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Nunes ACL, Carmo M, Behrenswerth A, Canas PM, Agostinho P, Cunha RA. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Blockade Provides More Effective Benefits at the Onset Rather than after Overt Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4903. [PMID: 38732120 PMCID: PMC11084368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists are the leading nondopaminergic therapy to manage Parkinson's disease (PD) since they afford both motor benefits and neuroprotection. PD begins with a synaptic dysfunction and damage in the striatum evolving to an overt neuronal damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We tested if A2AR antagonists are equally effective in controlling these two degenerative processes. We used a slow intracerebroventricular infusion of the toxin MPP+ in male rats for 15 days, which caused an initial loss of synaptic markers in the striatum within 10 days, followed by a neuronal loss in the substantia nigra within 30 days. Interestingly, the initial loss of striatal nerve terminals involved a loss of both dopaminergic and glutamatergic synaptic markers, while GABAergic markers were preserved. The daily administration of the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) in the first 10 days after MPP+ infusion markedly attenuated both the initial loss of striatal synaptic markers and the subsequent loss of nigra dopaminergic neurons. Strikingly, the administration of SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p. for 10 days) starting 20 days after MPP+ infusion was less efficacious to attenuate the loss of nigra dopaminergic neurons. This prominent A2AR-mediated control of synaptotoxicity was directly confirmed by showing that the MPTP-induced dysfunction (MTT assay) and damage (lactate dehydrogenase release assay) of striatal synaptosomes were prevented by 50 nM SCH58261. This suggests that A2AR antagonists may be more effective to counteract the onset rather than the evolution of PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla L. Nunes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Marta Carmo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Andrea Behrenswerth
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Arai M, Suzuki E, Kitamura S, Otaki M, Kanai K, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Kambe Y, Murata K, Takada Y, Arisawa T, Kobayashi K, Tajika R, Miyazaki T, Yamaguchi M, Lazarus M, Hayashi Y, Itohara S, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Nawa H, Kim R, Bito H, Momiyama T, Masukawa D, Goshima Y. Enhancement of Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy by GPR143, an L-Dopa Receptor, in Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1504232024. [PMID: 38286627 PMCID: PMC10941237 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1504-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons play crucial roles in pleasure, reward, memory, learning, and fine motor skills and their dysfunction is associated with various neuropsychiatric diseases. Dopamine receptors are the main target of treatment for neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Antipsychotics that antagonize the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) are used to alleviate the symptoms of these disorders but may also sometimes cause disabling side effects such as parkinsonism (catalepsy in rodents). Here we show that GPR143, a G-protein-coupled receptor for L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), expressed in striatal cholinergic interneurons enhances the DRD2-mediated side effects of haloperidol, an antipsychotic agent. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy was attenuated in male Gpr143 gene-deficient (Gpr143-/y ) mice compared with wild-type (Wt) mice. Reducing the endogenous release of L-DOPA and preventing interactions between GPR143 and DRD2 suppressed the haloperidol-induced catalepsy in Wt mice but not Gpr143-/y mice. The phenotypic defect in Gpr143-/y mice was mimicked in cholinergic interneuron-specific Gpr143-/y (Chat-cre;Gpr143flox/y ) mice. Administration of haloperidol increased the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 at Ser240/244 in the dorsolateral striatum of Wt mice but not Chat-cre;Gpr143flox/y mice. In Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing DRD2, co-expression of GPR143 increased cell surface expression level of DRD2, and L-DOPA application further enhanced the DRD2 surface expression. Shorter pauses in cholinergic interneuron firing activity were observed after intrastriatal stimulation in striatal slice preparations from Chat-cre;Gpr143flox/y mice compared with those from Wt mice. Together, these findings provide evidence that GPR143 regulates DRD2 function in cholinergic interneurons and may be involved in parkinsonism induced by antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Arai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Momoyo Otaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuki Kambe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0075, Japan
| | - Koshi Murata
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-0017, Japan
| | - Yuuki Takada
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tetsu Arisawa
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Radioisotope Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Rei Tajika
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Michael Lazarus
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University. Wakayama-city, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Ryang Kim
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Momiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daiki Masukawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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de Bem Alves AC, Aguiar AS. Caffeine plus haloperidol reduces fatigue in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease - a prospective to A 2AR-D 2R heterodimer antagonism. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:29-34. [PMID: 36918462 PMCID: PMC10828253 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) and compromised dopamine neurotransmission are linked to fatigue. Studies demonstrate that A2AR antagonism potentiates dopamine transmission via dopamine receptor D2 (D2R). However, the heterodimer form of A2AR-D2R in the striatum prompted questions about the therapeutic targets for PD patients. This study investigates the effects of caffeine (A2AR non-selective antagonist) plus haloperidol (D2R selective antagonist) treatment in the fatigue induced by the reserpine model of PD. Reserpinized mice showed impaired motor control in the open field test (p < 0.05) and fatigue in the grip strength meter test (p < 0.05). L-DOPA and caffeine plus haloperidol similarly increased motor control (p < 0.05) and mitigated fatigue (p < 0.05). Our results support the A2AR-D2R heterodimer participation in the central fatigue of PD, and highlight the potential of A2AR-D2R antagonism in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina de Bem Alves
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LaBioEx), Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Ararangua, SC, 88905-120, Brazil.
| | - Aderbal Silva Aguiar
- Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LaBioEx), Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Ararangua, SC, 88905-120, Brazil
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Le Merrer J, Detraux B, Gandía J, De Groote A, Fonteneau M, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Becker JAJ. Balance Between Projecting Neuronal Populations of the Nucleus Accumbens Controls Social Behavior in Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:123-135. [PMID: 37207936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient social interactions are a hallmark of major neuropsychiatric disorders, and accumulating evidence points to altered social reward and motivation as key underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. In the present study, we further explored the role of the balance of activity between D1 and D2 receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons (D1R- and D2R-SPNs) in the control of social behavior, challenging the hypothesis that excessive D2R-SPN activity, rather than deficient D1R-SPN activity, compromises social behavior. METHODS We selectively ablated D1R- and D2R-SPNs using an inducible diphtheria toxin receptor-mediated cell targeting strategy and assessed social behavior as well as repetitive/perseverative behavior, motor function, and anxiety levels. We tested the effects of optogenetic stimulation of D2R-SPNs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and pharmacological compounds repressing D2R-SPN. RESULTS Targeted deletion of D1R-SPNs in the NAc blunted social behavior in mice, facilitated motor skill learning, and increased anxiety levels. These behaviors were normalized by pharmacological inhibition of D2R-SPN, which also repressed transcription in the efferent nucleus, the ventral pallidum. Ablation of D1R-SPNs in the dorsal striatum had no impact on social behavior but impaired motor skill learning and decreased anxiety levels. Deletion of D2R-SPNs in the NAc produced motor stereotypies but facilitated social behavior and impaired motor skill learning. We mimicked excessive D2R-SPN activity by optically stimulating D2R-SPNs in the NAc and observed a severe deficit in social interaction that was prevented by D2R-SPN pharmacological inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Repressing D2R-SPN activity may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to relieve social deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Merrer
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7247, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement 0085, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France; iBrain, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Bérangère Detraux
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorge Gandía
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7247, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement 0085, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Aurélie De Groote
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fonteneau
- iBrain, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Wavre, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme A J Becker
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7247, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement 0085, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France; iBrain, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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5
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Rivas-Santisteban R, Rico AJ, Muñoz A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Labandeira-García JL, Lanciego JL, Franco R. Boolean analysis shows a high proportion of dopamine D 2 receptors interacting with adenosine A 2A receptors in striatal medium spiny neurons of mouse and non-human primate models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106341. [PMID: 37918757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antagonistic effect of adenosine on dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia indirect motor control pathway is mediated by dopamine D2 (D2R) and adenosine A2A (A2AR) receptors co-expressed on medium spiny striatal neurons. The pathway is unbalanced in Parkinson's disease (PD) and an A2AR blocker has been approved for use with levodopa in the therapy of the disease. However, it is not known whether the therapy is acting on individually expressed receptors or in receptors forming A2A-D2 receptor heteromers, whose functionality is unique. For two proteins prone to interact, a very recently developed technique, MolBoolean, allows to determine the number of proteins that are either non-interacting or interacting. After checking the feasibility of the technique and reliability of data in transfected cells and in striatal primary neurons, the Boolean analysis of receptors in the striatum of rats and monkeys showed a high percentage of D2 receptors interacting with the adenosine receptor, while, on the contrary, a significant proportion of A2A receptors do not interact with dopamine receptors. The number of interacting receptors increased when rats and monkeys were lesioned to become a PD model. The use of a tracer of the indirect pathway in monkeys confirmed that the data was restricted to the population of striatal neurons projecting to the GPe. The results are not only relevant for being the first study quantifying individual versus interacting G protein-coupled receptors, but also for showing that the D2R in these specific neurons, in both control and PD animals, is under the control of the A2AR. The tight adenosine/dopamine receptor coupling suggest benefits of early antiparkinsonian treatment with adenosine receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona. Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto José Rico
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA, IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience of the University of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Labandeira-García
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis Lanciego
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA, IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain.
