/kg body weight) 30 min before irradiation (i) countered brain injuries, (ii) reduced CTA (38.7 ± 3.0%, day 1) and (iii) normalized brain DA, NE, E, superoxide dismutase, catalase and CTA from day 3 onwards. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Radiation CTA was coupled with brain injuries, disturbances in neurotransmitters and antioxidant defences. SBL-1 pretreatment countered these disturbances, indicating neuroprotective action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bala
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Vanita Gupta
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Jagdish Prasad
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ma F, Du H. Novel deoxyvasicinone derivatives as potent multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:118-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
26
|
Tong G, Izquierdo P, Raashid RA. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and the Modelling of Alzheimer's Disease: The Human Brain Outside the Dish. Open Neurol J 2017; 11:27-38. [PMID: 29151989 PMCID: PMC5678240 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01711010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are a global health issue primarily in the elderly. Although AD has been investigated using primary cultures, animal models and post-mortem human brain tissues, there are currently no effective treatments. SUMMARY With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from fully differentiated adult cells such as skin fibroblasts, newer opportunities have arisen to study the pathophysiology of many diseases in more depth. It is envisioned that iPSCs could be used as a powerful tool for neurodegenerative disease modelling and eventually be an unlimited source for cell replacement therapy. This paper provides an overview of; the contribution of iPSCs towards modeling and understanding AD pathogenesis, the novel human/mouse chimeric models in elucidating current AD pathogenesis hypotheses, the possible use of iPSCs in drug screening, and perspectives on possible future directions. KEY MESSAGES Human/mouse chimeric models using iPSCs to study AD offer much promise in better replicating AD pathology and can be further exploited to elucidate disease pathogenesis with regards to the neuroinflammation hypothesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Tong
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Izquierdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Arham Raashid
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dadhania VP, Trivedi PP, Vikram A, Tripathi DN. Nutraceuticals against Neurodegeneration: A Mechanistic Insight. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:627-40. [PMID: 26725888 PMCID: PMC4981739 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160104142223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders are complex and multifactorial; however, accumulating evidences suggest few common shared pathways. These common pathways include mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress and inflammation. Often multiple pathways co-exist, and therefore limit the benefits of therapeutic interventions. Nutraceuticals have recently gained importance owing to their multifaceted effects. These food-based approaches are believed to target multiple pathways in a slow but more physiological manner without causing severe adverse effects. Available information strongly supports the notion that apart from preventing the onset of neuronal damage, nutraceuticals can potentially attenuate the continued progression of neuronal destruction. In this article, we i) review the common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the toxicants-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders with special emphasis on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and ii) summarize current research advancements on the effects of nutraceuticals against these detrimental pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ajit Vikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA-52240, USA.
| | - Durga Nand Tripathi
- DNT at Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX-77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Generation of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Interneurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Relevant Tool for In Vitro Modeling of Neurological Disorders Pathology and Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5838934. [PMID: 28105055 PMCID: PMC5220531 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5838934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular bases of neurological diseases have been studied for decades; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Compared with other disorders, diseases of the nervous system have been very difficult to study mainly due to the inaccessibility of the human brain and live neurons in vivo or in vitro and difficulties in examination of human postmortem brain tissue. Despite the availability of various genetically engineered animal models, these systems are still not adequate enough due to species variation and differences in genetic background. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) reprogrammed from patient somatic cells possess the potential to differentiate into any cell type, including neural progenitor cells and postmitotic neurons; thus, they open a new area to in vitro modeling of neurological diseases and their potential treatment. Currently, many protocols for generation of various neuronal subtypes are being developed; however, most of them still require further optimization. Here, we highlight accomplishments made in the generation of dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons, the two subtypes most affected in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and indirectly affected in Huntington's disease. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of hiPSC-derived neurons in the modeling and treatment of neurological diseases related to dopaminergic and cholinergic system dysfunction.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shidore M, Machhi J, Shingala K, Murumkar P, Sharma MK, Agrawal N, Tripathi A, Parikh Z, Pillai P, Yadav MR. Benzylpiperidine-Linked Diarylthiazoles as Potential Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5823-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Shidore
