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Zhang N, Song B, Bai P, Du L, Chen L, Xu Y, Zeng T. Perineuronal nets' role in metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E411-E421. [PMID: 39140971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00154.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons, have recently been recognized as key players in the regulation of metabolism. This review explores the growing body of knowledge concerning PNNs and their role in metabolic control, drawing insights from recent research and relevant studies. The pivotal role of PNNs in the context of energy balance and whole body blood glucose is examined. This review also highlights novel findings, including the effects of astroglia, microglia, sex and gonadal hormones, nutritional regulation, circadian rhythms, and age on PNNs dynamics. These findings illuminate the complex and multifaceted role of PNNs in metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beite Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Kupke J, Klimmt J, Mudlaff F, Schwab M, Lutsik P, Plass C, Sticht C, Oliveira AMM. Dnmt3a1 regulates hippocampus-dependent memory via the downstream target Nrp1. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1528-1539. [PMID: 38499720 PMCID: PMC11319347 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic factors are well-established players in memory formation. Specifically, DNA methylation is necessary for the formation of long-term memory in multiple brain regions including the hippocampus. Despite the demonstrated role of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) in memory formation, it is unclear whether individual Dnmts have unique or redundant functions in long-term memory formation. Furthermore, the downstream processes controlled by Dnmts during memory consolidation have not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that Dnmt3a1, the predominant Dnmt in the adult brain, is required for long-term spatial object recognition and contextual fear memory. Using RNA sequencing, we identified an activity-regulated Dnmt3a1-dependent genomic program in which several genes were associated with functional and structural plasticity. Furthermore, we found that some of the identified genes are selectively dependent on Dnmt3a1, but not its isoform Dnmt3a2. Specifically, we identified Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) as a downstream target of Dnmt3a1 and further demonstrated the involvement of Nrp1 in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Importantly, we found that Dnmt3a1 regulates hippocampus-dependent memory via Nrp1. In contrast, Nrp1 overexpression did not rescue memory impairments triggered by reduced Dnmt3a2 levels. Taken together, our study uncovered a Dnmt3a-isoform-specific mechanism in memory formation, identified a novel regulator of memory, and further highlighted the complex and highly regulated functions of distinct epigenetic regulators in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kupke
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Klimmt
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Mudlaff
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Maximilian Schwab
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ana M M Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Cognition Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
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Mortazavi A, Khan AU, Nieblas-Bedolla E, Boddeti U, Bachani M, Ksendzovsky A, Johnson K, Zaghloul KA. Differential gene expression underlying epileptogenicity in patients with gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae103. [PMID: 39022648 PMCID: PMC11252565 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Seizures are a common sequela for patients suffering from gliomas. Molecular properties are known to influence the initiation of seizures that may influence tumor growth. Different levels of gene expression with seizures related to gliomas remain unclear. We analyzed RNA sequencing of gliomas to further probe these differences. Methods Total RNA sequencing was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Lower-Grade Glioma project, comprised of 2021 World Health Organization classification low-grade gliomas, including IDH-mutant and IDH-wild type, to distinguish differential expression in patients who did and did not experience seizures. Utilizing QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, we identified canonical and functional pathways to characterize differential expression. Results Of 289 patients with gliomas, 83 (28.7%) had available information regarding seizure occurrence prior to intervention and other pertinent variables of interest. Of these, 50 (60.2%) were allocated to the seizure group. When comparing the level of RNA expression from these tumors between the seizure and non-seizure groups, 52 genes that were significantly differentially regulated were identified. We found canonical pathways that were altered, most significantly RhoGDI and semaphorin neuronal repulsive signaling. Functional gene analysis revealed tumors that promoted seizures had significantly increased functional gene sets involving neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis. Conclusions In the setting of gliomas, differences in tumor gene expression exist between individuals with and without seizures, despite similarities in patient demographics and other tumor characteristics. There are significant differences in gene expression associated with neuron development and synaptogenesis, ultimately suggesting a mechanistic role of a tumor-neuron synapse in seizure initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mortazavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anas U Khan
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ujwal Boddeti
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Muzna Bachani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Ksendzovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Liao W, Lee KZ. CDKL5-mediated developmental tuning of neuronal excitability and concomitant regulation of transcriptome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3276-3298. [PMID: 37688574 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) is a serine-threonine kinase enriched in the forebrain to regulate neuronal development and function. Patients with CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental condition caused by mutations of CDKL5 gene, present early-onset epilepsy as the most prominent feature. However, spontaneous seizures have not been reported in mouse models of CDD, raising vital questions on the human-mouse differences and the roles of CDKL5 in early postnatal brains. Here, we firstly measured electroencephalographic (EEG) activities via a wireless telemetry system coupled with video-recording in neonatal mice. We found that mice lacking CDKL5 exhibited spontaneous epileptic EEG discharges, accompanied with increased burst activities and ictal behaviors, specifically at postnatal day 12 (P12). Intriguingly, those epileptic spikes disappeared after P14. We next performed an unbiased transcriptome profiling in the dorsal hippocampus and motor cortex of Cdkl5 null mice at different developmental timepoints, uncovering a set of age-dependent and brain region-specific alterations of gene expression in parallel with the transient display of epileptic activities. Finally, we validated multiple differentially expressed genes, such as glycine receptor alpha 2 and cholecystokinin, at the transcript or protein levels, supporting the relevance of these genes to CDKL5-regulated excitability. Our findings reveal early-onset neuronal hyperexcitability in mouse model of CDD, providing new insights into CDD etiology and potential molecular targets to ameliorate intractable neonatal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ze Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Koropouli E, Wang Q, Mejías R, Hand R, Wang T, Ginty DD, Kolodkin AL. Palmitoylation regulates neuropilin-2 localization and function in cortical neurons and conveys specificity to semaphorin signaling via palmitoyl acyltransferases. eLife 2023; 12:e83217. [PMID: 37010951 PMCID: PMC10069869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) exhibit remarkably distinct effects on deep layer excitatory cortical pyramidal neurons; Sema3F mediates dendritic spine pruning, whereas Sema3A promotes the elaboration of basal dendrites. Sema3F and Sema3A signal through distinct holoreceptors that include neuropilin-2 (Nrp2)/plexinA3 (PlexA3) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp1)/PlexA4, respectively. We find that Nrp2 and Nrp1 are S-palmitoylated in cortical neurons and that palmitoylation of select Nrp2 cysteines is required for its proper subcellular localization, cell surface clustering, and also for Sema3F/Nrp2-dependent dendritic spine pruning in cortical neurons, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC15 is required for Nrp2 palmitoylation and Sema3F/Nrp2-dependent dendritic spine pruning, but it is dispensable for Nrp1 palmitoylation and Sema3A/Nrp1-dependent basal dendritic elaboration. Therefore, palmitoyl acyltransferase-substrate specificity is essential for establishing compartmentalized neuronal structure and functional responses to extrinsic guidance cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Koropouli
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology,University of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Randal Hand
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tao Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Goltseker K, Garay P, Bonefas K, Iwase S, Barak S. Alcohol-specific transcriptional dynamics of memory reconsolidation and relapse. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 36792579 PMCID: PMC9932068 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse, a critical issue in alcohol addiction, can be attenuated by disruption of alcohol-associated memories. Memories are thought to temporarily destabilize upon retrieval during the reconsolidation process. Here, we provide evidence for unique transcriptional dynamics underpinning alcohol memory reconsolidation. Using a mouse place-conditioning procedure, we show that alcohol-memory retrieval increases the mRNA expression of immediate-early genes in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, and that alcohol seeking is abolished by post-retrieval non-specific inhibition of gene transcription, or by downregulating ARC expression using antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides. However, since retrieval of memories for a natural reward (sucrose) also increased the same immediate-early gene expression, we explored for alcohol-specific transcriptional changes using RNA-sequencing. We revealed a unique transcriptional fingerprint activated by alcohol memories, as the expression of this set of plasticity-related genes was not altered by sucrose-memory retrieval. Our results suggest that alcohol memories may activate two parallel transcription programs: one is involved in memory reconsolidation in general, and another is specifically activated during alcohol-memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koral Goltseker
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Patricia Garay
- The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Bonefas
- The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Human Genetics Department, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Segev Barak
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Jagadapillai R, Qiu X, Ojha K, Li Z, El-Baz A, Zou S, Gozal E, Barnes GN. Potential Cross Talk between Autism Risk Genes and Neurovascular Molecules: A Pilot Study on Impact of Blood Brain Barrier Integrity. Cells 2022; 11:2211. [PMID: 35883654 PMCID: PMC9315816 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common pediatric neurobiological disorder with up to 80% of genetic etiologies. Systems biology approaches may make it possible to test novel therapeutic strategies targeting molecular pathways to alleviate ASD symptoms. A clinical database of autism subjects was queried for individuals with a copy number variation (CNV) on microarray, Vineland, and Parent Concern Questionnaire scores. Pathway analyses of genes from pathogenic CNVs yielded 659 genes whose protein-protein interactions and mRNA expression mapped 121 genes with maximal antenatal expression in 12 brain regions. A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-derived neural circuits map revealed significant differences in anxiety, motor, and activities of daily living skills scores between altered CNV genes and normal microarrays subjects, involving Positive Valence (reward), Cognition (IQ), and Social Processes. Vascular signaling was identified as a biological process that may influence these neural circuits. Neuroinflammation, microglial activation, iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine increase in the brain of Semaphorin 3F- Neuropilin 2 (Sema 3F-NRP2) KO, an ASD mouse model, agree with previous reports in the brain of ASD individuals. Signs of platelet deposition, activation, release of serotonin, and albumin leakage in ASD-relevant brain regions suggest possible blood brain barrier (BBB) deficits. Disruption of neurovascular signaling and BBB with neuroinflammation may mediate causative pathophysiology in some ASD subgroups. Although preliminary, these data demonstrate the potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies based on clinically derived data, genomics, cognitive neuroscience, and basic neuroscience methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
| | - Xiaolu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Child Health, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Kshama Ojha
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
| | - Shipu Zou
- Department of Child Health, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gregory N. Barnes
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (R.J.); (X.Q.); (K.O.)