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Franz D, Richter A, Köhling R. Electrophysiological insights into deep brain stimulation of the network disorder dystonia. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1133-1147. [PMID: 37530804 PMCID: PMC10499667 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a treatment for modulating the abnormal central neuronal circuitry, has become the standard of care nowadays and is sometimes the only option to reduce symptoms of movement disorders such as dystonia. However, on the one hand, there are still open questions regarding the pathomechanisms of dystonia and, on the other hand, the mechanisms of DBS on neuronal circuitry. That lack of knowledge limits the therapeutic effect and makes it hard to predict the outcome of DBS for individual dystonia patients. Finding electrophysiological biomarkers seems to be a promising option to enable adapted individualised DBS treatment. However, biomarker search studies cannot be conducted on patients on a large scale and experimental approaches with animal models of dystonia are needed. In this review, physiological findings of deep brain stimulation studies in humans and animal models of dystonia are summarised and the current pathophysiological concepts of dystonia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Franz
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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7
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Takahashi M. Adenosine A 2A signals and dystonia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:179-184. [PMID: 37741691 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions, which is also seen in an advanced stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) as camptocormia, torticollis, and Pisa syndrome. Istradefylline, an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, can be used for the treatment of PD to reduce 'off'-time period, and several clinical studies demonstrated the improvement of camptocormia, which have many similar features to dopa-responsive/non-responsive dystonia. Many animal models of dystonia showed that adenosine A2A receptor colocalized with dopamine D2 positive spiny projection neurons in indirect pathway of basal ganglia circuit, and also in the cholinergic interneurons that affects the balance of indirect and direct pathway of basal ganglia. In this chapter, the potential effect of adenosine A2A antagonism on dystonia was discussed in view of clinical studies of PD with postural abnormalities and the findings of dystonia mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Takahashi
- Department of Neurodegenerative disorders, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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8
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Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Cervetto C, Maura G, Agnati LF. Receptor-receptor interactions and microvesicle exchange as mechanisms modulating signaling between neurons and astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109509. [PMID: 36935005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that astrocytes play a significant metabolic role in the nervous tissue, maintaining the homeostasis of the extracellular space and of the blood-brain barrier, and providing trophic support to neurons. In addition, however, evidence exists indicating astrocytes as important elements for brain activity through signaling exchange with neurons. Astrocytes, indeed, can sense synaptic activity and their molecular machinery responds to neurotransmitters released by neurons with cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations that, in turn, stimulate the release of neuroactive substances (gliotransmitters) influencing nearby neurons. In both cell types the recognition and transduction of this complex pattern of signals is mediated by specific receptors that are also involved in mechanisms tuning the intercellular cross-talk between astrocytes and neurons. Two of these mechanisms are the focus of the present discussion. The first concerns direct receptor-receptor interactions leading to the formation at the cell membrane of multimeric receptor complexes. The cooperativity that emerges in the actions of orthosteric and allosteric ligands of the monomers forming the assembly provides the cell decoding apparatus with sophisticated and flexible dynamics in terms of recognition and signal transduction pathways. A further mechanism of plasticity involving receptors is based on the transfer of elements of the cellular signaling apparatus via extracellular microvesicles acting as protective containers, which can lead to transient changes in the transmitting/decoding capabilities of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
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9
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Marques TR, Natesan S, Rabiner EA, Searle GE, Gunn R, Howes OD, Kapur S. Adenosine A 2A receptor in schizophrenia: an in vivo brain PET imaging study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3439-3445. [PMID: 34175983 PMCID: PMC9584985 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors are highly enriched in the basal ganglia system, a region that is functionally implicated in schizophrenia. Preclinical evidence suggests a cross-regulation between adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in this region and that it is linked to the sensitization of the dopamine system. However, the relationship between A2A receptor availability and schizophrenia has not been directly examined in vivo in patients with this disorder. To investigate, using positron emission tomography (PET), the availability of A2A receptors in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in comparison to matched healthy controls. A2A receptor availability was measured using the PET tracer [11C]SCH442416. Twelve male patients with chronic schizophrenia were compared to 13 matched healthy subjects. All patients were medicated with antipsychotics and none presented with any motor or extrapyramidal symptoms. Binding potential (BPND), a ratio measure between specific and non-specific tracer uptake, were compared between the groups for the caudate, putamen, accumbens and globus pallidum. There was no differences between A2A receptor binding potential (BPND) of schizophrenia patients in the caudate (p = 0.16), putamen (p = 0.86), accumbens (p = 0.44) and globus pallidum (p = 0.09) to that of matched healthy subjects. There was also no significant correlation between [11C]SCH442416 binding and severity of psychotic symptoms (p = 0.2 to 0.82) or antipsychotic dosage (p = 0.13 to 0.34). By showing that A2A receptor availability in medicated patients with chronic male schizophrenia is not different than in healthy controls, this study does not support the primary role of this receptor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Sridhar Natesan
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, UK
| | | | | | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Shitij Kapur
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
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10
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Striatal glutamatergic hyperactivity in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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11
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Rendón-Ochoa EA, Padilla-Orozco M, Calderon VM, Avilés-Rosas VH, Hernández-González O, Hernández-Flores T, Perez-Ramirez MB, Palomero-Rivero M, Galarraga E, Bargas J. Dopamine D 2 and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Interaction on Ca 2+ Current Modulation in a Rodent Model of Parkinsonism. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221102075. [PMID: 36050845 PMCID: PMC9178983 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are expressed in striatal projection neurons (SPNs). A1 receptors are located in direct (dSPN) and indirect SPNs (iSNP). A2A receptors are only present in iSPNs. Dopamine D2 receptors are also expressed in iSPNs and interactions between D2 and A2A receptors have received attention. iSPNs activity increases during parkinsonism (PD) and A2A receptors may be responsible by enhancing Ca2+ currents (iCa2+). Therefore, A2A receptors blockade is a therapeutic approach. We asked whether A2A receptors need the interaction with D2 receptors (D2R) to exert their actions. By using isolated and identified iSPNs to avoid indirect influences, we show that D2R action habilitates A2A receptors (A2AR) modulation. iCa2+ through voltage gated Ca2+ channels (CaV) was used as a signal to observe this interaction. Voltage-clamp recordings in acutely dissociated iSPNs, current-clamp recordings in slices and calcium imaging in transgenic A2A-Cre mice, showed that D2R reduction in iCa2+ endows A2AR to restore iCa2+ on iSPNs showing an antagonistic interaction between D2 and A2A receptors. A2A receptors were blocked by the antagonist istradefylline, however, this blockade differed in control and dopamine-depleted iSPNs: istradefylline reduced D2R modulation in parkinsonian animals as compared to controls. Calcium imaging recordings show that istradefylline occludes D2R actions in the parkinsonian circuitry and this effect depends on the order of drugs application. Thus, while D2 activation enables A2A receptors action, blockade of A2AR induces a reduction in the action of D2 agonists, confirming a complex interaction. Summary Statement A2A receptor required previous D2 receptor activation to modulate Ca2+ currents. Istradefylline decreases pramipexole modulation on Ca2+ currents. Istradefylline reduces A2A + neurons activity in striatial microcircuit, but pramipexole failed to further reduce neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Alberto Rendón-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología, Unidad de Investigación Interdisciplinaria y de Ciencias de la Salud y Educación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Padilla-Orozco
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vladimir Melesio Calderon
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Victor Hugo Avilés-Rosas
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Omar Hernández-González
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento dé Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Teresa Hernández-Flores
- Brain Mechanism for behavior Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - María Belén Perez-Ramirez
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcela Palomero-Rivero
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Elvira Galarraga
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Bargas
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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12
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Iarkov A, Mendoza C, Echeverria V. Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665820. [PMID: 34616271 PMCID: PMC8488354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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13
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Winters BL, Vaughan CW. Mechanisms of endocannabinoid control of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108736. [PMID: 34343612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid transmitter system regulates synaptic transmission throughout the nervous system. Unlike conventional transmitters, specific stimuli induce synthesis of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the postsynaptic neuron, and these travel backwards to modulate presynaptic inputs. In doing so, eCBs can induce short-term changes in synaptic strength and longer-term plasticity. While this eCB regulation is near ubiquitous, it displays major regional and synapse specific variations with different synapse specific forms of short-versus long-term plasticity throughout the brain. These differences are due to the plethora of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms which have been implicated in eCB signalling, the intricacies of which are only just being realised. In this review, we shall describe the current understanding and highlight new advances in this area, with a focus on the retrograde action of eCBs at CB1 receptors (CB1Rs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Laura Winters
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher Walter Vaughan
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia
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14
