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Goussakov I, Synowiec S, Fabres RB, Almeida GD, Takada SH, Aksenov D, Drobyshevsky A. Abnormal local cortical functional connectivity due to interneuron dysmaturation after neonatal intermittent hypoxia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.596449. [PMID: 38895332 PMCID: PMC11185617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.596449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Premature infants often experience frequent hypoxic episodes due to immaturity of respiratory control that may result in disturbances of gray and white matter development and long-term cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. We hypothesize that neonatal intermittent hypoxia alters cortical maturation of excitatory and inhibitory circuits that can be detected early with functional MRI. Methods C57BL/6 mouse pups were exposed to an intermittent hypoxia (IH) regimen consisting of 12 to 20 daily hypoxic episodes of 5% oxygen exposure for 2 min at 37C from P3 to P7, followed by MRI at P12 and electrophysiological recordings in cortical slices and in vivo at several time points between P7 and P13. Behavioral tests were conducted at P41-P50 to assess animal activity and motor learning. Results Adult mice after neonatal IH exhibited hyperactivity in open field test and impaired motor learning in complex wheel tasks. Patch clamp and evoked field potential electrophysiology revealed increased glutamatergic transmission accompanied by elevation of tonic inhibition. A decreased synaptic inhibitory drive was evidenced by miniature IPSC frequency on pyramidal cells, multi-unit activity recording in vivo in the motor cortex with selective GABA A receptor inhibitor picrotoxin injection, as well as by the decreased interneuron density at P13. There was also an increased tonic depolarizing effect of picrotoxin after IH on principal cells' membrane potential on patch clamp and direct current potential in extracellular recordings. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation on resting-state fMRI was larger, with a larger increase after picrotoxin injection in the IH group. Conclusions Increased excitatory glutamatergic transmission, decreased numbers, and activity of inhibitory interneurons after neonatal IH may affect the maturation of connectivity in cortical networks, resulting in long-term cognitive and behavioral changes, including impaired motor learning and hyperactivity. Functional MRI reveals increased intrinsic connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex, suggesting neuronal dysfunction in cortical maturation after neonatal IH. The increased tonic inhibition, presumably due to tonic extrasynaptic GABA receptor drive, may be compensatory to the elevated excitatory glutamatergic transmission.
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Witteveen IF, McCoy E, Holsworth TD, Shen CZ, Chang W, Nance MG, Belkowitz AR, Dougald A, Puglia MH, Ribic A. Preterm birth accelerates the maturation of spontaneous and resting activity in the visual cortex. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1149159. [PMID: 37255843 PMCID: PMC10225509 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1149159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity is among the leading risks for poor neurocognitive outcomes. The brains of preterm infants show alterations in structure and electrical activity, but the underlying circuit mechanisms are unclear. To address this, we performed a cross-species study of the electrophysiological activity in the visual cortices of prematurely born infants and mice. Using electroencephalography (EEG) in a sample of healthy preterm (N = 29) and term (N = 28) infants, we found that the maturation of the aperiodic EEG component was accelerated in the preterm cohort, with a significantly flatter 1/f slope when compared to the term infants. The flatter slope was a result of decreased spectral power in the theta and alpha bands and was correlated with the degree of prematurity. To determine the circuit and cellular changes that potentially mediate the changes in 1/f slope after preterm birth, we used in vivo electrophysiology in preterm mice and found that, similar to infants, preterm birth results in a flattened 1/f slope. We analyzed neuronal activity in the visual cortex of preterm (N = 6) and term (N = 9) mice and found suppressed spontaneous firing of neurons. Using immunohistochemistry, we further found an accelerated maturation of inhibitory circuits. In both preterm mice and infants, the functional maturation of the cortex was accelerated, underscoring birth as a critical checkpoint in cortical maturation. Our study points to a potential mechanism of preterm birth-related changes in resting neural activity, highlighting the utility of a cross-species approach in studying the neural circuit mechanisms of preterm birth-related neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle F. Witteveen
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Emily McCoy
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Troy D. Holsworth
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Catherine Z. Shen
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Winnie Chang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Madelyn G. Nance
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Allison R. Belkowitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Avery Dougald
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Meghan H. Puglia
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Adema Ribic
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Witteveen IF, McCoy E, Holsworth TD, Shen CZ, Chang W, Nance MG, Belkowitz AR, Dougald A, Puglia MH, Ribic A. Preterm birth accelerates the maturation of spontaneous and resting activity in the visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524993. [PMID: 36711801 PMCID: PMC9882279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Prematurity is among the leading risks for poor neurocognitive outcomes. The brains of preterm infants show alterations in structure and electrical activity, but the underlying circuit mechanisms are unclear. To address this, we performed a cross-species study of the electrophysiological activity in the visual cortices of prematurely born infants and mice. Using electroencephalography (EEG) in a sample of healthy preterm (N=29) and term (N=28) infants, we found that the maturation of the aperiodic EEG component was accelerated in the preterm cohort, with a significantly flatter 1/f slope when compared to the term infants. The flatter slope was a result of decreased spectral power in the theta and alpha bands and was correlated with the degree of prematurity. To determine the circuit and cellular changes that potentially mediate the changes in 1/f slope after preterm birth, we used in vivo electrophysiology in preterm mice and found that, similar to infants, preterm birth results in a flattened 1/f slope. We analyzed neuronal activity in the visual cortex of preterm mice (N=6 preterm and 9 term mice) and found suppressed spontaneous firing of neurons. Using immunohistochemistry, we further found an accelerated maturation of inhibitory circuits. In both preterm mice and infants, the functional maturation of the cortex was accelerated, underscoring birth as a critical checkpoint in cortical maturation. Our study points to a potential mechanism of preterm birth-related changes in resting neural activity, highlighting the utility of a cross-species approach in studying the neural circuit mechanisms of preterm birth-related neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle F. Witteveen
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Emily McCoy
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Troy D. Holsworth
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Catherine Z. Shen
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Winnie Chang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Madelyn G. Nance
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Allison R. Belkowitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Avery Dougald
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Meghan H. Puglia
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Adema Ribic
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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Yang P, Davidson JO, Zhou KQ, Wilson R, Wassink G, Prasad JD, Bennet L, Gunn AJ, Dean JM. Therapeutic Hypothermia Attenuates Cortical Interneuron Loss after Cerebral Ischemia in Near-Term Fetal Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043706. [PMID: 36835117 PMCID: PMC9962824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy but is only partially protective. There is evidence that cortical inhibitory interneuron circuits are particularly vulnerable to HI and that loss of interneurons may be an important contributor to long-term neurological dysfunction in these infants. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the duration of hypothermia has differential effects on interneuron survival after HI. Near-term fetal sheep received sham ischemia or cerebral ischemia for 30 min, followed by cerebral hypothermia from 3 h after ischemia end and continued up to 48 h, 72 h, or 120 h recovery. Sheep were euthanized after 7 days for histology. Hypothermia up to 48 h recovery resulted in moderate neuroprotection of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)+ and parvalbumin+ interneurons but did not improve survival of calbindin+ cells. Hypothermia up to 72 h recovery was associated with significantly increased survival of all three interneuron phenotypes compared with sham controls. By contrast, while hypothermia up to 120 h recovery did not further improve (or impair) GAD+ or parvalbumin+ neuronal survival compared with hypothermia up to 72 h, it was associated with decreased survival of calbindin+ interneurons. Finally, protection of parvalbumin+ and GAD+ interneurons, but not calbindin+ interneurons, with hypothermia was associated with improved recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power and frequency by day 7 after HI. The present study demonstrates differential effects of increasing the duration of hypothermia on interneuron survival after HI in near-term fetal sheep. These findings may contribute to the apparent preclinical and clinical lack of benefit of very prolonged hypothermia.
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Low protein-induced intrauterine growth restriction as a risk factor for schizophrenia phenotype in a rat model: assessing the role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation interaction. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 36720849 PMCID: PMC9889339 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impedes normal neurodevelopment and predisposes the offspring to cognitive and behavioral deficits later in life. A significantly higher risk rate for schizophrenia (SZ) has been reported in individuals born after IUGR. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are both involved in the pathophysiology of SZ, particularly affecting the structural and functional integrity of parvalbumin interneurons (PVI) and their perineuronal nets (PNN). These anomalies have been tightly linked to impaired cognition, as observed in SZ. However, these pathways remain unexplored in models of IUGR. New research has proposed the activation of the MMP9-RAGE pathway to be a cause of persisting damage to PVIs. We hypothesize that IUGR, caused by a maternal protein deficiency during gestation, will induce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The activation of these pathways during neurodevelopment may affect the maturation of PVIs and PNNs, leading to long-term consequences in adolescent rats, in analogy to SZ patients. The level of oxidative stress and microglia activation were significantly increased in adolescent IUGR rats at postnatal day (P)35 as compared to control rats. PVI and PNN were decreased in P35 IUGR rats when compared to the control rats. MMP9 protein level and RAGE shedding were also increased, suggesting the involvement of this mechanism in the interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We propose that maternal diet is an important factor for proper neurodevelopment of the inhibitory circuitry, and is likely to play a crucial role in determining normal cognition later in life, thus making it a pertinent model for SZ.