- University of Louisville Autism Center, Louisville, KY 40217, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Khdour HY, Kondabolu K, Khadka A, Assous M, Tepper JM, Tran TS, Polack PO. Neuropilin 2/Plexin-A3 Receptors Regulate the Functional Connectivity and the Excitability in the Layers 4 and 5 of the Cerebral Cortex. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4828-4840. [PMID: 35534225 PMCID: PMC9188426 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1965-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of cortical networks are progressively established during development by series of events shaping the neuronal connectivity. Synaptic elimination, which consists of removing the supernumerary connections generated during the earlier stages of cortical development, is one of the latest stages in neuronal network maturation. The semaphorin 3F coreceptors neuropilin 2 (Nrp2) and plexin-A3 (PlxnA3) may play an important role in the functional maturation of the cerebral cortex by regulating the excess dendritic spines on cortical excitatory neurons. Yet, the identity of the connections eliminated under the control of Nrp2/PlxnA3 signaling is debated, and the importance of this synaptic refinement for cortical functions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Nrp2/PlxnA3 controls the spine densities in layer 4 (L4) and on the apical dendrite of L5 neurons of the sensory and motor cortices. Using a combination of neuroanatomical, ex vivo electrophysiology, and in vivo functional imaging techniques in Nrp2 and PlxnA3 KO mice of both sexes, we disprove the hypothesis that Nrp2/PlxnA3 signaling is required to maintain the ectopic thalamocortical connections observed during embryonic development. We also show that the absence of Nrp2/PlxnA3 signaling leads to the hyperexcitability and excessive synchronization of the neuronal activity in L5 and L4 neuronal networks, suggesting that this system could participate in the refinement of the recurrent corticocortical connectivity in those layers. Altogether, our results argue for a role of semaphorin-Nrp2/PlxnA3 signaling in the proper maturation and functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex, likely by controlling the refinement of recurrent corticocortical connections.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The function of a neuronal circuit is mainly determined by the connections that neurons establish with one another during development. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the establishment of the functional connectivity is fundamental to comprehend how network functions are implemented, and to design treatments aiming at restoring damaged neuronal circuits. Here, we show that the cell surface receptors for the family of semaphorin guidance cues neuropilin 2 (Nrp2) and plexin-A3 (PlxnA3) play an important role in shaping the functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex likely by trimming the recurrent connections in layers 4 and 5. By removing the supernumerary inputs generated during early development, Nrp2/PlxnA3 signaling reduces the neuronal excitability and participates in the maturation of the cortical network functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Y Khdour
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
- Behavioral and Neural Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Krishnakanth Kondabolu
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Alina Khadka
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Maxime Assous
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - James M Tepper
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Tracy S Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Pierre-Olivier Polack
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Li Y, Tong F, Liu L, Su Z, Ding J, Wang Q, Wang X. CRMP2 modulates mossy fiber sprouting in dentate gyrus of pilocarpine induced rat model of epilepsy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:141-147. [PMID: 35334412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a hallmark of epilepsy, mossy fiber sprouting was regarded as an ideal mode to study neural rewiring upon injury. The process of mossy fiber sprouting constitutes key steps for neural circuit formation, including axon collateral formation and outgrowth, reversed pathfinding and synapse connection. The canonical function of CRMP2 is to promote neurite/axon outgrowth via binding to tubulin heterodimers, which is mainly regulated by its phosphorylation state. CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation were reported to change in medial temporal epilepsy patients and animal modes of epilepsy. As a novel anti-epilepsy drug, Lacosamide is able to impair CRMP2 mediated tubulin polymerization. Previous studies suggested possible roles of CRMP2 in mossy fiber sprouting. Here, we provide direct evidence to support the role of CRMP2 in the process of mossy fiber sprouting in an animal model of epilepsy. We found that CRMP2 phosphorylation was downregulated specifically in the hippocampus during latent phase of epileptic rats. In addition, with the reduction of CRMP2 expression levels in dentate gyrus by CRMP2 shRNA, we observed decreased mossy fiber sprouting in these CRMP2 knockdown rats. Our results demonstrated that CRMP2 modulates mossy fiber sprouting in dentate gyrus of pilocarpine induced rat model of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangchao Tong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqian Su
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Du H, Xu Y, Zhu L. Role of Semaphorins in Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:848506. [PMID: 35350431 PMCID: PMC8957939 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.848506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world. Although the management of ischemic stroke has been improved significantly, it still imposes a huge burden on the health and property. The integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is closely related with the prognosis of ischemic stroke. Growing evidence has shown that semaphorins, a family of axon guidance cues, play a pivotal role in multiple pathophysiological processes in NVU after ischemia, such as regulating the immune system, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. Modulating the NVU function via semaphorin signaling has a potential to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. We, therefore, review recent progresses on the role of semphorin family members in neurons, glial cells and vasculature after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Du
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhu,
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11
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Reduced hippocampal inhibition and enhanced autism-epilepsy comorbidity in mice lacking neuropilin 2. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:537. [PMID: 34663783 PMCID: PMC8523694 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropilin receptors and their secreted semaphorin ligands play key roles in brain circuit development by regulating numerous crucial neuronal processes, including the maturation of synapses and migration of GABAergic interneurons. Consistent with its developmental roles, the neuropilin 2 (Nrp2) locus contains polymorphisms in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nrp2-deficient mice show autism-like behavioral deficits and propensity to develop seizures. In order to determine the pathophysiology in Nrp2 deficiency, we examined the hippocampal numbers of interneuron subtypes and inhibitory regulation of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in mice lacking one or both copies of Nrp2. Immunostaining for interneuron subtypes revealed that Nrp2-/- mice have a reduced number of parvalbumin, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y cells, mainly in CA1. Whole-cell recordings identified reduced firing and hyperpolarized shift in resting membrane potential in CA1 pyramidal neurons from Nrp2+/- and Nrp2-/- mice compared to age-matched wild-type controls indicating decrease in intrinsic excitability. Simultaneously, the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) are reduced in Nrp2-deficient mice. A convulsive dose of kainic acid evoked electrographic and behavioral seizures with significantly shorter latency, longer duration, and higher severity in Nrp2-/- compared to Nrp2+/+ animals. Finally, Nrp2+/- and Nrp2-/- but not Nrp2+/+, mice have impaired cognitive flexibility demonstrated by reward-based reversal learning, a task associated with hippocampal circuit function. Together these data demonstrate a broad reduction in interneuron subtypes and compromised inhibition in CA1 of Nrp2-/- mice, which could contribute to the heightened seizure susceptibility and behavioral deficits consistent with an ASD/epilepsy phenotype.