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Ferrini A, Steel D, Barwick K, Kurian MA. An Update on the Phenotype, Genotype and Neurobiology of ADCY5-Related Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1104-1114. [PMID: 33934385 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase 5 (ADCY5)-related phenotypes comprise an expanding disease continuum, but much remains to be understood about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. ADCY5-related disease comprises a spectrum of hyperkinetic disorders involving chorea, myoclonus, and/or dystonia, often with paroxysmal exacerbations. Hypotonia, developmental delay, and intellectual disability may be present. The causative gene encodes adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP is a second messenger that exerts a wide variety of effects via several intracellular signaling pathways. ADCY5 is the most commonly expressed isoform of adenylyl cyclase in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum, and it integrates and controls dopaminergic signaling. Through cAMP pathway, ADCY5 is a key regulator of the cortical and thalamic signaling that control initiation of voluntary movements and prevention of involuntary movements. Gain-of-function mutations in ADCY5 have been recently linked to a rare genetic disorder called ADCY5-related dyskinesia, where dysregulation of the cAMP pathway leads to reduced inhibitory activity and involuntary hyperkinetic movements. Here, we present an update on the neurobiology of ADCY5, together with a detailed overview of the reported clinical phenotypes and genotypes. Although a range of therapeutic approaches has been trialed, there are currently no disease-modifying treatments. Improved in vitro and in vivo laboratory models will no doubt increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this rare genetic movement disorder, which will improve diagnosis, and also facilitate the development of precision medicine approaches for this, and other forms of hyperkinesia. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ferrini
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dora Steel
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Barwick
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Mancini A, Ghiglieri V, Parnetti L, Calabresi P, Di Filippo M. Neuro-Immune Cross-Talk in the Striatum: From Basal Ganglia Physiology to Circuit Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644294. [PMID: 33953715 PMCID: PMC8091963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia network is represented by an interconnected group of subcortical nuclei traditionally thought to play a crucial role in motor learning and movement execution. During the last decades, knowledge about basal ganglia physiology significantly evolved and this network is now considered as a key regulator of important cognitive and emotional processes. Accordingly, the disruption of basal ganglia network dynamics represents a crucial pathogenic factor in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. The striatum is the input station of the circuit. Thanks to the synaptic properties of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and their ability to express synaptic plasticity, the striatum exerts a fundamental integrative and filtering role in the basal ganglia network, influencing the functional output of the whole circuit. Although it is currently established that the immune system is able to regulate neuronal transmission and plasticity in specific cortical areas, the role played by immune molecules and immune/glial cells in the modulation of intra-striatal connections and basal ganglia activity still needs to be clarified. In this manuscript, we review the available evidence of immune-based regulation of synaptic activity in the striatum, also discussing how an abnormal immune activation in this region could be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancini
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Section of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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16
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Poppi LA, Ho-Nguyen KT, Shi A, Daut CT, Tischfield MA. Recurrent Implication of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in a Range of Neurodevelopmental, Neurodegenerative, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:907. [PMID: 33920757 PMCID: PMC8071147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons are "gatekeepers" for striatal circuitry and play pivotal roles in attention, goal-directed actions, habit formation, and behavioral flexibility. Accordingly, perturbations to striatal cholinergic interneurons have been associated with many neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The role of acetylcholine in many of these disorders is well known, but the use of drugs targeting cholinergic systems fell out of favor due to adverse side effects and the introduction of other broadly acting compounds. However, in response to recent findings, re-examining the mechanisms of cholinergic interneuron dysfunction may reveal key insights into underlying pathogeneses. Here, we provide an update on striatal cholinergic interneuron function, connectivity, and their putative involvement in several disorders. In doing so, we aim to spotlight recurring physiological themes, circuits, and mechanisms that can be investigated in future studies using new tools and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Poppi
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Tourette International Collaborative (TIC) Genetics Study, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Khue Tu Ho-Nguyen
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anna Shi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cynthia T. Daut
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Max A. Tischfield
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Tourette International Collaborative (TIC) Genetics Study, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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17
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D’Angelo V, Giorgi M, Paldino E, Cardarelli S, Fusco FR, Saverioni I, Sorge R, Martella G, Biagioni S, Mercuri NB, Pisani A, Sancesario G. A2A Receptor Dysregulation in Dystonia DYT1 Knock-Out Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2691. [PMID: 33799994 PMCID: PMC7962104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate A2A receptors in the basal ganglia of a DYT1 mouse model of dystonia. A2A was studied in control Tor1a+/+ and Tor1a+/- knock-out mice. A2A expression was assessed by anti-A2A antibody immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The co-localization of A2A was studied in striatal cholinergic interneurons identified by anti-choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody. A2A mRNA and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contents were also assessed. In Tor1a+/+, Western blotting detected an A2A 45 kDa band, which was stronger in the striatum and the globus pallidus than in the entopeduncular nucleus. Moreover, in Tor1a+/+, immunofluorescence showed A2A roundish aggregates, 0.3-0.4 μm in diameter, denser in the neuropil of the striatum and the globus pallidus than in the entopeduncular nucleus. In Tor1a+/-, A2A Western blotting expression and immunofluorescence aggregates appeared either increased in the striatum and the globus pallidus, or reduced in the entopeduncular nucleus. Moreover, in Tor1a+/-, A2A aggregates appeared increased in number on ChAT positive interneurons compared to Tor1a+/+. Finally, in Tor1a+/-, an increased content of cAMP signal was detected in the striatum, while significant levels of A2A mRNA were neo-expressed in the globus pallidus. In Tor1a+/-, opposite changes of A2A receptors' expression in the striatal-pallidal complex and the entopeduncular nucleus suggest that the pathophysiology of dystonia is critically dependent on a composite functional imbalance of the indirect over the direct pathway in basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza D’Angelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Emanuela Paldino
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.F.)
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Ilaria Saverioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Roberto Sorge
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.F.)
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Antonio Pisani
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancesario
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
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18
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Jenner P, Mori A, Aradi SD, Hauser RA. Istradefylline - a first generation adenosine A 2A antagonist for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:317-333. [PMID: 33507105 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1880896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is now accepted that Parkinson's disease (PD) is not simply due to dopaminergic dysfunction, and there is interest in developing non-dopaminergic approaches to disease management. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists represent a new way forward in the symptomatic treatment of PD.Areas covered In this narrative review, we summarize the literature supporting the utility of adenosine A2A antagonists in PD with a specific focus on istradefylline, the most studied and only adenosine A2A antagonist currently in clinical use.Expert opinion: At this time, the use of istradefylline in the treatment of PD is limited to the management of motor fluctuations as supported by the results of randomized clinical trials and evaluation by Japanese and USA regulatory authorities. The relatively complicated clinical development of istradefylline was based on classically designed studies conducted in PD patients with motor fluctuations on an optimized regimen of levodopa plus adjunctive dopaminergic medications. In animal models, there is consensus that a more robust effect of istradefylline in improving motor function is produced when combined with low or threshold doses of levodopa rather than with high doses that produce maximal dopaminergic improvement. Exploration of istradefylline as a 'levodopa sparing' strategy in earlier PD would seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Akihisa Mori
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co Ltd, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen D Aradi
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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19
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Prasad K, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Allosteric Interactions between Adenosine A 2A and Dopamine D 2 Receptors in Heteromeric Complexes: Biochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics, and Opportunities for PET Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041719. [PMID: 33572077 PMCID: PMC7915359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and dopamine interact antagonistically in living mammals. These interactions are mediated via adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (R). Stimulation of A2AR inhibits and blockade of A2AR enhances D2R-mediated locomotor activation and goal-directed behavior in rodents. In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR. Reciprocal A2AR/D2R interactions occur mainly in striatopallidal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway that are involved in motor control, and in striatal astrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens, they also take place in MSNs involved in reward-related behavior. A2AR and D2R co-aggregate, co-internalize, and co-desensitize. They are at very close distance in biomembranes and form heteromers. Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor–receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes. Such interactions may be exploited in novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and perhaps also attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Little is known about shifting A2AR/D2R heteromer/homodimer equilibria in the brain. Positron emission tomography with suitable ligands may provide in vivo information about receptor crosstalk in the living organism. Some experimental approaches, and strategies for the design of novel imaging agents (e.g., heterobivalent ligands) are proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C.Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
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Mori A. How do adenosine A 2A receptors regulate motor function? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 80 Suppl 1:S13-S20. [PMID: 33349575 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor antagonism is a new therapeutic strategy in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review addresses how adenosine A2A receptors are involved with the control of motor function via the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, and considers the anatomical localization and physiological function of the receptor, along with its ultrastructural localization in critical areas/neurons of the circuit. Based on this understanding of the functional significance of the adenosine A2A receptor in the basal ganglia, the mode of action of A2A receptor antagonists is explored in terms of the dynamic functioning of the basal ganglia and the activity of the internal circuits of the striatum in PD. Finally, the pathophysiological differences between the normal and PD states are examined to emphasize the importance of the adenosine A2A receptor.