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Rurak GM, Simard S, Freitas-Andrade M, Lacoste B, Charih F, Van Geel A, Stead J, Woodside B, Green JR, Coppola G, Salmaso N. Sex differences in developmental patterns of neocortical astroglia: A mouse translatome database. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110310. [PMID: 35108542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroglial cells are key players in the development and maintenance of neurons and neuronal networks. Astroglia express steroid hormone receptors and show rapid responses to hormonal manipulations. However, despite important sex differences in the cortex and hippocampus, few studies have examined sex differences in astroglial cells in telencephalic development. To characterize the cortical astroglial translatome in male and female mice across postnatal development, we use translating ribosome affinity purification together with RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to phenotype astroglia at six developmental time points. Overall, we find two distinct astroglial phenotypes between early (P1-P7) and late development (P14-adult), independent of sex. We also find sex differences in gene expression patterns across development that peak at P7 and appear to result from males reaching a mature astroglial phenotype earlier than females. These developmental sex differences could have an impact on the construction of neuronal networks and windows of vulnerability to perturbations and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth M Rurak
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Simard
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Moises Freitas-Andrade
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François Charih
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Van Geel
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John Stead
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James R Green
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gianfilippo Coppola
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Department of Pathology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Durán-Carabali LE, Odorcyk FK, Sanches EF, de Mattos MM, Anschau F, Netto CA. Effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral and morphological outcomes following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rodent models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1970-1991. [PMID: 35040041 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and, despite recent advances in neonatal intensive care, there is no definitive treatment for this pathology. Once preclinical studies have shown that environmental enrichment (EE) seems to be a promising therapy for children with HI, the present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles with EE in HI rodent models focusing on neurodevelopmental reflexes, motor and cognitive function as well as brain damage. The protocol was registered a priori at PROSPERO. The search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, resulting in the inclusion of 22 articles. Interestingly, EE showed a beneficial impact on neurodevelopmental reflexes (SMD= -0.73, CI= [-0.98; -0.47], p< 0.001, I2= 0.0%), motor function (SMD= -0.55, CI= [-0.81; -0.28], p< 0.001, I2= 62.6%), cognitive function (SMD= -0.93, CI= [-1.14; -0.72], p< 0.001, I2= 27.8%) and brain damage (SMD= -0.80, CI= [-1.03; -0.58], p< 0.001, I2= 10.7%). The main factors that potentiate EE positive effects were enhanced study quality, earlier age at injury as well as earlier start and longer duration of EE exposure. Overall, EE was able to counteract the behavioral and histological damage induced by the lesion, being a promising therapeutic strategy for HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Durán-Carabali
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - F K Odorcyk
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E F Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M M de Mattos
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - F Anschau
- Medicine school, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduation Program on Evaluation and Production of Technologies for the Brazilian National Health System, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Abstract
During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and the introduction of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to be the substrate of highest cognitive functions. Although neurons of the PFC are generated before birth, the differentiation of its neurons and development of synaptic connections in humans extend to the 3rd decade of life. During this period, synapses as well as neurotransmitter systems including their receptors and transporters, are initially overproduced followed by selective elimination. Advanced methods applied to human and animal models, enable investigation of the cellular mechanisms and role of specific genes, non-coding regulatory elements and signaling molecules in control of prefrontal neuronal production and phenotypic fate, as well as neuronal migration to establish layering of the PFC. Likewise, various genetic approaches in combination with functional assays and immunohistochemical and imaging methods reveal roles of neurotransmitter systems during maturation of the PFC. Disruption, or even a slight slowing of the rate of neuronal production, migration and synaptogenesis by genetic or environmental factors, can induce gross as well as subtle changes that eventually can lead to cognitive impairment. An understanding of the development and evolution of the PFC provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of congenital neuropsychiatric diseases as well as idiopathic developmental disorders that cause intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Kolk
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Cognitive performance during adulthood in a rat model of neonatal diffuse white matter injury. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:745-764. [PMID: 35064798 PMCID: PMC8891199 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Infants born prematurely risk developing diffuse white matter injury (WMI), which is associated with impaired cognitive functioning and an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder. Recently, our rat model of preterm diffuse WMI induced by combined fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia showed impaired motor performance, anxiety-like behaviour and autism-like behaviour in juvenile rats, especially males. Immunohistochemistry showed delayed myelination in the sensory cortex and impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation. OBJECTIVE To assess long-term cognitive deficits in this double-hit rat model of diffuse WMI, animals were screened on impulsivity, attention and cognitive flexibility in adulthood using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) and a probabilistic reversal learning task, tests that require a proper functioning prefrontal cortex. Thereafter, myelination deficits were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining in adulthood. RESULTS Overall, little effect of WMI or sex was found in the cognitive tasks. WMI animals showed subtle differences in performance in the 5CSRTT. Manipulating 5CSRTT parameters resulted in performance patterns previously seen in the literature. Sex differences were found in perseverative responses and omitted trials: female WMI rats seem to be less flexible in the 5CSRTT but not in the reversal learning task. Males collected rewards faster in the probabilistic reversal learning task. These findings are explained by temporally rather than permanently affected myelination and by the absence of extensive injury to prefrontal cortical subregions, confirmed by immunofluorescent staining in both adolescence and adulthood. CONCLUSION This rat model of preterm WMI does not lead to long-term cognitive deficits as observed in prematurely born human infants.
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Despotovski V, Vivekanandarajah A, Waters KA, Machaalani R. Early Postnatal Exposure to Intermittent Hypercapnic Hypoxia (IHH), but Not Nicotine, Decreases Reelin in the Young Piglet Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1859-1868. [PMID: 36322363 PMCID: PMC9797456 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the expression of reelin, an extracellular protein involved in lamination and migration of neurons, in the hippocampus of young piglets, and quantified to examine the following: (i) baseline levels within layers of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus (DG); (ii) differences between ventral and dorsal hippocampi; and (iii) changes attributable to postnatal exposure to continuous nicotine for 12 days, or intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH), with further analysis according to duration of IHH (1 vs 4 days). Additionally, we analysed whether any exposure altered DG morphology and whether it is related to altered reelin expression. Reelin was visualised via immunohistochemistry, and the number of positive reelin cells/mm2 was measured in the CA4/Hilus, layers of the DG, and the CA1. The dorsal DG had significantly more reelin within the subgranular zone compared to the ventral DG (p < 0.01). There was no difference in reelin between nicotine (n = 5) and controls (n = 5). IHH exposed piglets (n = 10) had significantly lowered reelin in the CA1 (p = 0.05), specifically the stratum pyramidale (p = 0.04) and the hippocampal fissure (p = 0.02), compared to their controls (n = 7); the duration of IHH had no effect. No exposure was associated with an alteration in DG morphology. This study shows that postnatal IHH exposure decreased reelin expression in the developing piglet hippocampal CA1, suggesting that IHH may result in altered neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Despotovski
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Science, Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Arunnjah Vivekanandarajah
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Karen A. Waters
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
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Smiley JF, Bleiwas C, Canals-Baker S, Williams SZ, Sears R, Teixeira CM, Wilson DA, Saito M. Neonatal ethanol causes profound reduction of cholinergic cell number in the basal forebrain of adult animals. Alcohol 2021; 97:1-11. [PMID: 34464696 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In animal models that mimic human third-trimester fetal development, ethanol causes substantial cellular apoptosis in the brain, but for most brain structures, the extent of permanent neuron loss that persists into adulthood is unknown. We injected ethanol into C57BL/6J mouse pups at postnatal day 7 (P7) to model human late-gestation ethanol toxicity, and then used stereological methods to investigate adult cell numbers in several subcortical neurotransmitter systems that project extensively in the forebrain to regulate arousal states. Ethanol treatment caused especially large reductions (34-42%) in the cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain, including cholinergic cells in the medial septal/vertical diagonal band nuclei (Ch1/Ch2) and in the horizontal diagonal band/substantia innominata/nucleus basalis nuclei (Ch3/Ch4). Cell loss was also present in non-cholinergic basal forebrain cells, as demonstrated by 34% reduction of parvalbumin-immunolabeled GABA cells and 25% reduction of total Nissl-stained neurons in the Ch1/Ch2 region. In contrast, cholinergic cells in the striatum were reduced only 12% by ethanol, and those of the brainstem pedunculopontine/lateral dorsal tegmental nuclei (Ch5/Ch6) were not significantly reduced. Similarly, ethanol did not significantly reduce dopamine cells of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra or serotonin cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Orexin (hypocretin) cells in the hypothalamus showed a modest reduction (14%). Our findings indicate that the basal forebrain is especially vulnerable to alcohol exposure in the late gestational period. Reduction of cholinergic and GABAergic projection neurons from the basal forebrain that regulate forebrain arousal may contribute to the behavioral and cognitive deficits associated with neonatal ethanol exposure.