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12
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Zhang L, Qi Z, Li J, Li M, Du X, Wang S, Zhou G, Xu B, Liu W, Xi S, Xu Z, Deng Y. Roles and Mechanisms of Axon-Guidance Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3290-3307. [PMID: 33675023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognitive dysfunctions. Although the causes of AD have not yet been established, many mechanisms have been proposed. Axon-guidance molecules play the roles in the occurrence and development of AD by participating in different mechanisms. Therefore, what roles do axon-guidance molecules play in AD? This study aimed at elucidating how axon-guidance molecules Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins, and Ephrins regulate the levels of Aβ, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, Reelin, and other ways through different signaling pathways, in order to show the roles of axon-guidance molecules in the occurrence and development of AD. And it is hoped that this study can provide a theoretical basis and new perspectives in the search for new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianchao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Gozal E, Jagadapillai R, Cai J, Barnes GN. Potential crosstalk between sonic hedgehog-WNT signaling and neurovascular molecules: Implications for blood-brain barrier integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2021. [PMID: 34169527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease originating from combined genetic and environmental factors. Post-mortem human studies and some animal ASD models have shown brain neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, the signaling pathways leading to these inflammatory findings and vascular alterations are currently unclear. The BBB plays a critical role in controlling brain homeostasis and immune response. Its dysfunction can result from developmental genetic abnormalities or neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore the role of the Sonic Hedgehog/Wingless-related integration site (Shh/Wnt) pathways in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and BBB development. The balance between Wnt-β-catenin and Shh pathways controls angiogenesis, barriergenesis, neurodevelopment, central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, and neuronal guidance. These interactions are critical to maintain BBB function in the mature CNS to prevent the influx of pathogens and inflammatory cells. Genetic mutations of key components of these pathways have been identified in ASD patients and animal models, which correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms. Disruption of the Shh/Wnt crosstalk may therefore compromise BBB development and function. In turn, impaired Shh signaling and glial activation may cause neuroinflammation that could disrupt the BBB. Elucidating how ASD-related mutations of Shh/Wnt signaling could cause BBB leaks and neuroinflammation will contribute to our understanding of the role of their interactions in ASD pathophysiology. These observations may provide novel targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate ASD symptoms while preserving normal developmental processes. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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14
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Gozal E, Jagadapillai R, Cai J, Barnes GN. Potential crosstalk between sonic hedgehog-WNT signaling and neurovascular molecules: Implications for blood-brain barrier integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2021; 159:15-28. [PMID: 34169527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease originating from combined genetic and environmental factors. Post-mortem human studies and some animal ASD models have shown brain neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, the signaling pathways leading to these inflammatory findings and vascular alterations are currently unclear. The BBB plays a critical role in controlling brain homeostasis and immune response. Its dysfunction can result from developmental genetic abnormalities or neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore the role of the Sonic Hedgehog/Wingless-related integration site (Shh/Wnt) pathways in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and BBB development. The balance between Wnt-β-catenin and Shh pathways controls angiogenesis, barriergenesis, neurodevelopment, central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, and neuronal guidance. These interactions are critical to maintain BBB function in the mature CNS to prevent the influx of pathogens and inflammatory cells. Genetic mutations of key components of these pathways have been identified in ASD patients and animal models, which correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms. Disruption of the Shh/Wnt crosstalk may therefore compromise BBB development and function. In turn, impaired Shh signaling and glial activation may cause neuroinflammation that could disrupt the BBB. Elucidating how ASD-related mutations of Shh/Wnt signaling could cause BBB leaks and neuroinflammation will contribute to our understanding of the role of their interactions in ASD pathophysiology. These observations may provide novel targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate ASD symptoms while preserving normal developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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15
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Carulli D, de Winter F, Verhaagen J. Semaphorins in Adult Nervous System Plasticity and Disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:672891. [PMID: 34045951 PMCID: PMC8148045 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.672891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins, originally discovered as guidance cues for developing axons, are involved in many processes that shape the nervous system during development, from neuronal proliferation and migration to neuritogenesis and synapse formation. Interestingly, the expression of many Semaphorins persists after development. For instance, Semaphorin 3A is a component of perineuronal nets, the extracellular matrix structures enwrapping certain types of neurons in the adult CNS, which contribute to the closure of the critical period for plasticity. Semaphorin 3G and 4C play a crucial role in the control of adult hippocampal connectivity and memory processes, and Semaphorin 5A and 7A regulate adult neurogenesis. This evidence points to a role of Semaphorins in the regulation of adult neuronal plasticity. In this review, we address the distribution of Semaphorins in the adult nervous system and we discuss their function in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carulli
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fred de Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Dixit AB, Srivastava A, Sharma D, Tripathi M, Paul D, Lalwani S, Doddamani R, Sharma MC, Banerjee J, Chandra PS. Integrated Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and RNAseq Analysis of Hippocampal Specimens Identifies Potential Candidate Genes and Aberrant Signalling Pathways in Patients with Hippocampal Sclerosis. Neurol India 2021; 68:307-313. [PMID: 32189710 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.280649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims DNA methylation and demethylation play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, though their interplay during pathogenesis of hippocampal scelerosis (HS) remains elusive. The present study was designed to investigate the DNA methylation regulated changes in expression of HS patients. Methods We performed integrative analysis of genome-wide CpG-DNA methylation profiling and RNA sequencing to profile global changes in promoter methylation and gene expression in HS patients. Real time PCR was performed to validate the findings of methylation and RNA sequencing. Results A total of 16040 sites showed altered DNA methylation in all the CpG islands. Of these, 3185 sites were in the promoter regions, of which 66 genes showed an inverse correlation between methylation and expression. These genes are largely related to pathways predicted to participate in axon guidance by semaphorins, MAPK, ionotropic glutamate receptor pathway, notch signaling, regulatory activities related to TFAP2A and immune response, with the most distinct ones included TFAP2A, NRP1, SEMA3B, CACNG2, MAP3K11, and ADAM17. Conclusion We performed integrated analysis of genomic methylation signature and differential gene expression patterns of hippocampal tissues resected from patients with HS for the first time. Collectively, our findings implicate DNA methylation as a critical regulator of the pathogenic mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr B R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi; Center of Excellence for Epilepsy, A Joint NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpna Srivastava
- Center of Excellence for Epilepsy, A Joint NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration; Department of Neurosurgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manjari Tripathi
- Center of Excellence for Epilepsy, A Joint NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration; Department of Neurology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - P Sarat Chandra
- Center of Excellence for Epilepsy, A Joint NBRC-AIIMS Collaboration; Department of Neurosurgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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17
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Simonetti M, Paldy E, Njoo C, Bali KK, Worzfeld T, Pitzer C, Kuner T, Offermanns S, Mauceri D, Kuner R. The impact of Semaphorin 4C/Plexin-B2 signaling on fear memory via remodeling of neuronal and synaptic morphology. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1376-1398. [PMID: 31444474 PMCID: PMC7985029 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant fear is a cornerstone of several psychiatric disorders. Consequently, there is large interest in elucidation of signaling mechanisms that link extracellular cues to changes in neuronal function and structure in brain pathways that are important in the generation and maintenance of fear memory and its behavioral expression. Members of the Plexin-B family of receptors for class 4 semaphorins play important roles in developmental plasticity of neurons, and their expression persists in some areas of the adult nervous system. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of Semaphorin 4C (Sema4C) and its cognate receptor, Plexin-B2, in the expression of contextual and cued fear memory, setting a mechanistic focus on structural plasticity and exploration of contributing signaling pathways. We observed that Plexin-B2 and Sema4C are expressed in forebrain areas related to fear memory, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and the hippocampus, and their expression is regulated by aversive stimuli that induce fear memory. By generating forebrain-specific Plexin-B2 knockout mice and analyzing fear-related behaviors, we demonstrate that Sema4C-PlexinB2 signaling plays a crucial functional role in the recent and remote recall of fear memory. Detailed neuronal morphological analyses revealed that Sema4C-PlexinB2 signaling largely mediates fear-induced structural plasticity by enhancing dendritic ramifications and modulating synaptic density in the adult hippocampus. Analyses on signaling-related mutant mice showed that these functions are mediated by PlexinB2-dependent RhoA activation. These results deliver important insights into the mechanistic understanding of maladaptive plasticity in fear circuits and have implications for novel therapeutic strategies against fear-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Simonetti
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eszter Paldy
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Njoo
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kiran Kumar Bali
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Institute of Pharmacology, Marburg University, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany ,grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Pitzer
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Anatomy and Cell Biology Institute, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daniela Mauceri