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21
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Tang Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Yang L, Han B, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Shen L, Li M, Jiang T, Ye Q, Yu X, Huang R, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Yao H. PARP14 inhibits microglial activation via LPAR5 to promote post-stroke functional recovery. Autophagy 2020; 17:2905-2922. [PMID: 33317392 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health problem leading to high rates of death and disability worldwide, but no effective pharmacological therapy is currently available except for the use of PLAT (plasminogen activator, tissue). Here we show that PARP14 (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 14) level was significantly increased in the peri-infarct zone of photothrombotic stroke (PT) mice. Genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of PARP14 aggravated functional impairment and increased infarct volume in PT mice, while overexpression of PARP14 displayed the opposite effects. Furthermore, PARP14 was abundant in microglia, and downregulation of PARP14 increased post-stroke microglial activation, whereas overexpression of PARP14 alleviated microglial activation, possibly through microglial macroautophagy/autophagy modulation. Mechanistically, overexpression of PARP14 suppressed Lpar5 (lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5) gene transcription to inhibit microglial activation post stroke. Taken together, PARP14 is a stroke-induced signal that restricts microglial activation and promotes functional recovery, and can serve as a novel target to develop new therapeutic agents for stroke. Moreover, these findings may be conducive to proper use of various PARP inhibitors.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AIF1/Iba-1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; CNS: central nervous system; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL6/IL-6: interleukin 6; LPAR5: lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NOS2/iNOS: nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible; OGD: oxygen glucose deprivation; PAR: polymer of poly (ADP ribose); PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PLAT/tPA: plasminogen activator, tissue; PT: photothrombotic stroke; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Rap: rapamycin; RBFOX3/NeuN: RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinchang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Yang F, Li Y, Pan H, Wu K, Lu Y, Shi F. A novel LC-MS/MS method for quantification of unstable endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde in rat brain after chemical derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113822. [PMID: 33358301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), a toxic intermediary metabolite of dopamine (DA), causes catecholaminergic neurodegeneration via covalent binding with functional proteins or other biomolecules. Accurate quantification of DOPAL is essential to investigate the etiological factors associated with DOPAL and the pathogenetic role of DOPAL in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no validated quantitative methods are available. Quantification of DOPAL in biosample is challenging since it is a reactive endogenous aldehyde with poor ionization efficiency and chromatographic behavior in the LC-MS system. Here, a sensitive, simple, and robust UPLC-MS/MS method has been established and validated for the determination of DOPAL in rat brain tissue specimens. DOPAL was found to be unstable in biosample due to reactive aldehyde whereas it was stable in acidic condition. The analyte was stabilized by pH and temperature control during the sample preparation and derivatization. Then, a chemical derivatization method that can be readily performed in acidic conditions and at low temperature was employed using 2-hydrazino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (HTP) to block the reactive aldehyde and improve the detection sensitivity (about 100-fold increase) and chromatographic retention. Bovine serum albumin was used as a surrogate matrix, which was validated by the parallelism assay and post-column infusion experiment. This method was fully validated and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL. With the method, a significant increase of DOPAL level was found in striatum region of rats received 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection for 12 h, indicating DOPAL may play a pathogenic role in 6-OHDA-induced PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Activation of Astrocytes in the Dorsomedial Striatum Facilitates Transition From Habitual to Goal-Directed Reward-Seeking Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:797-808. [PMID: 32564901 PMCID: PMC7584758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual reward-seeking behavior is a hallmark of addictive behavior. The role of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in regulating goal-directed reward-seeking behavior has been long appreciated. However, it remains unclear how the astrocytic activities in the DMS differentially affect the behavioral shift. METHODS To investigate the astrocytic activity-driven neuronal synaptic events and behavioral consequences, we chemogenetically activated astrocytes in the DMS using GFAP promoter-driven expression of hM3Dq, the excitatory DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs). First, we confirmed the chemogenetically induced cellular activity in the DMS astrocytes using calcium imaging. Then, we recorded electrophysiological changes in the synaptic activity of the two types of medium spiny neurons (MSNs): direct and indirect pathway MSNs. To evaluate the behavioral consequences, we trained mice in nose-poking operant chambers that developed either habitual or goal-directed reward-seeking behaviors. RESULTS The activation of DMS astrocytes reduced the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the direct pathway MSNs, whereas it increased the amplitude of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and decreased the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the indirect pathway MSNs. Interestingly, astrocyte-induced DMS neuronal activities are regulated by adenosine metabolism, receptor signaling, and transport. Importantly, mice lacking an astrocytic adenosine transporter, ENT1 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1; Slc29a1), show no transition from habitual to goal-directed reward-seeking behaviors upon astrocyte activation, while restoring ENT1 expression in the DMS facilitated this transition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that DMS astrocyte activation differentially regulates MSNs' activity and facilitates shifting from habitual to goal-directed reward-seeking behavior.
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Ursino M, Véronneau-Veilleux F, Nekka F. A non-linear deterministic model of action selection in the basal ganglia to simulate motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:083139. [PMID: 32872807 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias are severe complications of Parkinson's disease (PD), especially evident at its advanced stage, under long-term levodopa therapy. Despite their strong clinical prevalence, the neural origin of these motor symptoms is still a subject of intense debate. In this work, a non-linear deterministic neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia (BG), inspired by biology, is used to provide more insights into possible neural mechanisms at the basis of motor complications in PD. In particular, the model is used to simulate the finger tapping task. The model describes the main neural pathways involved in the BG to select actions [the direct or Go, the indirect or NoGo, and the hyperdirect pathways via the action of the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN)]. A sensitivity analysis is performed on some crucial model parameters (the dopamine level, the strength of the STN mechanism, and the strength of competition among different actions in the motor cortex) at different levels of synapses, reflecting major or minor motor training. Depending on model parameters, results show that the model can reproduce a variety of clinically relevant motor patterns, including normokinesia, bradykinesia, several attempts before movement, freezing, repetition, and also irregular fluctuations. Motor symptoms are, especially, evident at low or high dopamine levels, with excessive strength of the STN and with weak competition among alternative actions. Moreover, these symptoms worsen if the synapses are subject to insufficient learning. The model may help improve the comprehension of motor complications in PD and, ultimately, may contribute to the treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ursino
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering Guglielmo Marconi, University of Bologna, I 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Fahima Nekka
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Adenosine A 2AReceptors in Substance Use Disorders: A Focus on Cocaine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061372. [PMID: 32492952 PMCID: PMC7348840 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several psychoactive drugs can evoke substance use disorders (SUD) in humans and animals, and these include psychostimulants, opioids, cannabinoids (CB), nicotine, and alcohol. The etiology, mechanistic processes, and the therapeutic options to deal with SUD are not well understood. The common feature of all abused drugs is that they increase dopamine (DA) neurotransmission within the mesocorticolimbic circuitry of the brain followed by the activation of DA receptors. D2 receptors were proposed as important molecular targets for SUD. The findings showed that D2 receptors formed heteromeric complexes with other GPCRs, which forced the addiction research area in new directions. In this review, we updated the view on the brain D2 receptor complexes with adenosine (A)2A receptors (A2AR) and discussed the role of A2AR in different aspects of addiction phenotypes in laboratory animal procedures that permit the highly complex syndrome of human drug addiction. We presented the current knowledge on the neurochemical in vivo and ex vivo mechanisms related to cocaine use disorder (CUD) and discussed future research directions for A2AR heteromeric complexes in SUD.