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Kaushik Shingala
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Prashant Murumkar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Mayank Kumar Sharma
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Neetesh Agrawal
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Zoology
Department, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Zalak Parikh
- Zoology
Department, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Prakash Pillai
- Zoology
Department, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara, 390 001, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guo J, Ng W, Yuan J, Li S, Chan M. A 200-Channel Area-Power-Efficient Chemical and Electrical Dual-Mode Acquisition IC for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2016; 10:567-578. [PMID: 26529782 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2015.2468052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode array (MEA) can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases by monitoring the chemical neurotransmitter release and the electrical potential simultaneously at the cellular level. Currently, the MEA technology is migrating to more electrodes and higher electrode density, which raises power and area constraints on the design of acquisition IC. In this paper, we report the design of a 200-channel dual-mode acquisition IC with highly efficient usage of power and area. Under the constraints of target noise and fast settling, the current channel design saves power by including a novel current buffer biased in discrete time (DT) before the TIA (transimpedance amplifier). The 200 channels are sampled at 20 kS/s and quantized by column-wise SAR ADCs. The prototype IC was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. Silicon measurements show the current channel has 21.6 pArms noise with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and 0.48 pArms noise with constant amperometry (CA) while consuming 12.1 μW . The voltage channel has 4.07 μVrms noise in the bandwidth of 100 kHz and 0.2% nonlinearity while consuming 9.1 μW. Each channel occupies 0.03 mm(2) area, which is among the smallest.
Collapse
|
32
|
Potential Therapies by Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in CNS Diseases: Focusing on the Neurogenic Niche. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5736059. [PMID: 27195011 PMCID: PMC4853949 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5736059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the leading causes of death and disability and one of the biggest burdens on health care systems. Novel approaches using various types of stem cells have been proposed to treat common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, or stroke. Moreover, as the secretome of these cells appears to be of greater benefit compared to the cells themselves, the extracellular components responsible for its therapeutic benefit have been explored. Stem cells, as well as most cells, release extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, which are nanovesicles able to target specific cell types and thus to modify their function by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have recently been tested in vivo and in vitro as therapeutic conveyors for the treatment of diseases. As such, they could be engineered to target specific populations of cells within the CNS. Considering the fact that many degenerative brain diseases have an impact on adult neurogenesis, we discuss how the modulation of the adult neurogenic niches may be a therapeutic target of stem cell-derived exosomes. These novel approaches should be examined in cellular and animal models to provide better, more effective, and specific therapeutic tools in the future.
Collapse
|
33
|
Emamalizadeh B, Jamshidi J, Movafagh A, Ohadi M, khaniani MS, Kazeminasab S, Biglarian A, Taghavi S, Motallebi M, Fazeli A, Ahmadifard A, Shahidi GA, Petramfar P, Shahmohammadibeni N, Dadkhah T, Khademi E, Tafakhori A, Khaligh A, Safaralizadeh T, Kowsari A, Mirabzadeh A, Zarneh AES, Khorrami M, Shokraeian P, Banavandi MJS, Lima BS, Andarva M, Alehabib E, Atakhorrami M, Darvish H. RIT2 Polymorphisms: Is There a Differential Association? Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2234-2240. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Santulli G, Borras C, Bousquet J, Calzà L, Cano A, Illario M, Franceschi C, Liotta G, Maggio M, Molloy WD, Montuori N, O’Caoimh R, Orfila F, Rauter AP, Santoro A, Iaccarino G. Models for preclinical studies in aging-related disorders: One is not for all. Transl Med UniSa 2016; 13:4-12. [PMID: 27042427 PMCID: PMC4811343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies are essentially based on animal models of a particular disease. The primary purpose of preclinical efficacy studies is to support generalization of treatment-effect relationships to human subjects. Researchers aim to demonstrate a causal relationship between an investigational agent and a disease-related phenotype in such models. Numerous factors can muddle reliable inferences about such cause-effect relationships, including biased outcome assessment due to experimenter expectations. For instance, responses in a particular inbred mouse might be specific to the strain, limiting generalizability. Selecting well-justified and widely acknowledged model systems represents the best start in designing preclinical studies, especially to overcome any potential bias related to the model itself. This is particularly true in the research that focuses on aging, which carries unique challenges, mainly attributable to the fact that our already long lifespan makes designing experiments that use people as subjects extremely difficult and largely impractical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center; College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA;,Corresponding authors: Guido Iaccarino, MD, PhD; ; Gaetano Santulli, MD, PhD;