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Neurobiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Fard D, Tamagnone L. Semaphorins in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:55-63. [PMID: 32900601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is pivotal to guide embryo development, as well as to maintain adult tissues homeostasis and control immune response. Among extracellular factors responsible for this function, are the Semaphorins, a broad family of around 20 different molecular cues conserved in evolution and widely expressed in all tissues. The signaling cascades initiated by semaphorins depend on a family of conserved receptors, called Plexins, and on several additional molecules found in the receptor complexes. Moreover, multiple intracellular pathways have been described to act downstream of semaphorins, highlighting significant diversity in the signaling cascades controlled by this family. Notably, semaphorin expression is altered in many human diseases, such as immunopathologies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This underscores the importance of semaphorins as regulatory factors in the tissue microenvironment and has prompted growing interest for assessing their potential relevance in medicine. This review article surveys the main contexts in which semaphorins have been found to regulate developing and healthy adult tissues, and the signaling cascades implicated in these functions. Vis a vis, we will highlight the main pathological processes in which semaphorins are thought to have a role thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Fard
- University of Torino School of Medicine, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Dai W, Li JD, Zhao Y, Wu J, Jiang F, Chen DN, Zheng R, Men M. Functional analysis of SEMA3A variants identified in Chinese patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Clin Genet 2020; 97:696-703. [PMID: 32060892 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare disorder characterized by impaired sexual development and infertility, caused by the deficiency of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. IHH is named Kallmann's syndrome (KS) or normosmic IHH (nIHH) when associated with a defective or normal sense of smell. Variants in SEMA3A have been recently identified in patients with KS. In this study, we screened SEMA3A variants in a cohort of Chinese patients with IHH by whole exome sequencing. Three novel heterozygous SEMA3A variants (R197Q, R617Q and V458I) were identified in two nIHH and one KS patients, respectively. Functional studies indicated that R197Q and R617Q variants were ineffective in activating the phosphorylation of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) in GN11 cells, despite normal production and secretion in HEK293T cells. The V458I SEMA3A had defect in secretion as it was not detected in the conditioned medium from HEK293T cells. Compared with wild type SEMA3A protein, all three SEMA3A mutant proteins were ineffective in inducing the migration of GN11 cells. Our study further showed the contribution of SEMA3A loss-of-function variants to the pathogenesis of IHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Da Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaguang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meichao Men
- Health Management Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Yip KL, Koon CM, Chen ZY, Chook P, Leung PC, Schachter S, Leung WH, Mok CT, Leung H. The antiepileptic effect of Gastrodiae Rhizoma through modulating overexpression of mTOR and attenuating astrogliosis in pilocarpine mice model. Epilepsia Open 2019; 5:50-60. [PMID: 32140643 PMCID: PMC7049815 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of water extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR) on the development of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and on regulating the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F). Methods A pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE) model was adopted to precipitate injury in the limbic systems. GR and carbamazepine (CBZ) treatments were given to mice for 14 days prior to SE induction to demonstrate the antiepileptic effects and continued for 5 more days to illustrate the effects on histologic studies. Results Our results consolidated that GR treatment (92.1 minutes) could delay the SE onset in comparison with the control group (61.5 minutes, P = .041). Fewer mice had reached SE with GR treatment (41.7%) when compared with the control group (83.3%, P = .044). GR treatment (2.1 hours/mouse) could suppress the number of acute seizures in post‐SE survival mice when compared with the control group (4.5 hours/mouse, P < .001). The effects of GR treatment were elucidated with the mechanism of actions. GR treatment reduced the overexpression of mTOR (0.27 vs 0.67 AU/mg protein, P = .047). GR treatment increased the underexpression of SEMA3F (0.51 vs 0.16 µg/mg protein, P = .034). In the histochemical study of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining, our results showed that GR prevented neuronal loss in the GR treatment group (64.8% positively stained pixel area) as compared with the control group (59%, P = .014) in the hippocampus. In glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining, the severity of astrogliosis was mitigated by the GR treatment (4.1% positively stained pixel area) when compared to the control group (5.6%, P = .047) in the hippocampus. Significance These results provide preclinical evidence to support the use of GR, which could suppress acute seizures and relieve pathological changes in pilocarpine‐induced TLE mice. We demonstrated that the antiepileptic effects of GR could be accompanied by mTOR reduction and astrogliosis attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lai Yip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Zi Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ping Chook
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Steven Schachter
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Wai Hong Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chung Tong Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Howan Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
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21
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Horch HW, Spicer SB, Low IIC, Joncas CT, Quenzer ED, Okoya H, Ledwidge LM, Fisher HP. Characterization of plexinA and two distinct semaphorin1a transcripts in the developing and adult cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:687-702. [PMID: 31621906 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Guidance cues act during development to guide growth cones to their proper targets in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Experiments in many species indicate that guidance molecules also play important roles after development, though less is understood about their functions in the adult. The Semaphorin family of guidance cues, signaling through Plexin receptors, influences the development of both axons and dendrites in invertebrates. Semaphorin functions have been extensively explored in Drosophila melanogaster and some other Dipteran species, but little is known about their function in hemimetabolous insects. Here, we characterize sema1a and plexA in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. In fact, we found two distinct predicted Sema1a proteins in this species, Sema1a.1 and Sema1a.2, which shared only 48% identity at the amino acid level. We include a phylogenetic analysis that predicted that many other insect species, both holometabolous and hemimetabolous, express two Sema1a proteins as well. Finally, we used in situ hybridization to show that sema1a.1 and sema1a.2 expression patterns were spatially distinct in the embryo, and both roughly overlap with plexA. All three transcripts were also expressed in the adult brain, mainly in the mushroom bodies, though sema1a.2 was expressed most robustly. sema1a.2 was also expressed strongly in the adult thoracic ganglia while sema1a.1 was only weakly expressed and plexA was undetectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley W Horch
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | - Sara B Spicer
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | - Isabel I C Low
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | - Colby T Joncas
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | - Eleanor D Quenzer
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | - Hikmah Okoya
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | - Lisa M Ledwidge
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | - Harrison P Fisher
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
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22
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Boggio EM, Ehlert EM, Lupori L, Moloney EB, De Winter F, Vander Kooi CW, Baroncelli L, Mecollari V, Blits B, Fawcett JW, Verhaagen J, Pizzorusso T. Inhibition of Semaphorin3A Promotes Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Adult Rat Visual Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5987-5997. [PMID: 30706367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed structures in the extracellular matrix that mainly surround GABA-ergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the adult brain. Previous studies revealed a parallel between PNN formation and the closure of the critical period. Moreover, ocular dominance plasticity is enhanced in response to PNN manipulations in adult animals. However, the mechanisms through which perineuronal nets modulate plasticity are still poorly understood. Recent work indicated that perineuronal nets may convey molecular signals by binding and storing proteins with important roles in cellular communication. Here we report that semaphorin3A (Sema3A), a chemorepulsive axon guidance cue known to bind to important perineuronal net components, is necessary to dampen ocular dominance plasticity in adult rats. First, we showed that the accumulation of Sema3A in PNNs in the visual cortex correlates with critical period closure, following the same time course of perineuronal nets maturation. Second, the accumulation of Sema3A in perineuronal nets was significantly reduced by rearing animals in the dark in the absence of any visual experience. Finally, we developed and characterized a tool to interfere with Sema3A signaling by means of AAV-mediated expression of receptor bodies, soluble proteins formed by the extracellular domain of the endogenous Sema3A receptor (neuropilin1) fused to a human IgG Fc fragment. By using this tool to antagonize Sema3A signaling in the adult rat visual cortex, we found that the specific inhibition of Sema3A promoted ocular dominance plasticity. Thus, Sema3A accumulates in perineuronal nets in an experience-dependent manner and its presence in the mature visual cortex inhibits plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maria Boggio
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erich M Ehlert
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elizabeth B Moloney
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred De Winter
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vasilis Mecollari
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Blits
- UniQure, Meibergdreef 61, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 20 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi - Pad. 26, 50135, Florence, Italy.
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23
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Li Z, Jagadapillai R, Gozal E, Barnes G. Deletion of Semaphorin 3F in Interneurons Is Associated with Decreased GABAergic Neurons, Autism-like Behavior, and Increased Oxidative Stress Cascades. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5520-5538. [PMID: 30635860 PMCID: PMC6614133 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism and epilepsy are diseases which have complex genetic inheritance. Genome-wide association and other genetic studies have implicated at least 500+ genes associated with the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including the human semaphorin 3F (Sema 3F) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2) genes. However, the genetic basis of the comorbid occurrence of autism and epilepsy is unknown. The aberrant development of GABAergic circuitry is a possible risk factor in autism and epilepsy. Molecular biological approaches were used to test the hypothesis that cell-specific genetic variation in mouse homologs affects the formation and function of GABAergic circuitry. The empirical analysis with mice homozygous null for one of these genes, Sema 3F, in GABAergic neurons substantiated these predictions. Notably, deletion of Sema 3F in interneurons but not excitatory neurons during early development decreased the number of interneurons/neurites and mRNAs for cell-specific GABAergic markers and increased epileptogenesis and autistic behaviors. Studies of interneuron cell-specific knockout of Sema 3F signaling suggest that deficient Sema 3F signaling may lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Further studies of mouse KO models of ASD genes such as Sema 3F or NRP2 may be informative to clinical phenotypes contributing to the pathogenesis in autism and epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville Autism Center, 1405 East Burnett Ave, Louisville, KY, 40217, USA.