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26
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Cansler HL, Wright KN, Stetzik LA, Wesson DW. Neurochemical organization of the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle. J Neurochem 2020; 152:425-448. [PMID: 31755104 PMCID: PMC7042089 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ventral striatum is a collection of brain structures, including the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum and the olfactory tubercle (OT). While much attention has been devoted to the nucleus accumbens, a comprehensive understanding of the ventral striatum and its contributions to neurological diseases requires an appreciation for the complex neurochemical makeup of the ventral striatum's other components. This review summarizes the rich neurochemical composition of the OT, including the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones present. We also address the receptors and transporters involved in each system as well as their putative functional roles. Finally, we end with briefly reviewing select literature regarding neurochemical changes in the OT in the context of neurological disorders, specifically neurodegenerative disorders. By overviewing the vast literature on the neurochemical composition of the OT, this review will serve to aid future research into the neurobiology of the ventral striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary L Cansler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine N Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lucas A Stetzik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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Han QW, Yuan YH, Chen NH. The therapeutic role of cannabinoid receptors and its agonists or antagonists in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 96:109745. [PMID: 31442553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease and its characteristic is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) of the midbrain. There is hardly any clinically proven efficient therapeutics for its cure in several recent preclinical advances proposed to treat PD. Recent studies have found that the endocannabinoid signaling system in particular the comprised two receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors, has a significant regulatory function in basal ganglia and is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, adding new insights into the biochemical interactions between cannabinoids and other signaling pathways may help develop new pharmacological strategies. Factors of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are abundantly expressed in the neural circuits of basal ganglia, where they interact interactively with glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic), and dopaminergic signaling systems. Although preclinical studies on PD are promising, the use of cannabinoids at the clinical level has not been thoroughly studied. In this review, we evaluated the available evidence and reviewed the involvement of ECS in etiologies, symptoms and treatments related to PD. Since CB1 and CB2 receptors are the two main receptors of endocannabinoids, we primarily put the focus on the therapeutic role of CB1 and CB2 receptors in PD. We will try to determine future research clues that will help understand the potential therapeutic benefits of the ECS in the treatment of PD, aiming to open up new strategies and ideas for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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28
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Mallet N, Leblois A, Maurice N, Beurrier C. Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons: How to Elucidate Their Function in Health and Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1488. [PMID: 31920670 PMCID: PMC6923719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are the main source of acetylcholine in the striatum and are believed to play an important role in basal ganglia physiology and pathophysiology. The role of CINs in striatal function is known mostly from extracellular recordings of tonically active striatal neurons in monkeys, which are believed to correspond to CINs. Because these neurons transiently respond to motivationally cues with brief pauses, flanked by bursts of increased activity, they are classically viewed as key players in reward-related learning. However, CIN modulatory function within the striatal network has been mainly inferred from the action of acetylcholine agonists/antagonists or through CIN activation. These manipulations are far from recapitulating CIN activity in response to behaviorally-relevant stimuli. New technical tools such as optogenetics allow researchers to specifically manipulate this sparse neuronal population and to mimic their typical pause response. For example, it is now possible to investigate how short inhibition of CIN activity shapes striatal properties. Here, we review the most recent literature and show how these new techniques have brought considerable insights into the functional role of CINs in normal and pathological states, raising several interesting and novel questions. To continue moving forward, it is crucial to determine in detail CIN activity changes during behavior, particularly in rodents. We will also discuss how computational approaches combined with optogenetics will contribute to further our understanding of the CIN role in striatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mallet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arthur Leblois
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
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29
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Guidolin D, Marcoli M, Tortorella C, Maura G, Agnati LF. Adenosine A 2A-dopamine D 2 receptor-receptor interaction in neurons and astrocytes: Evidence and perspectives. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 169:247-277. [PMID: 31952688 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of receptor-receptor interactions in the early 1980s, together with a more accurate focusing of allosteric mechanisms in proteins, expanded the knowledge on the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling processes. GPCRs were seen to operate not only as monomers, but also as quaternary structures shaped by allosteric interactions. These integrative mechanisms can change the function of the GPCRs involved, leading to a sophisticated dynamic of the receptor assembly in terms of modulation of recognition and signaling. In this context, the heterodimeric complex formed by the adenosine A2A and the dopamine D2 receptors likely represents a prototypical example. The pharmacological evidence obtained, together with the tissue distribution of the A2A-D2 heteromeric complexes, suggested they could represent a target for new therapeutic strategies addressing significant disorders of the central nervous system. The research findings and the perspectives they offer from the therapeutic standpoint are the focus of the here presented discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ghiglieri V, Campanelli F, Marino G, Natale G, Picconi B, Calabresi P. Corticostriatal synaptic plasticity alterations in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1655-1664. [PMID: 31498496 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative condition characterized by abnormal dopamine (DA)-glutamate interactions, severe alterations in motor control, and reduced behavioral flexibility. Experimental models of disease show that during symptomatic phases, HD shares with other hyperkinetic disorders the loss of synaptic depotentiation in the striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Here we test the hypothesis that corticostriatal long-term depression (LTD), a well-conserved synaptic scaling down response to environmental stimuli, is also altered in symptomatic male R6/1 mice, a HD model with gradual development of symptoms. In vitro patch-clamp and intracellular recordings of corticostriatal slices from R6/1 mice confirm that, similar to other models characterized by hyperkinesia and striatal DA D1 receptor pathway dysregulation, once long-term potentiation (LTP) is induced, synaptic depotentiation is lost. Our new observations show that activity-dependent LTD was abolished in SPNs of mutant mice. In an experimental condition in which N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are normally not recruited, in vitro bath application of DA revealed an abnormal response of D1 receptors that caused a shift in synaptic plasticity direction resulting in an NMDA-dependent LTP. Our results demonstrate that corticostriatal LTD is lost in R6/1 mouse model and confirm the role of aberrant DA-glutamate interactions in the alterations of synaptic scaling down associated with HD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ghiglieri
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Scienze sociali, umane e della formazione, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gioia Marino
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Natale
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.,Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Diverse Mechanisms Lead to Common Dysfunction of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in Distinct Genetic Mouse Models of Dystonia. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7195-7205. [PMID: 31320448 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0407-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental data indicate striatal cholinergic dysfunction in dystonia, a movement disorder typically resulting in twisted postures via abnormal muscle contraction. Three forms of isolated human dystonia result from mutations in the TOR1A (DYT1), THAP1 (DYT6), and GNAL (DYT25) genes. Experimental models carrying these mutations facilitate identification of possible shared cellular mechanisms. Recently, we reported elevated extracellular striatal acetylcholine by in vivo microdialysis and paradoxical excitation of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) by dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonism using ex vivo slice electrophysiology in Dyt1 ΔGAG/+ mice. The paradoxical excitation was caused by overactive muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), leading to a switch in D2R coupling from canonical Gi/o to noncanonical β-arrestin signaling. We sought to determine whether these mechanisms in Dyt1 ΔGAG/+ mice are shared with Thap1 C54Y/+ knock-in and Gnal +/- knock-out dystonia models and to determine the impact of sex. We found Thap1 C54Y/+ mice of both sexes have elevated extracellular striatal acetylcholine and D2R-induced paradoxical ChI excitation, which was reversed by mAChR inhibition. Elevated extracellular acetylcholine was absent in male and female Gnal +/- mice, but the paradoxical D2R-mediated ChI excitation was retained and only reversed by inhibition of adenosine A2ARs. The Gi/o-preferring D2R agonist failed to increase ChI excitability, suggesting a possible switch in coupling of D2Rs to β-arrestin, as seen previously in a DYT1 model. These data show that, whereas elevated extracellular acetylcholine levels are not always detected across these genetic models of human dystonia, the D2R-mediated paradoxical excitation of ChIs is shared and is caused by altered function of distinct G-protein-coupled receptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dystonia is a common and often disabling movement disorder. The usual medical treatment of dystonia is pharmacotherapy with nonselective antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which have many undesirable side effects. Development of new therapeutics is a top priority for dystonia research. The current findings, considered in context with our previous investigations, establish a role for cholinergic dysfunction across three mouse models of human genetic dystonia: DYT1, DYT6, and DYT25. The commonality of cholinergic dysfunction in these models arising from diverse molecular etiologies points the way to new approaches for cholinergic modulation that may be broadly applicable in dystonia.