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12
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Sevoflurane Postconditioning Ameliorates Neuronal Migration Disorder Through Reelin/Dab1 and Improves Long-term Cognition in Neonatal Rats After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1524-1542. [PMID: 34224102 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC) has been widely reported to attenuate brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) by inhibiting neural necrosis and autophagy. Moreover, recent reports revealed that sevoflurane facilitated hippocampal reconstruction via regulating migration. Yet, it remains unclear whether the promotion of neural migration by SPC repairs the hippocampal injury after HIE. Here, we hypothesize that SPC exerts a neuroprotective effect by ameliorating neuronal migration disorder after HIE and regulating Reelin expression. Furthermore, the downstream Reelin/Dab1 pathway may be involved. The classical Rice-Vannucci model of hypoxia-ischemia was performed on postnatal day 7 rat pups, which was followed by SPC at 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC 2.5%) for 30 min. Piceatannol, causing Reelin aggregation in vivo, was used to detect whether Reelin/Dab1 was involved in the neuroprotection effect of SPC. Hippocampal-dependent learning ability tests were conducted to assess the long-term effects on locomotor activity and spatial learning ability. Our findings suggest that hypoxia-ischemia injury inhibited neurons migrated outward from the basal zone of dentate gyrus, disrupted cytoarchitecture of the dentate gyrus (DG), and led to long-term cognition deficits. However, SPC could relieve the restricted hippocampal neurons and repair the hippocampal-dependent memory function damaged after HIE by attenuating the overactivation of the Reelin/Dab1 pathway. These results demonstrate that SPC plays a pivotal role in ameliorating neuronal migration disorder and maintaining normal cytoarchitecture of the DG via inhibiting overactivated Reelin expression. This process may involve overactivated Reelin/Dab1 signaling pathway and spatial learning ability by regulating the Reelin expression which may associate with its neuroprotection.
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Influence of Cerebral Vasodilation on Blood Reelin Levels in Growth Restricted Fetuses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061036. [PMID: 34199942 PMCID: PMC8228107 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the most important obstetric pathologies. It is frequently caused by placental insufficiency. Previous studies have shown a relationship between FGR and impaired new-born neurodevelopment, although the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not yet been completely clarified. Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in development of neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and spinal cord. Reelin has been demonstrated to play a key role in regulating perinatal neurodevelopment and to contribute to the emergence and development of various psychiatric pathologies, and its levels are highly influenced by pathological conditions of hypoxia. The purpose of this article is to study whether reelin levels in new-borns vary as a function of severity of fetal growth restriction by gestational age and sex. We sub-grouped fetuses in: normal weight group (Group 1, n = 17), FGR group with normal umbilical artery Doppler and cerebral redistribution at middle cerebral artery Doppler (Group 2, n = 9), and FGR with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler (Group 3, n = 8). Our results show a significant association of elevated Reelin levels in FGR fetuses with cerebral blood redistribution compared to the normal weight group and the FGR with abnormal umbilical artery group. Future research should focus on further expanding the knowledge of the relationship of reelin and its regulated products with neurodevelopment impairment in new-borns with FGR and should include larger and more homogeneous samples and the combined use of different in vivo techniques in neonates with impaired growth during their different adaptive phases.
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Dwir D, Cabungcal JH, Xin L, Giangreco B, Parietti E, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Klauser P, Conus P, Cuénod M, Steullet P, Do KQ. Timely N-Acetyl-Cysteine and Environmental Enrichment Rescue Oxidative Stress-Induced Parvalbumin Interneuron Impairments via MMP9/RAGE Pathway: A Translational Approach for Early Intervention in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1782-1794. [PMID: 34080015 PMCID: PMC8530393 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Research in schizophrenia (SZ) emphasizes the need for new therapeutic approaches based on antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compounds and psycho-social therapy. A hallmark of SZ is a dysfunction of parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking interneurons (PVI), which are essential for neuronal synchrony during sensory/cognitive processing. Oxidative stress and inflammation during early brain development, as observed in SZ, affect PVI maturation. We compared the efficacy of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or environmental enrichment (EE) provided during juvenile and/or adolescent periods in rescuing PVI impairments induced by an additional oxidative insult during childhood in a transgenic mouse model with gluthation deficit (Gclm KO), relevant for SZ. We tested whether this rescue was promoted by the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE mechanism, both in the mouse model and in early psychosis (EP) patients, enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of NAC supplementation for 6 months. We show that a sequential combination of NAC+EE applied after an early-life oxidative insult recovers integrity and function of PVI network in adult Gclm KO, via the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE. Six-month NAC treatment in EP patients reduces plasma sRAGE in association with increased prefrontal GABA, improvement of cognition and clinical symptoms, suggesting similar neuroprotective mechanisms. The sequential combination of NAC+EE reverses long-lasting effects of an early oxidative insult on PVI/perineuronal net (PNN) through the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE mechanism. In analogy, patients vulnerable to early-life insults could benefit from a combined pharmacological and psycho-social therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland; tel: +41-314-55-44, e-mail:
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Basilio Giangreco
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enea Parietti
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cuénod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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González Fuentes J, Insausti Serrano R, Cebada Sánchez S, Lagartos Donate MJ, Rivas Infante E, Arroyo Jiménez MDM, Marcos Rabal MDP. Neuropeptides in the developing human hippocampus under hypoxic-ischemic conditions. J Anat 2021; 239:856-868. [PMID: 34028021 PMCID: PMC8450465 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period, sensitive for newborn survival, is also one of the most critical moments in human brain development. Perinatal hypoxia due to reduced blood supply to the brain (ischemia) is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality. Brain damage caused by perinatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) can lead to neuro‐ and psychological disorders. However, its impact seems to be region‐dependent, with the hippocampus being one of the most affected areas. Among the neuronal populations of the hippocampus, some interneuron groups – such as somatostatin‐ or neuropeptide Y‐expressing neurons – seem to be particularly vulnerable. The limited information available about the effects of HI in the hippocampus comes mainly from animal models and adult human studies. This article presents an immunohistochemical analysis of somatostatin (SOM) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the developing human hippocampus after perinatal HI. Two rostrocaudal sections of the body of the hippocampus were analysed, and the number of immunostained cells in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the pyramidal cell layer and stratumoriens of the CA3, CA2 and CA1 fields of the hippocampus proper were quantified. The results showed a lower density of both neuropeptides in hypoxic compared to control cases. In the HI group, the number of SOM‐immunoreactive cell bodies was statistically significantly lower in the pyramidal cell layer and stratumoriens of CA1, while the number of NPY‐expressing neurons was statistically lower in the pyramidal cell layer of CA2. Besides, the number of SOM‐expressing neurons was significantly higher in the stratumoriens of CA1 compared to that in CA2. In sum, we observed a different vulnerability of SOM‐ and NPY‐containing neurons in the developing human hippocampus following perinatal HI damage. Our results could contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of these neuronal populations under stressful conditions during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín González Fuentes
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Del Mar Arroyo Jiménez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Albacete, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Marcos Rabal
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Albacete, Spain
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Reyes-Haro D, Cisneros-Mejorado A, Arellano RO. Therapeutic Potential of GABAergic Signaling in Myelin Plasticity and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662191. [PMID: 33889577 PMCID: PMC8056019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin to insulate axons. This accelerates action potential propagation, allowing nerve impulse information to synchronize within complex neuronal ensembles and promoting brain connectivity. Brain plasticity includes myelination, a process that starts early after birth and continues throughout life. Myelin repair, followed by injury or disease, requires new OLs differentiated from a population derived from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that continue to proliferate, migrate and differentiate to preserve and remodel myelin in the adult central nervous system. OPCs represent the largest proliferative neural cell population outside the adult neurogenic niches in the brain. OPCs receive synaptic inputs from glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons throughout neurodevelopment, a unique feature among glial cells. Neuron-glia communication through GABA signaling in OPCs has been shown to play a role in myelin plasticity and repair. In this review we will focus on the molecular and functional properties of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) expressed by OPCs and their potential role in remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reyes-Haro
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Abraham Cisneros-Mejorado
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Rogelio O Arellano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Juriquilla, Mexico
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Erythropoietin Stimulates GABAergic Maturation in the Mouse Hippocampus. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0006-21.2021. [PMID: 33495244 PMCID: PMC7890522 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0006-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurodevelopmental disabilities are strongly associated with alterations in GABAergic transmission, and therapies to stimulate its normal development are lacking. Erythropoietin (EPO) is clinically used in neonatology to mitigate acute brain injury, and to stimulate neuronal maturation. Yet it remains unclear whether EPO can stimulate maturation of the GABAergic system. Here, with the use of a transgenic mouse line that constitutively overexpresses neuronal EPO (Tg21), we show that EPO stimulates postnatal GABAergic maturation in the hippocampus. We show an increase in hippocampal GABA-immunoreactive neurons, and postnatal elevation of interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Analysis of perineuronal net (PNN) formation and innervation of glutamatergic terminals onto PV+ cells, shows to be enhanced early in postnatal development. Additionally, an increase in GABAAergic synapse density and IPSCs in CA1 pyramidal cells from Tg21 mice is observed. Detection of EPO receptor (EPOR) mRNA was observed to be restricted to glutamatergic pyramidal cells and increased in Tg21 mice at postnatal day (P)7, along with reduced apoptosis. Our findings show that EPO can stimulate postnatal GABAergic maturation in the hippocampus, by increasing neuronal survival, modulating critical plasticity periods, and increasing synaptic transmission. Our data supports EPO’s clinical use to balance GABAergic dysfunction.