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24
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Zhao XF, Kohen R, Parent R, Duan Y, Fisher GL, Korn MJ, Ji L, Wan G, Jin J, Püschel AW, Dolan DF, Parent JM, Corfas G, Murphy GG, Giger RJ. PlexinA2 Forward Signaling through Rap1 GTPases Regulates Dentate Gyrus Development and Schizophrenia-like Behaviors. Cell Rep 2019; 22:456-470. [PMID: 29320740 PMCID: PMC5788190 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentate gyrus (DG) development requires specification of granule cell (GC) progenitors in the hippocampal neuroepithelium, as well as their proliferation and migration into the primordial DG. We identify the Plexin family members Plxna2 and Plxna4 as important regulators of DG development. Distribution of immature GCs is regulated by Sema5A signaling through PlxnA2 and requires a functional PlxnA2 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain and Rap1 small GTPases. In adult Plxna2−/− but not Plxna2-GAP-deficient mice, the dentate GC layer is severely malformed, neurogenesis is compromised, and mossy fibers form aberrant synaptic boutons within CA3. Behavioral studies with Plxna2−/− mice revealed deficits in associative learning, sociability, and sensorimotor gating—traits commonly observed in neuropsychiatric disorder. Remarkably, while morphological defects are minimal in Plxna2-GAP-deficient brains, defects in fear memory and sensorimotor gating persist. Since allelic variants of human PLXNA2 and RAP1 associate with schizophrenia, our studies identify a biochemical pathway important for brain development and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rafi Kohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Parent
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuntao Duan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace L Fisher
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew J Korn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lingchao Ji
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David F Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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25
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Lin Z, Zhang R, Lu Y, Su W, Li F, Xu X, Tu M, Lou Y, Zhao J, Zheng X. De Novo Germline Mutations in SEMA5A Associated With Infantile Spasms. Front Genet 2019; 10:605. [PMID: 31354784 PMCID: PMC6635550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile spasm (IS) is an early-onset epileptic encephalopathy that usually presents with hypsarrhythmia on an electroencephalogram with developmental impairment or regression. In this study, whole-exome sequencing was performed to detect potential pathogenic de novo mutations, and finally we identified a novel damaging de novo mutation in SEMA5A and a compound heterozygous mutation in CLTCL1 in three sporadic trios with IS. The expression profiling of SEMA5A in the human brain showed that it was mainly highly expressed in the cerebral cortex, during the early brain development stage (8 to 9 post-conception weeks and 0 to 5 months after birth). In addition, we identified a close protein-protein interaction network between SEMA5A and candidate genes associated with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability. Gene enrichment and function analysis demonstrated that genes interacting with SEMA5A were significantly enriched in several brain regions across early fetal development, including the cortex, cerebellum, striatum and thalamus (q < 0.05), and were involved in axonal, neuronal and synapse-associated processes. Furthermore, SEMA5A and its interacting genes were associated with ASD, epilepsy syndrome and developmental disorders of mental health. Our results provide insightful information indicating that SEMA5A may contribute to the development of the brain and is associated with IS. However, further genetic studies are still needed to evaluate the role of SEMA5A in IS to definitively establish the role of SEMA5A in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yutian Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijue Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Gil V, Del Río JA. Functions of Plexins/Neuropilins and Their Ligands during Hippocampal Development and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2019; 8:E206. [PMID: 30823454 PMCID: PMC6468495 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that molecules, receptors, and signaling mechanisms involved in vascular development also play crucial roles during the development of the nervous system. Among others, specific semaphorins and their receptors (neuropilins and plexins) have, in recent years, attracted the attention of researchers due to their pleiotropy of functions. Their functions, mainly associated with control of the cellular cytoskeleton, include control of cell migration, cell morphology, and synapse remodeling. Here, we will focus on their roles in the hippocampal formation that plays a crucial role in memory and learning as it is a prime target during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gil
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Wong VSC, Meadows M, Goldberg D, Willis DE. Semaphorin 3A induces acute changes in membrane excitability in spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1741-1758. [PMID: 30706560 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development and survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are dependent on multiple trophic factors as well as membrane electrical activity. Semaphorins (Sema) constitute a family of membrane-associated and secreted proteins that have garnered significant attention as a potential SGN "navigator" during cochlea development. Previous studies using mutant mice demonstrated that Sema3A plays a role in the SGN pathfinding. The mechanisms, however, by which Sema3A shapes SGNs firing behavior are not known. In these studies, we found that Sema3A plays a novel role in regulating SGN resting membrane potential and excitability. Using dissociated SGN from pre-hearing (P3-P5) and post-hearing mice (P12-P15), we recorded membrane potentials using whole-cell patch clamp recording techniques in apical and basal SGN populations. Recombinant Sema3A was applied to examine the effects on intrinsic membrane properties and action potentials evoked by current injections. Apical and basal SGNs from newborn mice treated with recombinant Sema3A (100 ng/ml) displayed a higher resting membrane potential, higher threshold, decreased amplitude, and prolonged latency and duration of spikes. Although a similar phenomenon was observed in SGNs from post-hearing mice, the resting membrane potential was essentially indistinguishable before and after Sema3A exposure. Sema3A-mediated changes in membrane excitability were associated with a significant decrease in K+ and Ca2+ currents. Sema3A acts through linopirdine-sensitive K+ channels in apical, but not in the basal SGNs. Therefore, Sema3A induces differential effects in SGN membrane excitability that are dependent on age and location, and constitutes an additional early and novel effect of Sema3A SGNs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Meadows
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Goldberg
- The Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York
| | - Dianna E Willis
- The Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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28
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Tan C, Lu NN, Wang CK, Chen DY, Sun NH, Lyu H, Körbelin J, Shi WX, Fukunaga K, Lu YM, Han F. Endothelium-Derived Semaphorin 3G Regulates Hippocampal Synaptic Structure and Plasticity via Neuropilin-2/PlexinA4. Neuron 2019; 101:920-937.e13. [PMID: 30685224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The proper interactions between blood vessels and neurons are critical for maintaining the strength of neural circuits and cognitive function. However, the precise molecular events underlying these interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the selective knockout of semaphorin 3G (Sema3G) in endothelial cells impaired hippocampal-dependent memory and reduced dendritic spine density in CA1 neurons in mice; these effects were reversed after restoration of Sema3G levels in the hippocampus by AAV transfection. We further show that Sema3G increased excitatory synapse density via neuropilin-2/PlexinA4 signaling and through activation of Rac1. These results provide the first evidence that, in the central nervous system, endothelial Sema3G serves as a vascular-derived synaptic organizer that regulates synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory. Our findings highlight the role of vascular endothelial cells in regulating cognitive function through intercellular communication with neurons in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nan-Nan Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Yang Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ning-He Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hang Lyu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany; Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Basic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, CA 92350, USA
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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29
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Bottasso E. Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part I. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:632. [PMID: 31616373 PMCID: PMC6763740 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system exerts a profound influence on the function of the immune system (IS), mainly through the sympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system. In fact, the sympathetic nervous system richly innervates secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) such as the spleen and lymph nodes. For decades, different research groups working in the field have consistently reported changes in the sympathetic innervation of the SLOs during the activation of the IS, which are characterized by a decreased noradrenergic activity and retraction of these fibers. Most of these groups interpreted these changes as a pathological phenomenon, referred to as "damage" or "injury" of the noradrenergic fibers. Some of them postulated that this "injury" was probably due to toxic effects of released endogenous mediators. Others, working on animal models of chronic stimulation of the IS, linked it to the very chronic nature of processes. Unlike these views, this first part of the present work reviews evidence which supports the hypothesis of a specific adaptive mechanism of neural plasticity from sympathetic fibers innervating SLOs, encompassing structural and functional changes of noradrenergic nerves. This plasticity mechanism would involve segmental retraction and degeneration of these fibers during the activation of the IS with subsequent regeneration once the steady state is recovered. The candidate molecules likely to mediate this phenomenon are also here introduced. The second part will extend this view as to the potential changes in sympathetic innervation likely to occur in inflamed non-lymphoid peripheral tissues and its possible immunological implications.