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Indirect Medium Spiny Neurons in the Dorsomedial Striatum Regulate Ethanol-Containing Conditioned Reward Seeking. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7206-7217. [PMID: 31315945 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0876-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)-containing indirect medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) contribute to reward-seeking behaviors. However, those roles for ethanol-seeking behaviors remain unknown. To investigate ethanol-seeking behaviors, we used an ethanol-containing reward (10% ethanol and 10% sucrose solution; 10E10S). Upon conditioning with 10E10S, mice that initially only preferred 10% sucrose, not 10E10S, showed a stronger preference for 10E10S. Then, we investigated whether the manipulation of the DMS-external globus pallidus (GPe) iMSNs circuit alters the ethanol-containing reward (10E10S) seeking behaviors using the combination of pharmacologic and optogenetic approaches. DMS A2AR activation dampened operant conditioning-induced ethanol-containing reward, whereas A2AR antagonist abolished the effects of the A2AR agonist and restored ethanol-containing reward-seeking. Moreover, pre-ethanol exposure potentiated the A2AR-dependent reward-seeking. Interestingly, mice exhibiting ethanol-containing reward-seeking showed the reduction of the DMS iMSNs activity, suggesting that disinhibiting iMSNs decreases reward-seeking behaviors. In addition, we found that A2AR activation reversed iMSNs neural activity in the DMS. Similarly, optogenetic stimulation of the DMS-GPe iMSNs reduced ethanol-containing reward-seeking, whereas optogenetic inhibition of the DMS-GPe iMSNs reversed this change. Together, our study demonstrates that DMS A2AR and iMSNs regulate ethanol-containing reward-seeking behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our findings highlight the mechanisms of how operant conditioning develops the preference of ethanol-containing conditioned reward. Mice exhibiting ethanol-containing reward-seeking showed a reduction of the indirect medium spiny neuronal activity in the dorsomedial striatum. Pharmacological activation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) or optogenetic activation of indirect medium spiny neurons dampened operant conditioned ethanol-containing reward-seeking, whereas inhibiting this neuronal activity restored ethanol-containing reward-seeking. Furthermore, repeated intermittent ethanol exposure potentiated A2AR-dependent reward-seeking. Therefore, our finding suggests that A2AR-containing indirect medium spiny neuronal activation reduces ethanol-containing reward-seeking, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.
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Smith‐Dijak AI, Sepers MD, Raymond LA. Alterations in synaptic function and plasticity in Huntington disease. J Neurochem 2019; 150:346-365. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy I. Smith‐Dijak
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Marja D. Sepers
- Department of Psychiatry and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Lynn A. Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Quik M, Boyd JT, Bordia T, Perez X. Potential Therapeutic Application for Nicotinic Receptor Drugs in Movement Disorders. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:357-369. [PMID: 30137517 PMCID: PMC6379038 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that striatal cholinergic interneurons play an important role in synaptic plasticity and motor control under normal physiological conditions, while their disruption may lead to movement disorders. Here we discuss the involvement of the cholinergic system in motor dysfunction, with a focus on the role of the nicotinic cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease and drug-induced dyskinesias. Evidence for a role for the striatal nicotinic cholinergic system stems from studies showing that administration of nicotine or nicotinic receptor drugs protects against nigrostriatal degeneration and decreases L-dopa-induced dyskinesias. In addition, nicotinic receptor drugs may ameliorate tardive dyskinesia, Tourette's syndrome and ataxia, although further study is required to understand their full potential in the treatment of these disorders. A role for the striatal muscarinic cholinergic system in movement disorders stems from studies showing that muscarinic receptor drugs acutely improve Parkinson's disease motor symptoms, and may reduce dyskinesias and dystonia. Selective stimulation or lesioning of striatal cholinergic interneurons suggests they are primary players in this regulation, although multiple central nervous systems appear to be involved. IMPLICATIONS Accumulating data from preclinical studies and clinical trials suggest that drugs targeting CNS cholinergic systems may be useful for symptomatic treatment of movement disorders. Nicotinic cholinergic drugs, including nicotine and selective nAChR receptor agonists, reduce L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, as well as antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia, and may be useful in Tourette's syndrome and ataxia. Subtype selective muscarinic cholinergic drugs may also provide effective therapies for Parkinson's disease, dyskinesias and dystonia. Continued studies/trials will help address this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - James T Boyd
- University of Vermont Medical Center Neurology, Burlington, VT
| | - Tanuja Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Xiomara Perez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
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Abudukeyoumu N, Hernandez-Flores T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW. Cholinergic modulation of striatal microcircuits. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:604-622. [PMID: 29797362 PMCID: PMC6587740 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between earlier literature on striatal cholinergic interneurons and mechanisms of microcircuit interaction demonstrated with the use of newly available tools. It is well known that the main source of the high level of acetylcholine in the striatum, compared to other brain regions, is the cholinergic interneurons. These interneurons provide an extensive local innervation that suggests they may be a key modulator of striatal microcircuits. Supporting this idea requires the consideration of functional properties of these interneurons, their influence on medium spiny neurons, other interneurons, and interactions with other synaptic regulators. Here, we underline the effects of intrastriatal and extrastriatal afferents onto cholinergic interneurons and discuss the activation of pre‐ and postsynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic receptors that participate in the modulation of intrastriatal neuronal interactions. We further address recent findings about corelease of other transmitters in cholinergic interneurons and actions of these interneurons in striosome and matrix compartments. In addition, we summarize recent evidence on acetylcholine‐mediated striatal synaptic plasticity and propose roles for cholinergic interneurons in normal striatal physiology. A short examination of their role in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Tourette's pathologies and dystonia is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gordon W Arbuthnott
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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Linehan V, Rowe TM, Hirasawa M. Dopamine modulates excitatory transmission to orexin neurons in a receptor subtype-specific manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R68-R75. [PMID: 30462527 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) can promote or inhibit consummatory and reward-related behaviors by activating different receptor subtypes in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area (LH/PF). Because orexin neurons are involved in reward and localized in the LH/PF, DA may modulate these neurons to influence reward-related behaviors. To determine the cellular mechanism underlying dopaminergic modulation of orexin neurons, the effect of DA on excitatory transmission to these neurons was investigated using in vitro electrophysiology on rat brain slices. We found that low concentrations (0.1-1 µM) of DA increased evoked excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude while decreasing paired-pulse ratio. In contrast, high concentrations (10-100 µM) of DA did the opposite. The excitatory effect of low DA was blocked by the D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390, whereas the inhibitory effect of high DA was blocked by the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. These results indicate distinct roles of D1 and D2 receptors in bidirectional presynaptic modulation of excitatory transmission. DA had stronger effects on isolated synaptic activity than repetitive ones, suggesting that sensitivity to dopaminergic modulation depends on the level of network activity. In orexin neurons from high-fat diet-fed rats, a high concentration of DA was less effective in suppressing repetitive synaptic activity compared with chow controls. Therefore, in diet-induced obesity, intense synaptic inputs may preferentially reach orexin neurons while intermittent signals are inhibited by high DA levels. In summary, our study provides a cellular mechanism by which DA may exert opposite behavioral effects in the LH/PF through bidirectional modulation of orexin neurons via different DA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Linehan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University , St. John's, Newfoundland , Canada
| | - Todd M Rowe
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University , St. John's, Newfoundland , Canada
| | - Michiru Hirasawa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University , St. John's, Newfoundland , Canada
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Dopamine-endocannabinoid interactions mediate spike-timing-dependent potentiation in the striatum. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4118. [PMID: 30297767 PMCID: PMC6175920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine modulates striatal synaptic plasticity, a key substrate for action selection and procedural learning. Thus, characterizing the repertoire of activity-dependent plasticity in striatum and its dependence on dopamine is of crucial importance. We recently unraveled a striatal spike-timing-dependent long-term potentiation (tLTP) mediated by endocannabinoids (eCBs) and induced with few spikes (~5–15). Whether this eCB-tLTP interacts with the dopaminergic system remains to be investigated. Here, we report that eCB-tLTP is impaired in a rodent model of Parkinson’s disease and rescued by L-DOPA. Dopamine controls eCB-tLTP via dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) located presynaptically in cortical terminals. Dopamine–endocannabinoid interactions via D2R are required for the emergence of tLTP in response to few coincident pre- and post-synaptic spikes and control eCB-plasticity by modulating the long-term potentiation (LTP)/depression (LTD) thresholds. While usually considered as a depressing synaptic function, our results show that eCBs in the presence of dopamine constitute a versatile system underlying bidirectional plasticity implicated in basal ganglia pathophysiology. Dopamine tightly regulates plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. Here, the authors report that endocannabinoid dependent LTP induced with few spikes in the striatum is impaired in a rodent model of Parkinson’s disease, requires dopamine through presynaptic D2 receptors located on corticostriatal inputs.