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Vaes JEG, Kosmeijer CM, Kaal M, van Vliet R, Brandt MJV, Benders MJNL, Nijboer CH. Regenerative Therapies to Restore Interneuron Disturbances in Experimental Models of Encephalopathy of Prematurity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010211. [PMID: 33379239 PMCID: PMC7795049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalopathy of Prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in (extreme) preterm neonates. Though the majority of EoP research has focused on failure of oligodendrocyte maturation as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism, recent pioneer work has identified developmental disturbances in inhibitory interneurons to contribute to EoP. Here we investigated interneuron abnormalities in two experimental models of EoP and explored the potential of two promising treatment strategies, namely intranasal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1), to restore interneuron development. In rats, fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia led to a transient increase in total cortical interneuron numbers, with a layer-specific deficit in parvalbumin (PV)+ interneurons. Additionally, a transient excess of total cortical cell density was observed, including excitatory neuron numbers. In the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region, long-term deficits in total interneuron numbers and PV+ subtype were observed. In mice subjected to postnatal hypoxia/ischemia and systemic inflammation, total numbers of cortical interneurons remained unaffected; however, subtype analysis revealed a global, transient reduction in PV+ cells and a long-lasting layer-specific increase in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)+ cells. In the dentate gyrus, a long-lasting deficit of somatostatin (SST)+ cells was observed. Both intranasal MSC and IGF1 therapy restored the majority of interneuron abnormalities in EoP mice. In line with the histological findings, EoP mice displayed impaired social behavior, which was partly restored by the therapies. In conclusion, induction of experimental EoP is associated with model-specific disturbances in interneuron development. In addition, intranasal MSCs and IGF1 are promising therapeutic strategies to aid interneuron development after EoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E. G. Vaes
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.E.G.V.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (R.v.V.); (M.J.V.B.)
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Chantal M. Kosmeijer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.E.G.V.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (R.v.V.); (M.J.V.B.)
| | - Marthe Kaal
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.E.G.V.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (R.v.V.); (M.J.V.B.)
| | - Rik van Vliet
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.E.G.V.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (R.v.V.); (M.J.V.B.)
| | - Myrna J. V. Brandt
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.E.G.V.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (R.v.V.); (M.J.V.B.)
| | - Manon J. N. L. Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Cora H. Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.E.G.V.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (R.v.V.); (M.J.V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-88-755-4360
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Kubo KI, Deguchi K. Human neocortical development as a basis to understand mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disabilities in extremely preterm infants. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2242-2250. [PMID: 32924239 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recent advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine have resulted in marked improvements in the survival rates of extremely preterm infants (born before 28 gestational weeks) around the world, and Japan is among the countries with the highest reported survival rates of extremely preterm infants. However, it remains a major concern that many survivors develop neurodevelopmental disabilities, including cognitive dysfunctions and neurodevelopmental disorders later in life. In order to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental disabilities observed in the survivors of extremely preterm births, we reviewed recently reported findings about the development of the human neocortex. METHODS First, we have summarized the current knowledge about the development of the neocortex, including recently reported human- and/or primate-specific developmental events. Next, we discussed the possible causal mechanisms underlying the development of neurodevelopmental disabilities in extremely preterm infants. RESULTS Around the birth of extremely preterm infants, neurogenesis and succeeding neuronal migrations are ongoing in the neocortex of human brain. Expansion and maturation of the subplate, which is thought to reflect the axonal wiring in the neocortex, is also prominent at this time. CONCLUSION Brain injuries that occur around the birth of extremely preterm infants are presumed to affect the dynamic developmental events in the neocortex, such as neurogenesis, neuronal migrations and maturation of the subplate, which could underlie the neurodevelopmental disabilities that often develop subsequently in extremely preterm infants. These possibilities should be borne in mind while considering maternal and neonatal care to further improve the long-term outcomes of extremely preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Kubo
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiko Deguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Deguchi Pediatric Clinic, Omura, Japan
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Connexin Hemichannel Mimetic Peptide Attenuates Cortical Interneuron Loss and Perineuronal Net Disruption Following Cerebral Ischemia in Near-Term Fetal Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186475. [PMID: 32899855 PMCID: PMC7554896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is associated with disruption of cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons and their surrounding perineuronal nets, which may contribute to persisting neurological deficits. Blockade of connexin43 hemichannels using a mimetic peptide can alleviate seizures and injury after hypoxia-ischemia. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that connexin43 hemichannel blockade improves the integrity of cortical interneurons and perineuronal nets. Term-equivalent fetal sheep received 30 min of bilateral carotid artery occlusion, recovery for 90 min, followed by a 25-h intracerebroventricular infusion of vehicle or a mimetic peptide that blocks connexin hemichannels or by a sham ischemia + vehicle infusion. Brain tissues were stained for interneuronal markers or perineuronal nets. Cerebral ischemia was associated with loss of cortical interneurons and perineuronal nets. The mimetic peptide infusion reduced loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase-, calretinin-, and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and perineuronal nets. The interneuron and perineuronal net densities were negatively correlated with total seizure burden after ischemia. These data suggest that the opening of connexin43 hemichannels after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia causes loss of cortical interneurons and perineuronal nets and that this exacerbates seizures. Connexin43 hemichannel blockade may be an effective strategy to attenuate seizures and may improve long-term neurological outcomes after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.
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Hamdy N, Eide S, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Animal models for neonatal brain injury induced by hypoxic ischemic conditions in rodents. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113457. [PMID: 32889009 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and resulting encephalopathies are of significant concern. Intrapartum asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal death globally. Among surviving infants, there remains a high incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, manifesting as mild conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and debilitating disorders such as cerebral palsy. Various animal models of neonatal hypoxic brain injury have been implemented to explore cellular and molecular mechanisms, assess the potential of novel therapeutic strategies, and characterize the functional and behavioural correlates of injury. Each of the animal models has individual advantages and limitations. The present review looks at several widely-used and alternative rodent models of neonatal hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia; it highlights their strengths and limitations, and their potential for continued and improved use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hamdy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sarah Eide
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Increased Seizure Susceptibility for Rats Subject to Early Life Hypoxia Might Be Associated with Brain Dysfunction of NRG1-ErbB4 Signaling in Parvalbumin Interneurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5276-5285. [PMID: 32870492 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-induced activation of ErbB4 in parvalbumin (PV) inhibitory interneurons is reported to serve as a critical endogenous negative-feedback mechanism to repress brain epileptogenesis. Here, we investigated the seizure susceptibility and the role of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in PV interneurons in the suppression of epileptic seizures for rats subject to early life hypoxia. Neonatal postnatal day 5 (P5) rats were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH) or control (CON) room air for 10 days. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of P54 rats, we determined the impact of neonatal IH exposures on the expression of PV, NRG1, ErbB4, and phosphorylated ErbB4 (p-ErbB4) during the seizure induction. Seizure susceptibility tests with the common convulsant agent pentylenetetrazole (PEN) at P54 revealed that rats subject to neonatal hypoxia exposure developed faster and more serious epileptic seizures. Neonatal IH exposures (1) decreased the number of PV cells in the PFC of P54 rats; (2) interrupted the expression of NRG1 gene; and (3) altered the activity of NRG1 on PV interneurons in the PFC after the seizure induction. Intracerebroventricular delivery of exogenous NRG1 before seizure induction by PEN significantly reduced the seizure susceptibility for neonatal IH-exposed rats. The ErbB4 inhibitor AG1478 inhibited the exogenous NRG1's effects on seizure susceptibility. Environmental enrichment (EE) rescued the abovementioned pathophysiological alterations and significantly attenuated the epileptic seizures after the seizure induction for neonatal IH-exposed rats. Our study indicated early life hypoxia exposure might increase the seizure susceptibility for rats and contribute to pathophysiological dysfunction of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in PV interneurons in the suppression of epileptic seizures. EE might attenuate the increased seizure susceptibility for neonatal IH-exposed rats through rescuing pathophysiological alterations of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in PV interneurons.