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30
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Beamish IV, Hinck L, Kennedy TE. Making Connections: Guidance Cues and Receptors at Nonneural Cell-Cell Junctions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029165. [PMID: 28847900 PMCID: PMC6211390 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of axon guidance was revolutionized over the past three decades by the identification of highly conserved families of guidance cues and receptors. These proteins are essential for normal neural development and function, directing cell and axon migration, neuron-glial interactions, and synapse formation and plasticity. Many of these genes are also expressed outside the nervous system in which they influence cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. Because the nervous system develops from neural epithelium, it is perhaps not surprising that these guidance cues have significant nonneural roles in governing the specialized junctional connections between cells in polarized epithelia. The following review addresses roles for ephrins, semaphorins, netrins, slits and their receptors in regulating adherens, tight, and gap junctions in nonneural epithelia and endothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian V Beamish
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Tasaki S, Gaiteri C, Mostafavi S, Yu L, Wang Y, De Jager PL, Bennett DA. Multi-omic Directed Networks Describe Features of Gene Regulation in Aged Brains and Expand the Set of Genes Driving Cognitive Decline. Front Genet 2018; 9:294. [PMID: 30140277 PMCID: PMC6095043 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple aspects of molecular regulation, including genetics, epigenetics, and mRNA collectively influence the development of age-related neurologic diseases. Therefore, with the ultimate goal of understanding molecular systems associated with cognitive decline, we infer directed interactions among regulatory elements in the local regulatory vicinity of individual genes based on brain multi-omics data from 413 individuals. These local regulatory networks (LRNs) capture the influences of genetics and epigenetics on gene expression in older adults. LRNs were confirmed through correspondence to known transcription biophysics. To relate LRNs to age-related neurologic diseases, we then incorporate common neuropathologies and measures of cognitive decline into this framework. This step identifies a specific set of largely neuronal genes, such as STAU1 and SEMA3F, predicted to control cognitive decline in older adults. These predictions are validated in separate cohorts by comparison to genetic associations for general cognition. LRNs are shared through www.molecular.network on the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center Resource Sharing Hub (www.radc.rush.edu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Statistics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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De novo assembly of a transcriptome for the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus prothoracic ganglion: An invertebrate model for investigating adult central nervous system compensatory plasticity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199070. [PMID: 29995882 PMCID: PMC6040699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory system of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, demonstrates an unusual amount of anatomical plasticity in response to injury, even in adults. Unilateral removal of the ear causes deafferented auditory neurons in the prothoracic ganglion to sprout dendrites across the midline, a boundary they typically respect, and become synaptically connected to the auditory afferents of the contralateral ear. The molecular basis of this sprouting and novel synaptogenesis in the adult is not understood. We hypothesize that well-conserved developmental guidance cues may recapitulate their guidance functions in the adult in order to facilitate this compensatory growth. As a first step in testing this hypothesis, we have generated a de novo assembly of a prothoracic ganglion transcriptome derived from control and deafferented adult individuals. We have mined this transcriptome for orthologues of guidance molecules from four well-conserved signaling families: Slit, Netrin, Ephrin, and Semaphorin. Here we report that transcripts encoding putative orthologues of most of the candidate developmental ligands and receptors from these signaling families were present in the assembly, indicating expression in the adult G. bimaculatus prothoracic ganglion.
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Chowdhury D, Hell JW. Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors. F1000Res 2018; 7:234. [PMID: 29560257 PMCID: PMC5832907 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13561.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of neurons and circuits to maintain their excitability and activity levels within the appropriate dynamic range by homeostatic mechanisms is fundamental for brain function. Neuronal hyperactivity, for instance, could cause seizures. One such homeostatic process is synaptic scaling, also known as synaptic homeostasis. It involves a negative feedback process by which neurons adjust (scale) their postsynaptic strength over their whole synapse population to compensate for increased or decreased overall input thereby preventing neuronal hyper- or hypoactivity that could otherwise result in neuronal network dysfunction. While synaptic scaling is well-established and critical, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still in its infancy. Homeostatic adaptation of synaptic strength is achieved through upregulation (upscaling) or downregulation (downscaling) of the functional availability of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at postsynaptic sites. Understanding how synaptic AMPARs are modulated in response to alterations in overall neuronal activity is essential to gain valuable insights into how neuronal networks adapt to changes in their environment, as well as the genesis of an array of neurological disorders. Here we discuss the key molecular mechanisms that have been implicated in tuning the synaptic abundance of postsynaptic AMPARs in order to maintain synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Mata A, Gil V, Pérez-Clausell J, Dasilva M, González-Calixto MC, Soriano E, García-Verdugo JM, Sanchez-Vives MV, Del Río JA. New functions of Semaphorin 3E and its receptor PlexinD1 during developing and adult hippocampal formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1381. [PMID: 29358640 PMCID: PMC5777998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and maturation of cortical circuits relies on the coordinated actions of long and short range axonal guidance cues. In this regard, the class 3 semaphorins and their receptors have been seen to be involved in the development and maturation of the hippocampal connections. However, although the role of most of their family members have been described, very few data about the participation of Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) and its receptor PlexinD1 during the development and maturation of the entorhino-hippocampal (EH) connection are available. In the present study, we focused on determining their roles both during development and in adulthood. We determined a relevant role for Sema3E/PlexinD1 in the layer-specific development of the EH connection. Indeed, mice lacking Sema3E/PlexinD1 signalling showed aberrant layering of entorhinal axons in the hippocampus during embryonic and perinatal stages. In addition, absence of Sema3E/PlexinD1 signalling results in further changes in postnatal and adult hippocampal formation, such as numerous misrouted ectopic mossy fibers. More relevantly, we describe how subgranular cells express PlexinD1 and how the absence of Sema3E induces a dysregulation of the proliferation of dentate gyrus progenitors leading to the presence of ectopic cells in the molecular layer. Lastly, Sema3E mutant mice displayed increased network excitability both in the dentate gyrus and the hippocampus proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Mata
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gil
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeús Pérez-Clausell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Dasilva
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen González-Calixto
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Neurociències de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhao XF, Kohen R, Parent R, Duan Y, Fisher GL, Korn MJ, Ji L, Wan G, Jin J, Püschel AW, Dolan DF, Parent JM, Corfas G, Murphy GG, Giger RJ. PlexinA2 Forward Signaling through Rap1 GTPases Regulates Dentate Gyrus Development and Schizophrenia-like Behaviors. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 29320740 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.044.plexina2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentate gyrus (DG) development requires specification of granule cell (GC) progenitors in the hippocampal neuroepithelium, as well as their proliferation and migration into the primordial DG. We identify the Plexin family members Plxna2 and Plxna4 as important regulators of DG development. Distribution of immature GCs is regulated by Sema5A signaling through PlxnA2 and requires a functional PlxnA2 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain and Rap1 small GTPases. In adult Plxna2-/- but not Plxna2-GAP-deficient mice, the dentate GC layer is severely malformed, neurogenesis is compromised, and mossy fibers form aberrant synaptic boutons within CA3. Behavioral studies with Plxna2-/- mice revealed deficits in associative learning, sociability, and sensorimotor gating-traits commonly observed in neuropsychiatric disorder. Remarkably, while morphological defects are minimal in Plxna2-GAP-deficient brains, defects in fear memory and sensorimotor gating persist. Since allelic variants of human PLXNA2 and RAP1 associate with schizophrenia, our studies identify a biochemical pathway important for brain development and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rafi Kohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Parent
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuntao Duan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace L Fisher
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew J Korn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lingchao Ji
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David F Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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36
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Wang Q, Chiu SL, Koropouli E, Hong I, Mitchell S, Easwaran TP, Hamilton NR, Gustina AS, Zhu Q, Ginty DD, Huganir RL, Kolodkin AL. Neuropilin-2/PlexinA3 Receptors Associate with GluA1 and Mediate Sema3F-Dependent Homeostatic Scaling in Cortical Neurons. Neuron 2017; 96:1084-1098.e7. [PMID: 29154130 PMCID: PMC5726806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) number at synapses is a major mechanism for controlling synaptic strength during homeostatic scaling in response to global changes in neural activity. We show that the secreted guidance cue semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) and its neuropilin-2 (Npn-2)/plexinA3 (PlexA3) holoreceptor mediate homeostatic plasticity in cortical neurons. Sema3F-Npn-2/PlexA3 signaling is essential for cell surface AMPAR homeostatic downscaling in response to an increase in neuronal activity, Npn-2 associates with AMPARs, and Sema3F regulates this interaction. Therefore, Sema3F-Npn-2/PlexA3 signaling controls both synapse development and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shu-Ling Chiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eleftheria Koropouli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ingie Hong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah Mitchell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Teresa P Easwaran
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natalie R Hamilton
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ahleah S Gustina
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Orr BO, Fetter RD, Davis GW. Retrograde semaphorin-plexin signalling drives homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Nature 2017; 550:109-113. [PMID: 28953869 PMCID: PMC5907800 DOI: 10.1038/nature24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic signaling systems ensure stable, yet flexible neural activity and animal behavior1–4. Defining the underlying molecular mechanisms of neuronal homeostatic signaling will be essential in order to establish clear connections to the causes and progression of neurological disease. Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) is a conserved form of neuronal homeostatic signaling, observed in organisms ranging from Drosophila to human1,5. Here, we demonstrate that Semaphorin2b (Sema2b) is target-derived signal that acts upon presynaptic PlexinB (PlexB) receptors to mediate the retrograde, homeostatic control of presynaptic neurotransmitter release at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. Sema2b-PlexB signaling regulates the expression of PHP via the cytoplasmic protein Mical and the oxoreductase-dependent control of presynaptic actin6,7. During neural development, Semaphorin-Plexin signaling instructs axon guidance and neuronal morphogenesis8–10. Yet, Semaphorins and Plexins are also expressed in the adult brain11–16. Here we demonstrate that Semaphorin-Plexin signaling controls presynaptic neurotransmitter release. We propose that Sema2b-PlexB signaling is an essential platform for the stabilization of synaptic transmission throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O Orr
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Richard D Fetter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Graeme W Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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PLXNA3 Variant rs5945430 is Associated with Severe Clinical Course in Male Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:286-292. [PMID: 28536997 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits sex bias in disease clinical course as male MS patients develop severe, progressive clinical course with accumulating disability. So far, no factors have been found associating with this sex bias in MS severity. We set out to determine the genetic factor contributing to MS male-specific progressive disease. This is an MS cross-sectional study involving 213 Kuwaiti MS patients recruited at Dasman Diabetes Institute. Exome sequencing was performed on 18 females and 8 male MS patients' genomic DNA. rs5945430 genotyping was performed using Taqman genotyping assay. Estradiol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Exome analysis revealed a missense variant (rs5945430) in Plexin A3 (PLXNA3) gene (Xq28) associated with male-specific MS severity. Genotyping of 187 MS patients for rs5945430 confirmed the association of rs5945430G with increased disease severity in MS males (p = 0.013; OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.24-11.7) and disability (p = 0.024). Estradiol levels shown to effect PLXNA3 expression were lower in MS males compared to MS females, and they were lower than control rs5945430G males (p = 0.057), whereas MS females had similar estradiol levels to healthy females reducing the level of expressed PLXNA3 GG in MS females. PLXNA3 rs5945430G is associated with increased disease severity in MS male patients. Estradiol is a possible protective factor against the expression of rs5945430G in MS females.