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Tozzi A, Durante V, Bastioli G, Mazzocchetti P, Novello S, Mechelli A, Morari M, Costa C, Mancini A, Di Filippo M, Calabresi P. Dopamine D2 receptor activation potently inhibits striatal glutamatergic transmission in a G2019S LRRK2 genetic model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Augustin SM, Lovinger DM. Functional Relevance of Endocannabinoid-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Central Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2146-2161. [PMID: 29400439 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system plays a key role in short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity in brain regions involved in various neural functions ranging from action selection to appetite control. This review will explore the role of eCBs in shaping neural circuit function to regulate behaviors. In particular, we will discuss the behavioral consequences of eCB mediated long-term synaptic plasticity in different brain regions. This review brings together evidence from in vitro and ex vivo studies and points out the need for more in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Augustin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
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Augustin SM, Chancey JH, Lovinger DM. Dual Dopaminergic Regulation of Corticostriatal Plasticity by Cholinergic Interneurons and Indirect Pathway Medium Spiny Neurons. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2883-2893. [PMID: 30208314 PMCID: PMC6182771 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid (eCB)-mediated long-term depression (LTD) requires dopamine (DA) D2 receptors (D2Rs) for eCB mobilization. The cellular locus of the D2Rs involved in LTD induction remains highly debated. We directly examined the role in LTD induction of D2Rs expressed by striatal cholinergic interneurons (Chls) and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) using neuron-specific targeted deletion of D2Rs. Deletion of Chl-D2Rs (Chl-Drd2KO) impaired LTD induction in both subtypes of MSNs. LTD induction was restored in the Chl-Drd2KO mice by an M1-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. In contrast, after the deletion of iMSN-D2Rs (iMSN-Drd2KO), LTD induction was intact in MSNs. Separate interrogation of direct pathway and iMSNs revealed a deficit in LTD induction only at synapses onto iMSNs that lack D2Rs. LTD induction in iMSNs was restored by D2R agonist application. Our findings suggest that Chl D2Rs strongly modulate LTD induction in MSNs, with iMSN-D2Rs having a weaker, iMSN-specific, modulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M Augustin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jessica H Chancey
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Monitoring and Updating of Action Selection for Goal-Directed Behavior through the Striatal Direct and Indirect Pathways. Neuron 2018; 99:1302-1314.e5. [PMID: 30146299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The basal ganglia play key roles in adaptive behaviors guided by reward and punishment. However, despite accumulating knowledge, few studies have tested how heterogeneous signals in the basal ganglia are organized and coordinated for goal-directed behavior. In this study, we investigated neuronal signals of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia as rats performed a lever push/pull task for a probabilistic reward. In the dorsomedial striatum, we found that optogenetically and electrophysiologically identified direct pathway neurons encoded reward outcomes, whereas indirect pathway neurons encoded no-reward outcome and next-action selection. Outcome coding occurred in association with the chosen action. In support of pathway-specific neuronal coding, light activation induced a bias on repeat selection of the same action in the direct pathway, but on switch selection in the indirect pathway. Our data reveal the mechanisms underlying monitoring and updating of action selection for goal-directed behavior through basal ganglia circuits.
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Perez De La Mora M, Manger P, Narváez M, Beggiato S, Crespo-Ramírez M, Navarro G, Wydra K, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Rivera A, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Filip M, Franco R, Fuxe K. Brain Dopamine Transmission in Health and Parkinson's Disease: Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity Through Volume Transmission and Dopamine Heteroreceptors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:20. [PMID: 30042672 PMCID: PMC6048293 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective article provides observations supporting the view that nigro-striatal dopamine neurons and meso-limbic dopamine neurons mainly communicate through short distance volume transmission in the um range with dopamine diffusing into extrasynaptic and synaptic regions of glutamate and GABA synapses. Based on this communication it is discussed how volume transmission modulates synaptic glutamate transmission onto the D1R modulated direct and D2R modulated indirect GABA pathways of the dorsal striatum. Each nigro-striatal dopamine neuron was first calculated to form large numbers of neostriatal DA nerve terminals and then found to give rise to dense axonal arborizations spread over the neostriatum, from which dopamine is released. These neurons can through DA volume transmission directly influence not only the striatal GABA projection neurons but all the striatal cell types in parallel. It includes the GABA nerve cells forming the island-/striosome GABA pathway to the nigral dopamine cells, the striatal cholinergic interneurons and the striatal GABA interneurons. The dopamine modulation of the different striatal nerve cell types involves the five dopamine receptor subtypes, D1R to D5R receptors, and their formation of multiple extrasynaptic and synaptic dopamine homo and heteroreceptor complexes. These features of the nigro-striatal dopamine neuron to modulate in parallel the activity of practically all the striatal nerve cell types in the dorsal striatum, through the dopamine receptor complexes allows us to understand its unique and crucial fine-tuning of movements, which is lost in Parkinson's disease. Integration of striatal dopamine signals with other transmitter systems in the striatum mainly takes place via the receptor-receptor interactions in dopamine heteroreceptor complexes. Such molecular events also participate in the integration of volume transmission and synaptic transmission. Dopamine modulation of the glutamate synapses on the dorsal striato-pallidal GABA pathway involves D2R heteroreceptor complexes such as D2R-NMDAR, A2AR-D2R, and NTSR1-D2R heteroreceptor complexes. The dopamine modulation of glutamate synapses on the striato-entopeduncular/nigral pathway takes place mainly via D1R heteroreceptor complexes such as D1R-NMDAR, A2R-D1R, and D1R-D3R heteroreceptor complexes. Dopamine modulation of the island/striosome compartment of the dorsal striatum projecting to the nigral dopamine cells involve D4R-MOR heteroreceptor complexes. All these receptor-receptor interactions have relevance for Parkinson's disease and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Miguel Perez De La Mora
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Manger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Minerva Crespo-Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zaida Díaz-Cabiale
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed: Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Klemann CJHM, Xicoy H, Poelmans G, Bloem BR, Martens GJM, Visser JE. Physical Exercise Modulates L-DOPA-Regulated Molecular Pathways in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5639-5657. [PMID: 29019056 PMCID: PMC5994219 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), resulting in motor and non-motor dysfunction. Physical exercise improves these symptoms in PD patients. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise, we exposed 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (MPTP)-treated mice to a four-week physical exercise regimen, and subsequently explored their motor performance and the transcriptome of multiple PD-linked brain areas. MPTP reduced the number of DA neurons in the SNpc, whereas physical exercise improved beam walking, rotarod performance, and motor behavior in the open field. Further, enrichment analyses of the RNA-sequencing data revealed that in the MPTP-treated mice physical exercise predominantly modulated signaling cascades that are regulated by the top upstream regulators L-DOPA, RICTOR, CREB1, or bicuculline/dalfampridine, associated with movement disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epilepsy-related processes. To elucidate the molecular pathways underlying these cascades, we integrated the proteins encoded by the exercise-induced differentially expressed mRNAs for each of the upstream regulators into a molecular landscape, for multiple key brain areas. Most notable was the opposite effect of physical exercise compared to previously reported effects of L-DOPA on the expression of mRNAs in the SN and the ventromedial striatum that are involved in-among other processes-circadian rhythm and signaling involving DA, neuropeptides, and endocannabinoids. Altogether, our findings suggest that physical exercise can improve motor function in PD and may, at the same time, counteract L-DOPA-mediated molecular mechanisms. Further, we hypothesize that physical exercise has the potential to improve non-motor symptoms of PD, some of which may be the result of (chronic) L-DOPA use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius J H M Klemann
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Xicoy
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper E Visser
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
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44
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Conti MM, Chambers N, Bishop C. A new outlook on cholinergic interneurons in Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:67-82. [PMID: 29782883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) striatal systems were considered antagonistic and imbalances or aberrant signaling between these neurotransmitter systems could be detrimental to basal ganglia activity and pursuant motor function, such as in Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Herein, we discuss the involvement of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in striatally-mediated movement in a healthy, parkinsonian, and dyskinetic state. ChIs integrate numerous neurotransmitter signals using intrinsic glutamate, serotonin, and DA receptors and convey the appropriate transmission onto nearby muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors to produce movement. In PD, severe DA depletion causes abnormal rises in ChI activity which promote striatal signaling to attenuate normal movement. When treating PD with L-DOPA, hyperkinetic side effects, or LID, develop due to increased striatal DA; however, the role of ChIs and ACh transmission, until recently has been unclear. Fortunately, new technology and pharmacological agents have facilitated understanding of ChI function and ACh signaling in the context of LID, thus offering new opportunities to modify existing and discover future therapeutic strategies in movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Nicole Chambers
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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45