| | - Consuelo Borras
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia /INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jean Bousquet
- MACVIA-LR, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, University Hospital of Montpellier, France;,INSERM, VIMA : Ageing and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Paris, France,Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR) University of Bologna
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maddalena Illario
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, and R&D Unit, Federico II University Hospital
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna;,National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF) and Institute of Molecular Genetics, Bologna, Italy;,Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Liotta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma; University Hospital of Parma
| | - William D. Molloy
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, and R&D Unit, Federico II University Hospital
| | - Rónán O’Caoimh
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, Ireland;,Health Research Board, Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francesc Orfila
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia P. Rauter
- Departamento de Quimica e Bioquímica, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy.,Corresponding authors: Guido Iaccarino, MD, PhD; ; Gaetano Santulli, MD, PhD;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gárate F, Betz T, Pertusa M, Bernal R. Time-resolved neurite mechanics by thermal fluctuation assessments. Phys Biol 2015; 12:066020. [PMID: 26717293 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/12/6/066020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of simple noninvasive measurements, the knowledge of temporal and spatial variations of axons mechanics remains scarce. By extending thermal fluctuation spectroscopy (TFS) to long protrusions, we determine the transverse amplitude thermal fluctuation spectra that allow direct and simultaneous access to three key mechanics parameters: axial tension, bending flexural rigidity and plasma membrane tension. To test our model, we use PC12 cell protrusions-a well-know biophysical model of axons-in order to simplify the biological system under scope. For instance, axial and plasma membrane tension are found in the range of nano Newton and tens of pico Newtons per micron respectively. Furthermore, our results shows that the TFS technique is capable to distinguish quasi-identical protrusions. Another advantage of our approach is the time resolved nature of the measurements. Indeed, in the case of long term experiments on PC12 protrusions, TFS has revealed large temporal, correlated variations of the protrusion mechanics, displaying extraordinary feedback control over the axial tension in order to maintain a constant tension value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gárate
- Departamento de Física and SMAT-C, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Agrawal M, Biswas A. Molecular diagnostics of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:54. [PMID: 26442283 PMCID: PMC4585189 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics provide a powerful method to detect and diagnose various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The confirmation of such diagnosis allows early detection and subsequent medical counseling that help specific patients to undergo clinically important drug trials. This provides a medical pathway to have better insight of neurogenesis and eventual cure of the neurodegenerative diseases. In this short review, we present recent advances in molecular diagnostics especially biomarkers and imaging spectroscopy for neurological diseases. We describe advances made in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), and finally present a perspective on the future directions to provide a framework for further developments and refinements of molecular diagnostics to combat neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Agrawal
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Nano Science and Technology, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gizaw ST, Koda T, Amano M, Kamimura K, Ohashi T, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. A comprehensive glycome profiling of Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1704-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
38
|
Neuroprotective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Leaves of Malva parviflora against Amyloid-β- (Aβ-) Mediated Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:156976. [PMID: 27350976 PMCID: PMC4897551 DOI: 10.1155/2014/156976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Malva parviflora L. possesses significant antioxidant potential. This study was conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ethanol extract of the leaves of Malva parviflora against amyloid-β- (Aβ-) mediated Alzheimer's disease. In Morris water maze model, the extract significantly restored the defected memory of amyloid-β injected mice (P < 0.01). The reduced levels of brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were also restored significantly to similar levels as seen in normal control mice (P < 0.01). The levels of lipid peroxidase were decreased significantly in treatment group mice when compared to Alzheimer group mice (P < 0.01). So, this study showed that ethanol extract of the leaves of Malva parviflora possesses neuroprotective activity in mice.