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Jacob S, Al-Kandari A, Alroughani R, Al-Temaimi R. Assessment of plasma biomarkers for their association with Multiple Sclerosis progression. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 305:5-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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De Rossi P, Harde E, Dupuis JP, Martin L, Chounlamountri N, Bardin M, Watrin C, Benetollo C, Pernet-Gallay K, Luhmann HJ, Honnorat J, Malleret G, Groc L, Acker-Palmer A, Salin PA, Meissirel C. A critical role for VEGF and VEGFR2 in NMDA receptor synaptic function and fear-related behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1768-1780. [PMID: 26728568 PMCID: PMC5116482 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be required for the action of antidepressant therapies but its impact on brain synaptic function is poorly characterized. Using a combination of electrophysiological, single-molecule imaging and conditional transgenic approaches, we identified the molecular basis of the VEGF effect on synaptic transmission and plasticity. VEGF increases the postsynaptic responses mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate type of glutamate receptors (GluNRs) in hippocampal neurons. This is concurrent with the formation of new synapses and with the synaptic recruitment of GluNR expressing the GluN2B subunit (GluNR-2B). VEGF induces a rapid redistribution of GluNR-2B at synaptic sites by increasing the surface dynamics of these receptors within the membrane. Consistently, silencing the expression of the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in neural cells impairs hippocampal-dependent synaptic plasticity and consolidation of emotional memory. These findings demonstrated the direct implication of VEGF signaling in neurons via VEGFR2 in proper synaptic function. They highlight the potential of VEGF as a key regulator of GluNR synaptic function and suggest a role for VEGF in new therapeutic approaches targeting GluNR in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Rossi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - E Harde
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J P Dupuis
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Martin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - N Chounlamountri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - M Bardin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - C Watrin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - C Benetollo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Functional Neurogenomics and Optogenetics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - K Pernet-Gallay
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France,INSERM U836, Microscopy and Electron Microscopy Platform, Grenoble, France
| | - H J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Honnorat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neuro-Oncology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
| | - G Malleret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - L Groc
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - P A Salin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - C Meissirel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France,Equipe Neurooncologie et Neuroinflammation, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon cedex O8, 69372 Lyon, France. E-mail:
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Sampathkumar C, Wu YJ, Vadhvani M, Trimbuch T, Eickholt B, Rosenmund C. Loss of MeCP2 disrupts cell autonomous and autocrine BDNF signaling in mouse glutamatergic neurons. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27782879 PMCID: PMC5108590 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MECP2 gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). Previous studies have shown that altered MeCP2 levels result in aberrant neurite outgrowth and glutamatergic synapse formation. However, causal molecular mechanisms are not well understood since MeCP2 is known to regulate transcription of a wide range of target genes. Here, we describe a key role for a constitutive BDNF feed forward signaling pathway in regulating synaptic response, general growth and differentiation of glutamatergic neurons. Chronic block of TrkB receptors mimics the MeCP2 deficiency in wildtype glutamatergic neurons, while re-expression of BDNF quantitatively rescues MeCP2 deficiency. We show that BDNF acts cell autonomous and autocrine, as wildtype neurons are not capable of rescuing growth deficits in neighboring MeCP2 deficient neurons in vitro and in vivo. These findings are relevant for understanding RTT pathophysiology, wherein wildtype and mutant neurons are intermixed throughout the nervous system. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19374.001 Rett syndrome is a progressive brain disorder. Individuals with the condition (who are typically girls) grow normally until they are 6-18 months old and then developmentally regress, with symptoms including anxiety, impaired coordination, seizures and breathing problems. Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes a protein called MeCP2. Researchers know that MeCP2 is vital for “excitatory” neurons in the brain to communicate with (and activate) their neighbors. Neurons that lack MeCP2 tend to make fewer of the connections across which they communicate – called synapses – with others. Many researchers who study Rett syndrome use male mice that lack the MeCP2 protein. This mouse model mimics the symptoms seen in Rett patients, but at a faster and more severe rate. These studies have shown that restoring normal levels of the protein in neurons prevents the majority of Rett-like symptoms in these mice and reverses the disorder. MeCP2 controls the activity of a number of other genes. These include the gene that produces a protein called Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which helps neurons to grow. Sampathkumar et al. have now studied neurons from mouse models of Rett syndrome to investigate whether BDNF can overcome the defects seen in neurons that lack MeCP2. Viewed under a high-powered microscope, the Rett-like neurons appear smaller than healthy neurons and form fewer synapses. However, increasing the amount of BDNF in the diseased neurons restores normal growth and enables the cells to form more synapses. Girls with Rett syndrome tend to have a mixture of healthy neurons and those that do not produce the right amount of MeCP2. To mimic this, Sampathkumar et al. grew a mixture of normal and Rett-like mouse neurons in a culture dish. The healthy neurons did not help the diseased neurons to form the correct number of synapses. However, increasing the levels of BDNF in the Rett-like neurons enhanced their ability to form synapses, and increased their cell size to match their healthy counterparts. Further work is now required to uncover whether manipulating the gene that encodes BDNF – or other genes that MeCP2 controls the activity of – in the brain can reduce the symptoms and slow the progression of Rett syndrome. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19374.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Sampathkumar
- Department of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuan-Ju Wu
- Department of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mayur Vadhvani
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Trimbuch
- Department of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Eickholt
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Department of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cai X, Long L, Yang L, Chen Z, Ni G, Qin J, Zhou J, Zhou L. Association between mossy fiber sprouting and expression of semaphorin-3f protein in dentate gyrus of hippocampus in lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus mouse model. Neurol Res 2016; 38:1035-1040. [PMID: 27745527 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1243639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mossy fiber sprouting is involved in the pathogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. But the exact mechanism of formation of mossy fiber sprouting is still unclear. Semaphorin-3f protein could inhibit the growth of neuron axons. The aim of this research is to evaluate the association between semaphorin-3f expression and mossy fiber sprouting. METHODS We established pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PISE) models firstly. Then, mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of PISE models was examined by Timm staining. Expression of semaphorin-3f was evaluated by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical examination. Expression of semaphorin-3f protein in different subregions of hippocampus and its relationship with mossy fiber sprouting were studied. RESULTS We found that in PISE group, mossy fiber sprouting appeared in dentate gyrus (DG) region. It started to develop in the latent phase of PISE group and increased significantly in the chronic phase. Expression of semaphorin-3f protein in DG region started to decrease in the latent phase, and stayed at low level in the chronic phase. No such change was found in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the decrease in semaphorin-3f expression in DG region was in parallel to the change of mossy fiber sprouting in PISE models, suggesting that mossy fiber sprouting is closely associated with reduced expression of semaphorin-3f in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cai
- a Department of Neurology , the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ling Long
- c Department of Neurology , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Libai Yang
- b Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,d Department of Neurology , Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Shanxi Dayi Hospital , Taiyuan , China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- b Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guanzhong Ni
- b Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiaming Qin
- b Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jueqian Zhou
- b Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liemin Zhou
- b Department of Neurology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Goshima Y, Yamashita N, Nakamura F, Sasaki Y. Regulation of dendritic development by semaphorin 3A through novel intracellular remote signaling. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:627-640. [PMID: 27392015 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1210758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins and axon guidance molecules participate in neuronal network formation through local effects at axo-dendritic, axo-axonic or dendro-dendritic contact sites. In contrast, neurotrophins and their receptors play crucial roles in neural wiring by sending retrograde signals to remote cell bodies. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a prototype of secreted type 3 semaphorins, is implicated in axon repulsion, dendritic branching and synapse formation via binding protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and the signal transducing protein PlexinAs (PlexAs) complex. This review focuses on Sema3A retrograde signaling that regulates dendritic localization of AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA2 and dendritic patterning. This signaling is elicited by activation of NRP1 in growth cones and is propagated to cell bodies by dynein-dependent retrograde axonal transport of PlexAs. It also requires interaction between PlexAs and a high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor, toropomyosin receptor kinase A. We propose a control mechanism by which retrograde Sema3A signaling regulates the glutamate receptor localization through trafficking of cis-interacting PlexAs with GluA2 along dendrites; this remote signaling may be an alternative mechanism to local adhesive contacts for neural network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Goshima
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Naoya Yamashita
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan.,c Department of Biology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yukio Sasaki
- b Functional Structural, Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama , Japan
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RNA sequencing reveals region-specific molecular mechanisms associated with epileptogenesis in a model of classical hippocampal sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22416. [PMID: 26935982 PMCID: PMC4776103 DOI: 10.1038/srep22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the first complete transcriptome analysis of the dorsal (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of a rat epilepsy model presenting a hippocampal lesion with a strict resemblance to classical hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We collected the dDG and vDG by laser microdissection 15 days after electrical stimulation and performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing. There were many differentially regulated genes, some of which were specific to either of the two sub-regions in stimulated animals. Gene ontology analysis indicated an enrichment of inflammation-related processes in both sub-regions and of axonal guidance and calcium signaling processes exclusively in the vDG. There was also a differential regulation of genes encoding molecules involved in synaptic function, neural electrical activity and neuropeptides in stimulated rats. The data presented here suggests, in the time point analyzed, a remarkable interaction among several molecular components which takes place in the damaged hippocampi. Furthermore, even though similar mechanisms may function in different regions of the DG, the molecular components involved seem to be region specific.