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Tanimura A, Pancani T, Lim SAO, Tubert C, Melendez AE, Shen W, Surmeier DJ. Striatal cholinergic interneurons and Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1148-1158. [PMID: 28677242 PMCID: PMC6074051 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Giant, aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) have long been known to be key nodes in the striatal circuitry controlling goal-directed actions and habits. In recent years, new experimental approaches, like optogenetics and monosynaptic rabies virus mapping, have expanded our understanding of how ChIs contribute to the striatal activity underlying action selection and the interplay of dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling. These approaches also have begun to reveal how ChI function is distorted in disease states affecting the basal ganglia, like Parkinson's disease (PD). This review gives a brief overview of our current understanding of the functional role played by ChIs in striatal physiology and how this changes in PD. The translational implications of these discoveries, as well as the gaps that remain to be bridged, are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Tanimura
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tristano Pancani
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sean Austin O Lim
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Cecilia Tubert
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alexandra E Melendez
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dalton James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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46
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Picconi B, De Leonibus E, Calabresi P. Synaptic plasticity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia: electrophysiological and structural abnormalities. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1263-1271. [PMID: 29492662 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the midbrain. The gold-standard therapy for PD is the restoration of dopamine (DA) levels through the chronic administration of the DA precursor levodopa (L-DOPA). Although levodopa therapy is the main therapeutic approach for PD, its use is limited by the development of very disabling dyskinetic movements, mainly due to the fluctuation of DA cerebral content. Experimental animal models of PD identified in DA D1/ERK-signaling pathway aberrant activation, occurring in striatal projection neurons, coupled with structural spines abnormalities, the molecular and neuronal basis of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LIDs) occurrence. Different electrophysiological approaches allowed the identification of the alteration of homeostatic structural and synaptic changes, the neuronal bases of LIDs either in vivo in parkinsonian patients or in vitro in experimental animals. Here, we report the most recent studies showing electrophysiological and morphological evidence of aberrant synaptic plasticity in parkinsonian patients during LIDs in different basal ganglia nuclei and also in cortical transmission, accounting for the complexity of the synaptic changes during dyskinesias. All together, these studies suggest that LIDs are associated with a loss of homeostatic synaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia c/o CERC, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia c/o CERC, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Clinica Neurologica, Università degli studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
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47
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Nazario LR, da Silva RS, Bonan CD. Targeting Adenosine Signaling in Parkinson's Disease: From Pharmacological to Non-pharmacological Approaches. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:658. [PMID: 29217998 PMCID: PMC5703841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease displaying negative impacts on both the health and social ability of patients and considerable economical costs. The classical anti-parkinsonian drugs based in dopaminergic replacement are the standard treatment, but several motor side effects emerge during long-term use. This mini-review presents the rationale to several efforts from pre-clinical and clinical studies using adenosine receptor antagonists as a non-dopaminergic therapy. As several studies have indicated that the monotherapy with adenosine receptor antagonists reaches limited efficacy, the usage as a co-adjuvant appeared to be a promising strategy. The formulation of multi-targeted drugs, using adenosine receptor antagonists and other neurotransmitter systems than the dopaminergic one as targets, have been receiving attention since Parkinson's disease presents a complex biological impact. While pharmacological approaches to cure or ameliorate the conditions of PD are the leading strategy in this area, emerging positive aspects have arisen from non-pharmacological approaches and adenosine function inhibition appears to improve both strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza R Nazario
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosane S da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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48
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D’Souza GX, Waldvogel HJ. Targeting the Cholinergic System to Develop a Novel Therapy for Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2017; 5:333-342. [PMID: 27983560 PMCID: PMC5181681 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-160200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we outline the role of the cholinergic system in Huntington’s disease, and briefly describe the dysfunction of cholinergic transmission, cholinergic neurons, cholinergic receptors and cholinergic survival factors observed in post-mortem human brains and animal models of Huntington’s disease. We postulate how the dysfunctional cholinergic system can be targeted to develop novel therapies for Huntington’s disease, and discuss the beneficial effects of cholinergic therapies in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry J. Waldvogel
- Correspondence to: Associate Professor Henry J. Waldvogel, Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. Tel.: +64 9 923 6051; E-mail:
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49
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Kharkwal G, Brami-Cherrier K, Lizardi-Ortiz JE, Nelson AB, Ramos M, Del Barrio D, Sulzer D, Kreitzer AC, Borrelli E. Parkinsonism Driven by Antipsychotics Originates from Dopaminergic Control of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons. Neuron 2017; 91:67-78. [PMID: 27387649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Typical antipsychotics can cause disabling side effects. Specifically, antagonism of D2R signaling by the typical antipsychotic haloperidol induces parkinsonism in humans and catalepsy in rodents. Striatal dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) are major regulators of motor activity through their signaling on striatal projection neurons and interneurons. We show that D2R signaling on cholinergic interneurons contributes to an in vitro pause in firing of these otherwise tonically active neurons and to the striatal dopamine/acetylcholine balance. The selective ablation of D2R from cholinergic neurons allows discrimination between the motor-reducing and cataleptic effects of antipsychotics. The cataleptic effect of antipsychotics is triggered by blockade of D2R on cholinergic interneurons and the consequent increase of acetylcholine signaling on striatal projection neurons. These studies illuminate the critical role of D2R-mediated signaling in regulating the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons and the mechanisms of typical antipsychotic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kharkwal
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, U904 INSERM, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Karen Brami-Cherrier
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, U904 INSERM, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - José E Lizardi-Ortiz
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandra B Nelson
- The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Ramos
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, U904 INSERM, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Daniel Del Barrio
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, U904 INSERM, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Emiliana Borrelli
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, U904 INSERM, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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50
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Chronic Nicotine Mitigates Aberrant Inhibitory Motor Learning Induced by Motor Experience under Dopamine Deficiency. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5228-40. [PMID: 27170121 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2754-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although dopamine receptor antagonism has long been associated with impairments in motor performance, more recent studies have shown that dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonism, paired with a motor task, not only impairs motor performance concomitant with the pharmacodynamics of the drug, but also impairs future motor performance once antagonism has been relieved. We have termed this phenomenon "aberrant motor learning" and have suggested that it may contribute to motor symptoms in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC), but not acute nicotine, treatment mitigates the acquisition of D2R-antagonist-induced aberrant motor learning in mice. Although cNIC mitigates D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning, cNIC has no effect on D1R-mediated motor learning. β2-containing nicotinic receptors in dopamine neurons likely mediate the protective effect of cNIC against aberrant motor learning, because selective deletion of β2 nicotinic subunits in dopamine neurons reduced D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning. Finally, both cNIC treatment and β2 subunit deletion blunted postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonism. These results suggest that a chronic decrease in function or a downregulation of β2-containing nicotinic receptors protects the striatal network against aberrant plasticity and aberrant motor learning induced by motor experience under dopamine deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increasingly, aberrant plasticity and aberrant learning are recognized as contributing to the development and progression of movement disorders. Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC) treatment or specific deletion of β2 nicotinic receptor subunits in dopamine neurons mitigates aberrant motor learning induced by dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockade in mice. Moreover, both manipulations also reduced striatal dopamine release and blunt postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonists. These results suggest that chronic downregulation of function and/or receptor expression of β2-containing nicotinic receptors alters presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal signaling to protect against aberrant motor learning. Moreover, these results suggest that cNIC treatment may alleviate motor symptoms and/or delay the deterioration of motor function in movement disorders by blocking aberrant motor learning.
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