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Dong BE, Chen H, Sakata K. BDNF deficiency and enriched environment treatment affect neurotransmitter gene expression differently across ages. J Neurochem 2020; 154:41-55. [PMID: 32222968 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of activity-induced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) disturbs neurotransmitter gene expression. Enriched environment treatment (EET) ameliorates the defects. However, how BDNF deficiency and EET affect the neurotransmitter gene expression differently across ages remains unclear. We addressed this question by determining the neurotransmitter gene expression across three life stages in wild-type and activity-dependent BDNF-deficient (KIV) mice. Mice received 2-months of standard control treatment (SCT) or EET at early-life development (ED: 0-2 months), young adulthood (2-4 months), and old adulthood (12-14 months) (N = 16/group). Half of these mice received additional 1-month SCT to examine persisting EET effects. High-throughput quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction measured expression of 81 genes for dopamine, adrenaline, serotonin, gamma aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetylcholine, and BDNF systems in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus. Results revealed that BDNF deficiency mostly reduced neurotransmitter gene expression, greatest at ED in the FC. EET increased expression of a larger number of genes at ED than adulthood, particularly in the KIV FC. Many genes down-regulated in KIV mice were up-regulated by EET, which persisted when EET was provided at ED (e.g., 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter [5HTT], ADRA1D, GRIA3, GABRA5, GABBR2). In both the regions, BDNF deficiency decreased the density of gene co-expression network specifically at ED, while EET increased the density and hub genes (e.g., GAT1, GABRG3, GRIN1, CHRNA7). These results suggest that BDNF deficiency, which occurs under chronic stress, causes neurotransmitter dysregulations prominently at ED, particularly in the FC. EET at ED may be most effective to normalize the dysregulations, providing persisting effects later in life. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. More information about the Open Science badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kazuko Sakata
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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24
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Saito M, Smiley JF, Hui M, Masiello K, Betz J, Ilina M, Saito M, Wilson DA. Neonatal Ethanol Disturbs the Normal Maturation of Parvalbumin Interneurons Surrounded by Subsets of Perineuronal Nets in the Cerebral Cortex: Partial Reversal by Lithium. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1383-1397. [PMID: 29462278 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons is observed in adult mice exposed to ethanol at postnatal day 7 (P7), a late gestation fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model. To evaluate whether PV+ cells are lost, or PV expression is reduced, we quantified PV+ and associated perineuronal net (PNN)+ cell densities in barrel cortex. While PNN+ cell density was not reduced by P7 ethanol, PV cell density decreased by 25% at P90 with no decrease at P14. PNN+ cells in controls were virtually all PV+, whereas more than 20% lacked PV in ethanol-treated adult animals. P7 ethanol caused immediate apoptosis in 10% of GFP+ cells in G42 mice, which express GFP in a subset of PV+ cells, and GFP+ cell density decreased by 60% at P90 without reduction at P14. The ethanol effect on PV+ cell density was attenuated by lithium treatment at P7 or at P14-28. Thus, reduced PV+ cell density may be caused by disrupted cell maturation, in addition to acute apoptosis. This effect may be regionally specific: in the dentate gyrus, P7 ethanol reduced PV+ cell density by 70% at P14 and both PV+ and PNN+ cell densities by 50% at P90, and delayed lithium did not alleviate ethanol's effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Hui
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Kurt Masiello
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Judith Betz
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Maria Ilina
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Mitsuo Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Forbes TA, Goldstein EZ, Dupree JL, Jablonska B, Scafidi J, Adams KL, Imamura Y, Hashimoto-Torii K, Gallo V. Environmental enrichment ameliorates perinatal brain injury and promotes functional white matter recovery. Nat Commun 2020; 11:964. [PMID: 32075970 PMCID: PMC7031237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic damage to the developing brain due to preterm birth causes many anatomical changes, including damage to the periventricular white matter. This results in the loss of glial cells, significant disruptions in myelination, and thereby cognitive and behavioral disabilities seen throughout life. Encouragingly, these neurological morbidities can be improved by environmental factors; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. We found that early and continuous environmental enrichment selectively enhances endogenous repair of the developing white matter by promoting oligodendroglial maturation, myelination, and functional recovery after perinatal brain injury. These effects require increased exposure to socialization, physical activity, and cognitive enhancement of surroundings-a complete enriched environment. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified oligodendroglial-specific responses to hypoxic brain injury, and uncovered molecular mechanisms involved in enrichment-induced recovery. Together, these results indicate that myelin plasticity induced by modulation of the neonatal environment can be targeted as a therapeutic strategy for preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Forbes
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Evan Z Goldstein
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Beata Jablonska
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Katrina L Adams
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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26
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Xenos D, Kamceva M, Tomasi S, Cardin JA, Schwartz ML, Vaccarino FM. Loss of TrkB Signaling in Parvalbumin-Expressing Basket Cells Results in Network Activity Disruption and Abnormal Behavior. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3399-3413. [PMID: 28968898 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAergic system is regulated by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) pathway, but the cell-intrinsic role of TrkB signaling in parvalbumin cortical interneuron development and function is unclear. We performed conditional ablation of the TrkB receptor in parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons to study whether postnatal loss of TrkB in parvalbumin cells affects their survival, connectivity, spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity and behavior. Using in vivo recordings of local field potentials, we found reduced gamma oscillations in the sensory cortex of PVcre+; TrkBF/F conditional knockout mice (TrkB cKO), along with increased firing of putative excitatory neurons. There was a significant downregulation in parvalbumin neuron number in cerebral and cerebellar cortices of TrkB cKO mice. In addition, inhibitory synaptic connections between basket cells and pyramidal neurons were profoundly reduced in the neocortex of TrkB cKO mice and there was a loss of cortical volume. TrkB cKO mice also showed profound hyperactivity, stereotypies, motor deficits and learning/memory defects. Our findings demonstrate that the targeting and/or synapse formation of PV-expressing basket cells with principal excitatory neurons require TrkB signaling in parvalbumin cells. Disruption of this signaling has major consequences for parvalbumin interneuron connectivity, network dynamics, cognitive and motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience.,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Child Study Center.,Department of Neuroscience.,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Chavez-Valdez R, Emerson P, Goffigan-Holmes J, Kirkwood A, Martin LJ, Northington FJ. Delayed injury of hippocampal interneurons after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and therapeutic hypothermia in a murine model. Hippocampus 2019; 28:617-630. [PMID: 29781223 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Delayed hippocampal injury and memory impairments follow neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) despite the use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Death of hippocampal pyramidal cells occurs acutely after HI, but characterization of delayed cell death and injury of interneurons (INs) is unknown. We hypothesize that injury of INs after HI is: (i) asynchronous to that of pyramidal cells, (ii) independent of injury severity, and (iii) unresponsive to TH. HI was induced in C57BL6 mice at p10 with unilateral right carotid ligation and 45 min of hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.08). Mice were randomized to normothermia (36 °C, NT) or TH (31 °C) for 4 hr after HI and anesthesia-exposed shams were use as controls. Brains were studied at 24 hr (p11) or 8 days (p18) after HI. Vglut1, GAD65/67, PSD95, parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin-1 (Calb1) were measured. Cell death was assessed using cresyl violet staining and TUNEL assay. Hippocampal atrophy and astroglyosis at p18 were used to assess injury severity and to correlate with number of PV + INs. VGlut1 level decreased by 30% at 24 hr after HI, while GAD65/67 level decreased by ∼50% in forebrain 8 days after HI, a decrease localized in CA1 and CA3. PSD95 levels decreased in forebrain by 65% at 24 hr after HI and remained low 8 days after HI. PV + INs increased in numbers (per mm2 ) and branching between p11 and p18 in sham mice but not in NT and TH mice, resulting in 21-52% fewer PV + INs in injured mice at p18. Calb1 protein and mRNA were also reduced in HI injured mice at p18. At p18, somatodendritic attrition of INs was evident in all injured mice without evidence of cell death. Neither hippocampal atrophy nor astroglyosis correlated with the number of PV + INs at p18. Thus, HI exposure has long lasting effects in the hippocampus impairing the development of the GABAergic system with only partial protection by TH independent of the degree of hippocampal injury. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Chavez-Valdez
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Emerson
- Department of Neuroscience, The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janasha Goffigan-Holmes
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Department of Neuroscience, The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lee J Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frances J Northington
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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28
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Effects of neonatal ethanol on cerebral cortex development through adolescence. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1871-1884. [PMID: 31049690 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal brain lesions cause deficits in structure and function of the cerebral cortex that sometimes are not fully expressed until adolescence. To better understand the onset and persistence of changes caused by postnatal day 7 (P7) ethanol treatment, we examined neocortical cell numbers, volume, surface area and thickness from neonatal to post-adolescent ages. In control mice, total neuron number decreased from P8 to reach approximately stable levels at about P30, as expected from normal programmed cell death. Cortical thickness reached adult levels by P14, but cortical volume and surface area continued to increase from juvenile (P20-30) to post-adolescent (P54-93) ages. P7 ethanol caused a reduction of total neurons by P14, but this deficit was transient, with later ages having only small and non-significant reductions. Previous studies also reported transient neuron loss after neonatal lesions that might be partially explained by an acute acceleration of normally occurring programmed cell death. GABAergic neurons expressing parvalbumin, calretinin, or somatostatin were reduced by P14, but unlike total neurons the reductions persisted or increased in later ages. Cortical volume, surface area and thickness were also reduced by P7 ethanol. Cortical volume showed evidence of a transient reduction at P14, and then was reduced again in post-adolescent ages. The results show a developmental sequence of neonatal ethanol effects. By juvenile ages the cortex overcomes the P14 deficit of total neurons, whereas P14 GABA cell deficits persist. Cortical volume reductions were present at P14, and again in post-adolescent ages.