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophic natural products: chemistry and biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:956-87. [PMID: 24353244 PMCID: PMC3945720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injury affect approximately 50 million people worldwide, bringing the total healthcare cost to over 600 billion dollars per year. Nervous system growth factors, that is, neurotrophins, are a potential solution to these disorders, since they could promote nerve regeneration. An average of 500 publications per year attests to the significance of neurotrophins in biomedical sciences and underlines their potential for therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of neurotrophins severely restricts their clinical use. On the other hand, small molecules that modulate neurotrophic activity offer a promising therapeutic approach against neurological disorders. Nature has provided an impressive array of natural products that have potent neurotrophic activities. This Review highlights the current synthetic strategies toward these compounds and summarizes their ability to induce neuronal growth and rehabilitation. It is anticipated that neurotrophic natural products could be used not only as starting points in drug design but also as tools to study the next frontier in biomedical sciences: the brain activity map project.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Michelle H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophe Naturstoffe - ihre Chemie und Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
41
|
Pifl C, Kish SJ, Hornykiewicz O. Thalamic noradrenaline in Parkinson's disease: deficits suggest role in motor and non-motor symptoms. Mov Disord 2012; 27:1618-24. [PMID: 23038412 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus occupies a pivotal position within the corticobasal ganglia-cortical circuits. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the thalamus exhibits pathological neuronal discharge patterns, foremost increased bursting and oscillatory activity, which are thought to perturb the faithful transfer of basal ganglia impulse flow to the cortex. Analogous abnormal thalamic discharge patterns develop in animals with experimentally reduced thalamic noradrenaline; conversely, added to thalamic neuronal preparations, noradrenaline exhibits marked antioscillatory and antibursting activity. Our study is based on this experimentally established link between noradrenaline and the quality of thalamic neuronal discharges. We analyzed 14 thalamic nuclei from all functionally relevant territories of 9 patients with PD and 8 controls, and measured noradrenaline with high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In PD, noradrenaline was profoundly reduced in all nuclei of the motor (pallidonigral and cerebellar) thalamus (ventroanterior: -86%, P = .0011; ventrolateral oral: -87%, P = .0010; ventrolateral caudal: -89%, P = .0014): Also, marked noradrenaline losses, ranging from 68% to 91% of controls, were found in other thalamic territories, including associative, limbic and intralaminar regions; the primary sensory regions were only mildly affected. The marked noradrenergic deafferentiation of the thalamus discloses a strategically located noradrenergic component in the overall pathophysiology of PD, suggesting a role in the complex mechanisms involved with the genesis of the motor and non-motor symptoms. Our study thus significantly contributes to the knowledge of the extrastriatal nondopaminergic mechanisms of PD with direct relevance to treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pifl
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Human induced pluripotent stem cells and neurodegenerative disease: prospects for novel therapies. Curr Opin Neurol 2012; 25:125-30. [PMID: 22357218 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e3283518226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The lack of effective treatments for various neurodegenerative disorders has placed huge burdens on society. We review the current status in applying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology for the cellular therapy, drug screening, and in-vitro modeling of neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT FINDINGS iPSCs are generated from somatic cells by overexpressing four reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc). Like human embryonic stem cells, iPSCs have features of self-renewal and pluripotency, and allow in-vitro disease modeling, drug screening, and cell replacement therapy. Disease-specific iPSCs were derived from patients of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. Neurons differentiated from these iPSCs recapitulated the in-vivo phenotypes, providing platforms for drug screening. In the case of Parkinson's disease, iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons gave positive therapeutic effect on a rodent Parkinson's disease model as a proof of principle in using iPSCs as sources of cell replacement therapy. Beyond iPSC technology, much effort is being made to generate neurons directly from dermal fibroblasts with neuron-specific transcription factors, which does not require making iPSCs as an intermediate cell type. SUMMARY We summarize recent progress in using iPSCs for modeling the progress and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and provide evidence for future perspectives in this field.
Collapse
|
43
|
Novel Soft Alginate Hydrogel Strongly Supports Neurite Growth and Protects Neurons Against Oxidative Stress. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:55-66. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|