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45
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BACE1 Physiological Functions May Limit Its Use as Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:158-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Matsuda I, Shoji H, Yamasaki N, Miyakawa T, Aiba A. Comprehensive behavioral phenotyping of a new Semaphorin 3 F mutant mouse. Mol Brain 2016; 9:15. [PMID: 26856818 PMCID: PMC4746810 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaphorin 3 F (Sema3F) is a secreted type of the Semaphorin family of axon guidance molecules. Sema3F and its receptor neuropilin-2 (Npn-2) are expressed in a mutually exclusive manner in the embryonic mouse brain regions including olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. Sema3F is thought to have physiological functions in the formation of neuronal circuitry and its refinement. However, functional roles of Sema3F in the brain remain to be clarified. Here, we examined behavioral effects of Sema3F deficiency through a comprehensive behavioral test battery in Sema3F knockout (KO) male mice to understand the possible functions of Sema3F in the brain. RESULTS Male Sema3F KO and wild-type (WT) control mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests, including neurological screen, rotarod, hot plate, prepulse inhibition, light/dark transition, open field, elevated plus maze, social interaction, Porsolt forced swim, tail suspension, Barnes maze, and fear conditioning tests. In the open field test, Sema3F KO mice traveled shorter distance and spent less time in the center of the field than WT controls during the early testing period. In the light/dark transition test, Sema3F KO mice also exhibited decreased distance traveled, fewer number of transitions, and longer latency to enter the light chamber compared with WT mice. In addition, Sema3F KO mice traveled shorter distance than WT mice in the elevated plus maze test, although there were no differences between genotypes in open arm entries and time spent in open arms. Similarly, Sema3F KO mice showed decreased distance traveled in the social interaction test. Sema3F KO mice displayed reduced immobility in the Porsolt forced swim test whereas there was no difference in immobility between genotypes in the tail suspension test. In the fear conditioning test, Sema3F KO mice exhibited increased freezing behavior when exposed to a conditioning context and an altered context in absence of a conditioned stimulus. In the tests for assessing motor function, pain sensitivity, startle response to an acoustic stimulus, sensorimotor gating, or spatial reference memory, there were no significant behavioral differences between Sema3F KO and WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Sema3F deficiency induces decreased locomotor activity and possibly abnormal anxiety-related behaviors and also enhances contextual memory and generalized fear in mice. Thus, our findings suggest that Sema3F plays important roles in the development of neuronal circuitry underlying the regulation of some aspects of anxiety and fear responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Matsuda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan. .,Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Yamasaki
- Kyoto Prefectural Rakunan Hospital, 2 Hirookadani, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan. .,Genetic Engineering and Functional Genomics Group, Horizontal Medical Research Organization (HMRO), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan. .,Genetic Engineering and Functional Genomics Group, Horizontal Medical Research Organization (HMRO), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan. .,Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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The Chemorepulsive Protein Semaphorin 3A and Perineuronal Net-Mediated Plasticity. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3679545. [PMID: 27057361 PMCID: PMC4738953 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3679545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During postnatal development, closure of critical periods coincides with the appearance of extracellular matrix structures, called perineuronal nets (PNN), around various neuronal populations throughout the brain. The absence or presence of PNN strongly correlates with neuronal plasticity. It is not clear how PNN regulate plasticity. The repulsive axon guidance proteins Semaphorin (Sema) 3A and Sema3B are also prominently expressed in the postnatal and adult brain. In the neocortex, Sema3A accumulates in the PNN that form around parvalbumin positive inhibitory interneurons during the closure of critical periods. Sema3A interacts with high-affinity with chondroitin sulfate E, a component of PNN. The localization of Sema3A in PNN and its inhibitory effects on developing neurites are intriguing features and may clarify how PNN mediate structural neural plasticity. In the cerebellum, enhanced neuronal plasticity as a result of an enriched environment correlates with reduced Sema3A expression in PNN. Here, we first review the distribution of Sema3A and Sema3B expression in the rat brain and the biochemical interaction of Sema3A with PNN. Subsequently, we review what is known so far about functional correlates of changes in Sema3A expression in PNN. Finally, we propose a model of how Semaphorins in the PNN may influence local connectivity.
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Differential expression of sema3A and sema7A in a murine model of multiple sclerosis: Implications for a therapeutic design. Clin Immunol 2015; 163:22-33. [PMID: 26686462 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We characterised the expression of semaphorin (sema)3A, sema7A and their receptors in the immune and the central nervous system (CNS) at different stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We also studied their expression in neonatal and adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and in mature oligodendrocyte cultures. Our results show that sema3A is increased in the CNS and decreased in the immune system upon EAE induction. However, sema7A expression is increased in both the CNS and the immune system during EAE. We also detected sema3A, sema7A and their receptors in neonatal and adult OPCs and in mature oligodendrocytes. These data suggest that sema3A and sema7A are involved in the pathogenesis of EAE, in the modulation of the immune response and in the neurodegeneration that take place in the CNS. Sema7A may represent an intriguing potential therapeutic target for the treatment of both the neurodegenerative and immune-mediated disease processes in MS.
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Yang J, Yang C, Liu C, Zhang T, Yang Z. Paradoxical effects of VEGF on synaptic activity partially involved in notch1 signaling in the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2015; 26:589-600. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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50
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Barão S, Gärtner A, Leyva-Díaz E, Demyanenko G, Munck S, Vanhoutvin T, Zhou L, Schachner M, López-Bendito G, Maness PF, De Strooper B. Antagonistic Effects of BACE1 and APH1B-γ-Secretase Control Axonal Guidance by Regulating Growth Cone Collapse. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1367-76. [PMID: 26299962 PMCID: PMC4820248 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ΒACE1 is the major drug target for Alzheimer's disease, but we know surprisingly little about its normal function in the CNS. Here, we show that this protease is critically involved in semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-mediated axonal guidance processes in thalamic and hippocampal neurons. An active membrane-bound proteolytic CHL1 fragment is generated by BACE1 upon Sema3A binding. This fragment relays the Sema3A signal via ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins to the neuronal cytoskeleton. APH1B-γ-secretase-mediated degradation of this fragment stops the Sema3A-induced collapse and sensitizes the growth cone for the next axonal guidance cue. Thus, we reveal a cycle of proteolytic activity underlying growth cone collapse and restoration used by axons to find their correct trajectory in the brain. Our data also suggest that BACE1 and γ-secretase inhibition have physiologically opposite effects in this process, supporting the idea that combination therapy might attenuate some of the side effects associated with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Barão
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-Leuven 3000, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Annette Gärtner
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-Leuven 3000, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Leyva-Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), 03550 San Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Galina Demyanenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-Leuven 3000, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tine Vanhoutvin
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-Leuven 3000, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lujia Zhou
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-Leuven 3000, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Melitta Schachner
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Guillermina López-Bendito
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), 03550 San Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Patricia F Maness
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-Leuven 3000, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
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