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29
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Kentner AC, Cryan JF, Brummelte S. Resilience priming: Translational models for understanding resiliency and adaptation to early life adversity. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:350-375. [PMID: 30311210 PMCID: PMC6447439 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing attention to early life adversity and its long-term consequences on health, behavior, and the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, our understanding of the adaptations and interventions that promote resiliency and rescue against such insults are underexplored. Specifically, investigations of the perinatal period often focus on negative events/outcomes. In contrast, positive experiences (i.e. enrichment/parental care//healthy nutrition) favorably influence development of the nervous and endocrine systems. Moreover, some stressors result in adaptations and demonstrations of later-life resiliency. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of neuroplasticity that follow some of these early life experiences and translates them into ideas for interventions in pediatric settings. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in mediating stress susceptibility is also discussed. Since many negative outcomes of early experiences are known, it is time to identify mechanisms and mediators that promote resiliency against them. These range from enrichment, quality parental care, dietary interventions and those that target the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115,
| | - John F. Cryan
- Dept. Anatomy & Neuroscience & APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, College Rd., Cork, Ireland,
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202,
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30
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Arnold TD, Lizama CO, Cautivo KM, Santander N, Lin L, Qiu H, Huang EJ, Liu C, Mukouyama YS, Reichardt LF, Zovein AC, Sheppard D. Impaired αVβ8 and TGFβ signaling lead to microglial dysmaturation and neuromotor dysfunction. J Exp Med 2019; 216:900-915. [PMID: 30846482 PMCID: PMC6446869 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a pivotal role in the coordination of brain development and have emerged as a critical determinant in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of microglia in the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders is less clear. Here we show that conditional deletion of αVβ8 from the central nervous system (Itgb8ΔCNS mice) blocks microglia in their normal stepwise development from immature precursors to mature microglia. These "dysmature" microglia appear to result from reduced TGFβ signaling during a critical perinatal window, are distinct from microglia with induced reduction in TGFβ signaling during adulthood, and directly cause a unique neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by oligodendrocyte maturational arrest, interneuron loss, and spastic neuromotor dysfunction. Consistent with this, early (but not late) microglia depletion completely reverses this phenotype. Together, these data identify novel roles for αVβ8 and TGFβ signaling in coordinating microgliogenesis with brain development and implicate abnormally programmed microglia or their products in human neurodevelopmental disorders that share this neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicolas Santander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucia Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Louis F Reichardt
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ann C Zovein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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31
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Murata Y, Colonnese MT. Thalamic inhibitory circuits and network activity development. Brain Res 2019; 1706:13-23. [PMID: 30366019 PMCID: PMC6363901 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory circuits in thalamus and cortex shape the major activity patterns observed by electroencephalogram (EEG) in the adult brain. Their delayed maturation and circuit integration, relative to excitatory neurons, suggest inhibitory neuronal development could be responsible for the onset of mature thalamocortical activity. Indeed, the immature brain lacks many inhibition-dependent activity patterns, such as slow-waves, delta oscillations and sleep-spindles, and instead expresses other unique oscillatory activities in multiple species including humans. Thalamus contributes significantly to the generation of these early oscillations. Compared to the abundance of studies on the development of inhibition in cortex, however, the maturation of thalamic inhibition is poorly understood. Here we review developmental changes in the neuronal and circuit properties of the thalamic relay and its interconnected inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) both in vitro and in vivo, and discuss their potential contribution to early network activity and its maturation. While much is unknown, we argue that weak inhibitory function in the developing thalamus allows for amplification of thalamocortical activity that supports the generation of early oscillations. The available evidence suggests that the developmental acquisition of critical thalamic oscillations such as slow-waves and sleep-spindles is driven by maturation of the TRN. Further studies to elucidate thalamic GABAergic circuit formation in relation to thalamocortical network function would help us better understand normal as well as pathological brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Murata
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Matthew T Colonnese
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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32
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Impaired Interneuron Development in a Novel Model of Neonatal Brain Injury. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0300-18. [PMID: 30809588 PMCID: PMC6390196 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0300-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prematurity is associated with significantly increased risk of neurobehavioral pathologies, including autism and schizophrenia. A common feature of these psychiatric disorders is prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibitory circuit disruption due to GABAergic interneuron alteration. Cortical interneurons are generated and migrate throughout late gestation and early infancy, making them highly susceptible to perinatal insults such as preterm birth. Term and preterm PFC pathology specimens were assessed using immunohistochemical markers for interneurons. Based on the changes seen, a new preterm encephalopathy mouse model was developed to produce similar PFC interneuron loss. Maternal immune activation (MIA; modeling chorioamnionitis, associated with 85% of extremely preterm births) was combined with chronic sublethal hypoxia (CSH; modeling preterm respiratory failure), with offspring of both sexes assessed anatomically, molecularly and neurobehaviorally. In the PFC examined from the human preterm samples compared to matched term samples at corrected age, a decrease in somatostatin (SST) and calbindin (CLB) interneurons was seen in upper cortical layers. This pattern of interneuron loss in upper cortical layers was mimicked in the mouse PFC following the combination of MIA and CSH, but not after either insult alone. This persistent interneuron loss is associated with postnatal microglial activation that occurs during CSH only after MIA. The combined insults lead to long-term neurobehavioral deficits which parallel human psychopathologies that may be seen after extremely preterm birth. This new preclinical model supports a paradigm in which specific cellular alterations seen in preterm encephalopathy can be linked with a risk of neuropsychiatric sequela. Specific interneuron subtypes may provide therapeutic targets to prevent or ameliorate these neurodevelopmental risks.
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33
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Honeycutt JA, Chrobak JJ. Parvalbumin Loss Following Chronic Sub-Anesthetic NMDA Antagonist Treatment is Age-Dependent in the Hippocampus: Implications for Modeling NMDA Hypofunction. Neuroscience 2018; 393:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Neonatal brain injury causes cerebellar learning deficits and Purkinje cell dysfunction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3235. [PMID: 30104642 PMCID: PMC6089917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05656-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are more likely to develop locomotor disorders than term infants. In a chronic sub-lethal hypoxia (Hx) mouse model of neonatal brain injury, we recently demonstrated the presence of cellular and physiological changes in the cerebellar white matter. We also observed Hx-induced delay in Purkinje cell (PC) arborization. However, the behavioral consequences of these cellular alterations remain unexplored. Using the Erasmus Ladder to study cerebellar behavior, we report the presence of locomotor malperformance and long-term cerebellar learning deficits in Hx mice. Optogenetics experiments in Hx mice reveal a profound reduction in spontaneous and photoevoked PC firing frequency. Finally, treatment with a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake inhibitor partially rescues locomotor performance and improves PC firing. Our results demonstrate a long-term miscoordination phenotype characterized by locomotor malperformance and cerebellar learning deficits in a mouse model of neonatal brain injury. Our findings also implicate the developing GABA network as a potential therapeutic target for prematurity-related locomotor deficits.
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35
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Nguyen V, Sabeur K, Maltepe E, Ameri K, Bayraktar O, Rowitch DH. Sonic Hedgehog Agonist Protects Against Complex Neonatal Cerebellar Injury. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 17:213-227. [PMID: 29134361 PMCID: PMC5849674 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum undergoes rapid growth during the third trimester and is vulnerable to injury and deficient growth in infants born prematurely. Factors associated with preterm cerebellar hypoplasia include chronic lung disease and postnatal glucocorticoid administration. We modeled chronic hypoxemia and glucocorticoid administration in neonatal mice to study whole cerebellar and cell type-specific effects of dual exposure. Chronic neonatal hypoxia resulted in permanent cerebellar hypoplasia. This was compounded by administration of prednisolone as shown by greater volume loss and Purkinje cell death. In the setting of hypoxia and prednisolone, administration of a small molecule Smoothened-Hedgehog agonist (SAG) preserved cerebellar volume and protected against Purkinje cell death. Such protective effects were observed even when SAG was given as a one-time dose after dual insult. To model complex injury and determine cell type-specific roles for the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, we performed conditional knockout of von Hippel Lindau (VHL) to hyperactivate HIF1α in cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP) or Purkinje cells. Surprisingly, HIF activation in either cell type resulted in no cerebellar deficit. However, in mice administered prednisolone, HIF overactivation in CGNPs resulted in significant cerebellar hypoplasia, whereas HIF overactivation in Purkinje cells caused cell death. Together, these findings indicate that HIF primes both cell types for injury via glucocorticoids, and that hypoxia/HIF + postnatal glucocorticoid administration act on distinct cellular pathways to cause cerebellar injury. They further suggest that SAG is neuroprotective in the setting of complex neonatal cerebellar injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Khalida Sabeur
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kurosh Ameri
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Omer Bayraktar
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
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36
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Scheinost D, Kwon SH, Lacadie C, Vohr BR, Schneider KC, Papademetris X, Constable RT, Ment LR. Alterations in Anatomical Covariance in the Prematurely Born. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:534-543. [PMID: 26494796 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm (PT) birth results in long-term alterations in functional and structural connectivity, but the related changes in anatomical covariance are just beginning to be explored. To test the hypothesis that PT birth alters patterns of anatomical covariance, we investigated brain volumes of 25 PTs and 22 terms at young adulthood using magnetic resonance imaging. Using regional volumetrics, seed-based analyses, and whole brain graphs, we show that PT birth is associated with reduced volume in bilateral temporal and inferior frontal lobes, left caudate, left fusiform, and posterior cingulate for prematurely born subjects at young adulthood. Seed-based analyses demonstrate altered patterns of anatomical covariance for PTs compared with terms. PTs exhibit reduced covariance with R Brodmann area (BA) 47, Broca's area, and L BA 21, Wernicke's area, and white matter volume in the left prefrontal lobe, but increased covariance with R BA 47 and left cerebellum. Graph theory analyses demonstrate that measures of network complexity are significantly less robust in PTs compared with term controls. Volumes in regions showing group differences are significantly correlated with phonological awareness, the fundamental basis for reading acquisition, for the PTs. These data suggest both long-lasting and clinically significant alterations in the covariance in the PTs at young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology.,Magnetic Resonance Research Center, New Haven, CT 06520-8043, USA
| | | | | | - Betty R Vohr
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Laura R Ment
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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37
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Transient Hypoxemia Chronically Disrupts Maturation of Preterm Fetal Ovine Subplate Neuron Arborization and Activity. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11912-11929. [PMID: 29089437 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2396-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are at risk for a broad spectrum of neurobehavioral disabilities associated with diffuse disturbances in cortical growth and development. During brain development, subplate neurons (SPNs) are a largely transient population that serves a critical role to establish functional cortical circuits. By dynamically integrating into developing cortical circuits, they assist in consolidation of intracortical and extracortical circuits. Although SPNs reside in close proximity to cerebral white matter, which is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, the susceptibility of SPNs remains controversial. We determined SPN responses to two common insults to the preterm brain: hypoxia-ischemia and hypoxia. We used a preterm fetal sheep model using both sexes that reproduces the spectrum of human cerebral injury and abnormal cortical growth. Unlike oligodendrocyte progenitors, SPNs displayed pronounced resistance to early or delayed cell death from hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia. We thus explored an alternative hypothesis that these insults alter the maturational trajectory of SPNs. We used DiOlistic labeling to visualize the dendrites of SPNs selectively labeled for complexin-3. SPNs displayed reduced basal dendritic arbor complexity that was accompanied by chronic disturbances in SPN excitability and synaptic activity. SPN dysmaturation was significantly associated with the level of fetal hypoxemia and metabolic stress. Hence, despite the resistance of SPNs to insults that trigger white matter injury, transient hypoxemia disrupted SPN arborization and functional maturation during a critical window in cortical development. Strategies directed at limiting the duration or severity of hypoxemia during brain development may mitigate disturbances in cerebral growth and maturation related to SPN dysmaturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The human preterm brain commonly sustains blood flow and oxygenation disturbances that impair cerebral cortex growth and cause life-long cognitive and learning disabilities. We investigated the fate of subplate neurons (SPNs), which are a master regulator of brain development that plays critical roles in establishing cortical connections to other brain regions. We used a preterm fetal sheep model that reproduces key features of brain injury in human preterm survivors. We analyzed the responses of fetal SPNs to transient disturbances in fetal oxygenation. We discovered that SPNs are surprisingly resistant to cell death from low oxygen states but acquire chronic structural and functional changes that suggest new strategies to prevent learning problems in children and adults that survive preterm birth.
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38
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van Tilborg E, Achterberg EJM, van Kammen CM, van der Toorn A, Groenendaal F, Dijkhuizen RM, Heijnen CJ, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Benders MNJL, Nijboer CHA. Combined fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia causes myelin deficits and autism-like behavior in a rat model of diffuse white matter injury. Glia 2017; 66:78-93. [PMID: 28925578 PMCID: PMC5724703 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse white matter injury (WMI) is a serious problem in extremely preterm infants, and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, including cognitive impairments and an increased risk of autism-spectrum disorders. Important risk factors include fetal or perinatal inflammatory insults and fluctuating cerebral oxygenation. However, the exact mechanisms underlying diffuse WMI are not fully understood and no treatment options are currently available. The use of clinically relevant animal models is crucial to advance knowledge on the pathophysiology of diffuse WMI, allowing the definition of novel therapeutic targets. In the present study, we developed a multiple-hit animal model of diffuse WMI by combining fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia in rats. We characterized the effects on white matter development and functional outcome by immunohistochemistry, MRI and behavioral paradigms. Combined fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia resulted in delayed cortical myelination, microglia activation and astrogliosis at P18, together with long-term changes in oligodendrocyte maturation as observed in 10 week old animals. Furthermore, rats with WMI showed impaired motor performance, increased anxiety and signs of autism-like behavior, i.e. reduced social play behavior and increased repetitive grooming. In conclusion, the combination of fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia in rats induces a pattern of brain injury and functional impairments that closely resembles the clinical situation of diffuse WMI. This animal model provides the opportunity to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying WMI, and can be used to develop novel treatment options for diffuse WMI in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Tilborg
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - E J Marijke Achterberg
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Caren M van Kammen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Groenendaal
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Manon N J L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Cora H A Nijboer
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
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39
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Steullet P, Cabungcal JH, Coyle J, Didriksen M, Gill K, Grace AA, Hensch TK, LaMantia AS, Lindemann L, Maynard TM, Meyer U, Morishita H, O'Donnell P, Puhl M, Cuenod M, Do KQ. Oxidative stress-driven parvalbumin interneuron impairment as a common mechanism in models of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:936-943. [PMID: 28322275 PMCID: PMC5491690 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PVIs) are crucial for maintaining proper excitatory/inhibitory balance and high-frequency neuronal synchronization. Their activity supports critical developmental trajectories, sensory and cognitive processing, and social behavior. Despite heterogeneity in the etiology across schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, PVI circuits are altered in these psychiatric disorders. Identifying mechanism(s) underlying PVI deficits is essential to establish treatments targeting in particular cognition. On the basis of published and new data, we propose oxidative stress as a common pathological mechanism leading to PVI impairment in schizophrenia and some forms of autism. A series of animal models carrying genetic and/or environmental risks relevant to diverse etiological aspects of these disorders show PVI deficits to be all accompanied by oxidative stress in the anterior cingulate cortex. Specifically, oxidative stress is negatively correlated with the integrity of PVIs and the extracellular perineuronal net enwrapping these interneurons. Oxidative stress may result from dysregulation of systems typically affected in schizophrenia, including glutamatergic, dopaminergic, immune and antioxidant signaling. As convergent end point, redox dysregulation has successfully been targeted to protect PVIs with antioxidants/redox regulators across several animal models. This opens up new perspectives for the use of antioxidant treatments to be applied to at-risk individuals, in close temporal proximity to environmental impacts known to induce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steullet
- Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-H Cabungcal
- Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Coyle
- Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - M Didriksen
- Synaptic transmission H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - K Gill
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T K Hensch
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A-S LaMantia
- George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Lindemann
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Roche Pharmaceutical and Early Development, Neuroscience, Opthalmology & Rare Disease (NORD) DTA, Discovery Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T M Maynard
- George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - U Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Morishita
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology, Friedman Brain Institute, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - P O'Donnell
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Puhl
- Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - M Cuenod
- Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Q Do
- Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly-Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland. E-mail:
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40
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Ortega JA, Sirois CL, Memi F, Glidden N, Zecevic N. Oxygen Levels Regulate the Development of Human Cortical Radial Glia Cells. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:3736-3751. [PMID: 27600849 PMCID: PMC6075453 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen (O2) concentration is a vital parameter for controlling the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells. A prenatal reduction of O2 levels (hypoxia) often leads to cognitive and behavioral defects, attributable to altered neural development. In this study, we analyzed the effects of O2 levels on human cortical progenitors, the radial glia cells (RGCs), during active neurogenesis, corresponding to the second trimester of gestation. Small changes in O2 levels profoundly affected RGC survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Physiological hypoxia (3% O2) promoted neurogenesis, whereas anoxia (<1% O2) and severe hypoxia (1% O2) arrested the differentiation of human RGCs, mainly by altering the generation of glutamatergic neurons. The in vitro activation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling rescued the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of RGCs subjected to anoxia. Pathologic hypoxia (≤1% O2) also exerted negative effects on gliogenesis, by decreasing the number of O4+ preoligodendrocytes and increasing the number of reactive astrocytes derived from cortical RGCs. O2-dependent alterations in glutamatergic neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis can lead to significant changes in cortical circuitry formation. A better understanding of the cellular effects caused by changes in O2 levels during human cortical development is essential to elucidating the etiology of numerous neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Carissa L Sirois
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Fani Memi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nicole Glidden
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nada Zecevic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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41
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Kubo KI, Deguchi K, Nagai T, Ito Y, Yoshida K, Endo T, Benner S, Shan W, Kitazawa A, Aramaki M, Ishii K, Shin M, Matsunaga Y, Hayashi K, Kakeyama M, Tohyama C, Tanaka KF, Tanaka K, Takashima S, Nakayama M, Itoh M, Hirata Y, Antalffy B, Armstrong DD, Yamada K, Inoue K, Nakajima K. Association of impaired neuronal migration with cognitive deficits in extremely preterm infants. JCI Insight 2017; 2:88609. [PMID: 28515367 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many extremely preterm infants (born before 28 gestational weeks [GWs]) develop cognitive impairment in later life, although the underlying pathogenesis is not yet completely understood. Our examinations of the developing human neocortex confirmed that neuronal migration continues beyond 23 GWs, the gestational week at which extremely preterm infants have live births. We observed larger numbers of ectopic neurons in the white matter of the neocortex in human extremely preterm infants with brain injury and hypothesized that altered neuronal migration may be associated with cognitive impairment in later life. To confirm whether preterm brain injury affects neuronal migration, we produced brain damage in mouse embryos by occluding the maternal uterine arteries. The mice showed delayed neuronal migration, ectopic neurons in the white matter, altered neuronal alignment, and abnormal corticocortical axonal wiring. Similar to human extremely preterm infants with brain injury, the surviving mice exhibited cognitive deficits. Activation of the affected medial prefrontal cortices of the surviving mice improved working memory deficits, indicating that decreased neuronal activity caused the cognitive deficits. These findings suggest that altered neuronal migration altered by brain injury might contribute to the subsequent development of cognitive impairment in extremely preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Kubo
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiko Deguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ito
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute/School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Endo
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seico Benner
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Kitazawa
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Michihiko Aramaki
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minkyung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kakeyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Systems Neuroscience & Preventive Medicine, Waseda University Faculty of Human Sciences, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tohyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute/School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Takashima
- Division of Child Neurology, Yanagawa Institute of Developmental Disabilities, Yanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yukio Hirata
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Barbara Antalffy
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dawna D Armstrong
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Menegaux A, Meng C, Neitzel J, Bäuml JG, Müller HJ, Bartmann P, Wolke D, Wohlschläger AM, Finke K, Sorg C. Impaired visual short-term memory capacity is distinctively associated with structural connectivity of the posterior thalamic radiation and the splenium of the corpus callosum in preterm-born adults. Neuroimage 2017; 150:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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43
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Pfisterer U, Khodosevich K. Neuronal survival in the brain: neuron type-specific mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2643. [PMID: 28252642 PMCID: PMC5386560 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic regions of mammalian brain produce many more neurons that will eventually survive and reach a mature stage. Developmental cell death affects both embryonically produced immature neurons and those immature neurons that are generated in regions of adult neurogenesis. Removal of substantial numbers of neurons that are not yet completely integrated into the local circuits helps to ensure that maturation and homeostatic function of neuronal networks in the brain proceed correctly. External signals from brain microenvironment together with intrinsic signaling pathways determine whether a particular neuron will die. To accommodate this signaling, immature neurons in the brain express a number of transmembrane factors as well as intracellular signaling molecules that will regulate the cell survival/death decision, and many of these factors cease being expressed upon neuronal maturation. Furthermore, pro-survival factors and intracellular responses depend on the type of neuron and region of the brain. Thus, in addition to some common neuronal pro-survival signaling, different types of neurons possess a variety of 'neuron type-specific' pro-survival constituents that might help them to adapt for survival in a certain brain region. This review focuses on how immature neurons survive during normal and impaired brain development, both in the embryonic/neonatal brain and in brain regions associated with adult neurogenesis, and emphasizes neuron type-specific mechanisms that help to survive for various types of immature neurons. Importantly, we mainly focus on in vivo data to describe neuronal survival specifically in the brain, without extrapolating data obtained in the PNS or spinal cord, and thus emphasize the influence of the complex brain environment on neuronal survival during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pfisterer
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Camprubí Camprubí M, Balada Caballé R, Ortega Cano JA, Ortega de la Torre MDLA, Duran Fernández-Feijoo C, Girabent-Farrés M, Figueras-Aloy J, Krauel X, Alcántara S. Learning and memory disabilities in IUGR babies: Functional and molecular analysis in a rat model. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00631. [PMID: 28293472 PMCID: PMC5346519 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 1Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the failure of the fetus to achieve its inherent growth potential, and it has frequently been associated with neurodevelopmental problems in childhood. Neurological disorders are mostly associated with IUGR babies with an abnormally high cephalization index (CI) and a brain sparing effect. However, a similar correlation has never been demonstrated in an animal model. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between CI, functional deficits in learning and memory and alterations in synaptic proteins in a rat model of IUGR. METHODS 2Utero-placental insufficiency was induced by meso-ovarian vessel cauterization (CMO) in pregnant rats at embryonic day 17 (E17). Learning performance in an aquatic learning test was evaluated 25 days after birth and during 10 days. Some synaptic proteins were analyzed (PSD95, Synaptophysin) by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 3Placental insufficiency in CMO pups was associated with spatial memory deficits, which are correlated with a CI above the normal range. CMO pups presented altered levels of synaptic proteins PSD95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS 4The results of this study suggest that learning disabilities may be associated with altered development of excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Although interspecific differences in fetal response to placental insufficiency should be taken into account, the translation of these data to humans suggest that both IUGR babies and babies with a normal birth weight but with intrauterine Doppler alterations and abnormal CI should be closely followed to detect neurodevelopmental alterations during the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Camprubí Camprubí
- Neonatology Service Sant Joan de Déu BCNatal Hospital Sant Joan de Déu i Clínic University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafel Balada Caballé
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan A Ortega Cano
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain; Present address: Department of Neurology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | | | | | | | - Josep Figueras-Aloy
- Neonatology Service Sant Joan de Déu BCNatal Hospital Sant Joan de Déu i Clínic University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Krauel
- Neonatology Service Sant Joan de Déu BCNatal Hospital Sant Joan de Déu i Clínic University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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45
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Miller KM, Xing G, Walker CK. Meconium exposure and autism risk. J Perinatol 2017; 37:203-207. [PMID: 27809298 PMCID: PMC5280086 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2016.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine whether fetal meconium passage is associated with autism. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective birth cohort analysis of 9 945 896 children born in California 1991 to 2008 linked discharge diagnosis and procedure codes for prenatal stressors, meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) with autism diagnoses for 47 277 children through 2012. We assessed the relative risk of autism by meconium status using logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and clinical features. RESULTS Children exposed to meconium (MSAF and MAS) were more likely to be diagnosed with autism in comparison with unexposed children (0.60% and 0.52%, vs 0.47%, respectively). In adjusted analyses, there was a small increase in autism risk associated with MSAF exposure (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 1.25), and a marginal association that failed to achieve significance between MAS and autism (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.20). CONCLUSION Resuscitation of neonates with respiratory compromise from in utero meconium exposure may mitigate long-term neurodevelopmental damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guibo Xing
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Cheryl K. Walker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA,MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
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Smiley JF, Hackett TA, Bleiwas C, Petkova E, Stankov A, Mann JJ, Rosoklija G, Dwork AJ. Reduced GABA neuron density in auditory cerebral cortex of subjects with major depressive disorder. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 76:108-121. [PMID: 26686292 PMCID: PMC4903945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are closely associated with disrupted functions in frontal and limbic areas of cerebral cortex, cellular pathology has also been found in other brain areas, including primary sensory cortex. Auditory cortex is of particular interest, given the prominence of auditory hallucinations in SZ, and sensory deficits in MDD. We used stereological sampling methods in auditory cortex to look for cellular differences between MDD, SZ and non-psychiatric subjects. Additionally, as all of our MDD subjects died of suicide, we evaluated the association of suicide with our measurements by selecting a SZ sample that was divided between suicide and non-suicide subjects. Measurements were done in primary auditory cortex (area A1) and auditory association cortex (area Tpt), two areas with distinct roles in sensory processing and obvious differences in neuron density and size. In MDD, densities of GABAergic interneurons immunolabeled for calretinin (CR) and calbindin (CB) were 23-29% lower than non-psychiatric controls in both areas. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons (counted only in area Tpt) showed a nominally smaller (16%) reduction that was not statistically significant. Total neuron and glia densities measured in Nissl stained sections did not show corresponding reductions. Analysis of suicide in the SZ sample indicated that reduced CR cell density was associated with suicide, whereas the densities of CB and other cells were not. Our results are consistent with previous studies in MDD that found altered GABA-associated markers throughout the cerebral cortex including primary sensory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Smiley
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Troy A Hackett
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia Bleiwas
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Eva Petkova
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gorazd Rosoklija
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
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Steullet P, Cabungcal JH, Monin A, Dwir D, O'Donnell P, Cuenod M, Do KQ. Redox dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and NMDA receptor hypofunction: A "central hub" in schizophrenia pathophysiology? Schizophr Res 2016; 176:41-51. [PMID: 25000913 PMCID: PMC4282982 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to altered GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and impaired myelin/axonal integrity in schizophrenia. Both findings could be due to abnormal neurodevelopmental trajectories, affecting local neuronal networks and long-range synchrony and leading to cognitive deficits. In this review, we present data from animal models demonstrating that redox dysregulation, neuroinflammation and/or NMDAR hypofunction (as observed in patients) impairs the normal development of both parvalbumin interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These observations suggest that a dysregulation of the redox, neuroimmune, and glutamatergic systems due to genetic and early-life environmental risk factors could contribute to the anomalies of parvalbumin interneurons and white matter in schizophrenia, ultimately impacting cognition, social competence, and affective behavior via abnormal function of micro- and macrocircuits. Moreover, we propose that the redox, neuroimmune, and glutamatergic systems form a "central hub" where an imbalance within any of these "hub" systems leads to similar anomalies of parvalbumin interneurons and oligodendrocytes due to the tight and reciprocal interactions that exist among these systems. A combination of vulnerabilities for a dysregulation within more than one of these systems may be particularly deleterious. For these reasons, molecules, such as N-acetylcysteine, that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can also regulate glutamatergic transmission are promising tools for prevention in ultra-high risk patients or for early intervention therapy during the first stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J H Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Monin
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P O'Donnell
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Cuenod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Sun XR, Zhang H, Zhao HT, Ji MH, Li HH, Wu J, Li KY, Yang JJ. Amelioration of oxidative stress-induced phenotype loss of parvalbumin interneurons might contribute to the beneficial effects of environmental enrichment in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:84-92. [PMID: 27297027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disease following exposure to a severe traumatic event or physiological stress, which is characterized by anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons that are susceptible to oxidative stress are a subset of inhibitory GABAergic neurons regulating the excitability of pyramidal neurons, while dysfunction of PV interneurons is casually linked to many mental disorders including PTSD. We therefore hypothesized that environmental enrichment (EE), a method of enhanced cognitive, sensory and motor stimulation, can reverse the behavioral impairments by normalizing PV interneurons in a rat model of PTSD induced by inescapable foot shocks (IFS). Behavioral changes were determined by the open field, elevated plus maze, fear conditioning, and Morris water maze tests. The levels of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, PV, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD-67), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined. Our results showed that in this PTSD model, rats displayed the anxiety-like behavior, enhanced fear learning behavior, and hippocampus- dependent spatial memory deficit, which were accompanied by the up-regulation of NOX2, 8-OH-dG, and down-regulation of PV and GAD-67. Notably, EE reversed all these abnormalities. These results suggest that restoration of PV interneurons by inhibiting oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex might represent a mechanism through which EE reverses the behavioral impairments in a rat model of PTSD induced by IFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao R Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong T Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mu H Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui H Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kuan Y Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jian J Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ji MH, Wang ZY, Sun XR, Tang H, Zhang H, Jia M, Qiu LL, Zhang GF, Peng YG, Yang JJ. Repeated Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposure-Induced Developmental Delays of Parvalbumin Interneurons and Cognitive Impairments Are Reversed by Environmental Enrichment. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3759-3770. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Developmental loss of parvalbumin-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex and psychiatric anxiety after intermittent hypoxia exposures in neonatal rats might be mediated by NADPH oxidase-2. Behav Brain Res 2016; 296:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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